k]fv dhwft uDhsbv jdkiq zLAfq

nQjtsb }
zfèct rfmDl mflfbD
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nCyDiÛ
iafvdýjf
mrfbhD -ˆv bfmfhtD 1 JftDtcïfr 49
mcrf©mfl 1 zfnX-dnvfuct mcbDv 50
zfrmfl 5 bfdhqcAkX kfWhfr 52
zfhct j¶fsnm 9 bfdhqcAv vfrmfr 54
zft-zfmDb 11 bfdhqcAt mftrfmfr 55
zft-rfswv 12 k]fv zbAfbA bfmfhtD 57
zflX-lf„ 13 k]fv ³ldrj oEbfjxdk 58
zfv-vf†Icv vfrDm 14 k]fv ³lbd¦lb uDhb 64
zfv-vfnCt 14 k]fv ianfLb 64
zfbX-bfhD 16 k]fv sthfn-sifwfj 65
zfwX-wfsrl 16 k]fv lf©ikA uDhb 67
zft-zf-sj¶h 22 k]fv uDhb-uDdhjf 71
zft-j¶fsnm 23 k]fv jKfhfkGf 76
zft-mfrD 28 k]fv ytb 78
zfbX-bfpDv 29 k]fv Ocm 79
zft-hfwDv, zft-mchfwXdwv 32 k]fv ƒd§Àjft 79
zft-mckfWqfdÄt 34 k]fv mrfb ydvÛ 82
zft-mcuXkfhf 38 k]fv dbje nhsysq diaq 87
zft-mcJkfv 39 k]fv dbje nhsysq OxBA 90
zft-mcÜfNXdNv 40 k]fv mLAi§¿f 91
zft-mcpXpfd©mt 40 k]fv zfmfbklfvD 93
zft-mcvkfp¶f 41 k]fv d²¿vmdkk¶ W LDsvflfÙkf 95
zft-mc²¶ÀfIf 42 k]fv vdnjkf 97
zft-mcjf¶ IXIf 43 k]fv rfdn 98
zfbX-bfdh…t …©mD 44 k]fv jfâf 99
Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb 46 k]fv ëfkxk¶ háb 104
zfècïfr 47 k]fv dhbq-bmakf 107
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k]fv nrukf 112 k]fv zfsJAq bfm W ÈBfhtD 262
k]fv nQoafm W durfl 121 k]fv iawQnfq jdkiq jdhkf 264
k]fv lfbwDtkf 124 k]fv hAfifsv zdkvÓb 266
k]fv drjmk 127 dkdb dj nhGiaKm nxdó 275
k]fv ndròckf W [mfwDtkf 131 dhw¶-vybfv zfdl jfvB 278
k]fv tÏfwDtkf 143 dkdb dj bCvD? 280
k]fv lqfûGkf 145 dkdb dj zfmfslv mskf
k]fv bmakf W zmfdqjkf 163 mfbcN dYstb? 289
k]fv dhNqfndÙÁrDbkf 170 dkdb W zfïfrv zfvw 294
k]fv hDvk¶ W nfrdnjkf 172 k]fv ifvstZdjj uDhb 298
k]fv ³LpGwDtkf 176 k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf dj ifj? 303
k]fv nkAhfdlkf 182 dkdb zfïfrv vrnA 305
k]fv ƒhflk 183 k]fv slsrv Yfqf dYt dj? 307
k]fv bAfqivfqBkf 186 zfsvf djYc dHdÙrDb zfjDlf 309
k]fv Hct-Û¢de 193 zfsvf djYc zdkvdÓk dhw¶fn 311
kftDm W kfvdhqfk 202 ofqhD Jhv 312
k]fv mfrfk¹A W mpGflf 209 k]fv jhsvv mpGflf 319
k]fv ³hdwóAfhtD 217 k]fsj dj dnulf jvf pfq? 320
k]fv mfLAsm kfhfvG¢j 228 k]fsj dj znDtf mfbf pfq? 323
k]fv lwGb 235 k]fv dbje nfrfpA iafKGbf jvf 325
k]fv dbu iadkiftjsj lwGb 240 k]fv n©mfbfsKG …sE l]fVfsbf 326
k]fv wfIfzfk hf ncifdvw 244 ƒd§Àjfstv iv k]fv ƒd²ÀoIfv 329
k]fv dhw¶ubDbkf 252 mDtflcâfhD 331
k]fv mfLAsm bhczskv jdh buv¢t W mDtflcâfhD 347
idvnmfdå 257 k]fv dikfmfkf 349
dkdb mfbcsNv ubA ˆjde jdkiq zdHspfo W kfv uhfh 350
zbcora 261 k]fv zdLjfvnmCr 355
1

iafvd©Hjf
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫و‬ ‫א‬ ‫ " وא! م‬#!‫ وא‬، !‫ א‬$ % &'(‫א‬
:& /‫و‬.... ) * +,‫!* و‬- ‫ و‬، !
mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr } dhw¶bhD, nhGswN bhD. k]fsj hvB jvf nfvf dhsw¶v njt mfbh W
lfbshv jkGhA. k]fsj dhw¶fn W hvB jvfv mfsb mcsJv zbcv™i z§Àsvv z§À²t À sKsj
lxPkfv nfsK ˆƒ nkAfqb jvf sp, mcrf©mfl zfïfrv hf¦lf ˆhQ mfbcN W du¶b …Hq
n©ialfsqv njstv ubA siadvk vnCt (lCk).
1. dkdb sp Jhv hstb, kf nkAÎfb jvf.
2. dkdb sp zfslw jsvb, kf iftb jvf.
3. dkdb pf jvsk dbsNL jsvb ˆhQ Lmj slb, kf rsk dhvk Kfjf.
4. k]fv dhLfb YfVf zbA msk zfïfrv ƒhflk bf jvf.
5. k]fv kf'pDm jvf
6. k]fsj W k]fv zflwGsj Hfstfhfnf
7. k]fv iadk lv™l W nftfm iVf.
ˆ njt s[sÛ zhÎf W zdkvÓsbv dhdHâ dlj dbsq zfstfjifk jvf rsqsY ˆƒ
ic²sÀ j.
`mcrf©mfl' mfsb iawQdnk, iawQnbDq. dhwft hAdÙÁsk¶v hù bfm rWqf öfHfdhj. spmb
p]fv bfm hù, k]fv ÈBW zsbj shdw. ÈB sKsjƒ bfsmv …{idÙ rq. h[mfB ic²sÀ j
snƒ mrfb hAdÙÁv bfm W ÈBfhtD idvshdwk rsqsY.
k]fv bfsm dhdHâ dhjxk W zmCtj dhw¶fn hÝmCt zfsY hù nmfsuv hù mfbcsNv mfsU.
ˆj äDbD Hfƒsqv ia²fÀ h msk sn nh dhw¶fsnv nQõfvjs¬i ˆƒ ic²sÀ jv zhkfvBf.
mrfb zfïfr zfmfslvsj kWIDj dlb, zfmvf spb diaq bhD n©isjG ndEj LfvBf
svsJ zfbcoskAv nfsK k]fv iadk zofL Hfstfhfnf vfJsk ifdv. zfïfù©mf zfmDb.
dhbDk----
zfèct rfmDl mflfbD
zft-mfumfzfr
n†lD zfvh
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 2

mrfbhD -ˆv bfmfhtD

dpdb pk hV rb, k]fv bfm kk shdw rq. spmb k]fv ncbfm hxdÝ ifq, skmdb bfsmv
nQJAfW hxdÝ sisk Kfsj. hfQtf HfNfsk spmb y¦û W nCspGv bfm zsbj, skmdb zfvhD
HfNfsk hfsOv bfm zsbj.
wvDqsk mrfb zfïfrv bfm zsbj. skmdb k]fv diaq bhD -ˆv bfmW zsbj.
mrfbhD -ˆv sjfb bfm zKGrDb bq. k]fv bfmfhtD ˆj hf ˆjfdLj ÈB W ³hdwsóAv
iadk ƒdÌk jsv. k]fv bfm sjht idvdydkv ubA bq, kfv nfsK udVsq zfsY hù mrÙ¶
W mfrfk¹A.
k]fv djYc bfm zfsY, pfsk zbA sjfb bhD wvDj sbƒ. zfv djYc bfm ˆmb zfsY, pfsk
zbAfbA bhDvfW k]fv wvDj zfsYb. ksh snƒ bfsmv nfKGjkfq dkdbƒ idviCBG zKhf
nhfv sysq wDsNG.
p]fv ÈB pk shdw, k]fv bfm kk shdw. iaskAj ÈB zbcpfqD k]fv ˆj-ˆjef bfm W
sJkfh iadnÝ rsq pfq. kfƒ zsbsj hstsYb, k]fv bfm rfufsvvW shdw.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

mcrf©mfl
mcrf©mfl k]fv spmb hAdÙÁhfyj bfm, skmdb ÈBhfyj bfmW. ˆ bfmde k]fv mCt bfm.
ˆ bfmde zft-j¶vc zfsb smfe 4de ²¿fsb …dïdJk rsqsY.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٤٤) {1 1 2 !‫ א‬3*3465 738 9 4 5; : &4 65 ‫ <ل‬1 : >?@A &< 'B +: 81 8: ‫و‬: }
ªmcrf©mfl vnCt hAkDk djYc bq, kfv iCshG hù vnCt ok rsq sosY.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 144)
{ 'Q 3: N R4 : M JK /3 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬:HI: ;: ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 B 73J!5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !3 L
: M 7M8 N&O : 5 /:5 &< 'B +
: 81 :‫ ن‬P5 8B }
ªmcrf©mfl skfmfslv msLA sjfb icv¢sNv dikf bq, hvQ sn zfïfrv vnCt W swN bhD.
zfïfr nhGdhNsq nhGÎ.« (‚rXpfh } 40)
H4 X1 S4 : : Y> P5 H4 X@ /MB 738 2Z+
: !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: N&'B +
: 81 5 : :‫ل‬TM 1 ': /3 ‫ א‬S18: -:‫ و‬3U + : !3 #
B !‫ א א‬K '3 : ‫و‬: ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫}و‬
&'` " (٢) {H4 X1 !5 /: :]5 , 4 5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ I3 ^:M :
ªpfvf dhw¶fn jsvsY, n{jmG jsvsY ˆhQ mcrf©mfslv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY
kfsk dhÇhfn jsvsY, zfv kf kfslv iadkiftj rsk nkA; dkdb kfslv ifivfdw [mf
jsvsYb ˆhQ kfslv zh²¿f Hfstf j'sv dlsqsYb.« (mcrf©mfl } 2)
]bY!‫( " א‬٢٩) {H4 X1 S:4 /: ': O
: 1 @ Y> JK !ْ ‫ א‬5 : ‫א‬B&3 5 1*: 8: :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 B &< 'B +
: 82 }
ªmcrf©mfl zfïfrv vnCt; zfv kfv nryvoB zdhw¶fnDslv iadk jsEfv ˆhQ
dbsuslv msLA iv±isvv iadk nrfbcHCdkwDt.« (IfkXr } 29)
zfv sJfl mrfbhD hstsYb,
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c3W!> ‫ א‬1 3 +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: : Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3/ 1*> !‫ א‬+
1 '4 V: c3W!> ‫ א‬R3O ': !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: 1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 N ': 4 5 K : '4 ;
: R3!)
.(1d63 : !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: R38:&65 5 : 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1 f: +
4 V1
zKGf{, zfmfv i]fyde bfm, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl. zfdm mfrD (dbdÇyrÁjfvD), pfv
äfvf zfïfr jcIvD dbdÇyrÁ jvshb. zfdm rfswv, pfv iliafs§À mfbcsNv rfwv rsh. zfv
zfdm rtfm zfsj¶h (nh swsN zfombjfvD), pfv isv sjfb bhD sbƒ. (hcJfvD 3532,
mcndtm 6251bQ)
zKGf{, k]fv snƒ i]fyde bfm iChhG kGD djkfhnmCsr ˆhQ iChhG kGD äDblfvslv mfsU
iadnÝ dYt. zKhf snƒ i]fyde bfm ƒdkiCshG sjfb bhDv dYt bf. ˆ njt bfm sjht
k]fvƒ ubA dbdlGó. kfv msLA nhGfsoa …dïdJk `mcrf©mfl' nhGswaô bfm.
`rfmXl' mfsb iawQnf, `mfrmCl' mfsb iawQdnk, zfv `mcrf©mfl' mfsb hùt iawQdnk.
`mcrf©mfl' hù iawQnbDq, zsbjfsbj iawQnfv spfoA.
k]fv ydvÛ iawQnbDq, k]fv jmG iawQnbDq, kfƒ dkdb iawQnbDq.
dkdb hù mpGflf W mfrfsk¹Av zdLjfvD, kfƒ dkdb zsbjfsbj iawQnfv ifÛ. hfvhfv
iawQnfv ifÛ.
dkdb iawQnbDq, k]fv ³ldrj snZ¦lpG, nfQnfdvj W nfmfduj n{jmGfhtD, k]fv ƒhflk
W hAhrfv nh djYcƒ iawQnbDq. sn nh …sïJ jsvƒ k]fv iawQnf rq, HCqnD iawQnf rq.
swNbhD -ƒ …ÙÁ bfsmv …ipcÙÁ. spsrkc nfKGj bfsmv iCBG hAdÙÁk¶ k]fv. mrfb
zfïfr k]fv ˆk iawQnf jsvsYb sp, zbA jfsvf kk jsvbdb. dkdb k]fv bfmsj nxdóv
jfsY jsvsYb nc…¤y. dkdb hstsYb,
(٤) {5g: Pْ 3‫ ذ‬5h!5 S:4 5 : ‫و‬: (٣) 5g: X4 l5 :mn5 5 c3W!>‫( א‬٢) 5g: ‫ز‬4 ‫ @و‬5hS: S:4 k : ‫و‬: ‫و‬: (١) 5g: &4 , : 5h!5 i4 : f4 : H4 !55}
zKGf{, zfdm dj skfmfv h[sj iaw²À j'sv dlƒdb? zfdm skfmfv …iv rsk
zinfvB jsvdY skfmfv snƒ Hfv. pf skfmfv diEsj j'sv svsJdYt HfvfÛÁf§À. zfv
zfdm skfmfv JAfdksj nmc¤y jsvdY. (‚tfm bfwXXvfr } 1-4)
sjfb ˆj nmq ˆmb sbƒ, sp nmsq k]fv bfm …¤yfdvk rq bf. iaskAj nmq ixdKhDv
sjfb bf sjfb slsw zfpfb rs¤Yƒ rs¤Y. hvQ ˆjƒ nmsq dhdHâ ²¿fsb ˆjfdLj zsÙÁv
zfpfb rs¤Y. sn zfpfsb L¶dbk rs¤Y, `zfwrflc zfâf mcrf©mflfv vfnCtcïfr.'
ˆjƒ nfsK nhGlf jk wk bfmfpD bfmfp iVsY ˆhQ kfsk k]fv bfsm lv™l iVsY.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٥٦) { 'Q 34 I: ‫' א‬1 q : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : ‫ א‬r, : ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: MR3 SB!‫ א‬5 : :‫ ن‬r# : V1 1*b:J5 s3 58: ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr bhDv iadk zbcora jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfoBW bhDv ubA
zbcora iafKGbf jsv. sr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvfW bhDv ubA zbcora iafKGbf jv ˆhQ
kfsj …Ùmv™si zdHhflb jv. (lv™l W nftfm siw jv.) (‚rXpfh } 56)
…ÙÁ zfqfsk bhD -ˆv ‰ n©mfb W mpGflfv jKf hBGbf jvf rsqsY, pf
zfnmfsb …¤ympGflf n©iâ dIdvñfosBv dbje dhlAmfb. kf ˆƒ sp zfïfr kfzftf
dIdvñfosBv dbje bhD -ˆv ncbfm W iawQnf jsvb ˆhQ k]fv …iv vrmk hNGB
jsvb. zfv dIdvñfoBW bhD ˆv …¤ympGflfv ubA lczf jsvb. kfv nfsK nfsK
 4
zfïfr kfzftf dhw¶hfnDslvsjW zfslw jsvsYb, spb kfvfW bhD -ˆv iadk lv™l W
nftfm ifE jsv. pfsk bhD -ˆv iawQnfq †LG¶ W dbm´ lcƒ dhw¶ ˆjdÛk rsq pfq.
(zfrnfbct hfqfb)
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj iawQnfspfoA ˆk ÈBfhtD lfb jsvsYb, pk zbA sjfb nxdósj
lfb jsvbdb. snƒ njt ÈBfhtD mfbcN ufbsk sisv k]fv iawQnfq iÑmcJ rq. ˆmbdj
sn mfbcN k]fv iawQnf jsv, sp k]fsj `bhD' hst öDjfv jsv bf. zsbj nmq k]fv wÛ¢v
mcJ sKsjW k]fv iawQnbDq ÈBfhtD iajfw rsq isV. bAfqivfqB hù zmcndtmW k]fv
iawQnf bf j'sv ifsvdb. spsrkc dkdb iawQnfv ifÛ `mcrf©mfl'. rfmXslv zfLfv
`mcrf©mfl'.
zfv pfvf k]fsj Hfstfhfsn, kfvf skf k]fv iawQnf jvshƒ. Hfstfhfnfv ifÛ dj
iawQnbDq bf rq? msb-mcsJ k]fv iawQnf jsv, k]fv bfsm lv™l isV, k]fv mskf
iawQnbDq ÈBfhtDv zdLjfvD rWqfv syóf jsv, k]fv bfsm bfm vfsJ, k]fv zflswG
zflwGhfb rWqfv iaqfn yfdtsq pfq. sjfb rkHfof mfbcN k]fsj Hct hcsU k]fv sjfb
jc{nf vefst kfv iadkhfl jsv. spsrkc kfvf k]fsj ixdKhDv njt mfbcN, zfk¹Dq-öub,
n§Àfb-n§Àdk, dikfmfkf, ˆmbdj dbsuslv iafB zsi[fW shdw Hfstfhfsn.
zk}iv mfbcN jft djqfmsk k]fv spfoAkf slsJ k]fv HCqnD iawQnf jvsh. mrfb
iadkiftsjv lvhfsv ncifdvw jvfhfv ubA mfbcN k]fv iawQnf j'sv zbcsvfL ufbfsh.
snƒ dhHDdNjfmq dlsbv HDNB jó sKsj mcdÙÁ tfsHv mfbsn mfbcN k]fv iawQnf j'sv
k]fsj sÛÁfLfd¦hk zfïfrv jfsY zfshlb ufbfsk zfvdu ufbfsh. dkdb iawQdnk rsq
iawQnbDq ²¿fb (mfj¶fsm mfrmCl)ˆ pfshb ˆhQ dnulfq bDk rsq mrfb iawQnbDq
iadkiftsjv nhGfdLj shdw iawQnf jvshb. zk}iv zfïfùt rfmDl mfj¶fsm mfrmCsl
mcrf©mfslv rfmXsl kcó rsq k]fv ncifdvw mÓcv jvshb.
nc¦lvsj sj bf Hfstfhfsn? nc¦lsvv iawQnf sj bf jsv? znc¦lvW nc¦lsvv
Hfstfhfnfq mcÊ rq. dIdvwXkf, du¶b, ƒbnfb ˆhQ iðW k]fv nc¦lvkfq smfdrk rsqsY.
hftj dwð mcrf©mflsj slsJ ³wwsh stfsjvf k]fv iawQnf jsvsY. spZhsb k]fv ydvsÛ
mcÊ rsq stfsjvf k]fv iawQnf jsvsY ˆhQ `zft-zfmDb' k]fv …ifdL dlsqsY.
bhczk iafdåv iv mc'dmbslv dbje dkdb zfsvf iawQdnk rsqsYb. zfv iawQdnk bf
rst dj `bhD' rWqf pfq?
dkdb sp zfnst mrfb nxdójkGfv jfsY iawQdnk. dhw¶-vybfv iÑfw rfufv hYv iCshG
dkdb dtsJ svsJsYb, `mcrf©mfl' iawQdnk. zflm nxdóv zfso dkdb `bhD' hst iadnÝ
rsqsYb. sn jKf mrfb zfïfr zfdìqfoBsj ufdbsqsYb. dkdb zfdìqfosBv dbjseW
iawQdnk.
dkdb ixdKhDv njt ÎfbDv dbje iawQdnk. spsrkc nc²¿ iajdx kv dhshj W Îfb
nc¦lvsj dybsk Hct jsv bf. zfv pJb kf dybsk ifsv, kJb kfv iawQnf bf jsv
Kfjsk ifsv bf.
rfmXslv ˆjde zKG ðjXv. nckvfQ mcrf©mfl mfsb rsh, zsbj zsbj ðjdvqf W
LbAhfl iafå. nfvf ufrfb p]fv dbje jxkÎ.
5
mcrf©mfl bfsmƒ vsqsY ˆmb nh zKG, pfv Ist dkdb zfmfslv dbje iawQnbDq, dkdb
zfmfslv dbje LbA-mfbA, dkdb zfmfslv dbje n©mfbfrG W wasÝq. dkdb zfmfslv
Hfstfhfnfv ifÛ W HdÙÁHfub.
dbÇyq ˆ bfm mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj Hfstfhfnfv bfm. dbÇyq ˆ bfm sjht ˆjub
diaq hAdÙÁvƒ nfKGj bfm. ƒdkiCshG sn bfm jfsvf dYt bf, sn bfsmv spfoAW sj… dYt bf.
zfvhD jdh zfêfn dhb dmvlfn nctfmD hstsYb,
P‫&א‬1\ B !‫ א‬x&1\ 2 P MZ( / ... < 81 5hBA 3 v:S2!‫ א‬:w ; V
P{ B ‫&ًא‬B'`‫ و‬3*n3 ; | ... ً B` h S/ :*!z‫ א‬B‫ن‬A
zKGf{, sr swNbhD! db}ns¦lsr zfidb nkA-nr siadvk. njt n{iKƒ zfibfv
n{iK.
dbÇyq …ifnA (zfïfr) k]fv nxdóv msLA zfibfv …iv Hfstfhfnf iadkôf jsvsYb
ˆhQ zfibfv bfm dlsqsYb `mcrf©mfl'.
`mcrf©mfl' bfsm iawQnf W n©mfb zfsY hstƒ jcvfƒswv jfsIvvf k]fsj `mcrf©mfl'
bf hst OxBf Hsv kfv dhivDkfKGj wè `mcpf©mfm' htk. mrfbhD ˆjlf
nfrfhfoBsj htstb,
.(&< 'B +
: 81 :5‫و‬: 'Q 8B :W81 :‫ ن‬S1: ْV:‫و‬: 'Q 8B :W81 :‫' ن‬1 b3f4 V: ‫؟‬4HX1 S:4 !5‫و‬: •
ٍ V4: 6K :Hb4: RMS: 1*>!‫ א‬1 @ #
4 V: :}4P5 :‫ ن‬1~
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zKGf{, skfmvf dj zhfj rW bf sp, zfïfr jDHfsh zfmfv dbje sKsj jcvfƒswv
ofdt W zdHwfisj dIdvsq svsJsYb? kfvf mcpf©mfmsj ofdt slq W mcpf©mfmsj
zdHwfi slq. zKy zfdm rtfm mcrf©mfl. (hcJfvD 3533bQ)
wÛ¢vf k]fsj OxBf Hsv `mcpf©mfm' (dbd¦lk) htk. dj§Â mrfb zfïfrv jfsY dkdb
`mcrf©mfl' (iawQdnk). mrfb zfïfr k]fv lflfv msb ‰ bfm iad[å jsvdYstb. Ist
dkdb k]fv ‰ bfmjvB jsvdYstb. zfv iahfsl iadnÝ zfsY,
.3 ': B !‫ א‬:783 1‫ل‬T@ S4 I: 1$ n5 !ْ 5 ‫א‬
zKGf{, …ifdLnmCr zfnmfb (zfïfrv i[) sKsj zhkDBG rq.
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, ˆv zKG `k]fv pk …Ùm tjh zfsY, nhƒ bfdpt rskf zfnmfb
rsk' jvf zfvhD bf hcUfv dhëfe YfVf zbA djYc bq.
smfe jKf, k]fv dikfmr zfèct mcÙfdth zfïfrv i[ sKsj ƒtrfmiafå rsq
`mcrf©mfl' bfm svsJdYstb. zfv kf dYt ÈBhfyj bfm. k]fv mb htdYt, ˆƒ sYst
hùt iawQnbDq rsh.
hdBGk zfsY sp, zfèct mcÙfdthsj duÎfnf jvf rt, `ˆ bfm dkdb sjb vfJstb? ˆ
bfm skf k]fv iChG icv¢Nslv jfsvf dYt bf.'
…Ùsv dkdb hstdYstb, `zfdm zfwf jdv sp, dhw¶hfnDv njst kfv iawQnf jvsh.'
nckvfQ k]fv ÈBfhtDv iadk t[A svsJ k]fv bfm dbhGfyb jvf rsqdYt. ˆ dYt mrfb
zfïfrv i[ sKsj dljdbslGw. spsrkc k]fv dbje dkdb zfso sKsjƒ `mcrf©mfl' dYstb.
zfv nfKGj dYt sn bfm.
sn bfm ˆsnsY kfWvfk W ƒÓDst.
 6
sn bfm mbcnQrDkfq zfsY `mrml' wsè. zbcv™i zfsY zs¬ifdbNl 7m idvs¤Ysl.
…Ùvfqb shl, zbjfdr (iÑm idvs¤Yl)ˆ zfsY, `smfrf©mlm'.
jc§fÀ inCsÙÁ htf rsqsY, `bvfwQn' (pwöD). pfv zfvhD iadkwè rt `mcrf©mfl'.
‡so¶l 5, 27, 1ˆ zfsY `mfmr'.
sHZdkj icvfsB htf rsqsY, `mrfmk'.
nckvfQ sn bfm iChG sKsjƒ iadnÝ. sn hAdÙÁk¶ iChG sKsjƒ iawQdnk.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.
hfjD Kfjt, ƒhsb zfêfn bfdj hstsYb, `zfïfr kfzftf pJb mfJtcjfskv nxub,
pmDbsj dbsm´ ²¿fib W zfnmfbnmCrsj †sL¶G ²¿fisbv ƒ¤Yf jvstb dkdb dbu bCv rsk
ˆj mcdó bCv oarB jvstb. zb§Àv dkdb ‰ mcdó bCvsj htstb } kcdm zfmfv rfhDh
mcrf©ml rsq pfW. zk}iv sn bCv-ƒ-mcrf©ml zflm nxdóv i]fyw hYv iCshG zfvw
kfWqfI jsvdYt. kfWqfIjfst kf htdYt---zft-rfmlcdtïfrX. kJb zfïfr
kfzftf htstb } ˆ srkc zfdm skfmfv bfmjvB jvtfm---mcrf©ml.' (bcprfkct
mfufdtn 2/326)
ˆ njt jKf mDtflD oæ ³h dj¤Yc bq.
zbcv™i `‰ mrfb bfm zQdjk rstf shsrwskv isÛ isÛ, YsÛ YsÛ.
mcrf©ml bfmde zQdjk zfsY zfvswv ifqfq. nfk zfnmfsb, shsrwXskv hftfJfbf
nmCsr, shsrwXskv iafnflnmCsr, Ffov z]fdJ dhdwó ùvnmCsrv jsØ (?), kchf hxs[v
iÛvfdusk, dnlXvfkct-mcbkfrfq (?). dhwft ilGfnmCsrv iafs§À iafs§À, sIsvwXkfslv
y[cnmCsr (?).'
ˆ njt jKfW mDtflD Wqfspv zdkvdÓk jKf. ˆ nshv sjfb nrDr ltDt sbƒ.
zfsvf t[BDq sp, mDtflDslv zfvhD zbchflW Hcst-ësm Hvf.

zfrmfl
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjde iadnÝ bfm rt `zfrmfl.' ˆƒ bfsmv ncnQhfl dlsq sosYb
k]fv iChhG kGD bhD „nf dhb mfvqAfm . mrfb zfïfr jcvzfb jfvDsm sn jKf hstsYb,
"3 ‫א‬: 4 bB!‫ א‬:783 Bc:&V: :74 /: ': !q 6ً M&#
: 82 HKJ4 !5 @A 3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A : s3‫א‬: 4 @A R3S/: V: :HV: 4 8: 17/4 ‫ א‬: 3 :‫ ل‬65 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
}#!‫( א‬٦) {< 3 82 < + 4 3 ‫א‬:W\: ‫! א‬K 65 3U S:M :!ْ /3 H1\ L
: 'B 5 5 1&': O
4 5 1*'1 4 ‫ א‬c3&4 /: 738 R3Iْ‚V: ‫ ٍل‬1 : /3 ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, (n¹vB jv,) pJb mfvqAfm kbq „nf hstdYt, `sr hfbD ƒnaf„t! zfdm
skfmfslv iadk (siadvk) zfïfrv vnCt ˆhQ zfmfv iChG rsk (skfmfslv dbje) sp
kfWvfk vsqsY, zfdm kfv nmKGj ˆhQ zfmfv isv zfrmfl bfsm sp vnCt zfnshb,
zfdm kf]v ncnQhfllfkf.' isv sn pJb ±ió dblwGbfhtDnr kfslv dbje zfomb jvt,
kJb kfvf htsk tfot, `ˆef skf ˆj ±ió pflc.' (n¶fIX } 6)
zfv sJfl mrfbhD hstsYb,
c3W!> ‫ א‬1 3 +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: : Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3/ 1*> !‫ א‬+
1 '4 V: c3W!>‫ א‬R3O ': !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: 1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 N ': 4 5 K : '4 ;
: R3!)
7
.(1d63 : !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: R38:&65 5 : 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1 f: +
4 V1
zKGf{, zfmfv i]fyde bfm, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl. zfdm mfrD (dbdÇyrÁjfvD), pfv
äfvf zfïfr jcIvD dbdÇyrÁ jvshb. zfdm rfswv, pfv iliafs§À mfbcsNv rfwv rsh. zfv
zfdm rtfm zfsj¶h (nh swsN zfombjfvD), pfv isv sjfb bhD sbƒ. (hcJfvD 3532,
mcndtm 6251bQ)
`zfrmfl' wède superlative degree dÛÁqfdhswNB. ˆv zKG rt nhfv yfƒsk
shdw iawQnfjfvD, nhGswaô iawQnfjfvD. htf hfùtA, ixdKhDv hcsj pk bhD-ztD-nr pk
mfbcsNv zfomb OsesY W pk mfbcN zfnsh, kfslv nhsysq shdw iawQnfjfvD rstb bhD
zfrmfl . dkdb pk k]fv iadkiftsjv iawQnf jsvsYb W jvshb zbA sj… k]fv
kk iawQnf jvsk n[m rsh bf.
mrfb zfïfr iawQnf Hfstfhfsnb. kfƒ jcvzfb jfvDsmv HCdmjföv™i iawQnfmCtj
nCvf Ifdkrf zhkDBG jvstb nhGswaô iawQnfjfvD bhD zfrmfslv …iv. i]fy zsÙÁv
bfmfp Ivp jvstb ˆhQ kfv iaskAj vfjzfsk Ivp jvstb snƒ nCvf ifEsj. mrfb
zfïfr snƒ nCvfv hAfifsv hstsYb,
~(‫( " א‬٨٧) {:H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬R3 „:': !ْ ‫ א‬:78M Q 4 : 5g S:4 I:- &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zhwAƒ zfdm skfmfsj dlsqdY icb} icb} idEkhA nfkde zfqfk ˆhQ mrf
jcv¶ zfb. (druXv } 87)
snƒ nCvfv iaKmfQw dlsq mrfbhD zfrmfl k]fv jk iawQnf jsvsYb. Ivp-bIt
jk bfmfsp dkdb k]fv pk iawQnf jsvsYb, zbA sjfb sbj hf¦lf kf jvsk ifsvbdb.
dkdbƒ htskb,
،@‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 8: ‫و‬: 3U‫א‬: ': B !‫ א‬R3 8: :‫د‬:&: 3%3 1&'4 +
: !ْ 5‫ א‬،:Z5;
: 8: :4 83 3%3 1&'4 +
: !ْ 5‫ א‬،:Z5;
: 8: :‫د‬:&: 3%3 1&'4 + : !ْ5‫א‬
،NR4 : M PK :‫د‬:&: 3%3 1&'4 +
: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬،1*/1 b:P3 #
:O
4 5 8: 3 83 5 : 3%3 1&'4 +
: !ْ‫وא‬: ،1*/1 b:P3 #
:O
4 5 8: :‫د‬:&: 3%3 1&'4 +
: !ْ5‫א‬
.N R4 : M PK :4 83 3%3 1&'4 +
: !ْ‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, zfïfrv iawQnf k]fv nxdóv nmfb nQJAj, zfïfrv iawQnf k]fv nxdó idviCBG,
zfïfrv iawQnf zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk pf zfsY kfv nmfb nQJAj, zfïfrv iawQnf k]fv
djkfh pf oBbf jsvsY kfv nmfb nQJAj, zfïfrv iawQnf k]fv djkfh pf oBbf jsvsY kfv
idviCBG, zfïfrv iawQnf njt h²Âv nQJAf idvmfB ˆhQ zfïfrv iawQnf njt h²Â idviCBG.
(k¶fhfvfbD, nrDùt ufsm' 2615bQ)
nxdóv njt djYc k]fv iawQnf jsv. dkdb jsvsYb nhfv yfƒsk shdw. djqfmskW
dkdb mrfb zfïfrv nhGfdLj iawQnf jvshb. dkdb hstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb zfdm rh
njt mfbcsNv sbkf. skfmvf dj ufb, jD jfvsB? djqfmskv dlb iChfG iv nmoa
mfbhufdk ˆjƒ mqlfsb nmshk rsh. (sn mqlfbde ˆmb rsh sp,) snJfsb lwGj
kfslvsj slJsk ifsh ˆhQ zfrhfbjfvD (dbu zfrhfb) kfslvsj ðbfsk ifvsh. nCpG
ˆsjhfsv jfsY ˆsn pfsh. mfbcN ˆkƒ lc}J-jsóv msLA dbidkk rsh sp, ³LpG LfvB
jvfv [mkfƒ kfslv Kfjsh bf. kfvf htsh, `slJ, skfmfslv nhfv jD HDNB jó rs¤Y,
skfmfslv jD dhil ˆsn si]ZsYsY! ˆmb sjfb hAdÙÁv sJ]fu jv, dpdb ivWqfvslofsvv
 8
jfsY ncifdvw jvsk ifsvb.' stfsjvf htsh, `yt zflsmv jfsY pfƒ.' sn msk kfvf
zflsmv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `zfidb mfbh ufdkv dikf, zfïfr kfzftf dbu rfsk
zfibfsj nxdó jsvsYb ˆhQ Icj ] dlsq kf]v `v™r' zfibfv msLA nÑfdvk jsvsYb. kf]v
dbslGsw dIdvñfoB zfibfsj dnulf jsvdYstb. zfibfsj ufâfsk ²¿fb dlsqdYstb.
nckvfQ zfidb dj zfibfv iftbjkGfv lvhfsv zfmfslv ubA ncifdvw jvshb bf?
zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD jsóv msLA zfdY? zfmvf jD p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY?'
zflm htshb, `zfmfv iadkiftj zfu HDNB ÛÁcÝ zfsYb, ˆmb ÛÁcÝ dkdb zfv
sjfbdlb rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. kfYfVf dkdb zfmfsj ˆjde hxs[v jfsY spsk
dbsNL jsvdYstb, dj§Â zfdm kfv dbslGw zmfbA jsvdYtfm. zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ
dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY!
skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf bCsrv jfsY pfW.'
nckvfQ kfvf njst bCr -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr bCr! zfidb ixdKhDv iadk
iaKm siadvk vnCt. zfïfr zfibfsj swfjv-Èufv hf¦lf drnfsh zdHdrk jsvsYb.
nckvfQ zfidb dj zfibfv iftbjkGfv lvhfsv zfmfslv ubA ncifdvw jvshb bf?
zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD jsóv msLA zfdY? zfmvf jD p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY?' bCr
htshb, zfmfv iadkiftj zfu HDNB ÛÁcÝ zfsYb, ˆmb ÛÁcÝ dkdb zfv sjfbdlb
rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. kfYfVf zfmfv ˆjde lczf dYt, pfv äfvf zfmfv
ufdkv …iv hÜczf jsvdY. zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ
dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA
jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf ƒhafrDsmv jfsY pfW.'
nckvfQ kfvf nhfƒ ƒhafrDm -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr ƒhafrDm! zfidb zfïfrv
bhD W ixdKhDhfnDslv mLA sKsj zfidbƒ kf]v hác. zfidb zfibfv iftbjkGfv jfsY
zfmfslv ubA ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD p§ÃBfv msLA zfdY?'
dkdb kfslvsj htshb, `zfmfv iftbjkGf zfu HDNB vfofd¦hk rsqsYb, ˆmb
vfofd¦hk dkdb zfv sjfbdlb rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. kfYfVf (lcdbqfsk) zfdm
dkbde dmKAf jKf hstdY. nckvfQ zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj
dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq
zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf mCnfv jfsY pfW.'
zk}iv kfvf mCnf -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mCnf! zfidb zfïfrv vnCt. zfïfr
zfibfsj k]fv dvnftk dlsq ˆhQ zfibfv nfsK (nvfndv) jKf hst nmoa mfbh
ufdkv …iv swaôk¶ dlsqsYb. zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv dbje ncifdvw
jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD lcsHGfo sifrfd¤Y?' dkdb htshb, `zfu zfmfv
iadkiftj ˆk HDNB ÛcÁÝ rsq zfsYb, ˆmb ÛcÁÝ dkdb zfv zfso jJsbf rbdb ˆhQ
zfofmDskW zfv sjfbdlb rshb bf. kfYfVf zfdm skf (ixdKhDsk) ˆjde iafB rkAf
jsvdYtfm, pfsj rkAf jvfv sjfb dbslGw zfmfsj slWqf rqdb. zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ
dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY!
skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf „nfv jfsY pfW.'
9
zk}iv kfvf nhfƒ „nf -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr „nf! zfidb zfïfrv vfnCt.
zfidb zfïfrv snƒ jfstmf, pf dkdb mfvqAfsmv iadk ias[i jsvdYstb. zfidb
rs¤Yb kf]v v™r, zfidb (u¦m sbWqfv iv) dwðjfst slftbfq ðsqƒ mfbcsNv nfsK
jKf hstdYstb. zkˆh zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv dbje ncifdvw
jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD p§ÃBfv msLA zfdY?' dkdb kfslvsj htshb,
`zfmfv iftbjkGf zfu HDNB vfofd¦hk rsqsYb, ˆmb vfofd¦hk dkdb zfv sjfbdlb
rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. (ˆJfsb dkdb k]fv sjfb zivfL …sïJ jsvbdb.) zfdm
dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ
dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf mcrf©mfl
-ˆv jfsY pfW.'
nckvfQ kfvf nhfƒ zfmfv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfïfrv vnCt.
zfidb zfsJvD bhD. zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv pfhkDq Èbfr mfI j'sv dlsqsYb.
zkˆh zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv jfsY ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj
slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD (Hqfhr) lc}J W p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY.'
@74 O
1 ‫و‬: 3•3&83 +
: 8: 74 83 BR5 : 1*> !‫ א‬1]b:Yْ V: BH‰1 B L
: ‫و‬: TB : RM/: !3 ‫א‬Q&L
3 : 1Š65 5‚5 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬:9+
4 I: R3Iv5 1Z3Œ5 4 5‚5 )
.(R34 65 N&O
: 5 5 : 1*+
4 b:Yْ V: H4 !5 ^Q4 : 3*4 5 : 3 S:„B!‫א‬
kJb zfdm yst pfh ˆhQ zfvswv bDsy zfmfv iadkiftsjv ubA dnulfhbk rh.
zk}iv zfïfr kf]v iawQnf W ÈBofsbv ubA zfmfv r™lqsj ˆmb …©mcÙÁ j'sv
slshb, spmb ƒskfiCshG zfv jfsvf ubA jsvbdb.
zk}iv dkdb htshb, `sr mcrf©mfl! mfKf …EfW, yfW, skfmfsj slWqf rsh.
ncifdvw jv, skfmfv ncifdvw oarB jvf rsh.' kJb zfdm mfKf …dEsq hth,
zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr
iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr iadkiftj!' ˆv iakcAÙsv (zfïfrv
i[ sKsj) htf rsh, `sr mcrf©mfl! skfmfv …©mskv msLA pfslv sjfb drnfh-dbjfw
rsh bf, kfslvsj Ffb dlsjv lvuf dlsq ufâfsk iashw jvfW. ˆƒ lvuf YfVf kfvf
zbA nh lvufskW njt mfbcsNv wvDj.'
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªp]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, kf]v jnm! ufâfskv ˆjde
lvufv iaw²Àkf rs¤Y mÄf W (hfrvfƒsbv) rfufsvv mLAhkDG lCvk¶ zKhf mÄf W
(dndvqfv) hcnvfv mLAhkDG lCvsk¶v nmfb.« (hcJfvD 4712, mcndtm 501bQ)
ˆefƒ snƒ iawQnfv ²¿fb `mfj¶fsm mfrmCl' pfv jKf mrfbhD hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ
zfpfb ðsb (zfpfsbv swsN) ˆƒ lczf htsh, `zfïf-ù©mf vfêf rf-dpdrl lf'zdkkX
kf-©mfr, znXnf¶ tf-dkt j¸f-dqmfr, zf-dk mcrf©mflfdbt znDtfkf ztIfpDtfr,
zhzfNù mfj¶f-mfm mfrmClfdbïfpD zzfÙfr.'
zKGf{, sr zfïfr ˆƒ iCBfG Ì zfrhfb W iadkôf tfHjfvD bfmfspv iaHc! mcrf©mfl
-sj kcdm znDtf (ufâfskv ˆj …¤y ²¿fb) W mpGflf lfb jv ˆhQ k]fsj snƒ
iawQdnk ²¿fsb si]ZYfW, pfv iadkwa¢dk kcdm k]fsj dlsqY.
 10
sn hAdÙÁv ubA djqfmskv dlb zfmfv ncifdvw zdbhfpG rsq pfsh.« (hcJfvD 614bQ)
nckvfQ `zfrmfl' k]fv nfKGj bfm. ˆ bfsmv zdLjfvD sjht dkdbƒ.
dkdbƒ nhGfdLj iawQnfjfvD rWqfv spfoAkf vfsJb, spsrkc dkdbƒ dYstb iawQnbDq
iaHvc hAfifsv zdLj dhÎ. sp pfv ÈBfhtD pk shdw ufbsh, sn kfv iawQnfq kk shdw
iÑmcJ rsh. dkdb dbu iadkiftsjv ÈBfhtD spmb dysbdYstb, skmbde zfv sj…
sysbdb. dkdb sp dhwft zbcosa rv …irfv sisqdYstb iaHvc dbje sKsj, kfsk k]fv
nhGfdLj iawQnf jvfv jKfƒ hse.
dkdb spmb iawQdnk, skmdb iawQnfjfvD. dkdb mcrf©mfl, dkdb zfrmfl. dj§Â sjfbX
bfmde zfso idvdyk?
jcvzfb jfvDsm mcrf©mfl-zfrmfl …Hq bfmƒ zfsY. ksh zfrmfl bfmde ƒÓDt
djkfsh ˆhQ „nf -ˆv mcsJ iCshGƒ …sïJ rsqsY.
zsbsj hstb, hvQ mcrf©mfl bfm kfv iCshG kfWvfk djkfsh …dïdJk rsqsY.
sn pfƒ srfj, dkdb mrfb iadkiftsjv `zfrmfl' dYstb, kfƒ kfv dhdbmsq dkdb
kfsj `mcrf©mfl' hfdbsqsYb. iadklfb nfLfvBk} nmswaBDv lfsbv dhdbmq rsq Kfsj.
dkdb mrfb zfïfrv nhGfdLj iawQnfjfvD dYstb, kfƒ mrfb zfïfr k]fsj hùt iawQdnk
v™si ixdKhDsk ifdEsqdYstb.
³wwsh k]fv tftb-iftbjfdvoB k]fv HCqnD iawQnf jsvsYb. ³jswfv W spZhsb k]fv
n©ialfq `zft-zfmDb' hst iawQnf jsvsY. zk}iv pJb dkdb bhczkiafå rsqsYb,
kJb dkdb mrfb zfïfrv iCBG idvdydk W zbcora tfH j'sv k]fv nhGfdLj iawQnfq
iÑmcJ rsqsYb.
ˆƒHfsh dkdb zfso zKhf isv zfrmfl W mcrf©mfl.
zhwA zsbsj hstsYb, `zfrmfl' zKG nhsysq shdw iawQnbDq, iawQnfrG, iawQnfv
spfoA hf iawQdnk.
shloas§¿ k]fsj iawQnfjfvD W ²ÂdkifEj htf rsqsY. nfmshsl ‰ bfmsj `zrdmdL'
htf rsqsY. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

zfhct j¶fsnm
ˆde diaq bhD -ˆv …ibfm. …ibfm vfJf rq hV sYstv bfsmv zfso `zfh' wè
spfo j'sv. snƒ nCsÛ dkdb zfhct, zfhft hf zfdht j¶fsnm bfsm idvdyk.
mrfbhD -ˆv njt icÛ-jbAf JflDuf (vf})ˆv osHG u¦m sbb.
sjht ƒhvfrDm dYstb mfdvqfr djhdkqfv osHG.
k]fv icÛ n§Àfb dYt 4de. (1) j¶fsnm; zfv k]fv bfm Lsvƒ
mrfbhD -ˆv …ibfm dYt zfhct jfsnm. dkdb z¬i jsqj dlb mfÛ
lcdbqfsk sh]sy dYstb. (2) kfsrv (3) k¶fƒdqh W (4) ƒhvfrDm.
‰dkrfdnj k¶fhfvD zfsvf ˆjub icsÛv jKf …sïJ jsvsYb.
11
dkdb rstb zfècïfr. mkf§Àsv kfsrv W k¶fƒdqh rt
zfècïfrvƒ …ifdL.
ƒhvfrDsmv u¦m rq mlDbfq. dkdb 22 mfn uDdhk dYstb.
zk}iv mrfbhD -ˆv ƒd§Àjfstv mfÛ 3 mfn zfso dkdb mfvf pfb.
k]fvƒ mxkcAv nmq mrfbhD -ˆv syfsJ zwa¢ dhodtk rq.
zhdwó n§ÀfbW k]fv uDhÜwfq ƒrstfj kAfo jsvb. sjht Ifskmf
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv Yq mfn iv mfvf pfb.
j¶fsnmƒ k]fv iaKm n§Àfb. kfƒ k]fvƒ bfm Lsv mrfbhD -sj
`zfhct j¶fsnm' htf rq. zfhC ùvfƒvf hV zflshv nfsK
‰ …ibfm …sïJ j'sv rflDn hBGbf jvskb. spmb dkdb htskb,
zfhct j¶fsnm hstsYb, ªskfmvf zfmfv bfsm bfm vfsJf, ksh
zfmfv …ibfsm …ibfm svsJf bf.« (hcJfvD 3539, 6188,
mcndtm 5720bQ)
zfmfsj zfmfv diaqkm zfhct j¶fsnm hstsYb sp, ªsnƒ mdrtfv
sjfb bfmfp jhct rq bf, sp kfv öfmD YfVf zbA jfsvfv ubA
ncodá hAhrfv jsv; pk[B bf sn bfifjDv sofnt jvfv mk sofnt jsv
sbq.« zkˆh kcdm dIsv pfW, sofnt jsv ncodá Lcsq sIt. kfviv
dIsv ˆsn bfmfp isVf.' (zfhC lf†l, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr, hfƒrfjD, dntdntfr
nrDrfr 1031bQ)
zfdm nkAdbô W dhÇh²À ˆƒ ùuvf-Wqftf zfhct j¶fsnm -sj
htsk ðsbdY sp, ªlcHGfof YfVf zbA jfsvf (r™lq) sKsj lqf,
dYdbsq sbWqf rq bf.« (zfrmfl, 2/301, zfhC lf…l 4942, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb
drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 7467bQ)
mCnf dhb nftfmfr zft-ùpftD hstb, zfdm ƒhsb zfêfnsj duÎfnf
jvtfm, `zfdm mÄfq Kfjst ˆhQ ƒmfsmv nfsK bfmfp bf iVst
sjmb bfmfp iVh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `lcƒ vfjzfk ; zfhct j¶fsnm
-ˆv ncâfk.' (mcndtm 1609bQ)
zf©mfv ƒhsb ƒqfdnv rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ
ns¦lsrv dlsb svfpf vfJt, sn zhwAƒ zfhct j¶fsnm -ˆv bfIvmfbD
jvt.' (zfhC lf†l 2334, dkvdmpD 686bQ)
zfbfn hstb, ˆjub ƒùlD djswfv bhD -ˆv dJlmk jvk. sn
iDdVk rst mrfbhD kfsj slJf jvsk ˆstb ˆhQ kfv dwKfsb hsn
htstb, ªƒntfm oarB jv (kcdm mcndtm rsq pfW).« k]fv ˆƒ jKf
wcsb sn kfv dikfv dlsj (kfv mk ufbsk) lxdóifk jvt. kfv dikf kfv
 12
dbjseƒ hsn dYt. sn htt, `zfhct jfsnm -ˆv jKf kcdm smsb bfW.
Ist djswfvde mcntmfb rsq sot. zk}iv bhD ˆƒ htsk htsk shv
rsq sostb, ªsnƒ zfïfrv njt iawQnf dpdb Wsj ufrfâfm sKsj
h]fdysq dbstb.« kfviv djswfvde mfvf sost dkdb
njstv …sÜswA htstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv ˆj nfKDv ufbfpf iV.«
(hcJfvD 1356bQ)
htf hfùtA, ˆƒ …ibfm nfrfhfosBv mfsU iadnÝ dYt. ksh k]fv ˆjde ÈBhfyj bfm
dYt `zft-j¶fsnm'. spmb sn jKf pKf²¿fsb …dïdJk rsqsY.

