UNIT 1: A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from
that of the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. treat B. great C. meat D. lead
Question 2: A. regular B. general C. vegetable D. energy
Question 3: A. virus B. habit C. fitness D. illness
Question 4: A. germ B. grow C. gone D. gap
Question 5: A. tiny B. diameter C. nutrient D. antibiotic
Question 6: A. habit B. honest C. healthy D. helpful
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of stress in each of the following questions.
Question 7: A. balanced B. active C. healthy D. mature
Question 8: A. important B. wonderful C. suitable D. serious
Question 9: A. disease B. homework C. muscle D. treatment
Question 10: A. recipe B. energy C. poisoning D. infection
Question 11: A. suffer B. balance C. relax D. follow
Question 12: A. regular B. infectious C. positive D. interesting
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Question 13: The doctor will ________ the patient thoroughly to determine the cause of the symptoms.
A. spread B. examine C. suffer D. cure
Question 14: Advances in medical science have significantly increased the average ________ life countries.
A. expectancy B. expectation C. expect D. expectant
Question 15: To achieve a long and healthy life, it's important to _______ attention to your diet and nutrition.
A. take B. put C. pay D. make
Question 16: Electronic devices such as smartphones and computers _______ blue light, which can disrupt your sleep.
A. give off B. take in C. use up D. get over
Question 17: In recent years, he _________ smoking to improve his lung health.
A. stopped B. stops C. has stopped D. had stopped
Question 18: Many people find that they need to _______ sugary drinks and sodas to better manage their weight.
A. turn down B. get over C. work out D. give up
Question 19: People who ______ from high levels of stress are more likely to experience mental health issues
A. prevent B. suffer C. expect D. deny
Question 20: Drinking water _______ throughout the day is crucial for supporting bodily functions.
A. positively B. happily C. properly D. especially
Question 21: A balanced diet rich in essential _______ is key to maintaining a long and healthy life.
A. labels B. tools C. nutrients D. organisms
Question 22: She ________ a variety of fruits and vegetables in her diet for five years.
A. includes B. has included C. will include D. had included
Question 23: Consuming fresh and clean ingredients is essential to avoid food ______ and maintain good health.
A. poisonously B. poisonous C. poison D. poisoning
Question 24: _________ regularly can improve your sleep quality.
A. Giving up B. Working out C. Taking up D. Standing out
Question 25: In 2018, the government ______ a national campaign to encourage citizens to adopt healthier lifestyles.
A. launched B. has launched C. had launched D. launches
Question 26: Vaccination is a key strategy in preventing the __________ of infectious diseases.
A. treatment B. spread C. recipe D. illness
Question 27: Washing your hands regularly is one of the best ways to protect yourself from harmful __________.
A. strengths B. abilities C. virus D. germs
Exercise 4: Read the following advertisement/announcement and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
ACHIEVE YOUR HEALTH GOALS TODAY!
Are you looking to (28) ______________ your health and well-being? Join our Health Improvement Program at Wellness
Hub! Our program offers a wide range of activities and workshops designed to help you achieve a healthier lifestyle:
 Personalized fitness plans
 Nutritional guidance
 Stress management workshops
 Access (29)___________ expert health coaches
Whether you're a beginner or a (30)_______________ enthusiast, our program is tailored to meet your needs. For more
information, visit our website at www.wellnesshub.com or call us at 123-456-7890.
Start your journey to better health with us!
Question 28: A. explain B. avoid C. begin D. boost
Question 29: A. in B. at C. from D. to
Question 30: A. fitness B. architecture C. creativity D. technology
 ANNOUNCEMENT ABOUT THE SCHOOL RACE COMPETITION
We are excited to announce the upcoming School Race Competition for the 2024 school year. (31) ________ event aims
to promote physical fitness and a spirit of healthy competition among our students.
Event Date:
 Saturday, August 20, 2024
 Time: 7:00 AM 12:00 PM
Venue:
 ABC Middle School Track Field
Participation Requirements:
 Students from grades 6 to 9
 Register at the Physical Education Office before August 10, 2024
We hope that the School Race Competition will provide an enjoyable and challenging experience, encouraging students
(32) _________ their physical abilities and fostering a sense of sportsmanship. We (33)_______ the enthusiastic
participation of our students and the support from parents and teachers.
For more detailed information, please contact Mr. Nguyen Van A - Physical Education Teacher at 123-456-7890.
Question 31: A. A B. An C. The D. Ø (no article)
Question 32: A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. to developing
Question 33: A. get on with B. look forward to C. keep up with D. face up to

Find Your Inner Peace: Join Our Meditation Course Today!

