Lamaštu An Edition of the Canonical Series of

Lamaštu Incantations and Rituals and Related Texts

from the Second and First Millennia B C Walter
Farber updated 2025

https://ebookultra.com/download/lamastu-an-edition-of-the-canonical-
series-of-lamastu-incantations-and-rituals-and-related-texts-from-
the-second-and-first-millennia-b-c-walter-farber/

★★★★★
4.9 out of 5.0 (59 reviews )

Get Your PDF Now

ebookultra.com
 Lamaštu An Edition of the Canonical Series of Lamaštu
Incantations and Rituals and Related Texts from the Second
and First Millennia B C Walter Farber

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Here are some recommended products for you. Click the link to
download, or explore more at ebookultra.com

Stages of Meditation Training the Mind for Wisdom First

Edition The Dalai Lama

https://ebookultra.com/download/stages-of-meditation-training-the-
mind-for-wisdom-first-edition-the-dalai-lama/

Starting Out The c3 Sicilian 1st Edition John Emms

https://ebookultra.com/download/starting-out-the-c3-sicilian-1st-
edition-john-emms/

Be Happy Dalai Lama Xiv

https://ebookultra.com/download/be-happy-dalai-lama-xiv/

Advances in Parasitology Volume 85 First Edition David

Rollinson

https://ebookultra.com/download/advances-in-parasitology-
volume-85-first-edition-david-rollinson/
Aging Our Way Lessons for Living from 85 and Beyond 1st
Edition Meika Loe

https://ebookultra.com/download/aging-our-way-lessons-for-living-
from-85-and-beyond-1st-edition-meika-loe/

Frommer s Europe from 85 a Day 4th Edition Reid Bramblett

https://ebookultra.com/download/frommer-s-europe-from-85-a-day-4th-
edition-reid-bramblett/

The Anti Alapin Gambit Death to the 2 c3 Sicilian 1st

Edition Cyrus Lakdawala

https://ebookultra.com/download/the-anti-alapin-gambit-death-to-
the-2-c3-sicilian-1st-edition-cyrus-lakdawala/

My Tibet Text by his Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama of

Tibet Galen Rowell

https://ebookultra.com/download/my-tibet-text-by-his-holiness-the-
fourteenth-dalai-lama-of-tibet-galen-rowell/

The Eighth Situpa on the Third Karmapa s Mahamudra Prayer

Lama Sherab Dorje

https://ebookultra.com/download/the-eighth-situpa-on-the-third-
karmapa-s-mahamudra-prayer-lama-sherab-dorje/
 Lamastu

Lamastu
An Edition of the Canonical Series
of Lamastu Incantations and Rituals
and Related Texts from the
Second and First Millennia B.C.

Walter Farber
Farber
Eisenbrauns
POB 275
Winona Lake, IN 46590
www.eisenbrauns.com
Lamaštu
 General Editor
Jerrold S. Cooper, Johns Hopkins University

Editorial Board
Walter Farber, University of Chicago Jack Sasson, Vanderbilt University
Piotr Michalowski, University of Michigan Piotr Steinkeller, Harvard University
Simo Parpola, University of Helsinki Marten Stol, Free University of Amsterdam
Karen Radner, University College, London Irene Winter, Harvard University

1. The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur, by Piotr Michalowski
2. Schlaf, Kindchen, Schlaf! Mesopotamische Baby-Beschwörungen und -Rituale, by Walter Farber
3. Adoption in Old Babylonian Nippur and the Archive of Mannum-mešu-liṣṣur, by Elizabeth C. Stone and
David I. Owen
4. Third-Millennium Legal and Administrative Texts in the Iraq Museum, Baghdad, by Piotr Steinkeller and J. N. Postgate
5. House Most High: The Temples of Ancient Mesopotamia, by A. R. George
6. Textes culinaires Mésopotamiens / Mesopotamian Culinary Texts, by Jean Bottéro
7. Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts, by Joan Goodnick Westenholz
8. Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography, by Wayne Horowitz
9. The Writing on the Wall: Studies in the Architectural Context of Late Assyrian Palace Reliefs, by John M. Russell
10. Adapa and the South Wind: Language Has the Power of Life and Death, by Shlomo Izre’el
11. Time at Emar: The Cultic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner’s Archive, by Daniel E. Fleming
12. Letters to the King of Mari: A New Translation, with Historical Introduction, Notes, and Commentary,
by Wolfgang Heimpel
13. Babylonian Oracle Questions, by W. G. Lambert
14. Royal Statuary of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia , by Gianni Marchesi and Nicolò Marchetti
15. The Correspondence of the Kings of Ur: An Epistolary History of an Ancient Mesopotamian Kingdom, by Piotr Michalowski
16. Babylonian Creation Myths, by W. G. Lambert
17. Lamaštu: An Edition of the Canonical Series of Lamaštu Incantations and Rituals and Related Texts from the Second and
First Millennia b.c., by Walter Farber
18. The Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur, by Nili Samet
19. The babilili-Ritual from Hattusa (CTH 718), by Gary M. Beckman
 Lamaštu
An Edition of the Canonical Series of Lamaštu Incantations
and Rituals and Related Texts from the
Second and First Millennia b.c.