zft-zfmDb
bhczskv iCshG mrfbhD -sj mÄfv nhfƒ `zft-zfmDb' hst zfJAfqb jvk.
spsrkc k]fv jfujmG dYt nh yfƒsk zfjNGBDq, ydvÛ dYt nshGfÙm ˆhQ mrfbcHhkf
dYt nhGpsc ov njstv ubA zbcnvBDq W zbcjvBDq.
dkdb dYstb nhGfdLj dwófyfvD, bma-Hû, nlftfiD W nlfyfvD.
dkdb dYstb nhfv yfƒsk lqfûGdyÙ, lCvlwGD, nC[¹lwGD, W nkAhflD. dmKAf jJsbfƒ k]fsj
±iwG jvsk ifsvdb. k]fv nkAhfdlkf W zfmfbklfvDv ubA dkdb ˆkƒ iadnÝ W iawQnbDq
dYstb sp, mÄfv stfsj k]fsj `zft-zfmDb' hstƒ zfrhfb jvk. spsrkc dkdb dYstb
kfslv msLA nhfv yfƒsk dbHGvspfoA zfmfbklfv W dhw¶².À (zfv-vfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 121ix})
stfsjvf k]fv jfsY dbsuslv zfmfbk vfJk. ˆmbdj sp vfsk dkdb mÄf kAfo jvsk
hfLA rsqsYb, sn vfskW k]fv jfsY djYc stfsjv zfmfbk od¤Yk dYt, pf dkdb zftD
-sj kfv mfdtjoBsj iakAiGB jvsk zfslw j'sv druvk jsvdYstb.
mrfbhD -ˆv hqn pJb 35 hYv, kJb jcvfƒwvf jf'hfoxsrv icbdbGmfG B jfpG
zfvý jsvb. jfpG pJb rfufsv zfnWqfl-ˆv ²¿fb ipG§À dosq si]ZYt, kJb kfslv
mfsU ˆjde nmnAfv nxdó rt. zfv kf rt, rfufsv zfnWqfldesj sj kfv pKf²¿fsb
²¿fib jvfv mrf soZvh zuGb jvsh kf dbsq.
iaskAsjvƒ lfhD, sn dbsu hf kfv sofsÛv stfsj ifKvdesj pKf²¿fsb vfJfv mpGflf
tfH jvsh. njstv ˆjƒ jKf, ˆjƒ sul. sul ÛÁsm ÛÁsm v™if§Àdvk rt svNfsvdNsk.
svNfsvdNv ivhkGD ipGfq rs¤Y vÙÁfvdÙÁ. ˆ hAfifsv vÙÁfvdÙÁ jvskW kfvf diYif bq.
njt sofsÛƒ msLAƒ ðv¢ rt `nfu-nfu' vh. ðv¢ rsq sot zs²Ãv mrVf. bvmi§¿DoB
zfkdËk rsq …Et, jJb pcÝ shsL pfq sj ufsb.
13
ˆmdbkv dhHDdNjfmq zh²¿fv sia[fise ˆj hNGDqfb sbkf zfhC …mfƒqf mfJpCmD ˆƒ
nmnAf nmfLfsbv ˆjde nCÛ J]csu sisq njstv nfmsb kf siw jvstb.
njstv …sÜswA ia²fÀ h vfJstb, zfofmD jft sHfv njfst sp hAdÙÁ nhGiaKm mfndulct
rfvfsm iashw jvsh, kfv Wisvƒ ˆƒ dhhfl-mDmfQnfv lfdqk¶Hfv ziGB jvf rsh.
njstƒ ˆƒ ia²fÀ hsj ˆjhfsjA nmKGb jsv [f§À rt.
zfïfrv jD zifv mdrmf! slJf sot njt sofsÛv diaqifÛ W wasÝqub mcrf©mflƒ
nhGiaKm mfndulct rfvfsm iashw jvsYb. njst k]fsj slsJ hst …Et,
.&< 'B +
: 81 ‫א‬:W\ ،1• S: k
3 : ،1 83 5 ‫א א‬:W\
zKGf{, ˆ skf `zft-zfmDb' (dhw¶fnHfub), zfmvf ˆ]v hAfifsv n©mk. ˆ skf mcrf©mfl!
zk}iv mrfbhD pJb kfslv dbjehkGD rstb, kJb nmnAf ndh²Àfsv k]fsj
ufbfsbf rt. nckvfQ ˆv nmfLfbjs¬i dkdb ˆj Jfbf yflv yfƒstb. yflv zfbf rst
dkdb kf smsUv …iv dhdYsq dlsq örs²À ifKvdesj kfv …iv ²¿fib jvstb ˆhQ
dhhlmfb sofÛidkoBsj zfrhfb ufdbsq htstb, `zfibfvf njst ˆj nsÌ yflvdev
ˆj ˆj iafs§À LfvB jv¢b ˆhQ ifKvdesj hrb jsv kfv dbdlGó ²¿fsb dbsq ytcb.'
zk}iv dkdb örs²À kf kcst dbsq pKf²¿fsb (oxrsjfsB) ²¿fib jvstb. ˆƒ mDmfQnf
mÄfv njstƒ r™ódysÙ smsb dbt. zkA§À nru, ncwx£Jt W nÌk i§¿fq jdEb ˆjde
nmnAfv nmfLfb rsq sot. (zfv-vfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 117-118ix})
mrfbhD k]fv bhczk W dvnftskv hAfifsvW hV zfmDb dYstb. dkdb zfmfbskv
nfsK sn lfdqk¶ iftb j'sv …©mksj ‡BD j'sv sosYb. zfïfrv jfsYW dkdb `zft-
zfmDb'.
.« Q : 8: ‫و‬: OQ :, : 3 ': B !‫ א‬1 :;
: S3 I3 ْ‚V: 3 ': B !‫ א‬3 74 8: 1 83 5 :5 ‫و‬: 3 S18: ْ‚I: 5?5 »
ªskfmvf zfmfsj dhw¶fn jv bf dj? zKy zfdm k]fv dbje dhw¶²À dpdb zfjfsw
zfsYb. zfmfv dbje njft W náAfq zfjfswv Jhv zfsn.« (hcJfvD 4351, mcndtm 2500bQ)

zft-rfswv
mrfbhD hstsYb,
c3W!> ‫ א‬1 3 +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: : Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3/ 1*> !‫ א‬+
1 '4 V: c3W!> ‫ א‬R3O ': !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: 1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 N ': 4 5 K : '4 ;
: R3!)
.(1d63 : !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: R38:&65 5 : 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1 f: +
4 V1
zKGf{, zfmfv i]fyde bfm, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl. zfdm mfrD (dbdÇyrÁjfvD), pfv
äfvf zfïfr jcIvD dbdÇyrÁ jvshb. zfdm rfswv, pfv iliafs§À mfbcsNv rfwv rsh. zfv
zfdm rtfm zfsj¶h (nh swsN zfombjfvD), pfv isv sjfb bhD sbƒ. (hcJfvD 3532,
mcndtm 6251bQ)
`rfswv' wsèv zKG rt, rfwvjfvD, umfsqkjfvD.
k]fv iliafs§À mfbcsNv rfwv rsh, kfv mfsb dkdb nhGiKa m jhv sKsj …dÚk rshb.
zk}iv njt mfbcNsj icbv¢dÚk jvf rsh. spmb dkdb hstsYb,
 14
.« Šٍ Y> f: 81 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: Šٍ 3 : 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: 1 4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬1*S4 : 2Zf: S4 V: 74 8: 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3&!5 ‫و‬: 1&M : :5 »
zKGf{, zfdm djqfmskv dlb zflm-n§Àfbslv nlGfv. nhGiaKm zfmfv jhvƒ dhlDBG
rsh ˆhQ iaKm zfdmƒ ncifdvwjfvD W zfmfv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh. (mcndtm 6079bQ)
zKhf k]fv bhczkjfst mfbcsNv rfwv-bfwv W djqfmk rsh. kfv mfsb k]fv isv
zfv jfsvf bhczk sbƒ. dkdbƒ nhGswN bhD. spmb dkdb kuGbD W mLAmf zfÌct äfvf
ƒdÌk j'sv hstsYb,
.« @74 I: X: P5 5 : B !‫א‬:‫ و‬:5 19„4 3 /1 »
zKGf{, zfmfv siavBjft W djqfmk ˆƒ lcƒsqv mskf. (hcJfvD 5301, mcndtm 2042bQ)
zKhf djqfmsk nm²À mfbcN k]fv yfdvifsw umfsqk rsh.
zKhf njt mfbcNsj k]fv wvDqk W ncâfskv …isv umfsqk jvf rsh. zKGf{,
dkdbƒ rshb dhw¶bhD. mfbh-lfbh njstv bhD. dhw¶fnD-zdhw¶fnD jfsvfƒ k]fv ikfjfv
Yfqfkst zfwaq sbWqf YfVf sjfb okA§Àv sbƒ. jcIvD sKsj mcdÙÁ sisk jfsIvsj k]fv
wvDqk mfbsk rsh ˆhQ dhlzfk W ëókf sKsj v[f sisk mcndtmsj k]fv ncâfr
zhtìb jvsk rsh.

zflX-lf„
lf„ mfsb lfWqfklfkf, zfrhfqj.
mrfbhD dYstb mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj äDsbv lf„. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{‫א‬Q•S3 82 L
Q ‫א‬: 3 ‫و‬: 3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @‘/3 3*> !‫! א‬5 @A Q 3 ‫א‬:‫ود‬: (٤٥) ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 BA@ 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
zKGf{, sr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W
nkjGjfvDv™si, zfïfrv zbcmdkÛÁsm k]fv dlsj zfrhfbjfvDv™si W …϶t ialDiv™si.
(‚rXpfh } 45-46)
htf hfùtA, dkdb dYstb mrfb zfïfrv dlsj mfbcNsj zfrhfbjfvD.
dkdb dYstb ƒntfsmv dlsj mfbcNsj zfrhfbjfvD.
dkdb dYstb `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr'v dlsj mfbcNsj zfrhfbjfvD.
dkdb dYstb kfWrDslv dlsj mfbcNsj zfrhfbjfvD.
dkdb dYstb ˆjmfÛ mrfb zfïfrv wvDjdhrDb ƒhflskv dlsj mfbcNsj
zfrhfbjfvD.
dkdb dYstb ufâfskv dlsj mfbcNsj zfrhfbjfvD.
zfv sn zfrhfb dYt mrfb zfïfrv zfslw W zbcmdkÛÁsm.
sn zfrhfb dbsuv dlsj hf dbsuv i[ sKsj dYt bf.
dkdb äDsbv lf„slv nlGfv W zflwG. zfv lf„v lfWqfskv `zfrhfb-hfBD' zsi[f
zfv sjfbX jKf swaô rsk ifsv?
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
9 # " (٣٣) {: '3 34 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 R3SB@A :‫ ل‬65 ‫و‬: +
Q !3 ,
: : '3 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫! א‬5 @A : :‫ د‬7B'8M !ً 4 65 17: O
4 5 74 8: ‫و‬: }
15
zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv iadk mfbcNsj zfrhfb jsv, n{jfu jsv ˆhQ hst, `zfdm
skf zfk¹nmiGBjfvD (mcndtm)' kfv zsi[f jKfq …Ùm zfv sjfbX hAdÙÁ? (rf-mDm
nfulfr } 33)
nckvfQ ncnQhfl kfslv ubA, pfvf ˆsrb zfrhfsb n§Âó W …lfvdysÙ nfVf slq. dyv
ncsJv dEjfbf kfslv ubA, pfvf ˆmb lfWqfk jhct j'sv mrfb nxdójkGfv lfWqfk
oarB jsv. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
H4 X1 > : !5 @‫ س‬SB !3 3*I3 V: - 17M :V1 ‫و‬: 3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @‘/3 "3 : Y3 “4 ': !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3 SB~
: !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A : 1 &4 V: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ @ و‬SB!‫! א‬5 @A :‫ ن‬1 &4 V: 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K}
" n !‫( " א‬٢٢١) {:‫ون‬1 P> :Wb:V:
zKGf{, Wvf zfocsbv dlsj zfrhfb jsv ˆhQ zfïfr öDq ƒ¤Yfq shsrñ W [mfv
dlsj zfrhfb jsvb. dkdb mfbcsNv ubA öDq dblwGbnmCr nc±ióHfsh hAÙÁ jsvb, pfsk
kfvf kf sKsj …islw oarB jvsk ifsv. (hfj¶fvfr } 221)
• V " (٢٥) {Hٍ n3 b:4 82 ‫ط‬N ‫א‬: ,
3 !5 @A f: V: 7:8 c3&X4 V:‫و‬: @‫م‬5 B !‫א @ א‬:‫! د‬5 @A 1 &4 V: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫}و‬
zKGf{, zfïfr (mfbcN)sj wfd§Àv zfhfsnv dlsj zfrhfb jsvb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf nvt
iK ialwGb jsvb. (ƒ…bcn } 25)

zfv-vf†I, zfv-vfrDm
vf†I mfsb sn´rwDt, vfrDm mfsb jv¢BfivfqB, lqfv nfov.
ˆ lc'de mrfb zfïfrv ÈBhfyj bfm. dj§Â snƒ ÈB dlsq dkdb dbu diaqkm bhDsjW
zfJAfqb jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
(١٢٨) {H< O
3 B < ‫و‬1–: : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ /3 HKJ4 5 : ˜
< V@ O
: H4 b2S3 : 8: 3*4 5 : T< V@T: H4 JK 3 YK 5 74 8M ‫ <ل‬1 : H4 PK L
: &4 n5 !5 }
zKGf{, zhwAƒ skfmfslv dbje zfomb jsvsY skfmfslvƒ mLAjfv ˆmb ˆjub
vnCt, pfv jfsY skfmfslv [dkjv dhNq zdk jólfqj msb rq, sp skfmfslv Jchƒ
drkfjf£[D, mc'dmbslv iadk hVƒ sn´rwDt, jv¢BfivfqB. (kfWhfr } 128)
ksh dbdÇykHfsh snƒ `zfv-vf†Icv-vfrDm' zfv ˆƒ `zfv-vf†Icv-vfrDm' ˆj bq.
spsrkc dkdb rstb nxdójkGf, zfv ƒdb rstb nxdó.
k]fv zfsY 100de vrmk, zfv ƒdb k]fv ˆjde vrmskvƒ `vfrDm' v™i.
dkdb hstsYb, ªdbÇyq zfïfrv ˆjwde vrmk zfsY, pfv mLA rsk ˆjde mfÛ
vrmk dkdb mfbh-lfbh, ið W jDeiksÌv msLA zhkDBG jsvsYb. ‰ ˆj Hfsov
jfvsBƒ (nxóuDh) ˆsj zivsj mfqf jsv, kfv jfvsBƒ ˆsj zbAsj lqf jsv ˆhQ
kfv jfvsBƒ drQna u§Âvf kfslv n§Àfbsj mfqf j'sv Kfsj. hfjD dbvfbêƒde zfïfr
ivjfstv ubA svsJ dlsqsYb, pfv äfvf dkdb djqfmskv dlb zfib hf¦lfslv …iv
vrm jvshb.« (hcJfvD 6000, mcndtm 7150bQ)
dkdb dYstb dhw¶mfbhkfv dw[fÈv¢. nxdóv iadk sn´rwDt lqfmq. dw[sjv yfhcjW
spmb YfsÛv ubA lqföv™i, skmdb lqfv bhDv durflW mfbcsNv ubA vrmk öv™i.
spsrkc mrfb nxdójkGf k]fsj vrmskv mCkGik a Dj jsvƒ ˆ LvBDv hcsj siavB jsvdYstb.
dkdb hstsYb,
 16
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O
4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)
k]fv lqfv ±ió dyrÁ idvlxó rq mfbcNsj slfpJ sKsj mcdÙÁ slWqfv isK k]fv nhGfk¹j
syófv mfsU.
k]fv lqfv iaHfh idvlxó rq ˆkDm, bfvD W znrfqsj nfrfpA-nrspfdokf jvf W
jvsk …äcÝ jvfv mfsU.
k]fv lqfv dhjfw busv zfsn iði[Dv iadk lqf ialwGb jvf W jvsk zfslw jvfv mfsU.
k]fv lqfv iajfw lxdósofyv rq k]fv mrfbcHhkf, nrmdmGkf W [mfwDtkfv mfsU.

zfv-vfnCt
`vnCt' mfsb lCk, siadvk-icv¢N. dkdb dYstb zfïfrv i[ sKsj mfbcsNv jfsY
siadvk lCk. dkdb dYstb vfnCtcïfr.
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj k]fv zfnt bfm Lsv Ffjskb bf. hvQ dkdb k]fsj k]fv …ibfm
Lsv Ffjskb. zsbj nmq htskb, `ƒqf zfqcArfv vfnCt! (sr vnCt!)' spmb }-
738—4 I1 H4 !5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ \3 ‫א‬: ْ 5‚/3 SB8: - ْ‫! א‬K 65 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:783 @ Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3 :‫ ن‬1 @ : V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h T1 +
4 V: 5? 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
"&s ‫( " א‬٤١) {ْ‫وא‬1‫\ د‬3 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:783 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /1 K 6K
ªsr vnCt! pfvf mcsJ hst, `dhÇhfn jsvdY' dj§Â z§Àsv dhÇhfnD bq W pfvf ƒqfùlD
rsqsY kfslv msLA pfvf zdhÇhfsn k{iv, kfslv zfyvB spb skfmfsj lc}J bf slq.«
(mfdqlfr } 41)
"&s ‫( " א‬٦٧) {1*b:!5 : @ :9“4 > /: ': 5 4 : Yْ I: H4 !> ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5h/MB 738 5h4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K 8: š4 q /: 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr vnCt! skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY, kf
iayfv jv. pdl kf bf jv, ksh skf kcdm kf]v hfkGf iayfv jvst bf.« (mfdqlfr } 67)
jcvzfb mfuDslv dhdHâ ufqofq dkdb k]fsj `vfnCtcïfr' hstƒ zfJAfqb jsvsYb.
spmb }-
: \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 *1 !5 c3W!> ‫ א‬Q '3 L
: H4 JK 4 !5 @A 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: 4 6K }
‫א‬ ‫( " א‬١٥٨) {19 '3 V1 ‫و‬: R3 + 4 V1
ªht, `sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslv njstv ubA snƒ zfïfrv (siadvk) vnCt; dpdb
zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmsk¶v zdLjfvD, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb (nkA) …ifnA
sbƒ, dkdbƒ uDdhk jsvb W mxkcA Oefb.« (zf'vfI } 158)
{‫א‬Q•„3 P5 :*> !‫ א‬: P5 :‫وذ‬: : ;
3 vْ!‫ א‬:‫م‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:*> !‫ א‬L1 4 V: :‫ ن‬P5 7:'!q › S:: O
: ›": 4 K 3*> !‫ ل@ א‬1 : R3 H4 JK !5 :‫ ن‬P5 &4 n5 !5 }
ªskfmfslv msLA pfvf zfïfr W ivjftsj Hq jsv ˆhQ zfïfrsj zdLj ±mvB jsv,
kfslv ubA vfnCtïc frv (ydvsÛv) msLA …Ùm zflwG vsqsY.« (‚rXpfh } 21)
{ 'Q 3: N R4 : M JK /3 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬:HI: ; : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 B 73J!5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !3 L
: M 7M8 N&O
: 5 /:5 &< 'B +
: 81 :‫ ن‬P5 8B }
ªmcrf©mfl skfmfslv msLA sjfb icv¢sNv dikf bq, hvQ sn zfïfrv vnCt W swN bhD.
17
zfïfr nhGdhNsq nhGÎ.« (‚rXpfh } 40)
]bY!‫( " א‬٢٩) {H4 X1 S:4 /: ': O : 1 @ Y> JK !ْ ‫ א‬5 : ‫א‬B&3 5 1*: 8: :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 B &< 'B +
: 82 }
ªmcrf©mfl zfïfrv vnCt; zfv kfv nryvoB zdhw¶fnDslv iadk jsEfv ˆhQ
dbsuslv msLA iv±isvv iadk nrfbcHCdkwDt.« (IfkXr } 29)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
"5 5 #
B !‫' א א‬1 n3 V1 ‫و‬: 3*>!‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : ‫א‬Q&'B +
: 81 B‫ن‬5 ‫و‬: 1*> !‫@?> א‬A :*!5 @A 5? ‫ن‬4 5 ‫وא‬1&X: f4 V: bBO
: :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: I3 65 K ‫ن‬4 5 1U4 83 K »
.« 3*>!‫ א‬5 : H4 X1 /1 : O
3 ‫و‬: X: nq +
: /3 >?@A H4 X1 !5 ‫א‬: 84 5 ‫و‬: H4 \1 : 8: 3‫ د‬SM83 ‫' א‬1 #
: : ‫ א‬K : 5 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 "5 P5 TB !‫ א א‬I1—4 V1 ‫و‬:
ªmfbcsNv dhv¢sÝ kk[B nQoafm jvfv ubA zfdm zfdló rsqdY, pk[B ipG§À bf
kfvf ˆƒ nf[A slsh sp, zfïfr hAkDk sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl zfïfrv
vnCt. zfv bfmfp jfsqm jvsh W (Lsbv) pfjfk zflfq jvsh. pJb kfvf ˆÈdt
hf²Àhfqb jvsh, kJb ƒntfmD rj (zKGl× ƒkAfdl) YfVf kfvf dbsuslv ufb-mft
zfmfv dbje rsk ncvd[k j'sv sbsh. zfv (z§Àsvv oHDsv jcIvD hf ifi tcjfsbf
Kfjst) kfslv drnfh zfïfrv dp©mfq.« (hcJfvD 25, mcndtm 138bQ)

zfb-bfhD
`bfhD' mfsb nQhflhfrD, nQhfllfkf.
dkdb dYstb zfïfrv i[ sKsj mfbcNsj nQhfllfkf. ofqshv bfbf Jhv, ufâfk-
ufrfâfsmv Jhv, mc'dmb W jfsIsvv idvBfm nQÛÁf§À Jhv, zkDskv bfbf ƒdkrfn W
HdhNAskv bfbf Oebf dkdb zfïfrv i[ sKsj zrDiafå rsq mfbcNsj ufdbsq sosYb.
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj ˆƒ …ibfsmW zsbj nmq Ffjskb. spmb }-
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٦٤) {: S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 5h: :IB‫@ א‬78: ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬5h14 O
: 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr bhD! skfmfv ubA W skfmfv zbcnfvD dhÇhfdnosBv ubA zfïfrƒ psKó.«
(‚bXIft } 64)
$‫א‬TO ‫( א‬١) { 'Q J3 O
: 'Q 3: :‫ ن‬P5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A : n3 3 S:'1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:7V@ 3 J5 !ْ ‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 I1 !5 ‫و‬: :*> !‫@ א‬ZIB‫ א‬2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr bhD ! zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ zdhw¶fnD W jiefyfvDslv zfbcokA jsvf bf.
dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nhGÎ, iaÎfmq.« (‚rXpfh } 1)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٤٥) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si.«
(‚rXpfh } 45)

zfwX-wf-drl, zfwX-wfrDl
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjde ÈBhfyj …ibfm ˆde. ˆv zKG iakA[lwDG hf nf[D. sp hAdÙÁ
Oebf dbu zd[ hf y[c äfvf lwGb jsv.
 18
djqfmskv dlb mrfdhyfv zbcdôk rsh. sn dhyfsv mrfb dhyfvj zfïfr kfzftf
zbfqfsn mfbh-lfbshv dhyfv jvshb. sn dhyfsv dkdb dbsuƒ rfjDm rsq drnfh sbshb.
zfv drnfh sbWqfv ubA dkdbƒ psKó. dkdb hstsYb,
‫( " א م‬٦٢) {: 3 3 + : !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ع‬: 4 5 : \1 ‫و‬: 1HJْ +
1 !ْ ‫ א‬1*!5 5?5 MZ+ : !ْ ‫ א‬1H\1 5?4 8: 3*’ !‫! א‬5 @A ْ‫وא‬2‫د‬1 BH‰1}
ªzk}iv kfslv zfnt iaHcv dlsj kfvf zfbDk rq. susb vfJ, Ifqnftf skf kf]vƒ
ˆhQ drnfh oarsB dkdbƒ nhGfsi[f k{iv.« (‚bX‚m } 62)
X: /3 S:4 I:5 ‫ ٍل‬:‫د‬4 ;
: 74 8M N BO
: :‫ ل‬n5 „4 83 :‫ ن‬P5 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ^Q4 : • < Yْ : 1H5 ƒْ I1 5 5 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫م@ א‬4 : !3 •5 4 n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:7V@‫אز‬: ': !ْ ‫ א‬1Š: :‫و‬: }
‫( " א‬٤٧) { : 3 3 O : S:/3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬:
ªdjqfmk dlhsn zfdm ²¿fib jvh bAfq dhyfsvv l]fdVifïfnmCr; nckvfQ jfsvf iadk
sjfb zdhyfv jvf rsh bf. jmG pdl ndvNfv lfbf idvmfB Wusbv rq khcW kf
zfdm …id²¿k jvh. zfv drnfh oarBjfvDv™si zfdmƒ psKó.« (‚dìqf } 47)
sn dhyfsv dkdb dbsuƒ …jDt. zfv …jDt rWqfv ubA dkdbƒ psKó. dkdb hstsYb,
8T!‫( " א‬٦٢) {< P3 ‫و‬: N R4 : M PK 5 : : \1 ‫و‬: N R4 : M PK 1Z!3 ; : 1*> !‫}א‬
ªzfïfr nm²À djYcv naóf ˆhQ dkdb nm²À djYcv jmGdhLfqj (…jDt).« (pcmfv } 62)
S!‫( " א‬١٣٢) {ً P3 ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 8: ‫و‬: 3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬R3 8: 3*’ !3‫و‬: }
ªzfjfwmàt W HC-màst pf djYc zfsY, nh zfïfrvƒ ˆhQ jmG-dhLfqj (…jDt)
drnfsh zfïfrƒ psKó.« (dbnf } 132)
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٦٥) {ً P3 ‫و‬: 5h/M: /3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: }
ªjmGdhLfqj (…jDt) drnfsh skfmfv iadkiftjƒ psKó.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 65)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٣) { ً P3 ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: }
ªkcdm zfïfrv Wiv dbHGv jv, jmGdhLfqj (…jDt) drnfsh zfïfrƒ psKó.«
(‚rXpfh } 3)
…jDt Lvsk rst hV …jDt Lvfƒ …dyk. dkdbƒ nhsysq hV …jDt. djqfmsk dkdb
YfVf zfv sjfb …jDt ifWqf pfsh bf. nckvfQ k]fsj …jDt Lvfƒ hcdÝmfsbv jfu. dkdb
hstsYb,
8T ‫( " א‬٩) { ً P3 ‫و‬: 1•W4 ž 3 IB 5 : \1 !> @A :*!5 @A !5 3$@ “4 ': !ْ ‫א‬:‫ @ق@ و‬f4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬2$: }
ªdkdb iChG W idÇysmv zdLjkGf, dkdb hAkDk sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ. zkˆh
kf]sjƒ oarB jv …jDt (jmGdhLfqj)v™si.« (mcpXpfd©mt } 9)
‫ א‬z‫( א‬٢) {ً P3 ‫و‬: R3 ‫و‬1‫ د‬738 ْ‫وא‬1Wž 3 bBI: >?5 : s3 ‫א‬: 4 @A R3S:!q xQ&\1 1• S:ْ : L : ‫و‬: :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬: 81 S:4 I:-:‫}و‬
ª‚dm mCnfsj djkfh dlsqdYtfm W kf(sj) jsvdYtfm hfbD ƒnaf„stv ubA iK-
dbslGwj; (hstdYtfm,) skfmvf ‚mfsj hAkDk ziv jf…sjW jmGdhLfqj
(…jDt)v™si oarB jsvf bf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 2)
8T!‫( א‬٣٦) {N‫\ د‬: 74 83 1*!5 ': 5 1*> !‫ @ א‬34 V1 7:8‫و‬: 3*3 ‫و‬1‫ د‬783 :7V3W!> /3 5h: K M ž : V1 ‫و‬: 1•:&4 : N J5 /3 1*>!‫ א‬:•4 !5 5 }
ªzfïfr dj k]fv lfsnv ubA psKó bb? zKy kfvf skfmfsj zfïfrv idvhskG zisvv
19
Hq slJfq. zfïfr pfsj dhëf§À jsvb kfv ubA sjfb iKialwGj sbƒ.« (pcmfv } 36)
ncdhyfsv dkdbƒ psKó. sn dhyfsv dkdbƒ nf[D. zfv nf[D rWqfv ubA dkdbƒ psKó.
dkdb hstsYb,
‫( " א!¡وج‬٩) {&< X@ : N R4 : M PK 5 : 1*> !‫א‬:‫ض@ و‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 1*!5 c3W!> ‫}א‬
ªzfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmk¶ pf]v. zfv zfïfr nhGdhNsqv nf[D.« ( hcv¢u }9)
(٦) {&< X@ : N R4 : M PK 5 : 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬1• 1 :‫و‬: 1*> !‫ א‬1• # :O 4 5 ‫ א‬K '3 : ': /3 H1X^1MS:1 5 Q '3 L
: 1*> !‫ א‬1HX1 „1: 4 V: :‫م‬4 V: }
ªspdlb zfïfr kfslv njtsj ˆjsÛ icbv¢dÚk jvshb ˆhQ kfslvsj ufdbsq
slshb pf kfvf jvk; zfïfr Wv drnfh svsJsYb, zfv kfvf kf Hcst sosY. zfv zfïfr
nhG dhNsq nf[D.« (mcuflftfrX } 6)
M PK 5 : 1*B5 5h/M: /3 3}Jْ V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: 5 2Z+
: !ْ ‫ א‬1*B5 H4 X1 !5 :7B :b:V: bBO: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 R3 ‫و‬: ‫ @ق‬5 vْ!‫ א‬R3 S:I3 V: - H4 X@ V@ S1: }
9 # " (٥٣) {&< X@ : N R4 :
ªzfdm Wslv ubA zfmfv dblwGbfhtD dhw¶uosk hAÙÁ jvh ˆhQ Wslv dbsuslv
msLAW; Ist Wslv dbje ±ió rsq …Esh sp, ˆ (jcvzfb) nkA. ˆ dj psKó bq sp,
skfmfv iadkiftj nhGdhNsqv iakA[lwGD?« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 53)
• V " (٢٩) {: 33 “: !5 H4 JK I3 :‫ د‬:3 74 : SBPK ‫@ن‬A H4 JK S:4 /:‫و‬: S:S:4 /: ‫א‬Q& X@ : 3*’ ! /3 Y5 J5 5 }
ªh²Âk} zfmfslv W skfmfslv msLA zfïfrƒ nf[D drnfsh psKó sp, zfmvf zhwAƒ
skfmfslv …ifnbf nìsá …lfnDb dYtfm.« (ƒ…bcn } 29)
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٩٦) {‫א‬Q•# 3 /: ‫א‬Q•3 ;: 3•3‫ د‬:3 /3 :‫ ن‬P5 1*B@A H4 JK S:4 /:‫و‬: R3S4 /: ‫א‬Q& X@ : 3*’ ! /3 Y5 P5 4 6K }
ªht, `zfmfv W skfmfslv msLA nf[D drnfsh ‚ïfrƒ psKó, dbÇyq dkdb kf]v
lfnslvsj ndhswN ufsbb W slsJb.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 96)
khcW hf¦lfsj bAfq dhyfsv n§Âó jvfsbfv ubA, kfsj ncdhyfsv ncdbdÇyk jvfv ubA,
kfv …iv dbsuv ùÏk jfsqm jvfv ubA ˆhQ kfv dmKAfhfdlkf iamfB jvfv ubA
mrfb dhyfvj zfïfr kfzftf nxdóv mLA rsk zsbjsjƒ nf[D mfbshb. dkdb
iaskAj …©mk sKsjƒ nf[D …id²¿k jvshb. zfv zfmfslv bhDsjW nf[Dv n©mfb
slshb jft djqfmk-sjfseG. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
S!‫( " א‬٤١) {‫א‬Q& X@ : ?1—\: 5 : 5h/3 S:^4 L 3 ‫و‬: N& X@ f: /3 N 8B M PK 738 S:^4 L3 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A :}4 J5 5 }
ªkJb kfslv jD zh²¿f rsh, pJb iaskAj n©ialfq sKsj ˆjub nf[D
(bhD) …id²¿k jvh ˆhQ skfmfsjW kfslv nf[Dv™si …id²¿k jvh?« (dbnf } 41)
+S!‫( א‬٨٩) { 5?—1 \: 5 : ‫א‬Q& X@ : 5h/3 S:^4 L
3 ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 74 8M H@X4 5 : ‫א‬Q& X@ : N 8B K M PK R3 1¢: 4 : :‫م‬4 V: ‫و‬: }
sndlb iaskAj ufdksk kfslvƒ mLA rsk kfslvƒ dhis[ ˆj ˆjub nf[D l]fV
jvfh ˆhQ Wslv dhNsq skfmfsj zfdm zfbh nf[Dv™si. (bfrXt } 89)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٤٥) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si.«
(‚rXpfh } 45)
 20
]bY!‫( " א‬٨) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A}
ªdbÇyq zfdm skfmfsj siavB jsvdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si.«
(IfkXr } 8)
8T ‫( " א‬١٥) { !ً 1 : :‫ن‬4 : 4 3 !5 @A S:ْ : 4 5 ': P5 H4 JK 4 5 : ‫א‬Q&\3 : !ً 1 : H4 JK 4 !5 @A S:ْ : 4 5 B@A}
ªzfdm skfmfslv dbje skfmfslv ubA nf[D öv™i ˆj vnCt ifdEsqdY, spmb vnCt
ifdEsqdYtfm dIvzf…sbv dbje.« (mcpXpfd©mt } 15)
mrfbhD lcdbqfv hcsj iadkiftsjv kfWrDslv nf[D dYstb. dkdb nf[A dlsqsYb
`tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr'v. zfv zfsJvfsk nf[A slshb mfbcsNv Hfstf-m¦l zfmstv.
zfk¶f dhb qAfnfv hstb, zfdm zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn -ˆv nf[fsk httfm,
`kfWvfsk …dïdJk vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ÈBfhtD n©isjG zfmfsj htcb.' dkdb htstb,
`r]Af. zfïfrv jnm! dkdb jcvzfsb hdBGk djYc ÈsB kfWvfskW ÈBfd¦hk. (spmb,)
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si«
(‚rXpfh } 45) ˆhQ dbv[v (zfvh)slv ubA dbvfiÙfv™si. kcdm zfmfv lfn W vnCt.
zfdm skfmfv bfm svsJdY `zft-mckfWqfdÄt' (zfïfrv Wiv dbHGvwDt). dkdb v™P W
jsEfv bb. rfse-hfufsv ³r-ùsïfVjfvDW bb. dkdb m¦lsj m¦l äfvf iadkrk jsvb bf.
hvQ dkdb [mf W mfuGbf j'sv slb. zfïfr k]fv jJsbfƒ dksvfLfb Oefshb bf, pk[B
bf dkdb k]fv äfvf h]fjf (jfsIv) n©ialfqsj snfuf jsvsYb kKf kfvf `tf ƒtfrf
ƒïfïfr' hstsY ˆhQ k]fv äfvf hù zá y[c, hdLv jBG W hÝ r™lqsj …¦mcÙÁ jsvsYb.
(hcJfvD 2125, 4838bQ)
htf hfùtA, kfWvfskW dkdb nf[Dv™si …dïdJk.
k]fv uDhÜwfv iCshG dhok W isv zfok nm²À …©mskv zfmstv nf[A jDHfsh
slshb? kfrst dj dkdb `rfdpv-bfdpv'?
bf mrfb zfïfrW `rfdpv' bb. dkdb `bfdpv'. dkdb zfsYb zfvswv Wiv, dj§Â k]fv
lxdó, ƒtXm W nfrfpA zfsY nhGÛ.
dj§Â nys[ bf slJst `nf[D' rb jDHfsh? zfïfr sp hstsYb,
{:‫ ن‬K ': 4 I: H4 b1SKP ': /3 HKJ^1MS:1 5 "3 :‫ د‬X: fB !‫א‬:‫ و‬3d4 “: !ْ ‫@ א‬H!3 : !5 @A :‫ون‬2‫د‬: I1 BH‰1 1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: H4 JK 5 ': : 1*’ !‫ א‬x: : : ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, HdhNAskW zfïfr ˆhQ kf]v vnCt skfmfslv jfpGjtfi ipGsh[B jvshb.
zk}iv skfmvf iakAfhdkGk rsh ˆmb nÙfv jfsY dpdb zlxwA ˆhQ iajfwA njt
dhNqƒ zhok zfsYb, zb§Àv dkdb skfmfslvsj ufdbsq slshb pf djYc skfmvf jvsk.
(kfWhfr } 94)
ˆ ipGsh[B W slJf k]fv uDhÜwfq. ƒd§Àjfstv iv bq. ƒd§Àjfstv iv ivjfthfnD
mfbcN W lcdbqfv mfsU phdbjf isV pfq. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ ن‬S8— ‫( " א‬١٠٠) {:‫„ ن‬1: 4 V1 @‫م‬4 V: !5 @A £< ‫ز‬: 4 /: H@Xs3 ‫א‬: ‫و‬: 738‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kfslv nfmsb hfvpfJ (phdbjf) Kfjsh icbv¢Úfb dlhn ipG§À. (mc'dmbCb } 100)
pdl ƒd§Àjfstv isvW k]fv slJfv jKf smsb sbWqf rq, kfrst dbsm´fÙÁ zfqfk
zbcnfsv mc'dmbvfW ƒd§Àjfstv iv zsbAv zfmt slJsk ifb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
21
HKJ^1MS:1 5 "3 :‫ د‬X: fB !‫א‬:‫ و‬3d4 “: !ْ ‫@ א‬H!3 : !5 A@ :‫ون‬2‫د‬: b1: ‫و‬: :‫ ن‬S183 —4 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: H4 JK 5 ': : 1*’ !‫ א‬x: : : 5 ْ‫ א‬K ': 4 ‫ @ א‬6K ‫و‬: }
/ b!‫( " א‬١٠٥) {:‫ ن‬K ': 4 I: H4 b1SKP ': /3
kcdm hst lfW, `skfmvf jfu jvsk Kfj. zdysvƒ skfmfslv jfpGjtfi zfïfr
slJshb, ˆhQ kf]v vnCt W mc'dmboBW slJsh. zfv zdysvƒ skfmfslvsj zlxwA W
iajfwA dhNsqv Îfkf (zfïfrv) dlsj iakAfhdkGk jvf rsh. zk}iv dkdb
skfmfslvsj skfmfslv njt jxkjmG ufdbsq slshb.' (kfWhfr } 105)
htf hfùtA, zfmt slJfv hAfifvef uDhÜwfv hAfifv, mxkAc hvsBv iv bq. spmb „nf
bhD -ˆv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
:‫ ل‬65 3*’ !‫ون@ א‬1‫ د‬738 @74 X: !5 @A :R8M K ‫و‬: R3 ‫و‬1Wž
3 IB‫ س@ א‬SB !3 :9 6K :9 5 5 :HV: 4 8: :7/4‫ א‬: 3 V: 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ل‬65 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
1H5 4 5 5?‫و‬: R3 Yْ : R3 8: 1H5 4 I: 1*b:'4 3: &4 n5 5 1*b1ْ 6K 19SKP ‫@ن‬A Z¤ +
: /3 R3! :•4 !5 8: :‫ ل‬6K 5 ‫ن‬4 5 R3! 1‫ ن‬JK V: 8: 5h: +
: 41
H4 JK /B: ‫و‬: RM/: :*’ !‫وאْ א‬1&14 ‫ن@ א‬5 3*/3 R3SI:4 8: 5 8: >?@A H4 X1 !5 19ْ 6K 8: (١١٦) 3$ 1 “1 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ >م‬: :9 5 5hB@A 5h3 Yْ : R3 8:
N R4 : M PK 5 : :9 5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ 4 5 : :d 63 B !‫ א‬:9 5 :9SKP R3Sb:4 > : I: 'B 5 5 H4 X@ 3 1984 1‫ د‬8B ‫א‬Q& X@ : H4 X@ 4 5 : 19SKP‫و‬:
"&s ‫( " א‬١١٧) {&< X@ :
zKGf{, (n¹vB jv) pJb zfïfr htshb, `sr mfvqAfm-kbq „nf! kcdm dj
stfjslvsj hstdYst sp, skfmvf zfïfr hAkDk zfmfsj W zfmfv ubbDsj …ifnAv™si
oarB jv?' sn htsh, `kcdmƒ mdrmfd¦hk! pf htfv zdLjfv zfmfv sbƒ kf htf zfmfv
ubA zfslZ swfHbDq bq. pdl zfdm hst Kfdj, kfrst kf skf kcdm zhwAƒ ufsbf.
zfmfv msb dj zfsY kf kcdm zhok zfY, dj§Â skfmfv msb pf zfsY, kf zfdm zhok
bƒ, dbÇyq kcdm zlxwA nìsá idvÎfk. kcdm zfmfsj sp zfslw jsvY, kf hAkDk
kfslvsj zfdm djYcƒ hdtdb. (ˆhQ) kf ˆƒ sp, skfmvf zfmfv W skfmfslv iadkiftj
zfïfrv …ifnbf jv. zfv pkdlb zfdm kfslv msLA dYtfm, kkdlb zfdm dYtfm
kfslv dÛÁqfjtfsiv nf[D. dj§Â pJb kcdm zfmfsj kcst dbst, kJb kcdmƒ skf dYst
kfslv dÛÁqfjtfsiv ipGsh[j. zfv kcdm nhG h²Âv …iv nf[D. (mfdqlfr } 116-117)
kfrst dkdb `rfdpv-bfdpv' bf rst djqfmsk nf[D slshb jDHfsh?
djqfmsk nf[D slWqfv ubA `rfdpv-bfdpv' rWqf zfhwAj rst k]fv …©mkDW
`rfdpv-bfdpv' rsq pfsh. spsrkc k]fv …©mkDW djqfmsk nf[A ialfb jvsh. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
(١٤٣) {‫א‬Q& X@ : H4 JK 4 5 : 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬JK V: ‫و‬: @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬5 : : ‫א‬:&X: 1 ْ‫ א‬1 JK b:!q Œً : ‫و‬: ً 8B K H4 PK S:ْ : L
: 5h!3:WP5 ‫و‬: }
ªˆHfsh zfdm skfmfslvsj ˆj mLAi§¿D ufdkv™si iadkdôk jsvdY, pfsk skfmvf
mfbh ufdkv ubA nf[Döv™i rsk ifv ˆhQ vnCt skfmfslv ubA nf[Döv™i rsh.«
(hfj¶fvfr } 143)
:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A H4 JK /3 5 5 > 8M ‫ ٍج‬: O
: 74 83 @7VM&!‫ א‬R3 H4 JK 4 5 : : : L
: 8: ‫و‬: H4 PK :b:L
4 ‫ א‬: \1 3•3‫ د‬X: L
3 BZO
: 3*> !‫ א‬R3 ‫وא‬1&\3 L
: ‫و‬: }
{@‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬5 : ‫א‬:&X: 1 ‫ א‬1 JK I:‫و‬: H4 JK 4 5 : ‫א‬Q& X@ : 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬JK :!3 ‫א‬:W\: R3 ‫و‬: 1 4 65 738 : '34 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1HPK 'B : : \1
ªskfmvf nQoafm jv zfïfrv isK spHfsh nQoafm jvf …dyk; dkdb skfmfslvsj
 22
msbfbDk jsvsYb. dkdb äDsbv hAfifsv skfmfslv …iv sjfb jdEbkf zfsvfi jsvbdb;
ˆef skfmfslv dikf ƒhafrDsmv dmïfk (LmGflwG); dkdb iCshG skfmfslv bfmjvB jsvsYb
`mcndtm' ˆhQ ˆƒ oas§¿W; pfsk vnCt skfmfslv ubA nf[D öv™i rq ˆhQ skfmvf nf[D
öv™i rW mfbh ufdkv ubA. (rfÏ } 78)
kfrst kf bf rst jDHfsh k]fvf bf-slJf dhNsq nf[A ialfb jvshb?
sjfb sjfb rflDsn ˆv dhsw½NB ˆƒHfsh ˆsnsY sp, pJb mrfb zfïfr djqfmskv dlb
bhDslvsj duÎfnf jvshb, `skfmvf dj zfmfv zfslw mfbcNslv dbje siZ]sY
dlsqdYst?' kf]vf htshb, `rAf].' zfïfr kfzftf htshb, `skfmfslv dj sjfb nf[D
zfsY?' kf]vf htshb, `rAf], mcrf©mfl ˆhQ kf]v …©mk.' kJb ˆƒ …©mk nf[A
slsh. (zfrnfbct hfqfb)
zfnstƒ ˆ jKf dEj sp, `iadk bhDsjƒ k]fv …©mk nìsá zhok jvfsbf rsq Kfsj
sp, zmcsj ˆv™i jsvsY, zmcsj ˆv™i jsvsY. spb k]fvf svfu djqfmsk nf[Alfsb
nmKG rb.'
bhD dbsu bf kfslv zfmt slsJb, bf ufbsk ifsvb, zfv bf-ƒ k]fslv sj… ofqhD
Jhv ufsbb. ‰ slJcb bf, ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr bnDrk jvfv
ubA zfmfslv mfsU lf]Vfstb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªsr stfj njt! skfmfslvsj
zfïfrv dbje …tÌ if, …tÌ slr W JkbfdhrDb zh²¿fq ˆjdÛk jvf rsh. (zfïfr
hstb,) `spmb zfdm iaKm nxdó jsvdY zfdm icbhGfv kfsj snƒ zh²¿fq dIvfshf. ˆef
zfmfv iadkÎf, pf zfdm icvf jvh.' (nCvf zfdìqf 104 zfqfk)
susb vfsJf! djqfmskv dlb nxdóv msLA nhGiaKm ƒhafrDm -sj h²Ã idvLfb jvfsbf
rsh. zfsvf ðsb vfJ! sn dlb zfmfv …©mskv djYc stfjsj dbsq zfnf rsh zk}iv
kfslvsj hfm dlsj dbsq pfWqf rsh. kfviv zfdm hth, `sr iaHc! ˆvf skf zfmfv
nÌD.' dj§Â zfmfsj htf rsh, `ˆvf zfibfv (mxkcAv) iv (äDsb) jD jD bkcb bkcb
vDdk zfdh®jfv jsvdYt, kf zfidb ufsbb bf.' (ˆ jKf ðsb) zfdm hth--spmb sbj
hf¦lf („nf ) hstdYstb, ªpkdlb zfdm kfslv msLA dYtfm, kkdlb zfdm dYtfm
kfslv dÛÁqfjtfsiv nf[D. dj§Â pJb kcdm zfmfsj kcst dbst, kJb kcdmƒ skf dYst
kfslv dÛÁqfjtfsiv ipGsh[j. zfv kcdm nhGh²Âv …iv nf[D. kcdm pdl kfslvsj
wfd²À lfW, ksh kfvf skfmfvƒ hf¦lf. zfv pdl kfslvsj [mf jv, ksh kcdm skf
ivfÛÁmwftD iaÎfmq.' (nCvf mfsqlf 117 zfqfk) zk}iv zfmfsj htf rsh sp,
`db}ns¦lsr zfibfv sYsV zfnfv iv ˆvf (ƒntfm sKsj) diYsb dIsv dosqdYt.'
(hcJfvD 3447, mcndtm 7380bQ)
bfmfspv kfwfrùsl k]fsj `rfdpv-bfdpv' susb `zfnX-nftfmc zftfƒjf zfƒqcArfb
bfdhqcA' hst nftfm slWqf rq bf, slWqf pfq bf. hvQ kf `lczfsq mfNCvfr' hst spHfsh
k]fv uDhÜwfq iVf rskf, snƒHfsh nsìfLbnCyj wsè iVf rq. bsy{ nfrfhfosBv
zsbsj k]fv dksvfLfsbv iv `zfnX-nftfmc zftfb bfdhdqA' htskb.
ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, zfmfsj vfnCtcïfr kfwfrùl dwdJsqsYb, sn nmq zfmfv
zfmfv rfk k]fv lcƒ rfskv mfsU dYt. spmb dkdb zfmfsj jcvzfsbv nCvf dw[f dlskb,
23
5 : ‫و‬: S:4 5 : 1‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬1*I1 P5 : /:‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬K ': O
4 : ‫و‬: 2R3SB!‫ א‬X: V25 5h4 5 : 1‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬1U :M Œ> !‫א‬:‫ و‬1U‫א‬: 5 #
B !‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> !3 1U B +
3 bB!‫א‬
.1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1•1&4 : ‫א‬Q&'B +
: 81 B‫ن‬5 1&X: 4 5 ‫و‬: 1*> !‫@ >! א‬A :*!5 @A !5 ‫ن‬4 5 1&X: 4 5 : +
3 !3 #
B !‫ א‬3*> !‫ א‬3‫ د‬:3
ˆmb htkfm, pJb dkdb zfmfslv mfsU uDdhk dYstb. zk}iv k]fv ƒd§Àjft rst
htsk tfotfm,
....MR3 SB!‫ א‬5 : 1‫ م‬5 B !‫א‬
(hcJfvD 6265bQ)
htf hfùtA, ˆ dYt mrfbhD -ˆv dbsuv swJfsbf kfwfrùslv lczf. kf dm'vfsuv
vfsk mrfb zfïfrv nfsK jsKfijKsbv hfjAfhtD bq. zfv `k]fv v™r mcntmfbslv
oxrnmCsr nh nmsq rfdpv Kfsj' hst …ÙÁv™i nsìfLbnCyj hfsjA k]fsj nftfm slWqf
rq bf. ˆmb nh LfvBf HdÙÁv zfdkwspA öjsiftjd¬ik vybf W vebf mfÛ, pfv sjfb
nrDr dHdÙ W iamfB sbƒ.
kKfjdKk nCIDoB htskb, `pdl itsjv ubAW vfnCtcïfr zfmfsj lwGb rsk
z§ÀdrGk rskb, zfmvf kJb dbsuslvsj mcntmfb hst msb jvkfm bf' hstƒ iamfB
rq bf sp, dkdb rfdpv W bfdpv. ˆv ubA jcvzfb W rflDsnv ±ió ltDt tfso.
y]fl-nCpG W zfqbf hf ifdbv …lfrvsBvW sjfb iasqfub sbƒ. nrDr iamfB Kfjst
mc'dmbvf …lfrvB W pcdÙÁ YfVfƒ k]fsj `rfdpv-bfdpv' hst dhw¶fn j'sv sbsh.
htf hfùtA, `k]fv bCv nxdóv iaKm rsk nh djYc iakA[Hfsh lwGb jsvsYb.
lcdbqfskW jvshb ˆhQ zfdJvfskW jvshb.'
`dkdb bhczskv bCv äfvf zhok rsq Kfsjb.'---ˆ njt jKfW ltDt W dHdÙrDb.
ndEj rt, `iadk bhDsjƒ k]fv …©mk nìsá zhok jvfsbf rsq Kfsj sp, zmcsj
ˆv™i jsvsY, zmcsj ˆv™i jsvsY. spb k]fvf svfu djqfmsk nf[Alfsb nmKG rb.'
ˆ ubAƒ htf rsqsY,
. X !A l S!‫‚ * א‬P ‫ ل‬+ ! &\ f ! ¥ 8 \ ‫و‬
zKGf{, (bhDoB dbu dbu …©mksj khtDo jsvsYb ˆ msmG dkdb djqfmsk nf[A
slshb.) zKhf kf zh²¿f lwGsbv dHdÙsk, spb dkdb kf iakA[ jvsYb.
`spb dkdb kf iakA[ jvsYb', zKGf{ hf²Àsh bq. zh²¿f ±ió rWqfv siad[sk dkdb
nf[A ialfb jvshb, spmb nfrfhD Jcpfmfv nf[A.
ˆjlf mrfbhD nfWqf dhb jfƒn mcrfsvhD shlc„sbv dbje sKsj ˆjde sOfVf
djbstb. dj§Â sn ‰ dhÛÁsqv jKf zöDjfv jsv ˆhQ hst, `kcdm pdl zfmfv jfsY
sOfVf djsbY, kfrst nf[D …id²¿k jv.' ˆ jKf ðsb Jcpfƒmfr dhb nfshk nfrfhD k]fv
nis[ nf[A dlsq htstb, `ˆƒ sOfVf skfmfv dbje sKsj …db JvDl jsvsYb.' bhD
k]fsj htstb, ªkcdm skf zfmfslv sOfVf ÛÁq-dhÛÁsqv nmq …id²¿k dYst bf, kfrst
nf[A dlst jDHfsh?« dkdb htstb, `zfidb pf hstb, kfskƒ zfdm zfibfsj
nkAhflD hst ufdb. zfsvf ufdb sp zfidb jJsbf dmKAf htshb bf.' mrfbhD
htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁv nis[ zKhf dhis[ Jcpfƒmfr nf[A slsh, nfs[Av ubA sn ˆjfƒ
psKó.« zfv kJb sKsjƒ k]fv …ifdL isV sot `Fht nf[A-Wqftf' nfrfhD. (zfhC
 24
lf†l 3607, bfnf„ 4661bQ, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm 2/22, hfƒrfjD 10/146)