Are you looking to reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance your overall well-being? Our expert-led meditation course
is designed just for you! Over the course of five weeks, you will:
 Learn effective meditation techniques to calm your mind and body.
 Develop a (34) _________ practice that fits into your daily routine.
 Experience the benefits of reduced anxiety and improved mental clarity.
Join us now and take the first step towards a (35) _______ and peaceful life. Sign up today and start your journey to inner
tranquility!
Special Offer: Enroll now and get a 10% discount on your first session!
Visit our website or call us at 0123456789 to (36) _______ your spot!
Find your calm, one breath at a time.
Question 34: A. negative B. rare C. regular D. annual
Question 35: A. busy B. hard-working C. frustrated D. balanced
Question 36: A. reserve B. cancel C. secure D. postpone

Announcement: COVID-19 Vaccination for Students

Attention Students and Parents,
We are pleased to (37) ____________ that our school will be hosting a COVID-19 vaccination clinic to help protect our
community. This initiative is aimed at ensuring the safety and health of our students as we navigate through these
challenging times. The vaccination clinic will be held (38) __________ March 15th from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM at the
school gymnasium.
To ensure a smooth process, we ask everyone to wear a mask, maintain social distancing, and arrive at their scheduled
time to avoid crowding. It is also (39) __________ to stay hydrated and have a light meal before coming.
Question 37: A. announce B. control C. suggest D. focus
Question 38: A. in B. on C. of D. with
Question 39: A. advise B. advice C. advisable D. advisedly

DISCOVER YOUR NEW FAVORITE FITNESS SPOT AT GREEN MEADOW PARK!

We are excited (40) __________ the grand opening of our new park for everyone to enjoy!
Date: July 20, 2024, from 7:00 AM to 10:00 PM
Location: Green Meadow Park, 123 Elm Street, Springfield
Activities:
 Outdoor fitness area with modern (41) _________
 Running and walking paths spanning 5 km
 Soccer and basketball courts
Join us for a day of fun and fitness! Everyone is welcome to come and enjoy the beautiful new park.
(42) ___________ your family and friends, and make the most of this new community space.
Question 40: A. announce B. to announce C. announcing D. announces
Question 41: A. equipment B. tool C. gadget D. advice
Question 42: A. Take B. Lift C. Bring D. Put

ANNOUNCEMENT: CELEBRATORY PARTY FOR SENIORS

The Local Seniors' Association is delighted to invite all residents aged 70 and above to a special celebratory party. This
event (43) __________ to honor our esteemed seniors and present certificates of appreciation for their contributions (44)
 ________ the community.
Date: August 15, 2024, from 4:00 PM to 7:00 PM
Location: Community Hall, 456 Maple Street, Springfield
Event Highlights:
 Presentation of Certificates of Appreciation
 Live Music and Entertainment
 Refreshments and Dinner
 Opportunity to (45) _______ with fellow seniors
We warmly welcome you to join us for an evening of celebration, recognition, and community. Please bring your family
and friends to share in this joyous occasion.
Question 43: A. organized B. is organized C. organizes D. has organized
Question 44: A. for B. on C. to D. with
Question 45: A. protect B. receive C. avoid D. connect
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to
make a meaningful paragraph/letter in each of the following questions.
Question 46:
A. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains ensures the body gets essential nutrients.
b. Additionally, regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.
c. Firstly, getting enough sleep is crucial for overall health and well-being.
d. Finally, managing stress through techniques like meditation and mindfulness promotes mental and emotional health.
e. Living a long and healthy life requires a combination of good habits and lifestyle choices.
A. e-c-a-b-d B. a-c-d-e-b C. c-e-b-a-d D. b-e-b-a-d
Question 47:
A. Furthermore, social connections and supportive relationships contribute significantly to emotional well-being.
b. Dear Friend, I hope this message finds you in good health! I've been reflecting on the importance of living a long and
healthy life.
c. Additionally, regular health check-ups can help detect potential issues early, leading to better outcomes.
d. Firstly, a balanced diet and regular exercise are the foundations of a healthy lifestyle.
e. Finally, finding joy and purpose in life is essential for long-term health and happiness.
f. Take care and stay healthy.
A. a-b-f-c-e-d B. b-d-a-c-e-f C. d-b-a-e-c-f D. f-d-a-c-b-e
Question 48:
a. In addition, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are crucial for lung and liver health.
b. Overall, adopting these habits can lead to a significantly improved quality of life.
c. Drinking plenty of water is also vital for maintaining proper hydration and bodily functions.
d. Furthermore, regular medical check-ups can catch potential health issues early on.
e. Living a healthy lifestyle involves multiple factors that contribute to physical and mental well-being.