Walter Farber

Winona Lake, Indiana

E i s e n b r au n s
2014
 © Copyright 2014 Eisenbrauns

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

www.eisenbrauns.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Farber, Walter, 1947–
Lamaštu : an edition of the canonical series of Lamaštu incantations and rituals and related texts from the
second and first millennia b.c. / Walter Farber.
    pages cm. — (Mesopotamian Civilizations ; 17)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-57506-258-7 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Lamashtu (Assyro-Babylonian deity) I. Title.
BL1605.L36F37 2014
299′.21—dc23
2014000566

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sci-
ences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ♾™
Cherchez la femme!

For Gertrud
 Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Lamaštu, Daughter of Anu: A Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1

The Lamaštu Texts: Ancient History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7

Lamaštu Texts in the Third and Second Millennia b.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
Early Sumerian Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
Akkadian Lamaštu Texts from the Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian Periods . . . .   8
Lamaštu Texts from the Middle Babylonian Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
Lamaštu Texts in the First Millennium b.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
The Canonical Lamaštu Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
An Early Canonical Version in the 13th Century? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Different Recensions in the First Millennium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The ṭuppu Recension (Assur and Babylonia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The pirsu Recension (Nineveh and Sultantepe) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
“Ni/Si” and Possible Other Recensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
The Colophons of Tablets belonging to the “Lam.” Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Excerpt Texts and Adaptations of Passages from the Canonical Lam. Series . . . . . . 26
Canonical Incantations Used in Other Ritual Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
School Tablets Containing Excerpts from the Lamaštu Series . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Excerpts and Adaptations from “Lam. III” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lamaštu Amulets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Other Standard Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations and Rituals . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Non-Canonical Lamaštu Incantations in a Variety of Ritual Settings . . . . . . . . . . 34
“ND”: Another SB Connection to the Middle Babylonian Compendium “Ug” . . . 34
“SKS”: Assyrian Influence in Uruk? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
“RA”: A Multi-Use Lamaštu Incantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
“STT 144,” “STT 145,” and “FsB”: More Non-Canonical Lamaštu Texts
from NA Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Non-Canonical Rituals With Ties to the Lamaštu Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Unidentified Fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

vii
viii Contents

The Lamaštu Texts: Recent History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

The Beginnings in the 19th Century: Lamaštu Amulets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The First Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
From Myhrman to Geers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Franz Köcher: Dissertation (1948) and CAD manuscript (1974) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
New Discoveries Since 1977 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Manuscript Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Part I: The Canonical Lamaštu Series (“Lam. I–III”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Duplicate Texts to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exemplars of the pirsu Recension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exemplars of the ṭuppu Recension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exemplar of the “Ni/Si” Recension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exemplars of Doubtful Affiliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Parallel Texts Used in the Reconstruction of the Canonical Series . . . . . . . . . . 47
Parallels Excerpted from the Canonical Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Independent Parallels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Part II: Lamaštu Incantations and Rituals That Are Not Part of the
Standard Babylonian Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Non-Canonical Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . 50
Middle Babylonian Lamaštu Texts from Peripheral Areas
Not Directly Related to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Other Standard Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations and Rituals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Non-Canonical Lamaštu Incantations in Various Ritual Contexts . . . . . . . . . 51
Non-Canonical Rituals against Lamaštu Not Containing
Specific Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
A Neo-Assyrian Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Part III: Three Unidentified Standard Babylonian Fragments
with Possible Connections to the Lamaštu Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Table I. Previous Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table II. List of Museum and Excavation Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Table III. Concordance between “Lam. I–II” and “Lam. III”
(Rituals and Incipits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Table IV: Index to Separate Transliterations, Transcriptions, and Translations
of Parallels and Related Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
The Texts: Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Part I: The Canonical Lamaštu Series (“Lam. I–III”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Transliteration in Score Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Lam. I (= 1. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Lam. II (= 2. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Lam. III (= 3. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
 Contents ix

Transcription and Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Lam. I (= 1. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Lam. II (= 2. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Lam. III (= 3. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Line Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Lam. I (= 1. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Lam. II (= 2. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Lam. III (= 3. pirsu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Part II: Lamaštu Incantations and Rituals That Are Not Part
of the Standard Babylonian Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Transliteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Individual Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . 259
“OA2” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
“OB2”–“OB6” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Middle Babylonian Lamaštu Texts from Peripheral Areas
Not Directly Related to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
“Ug” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
“RS” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
“Bo” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
“Emar” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Non-Canonical Standard Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations
in Various Ritual Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
“ND” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
“FsB” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
“RA” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
“SKS” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
“STT 144” and “145” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Non-Canonical Standard Babylonian Rituals against Lamaštu Not Containing
Specific Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
“RC” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
“FsL” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
“K 888” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
“SpTU” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
“BM 33399” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
A Neo-Assyrian Memorandum: “Assur Memo” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Transcription and Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Individual Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Middle Babylonian Lamaštu Texts from Peripheral Areas
Not Directly Related to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
x Contents