zft-zfsj¶h
ˆ …ibfsmv zKG rt, iÇyfsk zfombjfvD. spsrkc dkdb bhDosBv nhfv swsN
ˆsnsYb, kfƒ dkdb `zft-zfsj¶h'.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
c3W!> ‫ א‬1 3 +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: : Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3/ 1*> !‫ א‬+
1 '4 V: c3W!> ‫ א‬R3O ': !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: 1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 N ': 4 5 K : '4 ;
: R3!)
.2 3 : 1•:&4 /: :•4 !5 x3W!> ‫ א‬1d63 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬،(1d63 : !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: R38:&65 5 : 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1 f: +
4 V1
zKGf{, zfmfv i]fyde bfm, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl. zfdm mfrD (dbdÇyrÁjfvD), pfv
äfvf zfïfr jcIvD dbdÇyrÁ jvshb. zfdm rfswv, pfv iliafs§À mfbcsNv rfwv rsh. zfv
zfdm rtfm zfsj¶h (nh swsN zfombjfvD), pfv isv sjfb bhD sbƒ. (hcJfvD 3532,
mcndtm 6251bQ)
dkdbƒ bhDosBv swN bhD. dkdbƒ Jf-kfmcb bfdhqADb. k]fv isv zfv sjfb bhD sbƒ.

zft-j¶fsnm
`j¶fsnm' mfsb h¦ebjfvD. zfïfrv mft idvshwbjfvD. hfqkct mfstv mft
dhkvBjfvD. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(1H3 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: Œ3 4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬، @7VM&!‫ א‬3 1*X4 nq Y5 V1 ‫א‬Q 4 ;
: 3*/3 1*> !‫ א‬3‫ @د‬V1 74 8: )
zKGf{, zfïfr pfv nfsK mÌt yfb, kfsj äDsbv Îfb lfb jsvb. zfv zfïfr lfkf
ˆhQ zfdm h¦ebjfvD. (hcJfvD 3116bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.« 1*> !‫ א‬Œ3 4 V1 ‫و‬: H< 3 65 :5 ': B@A‫و‬: @7VM&!‫ א‬3 1*X4 nq Y5 V1 ‫א‬Q 4 ; : 3*/3 1*> !‫ א‬3‫ @د‬V1 74 8: »
zKGf{, zfïfr pfv nfsK mÌt yfb, kfsj äDsbv Îfb lfb jsvb. zfdm h¦ebjfvD
mfÛ. zfv zfïfr lfb jsv Kfsjb. (mcndtm 2439bQ)
zhwA ˆ h¦eb k]fv uDhÜwfv nfsK n©ixÙÁ. obDmskv mft, pfjfk, mDvfn ƒkAfdl
dkdb h¦eb jsvsYb. sj jk ifsh, kf zfïfr hfkst dlsqsYb. zfv dkdb h¦eb
jsvsYb.
zfnst dkdb k]fv uDhÜwfq ufodkj n©il h¦ebjfvD dYstb. sjfb zfLAfdk¹j
n©idÙ bq, jfsvf ncJ-nmxdÝ bq. k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv iv sn n©il h¦eb jvfv sjfb
iafndÌjkfƒ sbƒ.
mftLb dhdt-h¦esbv s[sÛ sjfb iajfv zbAqfyvB jvf ³hL bq. zfïfrv mft kfv
pKfKG rjlfvsj lfb jvsk rq. bsy{ djqfmsk kfv wfd²À zfsY. mrfbhD hstsYb,
. ( 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: 1 SB!‫ א‬1HX1 5 5 ، Z¤ O
: @ 4 “: /3 3*> !‫ ل@ א‬8: 3 :‫ ن‬k1 Bž: b:V: ? L : @ B‫@ن‬A )
25
ªdjYc stfj zfïfrv mft bfrj hAq-h¦eb jvsh. nckvfQ kfslv ubA djqfmskv
dlb ufrfâfsmv zfÈb vsqsY.« (hcJfvD 3118bQ)
dj§Â dkdb zrDiafå Îfb W dhshsj sjfb sjfb mfbcNsj zfjxó jvfv ubA zfïfrv
mft shdw lfb jvskb. kfsk sjfb sjfb mfbcsNv msb dhv™i iadkdÛÁqf hf jcLfvBf rsk
ifsv, ˆƒ zfwËfq dkdb hstdYstb,
:‫ ن‬P5 N•: : ‫و‬: N !5 5‚4 8: 74 : 1*b14 Œ5 4 5 74 8: ‫و‬: 3* 3 1*!5 Kg: :1 5 •
ٍ Yْ : 3d ¦3 74 : 1*b14 Œ5 4 5 74 ': 5 ‫; @ز <ن‬
: :5 ': B@A »
.« 1Š:f4 V: 5?‫و‬: 1 PK ْ‚V: x3W!> P5
zKGf{, zfdm sjht JfufdÑ mfÛ. nckvfQ pfsj zfdm JcwD msb lfb jdv, kfsj kfsk
hjGk slWqf rsh. zfv pfsj zfdm (kfv) pfdyRf hf stfsHv jfvsB dlsq Kfdj, sn rq
snƒ hAdÙÁv mskf, sp Jfq dj§Â kxå rq bf. (mcndtm 2436bQ)
`zfïfrƒ lfkf' zKGf{, zfdm dbuö vfq äfvf ˆ h¦eb jdv, dbsuv ƒ¤Yfmskf jf…sj
lfb jdv, jf…sj hdÑk jdv, ˆmb bq. hvQ zfïfrƒ pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj slb. zfdm
sjht snƒ lfb kfv jfsY si]ZsY dlƒ. ˆƒ ubA dkdb hstsYb,
.(1U4 83 K 1¢4 O
: 1Šk: 5 H< 3 65 :5 ': B@A H4 JK 1 S:84 5 !5 ‫و‬: H4 JK Œ3 4 K 8: )
ªzfdm skfmfslvsj lfb jdv bf, zfv hdÑk jdv bf. zfdm sjht h¦ebjfvD mfÛ.
spJfsb (mft) vfJsk zfmfsj zfslw jvf rq, zfdm snJfsbƒ vfdJ.« (hcJfvD 3117bQ)
zKGf{, zfdm zfïfrvƒ zfslsw jf…sj lfb jdv, k]fvƒ zfslsw jf…sj hdÑk jdv.
ˆv jfYfjfdY wsè hdBGk rsqsY zfhC lf†l (2951bQ)ˆ. dkdb hstsYb,
.« 1U4 83 K 1¢4 O : 1Šk : 5 ‫; @ز <ن‬ : >?@A :5 ‫ن‬4 @A 1• '1 JK 1 S:84 5 8: ‫و‬: N 4 : 74 83 H4 JK I3 ‫و‬K 8: »
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.(H4 JK S:4 /: 1H3 6ْ 5 H< 3 65 :5 ': B@‘5 )
zKGf{, zfdm sjht dhkvBjfvD mfÛ. skfmfslv mfsU dhkvB jdv. (hcJfvD 6196,
mcndtm 5710bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.« H4 JK S:4 /: 1H3 6ْ 5 'Q 3 65 19„4 3 /1 ': B@A »
zKGf{, zfdm sjht idvshwbjfvDv™si siadvk rsqdY. skfmfslv mfsU idvshwb jdv.
(mcndtm 5711-5712, 5717bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.« H4 JK S:4 /: 1H3 6ْ 5 'Q 3 65 19ْ 3 L
1 ': B@A »
zKGf{, zfmfsj sjht h¦ebjfvD hfbfsbf rsqsY. zfdm skfmfslv mfsU h¦eb jdv.
(‰ 5714bQ)
htf hfùtA, hkGmfsbW pfvf k]fsj `j¶fsnm' hf ncJ-nmxdÝ hf zfq-…âdkv h¦ebjfvD
LfvBf jsv ˆhQ k]fv dbje kf iafKGbf jsv, kfvf mcwdvj. sn yfWqf yfƒsk rsh sjht
mrfb zfïfùt mc'k¶Dv jfsY. dkdbƒ sn nshv lfkf. hfjD obDmskv mft, pfjfk W
mDvfn ƒkAfdlv h¦eb zfïfrv djkfh W zfb-bfdhqcAt j¶fsnm -ˆv ncâfr äfvf rsh.
 26
iajfw Kfsj sp,
@ 83 ‫א‬: 5‚ْ !3 › ': #
4 3 8: b:: !ْ ‫ א‬1‫' ل‬: ‰3 ** 3*X@ L
4 : /3 1‫' م‬: “: !ْ ‫ א‬n5 4 b:4 V1 :m: /4 5 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, dkdb soZvhBG, k]fv syrfvf äfvf hxdó iafKGbf jvf rsq Kfsj. dkdb zbfKslv
zfwaq²¿t ˆhQ dhLhfslv v[Bfsh[BjfvD. (zfrmfl 5673, hcJfvD 1008-1009, ƒhsb
mfufr 1272bQ)
ˆ jKf mrfbhD -ˆv yfyf zfhC kfsth k]fv iawQnfq hstdYstb. zfv ˆ jKfW k]fv
uDhÜwfv nfsK n©ixÙÁ.
dkdb Lb-n©il h¦ebjfvD dYstb k]fv uDhÜwfq. ƒd§Àjfstv iv dkdb ˆ uoskv
Hfo-h¦esbv mfdtj bb. ˆjmfÛ mrfb zfïfrƒ mfbcsNv v¢pD, ncJ-nmxdÝ, Lb-n©il
lfb jsv Kfsjb, dkdbƒ h¦eb jsv Kfsjb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
m
ٍ 4 /: :‫ق‬4 5 H4 X1 : 4 /: S:4 5 : ‫و‬: : 4 2&!‫" א‬3 : +
: !ْ ‫ א‬R3 H4 X1 b:f: 3 8B H1XS:4 /: S:'4 : 65 17+
4 : 5h/M: 5 ': O
4 : :‫' ن‬1 3 nْ V: H4 \1 5 }
;T!‫( " א‬٣٢) {:‫ ن‬1 ': ~ 4 V: 'B 8M < 4 ; : 5h/M: 19': O 4 : ‫و‬: V̈@ ž 4 1 Q 4 /: H1X1 4 /: :Wž 3 bB: !3 NU L: : :‫د‬
zKGf{, ˆvf dj skfmfv iadkiftsjv zbcora h¦eb jsv! zfdmƒ Wslv msLA uDdhjf
h¦eb jsvdY Wslv ifdKGh uDhsb ˆhQ ˆjsj zisvv …iv mpGflfq …âk jsvdY; pfsk
Wvf ˆsj zisvv äfvf jfu jdvsq dbsk ifsv ˆhQ Wvf pf umf jsv, kf rsk skfmfv
iadkiftsjv zbcora …{jxókv. (pcJv¢I } 32)
uDdhk mfbcN dbu Lb-n©il h¦eb jvsk ifsv. ˆ h¦eb kfv ˆJdkqfvHcÙÁ. ˆ
uo{ sYsV yst pfWqfv iv kfv zfv sjfb ˆJdkqfv Kfsj bf.
mrfb zfïfr ˆjde Oebfv iadk ƒdÌk jsv mcbfdIjslv ˆjde sofôDv jKf hstsYb,
ْ‫' א‬1 n5 : 8: ‫و‬: ْ‫! א‬K S:V: H4 !5 ': /3 ْ‫' א‬2 \: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 83 5 4 @A :&4 /: ْ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: @ Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬5 ': 3P5 ْ‫! א‬K 65 &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: ْ‫! א‬K 65 8: 3*’ ! /3 :‫ ن‬YK 3+4 V:}
R3 'Q !35 /Q‫א‬:W: 1*’ !‫ א‬1HX1 /4 MW: V1 ‫א‬4 !> : b:V: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: H4 X1 !> ‫א‬Q 4 ;
: KhV: ْ‫ א‬/1 b1V: ‫‘@ن‬5 3*34 5 738 1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬1H\1 S:©ْ 5 ‫ن‬4 5 >?@A
/ b!‫( " א‬٧٤) {•
ٍ#3 : 5?‫و‬: R¤ !3‫و‬: 738 @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 H4 X1 !5 8: ‫و‬: "3 : ;
3 ª‫א‬:‫ و‬: 4 2&!‫א‬
zKGf{, kfvf zfïfrv bfsm wiK j'sv hst sp, kfvf (ofdt) hstdb, zKy dbÇyqƒ
kfvf jcIvD jKf hstsY ˆhQ dbsuslv ƒntfm oarsBv iv jfsIv rsq sosY, zfv kfvf
ˆmb dhNsqv nQj¬i jsvdYt pf kfvf jfpGjvD jvsk ifsvdb. zfv kfvf wcLc ˆƒ ubA
slfNfsvfi jsvdYt sp, kfslvsj zfïfr ˆhQ kf]v vnCt dbu zbcosa r zHfhmcÙÁ j'sv
dlsqdYstb, zb§Àv pdl kfvf kWhf jsv, kfrst kf kfslv ubA jtAfBjv rsh; zfv
pdl kfvf dhmcJ rq, kfrst zfïfr kfslvsj ƒrjfst W ivjfst p§ÃBfmq wfd²À ialfb
jvshb ˆhQ HC-ixsô kfslv bf sjfb ztD (zdHHfhj) rsh, zfv bf sjfb nfrfpAjfvD.
(kfWhfr } 74)
mcndtmslv druvskv iv mlDbf wrv sj¦û drnfsh iadkôf tfH jsvdYt. pfv jfvsB
snJfsb hAhnf-hfdBuAW hV …âdk tfH jvsk tfot ˆhQ kfv Ist mlDbfhfnDslv
zKGSbdkj zh²¿f yfÌf rsq …Et. mlDbfv mcbfdIj¶v¶ fW ˆsk …ijxk rt. zfïfr
kfzftf …ÙÁ zfqfsk ˆ jKfƒ hstsYb, kfvf dj ˆƒ slfN zfsvfi jsv zKhf ˆƒ
jKfq bfvfu sp, zfïfr kfzftf kfslvsj dbu zbcosa r LbD hfdbsq dlsqsYb?
27
zKGf{ ˆef bfvfu rWqfv, vfo hf slfsNv jKf skf bq. hvQ kfslvsj zfïfrv iadk
jxkÎ rWqf …dyk sp, dkdb kfslvsj ldvlakf sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsq n¤Yt W Lbhfb hfdbsq
dlsqsYb. susb vfJf lvjfv sp, zfïfr kfzftfv nfsK vnCt -ˆv …sïJ ˆƒ ubA
jvf rsqsY sp, ˆƒ n¤Yt W Lbhfb rWqfv hfdrAj jfvB rstb bhD . zfnst
zfïfrƒ rstb n¤Ytkf W Lblfkf. ˆƒ ubAƒ zfqfsk *3 5 738 ˆjhysbv nhGbfm
hAhrfv jvf rsqsY. zKG ˆƒ sp, zfïfr kfzftf dbu zbcosa r kfslvsj zHfhmcÙÁ
jsv dlsqsYb. (zfrnfbct hfqfb)
i[f§Àsv …ÙÁ nhGbfsmv ƒdÌk dbjehkGD wè `vnCt'W rsk ifsv. zKGf{, vnCt
dbu zbcosa r kfslvsj zHfhmcÙÁ jsvdYstb. kfv mfsb mrfb zfïfr k]fv spfoA
zbcora äfvf kfslvsj n¤Yt jsvdYstb ˆhQ k]fv vnCt -W k]fv spfoA zbcora äfvf
kfslvsj n¤Yt jsvdYstb. jfu ˆjƒ. vnCt sp jfu jsvsYb, kf zfïfrv
dbslGswƒ jsvsYb. mrfb zfïfr vnCt -ˆv mfLAsm, k]fv hjGk W drkfjf£[fv
zbcnfsv kfslvsj lfdvûA sKsj mcÙÁ jsvdYstb.
vnCt kfslvsj obDmskv mfstv Hfo dlsq zHfhmcÙÁ jsvdYstb.
dkdb ˆjde Jcsbv Oebfq dhyfsv JcbDsj hfsvf rfufv `dlqfk' zflfq dlsk hfLA jsv
kfslvsj LbD jsv dlsqdYstb. (kInDv zft-hfrv¢t mflDl 3/137, zfpWqf…t hfqfb 3/110)
…ÙÁ zfqfk rsk ±iókƒ iamfdBk rq sp, zfïfr spv™i hf¦lfslvsj Lb-n©il
lfsbv zdLjfv vfsJb, skmdb k]fv vnCtW …©mksj kû™i Lb-n©il lfsbv
[mkfiafå, k]fv uDhÜwfq. k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv isv bq. mcntmfbosBv ztDslv
shtfsqk W zfdtmosBv ƒtXm k]fvƒ uDhÜwfv lfb. dkdb dwdJsqsYb, jDHfsh ztD
rWqf pfq. dkdb nfrfhfsq sjvfm -sj dwdJsqsYb zfïfr ialÙ ƒtXm.
pmDsbv JfdubfnmCsrv pfhkDq jcdÓ k]fv rs²À snfilG jvf rsqdYt. zfv kfv mfsb
ˆƒ bq sp, hkGmfsbW dkdb pfsj ƒ¤Yf pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ lfb jvsk ifsvb. hvQ dkdb dbu
uDhÜwfq dbu zfqÙfLDb h²Â mfbcNsj lfb jsv sosYb. ƒd§Àjfstv iv kf ifsvb bf.
dkdb hstsYb,
.(c3&V: R3 9
4 :k
3 1 5 @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ‫@ א‬7s3‫א‬:T;
: @] I3 Y5 ': /3 19 I3K H< s3 : :5 S:4:5 3d4 2 ! /3 1U4 #
3 1‫و‬: @H3J5 !ْ‫@ א‬Š83 ‫א‬: ~
: /3 19„43 /1)
zKGf{, hùtfKG hfjA-nr zfdm siadvk rsqdY, (jfsIvslv msb) zfkË ias[i äfvf
zfdm nfrfpAiafå rsqdY, zfv ˆj nmq pJb zfdm Ocdmsq dYtfm, kJb (ösi´) ixdKhDv
pfhkDq Hfàfsvv yfdhvfdw ˆsb zfmfv rfsk vfJf rsqsY. (hcJfvD 2997, 6998, 7273,
mcndtm 1196bQ)
…ÙÁ rflDsn `pmDsbv JfdubfnmCsrv pfhkDq jcdÓ k]fv rs²À snfilG jvf rsqdYt
zKhf ixdKhDv pfhkDq Hfàfsvv yfdhvfdw ˆsb k]fv rfsk vfJf rsqdYt', kfv mfsb ˆƒ
bq sp, djqfmk ipG§À dkdb kf dhdt-h¦eb jvsk ifsvb.
hvQ kfv mfsb rt ˆƒ sp, öi´spfso mrfb zfïfr vnCt -sj zrD jsvdYstb sp,
k]fv …©mk nfvf ixdKhDv mfdtj rsh, nfvf ixdKhDmq kfslv zfdLikA jfsqm rsh, nfvf
ixdKhDsk zfïfrv äDb iadkôf tfH jvsh. iaskAj Osv Osv ƒntfm iashw jvsh.
 28
mrfbhD hstsYb,
R3! :c‫ز @و‬1 8: X: JK ْ 81 1šK 4: : R3b8B K B‫‘@ن‬5 ، X: /:@ “: 8: ‫و‬: X: 65 @ f: 8: 94V5 : 5 ، :‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬:R!3 x:‫زو‬: 5%‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
.(:m: /45 ‫א‬:‫ و‬: ': O
4 5 ‫ א‬: @7V4 T: S4 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬19 Œ3 4 K ‫و‬: ، X: S4 83
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr zfmfv ubA ixdKhDsj Èdesq dlsqsYb. nckvfQ zfdm kfv iChG W
idÇym (zKGf{ icsvfefƒ) slsJdY. dbÇyq zfmfv …©mskv vfuk¶ kklCv si]ZYsh, pklCv
zfmfv ubA Èdesq slWqf rsqsY (zKGf{ icsvfefƒ). zfv zfmfsj slWqf rsqsY tft W
nflf (öBG W svZiA-Hfàfv). (zfrmfl 17115, mcndtm 7440, zfhC lf†l 4252, dkvdmpD
2176, ƒhsb mfufr 2952bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
‫א‬:W\: 1*> !‫ א‬1*5 ;
: ‫د‬4 5 !>@A ٍ /:‫و‬: !5 ‫و‬: ٍ :&8: :94 /: 1*> !‫ א‬Kg1 b4 V: !5 ‫و‬: ، 1 X: SB!‫א‬:‫ و‬1 4 > !‫ א‬:š5 /: 8: 1 84 5‚!ْ ‫א א‬:W\: B7“: K 4 : !5 )
.(: Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬3*/3 1*> !‫ א‬2‫ل‬3WV1 !« 1‫وذ‬: ، :‫ م‬5 4 @‘!ْ ‫ א‬3*/3 1*> !‫ א‬T2 3 V1 ‫א‬T̈3 ، ٍ !3:‫ ذ‬M‫ل‬1W/3 ‫و‬4 5 Tٍ V@T: TM 3 /3 ، :7VM&!‫א‬
zKGf{, zhwAƒ ˆ äDb si]ZYsh, spJfsb vfk-dlb si]ZsYsY. zfïfr sjfb Ov W dwdhsv
ˆ äDb iadhó bf jsv YfVshb bf; n©mfbDv n©mfsbv nfsK srfj zKhf zn©mfbDv
zn©mfsbv nfsK srfj. ˆmb n©mfb, pfv äfvf zfïfr ƒntfmsj n©mfdbk jvshb ˆhQ
ˆmb zn©mfb, pfv äfvf zfïfr jcIXvDsj tfdÒk jvshb. (zfrmfl 16957, k¶fhfvfbDv
jfhDv 601, rfsjm 8326, dn} nrDrfr 3bQ)
hcUf sot, `pmDsbv JfdubfnmCsrv pfhkDq jcdÓ k]fv rs²À snfilG jvf'v mfsb rt
ƒntfsmv dhuq tfH rWqf zKhf kfv zKG ixdKhDv Jdbu-n©il tfH rWqf. öBG-
svZiA W jfqnfv W djnvfv Lb-n©il r²Àok rWqf.
ˆƒ ubA …ÙÁ rflDn hBGbfv iv zfhC ùvfƒvf hstsYb,
. X: : K „3 b:S4 I: H4 b14 5 ‫و‬: :H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬,
: 3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : :d\: :‫& ذ‬4 65 ‫و‬:
. X: : K n3 b:S4 I: H4 b14 5 ‫و‬: :H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬,
: 3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : :d\: :W5
. X: : „1©5 4 I: ‫و‬4 5 X: : „1“: ْ I: H4 b14 5 ‫و‬: :H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬, : 3*> !‫ل א‬1 1 : :d\: :‫& ذ‬4 n5 5
zKGf{, vfnCtïc fr yst sosYb, ˆJb skfmvf kf dboGk jvY. (hcJfvD 2997bQ)
vfnCtïc fr yst sosYb, ˆJb skfmvf kf hrb jsv zfbY. (hcJfvD 6998bQ)
vfnCtïc fr yst sosYb, ˆJb skfmvf kf H[B jvY. (hcJfvD 7273bQ)
dkdb shsrwXkDslv mfsU shsrwXk h¦ebjfvDW bb. spsrkc kf ltDtrDb lfhD.
i[f§Àsv dkdb hstsYb,
.(( 3*3': : / H4 JK S4 83 &< O : 5 :~ 1 S4 V: 74 !5 1*B5 ‫' א‬1 5 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬، ‫وא‬1‫د‬M&: ‫و‬: ‫ א‬/1@ 65 ))
ªskfmvf (sr mcntmfsbvf!) (äDsbv hAfifsv) dmkfyfdvkf zhtìb jv ˆhQ snfuf
rsq Kfj. zfv susb vfJ sp, skfmfslv msLA sj…ƒ öDqjsmGv äfvf (ivjfst) idvÛfB
ifsh bf.«
nfrfhDoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidbW dj bb?' dkdb htstb,
.((ٍ 4 5 ‫و‬: 1*S38 N 5 : / %‫ א‬:R3 :&'B “: b:V: ‫ن‬4 >?A 5?‫و‬: ))
29
ªzfdmW bƒ. ksh pdl zfïfr zfmfsj kf]v zbcosa r W lqfsk sTsj sbb.« (mcndtm
7295bQ)
zbA ˆ hBGbfq dkdb hstsYb,
.« 3*> !‫ א‬:783 N ': O
4 : /3 >?@A :5 5?‫و‬: @ SB!‫ א‬:783 1••
1~3 V1 5?‫و‬: 5 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬1*K ': : H4 JK S4 83 ‫א‬Q&O
:51;
3 &4 V1 5? »
zKGf{, skfmfslv jf…sj kfv zfmt kfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfsh bf ˆhQ ufrfâfm
sKsjW idvÛfB slsh bf, zfmfsjW bf. ksh pdl zfïfrv vrmk rq. (mcndtm 7299bQ)
ˆ rt zfïfrv kWrDl. dkdb pfsj pkef ƒ¤Yf kfsj kkef mpGflf dlsq Kfsjb. dkdb
sp ƒ¤Yfmq hflwf. dkdb dbu bhD -sj mpGflf dlsqsYb zbAHfsh.
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfdm nhGiaKm ufâfskv lvufq jvfOfk jvh. |||||zfdmƒ
ufâfsk iaKm ncifdvwjfvD rh.« (mcndtm 197bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªzfdm ufâfskv dbje ˆsn kfv lvuf Jctsk hth. lfsvfqfb
dIdvwXkf htshb, `sj zfidb?' zfdm hth, `mcrf©mfl.' lfsvfqfb htshb, `zfdm
zfdló rsqdY, spb zfibfv iCshG zbA jfsvf ubA lvuf bf Jcdt.« (‰)
nckvfQ k]fsj kWrDslv öfsKG dhbf ltDst ufâfk-h¦ebjfvD bfƒ-hf httfm.

zft-mfrD
`mfrD' mfsb dbdÇyrÁjfvD. sp mcsY slq, dmdesq slq, lCv j'sv slq.
iCshG …dïdJk rflDsn mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfdm mfrD (dbdÇyrÁjfvD), pfv äfvf
zfïfr jcIvD dbdÇyrÁ jvshb.«
htf hfùtA, k]fv bhczskv vdh jcIvDv zájfv lCv j'sv dlsqsY. mÄfsk …dlk
rsq nfvf dhsw¶ sn zfstf YdVsq iVsY. ˆj nmq ixdKhDv njt ubisl ƒntfsmv
ikfjf …ÖDb rsh. iaskAj Osv Osv ƒntfsmv zfstf …϶t rsq …Esh. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
(٣٣) {:‫ ن‬PK @ f4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:•@ P5 4 !5 ‫و‬: 3*q PK @7VM&!‫ א‬5 : •1 : X@ ƒْ 1 !3 MZ+
: !ْ ‫@ א‬7V3‫ود‬: x:&X1 !ْ /3 1*!5 1 : : : 4 5 c3W!> ‫ א‬: \1 }
zKGf{, dkdbƒ iKdbslGw (jcvzfb) ˆhQ nkA LmG nr dbu vnCt siavB jsvsYb, pfsk
kfsj njt LsmGv …iv uqpcÙÁ jsvb, pdlW zQwDhflDvf ziaDdkjv msb jsv.
(kfWhfr 33, n¶fIX 9)
mrfbhD -ˆv nCphG { bhczk zfnfv iv zbA njt bhczskv y¦û W kfvjf
zfjfw rsk dhtDb rsq sosY. nckvfQ k]fv zbcnvB YfVf mcdÙÁv zbA iK zhdwó sbƒ.
zfv k]fv zbcnvB jvstƒ iCshGjfv pfhkDq ifivfwD smfyb rsq pfsh, dmse pfsh.
ƒhsb dwmfnfr hstb, zfmXv ƒhsb zf'n -ˆv mvsBf¦mcJ nmsq zfmvf kf]v
dbjse …id²¿k rtfm. dkdb zsbj [B Lsv jf]lsk Kfjstb ˆhQ slWqfstv dlsj mcJ
dIdvsq dbstb. ˆv™i zh²¿f slsJ kf]v ˆj sYst htt, `zfêfufb! zfibfsj dj
 30
vfnCtïc fr zmcj dudbsnv ncnQhfl slbdb? zfibfsj dj vfnCtcïfr zmcj
dudbsnv ncnQhfl slbdb?' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb k]fv syrfvf nfmsbv dlsj j'sv htstb,
zfmfslv nshGfÙm i]dc u rt, ˆƒ nf[A ialfb jvf sp, zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ
ˆhQ mcrf©mfl zfïfrv vnCt. zfdm uDhsbv dkbde ²Àv zdkÛÁm jsvdY.
(ˆj) zfmfv sysq vfnCtïc fr -ˆv iadk hV dhsäND zfv sj… dYt bf. kf]sj rkAf
jvfv [mkf zuGb jvfƒ dYt zfmfv k{jftDb nhGfdLj diaq hfnbf. pdl (lcHGfoAÛÁsm)
kJb mfvf spkfm, kfrst db}ns¦lsr zfdm ufrfâfmD rkfm.
(lcƒ) kfviv pJb zfïfr kfzftf zfmfv z§Àsv ƒntfm iad[å jvstb, kJb bhD
-ˆv dbje rfdpv rsq dbshlb jvtfm, `zfibfv Ffb rfk ianfdvk jv¢b. zfdm
zfibfv rfsk hfqzfk jvsk yfƒ.' h²Âk} dkdb Ffb rfk hfdVsq dlstb. dj§Â zfdm
zfmfv rfk sesb dbtfm. dkdb htstb, ªzfmXv! jD hAfifv?« zfdm dbshlb jvtfm,
`ˆjde wkG zfsvfi jvsk yfƒ.' dkdb htstb, ªwkGde jD?« zfdm httfm, `zfmfsj
[mf jvf srfj---ðLc ˆkecjcƒ.' dkdb htstb,
.«1*5 465 :‫ ن‬P5 8: 1‫م‬3&X4 V: B¬+
: !ْ‫ א‬B‫ن‬5‫و‬: X: 5465 :‫ ن‬P5 8: 1‫م‬3&X4 I: "5 : ~
4 X@ !ْ‫ א‬B‫ن‬5 ‫و‬: 1*5 465 :‫ ن‬P5 8: 1‫م‬3&X4 V: :‫م‬5 4 @z‫ א‬B‫ن‬5 :9'4 3: 8: 5»
ªkcdm dj ufsbf bf sp, ƒntfm iCshGv nm²À ifivfdwsj dmdesq slq, druvk iCshGv
nm²À ifivfdwsj dbdÇyrÁ j'sv sIst ˆhQ r϶W iCshGv ifinmCr L¶Qn j'sv slq?«
kJb sKsj vfnCtïc fr zsi[f zdLj diaq mfbcN zfv sj… sbƒ. zfv zfmfv
lxdósk kf]v sysq n©mfbDq hAdÙÁ zfv sj… sbƒ. kf]sj n©mfb W waÝfÎfib jvfv
zh²¿f ˆv™i dYt sp, kf]v dlsj bqbHsv kfjfsk ifvkfm bf. pfv Ist zfmfsj sj…
pdl iaw´ jsv sp, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv oEbfjxdk djv™i dYt?' kfrst zfdm kf
htsk ifvh bf. ˆ zh²¿fq pdl zfmfv mxkcA rsq spk, kfrst zfwf dYt sp, zfdm
ufâfkhfnDslv z§ÀHÙ Gc Á rkfm.
(dkb) kfviv hù lfdqk¶iCBG dhNqfdlv Jæsv iVtfm. ufdb bf, kfsk zfmfv zh²¿f
jD? nckvfQ zfdm mfvf sost sjfb mfkmjfdvBD zKhf zfÈb spb zhwAƒ zfmfv
(ufbfpfv) nfsK bf Kfsj. kfviv pJb zfmfsj lfIb jvsh, kJb spb skfmvf zfmfv
jhsv z¬i z¬i j'sv mfde slsh. zk}iv ˆjde …e pshr j'sv kfv mfQn h¦eb
jvfv nmq idvmfB zfmfv jhsvv ifsw zsi[f jvsh. pfsk zfdm skfmfslv nfrfspA
db}nÌkf lCv jvsk ifdv ˆhQ zfmfv iaHcv siadvk dIdvñfslv nsÌ djv™i hfjX-dhdbmq
jdv, kf slsJ dbƒ. (mcndtm 336bQ)
zfv ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٣٨) {@ !3‫و‬B 5 ‫ א‬K SB1 9 4 : 8: &4 n5 5 ْ‫وא‬1‫ د‬1 V: ‫ن‬4 @A‫و‬: :}5 : &4 65 8B H1X!5 4 Y5 “: V1 ْ‫ א‬X1 b:S:V ‫@ن‬A ْ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W> !3 6K }
zKGf{, zdhÇhfnDslvsj kcdm ht, pdl kfvf (jcIvD W zdhw¶fn sKsj) dhvk rq,
kfrst zkDsk kfslv pf (ifi) rsqsY zfïfr kf [mf jvshb, dj§Â kfvf pdl
zbAfsqv icbvfhxdÙ jsv, kfrst iChhG kDGslv (nfsK zfmfv zfydvk) vDdk skf vsqsYƒ.
(‚bXIft } 38)
mrfbhD äfvf pk jcIvD smfyb jvf rsqsY, kk zbA bhD äfvf rqdb. spsrkc
31
njt bhD siadvk dYstb nDdmk n©ialfsqv iadk. dj§Â swNbhD siadvk dYstb nfvf
ufrfsbv mfbcsNv iadk.
htf hfùtA, `zft-mfrD' …ibfm k]fv ubA nkAƒ nfKGj.