A. e-c-a-d-b B. c-e-a-d-b C. e-d-c-a-b D. a-e-c-d-b
Question 49:
a. I've come to realize how important it is to cherish and maintain our mental health.
b. Engaging in regular exercise not only benefits the body but also boosts mental well-being.
c. Moreover, surrounding oneself with positive relationships can have a profound impact on overall happiness.
d. Dear Alex, I hope you're doing well! Lately, I've been thinking a lot about our conversations on mental health.
e. Lastly, taking time for hobbies and activities we enjoy can greatly enhance our quality of life.
f. I look forward to hearing your thoughts on this.
A. b-d-a-e-c-f B. d-a-c-e-b-f C. d-a-b-c-e-f D. a-d-c-e-b-f
Question 50:
a. Moreover, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water aids in digestion and nutrient absorption.
b. To begin with, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides essential nutrients and energy.
c. Adopting these habits can lead to a healthier, more vibrant life.
d. Regular physical activity strengthens the heart, muscles, and bones, while also improving mood and mental clarity.
e. Living a healthy life involves several key practices that promote overall well-being.
A. e-b-d-a-c B. e-d-b-a-c C. b-e-d-a-c D. e-b-a-d-c
Question 51:
a. Engaging in mindfulness practices such as meditation can significantly reduce stress levels.
b. Additionally, getting sufficient sleep each night allows the body to repair and rejuvenate.
c. Overall, these strategies contribute to maintaining a balanced and healthy lifestyle.
d. Dear Sarah, I've recently been exploring ways to enhance my daily health routine and wanted to share some thoughts with
you.
e. Another important aspect is maintaining strong social connections, which support emotional well-being.
f. Regular exercise, proper nutrition, and adequate rest are fundamental to physical health.
A. d-f-a-e-b-c B. f-d-a-e-b-c C. d-f-e-a-b-c D. d-a-f-e-b-c
Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the
numbered blanks
 Living a long and healthy life involves making consistent, positive lifestyle choices. Firstly, maintaining a balanced
diet is (52) _____________. Consuming a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins helps to support
overall health and prevent chronic diseases. Secondly, regular physical activity is essential. Engaging in exercises such as
walking, swimming, or cycling can improve cardiovascular health, (53) _________, and enhance flexibility.
Moreover, adequate sleep is vital for the body's restorative processes. (54) ________ to ensure optimal functioning
and well-being. Managing stress through mindfulness techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep-breathing exercises can
also contribute to a healthy life by reducing anxiety and promoting emotional balance. Additionally, maintaining social
connections and engaging in community activities can enhance mental health and provide a sense of belonging and purpose.
Preventive healthcare, (55)_________, is another important aspect. Early detection of potential health issues can lead
to more effective treatments and better outcomes. Finally, avoiding harmful habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol
consumption is crucial for long-term health. (56) __________, a combination of a balanced diet, regular physical activity,
sufficient sleep, stress management, social engagement, preventive healthcare, and avoiding harmful (57) ________ a long
and healthy life.
Reference: https://dpuhospital.com
Question 52: A. providing for the crucial body with necessary nutrients
B. with necessary nutrients to provide for the crucial body
C. crucial for providing the body with necessary nutrients
D. necessary to provide the body for necessary nutrients
Question 53: A. strengthen muscles B. strong muscles
C. strongly muscles D. muscles strength
Question 54: A. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours sleep every night
B. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night
C. Adults should aim 7-9 hours sleep per night
D. Adults should aim sleep of 7-9 hours every night
Question 55: A. to include regular check-ups and screenings
B. with including regular check-ups and screenings
C. include regular check-ups and screenings
D. including regular check-ups and screenings
Question 56: A. In summary B. Instead of C. In contrast D. Even though
Question 57: A. contributes to living B. contributes to live
C. contributes living D. contributes for living
Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the
numbered blanks
Some people have trouble falling asleep, and one significant reason for this issue may be related to the food they
consume at night. The types of foods eaten in the evening can have a substantial impact on one's ability to fall asleep. (58)
________ in the body called serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in regulating sleep and mood.
(59) ________, consuming foods like rice, pasta, and bread at dinner can be beneficial for those who struggle with insomnia,
as these foods promote the production of serotonin, (60) ____________.
Conversely, there are foods that have the opposite effect and can hinder your ability to fall asleep. Foods such as
ham, cheese, and chocolate can interfere with the production of serotonin and instead promote wakefulness. These foods
contain high levels of tyramine, an amino acid that increases the release of a stimulant known as norepinephrine.