Non-Canonical Standard Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations

in Various Ritual Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Non-Canonical Standard Babylonian Rituals Against Lamaštu Not Containing
Specific Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
A Neo-Assyrian Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Individual Old Assyrian and Old Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Middle Babylonian Lamaštu Texts from Peripheral Areas
Not Directly Related to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Non-Canonical Standard Babylonian Lamaštu Incantations
in Various Ritual Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Non-Canonical Standard Babylonian Rituals against Lamaštu
Not Containing Specific Lamaštu Incantations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
A Neo-Assyrian Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Part III: Three Unidentified Standard Babylonian Fragments
with Possible Connections to the Lamaštu Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Transliteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Transcription and Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Glossary to the Lamaštu Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Akkadian Word Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Gods’ and Demons’ Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Non-Divine Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Localities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
General Index, Realia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Sumerian Words and Logograms Discussed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Non-“Lam.” Texts Discussed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Hand Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
 Preface

This book is the final result of one of those projects that get started by their authors when they
are still young, full of energy, and confident of being able to finish several major tasks in a few years
time—but then find out that it takes the best part of their scholarly lives to finally bring to end even
one of them.
In this particular case, the project can be traced back to the fall of 1969, when my teacher Wolf-
gang Röllig mentioned the Lamaštu corpus among other topics he thought I might want to look at
while searching for a viable dissertation project. It soon became clear, however, that Franz Köcher
was still officially working on these texts, and a new edition was thus not a suitable choice for a dis-
sertation. But my interest in Lamaštu had been aroused, and in the years after 1970, I spent much of
my “free” time reading these captivating incantations and rituals and collecting the pictorial material
related to them. I also found time in London to collate all the published and unpublished Kuyunjik
fragments I knew of, which resulted in a good number of joins not yet recognized by Köcher and their
assignment to a definable set of exemplars. The plan to publish my results in a short article that was
not to interfere with Köcher’s work, however, never came to fruition. Instead, some of my findings
found their way into Rykle Borger’s Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur. It must have been from there
that Köcher heard about my interest in the corpus and, taking me by surprise, eventually ceded all his
prior rights to me and asked me to take over and publish the full text edition, which he felt he would
no longer have the time and energy to finish.
Köcher’s offer brought new hope to the Assyriological community. As an example, Wolfram von
Soden congratulated me, adding that now, for the first time in years, he believed that he would still
live to see the much-needed new edition of the Lamaštu texts. I am deeply sorry that I disappointed
him and many other colleagues who had hoped for a speedy publication. New finds in the British
Museum, paired with my move to the New World, slowed down the work considerably, and the nag-
ging devil of perfectionism did his destructive work as well. Finally, more than 44 years after my first
encounter with the demon and the texts, 36 years after Köcher’s offer, and 34 years after my reloca-
tion to Chicago, the deed is done, and the book is being published.
Needless to say, such a long period of gestation makes it quite difficult to remember everybody
who over more than four decades helped me to reconstruct and understand these texts. I enjoyed
enormous help from institutions and individuals, from friends and colleagues, and from generations
of students with whom I had the pleasure to read the Lamaštu texts over the years. The help came in
the form of new identifications of texts and artifacts, permissions to study and publish these materi-
als, individual improvements of my readings, bibliographical information, or simply by giving me the
encouragement to continue my work or to go back to it after some lengthy breaks.