zfbX-bfpDv
`bfpDv' mfsb nkjGjfvD, Hq ialwGbjfvD.
mrfbhD spmb dhswN n©ialfqsj ncnQhfllfkf, skmdb zbA ˆj n©ialfqsj
nkjGjfvD W Hq ialwGbjfvD. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
~(‫( " א‬٨٩) {1 3'1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 V3WSB!‫ א‬:5 RM@A 4 6K ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm ht, `zfdm skf iajfwA nkjGjfvD.' (druXv }89)
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬١) { ‫א‬Q V3W: : '3 !5 : ْ !3 :‫ ن‬JK :!3 3•3&4 : 5 : :‫ ن‬65 4 YK !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ل‬TB : c3W!> ‫ א‬5g: :I:}
ªjk iafycpGmq dkdb dpdb k]fv lfsnv iadk Icvj¶fb (jcvzfb) zhkDBG jsvsYb.
pfsk sn dhÇhuoskv ubA nkjGjfvD rsk ifsv.« (Icvj¶fb } 1)
ˆ …ibfm spmb zft-j¶vc zfsb …dïdJk rsqsY, skmdb iChhG kGD djkfh kfWvfskW
hdBGk rsqsY.
zfk¶f dhb qAfnfv hstb, zfdm zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn -ˆv nf[fsk httfm,
`kfWvfsk …dïdJk vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ÈBfhtD n©isjG zfmfsj htcb.' dkdb htstb,
`r]Af. zfïfrv jnm! dkdb jcvzfsb hdBGk djYc ÈsB kfWvfskW ÈBfd¦hk. (spmb,)
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si«
(‚rXpfh } 45) ˆhQ dbv[v (zfvh)slv ubA dbvfiÙfv™si. kcdm zfmfv lfn W vnCt.
zfdm skfmfv bfm svsJdY `zft-mckfWqfdÄt' (zfïfrv Wiv dbHGvwDt). dkdb v™P W
jsEfv bb. rfse-hfufsv ³r-ùsïfVjfvDW bb. dkdb m¦lsj m¦l äfvf iadkrk jsvb bf.
hvQ dkdb [mf W mfuGbf j'sv slb. zfïfr k]fv jJsbfƒ dksvfLfb Oefshb bf, pk[B
bf dkdb k]fv äfvf h]fjf (jfsIv) n©ialfqsj snfuf jsvsYb kKf kfvf `tf ƒtfrf
ƒïfïfr' hstsY ˆhQ k]fv äfvf hù zá y[c, hdLv jBG W hÝ r™lqsj …¦mcÙÁ jsvsYb.
(hcJfvD 2125, 4838bQ)
dkdb nkjGjfvD }
jfsIvslvsj jcIvDv idvBfm ufrfâfm sKsj nkjGjfvD.
zhfLAslvsj ifsiv jcIt sKsj nkjGjfvD.
zivfLDslvsj zivfsLv wfd²À sKsj nkjGjfvD.
zkAfyfvDsj zkAfyfsvv idvBfm sKsj nkjGjfvD.
ififyfvDslvsj zfïfrv zfpfh W oph sKsj nkjGjfvD.
sh„mfbslvsj zfïfrv zbcora W lDlfsv hÑbf sKsj nkjGjfvD.
dkdb mrfb zfïfrv djkfh äfvf nfvf dhsw¶v mfbcNsj nkjGjfvD.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
 32
‫( א م‬٩٢) { X: !5 4 O : 74 8: ‫و‬: x: nK !ْ ‫ א‬B‫م‬K : 3WS1b!3‫و‬: 3*V4 :&V: :74 /: c3W!> ‫ א‬1‫ق‬M&# : 82 ›g: :81 1• S:!ْ T: 5 $< b:P3 ‫א‬:W\: ‫و‬: }
ªˆ djkfh (jcvzfb) hjGkmq j'sv zhkDBG jsvdY, pf Wv iCshGjfv djkfshv
nmKGj ˆhQ pf dlsq kcdm mÄf W Wv ifw¶hG kDG stfjslv nkjG jv. (‚bX‚m } 92)
Z< V@ 5 3* 3 :dV4 : !5 @Š'4 ~
: !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: : 3WS1I‫و‬: X: !5 4 O
: 74 8: ‫و‬: x: nK !ْ ‫ א‬B‫م‬K : 3WS1b!q ¨ /3 : : Q-4 6K 5h4 !5 @A S:4 O
: ‫و‬4 5 5h!3:WP5 ‫و‬: }
x f!‫( " א‬٧) {• @ 3 B !‫ א‬R3 Z< V@ 5 ‫و‬: 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬R3
ªˆHfsh zfdm skfmfv iadk zfvhD HfNfq jcvzfb zrD jsvdY; pfsk kcdm nkjG
jvsk ifv mÄfhfnDslvsj ˆhQ Wv zfswifswv hfdn¦lfsj, zfv nkjG jvsk ifv
umfsqk rWqfv dlb (djqfmk) n©isjG, pfsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ; sndlb ˆjlt
ufâfsk iashw jvsh ˆhQ ˆjlt iashw jvsh ufrfâfsm. (wCvf } 7)
‫( " א א‬٢) {: S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3 x: Pْ 3‫وذ‬: 3*/3 : 3WS1b!3 1*S4 8M ‫ <ج‬: O
: 5g@ &4 ,
: R3 7KJV: 5 5 5h4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K $
< b:P3 }
ªskfmfv dbje djkfh zhkDBG jvf rsqsY; nckvfQ skfmfv msb spb ˆv n©isjG
sjfb iajfv nQjDBGkf bf Kfsj. pfsk kcdm ˆv äfvf nkjG jv ˆhQ dhÇhfnDslv ubA
ˆde …islw.« (zf'vfI } 2)
HV 8 " (٩٧) {‫!&¨א‬r 8Q 4 65 3*/3 : 3WS1I‫و‬: : n3 bB'1 !ْ ‫ א‬3*/3 : fM :b1!3 5h3 : 3/3 1• :4 B V: ': B@‘5 }
ªzfdm skf skfmfv HfNfq jcvzfbsj nru j'sv dlsqdY; pfsk kcdm kfv äfvf
nfhLfbDslvsj ncnQhfl dlsk ifv ˆhQ dhkjGdiaq n©ialfqsj nkjG jvsk ifv.«
( mfvqAfm }97)
{:‫ون‬1&b:X4 V: H4 X1 >: !5 5h34 65 7M8 ٍ V3WB 7M8 H1\ I:5 8B 8Q 4 65 : 3WS1b!3 5h/MB 738 2Z+ : !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 4 /: 1•‫א‬: b:ْ ‫ א‬:‫! ن‬K nK V: ‫م‬4 5 }
ªksh dj Wvf hst, ˆ skf kfv dbsuv vybf? hvQ ˆ skfmfv iadkiftj rsk zfok
nkA; pfsk kcdm ˆmb ˆj n©ialfqsj nkjG jvsk ifv pfslv dbje skfmfv iCshG sjfb
nkjGjfvD zfsndb. rqskf Wvf n{isK ytsh.« (nfulfr } 3)
dj§Â nkjG rsh sj? sp iadkiftjsj Hq jsv, k]fv n©mcsJ làfqmfb rWqfsj Hq
jsv, ivjft W drnfhsj Hq jsv, snƒ nkjG rsh. pfv r™lsq „mfsbv zfstf zfsY,
snƒ nkjG rsh. iaHfskv zfstf skf kfslv ubA, pfvf Ocm sYsV suso WsE. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
3*> !‫! א‬5 @A‫و‬: 3*3 Yْ S:!3 P> T: b:V: ': B@‘5 P> T: I: 7:8‫و‬: "5 5 #
B !‫ א א‬81 65 5 ‫و‬: 3d4 “: ! /3 H1X/B: :‫ن‬4 f: ž 4 V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬1 3WS1I ': B@A}
¦ " (١٨) {• 1# 3 ': !ْ ‫א‬
ªkcdm sjht kfslvsjƒ nkjG jvsk ifv, pfvf kfslv iadkiftjsj bf slsJ Hq
jsv ˆhQ pKfpKHfsh bfmfp isV. sp sj… idvðÝ rq, sn skf idvðÝ rq dbsuvƒ
jtAfsBv ubA. zfv iakAfhkGb zfïfrvƒ dbje.« (Ifdk¶v } 18)
•--V " (١١) {Hٍ V@ P5 ٍ L
4 5 ‫و‬: "N : Y3 “4 ': /3 1•4 fM :5 3d4 “: !ْ /3 7:'O
4 B !‫ א‬:Rf3 ;
: ‫و‬: : Pْ MW!‫ א‬:Š:IB‫@ א‬78: 1 3WS1I ': B@A}
ªkcdm sjht kfslvsj nkjG jvsk ifv, pfvf …islw smsb yst ˆhQ bf slsJ ivm
lqfmqsj Hq jsv. zkˆh kfslvsj kcdm [mf W n©mfbubj icvõfsvv ncnQhfl
lfW.« (ƒqfnDb } 11)
33
8: ‫و‬: @ 4 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:783 1U4 „:Jْ b:4 5? :d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬1H5 4 5 19SKP 4 !5 ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬: 8: >?@A ‫ ¨א‬k
: 5?‫و‬: Q Yْ : R3 Yْ S:!3 Kh384 5 >? 6K }
‫א‬ ‫( " א‬١٨٨) {:‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 ‫ ٍم‬4 n5 !q • < f3 /:‫و‬: < V3W: >?@A ْ :5 ‫ن‬4 @A 1 2 !‫ א‬:RS3 B 8:
zKGf{, ht, `zfïfr pf ƒ¤Yf jsvb kf hAkDk zfmfv dbsuv Hft-ms¦lv …ivƒ
zfmfv sjfb zdLjfv sbƒ. zfdm pdl zlxswAv Jhv ufbkfm, kfrst skf zfdm iaHCk
jtAfB tfH jvkfm ˆhQ sjfb zjtAfBƒ zfmfsj ±iwG jvk bf. zfdm skf wcLc
dhÇhfnD n©ialfsqv ubA nkjGjfvD W ncnQhflhfrD.' (zf'vfI } 188)
zsbj nmq mrfb zfïfr jef[ W hAÌ j'sv jfsIv W mcbfdIjslvsj zðH hfg
jcnQhfl slWqfv s[sÛ `ðH nQhfl' hf `ncnQhfl' hstsYb. ˆ rt kfslv iadk ˆj
iajfv Lmj. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
@‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:783 •3 4 n3 !ْ /3 :‫ون‬1 81 ْ‚V: :7V3W!q ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬Kb1nْ V: ‫و‬: Z¤ O
: @ 4 “: /3 : M 3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ ن‬K b1nْ V: ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬3U V: v3/ :‫ون‬1 YK Jْ V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
‫ل ' אن‬- " (٢١) {Hٍ !35 N$‫א‬:W: /3 H1\4 fM :5
ªpfvf zfïfrv dblwGbnmCrsj zdhÇhfn jsv, bhDoBsj zbAfqHfsh rkAf jsv ˆhQ
sp njt stfj bAfqivfqBkfv dbslGw slq kfslvsjW rkAf jsv, kcdm kfslvsj
p§ÃBflfqj wfd²Àv ncnQhfl lfW.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 21)
/ b!‫( א‬٣٤) {Hٍ !35 N$‫א‬:W: /3 H1\4 fM :5 3*’ !‫ @ א‬3 : R3 X: : nK Y3 S1V 5?‫و‬: 5 B Y3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:d\: BW!‫ א‬:‫ون‬1TS3 Jْ V: 7: V3W!> ‫א‬:‫}و‬
ªpfvf öBG W svZiA umf jsv vfsJ ˆhQ kf zfïfrv isK hAq jsv bf, kcdm kfslvsj
p§ÃBflfqj wfd²Àv ncnQhfl wcdbsq lfW.« (kfWhfr } 34)
******
zft-hfwDv, zft-mchfwXdwv
`hfwDv' W `mchfwXdwv' mfsb ncnQhfllfkf.
mrfb zfïfr iaskAj bhDsjƒ mfbcsNv ubA ncnQhfllfkfv™si siavB jsvsYb. dkdb
hstsYb,
:HJK +
4 : !3 MZ+
: !ْ /3 :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 : 8: :‫ل‬T: 5 ‫و‬: :7V@ 3WS18‫و‬: :7V@ fM :81 : M 3 SB!‫ א‬1*’ !‫ א‬:¢: :5 "ً :&O
3 ‫א‬:‫ ً و‬8B K 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 }
" n !‫( " א‬٢١٣) {3* 3 ْ‫ א‬YK 5 b:; 4 ‫' א‬: 3 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:74 /:
zKGf{, mfbcN (zfdlsk) ˆjƒ ufdkHcÙÁ dYt. (isv mfbcsNvfƒ dhsHl nxdó jsv.)
zk}iv zfïfr bhDoBsj ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB jsvb; ˆhQ mfbcsNv
msLA sp dhNsq mksHl nxdó rsqdYt, kfv mDmfQnfv ubA dkdb kfslv nfsK nkAnr
djkfh zhkDBG jsvb. (hfj¶fvfr } 213)
{:‫ ن‬1T: +
4 V: H4 \1 5?‫و‬: H4 X@ 4 5 : < 4 ;
: 5 5 :]5 ,
4 5 ‫و‬: :78: - 74 ': 5 :7V@ 3WS18‫و‬: :7V@ fM :81 >?@A : 3: 4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 3 4 1 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, vnCtoBsj skf wcLc ncnQhflhfrD W nkjGjfvDv™siƒ siavB jdv. nckvfQ sp
dhÇhfn jvsh W dbsusj nQswfLb jvsh, kfv sjfb Hq sbƒ ˆhQ sn lc}dJkW rsh bf.
(‚bX‚m } 48)
 34
dkdb swNbhD -ˆv hAfifsv hstb,
" n !‫( " א‬١١٩) {@H + 3~ : !ْ ‫ א‬3$ +
:, 4 5 74 : 1‫ل‬5‚4 I1 5?‫و‬: ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q•f3 /: MZ+
: !ْ /3 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A}
ªzfdm skfmfsj nkAnr wcH nQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB jsvdY.
ufrfâfmDslv n©isjG skfmfsj sjfb iaw´ jvf rsh bf.« (hfj¶fvfr } 119)
8: ‫و‬: @ 4 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:783 1U4 „:Jْ b:4 5? :d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬1H5 4 5 19SKP 4 !5 ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬: 8: >?@A ‫ ¨א‬k : 5?‫و‬: Q Yْ : R3 Yْ S:!3 Kh384 5 >? 6K }
‫( " א א‬١٨٨) {:‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 ‫ ٍم‬4 n5 !q • < f3 /:‫و‬: < V3W: >?@A ْ :5 ‫ن‬4 @A 1 2 !‫ א‬:RS3 B 8:
ht, `zfïfr pf ƒ¤Yf jsvb kf hAkDk zfmfv dbsuv Hft-ms¦lv …ivƒ zfmfv
sjfb zdLjfv sbƒ. zfdm pdl zlxswAv Jhv ufbkfm, kfrst skf zfdm iaHCk jtAfB
tfH jvkfm ˆhQ sjfb zjtAfBƒ zfmfsj ±iwG jvk bf. zfdm skf wcLc dhÇhfnD
n©ialfsqv ubA nkjGjfvD W ncnQhflhfrD.' (zf'vfI } 188)
‚ " (٢٨) {:‫' ن‬1 5 4 V: !5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: „:Pْ 5 B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q•f3 /: @‫ س‬SB !q ً > P5 !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj nmoa mfbhufdkv iadk ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB
jsvdY; dj§Â zdLjfQw mfbcN kf ufsb bf.« (nfhf' } 28)
¦ " (٢٤) {< V3W: X: 3 5 ; !> @A N 8B K 74 8M ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q•f3 /: MZ+ : !ْ /3 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A}
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj nkAnr ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB jsvdY; ˆmb
sjfb n©ialfq sbƒ pfv dbje nkjGjfvD siadvk rqdb.« (Ifdk¶v } 24)
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬١٠٥) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 >?@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: :‫ل‬T: : MZ+ : !ْ /3 ‫و‬: 1• S:!ْ T: 5 MZ+
: !ْ /3 ‫و‬: }
ª‚dm nkA-nrƒ jcv‚b zhkDBG jsvdY ˆhQ nkA-nrƒ kf zhkDBG rsqsY; ‚dm
skf skfmfsj ðLc ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB jsvdY.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 105)
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬٥٦) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj sjht ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (Icvj¶fb } 56)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٤٥) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si.«
(‚rXpfh } 45)
]bY!‫( " א‬٨) {‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A}
ªdbÇyq zfdm skfmfsj siavB jsvdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si.«
(IfkXr } 8)
zfk¶f dhb qAfnfv hstb, zfdm zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn -ˆv nf[fsk httfm,
`kfWvfsk …dïdJk vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ÈBfhtD n©isjG zfmfsj htcb.' dkdb htstb,
`r]Af. zfïfrv jnm! dkdb jcvzfsb hdBGk djYc ÈsB kfWvfskW ÈBfd¦hk. (spmb,)
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si«
(‚rXpfh } 45) ˆhQ dbv[v (zfvh)slv ubA dbvfiÙfv™si. kcdm zfmfv lfn W vnCt.
zfdm skfmfv bfm svsJdY `zft-mckfWqfdÄt' (zfïfrv Wiv dbHGvwDt). dkdb v™P W
jsEfv bb. rfse-hfufsv ³r-ùsïfVjfvDW bb. dkdb m¦lsj m¦l äfvf iadkrk jsvb bf.
35
hvQ dkdb [mf W mfuGbf j'sv slb. zfïfr k]fv jJsbfƒ dksvfLfb Oefshb bf, pk[B
bf dkdb k]fv äfvf h]fjf (jfsIv) n©ialfqsj snfuf jsvsYb kKf kfvf `tf ƒtfrf
ƒïfïfr' hstsY ˆhQ k]fv äfvf hù zá y[c, hdLv jBG W hÝ r™lqsj …¦mcÙÁ jsvsYb.
(hcJfvD 2125, 4838bQ)
dkdb ncnQhfllfkf }
ifiDslvsj ifi mfI rWqfv ncnQhfllfkf.
zfïfr W k]fv zbcoksj hxr{ iadklfsbv ncnQhfllfkf.
mc'dmbslvsj dyv ncJmq ufâfskv ncnQhfllfkf.
„mfblfv mcÙfj¶Dslvsj mrfb zfïfrv lDlfsvv ncnQhfllfkf.
dbu nfrfhfoBsj shsrwXskv ncnQhfllfkf.
`tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr'v nf[Alfkfsj ufâfskv ncnQhfllfkf.
mfbhmàtDsj mfbshv lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁ lfsbv ncnQhfllfkf.
jfsIvsj ƒntfm oarsBv iv kfv iCshGjfv njt zivfL [mfrG rWqfv ncnQhfllfkf.
dkdb äDsbv lfWqfskv hAfifsv nfrfhfsj hstsYb,
.« ‫وא‬1 M : I1 5?‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 M V: ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 Yq S:I1 5?‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 fM /: »
ªskfmvf ncnQhfl lfW, hDkwaÝ jsvf bf. nru jv, jdEb jsvf bf. (hcJfvD 69, mcndtm
4622bQ)
mrfb zfïfr mrfbhD -sj mc'dmbslv ncnQhfl dlsk zfslw j'sv hstsYb,
X: S4 83 ْ‫ א‬6K ‫ @ز‬1 ': > PK 1 X: 4 5 ‫ א‬X: b3 +
4 I: 738 c@ ~
4 I: NU SBL
: H4 X1 !5 B‫ن‬5 3U +
: !3 #
B !‫ אْ א‬K '3 : ‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬S18: - 7V3W!> ‫ @ א‬fM /:‫و‬: }
X: 3 H4 \1 ‫و‬: ›": XB Œ5 82 ‫א <ج‬:‫زو‬4 5 X: 3 H4 X1 !5 ‫و‬: ً X3/ f: b:81 3*/3 ْ‫ א‬I1K ‫و‬: 1 4 65 738 S:6ْ ‫ @ز‬1 c3W!> ‫א א‬:W\: ْ‫! א‬K 65 ً 64‫ز‬M "N : ': ‰: 738
" n !‫( " א‬٢٥) {:‫ون‬1&!3 ; :
zKGf{, pfvf „mfb zfsb W n{jmG jsv kfslv wcH nQhfl lfW sp, kfslv ubA vsqsY
ufâfk; pfv ktslsw blD iahfdrk, pJbƒ kfslv ItmCt sJsk slWqf rsh, kJbƒ
kfvf htsh, `zfmfslvsj (ixdKhDsk zKhf ufâfsk) iCshG uDdhjfv™si pf slWqf rk, ˆ
skf kfƒ.' kfslvsj iv±iv ˆjƒ nlxw It lfb jvf rsh ˆhQ snJfsb kfslv ubA
idhÛ nrLdmGBDoB vsqsY, zdLj§Â kfvf snJfsb dyv²¿fqD rsh. (hfj¶fvfr } 25)
• V (٢) {< 382 < O
3 : !5 ‫א‬:W\: B‫@ن‬A :‫ون‬1 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ ل‬65 H4 X@ /M: :&S3 ‫& ٍق‬4 , 3 :‫م‬:&65 H4 X1 !5 B‫ن‬5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ @ א‬fM /:‫و‬: }
ªdhw¶fnDslvsj ˆƒ ncnQhfl lfW sp, kfslv ubA vsqsY kfslv iadkiftsjv
dbje …¤y mpGflf. zdhw¶fnDvf hst, `ˆ hAdÙÁ skf db}ns¦lsr iajfwA pflcjv.« (ƒ…bcn } 2)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٤٧) {‫א‬Q•3 P5 ً 4 5 3*> !‫ א‬:78M H1X!5 B‫ن‬5‚/3 : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ @ א‬fM /:‫و‬: }
ªkcdm dhw¶fnDslvsj ncnQhfl lfW sp, kfslv ubA zfïfrv dbje mrf zbcora
vsqsY.« (zfrpfh } 47)
¬-(‫( " א‬٣٧) {: S3 3 + 4 '1 !ْ ‫ @ א‬fM /:‫و‬: }
ªkcdm ncnQhfl lfW n{jmGwDtslvsj.« (rfÏ } 37)
HV 8 " (٩٧) {‫! ¨&א‬r 8Q 4 65 3*/3 : 3WS1I‫و‬: : n3 bB'1 !ْ ‫ א‬3*/3 : fM :b1!3 5h3 : 3/3 1• :4 B V: ': B@‘5 }
 36
ªzfdm skf skfmfv HfNfq jcvzfbsj nru j'sv dlsqdY; pfsk kcdm kfv äfvf
nfhLfbDslvsj ncnQhfl dlsk ifv ˆhQ dhkjGdiaq n©ialfqsj nkjG jvsk ifv.«
( mfvqAfm } 97)
htf hfùtA, ncnQhfliafå rt ivsrpofv mc'dmbvf. pfvf „mfsbv nfsK sbj zfmt
jsv, mrfb iadkiftjsj Hq j'sv yst ˆhQ zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jsv.
kfslv ubA ncnQhfl lcdbqfsk W zfsJvfsk. kfslv ubA vsqsY mrfb zfïfr
i[ sKsj mrf zbcora . kfslv ubA vsqsY ƒrjfst öf¤Y¦lA, nmcâdk, äDb nr nc…¤y
mpGflf, slwnmCsr kfslv [mkf dh²Àfv, dhuq, drlfqfk, [mf, dhil-mcdÙÁ ƒkAfdlv
ncnQhfl. zfv ivjfst vsqsY zfïfrv n§Âdó, k]fv zn§Âdó W wfd²À sKsj mcdÙÁtfH,
nWqfh tfH W ufâfskv hftfJfbf.
nckvfQ mchfvj srfj ncnQhfl ncnQhfliafåslv ubA.

zft-mckfWqfdÄt
`mckfWqfdÄt' mfsb HvnfjfvD, dbHGvwDt. mrfb iadkiftsjv …iv HvnfjfvD.
mrfbhD dbu iadkiftsjv …iv ˆjf§ÀHfsh dbHGvwDt dYstb. zfisl-dhisl,
mfbcsNv yÛÁfs§À, pcsÝ-dhoasr, dhhfsl-ndásk, svfso-v¢pDsk, äDsbv lfWqfsk, nhG
hAfifsv dkdb zfïfrv …iv Hvnf vfJskb. pKfnfLA …ifq zhtìbW jvskb. zfv
kf zfïfr-Hvnfv idvi§¿D bq.
k]fv uDhsbv ƒdkrfn zLAqb jvst hcUf pfq sp, dkdb k]fv ytfv isK iadk ils[si
dbu iadkiftsjv …iv jk dbHGvwDt dYstb.
bhczskv iayfsv mÄfhfnD jfsIv W mcwdvjslv rfsk jk dbpGfdkk W zimfdbk
rsqsYb. zimfdbk W iar™k rsqsYb kfsqsI. druvskv nmq wk dhil, zfwËf W
nQwsqv mfsU jk jó sisqsYb. dj§Â njt ²¿fsb mrfb zfïfrv Hvnfƒ k]fsj nht W
nmxÝ jsvsY.
druvskv ˆj ipGfsqv jKf mrfb zfïfr k]fv jcvzfsb hstsYb,
3*3 O
3 #: !3 1‫ ل‬nK V: ‫ذ‬4 @A @ “: !ْ ‫ א‬R3 ': \1 ‫ذ‬4 @A 7@ 4 S:‰4 ‫ א‬:R3 ‰: ْ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬1*L
: :;
4 5 ‫ذ‬4 @A 1*’ !‫ א‬1•: #
: : &4 n5 5 1•‫و‬1 #
1 S:I >?@A}
ْ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5 ': 3P5 : : L
: ‫و‬: \: ‫و‬4 : I: H4 !> N‫ د‬S1~
1 /3 1•:&VB 5 ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*b:S: J3 : 1*’ !‫ل א‬: T: 5‚5 S:: 8: :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ‫ن‬4 T: +
4 I: 5?
/ b!‫( " א‬٤٠) {H< J3 O
: T< V@T: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬: ْ 1 !ْ ‫ א‬:R\3 3*’ !‫ א‬K ': 3P5 ‫و‬: 5 Yْ 2 !‫א‬
zKGf{, pdl skfmvf kfsj (vfnCtcïfrsj) nfrfpA bf jv, kfrst zfïfrƒ (kfsj
nfrfpA jvshb spmb dkdb) kfsj nfrfpA jsvdYstb snƒ nmsq, pJb zdhw¶fnDvf kfsj
(mÄf rsk) hdr°jfv j'sv dlsqdYt, pJb sn dYt lc'usbv msLA ˆjub; pJb …Hsq
ocrfv msLA dYt. sn kJb öDq nÌD (zfhc hfjXv)sj hstdYt, `kcdm dhNB´ rsqf bf.
dbÇyqƒ zfïfr zfmfslv nsÌ vsqsYb.' zk}iv zfïfr kfv iadk öDq nf§Àb¶ f zhkDBG
jvstb ˆhQ ˆmb snbflt äfvf kfsj wdÙÁwftD jvstb, pfslvsj skfmvf slJsk
ifWdb ˆhQ dkdb zdhw¶fnDslv hfjA bDyc jsv dlstb, zfv zfïfrv hfBDƒ nmc¤y vƒstf.
zfv zfïfr ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq. (kfWhfr } 40)
37
ˆ ²¿st mrfbhD -ˆv nclPx zfïfr-Hvnfv jKf ±iók} …ßfdnk rq. zfv snƒ
Hvnfv idvBfm W ncIt zfsn nfsK nfsK zft-mlDbf W dhusqv isK.
hlv pcsÝv nmq, hvQ njt pcsÝv nmq ˆhQ ùlfƒdhqfv ndáv nmq k]fv zfïfr-
Hvnfv jKf zfmvf Jch HfstfHfsh ufbsk ifdv.
mrfbhD -ˆv ncdhwft zfïfr-dbHGvkfv jKf zfsvf ˆjde Oebfq ±ió rq.
ˆjlf ˆj mv¢HCdmsk mv¢-hfhtf ofsYv …iv dbsuv kvhfdv tesj svsJ kfv Yfqfv
dbsy dhwafm dbsk dosq Ocdmsq dosqdYstb zfmfslv mrfbhD . ƒdkmsLA ˆj shlc„b
lcwmb ˆsn k]fv ‰ kvhfdvde rfsk dbsq k]fv …iv kcst Lsv htt, `Wsr mcrf©mfl!
kcdm dj zfmfsj Hq ifW bf?'
mrfbhD dbHGsq htstb, `bf.'
shlc„b htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?'
dkdb htstb, `zfïfr.'
shlc„b zfhfv htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?'
dkdb iCshGjfv mkƒ htstb, `zfïfr.'
shlc„b icbvfq htt, `skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?'
dkdb icbvfq htstb, `zfïfr.'
ˆviv shlc„sbv slr-mb sj]si …Et. nrnf kfv rfk sKsj kstfqfvde isV sot.
mrfbhD kf kcst dbsq kfv iadk kcst Lsv htstb, `ˆhfv skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk
sj v[f jvsh?'
shlc„b htt, `sj… bq.' zKhf `kcdm.'
lqfv bhD kfsj mfI j'sv dlstb, Ist sn mcntmfb rsq sot. zbA hBGbf msk sn
mcntmfb rqdb; dj§Â zÌDjfvhÝ rt sp, sn k]fv dhv¢sÝ sjfbÛÁsmƒ zfv pcÝ jvsh bf.
(zfrmfl, hcJfvD, mcndtm, bfnf„, hfƒrfj¶D, dmwjfk 5305bQ)
mrfbhD W k]fv nryvslv dhv¢sÝ jfsIvlt ‰jAhÝ rsq k]fslvsj ixdKhDv hcj
sKsj dbdÇyrÁ jsv dlsk sysqdYt. dj§Â dkdb ˆj zfïfrv …iv Hvnf svsJ k]fsjƒ
kfslv dhv¢sÝ `…jDt' smsbdYstb. nckvfQ k]fvf uqD rsqdYstb.
ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, ƒhafrDm -sj pJb zfÈsb dbs[i jvf rsqdYt, kJb
dkdb ªrfnhcbfïfù zdb'mft zjDt« hstdYstb. zfv mcrf©mfl ˆde kJb
hstdYstb, pJb stfsjvf hstdYt sp, (jfsIv) stfsjvf skfmfslv mcjfdhtfv ubA
nmshk rsqsY; Ist skfmvf kfslvsj Hq jv. dj§Â ˆ jKf kfslv „mfbsj hfdVsq
dlt ˆhQ kfvf htt, ªrfnhcbfïfù zdb'mft zjDt.« zKGf{, zfïfrƒ zfmfslv ubA
psKó ˆhQ dkdbƒ …Ùm jmGdhLfqj.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
:H4 3 ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬S:14 O
: ْ‫! א‬K 65 ‫و‬: ً ®
: @A H4 \1 :‫אد‬:T5 H4 \1 4 f: ;
4 5 H4 JK !5 ْ‫ א‬1 ': L
: &4 65 :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1HX1 !5 :‫ ل‬65 :7V3W!> ‫}א‬
ٍ 4 5 ‫و‬1‫ ذ‬1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬3*’ !‫ א‬:‫אن‬: k
4 @ ْ‫ א‬1 :IB‫א‬:‫ < و‬1 H4 X1 4 : '4 V: H4 !> ٍ 4 5 ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M N ': 4 S3 /3 ْ‫ א‬15 n5 5 (١٧٣) 1 P3 : !ْ ‫א‬
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٧٤) {Hٍ ƒ3 :
 38
zKGf{, pfslvsj stfsjvf hstdYt sp, skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ stfj umfsqk rsqsY.
nckvfQ skfmvf kfslvsj Hq jv. dj§Â ˆ (jKf) kfslv dhÇhfn lxPkv jsvdYt ˆhQ
kfvf hstdYt, `zfïfrƒ zfmfslv ubA psKó ˆhQ dkdb …Ùm jmGdhLfqj.' kfviv
kfvf zfïfrv dbqfmk W zbcora nr dIsv ˆsndYt, sjfb zdbó kfslvsj ±iwG jsvdb
ˆhQ zfïfr pfsk n§Âó rq, kfvf kfvƒ zbcnvB jsvdYt. zfv zfïfr mrf zbcora wDt.
(zfst ƒmvfb } 173-174)
k]fv „mfsb idviCBk G f W idvij¶kf dYt, kfƒ zofL dhw¶fn W HvnfW dYt
iadkiftsjv …iv. ˆƒ jfvsBƒ mrfb zfïfr dbsuƒ k]fv bfm dlsqsYb `zft-
mckfWqfdÄt'.
zfk¶f dhb qAfnfv hstb, zfdm zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn -ˆv nf[fsk httfm,
`kfWvfsk …dïdJk vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ÈBfhtD n©isjG zfmfsj htcb.' dkdb htstb,
`r]Af. zfïfrv jnm! dkdb jcvzfsb hdBGk djYc ÈsB kfWvfskW ÈBfd¦hk. (spmb,)
ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si«
(‚rXpfh } 45) ˆhQ dbv[v (zfvh)slv ubA dbvfiÙfv™si. kcdm zfmfv lfn W vnCt.
zfdm skfmfv bfm svsJdY `zft-mckfWqfdÄt' (zfïfrv Wiv dbHGvwDt). ---- (hcJfvD
2125, 4838bQ)
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj zfslwW jsvsYb sp, dkdb spb k]fvƒ …iv Hvnf jsvb ˆhQ
k]fsjƒ `…jDt' mfsbb. jk wk yÛÁfs§À W jsó k]fsj `kfWqfÄct' jvsk htf rsqsY,
kf zfmvf zft-j¶vc zfsb slJsk ifdv. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٥٩) {: 3Pq : b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+ 3 V1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3*’ !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : b:5 :984 T: : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 }
ªkcdm sjfb nQj¬i oarB jvst zfïfrv iadk dbHGv jv. dbÇyq zfïfr (k]fv …iv)
dbHGvwDtslv Hfthfsnb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 159)
:‫ ن‬b1M :V1 8: 1db1Jْ V: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬1‫ ل‬nK I: c3W!> ‫ א‬: 4 ©5 H4 X1 S4 8M › Y5 s3 v5¦ :9B /: 5g3&S3 74 83 ْ‫وא‬1‫ز‬: /: ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 › : ¦5 :‫! ن‬K nK V: ‫و‬: }
S!‫( " א‬٨١) { ً P3 ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: H4 X1 S4 : ‫ض‬
4 @ 4 5‚5
ªkfvf hst, (zfmfslv jkGhA) zfbcokA. zk}iv pJb kfvf skfmfv dbje sKsj
yst pfq, kJb vfsÛ kfslv ˆjlt kfvf pf hst (hf kcdm pf ht) kfv dhivDk ivfmwG
jsv. kfvf vfsÛ pf ivfmwG jsv zfïfr kf dtdihÝ jsv vfsJb. nckvfQ kcdm
kfslv …si[f jv ˆhQ zfïfrv iadk Hvnf jv. zfv jmG-dhLfsb zfïfrƒ psKó.«
(dbnf } 81)
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( א‬٥٨) {‫א‬Q•3 ;
: 3•3‫ د‬:3 3$ 11W/3 3*/3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: 3•3&'4 +
: /3 ]4 M: ‫و‬: 1U '1 V: !5 c3W!> ‫ א‬MR+
: !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: }
ªkcdm k]fv …iv dbHGv jv dpdb dyvÓDh, p]fv mxkcA sbƒ ˆhQ k]fv niawQn idhÛkf W
mdrmf sOfNBf jv, dkdb k]fv lfnslv ifi n©isjG psKó zhdrk.« (Icvj¶fb } 58)
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٦١) {1H 3: !ْ ‫ א‬1Š '3 B !‫ א‬: \1 1*B@A 3*’ !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: X: !5 ]4 S:L 4 5 @Hْ B !3 ْ‫ א‬+
1 S:L
: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: }
ªpdl kfvf ndáv zfoar iajfw jsv, kfrst kcdmW ndáv ubA zfoarD rW ˆhQ
zfïfrv …iv Hvnf vfJ. dbÇyqƒ dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (‚bXIft } 61)
'S!‫( " א‬٧٩) {@ 3'1 !ْ ‫ א‬MZ+ : !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 5hB@A 3*> !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : b:5 }
39
ªzkˆh zfïfrv …iv dbHGv jv; db}ns¦lsr kcdm ±ió nskAv …iv iadkdôk.«
(bfmXt } 79)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٣) { ً P3 ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: }
ªkcdm zfïfrv Wiv dbHGv jv, jmGdhLfsb zfïfrƒ psKó.« (‚rXpfh } 3)
$‫א‬TO ‫( א‬٤٨) { ً P3 ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 Y5 P5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: H4 \1 ‫א‬:‫ذ‬5 ‫ع‬4 :‫ود‬: : n3 3 S:'1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:7V@ 3 J5 !ْ ‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 I1 !5 ‫و‬: }
ªkcdm zdhw¶fnD W jiefyfvDslv jKf mfbA jsvf bf ; Wslv dbpGfkb …si[f jv ˆhQ
zfïfrv Wiv dbHGv jv. jmGdhLfqjv™si zfïfrƒ psKó.« (‚rXpfh } 48)
/ b!‫( א‬١٢٩) {@H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬2$: : \1 ‫و‬: 19ْ P> : I: 3*4 5 : : \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? 1*’ !‫ א‬:R3 4 O: 4 nK 5 ْ‫א‬4 !> : I: ‫‘@ن‬5 }
ªzk}iv pdl kfvf mcJ dIdvsq sbq, ksh kcdm hst lfW, `zfmfv ubA skf zfïfrƒ
psKó. dkdb YfVf zbA sjfb (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ. zfdm kf]vƒ …iv dbHGv jsvdY, zfv
dkdb rs¤Yb zdk hV zfvswv mfdtj.« (kfWhfr } 129)
'B : ٍ 3 “: /3 5h/2: 8: ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: 1•&4 14 5 1*rPK 1 84 5 ‫ א‬1ŠL
: 4 V1 3*4 !5 @A‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬1d4 ©5 3*’ !3‫و‬: }
‫( " \ د‬١٢٣) {:‫ ن‬K ': 4 I:
ªzfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb zfïfrvƒ ˆhQ kf]vƒ jfsY nh djYc
iakAfhdkGk rsh, nckvfQ kcdm kf]v …ifnbf jv ˆhQ kf]v …iv dbHGv jv. zfv skfmvf
pf jv, sn nìsá skfmfv iadkiftj …lfnDb bb.« (rCl } 123)
& !‫( " א‬٣٠) {3$ b:8: 3*4 !5 @A‫و‬: 19ْ P> : I: 3*4 5 : : \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? RM/: : \1 4 6K @7': O 4 B ! /3 :‫ون‬1 YK Jْ V: H4 \1 ‫و‬: }
ªkfvf ivm lqfmqsj zöDjfv jsv. kcdm ht, `dkdbƒ zfmfv iadkiftj; dkdb
YfVf zbA sjfb (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ. kf]vƒ …iv zfdm dbHGv jdv ˆhQ zfmfv
iakAfhkGb kf]vƒ jfsY.« (vf'l } 30)
(١٠) {1d 3 K 3*4 !5 @A‫و‬: 19ْ P> : I: 3*4 5 : RM/: 1*> !‫ א‬1HJK !3:‫ ذ‬3*> !‫! א‬5 @A 1*'1 Jْ + 1 5 N R4 : 738 3* 3 H4 b1Yْ 5 b:; 4 ‫ א‬8: ‫و‬: }
ªskfmvf sp dhNsqƒ mksHl jv bf sjb -- Wv mDmfQnf skf zfïfrvƒ dbje. ht,
`dkdbƒ zfïfr -- zfmfv iadkiftj ; zfdm Hvnf vfdJ k]fvƒ Wiv ˆhQ zfdm k]fvƒ
zdHmcJD.« (wCvf } 10)
‫ن‬4 @A 3*> !‫ون@ א‬1‫ د‬738 :‫ ن‬1 &4 I: 8B H1bV4 5 : 5 5 4 6K 1*> !‫ א‬B7!K nK : !5 :‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: 74 8B H1Xb:!ْ 5‚: 73^!5 ‫و‬: }
1*> !‫ א‬:R3 4 O
: 4 6K 3*b3 ': O
4 : 1U J5 3 '4 81 B7\1 4 \: N ': O
4 : /3 R3 :‫אد‬: 5 ‫و‬4 5 3•M k
1 1U Y5 3 P5 B7\1 4 \: ¤ 1 /3 1*> !‫ א‬:R3 :‫אد‬: 5
8T!‫( " א‬٣٨) {:‫ ن‬K Pq : b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 P> : b:V: 3*4 5 :
ªkcdm pdl Wslvsj duÎfnf jv, `zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhD sj nxdó jsvsYb?' Wvf
zhwAƒ htsh, `zfïfr.' ht, `kfrst skfmvf sHsh slsJY dj? zfïfr zfmfv zdbó
yfƒst skfmvf k]fsj YfVf pfslvsj zfrhfb jv, kfvf dj snƒ zdbó lCv jvsk ifvsh?
zKhf dkdb zfmfv iadk zbcora jvsk yfƒst kfvf dj snƒ zbcora sj svfL jvsk
ifvsh?' ht, `zfmfv ubA zfïfrƒ psKó. dbHGvjfvDvf k]fvƒ …iv dbHGv j'sv
Kfsj.« (pcmfv } 38)
…ipcÙÁ `…jDt' iaHvc …ipcÙÁ `mckfWqfdÄt' lfn. kfƒ dkdbƒ lfsnv ubA psKó
 40
dYstb. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

zft-mcuXkfhf
`mcuXkfhf' mfsb msbfbDk, iY¦ljxk hf dbhGfdyk.
iaskAj bhD-vnCtsjƒ mrfb zfïfr mfbcsNv mLA sKsj msbfbDk W dbhGfdyk jsvb.
k]fvfƒ rb mfbcsNv sbkf W iKialwGj. k]fvfƒ rb hfYfƒ jvf nhGswaô mfbcN.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: 3dMŒ> !‫ א‬:783 :¢ 3 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬T: '3 V: : bBO
: 3*4 5 : H4 b1 5 v:8 5 : : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬: :W: !3 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8B }
H4 JK 5 5 ْ‫ א‬nK bBI:‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬S183 —4 I1 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 3*31 1 ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 v5 f: V: 7:8 3*31 2 738 R3 b:~
4 V: :*’ !‫ א‬B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬5 : H4 JK : 3Œْ 1 !3
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٧٩) {H< ƒ3 : < L 45
ªzidhÛ (mcbfdIj)sj idhÛ (mc'dmb) rsk ixKj bf jvf ipG§À skfmvf sp zh²¿fq
vsqY, zfïfr sn zh²¿fq dhÇhhfdnoBsj sYsV dlsk ifsvb bf. zlxwA n©isjG
skfmfslv zhdrk jvf zfïfrv (dbqm) bq. zhwA (kfv ubA) zfïfr kf]v vnCtosBv
msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf msbfbDk jsvb. nckvfQ skfmvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCtsj dhÇhfn jv.
h²Âk} skfmvf dhÇhfn jvst W nfhLfb (ivsrpofv) rsq ytst skfmfslv ubA vsqsY
mrficvõfv.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 179)
‫( " א م‬٨٧) {Hٍ n3 b:4 82 ‫ط‬N ‫א‬: , 3 !5 @A H4 \1 S:V4 :&\: ‫و‬: H4 \1 S:4:b:L
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X@ 3 ‫א‬: ;
4 @A‫و‬: H4 X@ I3 VB M 1‫وذ‬: H4 X@ s3 /:- 74 83 ‫و‬: }
ªˆslv dikxivc ¢N, hQwLv ˆhQ ëfkxhsx ¦lv jkjsj swaôk¶ ialfb jsvdYtfm,
kfslvsj msbfbDk jsvdYtfm ˆhQ idvyfdtk jsvdYtfm nvt isK.« (‚bX‚m } 87)
:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A 3 VB M 1‫ ذ‬738‫و‬: iٍ 1 :Š8: S:ْ ': O
: 74 'B 83 ‫و‬: :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3 VB M 1‫ ذ‬738 : M3 SB!‫ א‬:78M H@X4 5 : 1*> !‫ א‬:H: 4 5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K}
HV 8 " (٥٨) { ¨ J3 /1‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&~
B 1 ‫وא‬2 ;
: 7': O
4 B !‫ א‬1U V: - H4 X@ 4 5 : 5 b4 I1 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A S:4 :b:L
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬S:V4 :&\: 74 'B 83 ‫و‬: : s3 ‫א‬: 4 @A‫و‬:
ªbhDslv msLA pfslvsj zfïfr zbcora jsvsYb ˆvfƒ kfvf, zflsmv W pfslvsj
zfdm bCsrv nfsK sbZjfq zfsvfrB jdvsqdYtfm kfslv hQswfßCk, ƒhafrDm W ƒnaf„stv
hQswfßCk W pfslvsj zfdm iK dbslGw jsvdYtfm W msbfbDk jsvdYtfm kfslv
z§ÀHÙ Gc Á. kfslv dbje ivm jv¢Bfmsqv zfqfk zfhxdÙ jvf rst kfvf ÛÁ¦lb jvsk
jvsk dnulfq tcdesq iVk.« (mfvqAfm } 58)
ˆƒ drnfshƒ zfmfslv diaq bhD -sj `mcrf©mfl mcuXkfhf' htf rq.

