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Learn Google™

Michael Busby

Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Busby, Michael.
Learn Google / by Michael Busby.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-55622-038-3 (pbk.)
1. Google. 2. Web search engines. I. Title.
TK5105.885.G66B87 2003
025.04—dc22 2003019756
CIP

© 2004, Wordware Publishing, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

2320 Los Rios Boulevard

Plano, Texas 75074

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means

without permission in writing from Wordware Publishing, Inc.

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 1-55622-038-3

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0310

Google is a trademark of Google Inc.

All screen shots used in this book copyright 2003 Google Inc.
All brand names and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their
respective companies. Any omission or misuse (of any kind) of service marks or trademarks should not
be regarded as intent to infringe on the property of others. The publisher recognizes and respects all
marks used by companies, manufacturers, and developers as a means to distinguish their products.
This book is sold as is, without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, respecting the contents
of this book and any disks or programs that may accompany it, including but not limited to implied
warranties for the book’s quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose.
Neither Wordware Publishing, Inc. nor its dealers or distributors shall be liable to the purchaser or any
other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to have been
caused directly or indirectly by this book.

All inquiries for volume purchases of this book should be addressed to Wordware
Publishing, Inc., at the above address. Telephone inquiries may be made by calling:
(972) 423-0090
Dedication

For Shane, Drew, and Stuart Busby.

iii
This page intentionally left blank.
Contents

Preface: Searching for and Finding the Golden Fleece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Chapter 1 All about Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
What Do We Search For? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
How Much Do We Search? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Why Search? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
What Is the Web? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
What Is a Web Page? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
What Is a Search Engine? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Search Engine History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Robots, Spiders, and Metacrawlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Relevancy Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
How Does a Search Engine Work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Issues Searching the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Search Integrity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Race to Be Number One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
What Is Google? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
How Google Ranks Its Search Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
How Is Google Getting Better? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The Next Generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Chapter 2 Google Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Google Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Froogle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Google Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Google Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Google Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Google Image Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
The Hard (Google) Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The Wrong (Bright Spark) Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
The Easy (My) Way … That Works! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Google Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Google News Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Google Compute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

v
Contents

Google Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Google WebQuotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Google Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Google Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Google Voice Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Google News. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Google Special Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Google University Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Google Web Directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Google Web Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Wireless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Chapter 3 Google Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Interface Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Search Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
SafeSearch Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Number of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Results Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Save Preferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Chapter 4 Basic Google Search Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
The Quote (") Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
The Arithmetic (+, –) Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Boolean Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Complex Boolean Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Search Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Chapter 5 Advanced Google Search Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Advanced Search Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Find Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Occurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Language Tools and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

vi
 Contents

Google in Your Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Searching for Hilux: A Real-life Search Example . . . . . . . . 169
SafeSearch Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Similar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Topic-Specific Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Chapter 6 Advanced Alternate Query Search Operators. . . . . . . 181
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Advanced Alternate Query Search Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
cache: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
link: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
related: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
info: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
stock: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
site: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
allintitle: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
intitle: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
allinurl: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
inurl: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Chapter 7 Advanced Image Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Advanced Image Search. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Find Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Related to All of the Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Related to the Exact Phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Related to Any of the Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Not Related to the Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Filetypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Coloration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
SafeSearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Chapter 8 The Google Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Google Toolbar Privacy Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Toolbar Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Toolbar Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

vii
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Contents

Drag-and-Drop Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Right-click Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Toolbar Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Google Toolbar Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Google Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Search Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
PageRank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Page Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Highlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Toolbar Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Google Home Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Web Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google News . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Google Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Advanced Search Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Search Preferences Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Language Tools Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Toolbar Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
General Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Search Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Search Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Advanced Features Are ENABLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Page Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Finding Words within a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Google Compute Is ENABLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Experimental Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Default Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Clear Search History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Privacy Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
About Google Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Contact Us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Uninstall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Toolbar Version 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

viii
 Contents

Chapter 9 Other Google Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Google Help Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Google Site Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
All About Google . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
General FAQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Saving Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Accepting Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Accepting Cookies from Specific Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Setting Google as Your Default Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Netscape 4.0 to 6.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
America Online. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Setting Google as Your Default Search Engine . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Netscape Communicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Windows Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Macintosh Operating System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
UNIX Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Internet Explorer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Windows Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Macintosh Operating System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Mozilla/Netscape 6 Search Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
IE QuickSearch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Macintosh OS X Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Additional Google Web Search Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Dictionary Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
I’m Feeling Lucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
PhoneBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Spell Checker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Street Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Special Tricks and Treats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Double Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Right-Click . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Miscellaneous Google Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Web APIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Webmaster’s Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Submit Your URL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Advertising Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Organizing Your Google Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Your Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
The Search Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

ix
Contents

Chapter 10 Searching Newsgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Google Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Posting to Google Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Removing Your Post. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Afterword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