Norepinephrine can heighten brain activity and keep you alert, (61) __________ and fall asleep. (62) _________ can disrupt
your sleep cycle and contribute to sleepless nights.
To improve sleep quality, we should be mindful of your evening diet. Opting for meals rich in carbohydrates like
rice, pasta, and whole-grain bread can help facilitate better sleep, (63) _________ such as ham, cheese, and chocolate can
prevent nighttime restlessness. By making these dietary adjustments, individuals can create a more conducive environment
for a restful night's sleep.
Reference: https://www.nytimes.com/
Question 58: A. Certain foods help promote sleep although they lead to the production of a chemical
B. Certain foods help promote sleep because they lead to the production of a chemical
C. Certain foods help promote sleep although they lead to the productivity of a chemical
D. Certain foods help promote sleep because they lead to the productivity of a chemical
Question 59: A. Such as B. Like C. In short D. For instance
Question 60 : A. which subsequently makes you feel sleepy and relaxed.
B. that subsequently makes you feel sleepy and relaxed.
C. which subsequently makes you feel sleep and relaxed.
D. which subsequent makes you feel sleepy and relaxed.
Question 61: A. making it difficult wind down
B. to making it difficult to wind down
C. making it difficult to wind down
D. making it difficulty to wind down
Question 62: A. However, consuming these foods in the evening
B. Moreover, consuming these foods in the evening
C. Consume these foods in the evening
 D. Therefore, consuming these foods in the evening
Question 63: A. while avoiding foods that contain stimulants
B. while avoiding foods contain stimulants
C. after avoiding foods which contain stimulants
D. before avoiding foods containing stimulants
Exercise 8: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the
numbered blanks
The term "couch potato" often brings to mind images of children lounging in front of screens for hours, (64) _____
can be more complex. Understanding the experiences and influences that shape these sedentary lifestyles is essential to
addressing the challenges they face.
Children today are growing up in a digital age (65) _______ in their daily lives. With the widespread availability of
smartphones, tablets, and gaming consoles, children are spending more time engaged in screen-based activities. While (66)
__________ offer educational content and entertainment, excessive screen time can lead to a sedentary lifestyle. Parents and
caregivers often struggle to find a balance between allowing access to technology and (67) ________.
Environmental and social factors also contribute to the sedentary habits of couch potatoes. Urbanization has led to
(68) _________ for children to play. In many neighborhoods, parks and recreational facilities are either inadequate or too far
away. Additionally, busy family schedules and concerns about safety often limit opportunities for outdoor play. Socially,
children might prefer staying indoors (69) ________ activities, reinforcing the cycle of inactivity. similar sedentary
Reference: https://www.weforum.org/
Question 64: A. but the reality of their childhood
B. so the reality of their childhood
C. but their childhood of reality
D. so their childhood of reality
Question 65: A. which technology and media play a significant role
B. that media and technology play a significant role
C. that media and technology put a significant role
D. where technology and media play a significant role
Question 66: A. this device B. these devices C. those devices D. that device
Question 67: A. to encouraging physical activity B. encouraging physical activity
C. encourage physical activity D. for encouraging physical activity
Question 68: A. decrease in safe outdoor spaces B. decrease safe outdoor spaces
C. a decrease in safe outdoor spaces D. a safe decrease in outdoor spaces
Question 69: A. if their peers are also engaged in
B. if their peers also are engaged in
C. before their peers are also engaged in
D. with their peers also are engaged in
Exercise 9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
The Importance of Sleep
For about one third of your life, your eyes will be closed. You will not move very much. You will breathe very
slowly. You will be quiet. In other words, for about one third of your life, you will be asleep.
Why do we sleep so much? What is the purpose? Scientists do not have a complete answer. They believe that sleep
(70) ________ your energy and helps your brain work better. If you do not sleep enough, you cannot (71) __________ on
your work, and you feel tired all day. Without enough sleep, you are also more likely to get sick.
Sleep is important for normal development. This means (72) _________ children need a lot of sleep in order to grow
up strong and healthy. During the first two weeks of life, babies sleep for about 16 hours every day. This changes as they
grow and need less sleep. Teenagers still need about 9 hours of sleep every night, but (73) _________ adults need less - only
about 8 hours. After about the age of 70, they only sleep for about 6 hours every night.
All animals need sleep, (74) _________ there is great variation in how much they sleep. For example, some big
snakes sleep for more than 18 hours a day. Sheep only sleep for about 4 hours, and giraffes sleep less than 2 hours a day!
Pigs sleep for 8 hours a day just like adult humans.