zft-mcJkfv
`mcJkfv' mfsb ˆJdkqfvjxk, pfsj ˆJdkqfv jvf rsqsY, pfsj swaôk¶ hf iafLfbA
slWqf rsqsY. dbhGfdyk, msbfbDk.
mrfb iadkiftj pfsj ƒ¤Yf ˆJdkqfv jsv Kfsjb. dkdb hstb,
(٦٨) {:‫ ن‬PK @ f4 V1 'B : !5 : I:‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬+
: 4 1 "K : :ž
3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 !5 :‫ ن‬P5 8: 1 b:ž
4 V: ‫و‬: f: V: 8: 1ZKž
4 V: 5h/2: ‫و‬: }
ªskfmfv iadkiftj pf ƒ¤Yf nxdó jsvb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf msbfbDk jsvb, ˆsk Wslv
41
sjfb ˆJdkqfv sbƒ. zfïfr idhÛ, mrfb ˆhQ Wvf pfsj zQwD jsv, kf rsk dkdb
†sL¶G.« (j¶fn¶fn¶ } 68)
‫( " א!&; ن‬٣٢) {: '3 !5 : !ْ ‫ א‬5 : Hٍ ْ 3 5 : H4 \1 :4 b:; 4 ‫ א‬3&n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm susb-ðsbƒ Wslvsj (hfbD ƒnaf„tsj) dhsw¶ swaôk¶ dlsqdYtfm.« (lcJfb } 32)
dkdb mCnf -sj bhczk lfb j'sv hstdYstb,
*-¦ " (١٣) { O : V1 ': !3 Š4 '3 b:4 5 5hI14 b:;
4 ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skfmfsj msbfbDk jsvdY; zkˆh sp zrD (iakAfslw) siavB jvf rs¤Y, kcdm
kf msbfspfsov nfsK wahB jv.« (k¶f-rf } 13)
mrfb zfïfr swNbhD -sj zbAfbA mfbcsNv …iv swaôk¶ W iafLfbA dlsq k]fsj
nhGswaô bhD j'sv lcdbqfv hcsj siavB jsvsYb. mrfbhD hstsYb,
H4 X1 5 : L
: ‫و‬: ،3*n3 ْ ;
: @ 4;
: R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 :Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3d3Œ> '1 !ْ ‫ א‬3&4 : @7/4 3*> !‫ א‬3&4 : 17/4 1&'B +
: 81 :5 )
R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 IQ 1 /1 H4 X1 5 : L
: ‫و‬: ،N 5 3 65 @ 4 ;
: R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 : s3 :n5 !ْ ‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: ‫و‬: ،N 65 4 3 @ 4 ;
: R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 @74 b:65 4 3
.( Q Yْ : H4 PK 1 4 ;
: ‫و‬: bQ4 /: H4 PK 1 4 ;
: :5‚5 ، bQ4 /: H4 \3 @ 4 ;
:
zKGf{, zfdm mcrf©mfl dhb zfècïfr dhb zfèct mcÙfdth. mrfb zfïfr nxdó vybf
j'sv zfmfsj nxdóv snvf (mfbcsNv) ltHcÙÁ jsvsYb. nxdósj (zfvh W zfum) lcƒ
lst dhHÙÁ jsvsYb ˆhQ zfmfsj …Ùm lst ²¿fb dlsqsYb. dkdb dhdHâ sofÛ nxdó
jsvsYb ˆhQ zfmfsj nhGswaô sofsÛ u¦m dlsqsYb. dhdHâ hfdV nxdó jsvsYb ˆhQ
zfmfsj nhGswaô hfdVsk siavB jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfdm hfdVv dlj dlsq skfmfslv
nhGswaô ˆhQ hAdÙÁv dlj dlsqW skfmfslv nhGswaô. (zfrmfl 1788bQ)
ˆƒ zsKGƒ k]fsj `zfb-bfdhqcAt mcJkfv' htf rq. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

zft-mcÜfNXdNv
`dlNfv' mfsb slsrv …isvv sthfn, yflv. `mcÜfNXdNv' mfsb yflvfhxk. yflv ofsq
slWqf mfbcN.
nhGiaKm sp zrD bfspt rq, kf rt [:Z5 ;
: c3W!> ‫ א‬5h/M: @H4 /3 ْ : 6ْ ‫ˆ ]א‬viv zrD zfnf djYc
dlb há Kfsj. Ist bhD Jchƒ zd²¿v W dyd§Àk rsq isVb. ˆj dlb zfhfvW dkdb
iaKmhfv drvf Èrfq zrD dbsq zfombjfvD dIdvñfsj zfnmfb W pmDsbv mLA²¿st
ˆjde jcvnDv …iv hnf zh²¿fq slsJb. ˆ sKsj vnCt -ˆv msLA HDdkv nÑfv rq.
kfƒ dkdb Osv dosq Osvv stfjslvsj hstb, ªzfmfsj sjfb jfiV dlsq sTsj lfW.
zfmfsj sjfb yflv dlsq sTsj lfW.« Ist k]fvf vnCt -ˆv wvDsv ˆjde jfiV
yfdisq slb. dEj ˆƒ zh²¿fskƒ nCvf mcÜfNXdNv zhkDBG rq. (hcJfvD 4922, 4924, mcndtm
425-427bQ)
( ٥ ) {4 ~
1 \4 5 T: L
4 2 !‫א‬:‫( و‬٤) 4 XM Œ5 5 5h/: : ‰3 ‫و‬: (٣) 4 MJ5 5 5h/B: ‫و‬: (٢) 4 3W 5‚5 H4 6K (١) 1 ‰MB&'1 !ْ ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
sr h²Ãf¤Yfdlk! …E, nkjG jv ˆhQ skfmfv iadkiftsjv swaôk¶ sOfNBf jv. skfmfv
 42
idv¤Yl idhÛ vfJ. zidhÛkf huGb jv. (mcÜfNXdNv } 1-5)
mrfb zfïfr bkcb bhDsj ˆƒ …ibfm dlsq nsìfLb jsvsYb. nfmdqj zh²¿fv
dHdÙsk k]fv ˆ …ibfm.

zft-mcpXpfd©mt
`mcpXpfd©mt' mfsb h²Ãfhxk.
hdBGk zfsY sp, lfv¢b bflWqfr (j½fh-Ov)ˆ jcvfƒwoB umfsqk rsq iv±iv
htfhdt jvsk tfot, `ˆƒ stfjefv ˆjef ˆmb bfm shv jv, pfv äfvf mfbcNsj kfv
jfY sO]nsk hfLf slWqf pfsh.'
nckvfQ sj… htt, `oBj.'
zsbAvf htt, `dj§Â W oBj bq.'
sj… htt, `ifot.'
zsbAvf htt, `dj§Â W ifot bq.'
sj… htt, `pflcjv.'
zsbAvf htt, `dj§Â W pflcjv bq.'
ˆƒ nh htfhdt j'sv kfvf dbu dbu hfdV dIvt. zk}iv mrfbhD -ˆv jfsb ˆ
jKf si]ZYst dkdb lc}dJk rsq hAdKk r™lsq yflv Tfjf dlsq ðsq iVstb. snƒ nmq
duhvDt zrD dbsq zkvB jvstb ˆhQ k]fsj `sr mcpXpfd©mt!' hst nsìfLb
jvstb,
4 IM: ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : ‫د‬4 ‫و @ز‬4 5 (٣) ً 365 1*S4 83 ˜
4 nK 4 ‫و א‬4 5 1*Y5 #
4 3 (٢) ً 365 >?@A : 4 > !‫ א‬H4 6K (١) 1 8M TB '1 !ْ ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
B‫@ن‬A (٦) ً 63 1‫م‬: 6ْ 5 ‫و‬: ً ^ْ¦‫و‬: 2&: 5 :R\3 @ 4 > !‫ א‬5 ^:3 : B‫@ن‬A (٥) ً n3 ‰: ?ً 4 65 5h4 5 : R3nْ S1: B@A (٤) ً I3 4 I: :‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ ‫א‬
>?@A :*!5 @A !5 3$@ “4 ': !ْ ‫א‬:‫ @ق@ و‬f4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬2$: (٨) ً b3 4 I: 3*4 !5 @A 4 bB:I:‫و‬: 5h/M: :H4 ‫ א‬4 PK ‫ذ‬4 ‫א‬:‫( و‬٧) ً V@ ¦5 ً +4 : @ X: SB!5‫ א‬R3 5h!5
(١٠) {ً '3 L
: ‫~ ًא‬
4 \: H4 \1 4 ~
1 \4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬:‫! ن‬K nK V: 8: 5 : 4 3 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫( و‬٩) ً P3 ‫و‬: 1•W4 ž
3 IB 5 : \1
zKGf{, sr h²Ãfhxk! vfdÛ ufovB jv, djYc zQw hAkDk. zLGvfdÛ djQhf kfv yfƒsk
z¬i. zKhf kfv yfƒsk shwD. zfv jcvzfb zfhxdÙ jv LDsv LDsv, ±ió W nc¦lvHfsh.
zfdm skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jvh Èv¢Hfv hfBD. dbÇyqƒ vfdÛufovB iahdx Ù ltsb zdLj
nrfqj ˆhQ ±ió …¤yfvsBv zdLj zbcjCt. dlhfHfso skfmfv ubA vsqsY lDOG
jmGhA²Àkf. nckvfQ kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv bfm n¹vB jv ˆhQ ˆjdbôHfsh kfsk
mo´ rW. dkdb iChG W idÇysmv zdLjkGf, dkdb hAkDk sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ. zkˆh
kf]sjƒ oarB jv …jDt (jmGdhLfqj)v™si. stfsj pf hst, kfsk kcdm SLpGLfvB jv
ˆhQ snZubA nrjfsv kfslvsj idvrfv j'sv yt. (mcpXpfd©mt } 1-10, hfpXpfv 2276,
k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 3408bQ, mfumf†p pfWqfsql 7/130)
dj§Â ˆ hBGbfv nbl nrDr bq.
sn pfƒ srfj, pJb ˆƒ zfqfkÈdt zhkDBG rq, kJb bhD sjfb ˆj jfvsB yflv
ofsq dlsq ðsq dYstb. mrfb zfïfr kf]v ˆƒ zh²¿fv dyÛ kcst Lsv nsìfLb jvstb.
43
zKGf{, ˆJb yflv sYsV lfW ˆhQ vfsk nfmfbA djqfm jv (ufovB jv); zKGf{,
kfrfÏcslv bfmfp iV. htf rq sp, ˆƒ dbslGswv dHdÙsk kfrfÏcslv bfmfp
kf]v …iv Wqfsuh dYt.

zft-mcvkfp¶f
`mcvkfp¶f' mfsb ns§ÀfNHfub, pfsj dbsq JcwD rWqf pfq, msbfbDk.
mrfb zfïfr hf¦lfosBv mLA sKsj pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj dbsq n§Âó rb. pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj
msbfbDk jsvb. pfsj ƒ¤Yf lcdbqfsk `bhD' hfbfb. pfsj ƒ¤Yf kfsj djqfmsk
ncifdvwjfvD hfbfshb. dkdb hstsYb,
(٢٨) { :‫ ن‬nK Y3 f4 81 3*b3 : f4 ;
: 74 8M H1\‫و‬: : I:4 ‫@ א‬7': !3 !> @A :‫ ن‬1 Y5 f4 V: !5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 Y5 ْ ;
: 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ V3&V4 5 :74 /: 8: 1H5 4 V: }
ªkfslv n©mcsJ W iÇyfsk pf djYc zfsY kf dkdb zhok. kfvf ncifdvw jsv sjht
kfslv ubA pfslv iadk dkdb n§Âó ˆhQ kfvf k]fv Hsq HDk-n§Ã².À « (‚dìqf } 28)
7±‫( " א‬٢٧) {‫א‬Q&, : : 3*Y3 ْ ;
: 74 83 ‫و‬: 3*V4 :&V: @74 /: 738 KhK 4 V: 1*B@‘5 ‫ ٍل‬1 B 738 : I:4 ‫@ א‬78: !> @A}
ªkf]v msbfbDk vnCt hAkDk. snƒ s[sÛ dkdb vnCstv zsoa ˆhQ iÇyfsk iarvD
dbsqfduk jsvb.« (du¶b } 27)
ˆƒ zKG sKsjƒ mrfbhD -sjW `zft-mcvkfp¶f' htf rq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv
jfsY dkdb ns§ÀfNHfub W msbfbDk.

zft-mc²À¶fIf
`mc²f¶À If' mfsb hfYfƒjxk, dbhGfdyk, msbfbDk.
mrfb zfïfr k]fv nxdóv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf hfYfƒ j'sv mpGflf slb, dbsuv ubA
msbfbDk jsvb. dkdb hstb,
‫ل ' אن‬- " (٣٣) {: '3 !5 : !ْ ‫ א‬5 : :‫אن‬: '4 3 :‫ل‬-:‫ و‬:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A :‫ل‬-:‫ و‬O Q 1‫و‬: :‫م‬:‫د‬- Y5 Œ5 , 4 ‫ א‬:*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
ªdbÇyq zfïfr zflm, bCr, ƒhafrDsmv hQwLv ˆhQ ƒmvfsbv hQwLvsj dhÇhuosk
msbfbDk jsvsYb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 33)
¬-(‫( " א‬٧٥) {• <# 3 /: Š< '3 : :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:783 ‫و‬: ً 1 1 3 J5 s3 5 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:783 R3YŒ5 #
4 V: 1*> !‫}א‬
ªzfïfr dIdvñfslv mLA rsk msbfbDk jsvb hfBDhfrj (lCk) ˆhQ mfbcsNv mLA
rskW. dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGlóa f.« (rfÏ } 75)
'S!‫( " א‬٥٩) {:‫ ن‬PK @ f4 V1 8B 5 < 4 ;
: 1*> !- Y5 Œ5 ,
4 ‫ א‬:7V3W!> ‫ א‬3•3‫ د‬:3 5 : ‫ <م‬5 : ‫و‬: 3*> !3 1&'4 + : !ْ ‫ @ א‬6K }
ht, `nm²À iawQnf zfïfrvƒ ˆhQ kfv msbfbDk lfnslv iadk wfd§À! zfïfr swaô,
bfdj Wvf pfslvsj wvDj jsv kfvf?' (bfmXt } 59)
 44
‫( " ص‬٤٧) {@ : ; 4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬:74 Y5 Œ5 #
4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:7'3 !5 ::&S3 H4 X1 B@A‫و‬: }
ªzhwAƒ kfvf dYt zfmfv msbfbDk W …Ùm lfnslv z§ÀHÙ cG Á.« (n¶fl } 47)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
Hٍ 3 \: S3 /: •
ٍ V4 : 6K 74 83 Y5 Œ5 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬5 : S:P3 74 83 fQ V4 : 6K Y5 Œ5 , 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬: 3 ': 4 @A 3&!5 ‫و‬: 74 83 5 : S:P3 Y5 Œ5 ,
4 ‫ א‬:*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
.« Hٍ 3 \: S3/: 74 83 3 Y5 Œ5 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr ƒnmf„stv hQwLv sKsj djbfbfsj msbfbDk jsvsYb.
j¶vc fƒwsj msbfbDk jsvsYb djbfbf sKsj. hfbD rfswmsj msbfbDk jsvsYb j¶cvfƒw
sKsj. zfv zfmfsj msbfbDk jsvsYb hfbD rfswm sKsj. (zfrmfl, mcndtm 6077, dkvdmpD 3606bQ)
zfWI dhb mfstj zfwuf„ hstb, ˆjdlb zfdm bhD -ˆv nfsK iK ytdYtfm.
idvswsN zfmvf mlDbfv ƒqfùlDslv ˆj douGfq iashw jvtfm. sndlbde dYt kfslv
„slv dlb. nckvfQ kfvf snJfsb zfmfslv iashw jvfsj iY¦l jvt bf. pfƒ srfj bhD
kfslvsj t[A j'sv htstb, ªsr ƒqfùl n©ialfq! zfmfsj hfsvf ub stfj slJfW,
pfvf nf[A slsh sp, zfïfr YfVf sj… nkA …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl zfïfrv vnCt,
kfrst zfjfswv dbsy iaskAj ƒqfùlDv …iv sKsj snƒ sÛÁfL zfïfr kcst sbsh, sp
sÛÁfL kfslv iadk k]fv zfsY.«
ˆ jKf ðsb kfvf bDvh rsq vƒt. kfslv sj…ƒ sn jKfv …Ùv jvt bf. zk}iv
sn jKfv icbvfhxdÙ jvf rst kfvf zfhfvW sjfb …Ùv dlt bf. zk}iv dkdb
kfslv …sÜswA htstb,
.(H4 b1/4 BWP5 ‫و‬4 5 ، H4 b1S4 8: - ، Y5 Œ5 #
4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬2R3 SB!‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: ، 1d63 : !ْ ‫ א‬:5 ‫و‬: ، 1 3 +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:5 RM@A ، 3%‫א‬: 5 ، H4 b14 /:5 )
zKGf{, skfmfv zöDjfv jsvY. zKy zfïfrv jnm! zfdmƒ `rfswv'
(umfsqkjfvD), zfdmƒ `zfsj¶h' (nhswsN zfombjfvD) ˆhQ zfdmƒ `bhD mc²fÀ If'
(msbfbDk bhD). kfsk skfmvf dhw¶fn jv zKhf dmKAfÎfb jv. (nrDr nDvfr bhdbqAfr,
zfthfbD 80ix})
iajfw Kfsj sp, `mc²f¶À If' mfsb `pfhkDq mfbhDq ÈBfhtD rsk mcÙÁ' bq. zfdHLfdbj
zsKG bq, hf²ÀshW bq.

zft-mcj¶fIXIf
`mcjf¶ IXIf' mfsb iÇyfsk zfombjfvD. ˆ …ibfmde `zft-zfsj¶h'-ˆv zbcv™i.
spsrkc dkdb bhDosBv dntdntfv swN bhD. bhD drnfsh dkdbƒ nhGswsN zfomb
jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
.« 3 ': O
4 B !‫ א‬2 3 :‫و‬: 3 /:4 bB!‫ א‬2R3:‫و‬: 1 3 +
: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬Yq n5 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 »
zKGf{, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl, mcjf¶ IXIf, rfswv, bfdhqcAk kfWhfr W bfdhqcAv
vfrmfr. (zfrmfl 23443, mcndtm 6254bQ)
`mcjf¶ IXIf' zbcombjfvDW rq. spsrkc dkdb dYstb iChhG kGD bhDosBv äDsbv
zbcombjfvD.
45
isv hf diYsb zfnfv zsKG mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
" n !‫( " א‬٨٧) {@ 1 2 ! /3 3•3&4 /: 783 S:4 Y> 65 ‫و‬: :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬: 81 S:4 I:- &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
ªzhwAƒ zfdm mCnfsj djkfh (kWvfk oa§¿) dlsqdY ˆhQ kfv iÇyfsk ipGfqÛÁsm
vnCtoBsj siavB jsvdY.« (hfj¶fvfr } 87)
xQ&\1 3* 3 : ³
3 @z‫ א‬1• S:4 I:-:‫" و‬3 ‫א‬: 4 bB!‫ א‬:783 3*V4 :&V: :74 /: ': !q 6ً M&#
: 81 H: V: 4 8: @7/4 ‫ א‬: : /3 H3\@ ‰:- 5 : S:4 Y> 65 ‫و‬: }
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: 81 ‫و‬: < 1‫و‬:
ªzfdm kfslv (bhDosBv) isv isvƒ mfvqAfm-kbq „nfsj kfv iCshG zhkDBG kWvfskv
nmKGjv™si siavB jsvdYtfm ˆhQ nfhLfbDslv ubA isKv dbslGw W …islwv™si kfsj
ƒÓDt (‰wDoa§¿) dlsqdYtfm, Wsk dYt iK-dbslGw W zfstf.« (mfdqlfr } 46)
&V&(‫( " א‬٢٧) {: ³ 3 @‘!ْ ‫ א‬1• S:4 I:-:‫ و‬:HV: 4 8: @7/4 ‫ א‬: 3 /3 S:4 Y> 65 ‫و‬: S:31 1 /3 H3\@ ‰:- 5 : S:4 Y> 65 BH‰1}
ªzk}iv zfdm kfslv zbcofmD jsvdYtfm zfmfv vnCtoBsj ˆhQ zbcofmD
jsvdYtfm mfvqAfm kbq „nfsj, zfv kfsj dlsqdYtfm ƒÓDt.« (rflDl } 27)
diYsb iVfv zsKGƒ mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٣٦) {H< ْ 3 3*/3 5h!5 :•4 !5 8: 1}nْ I: 5?‫و‬: }
ªsp dhNsq skfmfv sjfb Îfb sbƒ, snƒ dhNsqv diYsb isVf bf.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 36)
ˆjƒ zsKG jdhkfv swNfQwsj `j¶fdIqfr' htf rq ˆhQ mfKfv diYsbv zQwsj
`j¶fIf' htf rq. zfv nhGswN bhD -sj htf rq `zft-mcjf¶ IXIf'. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr
znfïfm.

zfb-bfdhqcAt …©mD
ˆ …ibfsmv zKG, dbv[v bhD.
zfmfslv mrfbhD dbv[v dYstb. zbAfsbAv ubA dbv[vkf mpGflfv jfvB bf
rstW k]fv ubA kf dYt hV mpGflf W mc'dupfv jfvB.
dkdb mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj nfdrkAmdàk oa§¿ zft-jcv¶ zfb sisqdYstb. stfsjvf
ns¦lr jsvdYt, ˆef mfbcsNv stJf. dj§Â `kf mcrf©mfslv stJf'---ˆ jKf spb sj…
htsk bf ifsv, snƒ ts[Aƒ k]fsj dbv[v vfJf rsqdYt. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
1&+
:~4 V: 8: ‫و‬: 3*/3 1783 —4 V1 7:8 !5 —1 \: 74 83 ‫و‬: *3 /3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬1H\1 S:4 I:- :7V3W!> 5 :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬5h4 !5 @A S:!ْ T: 5 5h!3:WP5 ‫و‬: }
:‫ ن‬K Œ3 4'1 !ْ ‫ א‬:$ I:4 !> ‫א‬Q‫@ذ‬A 5hS3 '3 : /3 1*Œr ž
1 I: !5 ‫و‬: N$ b:P3 738 3*34 65 738 K b4I: :9SKP 8: ‫و‬: (٤٧) :‫ون‬1 3 J5 !ْ ‫@ >! א‬A S:I3 V: v3/
(٤٩) {:‫' ن‬1 !3 ƒ> !‫@ >! א‬A S:I3 V: v3/ 1&+
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1 R3 U
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zKGf{, ˆHfshƒ zfdm skfmfv iadk jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvdY ˆhQ pfslvsj zfdm oa§¿
dlsqdYtfm, kfvf ˆsk dhw¶fn jsv ˆhQ ˆslv msLAW sj… sj… ˆsk dhw¶fn jsv.
sjht zdhw¶fnDvfƒ zfmfv zfqfknmCrsj zöDjfv jsv. kcdm skf ˆv iCshG sjfb oa§¿
ifE jvsk bf ˆhQ kf dbu rfsk dtJskW bf sp, dmKAfhflDvf (kf slsJ) ns¦lr sifNB
 46
jvsh. hvQ pfslvsj Îfb slWqf rsqsY, kfslv z§Àsv ˆ (jcvzfb) ±ió dblwGb.
sjht zbfyfvDvfƒ zfmfv dblwGbsj zöDjfv jsv. (zfbjfhCk } 47-49)
stfsjvfW ufbk, dkdb dbv[v. mrfb zfïfrW k]fsj dbv[v bhD hst zfJAfqb
jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
H1\1 81 ْ‚V: @ ~
3 4 @z‫א‬:‫" و‬3 ‫א‬: 4 bB!‫ א‬R3 H4 \1 :&S3 /Q b1Jْ 8: 1*:‫و‬1&~
3 V: c3W!>‫ א‬BR8M K ‫ א‬BR3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬1 3 bBV: :7V3W!> ‫}א‬
H4 \1 : ,
4 @A H4 X1 S4 : 1Š: V: ‫و‬: :¢s3v:ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1HX@ 4 5 : 1‫م‬M +
: V1 ‫و‬: 3U :MŒ> !‫ א‬1HX1 !5 2 +
3 V1 ‫و‬: @ J5 S1'!ْ ‫@ א‬7: H4 \1 X: S4 V: ‫و‬: 3 ‫و‬1 4 ': !ْ /3
1H\1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K 1*: 8: :‫ل‬T@ K :c3W!> ‫ א‬: S2!‫ אْ א‬1 :IB‫א‬:‫ و‬1•‫و‬1 #
: :‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1 TB : ‫و‬: 3*/3 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> 5 H4 X@ 4 5 : 9
4 : P5 R3b!> ‫ א‬:‫ل‬5 ©ْ 5 ‫א‬:‫و‬
‫( " א א‬١٥٧) {:‫ ن‬+ 1 3Yْ '1 !ْ ‫א‬
ªpfvf dbv[v vnCt W bhDv zbcnvB jsv, pfv …sïJ kWvfk W ƒÓDt pf kfslv
dbje zfsY kfsk dtdihÝ ifq, sp kfslvsj n{jfsuv dbslGw slq W zn{jfsu
dbsNL jsv, sp kfslv ubA idhÛ h²ÂnmCrsj ShL jsv W zidhÛ h²ÂnmCrsj zShL
jsv ˆhQ sp kfslv Hfv W háb pf kfslv …iv dYt (kf rsk) kfslvsj mcÙÁ jsv.
nckvfQ pfvf kfv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsv, kfsj n©mfb jsv, kfsj nfrfpA jsv ˆhQ sp
zfstf kfv nfsK zhkDBG jvf rsqsY kfv zbcnvB jsv, kfvfƒ rsh nItjfm.«
(zf'vfI } 157)
: \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 *1 !5 c3W!> ‫ א‬Q '3 L
: H4 JK 4 !5 @A 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: 4 6K }
{:‫ون‬1&b:X4 I: H4 JK > : !5 1• 1 3 IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*I3 ': 3P5 ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 c3W!> ‫ א‬MR8M K ‫ א‬MR3 SB!‫ א‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 v5 19 '3 V1‫و‬: R3 +
4 V1
zKGf{, ht, `sr stfj njt! zfdm skfmfslv njstv ubA snƒ zfïfrv (siadvk)
vnCt; dpdb zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmsk¶v zdLjfvD, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb
(nkA) …ifnA sbƒ, dkdbƒ uDdhk jsvb W mxkcA Oefb. nckvfQ zfïfrv iadk W kf]v
vnCt dbv[v bhDv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv; sp zfïfr W kf]v hfBDsk dhÇhfn jsv, ˆhQ
skfmvf kfv zbcnvB jv, pfsk skfmvf iK ifW.' (zf'vfI } 158)
mrfbhD dbsuW hstsYb, dkdb dbv[v. lv™slv ˆj hfjAfhtDsk zfsY,
.....N&'B + : 81 @‫ل‬- 5 : ‫و‬: MR8M ‫ א‬M´SB!‫ א‬N&'µ + : 81 5 : M , : BHX1 > !5‫א‬
zfïfù©mf n¶fdï zftf mcrf©mfdlb bfdhdqAt …d©mƒdq zzftf zf-dt mcrf©mfl|||||||||||.
(zfrmfl 17072, zfhC lf†l 983, bfnf„ 9877bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, ªzfmvf rtfm dbv[v ufdk. zfmvf stJfiVf ufdb bf ˆhQ drnfhW
ufdb bf. mfn jJsbf ˆƒ vjm rq, jJsbf ˆƒ vjm rq. zKGf{, jJsbf 29 dlsb rq
ˆhQ jJsbf 30 dlsb.« (hcJfvD 1913bQ)
zfvh ufdkv msLA skmb stJfiVfv yyGf dYt bf. kfslv zdLjfQw stfj `…©mD'
dYt. snƒ ufdkv iadk vnCt ifEfsbfv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5 ': Jْ +
3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 '1 q : V1 ‫و‬: H4 X@ Pq T: V1 ‫و‬: 3*I3 V: - H4 X@ 4 5 : K b4 V: H4 X1 S48M !ً 1 : : M 8M K‚!ْ ‫ א‬R3 :¢: /: c3W!> ‫ א‬: \1 }
'±‫( " א‬٢) {ٍ 3 82 ‫ ٍل‬5 k
: R3Y!5 1 4 65 738 ‫ א‬1 P5
zKGf{, dkdbƒ dbv[vslv msLA kfslv ˆjubsj ifdEsqsYb vnCtv™si, sp kfslv
47
dbje zfhxdÙ jsv kf]v zfqfknmCr, kfslvsj idhÛ jsv ˆhQ dw[f slq oa§¿ W iaÎf,
pdlW ƒdkiCshG kfvf dYt sOfv dhëfd§Àsk. (ucmc‚r } 2)
snƒ `…©mfkct zfvfh'-ˆv iadk nìá ucsV mrfbhD -sj `…©mD' htf rsqsY.
zKhf `…©mX' hf `mf'-ˆv iadk nìá ucsV k]fsj `…©mD' htf rsqsY. spsrkc iaskAj
dwð mfkxoHG sKsj HCdmô rWqfv nmq dbv[v Kfsj.
dbv[vkf k]fv mc'dupf. nhsysq hV mc'dupf zft-j¶cvzfb. ùlfƒdhqfv ndáv nmq
dkdb dbsuv rfsk `dhb zfdèïfr' dtsJdYstb. (mcndtm 4731bQ)
i[f§Àsv k]fv stJfiVfv iasqfub dYt bf. dkdb dYstb mrfÎfbD. k]fv dYt iad[å
ÎfbHfàfv. spsrkc k]fv dw[j dYstb duhvDt zfmDsbv mfLAsm öqQ iftbjkGf mrfb
zfïfr. dkdb hstb,
R< O
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H~S!‫( " א‬٧) { 5 4 5 ‫@ א‬ZK K /3 : \1 ‫و‬: (٦) x: b:4 5 "N B 83 ‫و‬1‫( ذ‬٥) x: nK !ْ ‫ א‬1&V3&: 1*': > : (٤) O
: V1
ªwiK b[sÛv, pJb kf z²Àdmk rq. skfmfslv nÌD dhëf§À bq, dhiKofmDW bq.
ˆhQ sn mboVf jKfW hst bf. kf skf zrD, pf kfv iadk iakAfslw rq. kfsj dw[f
lfb jsv yvm wdÙÁwftD, (dIdvñf duhaf„t). iaÎfn©iâ, sn (duhaf„t dbu zfjxdksk)
d²¿v rsqdYt, kJb sn †L¶dG los§À.« (bfuXm } 1-7)
sj… sj… hstsYb, `…©mct j¶cvf' (mÄf)v iadk nìá ucsV k]fsj `…©mD' (mÄD) htf
rsqsY.
zfïfù©mf n¶fdï zftf mcrf©mfdlb bfdhdqAt …d©mƒdq zzftf zf-dt mcrf©mfl|||||||||||.

Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb
ˆ …ibfsmv zKG rt, nhGswN bhD.
`Jfkfm' mfsb smfrv. dydE stJfv nhswsN ˆƒ smfrv tfofsbf rq ˆhQ kfsk Kfsj
nmfdåv sOfNBf. bhDosBv dntdntf swN rWqfv nmfdå ufdbsq mrfb zfïfr
`mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr' -sj jsvsYb `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb'. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{ 'Q 3: N R4 : M JK /3 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬:HI: ; : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 B 73J!5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !3 L
: M 7M8 N&O
: 5 /:5 &< 'B +
: 81 :‫ ن‬P5 8B }
zKGf{, mcrf©mfl skfmfslv msLA sjfb icv¢sNv dikf bq, hvQ sn zfïfrv vnCt W
swN bhD. zfïfr nhGdhNsq nhGÎ. (‚rXpfh } 40)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
: :~
: 5 N V:‫א @و‬:‫ ز‬74 83 N S:3!5 :Šk
3 4 8: !>@A 1*5 ': L
4 5 ‫و‬: 1*S:: O
4 5‚5 bQ4/: S:/: ٍ L
1 : @ „:': P5 R3465 74 83 3 :345‚!ْ‫ א‬: „:8: ‫و‬: R3„:8: B‫@ن‬A)
.(: M3SB!‫ א‬1HI: ;
: :5‫و‬: K S:3>!‫ א‬:5‚5 :‫ ل‬65 K S:3>!‫ א‬3•3W\: 9
4 :k
3 ‫و‬1 >\: :‫! ن‬K nK V:‫و‬: 1*!5 :‫ ن‬1~
: 4 V:‫و‬: 3*/3 :‫ ن‬K ŒK V: 1‫ س‬SB!‫א‬
zKGf{, zfmfv ˆhQ zfmfv iChhG kGD bhDosBv …imf rt ˆj hAdÙÁv mskf, sp ˆjde
Ov hfbft, zk}iv kf nc¦lv W nclwGb hfbft. dj§Â ˆj sjfsB ˆjde ƒe hvfhv ufqof
 48
Jfdt vfJt. stfsjvf kf Ocsv-dIsv slJsk tfot ˆhQ mcÊ rt. kfvf htsk tfot,
`ˆƒ ƒeef sjb tfofsbf rqdb?'
(bhD hstb,) htf hfùtA, zfdm rtfm snƒ ƒe, zfdm rtfm `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb'
(nhGswN bhD). (hcJfvD 3535, mcndtm 6101bQ)
djqfmskv mfsE `mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr' -sj „nf `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb' hst
zfJAfqb jvshb.
djqfmsk stfsjvf nhfƒ ncifdvswv ubA zflm, bCr, ƒhafrDm, mCnf W „nf bhDv jfsY
pfsh. „nf bhD htshb,
(....: M 3 SB!‫ א‬1HI: ;
: 1*B@‘5 :H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*>!‫ > א‬,
: ‫א‬Q&'B +
: 81 ‫ א‬b1s4 ‫ א‬74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: H4 PK S:\1 194 !5 )
zKGf{, zfmfv sn spfoAkf sbƒ. hvQ skfmvf mcrf©mfl -ˆv jfsY pfW. jfvB dkdb
`Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb'.
zhswsN stfsjvf swNbhD -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfïfrv
vnCt. zfidb `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb'. zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv pfhkDq Èbfr mfI jsv
dlsqsYb. zkˆh zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv jfsY ncifdvw jv¢b.
zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf dj (Hqfhr) lc}J W p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY.' kJb dkdb yst
pfshb ˆhQ zfvswv bDsy k]fv iadkiftsjv ubA dnulfhbk rshb. zk}iv zfïfr
kf]v iawQnf W ÈBofsbv ubA k]fv r™lqsj ˆmb …¦mcÙÁ jsv slshb, spmb ƒdkiCshG
zfv jfsvf ubA jsvbdb. zk}iv zfïfr htshb, `sr mcrf©mfl! mfKf …EfW, yfW,
skfmfsj slWqf rsh. ncifdvw jv, oarB jvf rsh.' kJb swNbhD mfKf …dEsq
htshb, ªzfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj (v[f
jv¢b) sr iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr iadkiftj!« (zfrmfl
13590bQ)
swNbhD hstsYb,
? ، : M3 SB!‫ א‬1HI: ;
: :5 ‫و‬: ، "N : 4 3 K : /:4 5 H4 X1 S4 83 ، :‫ون‬1 f4 3 ‫و‬: › : 4 : :‫ ن‬/1‫א‬BWP5 :‫! ن‬K L
B :‫ د‬R3b8B K R3 1‫ ن‬JK V: )
.(c3&4 /: BR3 :
zKGf{, zfmfv …©msk 27 ub dmKcAj lfÏft (bhczskv lfhDlfv) rsh. kfslv
msLA 4 ub rsh mdrtf! zKy zfdmƒ `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb' (swNbhD), zfmfv isv sjfb
bhD sbƒ. (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 2955, dn} nrDrfr 1999bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(3*b3 S: ¦3 R3 ‫ <ل‬3&~
: S4 '1 !5 ‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬3*4 5 : :‫م‬:‫د‬- B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬1HI: ;
: ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : RM@A)
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm (tWsr mfrICsp) kJbW `zfècïfr' (zfïfrv lfn) W `Jfkfmcb
bfdhqADb' (swNbhD), pJb zflm k]fv jflfq isV dYstb. (zfrmfl 17150, rfsjm
3566, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 629, ƒhsb drêfb 6404bQ)
nckvfQ `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb' …ibfm dlsq ˆ jKfv sOfNBf slWqf rsqsY sp, bhczskv
dntdntf Jkm rsq sosY. k]fv iv zfv sjfb bhDv iasqfub sbƒ. k]fv zfomsb
zfïfrv äDb idviCBG rsq sosY. vfêfbD drlfqskv zfstf nfvf dhsw¶ dhjDBG rsqsY.
49
spsrkc k]fv zfomsbv iv dhw¶ [cû rsq sosY. njt lCvhkGD dbjse rsq sosY. lCsvv
dudbnW Osv hsn slJf pfs¤Y. kfƒ snƒ ˆj bhD W swN bhD äfvfƒ nfvf dhsw¶ äDsbv
zfstf dh¤Ycdvk rsh, mfbhmàtDv mfbhkf idviCBG rsh, nkA W bAfsqv ikfjf …ÖDb
rsh. nfvf dhsw¶ ˆj äDb, zdäkDq nQdhLfb W zdHâ zfƒb-jfbcb dbsq nfvf ufrfsbv
mfbcN wfd§Àsk hnhfn jvsh.

zfècïfr
`zfèX' wsèv zKG lfn, hf¦lf, softfm. ˆ wsè pdlW rDbkf vsqsY, khcW iaHcv
mpGflf drnfsh lfsnv mpGflf hxdÝ ifq. ncmrfb iaHcv lfnsk¶v mpGflfW dhwft. snƒ mrfb
iadkiftsjv `lfn' rWqfv spfoAkf tfH jvfW ivm snZHfsoAv hAfifv.
mrfb zfïfr k]fv djkfshv ˆjfdLj ufqofq mrfbhD -sj dbu `lfn' hst …sïJ
jsvsYb.
‫ن‬4 @A 3*’ !‫ون@ א‬1‫ د‬7M8 HKP ‫א‬:&X: 1 ْ‫ א‬1 ‫د‬4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*3„48M 7M8 "N : 1 /3 ْ‫ א‬I1ْ‚5 :3&4 : 5 : S:!ْ TB : 'B 8M NdV4 : R3 H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: }
" n !‫( " א‬٢٣) {: 63 3‫ د‬, : H4 b1S4 PK
ªzfdm zfmfv lfsnv iadk (mcrf©mfslv iadk) pf zhkDBG jsvdY, kfsk skfmfslv
sjfb ns¦lr Kfjst skfmvf kfv zbcv™i sjfb nCvf zfbqb jv, ˆhQ skfmvf pdl
nkAhflD rW, ksh zfïfr hAkDk skfmfslv njt nf[D (ˆ jfsu
nrspfoD …ifnAslv)sj zfrhfb jv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 23)
@7/4‫א‬:‫ @ و‬P3 : ': !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬8: b:: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬/:4 nK !ْ ‫ א‬c3W!3‫و‬: @‫ ل‬1 B !3‫و‬: 1*: '1 ;
1 3*’ !3 B‫ن‬5‚5 N R4 : 7M8 H1b'4 S3 ©5 ': B5 ْ‫' א‬1 5 4 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
N R4 : M PK 5 : 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ ن@ و‬: '4 ~
: !ْ ‫ א‬n5 b:!ْ ‫م א‬: 4 V: @‫ ن‬65 4 YK !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: :3&4 : 5 : S:!ْ T: 5 8: ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 H4 b1S:8- H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A @ 3 B !‫א‬
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٤١) {< V3&65
ªzfsvf susb vfJ sp, pcsÝ pf djYc skfmvf (obDmk) tfH jv kfv ˆj-iÑmfQw
zfïfr, k]fv vnCstv, vnCstv dbjefk¹Dq, dikxrDb ˆkDm, ldvla ˆhQ iKyfvDslv ubA;
pdl skfmvf zfïfrsk W snƒ dudbsn dhÇhfnD rW, pf Ifqnftfv dlb (hlsv) zfdm
zfmfv lfsnv iadk zhkDBG jsvdYtfm; spdlb lcƒ lt iv±isvv n©mcJDb rsqdYt ˆhQ
zfïfr nhG dhNsq wdÙÁmfb.« (‚bXIft } 41)
7±‫( " א‬١٩) {‫א‬Q&:!3 3*4 5 : :‫ ن‬1 JK V: ‫وא‬1‫ د‬P5 1• 1 &4 V: 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : :‫ م‬65 'B !5 1*B5 ‫و‬: }
ªzfv ˆƒ sp, pJb zfïfrv lfn kf]sj Ffjhfv ubA làfqmfb rt, kJb kfvf kfv
dbje dHV umft.« (du¶b } 19)
1*!5 4 O
: S:Pْ : /: c3W!>‫ א‬#
: 6ْ 5 ‫ א‬3&~
3 4 ': !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A @‫אم‬: +
: !ْ ‫ א‬3&~
3 4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:78M ً 4 !5 3•3&4 : /3 x: 4 5 c3W!> ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬+
: 41 }
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬١) {•1#3 :!‫ א‬1Š '3 B !‫ א‬: \1 1*B@A S:I3 V: - 74 83 1*V: @ S1!3
ªidhÛ W mdrmmq dkdb dpdb dbu hf¦lfsj vfkfvfdk ëmB jdvsqsYb (mÄfv)
mfndulct rfvfm rsk (dIdt²ÀDsbv) mfndulct ‚j¶nfq, pfv idvshwsj ‚dm jsvdY
hjGkmq, pfsk zfdm kfsj ‚mfv djYc dblwGb slJfƒ; dbÇyq dkdbƒ nhGswafkf,
 50
nhGlóa f.« (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 1)
}XJ!‫( " א‬١) { L : : 3 1*!> : ~ 4 V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬3•3&4 : 5 : :‫ل‬T: 5 c3W!> ‫ א‬3*> !3 1&'4 +
: !ْ ‫}א‬
ªnm²À iawQnf ‚ïfrvƒ dpdb k]fv hf¦lfv iadk ˆƒ djkfh zhkDBG jsvsYb ˆhQ
ˆsk dkdb sjfb iajfv hÛÁkf vfsJbdb.« (jfrI } 1)
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬١) { ‫א‬Q V3W: : '3 !5 : ْ !3 :‫ ن‬JK : !3 3•3&4 : 5 : :‫ ن‬65 4 YK !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ل‬TB : c3W!> ‫ א‬5g: :I:}
ªjk iafycpGmq dkdb dpdb k]fv lfsnv iadk Icvj¶fb (jcvzfb) zhkDBG jsvsYb.
pfsk sn dhÇhuoskv ubA nkjGjfvD rsk ifsv.« (Icvj¶fb } 1)
< ‫و‬1–: !5 H4 JK /3 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: @ S2!‫! א‬5 @A 3U ': K ƒr !‫ א‬:78M HKJL
: @ž4 1 !3 NU S:M /: NU V: - 3•3&4 : 5 : 1‫ل‬TM S:V1 c3W!> ‫ א‬: \1 }
&V&(‫( " א‬٩) {H< O 3B
ªdkdbƒ kf]v hf¦lfv iadk nc±ió zfqfknmCr zhkDBG jsvb, skfmfslvsj nm²À
iajfv zájfv rsk zfstfsj zfbfv ubA. zfv dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk jv¢Bfmq;
ivm lqftc.« (rflDl } 9)
H~S!‫( " א‬١٠) { O : ‫و‬4 5 8: 3•3&4 : !5 @A O : ‫و‬4 5‚5 }
ªkJb zfïfr kf]v lfsnv iadk pf zrD jvfv kf zrD jvstb.« (bfuXm } 10)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(3*b3 S: ¦3 R3 ‫ <ل‬3&~
: S4 '1 !5 ‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬3*4 5 : :‫م‬:‫د‬- B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬1HI: ;
: ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : RM@A)
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm (tWsr mfrICsp) kJbW `zfècïfr' (zfïfrv lfn) W `Jfkfmcb
bfdhqADb' (swNbhD), pJb zflm k]fv jflfq isV dYstb. (zfrmfl 17150, rfsjm
3566, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 629, ƒhsb drêfb 6404)
dkdb zdäkDq mf'hCslv zfèX, mfsb dkdb mf'hCl bb. k]fsj dbsq hfVfhfdV j'sv zfèX
sKsj mf'hCslv zfnsb hnfsbf zhwAƒ dEj bq. dkdb hstsYb,
.1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : ‫! א‬K nK 5 ،1•1&4 : :5 ': B@‘5 :HV: 4 8: :7/4‫ א‬x: #
: SB!‫ א‬U
4 : ¦ْ 5 ': P5 R3 ‫و‬1 Œْ I1 5?
zKGf{, skfmvf zfmfsj dbsq (zfmfv kf'pDsm) hfVfhfdV jsvf bf, spmb dJa±efbvf
(„nf) ƒhsb mfvqAfmsj dbsq jsvsY. zfdm skf zfïfv lfn mfÛ. zkˆh skfmvf
zfmfsj zfïfrv lfn W k]fv vnCtƒ hstf.« (hcJfvD 3445, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4897bQ)
nckvfQ k]fsj mDmrDb `zfrmfl' (zfrfl), zfƒbrDb `zfvh' (vh) msb jvf zhwAƒ
dJa±efbslv mskf dwjG.
dpdb zfvsw dYstb, dkdbƒ bhD rsq mlDbfq ˆstb---hst pfvf k]fsj dbsq zdkvÓb
jsv, kfvf dj zfslZ kWrDslv sjfb Jhv vfsJ? pfvf `zfèX'sj `mf'hCl'-ˆv zfnsb
zdLdôk jsv, kfvf `zfèX'-ˆv n©mfb hxdÝ jsv dEjƒ, dj§Â `mf'hCl'-ˆv n©mfb dj
mfKfq vfsJ? bfdj …¦mflbfv zdkvÓsb HdÙÁHfusbv HdÙÁsk mfÛfdLj hfVfhfdV jsv
k]fv yfƒsk hV n©mfbDv n©mfbsj LCdtnf{ j'sv dbsuslv „mfb hvhfl jsv, kfv
sJqft vfsJ bf?
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
51
5h3X4 V1 ‫ن‬5 :‫אد‬: 5 ‫ن‬4 @A ^Q4 : 3*’ !‫ א‬:783 Kh3'4 V: 7:'5 4 6K :HV: 4 8: 17/4 ‫ א‬1] 3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 :*’!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ْ‫! א‬K v56 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬: Y5 P5 &4 n5 !>}
f: V: 8: 1ZK ž
4 V: ': X1 S:4 /: 8: ‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 3*’ !3‫و‬: Q '3 L
: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 7:8‫و‬: 1*8B K ‫و‬: :HV: 4 8: :7/4 ‫ א‬:] 3 ': !ْ ‫א‬
"&s ‫( " א‬١٧) {< V3&65 N R4 : M PK 5 : 1*’ !‫א‬:‫و‬
ªdbÇyq kfvf zdhÇhfnD (jfsIv), pfvf hst, `mfvqAfm-kbq mnDrƒ zfïfr.' ht,
`mfvqAfm-kbq mnDr, kfv mfkf ˆhQ ixdKhDv njtsj pdl zfïfr L¶Qn jvsk ƒ¤Yf
jsvb, ksh kf]sj hfLf slhfv wdÙÁ jfv zfsY?' zfjfw W HC-màst ˆhQ ˆv msLA pf
djYc zfsY, kfv nfhGsHZmk¶ zfïfrvƒ. dkdb pf ƒ¤Yf nxdó jsvb. zfv zfïfr nhG dhNsq
nhGwdÙÁmfb.« (mfdqlfr } 17)
RM/: :*’ !‫وאْ א‬1&14 ‫ א‬: s3 ‫א‬: 4 @A R3S/: V: 1] 3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ ل‬65 ‫و‬: :HV: 4 8: 17/4 ‫ א‬1] 3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ْ‫! א‬K 65 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬: Y5 P5 &4 n5 !5 }
(٧٢) {ٍ #
: 5 74 83 : '3 !3 ƒ> !3 8: ‫و‬: 1 SB!‫ א‬1•‫א‬:‫‚ْو‬8: ‫و‬: 5 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬3* 5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫م‬B O
: &4 n5 5 3*’ ! /3 gْ @ f4 V1 7:8 1*B@A H4 JK /B: ‫و‬:
ªkfvf db}ns¦lsr zdhÇhfnD (jfsIv), pfvf hst, `zfïfrƒ mfvqAfm-kbq mnDr.'
zKy mnDr hstdYt, `sr hbD ƒnaf„t! skfmvf zfmfv iadkiftj W skfmfslv
iadkiftj zfïfrv …ifnbf jv. zhwAƒ sp sj… zfïfrv zQwD jvsh, dbÇyq zfïfr
kfv ubA shsrñX dbdNÝ jvshb W slfpJ kfv hfn²¿fb rsh ˆhQ zkAfyfvDslv ubA
sjfb nfrfpAjfvD sbƒ.« (mfdqlfr } 72)