x
Preface: Searching for and Finding the
Golden Fleece

In the mythological account Jason and the Argonauts, Jason and his
heroic pals must sail the seas searching for the Golden Fleece.
Jason must return to his homeland with the fleece in order to
reclaim his rightful position as king of Iolcus. In his quest, he
encounters challenges of every description that he must overcome
by shrewd thinking and more than a little help from the gods.
Finally, he finds the Golden Fleece, guarded by a horrific dragon, in
the kingdom of King Aeetes, king of Colchis. With the help of King
Aeetes’ daughter, Medea, he makes off with the Golden Fleece and
triumphantly returns to Iolcus to claim his birthright.
Sometimes, when I have a particularly difficult time trying to find
some nugget of information on the Internet, I recall the story of
Jason and how he did not yield to seemingly insurmountable obsta-
cles. Always at the right moment, Jason achieved the specific
objective required to pass on to the next step or phase of his quest
because he did not quit. So it seems, too, that I ultimately prevail in
my quest for information by perseverance and determination. Of
course, Jason had help from the gods on occasion in the form of
divine intervention. It is not likely that we will find help in the form
of a (handsome) Greek god or (beautiful) goddess (shucky darn!) in
our search for information on the Internet. But, like Jason, if we
don’t quit and we have a little help from a good book with useful
information, then we will find our golden fleece (of information) too.
This book addresses two perspectives involving a web search. The
first perspective is that of the user. There are an estimated 300 mil-
lion web searches performed each day. While each user may
perform two or three searches per day, that is still a lot of users.
Most users do not know how to use the full array of search tools
available to them. Because the tools are not fully utilized, searching

xi
Preface

becomes a chore often filled with a sense of frustration. When the

proper search tools are used, searching becomes a pleasure.
The second perspective is that of the web page designer. Every
web designer wants the ranking of the web page in the search
results to be as close to the coveted number one position as possi-
ble. How do you design a web page so the page’s position in a
search is in the top 30 or 40 results returned by the web search
engine? You must understand why and how people search and how
search engines rank pages. Simply put, the two perspectives are:
n How do you make your “golden fleece” visible to the world?
n How do you find your “golden fleece”?
Just like the mythical tale of Jason and the Argonauts, searching for
your golden fleece (or nugget, as I refer to a search result through-
out the book) of information on the web can be a long, tedious, and
sometimes hazardous journey, fraught with unknown pitfalls. This
book provides a clearly defined path for your quest that will lead
you to the “golden fleece.” Before we begin that quest, let’s con-
sider where we will be questing and why go on the quest at all. Our
quest will take us through the electronic wilderness known as the
Internet.
In recent years, there have been numerous comparisons of the
Internet and its associated World Wide Web with a library. It
seemed to make sense, as both places are repositories of informa-
tion. But two authors of a recent book about Google make the
astounding claim that the Internet and its associated web are not a
library! They advance the claim based upon their belief that the
Internet lacks:
n A central source for resource information
n A paid staff dutifully indexing new material as it comes in
n A well-understood and rigorously adhered-to ontology
They go on to say, “Thinking of the Internet as a library can be mis-
leading.” For sure, the Internet does not represent a brick and
mortar building located in a downtown metropolitan area where no
one in their right mind would be caught after dark. But the general

xii
 Preface

meaning of a library does not necessarily fit within the confines of

someone’s rigid definition. In a broad sense, a library is just a
source of information. While we associated brick and mortar build-
ings with the term “library” in the twentieth century, we will come
more and more to associate the term with the Internet (or at least
certain portions of the Internet) in the twenty-first century. Why?
Why not?
There really is no compelling reason to continue producing paper-
based books other than it is in the vested interest of several indus-
tries to chop down trees, make pulp paper, and have printed matter.
The publishing industry is beginning to recognize the power and
impact of electronic publishing, and they will move, probably slowly,
toward an all-electronic product. Eventually, paper-based books will
become collector’s items of a bygone era. But there is much more
information in the world than what is offered by the (book) publish-
ing industry.
There will probably be brick and mortar libraries around for some
time to come, as the older members of the current generation are
accustomed to visiting a library and checking out books. But, as the
younger generation today moves toward retirement, fewer people
will be comforted with a visit to a library. Instead, they will access
all of their information needs via the computer and Internet. I am a
research-intensive individual, yet I find little need to visit a library
anymore. The Internet will become, if it is not already, the world’s
leading source of information, making it a twenty-first century
library in my book (pun intended).
Information is power. Power is survival in a competitive environ-
ment that is increasingly hostile, as the world’s burgeoning
population struggles for fewer and fewer resources. The easy
access to information that a computer and the Internet provide to a
knowledgeable person in the privacy of his or her own home or
office is awesome. But the access is “easy” only if you know how to
find your golden fleece. This book is essentially a road map that
leads you to your search objectives, making access to information
easy for you in the truest sense of the word.

xiii
Preface

I know that everything you read or see on the Internet is not true.
The same can be said for newspapers (recall the New York Times
scandal of June 2003), books, magazines, television, radio, and, in
general, any source of information. With such a vast source of infor-
mation available at our fingertips, the challenge now for each of us
is to wisely use that information to accomplish our objectives. The
scope of this book is not how and what information you use but how
to find any information you need. You must decide how valuable the
information is to you.

xiv
Acknowledgments

Thanks to Jim Hill of Wordware Publishing for the opportunity to

write this book. I owe him an especially grateful acknowledgment
for his patience and professionalism. Thanks to Judy West of
CyberRecruiters.com for tech-checking the manuscript.

xv
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