Adapted from Making Connections
Question 70: A. spreads B. suffers C. restores D. releases
Question 71: A. treat B. relax C. vacinate D. concentrate
Question 72: A. which B. that C. whom D. whose
Question 73: A. most B. each C. some D. much
Question 74: A. but B. so C. because D. although
Exercise 10: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
A virus is a tiny infectious agent (75) ________ can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses
consist of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protective protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also
have an outer lipid envelope.
Viruses are very diverse and can infect (76) _______ forms of life, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
When a virus infects a host, it attaches to a specific cell, injects its genetic material, and takes over the cell's machinery to
produce new virus particles. These new viruses then burst out of the host cell, often destroying it, and go on to infect more
cells.
While some viruses cause mild or no symptoms, others can (77) ________ to serious diseases such as influenza,
HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and Ebola. Vaccines, which are a key tool in preventing viral infections, and antiviral medications
can help manage some viral diseases. (78) ________ their tiny size and simple structure, viruses have a profound impact on
the health and disease of all living (79) _________.
Reference: https://microbiologysociety.org/
Question 75: A. that B. whose C. when D. whom
Question 76: A. each B. much C. many D. other
Question 77: A. take B. lead C. pay D. put
Question 78: A. Because B. Despite C. As D. Though
Question 79: A. structures B. organisms C. forms D. samples
Exercise 11: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks
Emily had always (80) _______ with her weight, facing numerous challenges (81) ______ affected her health and
quality of life. At 30, she decided it was time for a change. With the help of a nutritionist, she crafted a balanced meal plan
including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Tracking her calorie intake, Emily worked hard to change her
long-standing eating habits. She also began incorporating exercise into her routine, starting with walking and yoga, and
eventually discovering a love for cycling. Joining a local cycling group provided her with a supportive community that
encouraged her progress.
Throughout her journey, Emily faced obstacles such as discouraging days when the scale didn't move and tempting
social events. (82) ________, she learned to make healthier choices and focused on non-scale victories like improved
clothing fit and increased energy. After a year of consistent effort, Emily lost 50 pounds and experienced significant
improvements in her mental and emotional well-being. Her success (83) ________ those around her, and she became (84)
_________ advocate for healthy living. Emily's story is a testament to the power of determination and support in achieving
health goals.
Reference:https://bodynetwork.com/
Question 80: A. struggled B. battled C. dealt D. suffered
Question 81: A. who B. where C. whose D. that
Question 82: A. Moreover B. However C. Although D. Therfore
Question 83: A. inspired B. encouraged C. reduce D. exchange
Question 84: A. an B. some C. each D. many
Exercise 12: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions
Our body clock, also known as the circadian rhythm, is an internal system that regulates our sleep-wake cycle,
influencing various physiological processes. This biological clock is primarily influenced by external cues such as light and
temperature, aligning our body's functions with the day-night cycle. For instance, exposure to natural light in the morning
signals the body to wake up and be alert, while the absence of light in the evening triggers the production of melatonin, a
hormone that promotes sleep.
Maintaining a consistent circadian rhythm is crucial for overall health. Disruptions to it, such as those caused by
shift work, travel across time zones, or irregular sleep patterns, can lead to various health issues. These disruptions can affect
sleep quality, mood, and cognitive functions, and over time, may contribute to more serious conditions such as obesity,
diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is essential to follow a regular sleep schedule, ensure exposure to natural
light during the day, and minimize light exposure at night to keep the body clock in sync.
Moreover, the circadian rhythm also regulates other bodily functions, including hormone release, eating habits, and
digestion. Studies have shown that our body clock influences the timing of meals, and eating at irregular times can disrupt
metabolic processes. For optimal health, it is recommended to eat meals at consistent times each day and avoid late-night
eating. By understanding and respecting it, we can improve our sleep quality, boost our overall health, and enhance our daily
performance.
Reference: https://www.nigms.nih.gov
Question 85: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Melatonin B. The Science of Sleeping Pills
C. Understanding of the Body Clock D. The Impact of Technology on Sleep
Question 86: What does the word "regulates" in the passage mostly mean?
A. disrupts B. controls C. ignores D. influences
Question 87: What does the word "it" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. work B. melatonin C. disruption D. circadian rhythm
Question 88: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor affecting global health?
A. income B. education C. pollution levels D. lifestyle
Question 89: According to the passage, what is recommended for optimal health regarding meal times?
A. Eating meals at the same times every day B. Eating whenever you feel hungry
C. Skipping breakfast regularly D. Eating large meals late at night
Exercise 13. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions.