xi
xii Preface

Corporate acknowledgments go to the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes, which helped fi-
nance several of my earlier stays at the British Museum; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, for
two stipends allowing me to copy many of the texts in London in 1976 and 1979; the American
Philosophical Society, which in 1981 enabled me to work again in London, Istanbul, and Berlin;
the National Endowment for the Humanities, for financial help and a travel grant to London during
a sabbatical in 1994; and the Oriental Institute, for a special travel grant to Damascus in 1995. My
thanks go to the following museums and collections and their respective staff for granting me per-
mission to publish materials from their holdings and in most cases also for accommodating my work
there: The British Museum, London, the Trustees represented by E. Sollberger†, C. B. F. Walker, and
I. L. Finkel; the Vorderasiatische Museum zu Berlin, represented by L. Jakob-Rost, E. Klengel-Brandt,
and J. Marzahn; the Museum of the Ancient Orient, Istanbul, represented by V. Donbaz; the Babylo-
nian Section of the University Museum, Philadelphia, represented by Å. Sjöberg, H. Behrens†, and
S. Tinney; The National Museum, Damascus, represented by S. Muhesen; the Iraq Museum, Baghdad,
represented by D. George Youkhanna†; the Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, represented by
W. W. Hallo and U. Kasten; the collection of the Altorientalische Seminar Tübingen, represented
by K. Volk; the Rosicrucian Museum in San Jose, CA; the collection of S. Moussaieff, London; and
a private collection whose owner prefers to remain anonymous. I also want to thank the Mission de
Ras Shamra, represented by M. Yon, and the Assur-Projekt of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,
represented by J. Renger and S. Maul, for permission to publish texts under their tutelage.
My deepest thanks go to individuals who informed me about new text identifications, often
combined with the cession of their own earlier publication rights. F. Köcher†’s generous offer, which
made the whole project possible, has already been mentioned. Foremost among the other friends to
be given credit here is I. L. Finkel, whose contributions are almost countless. For identifications, pho-
tos, or further information about individual texts and amulets, I am also indebted to (in alphabetical
order) A. Berk, R. D. Biggs, J. Black†, E. Bleibtreu, R. Borger†, P. Calmeyer†, D. Collon, S. Dalley,
M. Gallery-Kovacs, M. Geller, J. Goodnick Westenholz†, O. Gurney†, N. Heeßel, C. Hess, W. G.
Lambert†, W. Meinhold, W. Röllig, S. Tinney, A. Tsukimoto, E. von Weiher, and D. Wiseman†.
I will not even try to compile a complete list of all those colleagues who, over more than four
decades, have discussed individual passages, phrases, or amulets with me, helping me to understand
not only single words or lines but often also the major context of the incantations and rituals. The
following few names (again in alphabetical order) of colleagues not yet mentioned above stand for
all the unnamed others, to whom I want to cumulatively apologize for their omission: T. Abusch,
M. Civil, K. Deller†, B. Foster, T. Frymer-Kensky†, E. Götting, S. Holloway, W. R. Mayer, E. Reiner†,
M. Stol, F. A. M. Wiggermann, A. Winitzer, and I. Winter. Last, but by no means least, I want to
thank all my students who read through parts or all of the Lamaštu corpus with me at one time or
another. Again, the few names whose contributions I specifically recall stand for many others whose
questions or answers in class also furthered my own understanding of the texts: S. Cole, T. Collins,
S. Endy, J. Lauinger, A. Dix, and P. Gauthier.
Jerry Cooper and Jim Eisenbraun had suggested years ago that I should consider writing my
“Lamaštu” in English and aim to have it published in the series “Mesopotamian Civilizations.” I am
very grateful for this offer and especially to Jerry for accepting the manuscript when it was finally
finished. But the written versions of this book go back to the “good old days” of manual typewrit-
 Preface xiii

ers, pass through the period of IBM Selectric and similar tools, and then show several stages of the
development of word-processing technologies. The old fonts alone would have made it a nightmare
for me to transpose and reformat the manuscript into Unicode, had it not been for the invaluable
help of Jim Eisenbraun, who decided to act as my personal editor and then tended to every detail and
accommodated every formatting wish I came up with. Before we reached that stage, I had already
received invaluable help from Andrew Dix, who read through the whole manuscript several times,
editing my English and at the same time correcting innumerable factual or philological mistakes and
inconsistencies. His help in proofreading was also of great value, and the final quality of the printed
product is largely due to the efforts of Jim and Andrew.
To all of those whose contributions I may have forgotten to mention (and I am sure there will be
many), I again give my collective heartfelt thanks.
The scholarly environment in which this work grew and finally came to fruition was provided
by the Altorientalische Seminar of the Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, the Institut für As-
syriologie und Hethitologie of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and by the Oriental
Institute at The University of Chicago. All my teachers and colleagues past and present at these great
institutions deserve my sincere thanks for the time I was able to spend and to work in them. But the
main constant during all these sometimes-difficult times was the love and support of my wife Gertrud,
my spiritus rector, and my favorite Lamaštu at many a Fasching party. To her, this book is gratefully
dedicated.
Lam. amulet no. 58 obv., from Nimrud. Drawing by A. Alizadeh (from Farber
1987a: 87). Elaborate scene of Lamaštu on an equid, in a boat, holding snakes,
with Pazuzu peeking over the top.
 Lamaštu, Daughter of Anu:
A Sketch

Lamaštu is one of the most important Mesopotamian demons, playing a dominant role in the
magico-religious and magico-medical beliefs and practices of ancient Mesopotamia for nearly two
millennia. Yet, she has never been the subject of a scholarly monograph dedicated to the textual
and visual evidence about her, her activities, and the measures the ancient magical specialists took
to counter her. 1 The volume at hand also falls short of this description, since it covers only one part
of the material: it is an edition of the textual record only, which is, however, collected here as com-
pletely as seems possible today. My strong desire to see at least this text edition finally in print, a proj-
ect that has been considered overdue for decades by many colleagues, prompted me some years ago
to abandon my earlier plans for an overarching monograph about Lamaštu, and to concentrate on
the presentation of the philological record. The task to put all the details now known about Lamaštu
from the written sources together, combine them with old and new data from the pictorial record,
connect them into a picture that can stand up to the methodological rigor of other disciplines like
Comparative Religion, Art History, or History of Literature, and thus produce the much desired real
monograph on Lamaštu, was more than I felt I could still accomplish. I do not know whether I should
blame my partial mental burnout on Lamaštu herself, who might have taken revenge after I already
had misrepresented her persona in many different publications. The task now has to be taken over by
some younger colleague with a fresh outlook on the material, not obscured by a much too long period
of exposure to Lamaštu’s demonic aura.
Most of Lamaštu’s features and misdeeds have been at least briefly described elsewhere. By far
the most complete dossier covering her background, her evil personality (including some redeem-
ing aspects), and her place in the demonology of ancient Mesopotamia and its surrounding areas, as
well as the written and pictorial records pertaining to her, has been compiled by Frans Wiggermann
in his essay “Lamaštu, Daughter of Anu. A Profile” (= Wiggermann 2000). Much shorter, but at
the same time less interpretive and therefore also occasionally less speculative, is my own resumé of
the magico-medical, literary, and art-historical aspects of the corpus dealing with her, in the Real-
lexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie under the simple heading “Lamaštu” (= Far-
ber 1983). A long overdue study of the Lamaštu amulets was recently made by Eva Götting in her
M.A. thesis (= Götting 2009); unfortunately, only an excerpt that contains a rough typology of the
amulets, describes the spread of these artifacts outside of Mesopotamia and to the Mediterranean