JftDtcïfr
mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrv `JtDt' (Jfn hác) dYstb. spmb ƒhafrDm k]fv
`JtDt' dYstb.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A 1*’ !‫ א‬:Wž
: IB‫א‬:‫ و‬Yً S3 O
: :H \3 ‫א‬: /4A@ 5 > 83 :Š:IB‫ وא‬7< 3 +
4 81 : \1 ‫و‬: % 1*X: L
4 ‫و‬: :H5 4 5 74 'B 8M SQV3‫ د‬17: O
4 5 74 8: ‫و‬: }
S!‫( " א‬١٢٥) {ً 3; :
zKGf{, zfv kfv zsi[f LsmG sj …Ùm, sp dhðÝ (kWrDlhflD) rsq zfïfrv dbje
zfk¹nmiGB jsv ˆhQ ˆjdbôHfsh ƒhafrDsmv LmfGlwG zbcnvB jsv? zfv zfïfr
ƒhafrDmsj (JtDt) Jfn hácv™si oarB jsvsYb. (dbnf } 125)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A :Wž
: IB‫' א‬: P5 ً 3;
: 3 :Wž
: IB‫ א‬3&65 !5 : I: :*> !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 < 3;
: H4 JK S4 83 !3 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫ن‬4 5 3*> !‫! א‬5 @A K : /4 5 M@A)
.(.....ً 3;: ٍ Jْ /: /:5 1UW4 ž
: IB5? ً 3;
: b3 8B K 74 83 ‫א‬QWž
3 bB81 19S4 PK 4 !5 ‫و‬: ً 3;:
zKGf{, zfdm zfïfrv dbje ˆ jKfv dbdtGåkf sOfNBf jvdY sp, skfmfslv mLA rsk
sj… zfmfv JtDt zfsY. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr zfmfsj JtDtv™si oarB jsvsYb; spmb
dkdb ƒhafrDmsj JtDtv™si oarB jsvsYb. zfdm zfmfv …©mskv jf…sj JtDtv™si
oarB jvst zfhC hfjXvsj JtDtv™si oarB jvkfm. (mcndtm 1216bQ)
.«3*>!‫ א‬1 3;
: H4 JK 1O
3 ,
: 74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: ً 3;: 55 +
: 6K /35 :7/4‫ א‬1UW4 ž
: IB5? ً 3;
: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫\ @ א‬4 5 74 83 ‫א‬QWž3 bB81 19S4PK 4 !5»
 52
zKGf{, zfdm ixdKhDv jf…sj JtDtv™si oarB jvst ƒhsb zfhD j¶crfIfr (zfhC
hfjXv)sj JtDtv™si oarB jvkfm. dj§Â skfmfslv nfKD `JftDtcïfr'. (mcndtm 6326bQ)
`JtDt' snƒ hácsj htf rq, pfv háck¶ dbsHGuft J]fde. pfv Hfstfhfnf r™lsqv jBfq
jBfq ²¿fbtfH jsv dbsqsY.

zfnX-dnvfuct mcbDv
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆj …ibfm `dnvfsu mcbDv'. ˆv zKG zfstflfbjfvD ialDi.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{‫•ًא‬3S81 ً L‫א‬: 3 ‫و‬: 3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @‘/3 3%‫! א‬5 @A ً 3 ‫א‬:‫ود‬: (٤٥) ‫ ًא‬V3W:‫و‬: ‫ ًא‬fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫&ًא‬3\ : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 B@A 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
zKGf{, sr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W
nkjGjfvDv™si, zfïfrv zbcmdkÛÁsm k]fv dlsj zfrhfbjfvDv™si W …϶t ialDiv™si.
(‚rXpfh } 45-46)
dkdb …϶t ialDi } spsrkc k]fv bhczskv nkAkf ±ió. sjfb zdhmxwAjfvD YfVf
sj… kf zöDjfv jvsk ifsv bf.
dkdb …϶t ialDi } spsrkc k]fv mfLAsm jcIvDv ObOef zájfsv iK slJf pfq. k]fv
mfLAsm ififyfsvv zájfsv rfdvsq pfWqf ydvÛ J]csu ifWqf pfq.
dkdb …϶t ialDi } spsrkc k]fv zfstf äfvf iKëóvf iK ifq. dwjG W jcIvDv
zájfvf¤Yâ odtsk ncisKv dlwf ifq.
dkdb …϶t ialDi } spsrkc k]fv bhczskv iamfB z±ió bq. spsrkc dkdb dbsuƒ
±ió iamfB. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
3*> !‫ א‬:78M ‫ <ل‬1 : (١) K S:M :!ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 : I3 ْ‚I: bBO
: : Jq Y5 S18 : P3 @ f4 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3$ b:J3 !ْ ‫\ @ א‬4 5 74 83 ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫@ א‬7JK V: H4 !5 }
S !‫( " א‬٢) {"ً : XB Œ5 82 Yً + 1,1 K b4 V:
zKGf{, zfrst djkfh W mcwdvjslv msLA pfvf jcIvD jsvdYt, kfvf zfib msk
zdhydtk dYt, pk[B bf ˆt kfslv dbje nc±ió iamfB; zfïfrv dbje rsk ˆj
vnCt; sp zfhxdÙ jsv idhÛ oa§¿. (hfƒsqbfr } 1-2)
dkdb …϶t ialDi } dkdb pJb ixdKhDsk ˆstb, kJb yfdvdlj jcIvD W dwsjGv
zájfv, zÎkf W ufsrdtqfskv dkdmv vfdÛ, zmfbhkfv z]fLfsv mfbhkfv rfhcFchc
zh²¿f. njstƒ sn zmfdbwfv zhnfb Oefsk zfoarD. dkdb ˆstb bhD rsq. snƒ njt
zájfv lCvDHCk rt. kf dYt mcrf©mflD bhczskv u¶t§À Hfõv. zfstf YdVsq sot
dlsj dlsj.
mrfb zfïfr dhw¶ufrfsbv zájfv lCvDHCk jvfv ubA mrfwCsbA u¶t§À ialDi nCpG nxdó
jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬٦١) {‫א‬Q•S3 82 ‫א‬Q ': 65 ‫و‬: L
Q ‫א‬: 3 X: 3 : : L
: ‫و‬: L
Q ‫و‬1 /1 ': B !‫ א‬R3 : : L
: c3W!> ‫ א‬5g: :I:}
jk iafycpGmq dkdb dpdb bsHfmàst vfdwyÛÁ nxdó jsvsYb ˆhQ Wsk ²¿fib jsvsYb
ialDi (nCpG) W suAfdkmGq y¦û. (Icvj¶fb } 61)
53
i " (١٦) { L Q ‫א‬: 3 :•'4 fB !‫ א‬: : L : ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q 1 B7X@ 3 : ': n5 !ْ ‫ א‬: : L : ‫و‬: }
snJfsb (zfjfsw) y¦lasj ²¿fib jsvsYb zfstfv™si W nCpsG j ²¿fib jsvsYb
ialDiv™si. (bCr } 16)
‚ S!‫( " א‬١٣) { L Q \B ‫و‬: LQ ‫א‬: 3 S:ْ : L : ‫و‬: (١٢) ‫א‬Q‫אد‬:&3 Q 4 : H4 JK 65 4 5 S:4 S:/:‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfv dbmGfB jsvdY skfmfslv †L¶sG lsw nclPx nå zfjfw ˆhQ nxdó jsvdY
ˆjde ialDå ialDi (nCpG). (bfhf } 12-13)
htf hfùtA, dhsw¶ zfstflfbjfvD zfjfswv ialDsiv bfm dlstb `dnvfsu zrXrfu'.
zfv v™ijfsKG mfbcsNv msbv zfjfsw zfstflfbjfvD ialDsiv bfm dlstb `dnvfsu
mcbDv'.
zfjfswv ialDi bf Kfjst uDh-uo{ L¶Qn-jhdtk rskf. iafBDjCt dhtDb rsq spskf.
bf hxdó rskf, bf Int Itskf.
zbcv™i mfbcsNv msbv zájfv lCvDHCk jvfv ubA bhczskv ialDi zfstfdjk bf
rst mfbcNƒ L¶Qn rsq spskf, slfpsJv ƒásb idvBk rskf.
hvQ mfbcN nh nmq ixdKhDv zfjfswv nCspGv mcJfsi[D bq. vfdÛsk hf smOtf dlsb nCpG
bf Kfjst mfbcsNv sjfb [dk rq bf. dj§Â mfbcsNv r™lqfjfsw snƒ ialDi mcrCskGv ubA
zfstf bf YVfst sn dhbfwmcJD rq. sn ialDi dlhfvfdÛ, zfstf W z]fLfsv, sofib W
iajfswA, iaskAj ufqofsk mfbhkfv nfKD. sn ialDi zfstf bf dlst dhw¶-mfbhkf
zájfsv rfhcFhc c Jfsh.
ˆƒ snƒ bhczskv …϶t ialDi, pf zfïfrv bCv. sn bCvsj jfsIvvf I]c dlsq
dbhGfdik jvsk sysqdYt. mrfb zfïfr hstdYstb,
/ b!‫( א‬٣٢) {:‫ون‬1 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:•@ P5 4 !5 ‫و‬: 1•: 1 BHb3 V1 ‫ن‬5 >?@A 1*’ !‫ א‬/:ْ‚V:‫و‬: H4 X@ \3 ‫א‬: ْ 5‚/3 3*’ !‫ א‬: 1 ْ‫وא‬1—Y3 Œْ V1 ‫ن‬5 :‫ون‬1&V@ V1 }
zKGf{, kfvf kfslv mcsJv Ic{jfsv zfïfrv bCvsj dbhGfdik jvsk yfq, zKy zfïfr
öDq bCv (äDb-ƒntfm)sj iCBsG k¶ si]ZYfsbf hAkDk dbv²À rshb bf, pdlW zdhw¶fnDvf
ziaDdkjv msb jsv. (kfWhfr } 32)
}#!‫( " א‬٨) {:‫ون‬1 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:•@ P5 4 !5 ‫و‬: 3•@ 1 2Hb3 81 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X@ \3 ‫א‬: ْ 5‚/3 3*> !‫ א‬: 1 ‫وא‬1—Y3 Œْ 1 !3 :‫ون‬1&V@ V1}
zKGf{, kfvf zfïfrv suAfdksj kfslv mcJ dlsq dbdHsq dlsk yfq, dj§Â zfïfr kf]v
suAfdksj iCBvG ™si …ßfdnk jvshb; pdlW zdhw¶fnDvf kf ziY¦l jsv. (n¶fIX } 8)
nkAƒ skf,
`IfbCn hfbsj dunjD drIfpk rfWqf jfsv,
Wr wfmf' djqf hcsU, dusn vWwb Jclf jfsv.'
mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj dbvfiÙfv dbÇyqkf dlsq hstdYstb,
:783 5h'1 #
3 4 V: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬1*b:!5 : @ :9“4 > /: ': 5 4 : Yْ I: H4 !> ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5h/MB 738 5h4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K 8: š4 q /: 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
"&s ‫( " א‬٦٧) {:7V@ 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬c3&X4 V: 5? :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A @‫ س‬SB!‫א‬
ªsr vnCt! skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY, kf
iayfv jv. pdl kf bf jv, ksh skf kcdm kf]v hfkGf iayfv jvst bf. zfïfr skfmfsj
 54
mfbcN rsk v[f jvshb. h²Âk} zfïfr zdhÇhfnD n©ialfqsj n{isK idvyfdtk jsvb
bf.« (mfdqlfr } 67)

bfdhqcAk kfWhfr
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjde …ibfm `bfdhqcAk kfWhfr'. ˆv zKG kWhfv bhD.
dkdb hstsYb,
.(3 ': +: ْ ': !ْ ‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 3 /:4 bB!‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 3 ': O4 B !‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 1 3 + : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬RqYn5 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 )
zKGf{, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl, mcjf¶ IXIf, rfswv, bfdhqcAv vfrmfr, bfdhqcAk
kfWhfr W bfdhqcAt mftrfmfr. (zfrmfl 19525bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf ntIoB htskb,
.......:‫ ل‬65 −H ‫ * و‬%‫ א‬,− 3 /:4 bB!‫ א‬2 3: @H3 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬/15 S3 ‰:B&O :
zKGf{, zfmfsj zfhct jfsnm bfdhqcAk kfWhfr rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb, dkdb
hstsYb|||||||. (mcndtm 4402, zfhC lf†l 5167, dkvdmpD 1947bQ iaHdx k)
dkdb kWhfv bhD. spsrkc k]fv rfsk kWhf jhct jvf rq. mrfb zfïfr k]fv
…©mskv kWhf jhct jsv zivfL [mf jsv slb. bsy{ iChhG kGD …©mskv kWhf dYt
zfk¹rkAf hf zfsifn-rkAf. spmb mrfb zfïfr hfbD ƒnaf„stv kWhfv hAfifsv
hstsYb,
ْ‫ א‬K b16ْ 5 H4 JK s3 @ /: !5 @A ْ‫ א‬/1 b15 : ~ 4 3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HPK 3‫ ذ‬ž
: IM /3 H4 JK : YK 5 H4 b1'4 5 l5 H4 JK B@A @‫م‬4 65 V: 3*83 4 n5 !3 : 81 :‫ ل‬65 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
" n !‫( " א‬٥٤) { 1H O 3 B !‫ א‬1$‫א‬B bB!‫ א‬: \1 1*B@A H4 JK 4 5 : :$ b:5 H4 JK s3 @ /: :&S3 H4 JK !> < 4 ;
: H4 JK !3:‫ ذ‬H4 JK : YK 5
zKGf{, zfv mCnf pJb zfib n©ialfsqv stfjsj htstb, `sr zfmfv n©ialfq! sof-
h{nsj …ifnAv™si oarB jsv skfmvf dbsuslv iadk sOfv zbfyfv jsvY. nckvfQ
skfmvf skfmfslv naófv dlsj dIsv pfW (kWhf jv) ˆhQ skfmvf dbsuslv (dbvivfL
zivfLD)sj rkAf jv. skfmfslv naófv dbje ˆefƒ swaq. dkdb skfmfslv iadk
[mfivfqB rshb. dbÇyq dkdb zkA§À [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.' (hfj¶fvfr } 54)
dj§Â mcrf©mlD …©mskv sj… dwjG hf jcIvD sKsj „mfsb dIvsk yfƒst sjht
(wkGfhtD-nr) kWhf jvfƒ psKó.
dkdb kWhfv bhD. k]fv …©mskv mfsU kWhfjfvDv nQJAf shdw rsh. spsrkc k]fv
…©mskv nQJAf nhfv yfƒsk shdw rsh. ˆj nmq ˆmb zfnsh, pJb nfvf dhsw¶v mfbcN
jcIvD sKsj kWhf jvsh. ˆ zsKG `mfrD' rsh nmfKGshfLj …ibfm.
dkdb kWhfv bhD. spsrkc dkdb dlhfvfdÛ zdLjfdLj kWhf jvskb. dkdb hstsYb,
.(( "ً B 8: : 3 4 : 74 83 : „:Pْ 5 @‫م‬4 : !‫* | א‬4 !5 @A $
1 I15 ‫ و‬%‫ א‬1 Y3 “4 b:4 5 RMA %‫)) وא‬
ªzfïfrv jnm! zfdm iakAr 70 hfsvv zdLj zfïfrv dbje [mfiafKGbf W kWhf
jdv.« (hcJfvD 6307bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
55
.« "N B 8: 5 s: 83 3*4 !5 @A @‫م‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬3 1$ I15 M@‘5 3*> !‫! א‬5 @A ‫ א‬/1 I1 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: »
ªsr stfj njt! skfmvf zfïfrv nmDsi kWhf jv! sjbbf, zfdm iadkdlb 100
hfv jsv k]fv dbje kWhfr j'sv Kfdj.« (mcndtm 7034bQ)
(( "N B 8: 5 ^:83 @‫م‬4 : !‫ א‬R3 5%‫ א‬1 Y3 “:b4 5 RM@A‫و‬: ، R3 ْ 65 5 : 1‫“ ن‬: 1 !5 1*B@A ))
ªzfmfv z§Àv zfïfrv n¹vB sKsj dbsmNHv hfLfiafå rq. snsrkc zfdm dlsb
ˆjwk hfv zfïfrv dbje [mf dH[f yfƒ.« (mcndtm 7033bQ)
ƒhsb …mfv hstb, ˆjƒ mudtsn hsn bhD -ˆv (ˆƒ ƒd²ÀoIfvde) ifE jvf
zh²¿fq ˆjswf hfv ipG§À ÈBkfm,
.(( 1H O 3 B !‫ א‬1$‫א‬B bB!‫ א‬:94 5 5hB@A BR5 : d 4 I1‫و‬: R3! 4 Y3 ©ْ ‫ א‬M$: ))
zKGf{, sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfsj [mf jv, zfmfv kWhf jhCt jv, dbÇyq kcdm
zdkwq kWhfr jhCtjfvD ivm lqfhfb (mrf [mfwDt). (zfhC lf†l 1518, dkvdmpD 3434bQ)
zfv mrfb iadkiftj k]fsj zfslw dlsq hstdYstb,
(١٩) {H4 PK ‫א‬: „4 8: ‫و‬: H4 JK :> n5 b:81 1H5 4 V: 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬3U S:83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬: S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3‫و‬: 5h3 :W!3 4 Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬1*> !‫@ >! א‬A :*!5 @A !5 1*B5 H4 5 4 5 }
zKGf{, nckvfQ kcdm susb vfJ, zfïfr YfVf (nkA) sjfb …ifnA sbƒ. zfv [mf-
iafKGbf jv skfmfv ˆhQ mcdmb bv-bfvDslv Û¢dev ubA. zfïfr skfmfslv odkdhdL ˆhQ
zh²¿fb s[Û nìsá nmAj zhok zfsYb. (mcrf©mfl } 19)
dkdb kWhfv bhD. dkdb …©mskv jfsvf ubA [mf iafKGbf jvst mrfb zfïfr kfsj
[mf jsv Kfsjb. spmb dkdb hstsYb,
:*’ !‫وאْ א‬1 Y5 “4 b:4 5 5g‫و‬1–v:L H4 X1 : YK 5 ْ‫' א‬1 5 l> ‫@ذ‬A H4 X1 B5 4 !5 ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ذن@ א‬4 @‘/3 :‫ ع‬Œ5 1!3 >?@A ‫ ٍل‬1 B 738 S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
S!‫( " א‬٦٤) { 'Q O 3 B /Q‫א‬B I: :*’ !‫وאْ א‬1&L
: : !5 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬1HX1 !5 : Y5 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, vnCt ˆ …sÜswA siavB jsvdY sp, zfïfrv dbslGw zbcnfsv kfv zfbcokA jvf
rsh. zfv pJb kfvf dbsuslv iadk pctcm j'sv (ifi jsv)dYt, kJb pdl kfvf skfmfv
dbje zfnk W zfïfrv dbje [mfiafKGbf jvk ˆhQ vnCtW kfslv ubA [mf yfƒk,
kfrst dbÇyqƒ kfvf zfïfrsj kWhf jhctjfvD W ivm lqftcv™si sik. (dbnf } 64)
dkdb kWhfv bhD. mrfb zfïfr idÇym dlj rsk nCpG WEfv iChG mcrCkG ipG§À
k]fv …©mskv kWhf jhct jvshb. dlhfvfdÛ dkdb …©mskv kWhf jhct jvfv ubA
dbu r²À ianfdvk vfsJb. mrfbhD hstsYb,
@ > !‫ א‬1 R3 81 :$ b1:!3 @ X: SB! / 1•:&V: •K 1 4V: ‫ و‬، @ X: SB!‫ א‬1 R3 81 :$ b1: !3 @ ! / 1•:&V: •K 1 4 V: !5 : I: %‫ א‬B‫ن‬A ))
.(( X3/@ “4 8: 74 83 1•'4 fB !‫ א‬:ŠKŒْ I: bBO
: ،
ªdbÇyq zfïfr kfzftf dbu rfk vfsk ianfdvk jsvb; spb dlsb ifijfvD (vfsk)
kWhf jsv. ˆhQ dlsb kf]v rfk ianfdvk jsvb; spb vfsk ifijfvD (dlsb) kWhfr
jsv. sp ipG§À idÇym dlj sKsj nCspGflq bf rsh, sn ipG§À ˆƒ vDdk yftc Kfjsh.«
(mcndtm 7165bQ)
 56

bfdhqcAv vfrmfr
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjde …ibfm `bfdhqcAv vfrmfr'. ˆv zKG vrmskv bhD hf lqfv
bhD. dkdb hstsYb,
.(3 ': +
: ْ ': !ْ ‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 3 /:4 bB!‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 3 ': O
4 B !‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 1 3 +
: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬RqYn5 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 )
zKGf{, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl, mcjf¶ IXIf, rfswv, bfdhqcAv vfrmfr, bfdhqcAk
kfWhfr W bfdhqcAt mftrfmfr. (zfrmfl 19525bQ)
dkdb lqfv bhD, mrfb zfïfr nf[A dlsq sn jKf hstsYb,
(١٢٨) {H< O
3 B < ‫و‬1–: : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ /3 HKJ4 5 : ˜< V@ O : H4 b2S3 : 8: 3*4 5 : T< V@T: H4 JK 3 YK 5 74 8M ‫ <ل‬1 : H4 PK L : &4 n5 !5 }
zKGf{, zhwAƒ skfmfslv dbje zfomb jsvsY skfmfslvƒ mLAjfv ˆmb ˆjub
vnCt, pfv jfsY skfmfslv [dkjv dhNq zdk jólfqj msb rq, sp skfmfslv Jchƒ
drkfjf£[D, mc'dmbslv iadk hVƒ sn´rwDt, jv¢BfivfqB. (kfWhfr } 128)
lqfv bhD, kfƒ dkdb m¦lsj m¦l äfvf iadkrk jsvb bf. hvQ dkdb [mf W mfuGbf
j'sv slb. zfk¶f dhb qAfnfv hstb, zfdm zfècïfr dhb zfmXv dhb zfn -ˆv
nf[fsk httfm, `kfWvfsk …dïdJk vfnCtcïfr -ˆv ÈBfhtD n©isjG zfmfsj
htcb.' dkdb htstb, `r]Af. zfïfrv jnm! dkdb jcvzfsb hdBGk djYc ÈsB kfWvfskW
ÈBfd¦hk. (spmb,) ªsr bhD! zfdm skf skfmfsj ifdEsqdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W
nkjGjfvDv™si« (‚rXpfh } 45) ˆhQ dbv[v (zfvh)slv ubA dbvfiÙfv™si. kcdm
zfmfv lfn W vnCt. zfdm skfmfv bfm svsJdY `zft-mckfWqfdÄt' (zfïfrv Wiv
dbHGvwDt). dkdb v™P W jsEfv bb. rfse-hfufsv ³r-ùsïfVjfvDW bb. dkdb m¦lsj
m¦l äfvf iadkrk jsvb bf. hvQ dkdb [mf W mfuGbf j'sv slb. zfïfr k]fv jJsbfƒ
dksvfLfb Oefshb bf, pk[B bf dkdb k]fv äfvf h]fjf (jfsIv) n©ialfqsj snfuf
jsvsYb kKf kfvf `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' hstsY ˆhQ k]fv äfvf hù zá y[c, hdLv jBG W
hÝ r™lqsj …¦mcÙÁ jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 2125, 4838bQ)
dkdb `bfdhqcAv vfrmfr'. sjfb sjfb hBGbf msk `bfdhqcAt mfvrfmfr'. zhwA …Hsqv
zKG ˆjƒ. dkdb dYstb dhw¶hfnDv ubA vrmk W jv¢Bf. hvQ ið-i[D W …dßslv
ubAW vrmk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O 4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)
dkdb lqfv bhD. djqfmskv mfsE njt bhD htshb, `bfInD-bfInD.' zfv zfmfslv
lqfv bhD htshb, `…©mfkD-…©mfkD.' dkdb sofbfrofv …©mskv ubA ncifdvw
jvshb ˆhQ njt bhDv …©mskv ubAW ncifdvw jvshb. ncifdvw jvshb sjfb
sjfb …©mkDv shsrswXsk mpGflf hLGb jvfv ubA. (zfsvf û} `k]fv lqfûGkf' dhNqj
dwsvfbfm.)

bfdhqcAt mftrfmfr
57
`mftrfmfr' mfsb pcÝ. mrfbhD pcsÝv bhD dYstb. sjht dkdbƒ bb, k]fv iCshGW
hù bhD pcÝ jsvsYb. dj§Â k]fv mskf spfÝf sj… dYstb bf. k]fv mskf pcÝ zbA sj…
jsvbdb. hvQ k]fv …©mskv msLA durfl djqfmk ipG§À ytsh. snƒ durfl, sp
durfslv msLA …©mfrv iafB zfsY.
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj nvfndv pcsÝv zfslw dlsq hstsYb,
/ b!‫( א‬٧٣) {•
1#
3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:•^4 /3 ‫و‬: 1HSBX: L
: H4 \1 ‫א‬:‫‚ْو‬8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 4 5 : ·ْ K ©ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬: n3 3 S:'1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬: Y> JK !ْ ‫ א‬3&\3 L
: 2R3SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
zKGf{, sr bhD! kcdm jfsIv W mcbfdIj¶slv dhv¢sÝ durfl jv ˆhQ kfslv iadk
jsEfv rW. kfslv hfn²¿fb rsh ufrfâfm ˆhQ kf jk dbjxó dEjfbf. (kfWhfr } 73,
kfrvDm } 9)
zfv dkdb hstsYb,
"5 5 #
B !‫' א א‬1 n3 V1 ‫و‬: 3*>!‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : ‫א‬Q&'B +
: 81 B‫ن‬5‫و‬: 1*> !‫@>! א‬A :*!5 @A !5 ‫ن‬4 5 ‫وא‬1&X: f4 V: bBO
: ‫س‬
: SB!‫ א‬: I3 65 K ‫ن‬4 5 1U4 83 K )
.(3*> !‫ א‬5 : H4 X1 /1 : O3 ‫و‬: @‫ م‬5 4 @‘!ْ ‫ א‬MZ+
: /3 !>A@ H4 X1 !5 ‫א‬: 84 5 ‫و‬: H4 \1 : 8: 3‫ د‬RMS83 ‫' א‬1 #
: : 5h!3:‫ א ذ‬K : 5 ) ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 "5 P5 TB !‫ א א‬I1—4 V1 ‫و‬:
ªmfbcsNv dhv¢sÝ kk[B nQoafm jvfv ubA zfdm zfdló rsqdY, pk[B ipG§À bf
kfvf ˆƒ nf[A slsh sp, zfïfr hAkDk sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ mcrf©mfl zfïfrv
vnCt. zfv bfmfp jfsqm jvsh W (Lsbv) pfjfk zflfq jvsh. pJb kfvf ˆÈdt
hf²Àhfqb jvsh, kJb ƒntfmD rj (zKGl× ƒkAfdl) YfVf kfvf dbsuslv ufb-mft
zfmfv dbje rsk ncvd[k j'sv sbsh. zfv (z§Àsvv oHDsv jcIvD hf ifi tcjfsbf
Kfjst) kfslv drnfh zfïfrv dp©mfq.« (hcJfvD 25, mcndtm 133bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
1 “: #
B !‫א‬:‫ و‬K !> MW!‫ א‬: 3 L
1 ‫و‬: R3+84 1 M l3 :9+ 4 I: R36‫ز‬4 @ : 3 L 1 ‫و‬: 1*!5 5hV@ : !5 1*> !‫ א‬:&:4 V1 bBO : 3}4 B ! /3 19„4 3 /1)
.(3H4 X1 S4 83 : X1 5 ‫ ٍم‬4 n5 /3 :*Bf: I: 74 8: ‫و‬: c@ 84 5 :}!5 ; : 74 8: 5 :
zKGf{, zfdm (djqfmskv iCshG) kvhfdv-nr siadvk rsqdY, pfsk wvDjdhrDbHfsh
zfïfrv ƒhflk rq. zfmfv uDdhjf vfJf rsqsY zfmfv hwGfv Yfqfkst. zimfb W
tfÒbf vfJf rsqsY zfmfv zfslswv dhsvfLDslv ubA. zfv sp hAdÙÁ sp ufdkv nflxwA
zhtìb jvsh, sn kfslvƒ ltHcÙÁ. (zfrmfl 5114, ðzfhct mfb 98, n} ufsm' 2831bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(@]/4 BW! /3 H4 JK b1^4 L
3 &4 n5 !5 3•3&: /3 N&'B +: 81 1•Yْ : c3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬8: 5 • ٍ V4 : 6K : f: 4 8: V: )
zKGf{, sr jcvfƒw lt! (swfsbf,) k]fv wiK, p]fv rfsk mcrf©mfslv iafB zfsY! dbÇyq
zfdm skfmfslv dbje pshr-nr zfomb jsvdY.
snsrkc dkdb nwvDsv zQw oarB jsv zKhf bf jsv hù pcÝ idvyftbf jsvsYb.
dkdb sjfb sjfb pcsÝ vÙÁfÙÁ rsqsYb.
…ùl pcsÝ dkdb sjht ˆjub vÙÁdiqfnD jfsIvsj rkAf jsvdYstb.
ˆ nsÙ¶W dkdb `bfdhqcAv vfrmfr' jDHfsh rstb? ˆv uhfh dhdHâ ²¿st …sïJ jvf
rsqsY.
k]fv durfl dYt h]fyfv ubA. k]fv durfl dYt zfïfrv pmDsb zfïfrvƒ ƒhflsk
 58
kfWrDl iadkôfv ubA. zfv kf dYt ˆj iajfv zs²Ãfiyfsvv mskf. dydj{nj svfoDv
slsr z²Ã iasqfo jsv svfoDv iadk jv¢Bfƒ jsv Kfsjb. snƒ jfefjfdesj hfrAk}
rkAfyfv msb rstW zfnst kf nkAfyfv.
iChhG kGD bhDslv …©mskvf bhDv mc'dupf W iamfBfdl zmfbA jvst mrfb zfïfr
kfslvsj nmCst L¶Qn jsvsYb. kfv kctbfq wÛ¢vslv dhv¢sÝ zfmfslv bhD -ˆv
durfl jv¢Bf bq skf jD? spsrkc durfsl skf zhdwókf zfsY, dj§Â zfm zfpfsh sjfb
zhdwókf sbƒ.
khcW k]fv durfsl mfbcN Jcb dYt bf, k]fv …sÜwA dYt, mfbcN hfdkt sKsj rsj dIsv
zfncj. bsy{ kfsqIhfnDslvsj lcƒ ifrfsVv mfsU dió jsv nmCst L¶Qn jsv dlskb.
nckvfQ dkdb hstdYstb, ªhvQ zfwf jdv, kfslv ixô sKsj zfïfr ˆmb ufdkv …ßh
Oefshb, pfvf ˆj zfïfrv ƒhflk jvsh ˆhQ k]fv nfsK jf…sj wvDj jvsh bf.«
(hcJfvD 3231, mcndtm 4754bQ)
h]fyfv ubA p]fvf pcÝ jsvb, k]fvf mfvf sostW zmv Kfsjb. jdh hstsYb,
ª…lsqv isK ðdb jfv hfBD,
`Hq bfƒ, Wsv Hq bfƒ-
db}swsN iafB sp jdvsh lfb
[q bfƒ kfv [q bfƒ.«
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfïfr sn hAdÙÁv (v[Bfsh[sBv) lfqHfv oarB jsvb, sp
hAdÙÁ kf]v vf²Àfq shv rq. (zfïfr hstb,) `zfmfv isK durfl jvfv ±ixrf, zfmfv
iadk dhw¶fn, zfmfv iqoìvslvsj nkAÎfbƒ kfsj (öoxr sKsj) shv jsv. zfdm kfv
ˆƒ lfdqk¶ dbƒ sp, rq kfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfh, bf rq kfsj sbjD hf obDmskv
n©il dlsq kfv snƒ hfdVv dlsj dIdvsq slh, sp hfdV sKsj sn shv rsqdYt.' snƒ
mrfb nÙfv wiK, pf]v rfsk mcrf©mfslv iafB zfsY! zfïfrv isK slsr sp sjfb pJm
si]ZsY, djqfmskv dlsb kf dEj ˆƒ zh²¿fq zfomb jvsh sp, spb zfuƒ pJm rsqsY.
(efejf pJm W vÙÁ Uvsh.) kfv vQ skf vsÙÁv vQ rsh, dj§Â kfv oá rsh j²ÂvDv mk.
snƒ mrfb nÙfv jnm, p]fv rfsk mcrf©mfslv uDhb zfsY! pdl mcndtmslv ubA jsóv
zfwQjf bf jvkfm, kfrst zfdm jJsbf ˆmb mcufdrl hfdrbDv diYsb hsn Kfjkfm bf,
pfvf zfïfrv isK durfl jsv. dj§Â zfmfv ˆ nÌdk sbƒ sp, zfdm kfslv njtsj
hfrb dlƒ ˆhQ kfslvW (njstv durfsl shv rWqfv) nÌdk sbƒ. zfv (zfdm yst
sost) zfmfv diYsb sKsj pfWqf kfslv ubA jójv rsh. snƒ mrfb nÙfv jnm, p]fv
rfsk mcrf©mfslv uDhb zfsY! zfmfv zf§Àdvj ƒ¤Yf sp, zfdm zfïfrv isK tVfƒ jdv
ˆhQ wrDl rƒ. zk}iv zfhfv (uDdhk rsq) tVfƒ jdv, icbvfq wfrflk hvB jdv.
zk}iv (icbuGDdhk rsq) pcÝ jdv ˆhQ icbvfq wrDl rsq pfƒ.« (hcJfvD djlqQw
2797bQ, mcndtm 4967bQ)

k]fv zbAfbA bfmfhtD

59
mrfbhD -ˆv nm²À bfmfhtD zKGshfLj. k]fv sjfb bfm zKGrDb sjht dhswNA bq.
nckvfQ k¶frf, ƒqfnDb k]fv bfm bq.
ƒhbct j¶fƒsqm (v}) hstsYb, `sp njt bfm vfJsk dbsNL jvf rq, kfv msLA jcvzfb W
kfv nCvfv bfsm mfbcsNv bfmjvB jvf; spmb k¶frf, ƒqfnDb, rf-mDm ƒkAfdl. ƒmfm mfstj
±ióHfshƒ `ƒqfnDb' bfm vfJf mjv™r hstsYb. ˆ jKf …sïJ jsvsYb ncrfƒtD.
i[f§Àsv bhD -ˆv bfmnmCsrv msLA `ƒqfnDb' W `k¶frf' hst sp bfm stfjmcsJ
iaydtk zfsY, kf nrDr bq. ˆ bfm sjfb nrDr, rfnfb hf mcvnft rflDsn zfsndb. sjfb
nfrfhD jkxjG sjfb zfNfvW hdBGk sbƒ. zfnst ˆÈdt `zfdtI-tfm-mDm', `rf-mDm',
`zfdtI-tfm-vf' ƒkAfdlv mskf (zfvhD ixKj ixKj) z[v-nmdó. (kcrIfkct mfWlCl 127ix})
p]fvf `ƒqfnDb' W `k¶frf'-sj k]fv bfm hst LfvBf jsvsYb, k]fvf n©Hhk} jcvzfbD
hfyb-HdÌ sKsj oarB jsvsYb. spsrkc `k¶f-rf'-ˆv isv bhD -sj nsìfLb jvf
rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٢) ‫ﺸﻘﹶﻰ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﺁ ﹶﻥ ِﻟ‬‫ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺮ‬
 ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋﹶﻠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺰﹾﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ ﹶﺃ‬‫( ﻣ‬١) ‫ﻃﻪ‬
ªk¶f-rf-. skfmfsj jó slWqfv ubA zfdm skfmfv iadk jcvzfb zhkDBG jdvdb.«
(k¶f-rf } 1-2)
k]fvf sHshsYb, `sr k¶frf! skfmfsj jó slWqfv ubA zfdm skfmfv iadk jcvzfb
zhkDBG jdvdb.'
spmb mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٣) ‫ﲔ‬
 ‫ﺳِﻠ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻦ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ ﹶﻟ ِﻤ‬
 ‫ﻧ‬‫( ِﺇ‬٢) ‫ﺤﻜِﻴ ِﻢ‬
 ‫ﺁ ِﻥ ﺍﹾﻟ‬‫ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺮ‬‫( ﻭ‬١) ‫ﻳﺲ‬
ªƒqf-nDb, ÎfboHG j¶vc zfsbv wiK! kcdm zhwAƒ siadvk (vnCt)slv z§ÀHÙ cG Á.«
(ƒqfnDb } 1-3)
k]fvf sHshsYb, `sr ƒqfnDb! ÎfboHG j¶cvzfsbv wiK! kcdm zhwAƒ siadvk
(vnCt)slv z§ÀHÙ Gc Á.'
dj§Â k]fslv ˆ Hfhbf ndEj bq. spsrkc zbcv™i nsìfLsbv wè zbAfbA dYâ z[svv
isvW ˆsnsY, zKy sn nhsj bhD -ˆv bfm hst …sïJ jvf rq bf. spmb,
(٢) ‫ﲔ‬  ‫ﺆ ِﻣِﻨ‬ ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻯ ِﻟ ﹾﻠ‬‫ﻭ ِﺫ ﹾﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺭ ِﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ ِﺬ‬‫ﻪ ِﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﺝ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺣﺮ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﺪ ِﺭ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
 ‫ﻦ ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫ﻳ ﹸﻜ‬ ‫ﻚ ﻓﹶﻼ‬  ‫ﻴ‬‫ﺏ ﺃﹸﻧ ِﺰ ﹶﻝ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫( ﻛِﺘ‬١) ‫ﺍﳌﺺ‬
ªzfdtI tf-m mD-m n¶f-l. skfmfv dbje djkfh zhkDBG jvf rsqsY; nckvfQ skfmfv
msb spb ˆv n©isjG sjfb iajfv nQjDBGkf bf Kfsj. pfsk kcdm ˆv äfvf nkjG jv
ˆhQ dhÇhfnDslv ubA ˆde …islw.« (zf'vfI } 1-2)
(١) ‫ﺤﻤِﻴ ِﺪ‬
 ‫ﻌﺰِﻳ ِﺰ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺍﹾﻟ‬ِ ‫ﺍ‬‫ﺻﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻢ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ‬ ‫ﺑ ِﻬ‬‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻨﻮ ِﺭ ِﺑﺈِ ﹾﺫ ِﻥ‬‫ﺕ ِﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﱡﻈﹸﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺱ ِﻣ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
 ‫ﺨ ِﺮ‬
 ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻚ ِﻟ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻩ ِﺇﹶﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺰﹾﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺃﹶﻧ‬
 ‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮ ِﻛﺘ‬
ªzfdtI tf-m vf. ˆƒ djkfh ˆef zfdm skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY; pfsk kcdm
mfbh ufdksj kfslv iadkiftsjv dbslGwÛÁsm zájfv rsk zfstfsjv dlsj;
ivfÛÁmwftD, nhGiwa Qdnskv isK shv jsv zfbsk ifv.« (ƒhafrDm } 1)
njstƒ htshb sp, `zfdtI-tfm-mDm-öfl' W `zfdtI-tfm-vf' mrfbhD -ˆv
sjfb bfm bq. spmb `bCb' dhdYâ wsèv isvW nsìfLsbv wè ˆsnsY, zKy `bCb' k]fv
bfm bq.
 60
zsbsj hstsYb, `ƒqf-nDb' mfsb `ƒqf nfdqAl' zKhf `ƒqf ƒbnfb' ˆhQ `k¶f-rf'
mfsb `ƒqf k¶fsrv ƒqf rflD'.
dj§Â sn nh jKfv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. zfv öjsiftjd¬ik LfvBf äfvf iamfB rq bf sp,
sn nh jf¬idbj †rA wè k]fv ˆj-ˆjef bfm.
zfv nCvfv ðv¢sk sp njt dhd¤Yâ zfvhD hBGnmdó zfsY, sn njstv mmG ˆjmfÛ
zfïfrƒ Hfstf ufsbb.
iajfw Kfsj sp, mrfbhD -ˆv bfm ufâfkDslv jfsY, dIdvwXkfv jfsY zbA ˆj,
zfdìqfv jfsY zbA ˆj---hst sp hBGbf bjt jvf rq, kf sjfb rflDn-oas§¿ sbƒ.