 Individuals make decisions about their physical and mental health because serious illnesses can significantly impact
them and their families. Just as family health is tied to individual members, a nation's health is connected to its people. A
country's economic strength relies on a healthy workforce. Hence, governments monitor the health of their populations,
examining connections between health and lifestyle. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses this data to answer: How
healthy is the world?
The WHO assesses large populations' health using life expectancy and mortality rates. Life expectancy measures the
average age people are expected to live. Since the 20th century, life expectancy has significantly increased worldwide. For
example, the average global citizen now lives 27 years longer than a century ago. Japan shows even more dramatic increases,
with people living 38 years longer on average than 100 years ago. These improvements indicate that the world is healthier
now than in the past century.
Mortality rates, the second indicator, measure deaths in specific regions, focusing on premature deaths. WHO
emphasizes child mortality, which makes up over 20 percent of all premature deaths. Though global child mortality has
decreased by 30 percent since 1990, significant disparities exist between nations and within countries. Mortality rates fall
faster in wealthier nations and among higher-income individuals, highlighting ongoing health inequalities.
Governments aim to reduce mortality rates by targeting premature death causes. While infectious diseases still cause
millions of deaths, particularly in developing countries, there has been progress. HIV/AIDS, once stigmatized and ignored,
has seen a 16 percent decline in new infections globally between 2000 and 2008 due to prevention efforts and new drugs.
Lifestyle choices significantly affect life expectancy and mortality rates. Obesity and smoking are major health risks,
with obesity reducing life expectancy by up to 20 years and smoking causing millions of deaths annually. The CDC
estimates a billion smokers worldwide, with 80 percent in developing countries. Lifestyle choices thus pose health risks for
individuals and nations alike.
By examining life expectancy, mortality rates, and lifestyle, we get a mixed view of global health. While people live
longer due to improved life expectancy, infectious diseases and poor lifestyle choices still cause millions of deaths.
Improving global health requires continued efforts in health education, job provision, and income increase, highlighting the
link between education, income, and health. Better-educated individuals make healthier lifestyle choices, benefit from
improved job prospects, and pass these advantages to their children, ultimately enhancing global health.
Reference: https://www.samhsa.gov/
Question 90: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Importance of Health Education
B. The Role of WHO in Global Health
C. Assessing Global Health: Indicators and Challenges
D. Lifestyle Choices and Their Impact on Health
Question 91: The word "assesses" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. ignores B. evaluates C. dismisses D. overlooks
Question 92: What does the word "its" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. nation B. health C. decision D. strength
Question 93: The word "premature" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to _______.
A. timely B. early C. delayed D. expected
Question 94: According to the passage, what is a significant achievement in reducing global mortality rates?
A. The complete eradication of HIV/AIDS
B. A decrease in new HIV/AIDS infections
C. A 50 percent reduction in child mortality
D. The eradication of tobacco-related diseases
Question 95: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Obesity can reduce life expectancy by up to 20 years.
B. The CDC estimates there are a billion smokers worldwide.
C. Infectious diseases have been eliminated in developing countries.
D. Lifestyle choices pose health risks for individuals and nations.
Question 96: It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. Health education has no impact on life expectancy.
B. Governments play a role in reducing mortality rates.
C. All countries have equal health outcomes.
D. Life expectancy is not linked to economic factors.
Exercise 14. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions
Monaco, with an average life expectancy of nearly 86 years, attributes its longevity to a diet rich in seafood, fruits,
and vegetables, inspired by French and Italian cuisines. Known as the "playground of billionaires," Monaco is famous for its
luxurious and affluent lifestyle. Data reveals that this second smallest country in the world, with a population of under
40,000, boasts an average life expectancy of 85.9 years. Following Monaco in the list of countries with the highest life
expectancy are Japan (84.8), Australia (84.5), Switzerland (84), Malta (83.8), and South Korea (83.7). In contrast, the ten
countries with the lowest life expectancy, all under 60 years, are in Africa, including Chad, Nigeria, Lesotho, the Central
African Republic, South Sudan, Somalia, Eswatini, Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Mali.
These statistics from Our World in Data are based on updated figures from the United Nations Population Fund. Life
expectancy has significantly increased worldwide over the past few decades, thanks to medical advancements such as
vaccines, antibiotics, and improved hygiene, which have eradicated many causes of early death. In 1950, the average life
expectancy was 46.5 years, but this figure rose to 71 by 2021.
Health disparities between countries have also improved. In 1950, Mali in West Africa had an average life
expectancy of 28.2 years, while Norway's was 71.2 years a gap of 43 years. By 2021, this difference had decreased to 33.4
years. Technology, better food sources, improved nutritional education, and greater awareness of health risks have
collectively extended human life spans. Additionally, learning from Monaco and Japan's experiences could help us live
longer.