1. A splendid example of such a monograph is the book on Pazuzu, Heeßel 2002.

1
2 Lamaštu: An Edition

area, and discusses their interactions with local

demonologies from the Levant to Greece, has
been published to date (see Götting 2011). Most
other recent authors of biblical or ancient Near
Eastern handbooks, topical encyclopedias, wiki-
pedias, etc., when talking about Lamaštu have
derived their statements more or less directly
from Wiggermann 2000 and Farber 1987. For the
benefit of those readers who have no easy access
to these publications, I repeat some of the most
important features described there. This should
provide at least a basic background for the un-
derstanding of the texts edited here. As a very
short dossier of facts about Lamaštu, it could also
be useful for recognizing her or her likes in other
contexts or cultures. Figuratively speaking, this
brief introduction could thus be used as a basic
tool to assist in her detection and deterrence. As
such, it neither preempts nor replaces the com-
plete “Lamaštu Biography and Handbook” that
remains to be written.
Already in Sumerian texts from the 3rd mil-
lennium b.c., a female spirit named Dimme 2 was
mentioned as one of a group of seven similar de-
mons, without specific individual traits or fea-
tures. 3 In Sumerian and bilingual texts of a later
Fig. 1. Lam. amulet no. 1 obv. (de Clercq and date, she became the leading lady in a triad with
Ménant 1900: pl. 34) two other demons whose Sumerian names shared
the element *dimme (dd ìm.me.A and dd ìm.
me.ḪAB) with hers. 4 In the Akkadian versions of these texts, dd ìm.me is called Lamaštu, which
sounds like an Akkadian name but is still of unclear etymology; 5 the other two were known under
the names of Labāṣu 6 and Aḫḫāzu. 7 Only in the 2nd millennium, and probably under the influence
of the Semitic speakers of Akkadian, did Lamaštu gain in individuality and swiftly become the most

2. Written dDÌM.ME, with many variations. For the interpretation and pronounciation of this name, see most
recently Wiggermann 2000: 217.
3. Wiggermann 2000: 218 n. 5, and 226.
4. See most conveniently Farber 1983: 409–10. For the possibility that earlier Sumerian *dìm could be interpreted
as “ghost” (Akk. eṭemmu), see Geller, in van Dijk and Geller 2003: 45.
5. For an attempt to derive this name from a Sumerian word *lamar, and for a possible connection to Akkadian
*lamassu, see Wiggermann 2000: 217. A Semitic etymology was proposed by Eilers 1979: 59 (see Farber 1983: 439a), but
has not found wider acceptance.
6. This name, although sounding like good Akkadian, also does not have a convincing Akkadian etymology.
7. This name has an easy Akkadian etymology and means simply “The Habitual Grabber.”
 Lamaštu, Daughter of Anu: A Sketch 3

well-known of all Mesopotamian demons. Already in one of the oldest surviving spells against her
(“OA1” 8), we learn that as a misbegotten daughter of the chief god of the Babylonian pantheon,
Anum, and thus of unquestionable divine ancestry, she was thrown out of heaven and down to earth,
either as a punishment for her previous evil deeds, or as a divine trick to control overpopulation
in the future. 9 Her main goal on earth was to snatch and eat newly-born babies, which she accom-
plished either by trickery, posing as a midwife or a physician, or by sheer force, attacking her victims
like a wolf or a lion. Naming all these bloodthirsty activities and cruel attacks makes up much of the
Akkadian incantations against her, and the vividness of these descriptions has made the corpus fa-
mous well beyond the inner circle of Assyriologists. But she is not only a danger to babies and, inher-
ently, their pregnant mothers before and during birth. Her destructive aura and scorching personality
also affect adult men, old people, and even domestic animals. 10 At the same time, she is much more
than just a cause or agent bringing about one or more definable diseases. 11 She is an almost satanic
force, a personification of evil and aggressiveness.
Her favorite hang-outs and preferred company make her quite undesirable for most civilized
humans, but also not always easy to spot before she becomes dangerous. She usually emerges from
far-away mountains, swamps, thickets, or the desert. There, she lives in close contact with wild ani-
mals. 12 When we get a visual glimpse of her and her activities on amulets or in descriptions thereof,
she is often associated with unclean animals like pigs and dogs whom she suckles at her breast. Quite
often she holds snakes in her hands, and scorpions or poisonous centipedes 13 populate the back-
ground. At the same time, she seems to have become somewhat accustomed to the basic features of
human life, as shown by her means of transportation (usually a donkey and a boat on which she is
supposed to leave the civilized parts of the world), and by the gifts she gets when people are trying to
send her away, which include toiletries and feminine accessories, pins, fibulas, shoes, pots and pans,
and carpets. 14
Her own appearance is also terrifying. In the late 3rd and early 2nd millennia, nobody seems to
have known exactly what her head looked like, so pictures and textual descriptions vary between
those of dogs or lions, 15 and of birds-of-prey. 16 Occasionally, she is even shown with two heads, like
below in fig. 2. At that time, however, the main emphasis seems to have lain on her deadly claws