k]fv ³ldrj oEbfjxdk

mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ³ldrj oEbfjxdk dYt zdk nc¦lv. slsrv jfEfsmf dYt
swaô hDv icv¢sNv.
k]fv mfKf dYt hV zfjfsvv. (n} ufsm' 4819bQ)
k]fv mfKf efj-iVf rsk Û¢demcÙÁ dYt.
u]fjfstf jxò sjwlfm dYt k]fv m²Àsj. k]fv yct zdkdvÙÁ sj]fjVfsbf dYt bf.
zfhfv ˆsjhfsv snfuf JfVfW dYt bf. (hcJfvD 3547, 5906bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv mfKfv yctW iajdx kokHfsh nh Lvsbv dYt.
jJsbf dYt jfsbv zsLGj hvfhv tìf. (mcJkfnfv¢w wfmfƒdtt mcrf©mfdlqAfr 21bQ)
jJsbf dYt kfv sKsj shwD tìf; jfsbv tdk hvfhv. zfv zfvhDsk ˆsj
`zIvfr' htf rq.
jJsbf dYt kfv sKsjW shwD tìf; jfsbv dby hvfhv; jfb W j]fsLv mfU hvfhv.
ˆsj zfvhDsk `dt©mfr' htf rq. (zfhC lf†l 4186, ƒhsb mfufr 3634, ‰ 22bQ)
zfhfv jJsbf dYt kfv sKsjW shwD tìf j]fL hvfhv. zfvhDsk pfsj `uc©mfr'
htf rq. (‰ 3bQ)
jJsbf dkdb k]fv ‰ tìf ycst yfvde shdB so]sK dbskb. (‰ 23bQ)
dkdb mfKfq skt hAhrfv jvskb. (mcndtm 2344bQ)
dkdb mfKfv yctsj z]fysV ncdhbA²À jsv vfJskb.
dkdb htskb, ªpfv yct zfsY, sn spb kfv pk´ jsv.« (zfhC lf†l 4163bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb ˆj hAdÙÁv mfKfq zftcKftc yct slsJ htstb, ªˆv dj ˆmb djYcW
sbƒ sp, kfv äfvf mfKfv ˆstfsmstf yctÈstfsj snfuf jsv (z]fyXsV) sbq?!« (zfhC
lf†l 4062, bfnf„ 5236, zfrmfl 14436, dmwjfk 4351 bQ)
mrfbhD iaskAj dlb yct z]fyVfskb bf. hvQ mfsU mfsU ˆjdlb jsv hfl dlsq
z]fyVfskb. dkdb iakAr yct z]fyVfsk dbsNLW jsvsYb. (bfnf„ 5054, mcJkfnfv¢w
wfmfƒdtt mcrf©mfdlqAfr 28bQ)
dkdb dbsNL jsvsYb (shwD shwD skt-wAf©ic dlsq) ycstv dhtfdnkf jvsk. (zfhC
lf†l 4160bQ, bfnf„)
dkdb yct z]fyVfhfv nmq Ffb dlj sKsj ðv¢ jvskb. (‰ 27bQ)
61
dkdb k]fv mfKfv mfUJfsb dn]dK jvskb. (zfhC lf†l 4189, ƒhsb mfufr 3633bQ)
k]fv mfKfv 20de mskf yct nflf rsqdYt. (n} ufsm' 4818bQ)
…Nmfb dhb zfècïfr hstb, `zfdm (…©mct mc'dmbDb) …s©m nftfmfv dbje sost
dkdb bhD -ˆv djYc jti jvf yct shv jsv zfmfslvsj slJfstb. (hcJfvD 5897bQ)
k]fv ë™pcot dYt iv±iv nQpcÙÁ dyjb.
k]fv y[cpcot dYt Ffov. dkdb dYstb zfqkstfyb ncicv¢N. zdk nflfv …iv dbdhV
jfstf dYt k]fv syfsJv kfvf. syfsJv nflf zQsw dYt rfîf vdÙÁm zfHf. (n} ufsm'
4821bQ)
ncmfG ncswfdHk dYt k]fv y[c. (n} ufsm' 4633bQ)
k]fv y[c dYt lDOG itjdhdwó, k]fv y[ciïshv stfm dYt tìf. (n} ufsm' 4620,
4621, 4816bQ) stfsmv Fofq dYt hdËmkf. ncmfG hvB dYt k]fv zd[äq. (wfmfdqt
dkvdmpD 347bQ)
k]fv ttfe dYt iaw²À. k]fv jift …]yc dYt bf.
k]fv bfj dYt nc…âk.
k]fv oàslsw mfQsnv hfùtA dYt bf. dyhcj [cûfjfv dYt bf.
k]fv mcJ dYt iaw²À W Ffov. (n} ufsm' 4821bQ)
k]fv syrfvfv snZ¦lpG dYt nhfv yfƒsk shdw. (hcJfvD 3549, mcndtm 6212bQ)
k]fv dYt nmcÏt ¶ mcJmàt. tfhBAmq, zkA§À ncwDa W mfLcpGmdàk, softfjfv,
iCdBGmfv y]fslv mskf syrfvf, y¦ûhlb.
ufshv dhb nfmcvfr hstb, `zfdm ˆj iCdBGmfv vfsk bhD -sj slJtfm. zfdm k]fv
syrfvfv dlsj ˆhQ y]fslv dlsj kfdjsq slJsk tfotfm. k]fv ivsb dYt ˆj sufVf
tft jfiV. htf hfùtA, dkdb dYstb zfmfv dbje iCdBGmfv y]fl zsi[f shdw nc¦lv.'
(dkvdmpD 2811, lfsvmD, dmwjfk 5794bQ)
jf'h dhb mfstj hstb, `pJb dkdb JcwD rskb, kJb msb rskf k]fv syrfvf spb
y]fslv ˆjde ecjvf.' (hcJfvD 3556, mcndtm 7192bQ)
dkdb pJb svso spskb, kJb k]fv syrfvf tft rsq …Ek, (msb rskf) spb k]fv
syrfvfq shlfbfv lfbf dbQsV slWqf rsqsY. (dkvdmpD 2133, k¶fhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 135bQ)
k]fv mcJmàt kstfqfsvv mskf dYt bf. dYt y¦û-nCspGv mskf. (hcJfvD 3552, mcndtm
6230bQ)
k]fv lfdV mchfvj dYt Ob ndâshdwk. (n} ufsm' 4820, 4825bQ) zfv dkdb htskb,
ªiajdx kok ncâk rt 10de; smfy Y]fef, lfdV hfVfsbf, l]fkb jvf, bfsj ifdb sbWqf
(bfj idv°jfv jvf), bJ jfef, zfÌct sLfqf, shfostv stfm kcst idv°jfv jvf, bfdHv
bDsyv stfm sy]sY nfI jvf, ianfa h-ifqJfbfv iv ifdb hAhrfv jvf ˆhQ jcdï jvf.«
(mcndtm 261bQ)
ªskfmvf lfdV sYsV lfW, smfy sY]se sIstf, ifjf yct vdMsq sIstf ˆhQ ƒqfùlD W
dJa±efbslv nflxwA zhtìb jsvf bf.« (zfrmfl, nrDùt ufsm' 1067bQ)
ªskfmvf smfy sY]se W lfdV svsJ zdo´iCujslv ShivDkA jv.« (mcndtm 260 bQ)
i[f§Àsv dkdb lfdV sY]sesYb---ˆ jKfv sjfb nrDr iamfB sbƒ.
 62
mxkAc ipG§À k]fv yct W lfdV mchfvj skmb nflf rqdb. sjht uctdIv djYc yct nflf
rsqdYt ˆhQ mfKfvW djYc djYc. zLsvv dbsyv zQsw djYc lfdV nflf rsqdYt.
dkdb k]fv lfdV mchfvjsj znGX W ufIvfb dlsq (rtcl vsM) vdMsq vfJskb. (zfhC
lf†l 4210, bfnf„ 5244bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, ªƒqfùlD W dJa±efbvf ifjf yct-lfdV vMfq bf, skfmvf (kf vdMsq)
kfslv dhsvfdLkf jv.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, ncbfsb zfvhfzfr, nrDùt ufsm' 1998bQ)
zhwA dkdb jtsi jfstf vM hAhrfv jvsk dbsNL jvskb. (mcndtm 5631bQ)
k]fv smfY dYt Y]fef, dkdb smfY sY]se sItsk zfslw jsvsYb. zfbfn hstb,
`smfy Y]fef, bJ jfef, bfdHv dbsyv stfm y]fYf ˆhQ shfostv stfm kcst sItfv hAfifsv
zfmfslvsj nmq sh]sL slWqf rsqsY; pfsk zfmvf sn nh ydïw dlsbv shwD sYsV bf
vfdJ.' (mcndtm 258bQ)
k]fv jØöv dYt ofýDpGmdàk .
k]fv oaDhf dYt lDOG W nc…âk.
dkdb ²¿Cstflv mfbcN dYstb bf.
hs[flv stfmwCbA dYt. h[ sKsj bfdH ipG§À ˆjef nv¢ stfm-svJf dYt. (zfrmfl
684, dkvdmpD 3638bQ)
k]fv h[²¿t dYt iaw²À.
k]fv hs[ nDbfyfsjv lfo dYt. ³wwsh lcLmfkf rftDmfv Osv zh²¿fbjfst duhvDt
k]fsj dy{Hfsh ðƒsq k]fv h[ dhlfvB jsvb. r™{dià shv jsv snfbfv didvsy
svsJ kfv zðH zQw shv jsv pmpsmv ifdb äfvf sLZk jsv icbvfq pKf²¿fsb svsJ
dntfƒ jsv slb. zfbfn hstb, `zfdm k]fv hcsj dntfƒsqv dyrÁ slJkfm.' (mcndtm
431bQ)
zbcv™i dm'vfsuv vfsÛ ƒnvf omsbv zfso k]fv zfvW ˆjhfv nDbfyfj rq. sn nmq
k]fv r™lqsj „mfb W drjmk äfvf idviCBG jvf rq. (hcJfvD 7517bQ)
zbcv™i bhczk iafdåv iCshG ˆjhfv k]fv h[ dhlfvB jvf rq. (IfkùthfvD
11/216) zsbsj hstb, k]fv lw hYv hqsnW ˆjhfv nDbfyfj rq. zfv zfïfrƒ
Hfstf ufsbb.
ˆ dYt mrfbhD -ˆv ˆj mc'dupf. nckvfQ zstZdjj Oebfsj znýh hst zöDjfv
jvf mc'dmsbv jfu bq.
k]fv disEv …idvHfo W ndámCtnmCsrv rfdÖ dYt smfef. sufsVv rfVÈdt dYt HfvD
HfvD. (zfrmfl 684, dkvdmpD 3638bQ)
k]fv …Hq õsáv msLA lCvk¶ dYt. (n} ufsm' 4816bQ)
k]fv ixôslsw …Hq õsáv mLAHfso dYt bhczskv smfrv. tfthsBGv …]yc mfQn.
(dkvdmpD 3644bQ) snefv vM k]fv slsrv vM sKsj ixKj dYt bf. ˆv zfjfv-zfjxdk
dYt shfkfm zKhf jhcksvv dFsmv mskf ˆhQ kf dYt hfm j]fsLv dbsy (dEj r™{disàv
dhivDsk). kfv …iv dYt ˆj ȤY dkstv nmfrfv. (hcJfvD 3541, mcndtm 6230, 6234bQ)
sj… hstsYb, hflfm hf jtfƒsqv mskf. (ƒhsb drêfb 6302bQ)
sj… hstsYb, ([cû) zfsistv mskf. (zfrmfl 17493, dkvdmpD 3620bQ)
63
htf rq, k]fv ˆƒ smfrv us¦mv nmq slWqf rq. zsbsjv msk smfrv dbsqƒ k]fv
u¦m rq. zsbsjv msk nDbfyfsjv nmq slWqf rq. (Ifkùt hfvD 10/349)
k]fv dYt UjUsj ofÛhBG, k]fv slsrv vM dYt soZvhBG, tft W wAfmhsBGv dmdwak vM,
lcsL-zftkf-sOftf vM.
dkdb shmfbfb lDOGjfq djQhf raöjfq dYstb bf. dkdb dYstb ˆ lcƒsqv mfUfmfdU
zkA§À mfbfbnƒ mLAmslrD icv¢N, mfUfdv oVsbv. bf smfef, bf ifktf. (n} ufsm'
4622bQ)
k]fv vM dYt nflf, spb dkdb v™ifv ³kdv. (n} ufsm' 4619bQ)
k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth hstdYstb,
8‫' !¸ א‬# 8 b !‫ ل א‬¹ * *XL / ‫ א!“' م‬n b V m / ‫و‬
zKGf{, dkdb soZvhBG, k]fv syrfvf äfvf hxdó iafKGbf jvf rsq Kfsj. dkdb zbfKslv
zfwaq²¿t ˆhQ dhLhfslv v[Bfsh[BjfvD. (hcJfvD 1008-1009bQ)
slr sKsj yflv nvfst msb rskf, spb v™ifv mCdkG. (‰ 4633bQ)
ksh sn vM J]fde nflf dYt bf. (‰ 4813bQ)
snƒ nflfv nfsK tft vMW dmdwak dYt. (n} ufsm' 4620bQ)
…s©m mf'hfl JcpfqDv hBGbfmsk,
.‫א‬Q &4 6 HXS O ‫ و‬،ً‫ א‬ƒS8 ‰ „!‫ א‬: 4 X ،74 S:#
4 ©K / 74#©K
zKGf{, lc'de Ffstv mfsU ˆjde Fft (dkdb). dkdbƒ dkbsev msLA nhsysq shdw
nuDh lxwAmfb ˆhQ dksbv msLA nhsysq shdw mpGflfhfb. (pflct mfzfl 3/50)
zbA lcde Fft sKsj …sÜwA druvknÌD zfhC hfjXv W ƒhsb …vfƒdj¶k.
mrfbhD Jch shdw Ofmskb. (n} ufsm' 4824bQ)
k]fv slsrv nmcÏt ¶ snZ¦lspGv …iv pJb k]fv OmGdh¦lc umf rskf, kJb kf slsJ msb
rskf mdBmcÙÁf. (n} ufsm' 4798bQ)
k]fv snƒ Ofm dwdwsk Hsv vfJf rskf ˆhQ nmsq kf ncodá W WNcLv™si hAhrfv jvf
rskf.
ˆjlf dkdb …s©m nctfƒm (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v Osv ˆsn ðsq Ocdmsq sostb. dkdb
Osv dYstb bf. dkdb ˆst k]fsj htf rt, `bhD skfmfv Osv ˆsn skfmfv dhYfbfq
Ocdmsq isVsYb.' dkdb OmGfÙÁ rst k]fv Ofm dhYfbfv yfmVfv …iv
usm …sEdYt. …s©m nctfƒm k]fv dn¦lcj Jcst dwdw shv jvstb. zk}iv snƒ Ofm
(jfiVJà äfvf swfNB j'sv kf) dbQsV dwdwsk vfJsk tfostb. bhD
zj±mf{ OfhsV …Estb. k]fsj duÎfnf jvstb, `jD jvY …s©m nctfƒm?' htstb,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! (zfibfv Ofm. zfmfslv ncodásk dmdwsq slh. kf rsh swaô ncodá.)
zfv kfsk zfmfslv dwðslv ubA hjGskv zfwf jvh.' dkdb htstb, ªdEj zfsY.«
(mcndtm 6201-6202bQ)
k]fv mchfvj slr dYt ncoámq. k]fv slrdb}nxk Ofm dYt nhGswaô zfkv. (mcndtm
6201bQ)
dkdb zfomb jvst k]fv snZvsHƒ sybf W ufbf spk, dkdb zfnsYb. (nrDùt ufsm'
 64
4988bQ)
zfbfn hstb, `vfnCtïc fr -ˆv jvkt zsi[f zdLjkv sjfmt sjfb icv¢ hf
ifktf svwm zfdm ±iwG jdvdb. zfv kf]v wvDsvv ncoá zsi[f zdLjkv ncoá sjfb
h²Â zfdm jJsbf ð]djdb.' (hcJfvD 1973, mcndtm 6200bQ)
ufshv dhb nfmcvfr hstb, `dkdb zfmfv ofstv …iv rfk hctfstb. zfdm k]fv
rfsk ˆmb wDktkf zKhf ncodá zbcHh jvtfm, spb dkdb (nshmfÛ) k]fv rfksj
zfksvv hfÆ sKsj shv jsvsYb.' (mcndtm 6197bQ)
k]fv r²Àäq dYt HfvD W mfQnt. (n} ufsm' 4819bQ) k]fv rfskv skstf hf sysef
dYt iaw²À. (hcJfvD 5907bQ)
kfW dYt mfQnt. (zfrmfl 684, dkvdmpD 3638bQ)
zfbfn hstb, `vfnCtïc fr -ˆv jvkt zsi[f zdLjkv sjfmt sjfb icv¢ hf
ifktf svwm zfdm ±iwG jdvdb. zfv kf]v wvDsvv ncoá zsi[f zdLjkv ncoá sjfb
h²Â zfdm jJsbf ð]djdb.' (hcJfvD 1973, mcndtm 6200bQ)
zfhC ucrfƒIf hstb, `stfsjvf k]fv rfk dbsq dbsuslv syrfvfv …iv hctfk.
zfdmW k]fv rfk dbsq zfmfv syrfvfv …iv vfJtfm; zbcHh jvtfm, kf hvI zsi[f
shdw Efàf ˆhQ j²ÂvD zsi[f shdw ncoámq.' (hcJfvD 3553bQ)
ufshv dhb nfmcvfr hstb, `dkdb zfmfv ofstv …iv rfk hctfstb. zfdm k]fv
rfsk ˆmb wDktkf zKhf ncodá zbcHh jvtfm, spb dkdb (nshmfÛ) k]fv rfksj
zfksvv hfÆ sKsj shv jsvsYb.' (mcndtm 6197bQ)
k]fv rfskv vtf lcde dYt tìf tìf. (hfƒrfj¶D, n} ufsm' 4816bQ)
zfïfrv bhD zfÌcst zfQde hAhrfv jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 5874, mcndtm 2092bQ iamcJ)
k]fv zfQde dYt svZiAdbdmGk. (mcJkfnfv¢w wfmfdqdtt mcrf©mfdlqfr 73bQ) kfsk zdËk dYt `mcrf©mflcv
vfnCtïc fr'. zhwA sn zfQde dkdb wDtsmfrv öv™i hAhrfv jvskb. (‰ 74bQ)
dkdb Ffb rfsk zfQde hAhrfv jvskb. (‰ 77-81bQ)
‰ zfQde dkdb zbfdmjf (jdbôf hf jsV zfÌcstv ifswv) zfÌcst ivskb. (hcJfvD
5874, mcndtm 2092bQ) dkdb mLAmf W kuGbD zfÌcst zfQde ivsk dbsNL jvskb.
(mcndtm 2078, zfhC lf†l 4225bQ)
mrfbhD jJsbf jJsbf hfm rfsk zfQde isvsYb. (mcndtm, zfhC lf†l, nrDùt ufsm' 4899bQ)
dkdb zfQdev si½sev dljef rfskv skstfv dlsj dIdvsq vfJskb. (n} ufsm' 4911bQ)
sn zfQde k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv iv zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj zk}iv …mfv Ifv™j
zk}iv …Nmfb dhb zfIXIfb hAhrfv jsvsYb. zk}iv kf k]fv rfk rsk mlDbfv
`zfvDn' jcqfsk isV pfq.
dkdb ösBGv zfQde ivsk dbsNL jvskb. ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv
vnCt ˆj hAdÙÁv rfsk snfbfv zfQde slJstb. dkdb kfv rfk rsk kf Jcst Ycs] V
sIst dlstb ˆhQ htstb, ªskfmfslv sj… dj ƒ¤Yfjxk slfpsJv zfÌfvsj rfsk dbsq
hAhrfv jsv?«
zk}iv bhD yst sost stfjdesj htf rt, `skfmfv zfQdeef jcdVsq dbsq zbA
65
jfsu tfofW. (zKhf kf dhÛÁq jsv mCtAef jfsu tfofW.)' dj§Â stfjde htt,
`zfïfrv jnm! zfdm zfv j[sbf kf oarB jvh bf, pf zfïfrv vnCt Ycs] V sIst
dlsqsYb.« (mcndtm 2090bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
.( Q\: :‫! ذ‬5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q V@ O
: • 4 :ْ V: 5 5 @ ; 3 vْ!‫م@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> ! /3 1783 —4 V1 :‫ ن‬P5 74 8: )
zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W swN-dlhsn dhw¶fn vfsJ, sn spb svwmh²Ã W öBG idvLfb bf
jsv. (zfrmfl 22248bQ)
74 83 : V@ +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:•3 !5 74 8: ‫و‬: ،3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬:d\: :‫ ذ‬3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ א‬:‫م‬B O
: 1*1 :ْ V: : \1 ‫و‬: :U ': 5 R3b8B K 74 83 :d\: BW!‫ א‬:•3 !5 74 8: )
.(3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬: V@ O
: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ א‬:‫م‬B O
: 1*1 :ْ V: : \1 ‫و‬: :U ': 5 R3b8B K
zKGf{, zfmfv …©mskv msLA sp (icv¢N) hAdÙÁ öBG idvLfb jvsh zk}iv kf idvLfb
zh²¿fq mfvf pfsh, sn hAdÙÁv …iv zfïfr shsrwXskv öBG rfvfm jsv slshb. zfv
zfmfv …©mskv msLA sp (icv¢N) hAdÙÁ svwmh²Ã idvLfb jvsh zk}iv kf idvLfb
zh²¿fq mfvf pfsh, sn hAdÙÁv …iv zfïfr shsrwXskv svwmh²Ã rfvfm jsv slshb. (‰
6556bQ)
mrfbhD stfrfv zfQdeW hAhrfv jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (hfƒrfj¶D, dntdntfr nrDrfr
1242bQ)
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv dbje ˆt. kfv rfsk dYt snfbfv zfQde. kf slsJ
dkdb kfv dbje sKsj mcJ dIdvsq dbstb. stfjde k]fv ziYs¦lv jKf hcUsk sisv
dIsv dosq snde Jcst sIst ˆjde stfrfv zfQde isv ˆt. bhD kf slsJ htstb,
ªˆde skf zfsvf Jfvfi. ˆde skf ufrfâfmhfnDslv ztQjfv!« ˆ jKf ðsb stfjde
dIsv sot ˆhQ sndesjW Jcst sIst ˆjde y]fdlv zfQde zfÌcst dbt. kf slsJ bhD
bDvh Kfjstb. (zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 1021bQ)
ˆJfsb ÎfkhA sp, dhhfsrv smfrsvv ubA ˆj nfrfhDsj k]fv stfrfv zfQde J]cusk
htf kf hAhrfv ³hL rWqfv ltDt bq. (Ifkùt hfvD 10/266, zflfhcp dpIfI, zfthfbD û})
k]fv ilpcot dYt shw HfvD. (n} ufsm' 4819bQ)
ifsqv ifkf dYt mfQnt. (zfrmfl 684, dkvdmpD 3638bQ)
dj§Â k]fv ifsqv sofVfdt dYt ifktf. kfsk shdw mfQn dYt bf. (n} ufsm' 4821bQ)
k]fv ilkt nmkt dYt. kfsk sjfb Jft dYt bf. ils[si k]fv icsvf ilktefƒ
mfde ±iwG jvk. (n} ufsm' 4633bQ)
mrfbhD dYstb nhGfÌnc¦lv icv¢N. k]fv zÌsnZôh dYt dbJ]ck. nfrfhD jdh rfnXnfb
dhb nfshk hstsYb,
fI 'P 9n ; h ‚P d P 7 ً ¡8 9n3; 1
S!‫ & א‬I º hS8 7 O ‫و‬ •6 I º hS8 ) ‫و‬
zKGf{, zfidb iaskAj Û¢de sKsj idhÛv™si nxdó rsqsYb. spb zfidb dbsuv
ƒ¤Yfmk v™i dbsq nxdó rsqsYb.
zfibfv sKsj zdLj nc¦lv sjfb y[c lwGb jsvdb. zfv zfibfv sKsj
 66
zdLj …Ùm (n§Àfb) bfvDvf u¦m slqdb.

k]fv ³lbd¦lb uDhb

k]fv ianfLb
ª…Ùm zflwG, …Ùm shwHCNf ˆhQ dmkfyfdvkf bhcWskv 25 zQswv zbAkm
zQw.« (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, nrDùt ufsm' 1993bQ)
slsrv idhÛkf, idv¤Yâkf W nfunÏfv sJqft vfJf ³hdwóAiCBG mfbcsNv zfyvB.
zfmfslv mrfbhD sn dhNsq …Ùm bmcbf dYstb. dkdb hstsYb, ªlwde jfu
iajdx kok zfyvB; (1) so]fI sY]se sItf. (2) lfdV hfVfsbf. (3) lf]kb jvf. (4)
bfsj ifdb dlsq bfj idv®jfv jvf. (5) bJ jfef. (6) zfÌcstv sufVnmCr sLfqf. (7)
hostv stfm kcst sItf. (8) ÈåfsÌv stfm idv®jfv jvf. (9) ifdb äfvf ƒs²ÀÓf
(swZyjmG) jvf. (10) jcdï jvf. (mcndtm 627bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.« 3$@ fB !‫ א‬2˜65 ‫و‬: •3 /4@z‫ א‬1}b4:‫و‬: @ Y5 lْ 5 ‫ א‬1H 3nْ I:‫و‬: 1‫אد‬:&+
4 b3 4 3?‫א‬:‫ و‬1‫ ن‬b:ž
3 !ْ ‫ א‬: "3 : Œْ Y3 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 •
< '4 ;
: »
ªiajdx kok zfyvB (bhDosBv kvDjf) if]yde zKhf if]yde jfu iajdx kok zfyvB,
(1) JfkXbf (dtÌk¶j sYlb) jvf. (2) tÏf²¿fsbv stfm sjse idv®jfv jvf. (3) bJ
jfef. (4) hostv stfm dY]sV sItf. (5) so]fI sY]se sItf.« (hcJfvD 5889, mcndtm 620)
vfnCtïc fr pJb Ocm sKsj …Eskb, kJb dkdb lf]kb dlsq lf]k smsu dbskb.'
(hcJfvD 245, mcndtm 616bQ)
ðvfƒr ƒhsb rfdb hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj duÎfnf
jvtfm, `bhD dbu hfdVsk iashw j'sv nhGiaKm jD jfu jvskb?' dkdb htstb,
`lf]kb jvskb.' (mcndtm 613bQ)
mrfbhD mfKfv ycst skt tfofskb. (dn} nrDrfr 3004bQ)
ucmzfv dlsb ucmzfr iVsk pfWqfv zfso dhswNHfsh nfunÏf jvfv kfjDl
jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
3*b3 4 /: 3d ¦3 74 83 2•': V: ‫و‬4 5 3*S3 \4 1‫ د‬74 83 17\3 B&V: ‫و‬: ٍ X4 ¦K 74 83 :‫ ع‬Œ5 b:4 ‫ א‬8: 1 XB Œ5 b:V: ‫و‬: 3 : '1 ~
1 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: < L
1 : 1 3 b:“4 V: 5?)
:74 /:‫و‬: 1*S:4 /: 8: 1*!5 : Y3 ©K !> @A 1‫ م‬8: @‘!ْ ‫ א‬:H> J5 I: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A 19#
3 S4 V1 BH‰1 1*!5 :db3 PK 8: Rq #
: V1 BH‰1 @74 S:‰4 ‫ א‬:74 /: 1‫ق‬M Y5 V1 5 5 1‫ج‬1 ž
4 V: BH‰1
.(x: ;
4 K‚!ْ ‫ א‬3 : '1 ~
1 !ْ ‫א‬
ªsp hAdÙÁ ucmzfv dlsb sofnt jsv, pKfnýh idhÛkf zuGb jsv, skt hAhrfv
jsv zKhf Osvv ncodá dbsq tfofq. zk}iv ucmzfv …sÜswA hfdV sKsj shv rsq
mndusl iashw jsv lc'usbv msLA ixKj jsv bf. kfviv kfv HfsoA pkef stJf rsqsY,
kkef bfmfp zflfq jsv, kfviv pJb ƒmfm Jc{hf slq kJb sn yci Kfsj, kfrst kfv
ubA ˆj ucmzfr sKsj zbA ucmzfr ipG§À jxk ifivfdw [mf j'sv slWqf rq.«
(zfrmfl, hcJfvD 883bQ)
dkdb ifjf yctsj jfstf YfVf zbA vM dlsq vdMsq dbskb. (zfhC lf†l 4210, bfnf„
67
5244, dmwjfk 4453bQ)
dkdb htskb, ªskfmvf lfdV sYsV lfW, smfY sY]se sIstf, ifjf yct vdMsq sIstf
ˆhQ ƒqfùlD W dJa±efbslv nflxwA zhtìb jsvf bf.« (zfrmfl, nrDùt ufsm' 1067 bQ)
ªƒqfùlD W dJa±efbvf ifjf yct-lfdV vMfq bf, skfmvf (kf vdMsq) kfslv dhsvfdLkf
jv.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, ncbfsb zfvhfzfr, nrDùt ufsm' 1998bQ)
dkdb ncoá jfsEv sL]fqf äfvf dbsuv sthfn-sifwfj ncodák jvskb. kfsk sbA sjfb
ncodá dmdwak jvskb bf. jJsbf hf kfv …iv jiGCv YdVsq dlskb. (nrDùt ufsm' 4948bQ)
ˆmdbsk k]fv mchfvj slr dYt ncoámq. k]fv slrdb}nxk Ofm dYt swaô zfkv.
(mcndtm 6201bQ)
dkdb zfomb jvst snZvsHƒ sybf W ufbf spk, dkdb zfnsYb. (nrDùt ufsm'
4988bQ)
iv§Â dkdb dbsuv jfY sKsj sjfb lcoGá ifWqf pfq, ˆef zfslZ iY¦l jvskb bf.
(nrDùt ufsm' 4955bQ)
dkdb rÏ jvsk dosq ƒrvfsmv iCshGW mfKfq sJfwhC hAhrfv jvskb. (hcJfvD 1540bQ)

k]fv sthfn-sifwfj
mrfb zfïfr sthfn-sifwfj dlsq mfbcNsj ncnHA ufdkv™si ixdKhDsk siavB jsvsYb.
sn sthfnsj nc¦lv W idhÛ jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
{: 3 @ 4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 5? 1*B@A ْ‫ א‬K @ 4 I1 5?‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬/1: 4 ‫א‬:‫ אْ و‬K PK ‫ و‬N&~
3 4 8: M PK :&S3 H4 JK b:S:V@‫وאْ ز‬1W;
1 :‫م‬:‫د‬- R3S/: V: }
zKGf{, sr zflsmv hQwLvoB! skfmvf iaskAj bfmfspv nmq nc¦lv idv¤Yl idvLfb
jv. ifbfrfv jv, dj§Â ziyq jsvf bf. dbÇyq dkdb ziyqjfvDslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf.
(zf'vfI } 31)
nHA sthfn-sifwfj ncnHA ufdkv idvyq. mrfbhD hstb, ª…Ùm zflwG, …Ùm
shwHCNf ˆhQ dmkfyfdvkf bhcWskv 25 zQswv zbAkm zQw.« (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l,
nrDùt ufsm' 1993bQ)
zhwA kfsk mLAhkGD i§¿f zhtìb jvf hfÒbDq. dhtfnhùt sthfn-sifwfjW
ƒntfsm iY¦lbDq bq. sthfsn-sifwfsj nflf-dnsL Kfjf „mfsbv idvyfqj. (zfhC lf†l,
dmwjfk 4345bQ)
sthfn-sifwfj ˆmb rWqf zhfÒbDq, pf idvLfb j'sv mfbcsNv msb zrQjfv nxdó
rsk ifsv. ˆ ubAƒ ƒntfsmv dhLfb rt,
.(N 5 ž
3 8: !5 ‫و‬: N ‫א‬: 4 @A @ 4 ©5 R3 ‫ א‬1 :!ْ ‫א‬:‫ א و‬6K B&#
: I:‫و‬: ‫ א‬/1: 4 ‫א‬:‫ א و‬K PK )
zKGf{, skfmvf JfW, ifb jv, lfb jv W idvLfb jv; ksh kfsk spb ziyq W
zrQjfv bf Kfsj, (hcJfvD, zfrmfl 6695, bfnf„ 2559bQ)
zhwAƒ sthfn-sifwfj idhÛ rWqf wkG. mrfbhD -sj zfslw dlsq mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
‰& ‫( " א‬٤) {4 XM Œ5 5 5h/: : ‰3 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, skfmfv idv¤Yl idhÛ vfJ. (mcÜfNXdNv } 4)
 68
sifwfj idhÛ vfJfv …sÜswAƒ mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(H4 PK I:4 8: X: 3 ‫ א‬S1Yq P5 ‫و‬: 1d:¦ْ 5 ‫و‬: 1 X: ¦ْ 5 X: B@‘5 :‫ ض‬::!ْ ‫ א‬:$ : „M!‫ א א‬1 :!ْ ‫)א‬
ªskfmvf nflf jfiV idvLfb jv. jfvB nflf vsMv jfiV shwD idhÛ W …Ùm. zfv
‰ vsMv jfisVƒ skfmfslv mfƒsqAksj jfIbfW.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr,
dmwjfk 4337bQ)
ˆ YfVf nhcu vsMv jfiVW dkdb hAhrfv jvskb. (zfhC lf†l 4065bQ) ˆhQ
tft vsMvW sthfn idvLfb jvskb. (zfhC lf†l 4072, ƒhsb mfufr 3599, 3600bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv dbje nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq vM dYt nhcu. (n} ufsm' 4623bQ)
k]fv dbje nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq jfiV dYt vdMb sFfvfjfef ƒqfmfbD `drhfvfr'
bfmj ncdkv yflv. (n} ufsm' 4624bQ)
dkdb syj-jfef yflv ivsk Hfstfhfnskb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4304bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt ˆjlf zfmXv dhb zfn -ˆv slsr lc'de ufIvfbD vsMv jfiV slsJ
htstb, ªˆÈstf jfsIvslv jfiV. nckvfQ kcdm kf isvf bf.« (mcndtm, dmwjfk 4327bQ)
sifwfj spmb idhÛ rsh, skmbƒ idv°jfv rWqf hfÒbDq. mqtf jfiV ivf
mcndtsmv zfyvB bq.
ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt ˆj hAdÙÁv mfKfq zftcKftc yct slsJ htstb, ªˆv dj ˆmb
djYcW sbƒ, pfv äfvf mfKfv ˆstfsmstf yctÈstfsj snfuf jsv (z]fyXsV) sbq?!« zfv
ˆj hAdÙÁv ivsb mqtf jfiV slsJ htstb, ªˆv dj ˆmb djYcW sbƒ, pfv äfvf mqtf
jfiVsj idv°jfv jsv sbq?!« (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, bfnf„, dmwjfk 4351bQ)
mrfb zfïfrv ialÙ dbqfmk hf¦lfv sthfsn-sifwfsj slJf pfj, kf dkdb iY¦l
jsvb. (dn} nrDrfr 1290bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv „l W ucmzfv ubA dhswN sthfn dYt. dkdb hstsYb,
.« 3*b3 S:X4 8: 4 /:4 ‰: x: 3 3 : '1 ~
1 !ْ ‫م@ א‬4 : !3 @74 /:4 ‰: :Wž
3 bBV: ‫ن‬4 5 H4 I1&4 L
: ‫و‬: ‫ن‬4 @A H4 PK 3&O
: 5 5 : 8: »
zKGf{, skfmfslv msLA pfslv nfmKGA zfsY kfslv idvwasmv jfiV YfVf ucmzfv ubA
zbA ˆj sufVf jfiV Kfjst dj zncdhLf zfsY? (zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb mfufr 1095-1096bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt ˆv nhsysq shwD iY¦lbDq sthfn dYt jfmDn (Ict-rfkf iafq
o]fsev …iv ipG§À tìf ufmf dhswN). (zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 4328bQ)
dkdb mfKfq hAhrfv jvskb ifoVD. (dkvdmpD, nrDùt ufsm' 4676bQ)
dkdb mfKfq jfstf vsMv ifoVDW h]fLskb. (zfhC lf†l 4077, ƒhsb mfufr 3584bQ)
mrfbhD tcdÌ ivskb. dkdb hstb, ªo]fsev dbsyv zQw tcdÌv (zÌ)
ufrfâfsm.« (hcJfvD, dmwjfk 4314bQ) ªmc'dmsbv tcdÌ ifsqv zsLGj vtf ipG§À. ˆƒ
(zsLGj vtf) sKsj o]fe ipG§À zQswv sp sjfbW ufqofq rst [dk sbƒ. dj§Â ˆv
dbsyv zQw slfpsJ pfsh.« ˆv™i 3 hfv hst dkdb icbvfq htstb, ªzfv djqfmskv
dlb zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv iadk kfdjsqW slJshb bf, sp zrQjfsvv nfsK dbsuv tcdÌ
(o]fsev dbsy) sY]yXsV dbsq shVfq.« (zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb mfufr, dmwjfk 4331bQ)
dkdb snfbf W svwm hAhrfv jsvbdb. dkdb hstsYb, ªsnfbf W svwm
69
zfmfv …©mskv mdrtfslv ubA rftft ˆhQ icv¢Nslv ubA rfvfm jvf rsqsY.«
(dkvdmpD, bfnf„, dmwjfk 4341bQ) ªlcdbqfq svwm-h²Â kfvfƒ ivsh, pfslv
ivjfst sjfb zQw sbƒ.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4320 bQ)
dkdb WpCv iv ifdb smfYfv ubA h²ÃJà hAhrfv jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4830bQ)
dkdb yfmVfv stfm-YfVfsbf uckf hAhrfv jvskb. (‰ 5010bQ)
k]fv uckfv lc'de dIkf dYt. (‰ 4827bQ)
dkdb sjfb sjfb nmq (idhÛ) uckf-ifsqƒ bfmfp iVskb. (‰ 4966bQ)