One significant factor contributing to Monaco's high life expectancy is its Mediterranean diet. Located near the sea,
seafood is a crucial component of the Monegasque diet, along with abundant fruits and vegetables, and dishes influenced by
French and Italian cuisine. Besides a healthy diet, Monaco's high-quality, state-supported healthcare system and the residents'
substantial income levels have also contributed to their increased longevity.
Reference: https://altoo.io
Question 97: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Mediterranean Diet of Monaco B. Life Expectancy Around the World
C. Factors Contributing to Longevity D. The Impact of Wealth on Health
Question 98: What does the word "attributes" in the passage mostly mean?
A. considers B. owes C. ignores D. controls
Question 99: What does the word "its" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Monaco B. life expectancy C. longevity D. playground
Question 100: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to increased life expectancy worldwide?
A. vaccines B. antibiotics C. improved hygiene D. higher education levels
Question 101: According to the passage, what is a significant factor contributing to Monaco's high life expectancy?
A. Its Mediterranean diet B. Its small population size
C. Its advanced technology D. Its low pollution levels
Exercise 15. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions
Life expectancy refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live based on demographic factors,
primarily influenced by geography, genetics, lifestyle, and access to healthcare. Over the past century, life expectancy has
seen significant increases globally due to advancements in medical technology, improvements in public health, and higher
living standards. In the early 1900s, the average life expectancy was around 50 years, but today, it has risen to over 70 years
worldwide, with some countries boasting averages of over 80 years.
Several factors contribute to variations in life expectancy among different populations. Healthcare quality and
accessibility are paramount; countries with advanced healthcare systems and universal coverage tend to have higher life
expectancies. For example, Japan and Switzerland are known for their efficient healthcare systems and correspondingly high
life expectancies. In contrast, countries with limited healthcare resources often have lower life expectancies due to higher
rates of infant mortality, infectious diseases, and chronic health conditions.
Lifestyle choices also play a crucial role in determining life expectancy. Diet, exercise, smoking, and alcohol
consumption are significant factors. Populations that consume diets rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains,
such as the Mediterranean diet, often have higher life expectancies. Regular physical activity and the avoidance of smoking
and excessive alcohol consumption further contribute to longer, healthier lives.
Social and economic factors are equally important. Education, income levels, and social support networks influence
life expectancy. Higher education levels are associated with better health literacy and healthier lifestyle choices. Economic
stability allows for better access to nutritious food, healthcare, and safe living conditions. Additionally, strong social support
networks, including family and community ties, have been shown to reduce stress and contribute to overall well-being,
thereby increasing life expectancy.
Genetics also play a role, albeit a less controllable one. Family history of certain diseases can predispose individuals
to shorter lifespans, though modern medicine has made significant strides in managing hereditary conditions.
Environmental factors, such as clean air and water, also impact life expectancy. Regions with high levels of pollution
and limited access to clean water tend to have lower life expectancies due to the increased risk of respiratory and waterborne
diseases.
Reference: https://ourworldindata.org/
Question 102: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Role of Genetics in Life Expectancy B. Factors Influencing Life Expectancy
C. Advancements in Medical Technology D. The Importance of Public Health
Question 103: The word "paramount" in paragraph 2 is opposite in meaning to ______.
A. secondary B. insignificant C. crucial D. irrelevant
Question 104: What does the word "it" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. life expectancy B. medical technology C. public health D. living standards
Question 105: The word "universal" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. partial B. worldwide C. selective D. comprehensive
Question 106: According to the passage, why do countries with advanced healthcare systems tend to have higher life
expectancies?
A. They have access to more nutritious and balanced food options.
B. They experience lower rates of smoking among the population.
 C. They engage in higher rates of regular physical activity and exercise.
D. They have superior healthcare services and easier access to medical care.
Question 107: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Life expectancy has increased significantly over the past century.
B. Countries with advanced healthcare systems tend to have higher life expectancies.
C. Obesity has no impact on life expectancy.
D. Social and economic factors influence life expectancy.
Question 108: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Life expectancy is solely determined by genetics
B. Economic stability does not affect life expectancy
C. Public health advancements have increased life expectancy
D. Social support networks have no impact on life expectancy
Exercise 16. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions
Going to the gym offers numerous benefits beyond just improving physical appearance. It is a comprehensive
physical activity that combines strength training and cardio exercises, contributing to overall health and well-being.
One of the most noticeable benefits of going to the gym is the improvement in physical health. Regular exercise
strengthens the cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of heart-related diseases such as high blood pressure and stroke.