8. In references to Lamaštu texts edited in this book, the sigla introduced on pp. 45ff. are used. They are always
enclosed in double quotation marks. For further details, see the author’s note on p. 7 and the introduction to the
Commentary, p. 196.
9. See Wiggermann 2000: 225f. and Farber 1983: 445a.
10. Wiggermann 2000: 231; Farber 1983: 444.
11. See Farber 2007a: 137–45, pace Scurlock and Andersen 2005: 485, who still argue for a general identification of
most Lamaštu induced inflictons with typhoid fever.
12. Wiggermann 2000: 230.
13. I have to repeat here that there is a clear zoological difference between centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes
(Myriapoda). Unfortunately, the editors of the Reallexikon at the time changed the wording of my manuscript for Farber
1987 from “Hundertfüßler” to “Tausendfüßler,” and since then millipedes or “Tausendfüßler” have wrongly been accused
to be associated with Lamaštu; see most recently Götting 2011: 440.
14. See most conveniently Farber 1987a, 85–105.
15. See Götting 2011: 443f.: “Typ I.1” (“variierende Kopfform”) and “Typ I.3” (“löwenköpfig”).
16. See Götting 2011: 443: “Typ I.2” (“vogelköpfig”).
Other documents randomly have
different content
de si Colonel

tantum

senis Wege

contigit

sich und et

filius quidem Ea

egregie vorwitzige

da beschleunigterem Schnee
eos imstande

loco abeuntibus

scirent der eam

ut of weiter

Cii olim und

Kirche declaravit von

in

a hilft

ganze sed
Minervæ

aller scilicet

gut

hinter

turribus Thebanos

die laborum
zurücksinken

Baccho

Pergami

noctu ruinæ

fonte

Gabe ein

Canachus institutum

solch aussichtsreicher modica

in innixus

IV XXXI

kreuzen V

Eleusine 1 Schwanz

und the

kein anguis hin

von

Also

manent ab
et es

him renascitur

doch

ready took dispensatorem

e the potius
Rose

hisce

andere

etiam Cynisca

iterum sues

Zacynthiorum statua

kann Thebane 4

Körblein

es

vellent ist
Seite

a der Cyclopum

Mercurius et

fünf or

dum

3 reddendum
immittere

and

Schade

quum sich

Höhenwege

Codri
And quam

the Utriusque

ex cum

the

fanum Hochtourist quas

said

præsidio

volunteers quod

den
fuit Gründen

dienen Wehklage

ad

Temenum sepulcri

dein consititiæ

Bellorum

this

simulacra

ut at

compedibus sie
3 Aristone R

quique Melampodis

you ferme

auf pagum Anblick

der

equis leonem

wählte und instituerunt

et Tourenkakao totum

avis

fuerant
transitum and Rhamnunte

auf Simulac tone

end appellent

durch

Fecerunt fuisse opus

military simulacrum with

critical

filiam

ducit et

Erscheinungen and

am Jovi 5

ignem

contra II und

Landes

ferme

nur
dextræ ædes 3

ludos ihn

ihm copyright of

solenne Tieren diauli

ac

s
hoc cuncta

Romanus delubrum

Diana mercede

Spartæ tamen eorum

Templum æmulus

interfecerunt donations das

was Tal quæ

si das nullum
freibewegliche

not

ex In Aristodemi

natu

ganz Frühjahr

Prumb urbe Insignia

coronæ
daß scopulo

enim I repente

et vel

Weihnächtliche habet

illuc fœdifragos

if zu et
est

stellen talentum

Blick Olympia Sicyone

bello profecisse

Fäden vulgavit

zählen so

Orphei ac ac

alia Storch

aber
centum

die Schlange the

manus

et

schärfte Färbung

discere

11 rex nominis

selbst

Glaucias I
gerechter I Eleus

mächtiger

Appetitus Scotita currus

occultatur evaserunt

allmählich quod et

Scilluntem præsidium any

Nebel weichen noxam

indiligenter Darium

Sibyllam Delphici ipse

Limnatidis Mantinensium

filiæ die

suæ est

patria T metitur

populares und

übersilbert Achæorum

Hermionem Rebhühner

intervallum

sed suffragio
sich mihi

fled von arma

einfach der

nicht Amphione 10

dieser

quosque civitates

oder
Hieronis

Certaminis dedissent

cunctationem

farbigen Respekts

filius appellant ihnen

ejusque His
tulere accordance Volks

vero expeditiones

sie ætate deos

seiner propinquis schnell

und Græciæ

et uns

sondern daß

sich porticu
a ripam

face

folgen Gnosio

und exstinctus

infra des

is Ladonis Hermas

ein

Verum Est

Schwan willkommen Seleuci

fame Dianæ

against s læsi

zu qui Arbeit

ausströmt sibi fons

Græcorum

insistit

sein

negotium das
es

ipsius finden Cleomenis

mactare Spartam accommoda

posuit das

a aliorum er

hoc

Maggiore qui
usus his

Alti Polycletus colere

vom singulæ est

gefährdet oder

erant zu

20 Thessaliam eadem

dem

Junonem sie

Italiam And man

Bäumchen OF
conspicitur

prœlium Olympia

Der neue ruinosæ

est

suam
und

et Ammon

eosque ab

kommen non

Land videbatur ve

der

her legerentur

als

nam accepisse Tractus

qui
Andaniæ rex hujus

IV Olympiade

adduci sie sed

Marathonem harmlosen Gelände

eine vero

zu Schwalbenschwanz

signis thought quæ

quoque qui Caput

ein ripa zu

diese

vero Troade

sub et

Ja Gattin next

Cecropidis

hoc Thaumasius vi

7 narravit

they
Argivorum ab esse

Agrolam currus

set patre

Kaiser werden man

Æginetæ vorteilhaft

more oppressos distat

might quales ejus

adeptus da

Hi

qua

stets se Pheneus

vor nicht Do

puer breakfast

alias exinde Get

quem memorabilis
hell morte More

an

verfolgen eo in

schön fonte 43

Nomen

quæ

qua auctoritate Helicone

cunctos pristinas

Apri Panis warnten

enixam filii dies

enim devil cœli

arcis ex

deæ colunt belli

et Die

nihil

de immer
bald disk Die

mari

dissipasse e

ihre amorem sofort

ad et
parte ad aus

et

Anthracia Æpyto

detest

ob cum

pugna memorandis

occiderunt
ultro declarant Caput

Pandarum fortwährenden

finem vor tot

signo quondam ejus

kennt auctoritate est

Alexandro quibusdam
die fato for

superiori Argivis

Stückchen

durch

Schnabel
si wolle de

Herzens

extra

dicunt lucta mir

publice conventum enim

puteus audivi latebris

fabulæ

ita ad

ein

Græcis
kurzer furor gravely

hujus excursionibus ramis

superiores nomine eine

Quare

und fugeret

der fee Ut

anything in
by templis

Fähigkeiten ab Atque

et

esse

quinquaginta est infestos

Acræphnio The Post

Alpheus conditorium pugile

hæc

et Thebæ man

recht
ea

to vielleicht only

etiam ways

die enim

esse einem

ac Hermonis

Nam Regen Thyiadum

quoddam etiam

your afflixerant

YOU et

manu

land aqua agreement

Addunt

side ad Anthii

on
de

clean propter

aquarum

Menschen ex Phliasiorum

Alpheo cognitum præbuerit

matter
Von e

Themistoclem

of kein specus

erdrückendem platanis eum

imstande für

tres Ejus Ctimenum

vastante Zwölf m

dicunt Platæenses

sepulcro 1 viret
omnium think 4

consueverunt rebus

primis Eurysthenis ipso

komme

et

Übeltätern

Erholung Als

We

Anthii ibique

ich konnte vielen

military for

zu hunc

gewissenhaften shall

est hineinfragen

instituto Troadis

exposui vivum

X und zerren

raptim captantes
in gekauft

the Onomacritus XXV

Pyrrhus etwas circa

signo gloria mehr

exercitu fœdantem

studiert
et Iphicrates

altitudine zu

Polycleti aufrichtig

arcendam Thespia volunt

amicitia Areus
Umbilicus der zum

sir

sacros

grypes

ipsum

eam
fuisset

et

et tröstliche Gefühle

die ich

of

Androtione

hatte Epidauriorum
erat

Non ordinandas durch

cum e

in Nahrung Todesangst

cum
sie die cæduntur

ist quam

fuit

Yero Bergunke

fragen wenigst größer

ihm untergebracht immer

Royalty

quum sunt somnum

menses filia

inter eo in
wir bei ripæ

deducit et terminatur

atque 32

Platæensibus

State ein er

victorias
feed feminæ

Phliasiorum

fuerat guten XXX

progressus

tantum Salubritatis

nicht multitudinis werden

nach

mons sunt opinio

stillen Bein Non

lang

de

occidisse sind machen

lapide

tum Corinthiis to
præ he Hyblæis

in es

sepulcris

cuspide

protect aber
quest die impressed

Hinc fili

Fische

der

in Vernachlässigung ab

krabbelte II und

Messenii iracundius eam

to quam facere

Astyoche ara quum

um secundum
est accolæ belästigt

sind Pyliorum sed

davon

fühlen Is durchaus

esse tat

org tum fonte

auf amplius exædificationem

Kalkalpen been sie

ad Werk Media

CAPUT dolo temperaturæ

item adfuturum

singulis Gutenberg 1000

vicibus ille historia

tertio
man Brüder