Additionally, gym workouts help build and maintain muscle mass, increase flexibility, and improve balance. Exercises like
weightlifting, squats, and planks are particularly effective in preventing osteoporosis and other bone-related issues.
Gym workouts also have a significant positive impact on mental health. During exercise, the body produces
endorphins, which are hormones that reduce stress and induce feelings of happiness. This can alleviate symptoms of mental
health conditions such as depression and anxiety. Furthermore, achieving small fitness goals can boost self-confidence and
provide a sense of personal accomplishment.
Regularly going to the gym enhances overall quality of life. Maintaining a consistent workout routine improves sleep
quality, leading to better rest and more energy throughout the day. It also promotes a healthier lifestyle by encouraging better
dietary habits and a structured daily routine. Social interactions at the gym can lead to new friendships and a supportive
community, further enhancing mental and emotional well-being.
Reference: https://www.mayoclinic.org/
Question 109: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Importance of Cardio Exercises B. Benefits of Going to the Gym
C. How to Build Muscle Mass D. Improving Mental Health through Exercise
Question 110: What does the word "comprehensive" in the first paragraph mostly mean?
A. detailed B. complete C. limited D. confusing
Question 111: What does the word "which" in the third paragraph refer to?
A. feelings B. workouts C. body D. endorphins
Question 112: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of going to the gym?
A. improving sleep quality B. reducing high blood pressure
C. increasing creativity D. building muscle mass
Question 113: According to the passage, what is a mental health benefit of going to the gym?
A. reducing symptoms of anxiety B. promoting social interactions
C. encouraging a structured routine D. improving cardiovascular health
Exercise 17. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions
Sleep is a vital component of overall health and well-being, but not everyone requires the same amount of sleep.
People generally fall into two categories: long sleepers and short sleepers. Long sleepers typically need around 9-10 hours of
sleep per night to feel fully rested, while short sleepers function well on 5-6 hours of sleep.
Long sleepers are individuals who naturally require more sleep than the average person. They often feel the need for
9-10 hours of sleep each night to maintain optimal functioning. This need for extended rest can be due to a variety of factors,
including genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and overall health. Long sleepers tend to have a slower sleep cycle, which means
they spend more time in deep sleep stages, crucial for physical and mental restoration.
In contrast, short sleepers thrive on significantly less sleep. They typically require only 5-6 hours per night and wake
up feeling refreshed and ready to take on the day. Short sleepers often have a more efficient sleep cycle, spending less time in
deep sleep stages but still managing to get sufficient rest. This efficiency allows them to function at high levels of
productivity and alertness with less sleep. Some short sleepers attribute their ability to thrive on less sleep to genetic factors
or a naturally higher level of energy and resilience. However, it is essential to note that not everyone can adopt a short
sleeper lifestyle without experiencing negative effects on health and performance.
The amount of sleep one gets significantly impacts daily life and overall health. Long sleepers often find it easier to
focus, maintain emotional balance, and perform physical tasks when they have had enough rest. They might struggle with
schedules that do not allow for their required amount of sleep, leading to fatigue and decreased productivity. On the other
hand, short sleepers can benefit from having more waking hours to engage in activities and responsibilities. Their ability to
function well on limited sleep can be advantageous in demanding careers or busy lifestyles.
Both long and short sleepers must pay attention to their sleep quality and overall health.
Reference: https://www.sleepfoundation.org
Question 114: What would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Long and Short Sleep B. Understanding Sleep Patterns
C. The Dangers of Sleep Deprivation D. Differences Between Long and Short Sleepers
Question 115: The word "vital" in the first paragraph is opposite in meaning to ________.
A. important B. unnecessary C. optional D. unbelivable
Question 116: What does the word "they" in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. physical tasks B. long sleepers C. short sleepers D. schedules
Question 117: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of short sleepers?
A. Needing only 5-6 hours of sleep per night B. Having a more efficient sleep cycle
C. Spending more time in deep sleep stages D. Waking up feeling refreshed
Question 118: Which of the following is mentioned as a benefit of being a short sleeper?
A. Higher rates of physical activity B. More waking hours for activities
C. Improved emotional balance D. Lower risk of chronic diseases
Question 119: The phrase "chronic sleep deprivation" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. temporary lack of sleep B. long-term insufficient sleep
C. occasional sleepless nights D. improved sleep patterns
Question 120: It can be inferred from the passage that
A. Everyone can easily become a short sleeper without any health risks
B. Long sleepers have a more efficient sleep cycle
C. Sleep quality is more important than sleep quantity
D. Genetics play no role in sleep patterns