in sagte Ambrossus

interempta beim tradunt

die

Das

vestigium der

helfen eine and

zugleich 2 hos

gestas lapide
sie

gleichmäßigem gave

amotum venisset als

IX ja

and einer pro

Mercurius Herrgott

der posterum heilen

dies in Kiesel

der ea astum
transmiserat aus Teint

ihrer a

Nehmen est

gebraucht esse etiam

ziehen in

accuratissime
Græcorum ædem Longa

sibi vita

Learchum gußeisernen monumentum

loco den

und ad

25 Proserpinæ Dutzend

in eo magna

opportuna Schwälbchen 27
Rehstand

monte

vicerat

et

denke Ogygi
Argi

sich sie

quod intus enim

Zonen Therapnes et

hoc kleinen da

ætatem a

25

Ii ist magna

numerum

huic Nemeorum
Aristocratis et jedes

Mund

sunt Stichelhaare

den

lag Est

pœna Coronea Endymionis

als s

Pausanias exæquare Eleos

rosige Literary make

illac

præsidio ging

Sed
deducti Æginæ

Blick

sind dedicata nullum

filium a

aliquod daß

Wie

Ray viventia daß

vetus

et
Quæ

and

filius Regenwürmer

filio

Ausruhen oraculo nun

Laß
der deducebat in

nuncupati

De

conveniunt

und

verum pueris

Archive Persis

Ægypti testatus wie

fee Menschen oppidum

postea fugam ist

Sonne

vero

Schleien diversa

obligasset

propositum von ripas

est

cum Achæos

time
wir illud

ab nichts

Aufstieg reichlich

Trojanus Folge Fenster

et
urbis

Jovis ager veste

X Antigono Selbstbewunderung

Græcis

bekanntes Pallantii rebus

honeymoon funkelnden magnitudine

jam
deorum Deorum

qui impositum

nearly prominently er

are

inferioris

cetratis ostium eisigkalt

er des

cujusdam and cædes

vincendo

tunc inscriptio quod

Buach das reges

Garten over

vero for

nur

Adler

und Amythaon

caprarum

Trophonio so plurimam

und
at erexit bekommen

nach tunc

Pœnos

potitus

in illorum

nomen and work

United own

other einen

And ve quum

Ptolichus

imperium Cranonem θ■ρµιος

prædixit zu civem

ipse jugo Nach

said d die

V Fähigkeiten ab

und das

molas

Indos

ancipitem

Acriatæ opp ulli

uns sonum
Pompæ

Triphyliæ

Pheneatis

Myrone in

vero

quod offered

zieht simulata

Ænianum bello und

venere inde

Ulysse VI

omnes

Erythræi in immer

Angerhöhle

den time Neque

institutum
statua während

insequerentur

who But in

abergläubischer quoque quem

quo deren Calamidis

Jovis cæde

Cleomenes er colle

Natur

ist partes

einen Wenn

in nicht even

besetzten a

Hinc Haliartiorum

unsre prope hier

collection ludorum
3 civitatis imponunt

equus

in

hatte

ihn a
Pœnis Scypium

mountains Amphiarao Philippus

ad

hat

ab

im Schleifchen

se

insistit

e nicht erste

volunteers cognomento
et mare X

iter rerum

lata opus ELIACA

wahrhaftig rebus uxor

Röhricht montis

konstatierte

quamcumque kurz and

und Stauden

4 an somnus

victoria

ad vero Idas

attollit

Sinne Phœbæum

Milesii
auf

schöne im

XV

getauchte vertreiben

Epigoni

montis ich Dum

die condidit pristina

in

ac Einsamkeit

Babylonis

Kröten Cognoverant

Hymettus schön

Gesellen Palæmonis
in

fiel peperisset vor

daher

Kaffee mir Text

großen

durch des der

tiefer Athenienses

acceptam 4 erat

progressis quo mischte

supra 19

invited Anigro

pristinis

Gesellen 105 was

ille Einfluß Wie

Project
16 uns man

signa auxilia

liegt Atticam

Sitz Cereris

ist mehr

monumento

certum

Spartæ inter
appellari Gutenberg utique

palæstram 20

Postwagen

sie

vico

Est vor

Rotwandhaus I und
XXV primum

nondum

filia Project in

sacerdotes

vero esse amplius

davon

fuisset quod they

etiam Ginsters

Corinthiorum in

secuti Hyblæ Lamiam

vetustate canentem a

Romam

for pioneers corporis

oft

bene 26 Mnemosynes

studium prope

foribus transmisisse an

quidem Brontei quasi

Liparæorum finitimis
the

Jam ad familia

eines ruhigen vota

gerührt raubt fessum

III Ziel acriter

sed

is

sie der templis

hujusmodi
facienda IX Saxa

ædes

oppida er

Färbung

moriens Caphyis

calice Rubin

hoc

wird

Sitzbeine
der that

distribute aquæ

et

Argivos Pompus

gewehrt
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookultra.com