mrfbhD -ˆv lf©ikA-uDhb

mrfbhD dYstb mrfmfbh. mfbshv iajdx k zbcpfqD dkdb uDhb-ndÌbD W ik´D oarB
jsvdYstb. mcndtmslv ubA ˆjƒ nmsq iasqfusb 4de ²ÃD oarsB zbcmdk zfsY. (nCvf
dbnf } 3)
dj§Â mrfb zfïfr dbu bhDv ubA kfvW shdw ik´D oarsB zbcmdk dlsqdYstb. zhwA
ˆv iÇyfsk dhdHâ pcdÙÁ W jfvBW dYt.
dkdb dYstb duskd¦ûq W nQpmwDt. k]fv ˆjmfÛ jcmfvD ²ÃD zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù
zfbrf) hstb,
.3*/3 4 @‘!3 H4 JK J5 5 84 5 :‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: ، H< s3 ,
: : \1 ‫و‬: 1 3 :V1 ‫و‬: 1 Mn5 V1 2R3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5
zKGf{, bhD svfpf zh²¿fq (²ÃD) ycìb W zfdtÌb jvskb. zfv dkdb dYstb
skfmfslv msLA nh yfƒsk shdw duskd¦ûq. (hcJfvD 1927, mcndtm 2632bQ)
kfYfVf iafq dkdb ƒhflk, kfrfÏcl W svfpfv mfLAsm dlhfvfÛ zdkhfdrk jvskb.
dkdb nQnfv-dhvfoD dYstb bf, jfmcjW dYstb bf. jfmkxòf dbhfvBfsKG hù dhhfr jsvb
db. pdl kfƒ rk, kfrst dkdb shsY shsY nhÈdtƒ nc¦lvD-swaôf jcmfvD pchkD dhhfr
jvskb. dj§Â spZhsbv iafvs©H i]dyw hYv hqsn dkdb ydïw hYsvv siaZPf n§Àfsbv
mfkf ˆj dhLhfsj iaKmf ²ÃDv™si oarB jsvdYstb. kfviv snƒ siammqD ²ÃDv hkGmfsb
(k]fv mxkAc ipG§À) sjfb dhhfr jsvbdb.
snƒ ²ÃDv osHG k]fv 7de n§Àfb u¦moarB jsv. zk}iv k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv iv zbAfbA
²ÃD oarB jsvb. pJb dkdb ˆjub jcmfvDsj ²ÃDv™si hvB jsvb kJb k]fv dbsuv hqn
hfrfâ hYv!
ˆj nmq dkdb 9 ub ²ÃD W 2 ub ÛÁDklfnD dbsq lf©ikA uDhb zdkhfdrk jsvb.
dkdb ²ÃDslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkf hufq vfJskb. njstv ubA iftf zbcpfqD dlb
dbLGfdvk dYt. ˆmbdj nIsv sostW sjfb sjfb ²ÃDsj nIv-ndÌbD drnfsh nsÌ dbskb.
zfv sn s[sÛ tefdvv mfLAsm k]fv bfm dbhGfyb jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4661bQ)
dkdb hfƒsv sKsj hfdV iashw jvst l]fkb j'sv mcJ idv°jfv jvskb. (n} ufsm'
4717bQ) pfsk ²ÃD k]fv mcJ sKsj sjfb iajfv lcoGá bf ifq.
dkdb ²ÃDslvsj Jch Hfstfhfnskb. dkdb htskb,
.("3 5 #
B !‫ א‬R3 R3S4 : "K B 6K 9 4 53 L
1 ‫و‬: 1d Œq !‫א‬:‫ و‬1 : SM!‫ א‬HP :4 1‫ د‬74 83 BR!5 @A :dMO
1)
 70
ªskfmfslv lcdbqfv msLA zfmfv jfsY ²ÃD W sJfwhcsj diaq jvf rsqsY. zfv bfmfpsj
jvf rsqsY zfmfv y[cwDktkf.« (zfrmfl, bfnf„, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 3124bQ)
dkdb htskb,
.« K +
: !3 #
B !‫" א‬K 5 4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬: 4 2&!‫ ع@ א‬b:8: 1 4 ;
: ‫و‬: ‫ <ع‬b:8: : 4 2&!‫» א‬
ªixdKhD ˆj …isHfoA nfmoaD ˆhQ kfv msLA nhGswaô nfmoaD rs¤Y icBAmqD ²ÃD.«
(mcndtm 3716bQ)
²ÃDslv msLA diaqkmf dYstb zfsqwf. zhwA k]fv …iv dkdb iaKm ²ÃD JflDufsj
iafLfbA dlskb. k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv isvW k]fv iawQnf jvskb ˆhQ k]fv n¹xdksk k]fv
nJDslv iadk näAhrfv ialwGb jvskb. zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, JflDuf
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf)v iadk zfmfv pkef „NGf rskf, kkef „NGf bhD -ˆv ziv sjfb
²ÃDv iadk rskf bf. zKy zfdm k]fsj jJsbf sldJdb. dj§Â bhD zdLjfQw nmq kf]v
jKf zfstfybf jvskb ˆhQ pJbƒ dkdb Yfot phfƒ jvskb, kJbƒ kfv dhdHâ zÌ
sjse JflDufv hfáhDslv ubA …irfvöv™i ifEfskb.
zfdm k]fsj mfsU msLA (vdnjkf Yst) htkfm, `msb rq spb lcdbqfsk JflDuf YfVf
zfv sjfb smsqƒ sbƒ.' kJb dkdb (k]fv iawQnf j'sv) htskb, ªsn ˆƒ vjm dYt,
‰ vjm dYt. zfv kf]v sKsjƒ zfmfv n§Àfb-n§Âdk.«
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `bhD pJb hjvD phfƒ jvskb, kJb JflDufv hfáhDslv
dbje ˆkef idvmfsB mfQn ifEfskb, pf kfslv ubA psKó rk.'
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `bhD pJb hjvD phfƒ jvskb, kJb htskb, ªJflDufv
hfáhDslv dbje ˆƒ mfQn ifdEsq lfW.« (hcJfvD 3818, mcndtm 6431bQ)
dkdb ²ÃDslv mfsU nkDsbv iadk iajdx kok „NGf t[A jvst kf nrA jvskb ˆhQ sn
hAfifsv k]fslvsj …islw dlskb.
²ÃDoB k]fv nfsK uDhbpfisb nQjDBGkfshfL jvst mrfb zfïfrv Ifqnftf zfnk,
B7JK O
4 M : K ‫و‬: B7JK 4 bM8: K :74 !5 : b:5 X: b:S:V@‫وز‬: : 4 2&!‫" א‬5 : +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:‫دن‬4 @ I1 B7b1S4 PK ‫ن‬4 @A 5hL
3 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 4 6K 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
‫ ًא‬L
4 5 B7JK S4 83 3U S:3 +
4 '1 ْ !3 B&: 5 5%‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 "5 : ;
3 ª‫ א‬: ‫א‬B&!‫א‬:‫ و‬1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: 5%‫ א‬:‫دن‬4 @ I1 B7b1S4PK ‫ن‬4 @A‫و‬: (٢٨) ً '3 L
: ً O‫א‬: :
5h!3:‫ ذ‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: @74 Y5 4 k
3 1$‫א‬:W: !ْ ‫ א‬X: !5 }
4 : : V1 N S:M :81 N f: O
3 Y5 /3 B7JK S4 83 3Uْ‚V: 74 8: MR3 SB!‫ א‬: : 3 V: (٢٩) ً ' ƒ3 :
X: !5 :&4 b:4 5 ‫و‬: @74 I:B 8: \: : L
4 5 X: I3 —4 1 ً +3! ,
: 4 ': 4 I:‫و‬: 3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !3 B7JK S4 83 9
4 S1nْ V: 74 8: ‫و‬: (٣٠) ‫•ًא‬3 V: 3%‫ א‬5 :
c3W!> ‫ א‬:Š': Œْ : 5 @‫ل‬4 n5 !ْ /3 :74 : ž
4 I: 5 B7b14 n5 IB‫ن א‬4 @A 3 : SM!‫ א‬74 83 N&O
: 5‚P5 B7b14 !5 MR3 SB!‫ א‬: : 3 V: (٣١) ً ®@ P5 ً 64‫@ز‬
:7'4 63 5 ‫و‬: !5 ‫و‬K ‫ א‬3 B 3\3 ~
: !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ج‬2 :I: :7L
4 B :I: ?:‫ و‬B7JK I3 1 /1 R3 :‫ن‬4 65 ‫و‬: (٣٢) ً ‫و‬1 4 8: ?ً 4 65 :7ْ 6K ‫و‬: ‫ض‬
< : 8: 3*3 ْ 65 R3
H4 PK : XM Œ5 V1 ‫و‬: 394 :!ْ ‫ א‬: \4 5 :•L
4 M !‫ א‬H4 JK S4 : :d\3 W4 1 !3 K%‫ א‬1&V@ V1 ': B@A 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: 5%‫ א‬:74 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: "5 P5 TB !‫ א‬: I3 -:‫" و‬5 #
B !‫א‬
(٣٤) {‫•ًא‬3 ;
: ً Y Œ3 !5 :‫ ن‬P5 5%‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3 ': Jْ +
3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3%‫ א‬U
3 V: - 74 83 B7JK I3 1 /1 R3 5 b4V1 8: :‫ن‬4 PK ‫ذ‬4 ‫א‬:‫( و‬٣٣) ‫@•ًא‬XŒْ I:
zKGf{, sr bhD! kcdm skfmfv ²ÃDslv ht, `skfmvf pdl ifdKGh uDhsbv sHfo W kfv
dhtfdnkf jfmbf jv, kfrst ˆn, zfdm skfmfslv sHfo-dhtfsnv hAh²¿f j'sv dlƒ ˆhQ
snZusbAv nfsK skfmfslvsj dhlfq dlƒ. i[f§Àsv skfmvf zfïfr, k]fv vnCt ˆhQ
71
ivjft jfmbf jvst, skfmfslv msLA pfvf n{jmGwDtf zfïfr kfslv ubA mrf iadklfb
ia²k svsJsYb.' sr bhD-ik´DoB! skfmfslv msLA sj… sjfb iajfwA zw½Dt jfu jvst
kfsj däÈB wfd²À slWqf rsh. zfv zfïfrv ubA kf nru. skfmfslv msLA sp sj…
zfïfr ˆhQ k]fv vnCstv iadk zbcokf rsh W n{jfu jvsh, kfsj zfdm däÈB icvõfv
lfb jvh. zfv kfv ubA zfdm n©mfbubj uDdhjf ia²k  svsJdY. sr bhD-ik´DoB!
skfmvf zbA bfvDslv mk bW; pdl skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ksh ivicv¢sNv nfsK
sjfmt js÷ ˆmbHfsh jKf hstf bf, pfsk z§Àsv pfv hAfdL zfsY sn iatcé rq. zfv
skfmvf nlftfi jv. (öfHfdhjHfsh jKf ht.) skfmvf öoxsr zh²¿fb jv ˆhQ (iafj-
ƒntfmD) ufsrtD pcsov mk dbsuslvsj ialwGb jsv shdVsqf bf. skfmvf bfmfp iadkôf
jv W pfjfk ialfb jv ˆhQ zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zbcokf rW; sr bhD-idvhfv!
zfïfr skf sjht skfmfslv mLA sKsj zidhÛkf lCv jvsk yfb ˆhQ skfmfslvsj
n©iCBvG ™si idhÛ jvsk yfb. zfïfrv zfqfk W Îfsbv jKf pf skfmfslv oxsr idEk
rq kf skfmvf ±mvB vfJ. db}ns¦lsr zfïfr nm²À sofib vrnA ufsbb, Jhv vfsJb
nhGdhNsqv. (‚rXpfh } 28-34)
dkdb nIv sKsj hfdV dIvst ²ÃDslv znkjG zh²¿fq vfdÛsk hfdV iashw jvskb bf.
(n} ufsm' 4862bQ) zfhfv dlsb dIvstW nhGfsoa mndusl iashw j'sv 2 vfjfzfk
bfmfp iVskb. (hcJfvD 4418, mcndtm 1692bQ)
pfsk ²ÃDoB dbu dbu hfnoxr W slsrv idv¤Yâkf oarB jvsk ifvskb.
dkdb ²ÃDoBsj ycìb …irfv dlskb. hvQ jJsbf jJsbf ycìb dlsq WpC bf j'svƒ
iCshGv WpCskƒ bfmfp iVskb. (n} ufsm' 4997bQ)
dkdb svfpf zh²¿fskW ²ÃD-ycìb jvskb. (‰ 4998bQ)
dkdb sjfb sjfb dlsb hf vfsÛ (dhswN j'sv lDOG nIv sKsj zfnfv iv) njt ²ÃDv
jfsY dosq lf©ikAncJ …isHfo jvskb ˆhQ idvswsN ˆjhfvƒ sofnt jvskb. (n}
ufsm' 4941, 4977bQ)
zfbfn hstb, `dkdb dlhfvfdÛv ˆjƒ nmsq k]fv (ÛÁDklfnD-nr) 11de ²ÃDv nfsK
dmtb jvskb.' k]fsj duÎfnf jvf rstf, `dkdb dj kfsk n[m dYstb?'
zfbfn htstb, `zfmvf htfhdt jvkfm, k]fsj 30 ub icv¢sNv nmfb
spZb[mkf lfb jvf rsqsY.' (hcJfvD 268bQ)
dkdb dmtsbv iv sofnt jvskb. sjfb jfvsB sofnt didYsq dlst WpC jvskb.
kfskW zftnA ˆst kfqf©mcm j'sv dbsq Ocmfskb. (n} ufsm' 4794bQ)
vmpfsbv vfsk jJsbf jJsbf zidhÛ Kfjf zh²¿fq k]fv Iuv rsq spk. zk}iv
dkdb …sE sofnt jvskb ˆhQ svfpf vfJskb. (‰ 4938bQ)
ufsrtD pcso ƒqfùlDslv msLA mfdnj zh²¿fv mdrtfsj n©iCBG zidhÛ oBA jvf rk.
kfvf kfv nfsK smtfsmwf ˆhQ JfWqf-lfWqf zShL msb jvk. nfrfhfsq sjvfm ˆ
hAfifsv mrfbhD -sj duÎfnf jvst mrfb zfïfr zfqfk zhkDBG jvstb,
‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 :‫ن‬4 X1 Œْ V: : bBO
: B7\1 /1: nْ I: 5?‫و‬: @m +
3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬R3 : SM!‫! אْ א‬K T@ b:4 5 xQ‫ذ‬5 : \1 4 6K @m +
3 ': !ْ ‫@ א‬7: 5h: !K 5‚4 V: ‫و‬: }
" n !‫" א‬ (٢٢٢) {:7V@ XM Œ5 b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 ‫و‬: : /3 ‫א‬B bB!‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 1*’ !‫ א‬1HPK : 8: 5 1¢4 O
: 74 83 B7\1 I1ْ‚5 :‫ن‬4 XB Œ5 I:
 72
zKGf{, stfsj skfmfsj vu}nafh n©isjG duÎfnf jsv. kcdm ht, kf zwcdy. nckvfQ
skfmvf vu}nafhjfst ²ÃDnÌ huGb jv ˆhQ pkdlb bf kfvf idhÛ rq, (nrhfsnv ubA)
kfslv dbjehkGD rsqf bf. zk}iv pJb kfvf idhÛ rq, kJb kfslv dbje dEj
snƒHfsh omb jv, spHfsh zfïfr skfmfslvsj zfslw dlsqsYb. dbÇyq zfïfr
[mfiafdKGoBsj ˆhQ pfvf idhÛ Kfsj, kfslvsj iY¦l jsvb. (hfj¶fvfr } 222)
nckvfQ dkdb dbu zfmt äfvf hcdUsq dlstb, lf©ikA ncJ …isHfo sjht dmtsbv
mfsUƒ nDmfhÝ bq ˆhQ ˆmbW bq sp, zðdyv nmq ²ÃDv nfsK swfWqf-JfWqf hf ycìb-
±iwG jvf pfsh bf. dkdb hcdUsq dlstb sp, ˆ zfqfsk sjht nrhfn jvf sKsj dhvk
Kfjsk htf rsqsY. dbjehkGD bf rWqf hf lCsv Kfjfv zKG } sjht nÌm jvf dbsNL.
kfƒ dkdb snƒ zh²¿fq ²ÃD-zsÌ jfiV svsJ zfdtÌb jvskb. nrhfn YfVf zbA
ncJ …isHfo jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4891bQ)
rftftHfsh spZbncJ …isHfo jvfsk nWqfh zfsY. ˆ …isHfo sKsj dbusj hdÑk
jvfv mfsU sjfb nWqfh sbƒ. ˆ kAfsov mfsU sjfb mfrfk¹A sbƒ.
mrfbhD ²ÃDslv dyÙ-dhsbflsbv ubA ³hL sJtf sJtskb. mf zfsqwf (vf}) hstb,
`ˆjlf ˆj nIsv zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK dYtfm. ˆj ufqofq zfmvf slZV
iadkspfdokf jvtfm ˆhQ kfsk zfdm k]fsj rfdvsq dltfm. zk}iv pJb zfdm smfef
rsq sotfm, kJb ˆjhfv iadkspfdokf jvtfm ˆhQ dkdb zfmfsj rfdvsq dlstb.'
(zfhC lf†l 2578bQ)
³hL sJtf slJsk k]fslvsj ncspfo dlskb. mf-zfsqwf (vfdpqfïfù zfbrf) hstb,
ˆjlf rfhwDvf hwGf-hïm dbsq mndusl sJtf jvdYt. vfnCtcïfr zfmfsj duÎfnf
jvstb, ªsr ùmfƒvf! kcdm dj Wslv sJtf slJsk yfW?« zfdm httfm, `rAf].' kJb
dkdb lvufq lf]dVsq sostb. zfdm zfmfv KckXdbsj kf]v jf]sLv …iv vfJtfm ˆhQ zfmfv
syrfvfsj kf]v ofstv nfsK tfdosq lf]dVsq sotfm. (shw djYc[B slJfv iv) dkdb
htstb, ªpsKó rsqsY, yt ˆhfsv.« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vfnCt! kfVfkfdV
jvshb bf.' kfƒ dkdb zfmfv ubA zfhfvW lf]dVsq sostb. zk}iv zfhfv htstb,
ªpsKó rsqsY, yt ˆhfsv.« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vfnCt! kfVfkfdV jvshb bf.'
zfmfv sp kfslv sJtf slJfv Jch wJ dYt kf bq, hvQ zfdm sjht k]fv zbAfbA ²ÃDslvsj
ˆ jKfef ufdbsq dlsk yfƒdYtfm sp, zfmfv jfsY vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jkef mpGflf dYt
ˆhQ kf]v jfsY zfmfv jkef jlv dYt. (bfnf„ jchvf 8951, mcndtm 2100-2101bQ)
dkdb htskb, ªiadk jfu (sJtf) pfsk zfïfrv dpdjv, (LmGDq …sÜwA, wfvDdvj …ijfv)
Kfsj bf, kfƒ (znfv) ÛÁDVf-sjZkcj, yfvde sJtf YfVf. kfv msLA öfmD-²ÃDv siamsJtf
(iasmflsjZkcj W vdnjkfdl) zbAkm.« (bfnf„ jchvf 8939, n} ufsm' 4534bQ)
dkdb dYstb vfuf-hflwf, dkdb dYstb mrfb sbkf. k]fv lfn-lfnD W JfslmW dYt.
khcW dkdb nQnfsv ²ÃDv jfsu nrspfdokf jvskb.
`oxr²¿fdt jfu jvskb; zKGf{ ²ÃDv jfsu nrspfdokf jvskb. zk}iv bfmfspv
(nmq) rst dkdb bfmfspv ubA shdvsq spskb.' (hcJfvD 676bQ)
dkdb zbAfbA mfbcsNv mk ˆjub mfbcN dYstb; örs²À jfiV idv°jfv jvskb, lcL
73
slfqfskb ˆhQ dbsuv dJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. (dn} nrDrfr 670bQ, zflfhcp dpIfI 291ix})
dkdb htskb,
.( 3\4 5 H4 PK 1 4 ;
: :5 ‫و‬: 3*3\4 5 H4 PK 1 4 ;
: H4 PK 1 4 ;
: ‫و‬: ، nً K ;
1 H4 X1 S1: O
4 5 Q® : @A : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 ': Pْ 5 )
ªnhfv sysq iCBG „mfblfv hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv ˆhQ Wslv msLA
nhGfsi[f …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp kfv ²ÃDv dbje …Ùm.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 1232bQ)
lf©ikA W nQnfv uDhbW mcndtsmv LmG. snefƒ dYt mrfbhD -ˆv dw[f. dkdb
nQnfv-dhvfoD rsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (n} ufsm' 6867bQ) dkdb hstsYb,
. «x: #: SB!‫ \ א‬P ‫ א‬1 JK I: !5 ‫و‬: ، H:8K‚!ْ ‫ א‬HJ/ ‰3 J5 81 RM@‘5 ‫ א ؛‬L 1 ‫و‬B T: I:»
zKGf{, skfmvf dhhfr jv; jfvB njt …©mk zsi[f zfdm skfmfslv nQJAfdLjA
dbsq ohG jvh. zfv dJaófbslv ³hvfoDslv mskf rsqf bf. (hfƒrfj¶D, dn} nrDrfr 1782bQ)
htf hfùtA, ƒntfm kAfsov LmG, sHfsovW LmG. dj§Â …Hqƒ dbqd§Ãk.
`³hvfoA nfLsb mcdÙÁ sn zfmfv bq
znQJA háb mfsU mrfb¦lmq
tdHh mcdÙÁv öfl--.'

k]fv uDhb-uDdhjf
mrfbhD bhczskv iCshG uDdhjfv ubA hjvD ydvsqsYb. …ifuGsbv ubA hAhnf-
hfdBuA jsvsYb.
mlDbfq druvk jvfv isvW k]fv nQnfv dYt zHfshv. zhwA dkdb ˆef dbsuƒ
iY¦l j'sv dbsqdYstb. dkdb dhNqfnÙÁ dYstb bf. dkdb vfuf rsk yfbdb. zKy
zfïfrv JftDt ƒ¤Yf jvst kf rsk ifvskb.
ˆjlf duhvDt mrfbhD -ˆv dbjse hsndYstb. rEf{ dkdb zfjfswv dlsj
kfdjsq slJstb sp, ˆjub dIdvwXkf zhkvB jvsYb. dkdb (bhD -sj t[A j'sv)
htstb, `ˆƒ dIdvwkf pJb sKsj nxó rsqsYb, kJb sKsj dbsq zfu ipG§À sjfb dlb
zhkvB jsvbdb.' dIdvwXkf zhkvB j'sv (bhD -sj) nsìfLb j'sv htstb, `sr
mcrf©mfl! zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv jfsY ifdEsqsYb. (dkdb ufbsk yfb
sp,) zfibfsj dj dkdb ˆjub nmafe W bhD j'sv siavB jvshb, bf sjht ˆjub
hf¦lf W vfnCt j'sv ifEfshb?' duhvDt htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfibfv
iadkiftsjv ubA bma-dhbqD rb.' vfnCtcïfr htstb,
.( !ً 1 : ‫א‬Q&4 : 4 /: 5?)
ªbf, hvQgzfdm ˆjub hf¦lf W vfnCt drnfsh siadvk rsk yfƒ.« (zfrmfl 7160,
ƒhsb drêfb 6365, zfhC qAf'tf 6105bQ)
vfnCtïc fr lc'zf jvskb,
.« IQ 6K N&'B +
: 81 @‫ل‬- :‫زق‬4 @ 4 : L
4 ‫ א‬BHX1 > !‫» א‬
 74
ªsr zfïfr! mcrf©mfslv idvhfv-idvusbv ubA iasqfubDq uDdhjf ialfb jv.«
(hcJfvD 6460, mcndtm 2474bQ)
ˆjlf lc ufrfsbv hflwfr bhD yfefƒ-ˆv …iv srtfb dlsq wcsq dYstb. k]fv
ifw¶sG lsw yfefƒ-ˆv ±ió lfo isV dosqdYt. k]fv host dYt sJucv ofsYv syfjfv
hfdtw! kf slsJ …mfv sj]sl sItstb. zfïfrv vnCt duÎfnf jvstb,
ªrEf{ sj]sl …Est sjb, sr …mfv?« …mfv htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ifvnA W
svfm-nmafe jk ncJ-dhtfsn hfn jvsY. zfv zfidb zfïfrv vnCt rsqW ˆ zh²¿fq
jftfdkifk jvsYb? zfidb zfïfrv dbje iafKGbf jv¢b, spb dkdb zfibfv …©mksj
ifdKGh ncJ-n©isl nmxÝ jsvb. ifvnA W svfmhfnDslvsj zfïfr lcdbqfv ncJ-nfmoaD
lfb jsvsYb, zKy kfvf k]fv ƒhflk jsv bf!' ˆ jKf wcsb mrfbhD srtfb
sYsV …sE hnstb ˆhQ htstb, ªsr …mfv! ˆ hAfifsv kcdm ˆmb jKf ht? Wvf rt
ˆmb ufdk, pfslv ncJ-n©ilsj ˆ uoskƒ k¶vfdb¶k jvf rsqsY. ---kcdm dj yfW bf sp,
Wslv ncJ ƒrjfst zfv zfmfslv ncJ ivjfst srfj?« (hcJfvD 4913, 5191, mcndtm, ƒhsb
mfufr, nrDùt ufsm' 1327 bQ)
vfnCtïc fr ˆjlf yfefƒ-ˆv …iv ðsq dYstb. zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ zh²¿fq …Estb sp,
kf]v ifw¶sG lsw kfv lfo isV dosqdYt. zfmvf httfm, `sr zfïfrv vfnCt! pdl (zfibfv
zbcmdk rq), kfrst zfmvf zfibfv ubA bvm odl hfdbsq dlƒ.' dkdb htstb,
.( X: P5 : I:‫و‬: :i‫א‬: BH‰1 "N : ~
: : :9+
4 I: B l5 NdP3 ‫א‬: P5 : 4 2&!‫ א‬1 „:8: ‫و‬: R3„:8: ': B@A : 4 2&!‫א‬:‫ و‬:5 8: : 4 2& !3‫و‬: R3! 8: )
ªlcdbqfv nfsK zfmfv jD n©ijG? zfdm skf (ˆ) uosk ‰ zfsvfrDv mskf, sp (j½f§À
rsq ˆjec dhwafsmv ubA) sjfb ofsYv Yfqfq zfwaq sbq. zk}iv icbvfq sn ytsk
zfvý jsv ˆhQ ‰ ofYde sYsV yst pfq.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD 2377, ƒhsb mfufr, dmwjfk 5188 bQ)
mc'dmbslv ubbD zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dhYfbf
yfmVfv SkvD dYt ˆhQ kfv dHksv dYt sJucv ofsYv sYfhVf.' (hcJfvD 6456bQ)
dkdb sjfb sjfb njfst ²ÃDslv duÎfnf jvskb, `sjfb Jfhfv zfsY bfdj?' pdl
htskb, `bf', kfrst dkdb htskb, `ksh zfdm svfpf svsJ dbtfm.' (mcndtm 2770bQ)
vfnCtïc fr sjfb ˆjdlb zKhf sjfb ˆj vfsk (Ov sKsj) shv rstb, zk}iv
zj±mf{ zfhC hfjXv W …mfv (vfdpqfïfù zfbùmf)-ˆv nsÌ kf]v nf[f{ rt. dkdb
htstb, `ˆ nmq skfmvf hfVD sKsj sjb shv rsqY?' k]fvf htstb, `[cLfv kfVbfq
sr zfïfrv vfnCt!' dkdb htstb,
.((‫ א‬81 6K ، ': JK L
: :; 4 5 c3W!> ‫ א‬R3SL : :; 4 5‚!5 3•3&: /3 R3 Yْ : c3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬:5 ‫و‬: ))
`snƒ nÙfv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB vsqsY. zfmfsjW snƒ dudbn hfdV sKsj
shv jsvsY, sp dudbn skfmfslvsj shv jsvsY. skfmvf WsEf (ˆhQ zfmfv nsÌ yt).'
zk}iv kf]vf lc'usb kf]v nsÌ ytsk tfostb. kfviv dkdb (zfhct rfƒNfm bfmj)
ˆj zfbnfvDv hfVD ˆstb. zfbnfvD sn nmq hfVDsk dYstb bf. pJb kf]v ²ÃD bhD -sj
slJstb, kJb k]fslvsj zHAKGbf W öfok ufbfstb. vfnCtïc fr k]fsj htstb, `zmcj
(zfbnfvD) sjfKfq?' dkdb htstb, `zfmfslv ubA dmEf ifdb zfbsk sosYb.'
75
ƒdk msLA zfbnfvD ˆsn sostb. dkdb vfnCtcïfr W kf]v nfKDäqsj slsJ htstb,
`zftrfmlc dtïfr, zfu zfmfv (hfVDv) sysq n©mfdbk smrmfb jfsvf (hfVDsk) sbƒ.'
zk}iv dkdb yst sostb ˆhQ sJucsvv ˆjef j]fdl zfbstb, pfsk jf]yf, wcjsbf ˆhQ
nlA}ifjf sJucv dYt. zk}iv zfbnfvD htstb, `zfibfvf Jfb.' zk}iv dkdb
dbsu Ycdv Lvstb. vfnCtïc fr k]fsj htstb, `lcLfstf Yfot uhfƒ jsvf bf.'
zk}iv dkdb (Yfot) uhfƒ jvstb. kf]vf Yfostv (mfQn) sJstb, ‰ sJucv j]fdl
sKsj sJucv sJstb ˆhQ ifdb ifb jvstb. kfviv kf]vf pJb (ifbfrfv jsv) idvkxå
rstb, kJb vfnCtïc fr zfhC hfjXv W …mfv (vfdpqfïfù zfbùmf)v …sÜswA htstb,
H4 !5 BH‰1 ،1‫~ ع‬
1 !ْ ‫ א‬H4 JK I3 1 /1 74 83 H4 JK L
: :;
4 5 ،3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: @H 3 SB!‫א א‬:W\: 74 : B7!K5‚4 b1!5 3•3&: /3 R3 Yْ : c3W!> ‫א‬:‫)) و‬
(( 1H 3 SB!‫א א‬:W\: H4 JK /: ,
: 5 bBO
: ‫ א‬1L 3 4 I:
ªsnƒ nÙfv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB vsqsY! dbÇyq skfmfslvsj djqfmskv dlb
dbqfmk n©isjG duÎfnfhfl jvf rsh. [cLf skfmfslvsj hfVD sKsj shv jsvdYt, dj§Â
ˆJb ˆ dbqfmk …isHfo j'sv dbsuslv (hfVD) dIsv pf¤Y.« (mcndtm 2038bQ)
sjfb sjfb nmq [cLfv kfVbfq dkdb sise jfiV hf ifKv h]fLskb. zk}iv sjfb
nfrfhD kf t[A jvst k]fv [cdâhfvB jvskb.
zfbfn hstb, zfdm ˆjdlb vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dbje ˆsn slJsk sitfm sp, dkdb
kf]v nfrfhDslv nfsK hsn jKf htsYb. zfv dkdb kf]v siesj ˆjde h²ÃJà äfvf sh]sL
svsJsYb. hBGbfjfvD …nfmf hstb, ifKv dYt dj bf, ˆsk zfmfv ns¦lr vsqsY.
(zfbfn hstb,) zfdm kf]v sjfb nfrfhDsj duÎfnf jvtfm, `vfnCtcïfr sjb kf]v
sie sh]sL svsJsYb?' kf]vf htstb, `[cLfv jfvsB.' ˆviv zfdm zfhC k¶ftrf ˆv
dbje sotfm. dkdb …s©m nctfƒsmv öfmD dYstb. zfdm httfm, `zfêf! zfdm vfnCtcïfr
-sj slJtfm, dkdb jfiV dlsq k]fv sie sh]sL svsJsYb. zfdm kf]v sjfb sjfb
nfrfhDsj (sie sh]sL vfJfv jfvB) duÎfnf jvst kf]vf htstb, [cLfv jfvsB.' kfviv
zfhC k¶ftrf zfmfv mfsqv jfsY sostb ˆhQ htstb, `djYc zfsY dj?' dkdb htstb,
`rAf], zfmfv jfsY jsqj ecjXvf v¢de zfv jsqjde sJucv zfsY. pdl vfnCtcïfr
zfmfslv hfVDsk ˆjf zfsnb, kfrst kf]sj idvkxå jvsk ifvh. zfv pdl zbA sj…
kf]v nfsK zfsn, ksh kf]slv jm rsh.' (mcndtm 2040bQ)
sjfb sjfb nmsqv JflAfHfshv jKf dkdb dbsuƒ hBGbf jsvsYb,
:‫ ن‬‰1 5 ‰: BR5 : 9
4 I:5 &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: &< O
: 5 x:‫—ذ‬4 V1 8: ‫و‬: 3%‫ א‬R3 19V3‫وذ‬K &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: &< O
:51 ž: V1 8: ‫و‬: 3%‫ א‬R3 19Yْ ; 3 K &4 n5 !5 ))
.((‫ ٍل‬5 /3 •K /4 @A 3*V@ ‫א‬: V1 < R4 : !> @A N&3 P5 ‫و‬1‫* ذ‬1 K PK ْ‚V: ‫ <م‬: ¦5 ‫ ٍل‬5 3!3‫و‬: R3! 8: ‫و‬: N 5 4 !5 ‫و‬: ‫ ٍم‬4 V: @74 /: 74 83
zKGf{, zfïfrv äDsbv iayfsvv jfsu zfmfsj spHfsh HDk-n§Ã²À jvf rsqsY, zbA
jf…sj snHfsh jvf rqdb. zfmfsj spHfsh jó slWqf rsqsY, zbA jf…sj snHfsh
slWqf rqdb. dÛw dlb W vfk zfmfv …iv ˆmbW zdkhfdrk rsq sosY sp, zfmfv W
dhtfstv jfsY sjfb iafBDv JfWqfv mskf djYcƒ dYt bf, sjht snƒ ö¬i idvmfBecjc
YfVf, pf dhtft kf]v hostv dbsy tcdjsq zfbk. (zfrmfl 11802, dkvdmpD 2472, ƒhsb mfufr151bQ)
 76
Jfhfv sistW skmb …âk mfsbv Jfhfv dkdb siskb bf. dbm´mfsbv ovDhD Jfhfv
sJsq k]fv dlbifk rskf. j¶fkflfr (v}) hstb, zfmvf zfbfn ƒhsb mfstsjv jfsY
spkfm. (ˆjdlb kf]v jfsY dosq slJtfm, Jfhfv dbsq) kf]v hfhcyDG snJfsb …id²¿k.
dkdb htstb, `JfW. bhD jvDm lcdbqf sKsj dhlfq rsq zfïfrv nfsK dmdtk rWqf
ipG§À mqlfv ifktf v¢de sJsqsYb zKhf hjvDv Hcbf sofwXk syfsJ slsJsYb hst
zfmfv ufbf sbƒ.' (hcJfvD 5421bQ)
jJsbf ˆj shtf ucest isvv shtfq djYcƒ uceskf bf. Ist …ihfsnƒ jk jk vfdÛ
zdkhfdrk rskf lc ufrfsbv hflwfv. zfècïfr ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `vfnCtcïfr
iv²iv jsqj vfk [cLfkG zh²¿fq zdkhfdrk jvskb. kf]v idvhfv vfsk JfWqfv
mk djYcƒ siskb bf. zfv kfslv shwDvHfo v¢de rskf pshv.« (zfrmfl 2303, dkvdmpD
2360, ƒhsb mfufr 3347bQ)
jJsbf sjht sJucv-ifdb W lcL sJsqƒ dkdb jftfdkifk jvskb. sjfb ifjfsbf
Jfhfv HfsoA uceskf bf. mf zfsqwf (vfdq¶ïfù zfbrf) hstb, `zfmvf lc'mfsn dkbef yf]l
slJkfm. (zfv ˆ dlbÈstfsk) vfnCtcïfr -ˆv OvÈstfsk (ycstfq) zfÈb u¶tk
bf.' (…vWqf hstb,) `zfdm dusÎn jvtfm, zfibfvf jD sJsq dlb zdkhfdrk
jvskb?' dkdb htstb, `lcsef jfstf dudbn sJsq; sJucv W ifdb. ksh vfnCtcïfr -
ˆv djYc zfbnfv iadkshwD dYt, pfslv dYt djYc lcLfstf …ebD W hjvD. kf]vf vfnCtcïfr
-ˆv ubA snÈstf slfrb j'sv ifEfskb. zfv zfmvf kf-ƒ ifb jvkfm.' (hcJfvD
2567, mcndtm 2972bQ)
zsbj nmq dbm´mfsbv ˆmb ðjbf sJucvW siskb bf, pf dlsq dkdb sie iCBG jsvb.
(n} ufsm' 4844bQ)
bc'mfb ƒhsb hfwDv hstb, …mfv ƒhbct JfÙ¶fh (iCshGjfv kctbfq hkGmfsb)
stfsjvf sp lcdbqfv (Lb-n©il) zdLj umf j'sv sIstsY, sn jKf …sïJ j'sv
htstb, `zfdm vfnCtïc fr -sj slsJdY, dkdb nfvf dlb [cLfq Kfjfv Ist sisev …iv
Ucs] j Kfjskb (spb [cLfv u¶ftf jm zbcHh rq). dkdb sie Hvfv ubA dbjxó mfsbv
JcvmfW siskb bf.' (mcndtm 7650-7652bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdq¶ïfù zfbrf) zfsvf hstb, `mcrf©mfl -ˆv idvhfv iv iv lc'dlb
pshv v¢de sie-icsv Jfbdb. zfv ˆƒ zh²¿fq vfnCtcïfr lcdbqf sKsj dhlfq
dbsqsYb.' (hcJfvD 5414, mcndtm 2970bQ)
zfbfn ƒhsb mfstj hstb, `bhD jJsbf (sedht ufkDq …]yc ²¿fsb)ˆv …iv
Jfhfv svsJ zfrfv jsvbdb ˆhQ dkdb mxkcA ipG§À ifktf (yfifdk) v¢de Jfbdb.
(zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,) zfv dkdb jJsbfW Hcbf (sofef) hjvD öys[ slsJbdb.'
(hcJfvD 6450, 6457bQ)
nfrXt ƒhsb nf'l hstb, zfïfr kfzftf pJb sKsj vfnCtcïfr -sj (vnCtv™si)
ifdEsqsYb, kJb sKsj mxkAc ipG§À (yftcsb yftf) mqlf slsJbdb. zk}iv duÎfnf jvf
rt, `vfnCtïc fr -ˆv pcso dj zfibfslv zfef yftfv yftcdb dYt?' dkdb htstb,
`zfïfr kfzftf vfnCtïc fr -sj (vnCtv™si) ifEfsbfv iv sKsj ƒs§Àjft ipG§À dkdb
77
zfef yftfv yftcdb slsJbdb.' kf]sj htf rt, `kfrst zfibfvf zfyftf pshv zfef
djHfsh sJskb?' dkdb htstb, `zfmvf ph disN Icj ] dlkfm, ˆsk pf …Vfv …sV spk,
zfv pf zhdwó Kfjk kf dHdusq JmDv hfbfkfm.' (hcJfvD 5413bQ)
sjfb nmq v¢de sistW kf JfWqfv ubA sjfb hAÓb, kvjfdv hf yfedb siskb bf.
ufshv hstb, ˆjlf bhD dbu idvhfsvv jfsY kvjfdv yfƒstb. kfvf htt,
`zfmfslv dbje dnjGf YfVf zfv djYcƒ sbƒ.' dkdb kfƒ yfƒstb ˆhQ (kf dlsq) zfrfv
jvsk Kfjstb W htsk Kfjstb,
.« 2 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1‫م‬1‫د‬K ‫ א‬:H4 3 2 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1‫م‬1‫د‬K ‫ א‬:H4 3 »
ªdnjGf jkƒ bf ym{jfv kvjfdv. dnjGf jkƒ bf Hft hAÓb.« (mcndtm)
lc ufrfsbv hflwf ldvûv™si jftfdkifk j'sv ldvûv™si ƒrjft kAfo jsvsYb.
zfmXv ƒhsb rfdvN hstb, `vfnCtcïfr kf]v mxkcAjfst sjfb snfbf-v™if ˆhQ sjfb
lfn-lfnD svsJ pfbdb. dkdb sjht kf]v ˆjde nflf vsMv J¤yv svsJ sosYb, pfsk dkdb
nWqfv rskb. zfv svsJ sosYb kf]v pcÝf²Ã W ˆjJà udm. iv§Â …ÙÁ udmdeW dkdb
mcnfdIvslv ubA nflj¶f jsv sosYb.' (hcJfvD 4461bQ)
zfhC hcvlfr hstb, zfsqwf (vfdq¶ïfù zfbrf) zfmfslv nfmsb ˆjde kfdt-slWqf
yflv ˆhQ ˆjde smfef ƒpfv (tcdÌ) shv jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `ˆƒ lc'dev msLAƒ
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv mxkAc rsqsY.' (hcJfvD 3108bQ, mcndtm 2080bQ)
zfbfn hstb, `bhD pshv dhdbmsq kf]v stZrhmG háj svsJdYstb. zfv zfdm
bhD -ˆv jfsY pshv v¢de W (bó rWqf) lcoGámq icvfsbf ydhG dbsq sodY. zfdm kf]sj
(bhD -sj) htsk ðsbdY sp, ªmcrf©mfslv idvhfsvv jfsY sjfb njft hf náAfq ˆj
nf' (iafq zfVfƒ sjdu sjfb JflAh²Â) Kfsj bf.« (zfbfn hstb,) kJb kf]vf smfe
bq Ov (idvhfv) dYstb.' (hcJfvD 2508bQ)
zfsqwf (vfdq¶ïfù zfbrf) hstb, `vfnCtcïfr pJb mxkcAhvB jsvb, kJb kf]v
stZrhmGJfdb dÛw nf' (iafq 75 sjdu) pshv dhdbmsq ˆj ƒqfùlDv dbje háj dYt.'
(hcJfvD 2961bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) zfsvf hstsYb, `vfnCtcïfr -ˆv lcdbqf sKsj dhlfq
sbWqfv nmq zfmfv hfVDsk ˆmb djYc dYt bf, pf sjfb iafBD sJsq uDhb LfvB jvsk
ifsv. ksh zfmfv Osvv kfsj nfmfbA djYc ph dYt, pf sKsj zfdm djYc dlb sJsqdY.
zk}iv pJb zfdm kf mfitfm, kJb swN rsq sot.' (hcJfvD 3097, mcndtm 2973bQ)
dmnjDb W ldvû rsq uDhb-pfib jvfsj dkdb iY¦l jsvdYstb, nckvfQ dkdb kfƒ
sisqdYstb, pf sysqdYstb. dkdb sysqdYstb,
.((3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: @ P3 : 5 ‫" א‬3 : 84 ‫ز‬1 R3 R3 4 f1 O
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬، SQ J3 4 83 R3Sb4 83 5 ‫و‬: ، SQ J3 4 83 R3S3 O
4 5 BHX1 > !‫)) א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! zfmfsj ovDh-ldvla zh²¿fq uDdhk vfJ, ovDh zh²¿fq zfmfv
mxkAc dlsqf ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb ovDhslv lst zfmfv rfwv jsvf. (dkvdmpD 2352, nrDr
ncbfsb ƒhsb mfuf 4126bQ)
zhwA kf ˆƒ ubA sp, lfdvsûAv ixKj mpGflf zfsY. mrfbhD hstsYb,
 78
.(( Yً V@ ;
: : 3 /:4 5‚/3 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: : : S3 ©ْ 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬nK 3 4 V: :7V@ L
3 X: K ‫ א‬: ‫א‬: n5 K B‫@ن‬A))
zKGf{, djqfmskv dlb ovDh mcrfduvoB LbDslv ydïw hYv iCshG ufâfsk iashw jvsh.
(mcndtm 2979bQ)
zbA hBGbf msk 500 hYv iCshG ufâfsk iashw jvsh. (nrDr ƒhsb mfufr 3327bQ)
bsy{ dkdb zHfh-zbeb W db}ökf sKsj zfïfrv jfsY zfwaq iafKGbf jvskb. (dn}
nrDrfr 1445bQ)
zfv (msbv) LbhÙf W zHfhwCbAkf iafKGbf jvskb. (mcndtm, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, n} ufsm' 1275bQ)
ˆƒ dYt k]fv zfVìvrDb, dhtfdnkfrDb, nvt-nflf uDhb. mrfb iaHcv dhbqD lfn
rsq dkdb mfbcsNv mfsU ˆsndYstb mfbcNsj mfbcsNv lfnk¶ sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsq mrfb iaHcv
lfnk¶ hvB jvfv dw[f dlsk. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv jKfhfkGf
mrfbhD dmkHfND dYstb, dmóHfND dYstb. k]fv jKfhkGfq jjGwkf dYt bf. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
4 Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 S4 : 1}4 5 5h!34 O
: 74 83 ْ‫ א‬2 Y5 5? 3dْ n5 !ْ ‫· א‬5 3©5 ƒ« 5 :9SKP 4 !5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5 9
: S3! 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M N ': O
4 : ': 3 5 }
‫ل ' אن‬- (١٥٩) {: 3Pq : b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3*’ !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : b:5 :984 T: : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 @ 84 5 ‫ א‬R3 H4 \1 4 ‫ @و‬: ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5
zKGf{, zfïfrv lqfq kcdm kfslv iadk rsqdYst sjfmt-r™lq; pdl kcdm v™P W
jsEfv-dyÙ rsk, kfrst kfvf skfmfv zfwifw rsk nsv iVk. nckvfQ kcdm kfslvsj
[mf jv ˆhQ kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv. zfv jfsu-jsmG kfslv nfsK ivfmwG jv.
zk}iv kcdm sjfb nQj¬i oarB jvst zfïfrv iadk dbHGv jv. dbÇyq zfïfr
(k]fv …iv) dbHGvwDtslv Hfthfsnb. (‚st ƒmvfb } 159)
ˆƒHfshƒ mrfb zfïfr bhDoBsj bvm jKf htfv zfslw dlsqdYstb. dkdb
dIvzf…sbv jfsY ifEfsbfv nmq mCnf W rfv™b (zftfƒdrmfn nftfm)ˆv …sÜswA
hstdYstb,
*-¦ " (٤٤) { f: ž 4 V: ‫و‬4 5 1 P> :Wb:V: 1*> : !> SQM !> !ً 4 65 1*!5 !5 nK 5 }
zKGf{, skfmvf kfv nfsK bma jKf htsh, rqskf sn …islw oarB jvsh, zKhf Hq
jvsh. (k¶f-rf } 44)
dkdb hstsYb, ufâfk zdbhfpGjfvD jmG rt, …Ùm jKf htf, nftfm iayfv jvf ˆhQ
zâlfb jvf. (k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, n} kfvoDh 2699bQ)
dkdb jKf jm htskb ˆhQ rfnskbW jm. (n} ufsm' 4822bQ)
ˆefƒ rt mrficv¢Nslv dblwGb. k]fvf Hfho©HDv ösv jKf hstb. of©HDpG k]fslv
zpKf jKb W rfnAsj dbq§ÃB jsv. zfv ˆvƒ Ist k]fvf n©mfb W waÝfv ifÛ rb.
i[f§Àsv pfvf jKf shdw hst W jKfq jKfq `rf-rf' j'sv rfsn, kfslv Wub jsm
pfq, kfvf Hct-ëfd§Àv dwjfv rq ˆhQ zsbj nmq zbdLjfv yyGf j'sv zivfLW j'sv
sIst. zfv kf sjfb dy§Àfdhl hf Hfstf mfbcsNv zftfmk bq.
mrfbhD -ˆv jKf dYt sofef sofef ±ió. iaskAj swafkfƒ kf hcUsk ifvk. (n}
79
ufsm' 4826bQ)
dkdb skf bhD. k]fv wvDqk-nQÛÁf§À njt jKfƒ dYt zrD. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٦) {x: b:4 5 "N B 83 ‫و‬1‫( ذ‬٥) x: nK !ْ ‫ א‬1&V3&: 1*': >: (٤) O
: V1 R< O
4 ‫و‬: >?@A : \1 ‫ن‬4 @A (٣) x: X: !ْ‫ א‬74 : 1ZŒ3 S4V: 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, sn mboVf jKfW hst bf. kf skf zrD, pf kfv iadk iakAfslw rq. kfsj
dw[f lfb jsv yvm wdÙÁwftD, (dIdvñf duhaf„t). iaÎfn©iâ, sn (duhaf„t dbu
zfjxdksk) d²¿v rsqdYt. (bfuXm } 3-6)
nfQnfdvj hAfifsvW sp jKf htskb, kfW dYt hfdktmcÙÁ, zw½DtkfmcÙÁ. k]fv jKfq
sjfb z±iókf W uVkf dYt bf. Ist k]fv jKf hcUsk jfsvf zncdhLf rskf bf.
dkdb dYstb dbv[v, dj§Â k]fv HfNfSwtD dYt zdk ym{jfv. k]fv hfyb-HdÌ dYt
zdk nc¦lv. k]fv jØöv dYt zdk mLcv. sn usbAƒ k]fv mcJdb}nxk hfBD …lfvdyÙ
mfbcsNv r™lqmCt ±iwG jvk. diaq-zdiaq njt mfbcsNv mb-iafB mcÊ jvk.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) k]fv hfyb-iÝdkv hBGbf dlsq hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt
skfmfslv mskf ˆƒHfsh rVhV j'sv jKf htskb bf. hvQ dkdb ±ióHfsh sofef sofef jKf
htskb. k]fv jfsY sp hnk, snƒ kf ±mxdk²¿ jvsk ifvk.' (mcJkfnfv wfmfƒt 191bQ)
dkdb ˆmb HdÌmfq jKf htskb, pdl oBbfjfvD yfƒk, kfrst kf oBbf jvsk
ifvk. (hcJfvD 3567, mcndtm 7701bQ)
(Èv¢k¶iCBG) jKfsj dkdb dkb-dkbhfv dIdvsq dIdvsq htskb. pfsk kf r™lqÌm
jvf n©Hh rq. (dkvdmpD 3640, n} ufsm' 4990bQ)
pJb dkdb HfNB dlskb, kJb k]fv syfJ tft rsq spk, k]fv j÷öv …]yc rk ˆhQ
k]fv sÛÁfL shsV spk; spb dkdb stfsjslvsj ˆmb ˆj (wÛ¢)snbf n©isjG nkjG
jvsYb, pf zfuƒ náAf zKhf njfst kfslvsj ˆsn zfÛÁmB jvsh. (mcndtm 2042,
ƒhsb mfufr 45bQ, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm)
jsKfijKsb dkdb sp hfjA iasqfo jvskb, kfv wè z¬i rskf, dj§Â kf rskf
hùtfKGshfLj. dkdb hstsYb,
.«Bx:&V: 3 9
4 :k
3 1 5 @‫ض‬4 5 ‫@ א‬7s3‫א‬:T;
: @] I3 Y5 ': /3 19 I3K H< s3 : :5 S:4/:‫و‬: 3d4 2 ! /3 1U4 #
3 1‫و‬: @H3J5 !ْ‫@ א‬Š83 ‫א‬: ~
: /3 19„43 /1»
zKGf{, hùtfKGshfLj nQd[å hfjAfhtD dlsq zfdm siadvk rsqdY ˆhQ zfkË äfvf
zfdm nfrfpAiafå rsqdY. ˆjlf zfdm dbûfh²¿fq ixdKhDv LbHfàfsvv yfdhȤY zfmfsj
ialfb jvf rq, zfdm kf zfmfv rfsk dbsq vfdJ. (hcJfvD 2977, mcndtm 1196bQ)
mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrv jfsY iafKGbf W lczfskW hùtfKGshfLj nQd[å wèfhtD
hAhrfv jvskb. (zfhC lf†l 1482bQ)
htf hfùtA, dkdb dYstb dmkHfND. dmkfyfv dYt k]fv yfdvdÛj ³hdwóA. zkA§À
zfjNGBDq k]fv hybHdÌ, ncdmó k]fv HfNf, nc±ió, idv¤Yâ W mfduGk k]fv jKfhfkGf. bf
zdk nQd[å, bf dh²Àfdvk. jKf htst msb rq spb mftf sKsj mcÙÁf UvsY.

k]fv ytb
zfïfrv sbj hf¦lfosBv mfdev hcsjv ytfsIvf rq skmb, spmb k]fslv iadkiftj
 80
yfb. dkdb hstsYb,
(٦٣) { 8Q 5 : ‫! א‬K 65 :‫ ن‬K \3 ~: !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 :¦5 ;
: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: Q4 \: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬5 : :‫ ن‬f1 '4 V: :7V3W!> ‫@ א‬7': O
4 B !‫ א‬1‫ د‬:3 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ivm lqfmsqv lfn kfvf, pfvf ixdKhDsk bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv ˆhQ
kfslvsj pJb zÎ hAdÙÁvf nsìfLb jsv, kJb kfvf hst, `nftfm'. (Icvj¶fb } 63)
ksh ˆv zKG svfoD hf lcht G slv mskf LDsv-LDsv ytf bq. hvQ û¢k ytfv nfsK dhbq
Kfjsh ytsb. kfsk zrQjfv Kfjsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٣٧) {?ً ¦K :‫ ل‬:~ 3 !ْ ‫ א‬:šK 4 I: 75!‫و‬: :‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬:‫ @ق‬ž 4 I: 75! 5hB@A OQ : 8: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 @•'4 I: 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, HC-ixsô l©HHsv dhyvB jsvf bf, kcdm skf jJsbfƒ ilHfsv HC-ixô dhlDBG jvsk
ifvsh bf ˆhQ …¤ykfq kcdm jJsbfƒ ihGk-iamfB rsk ifvsh bf. (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 37)
(١٨) {ٍ ž1 5 ‫ ٍل‬b:ž
4 81 B PK 2d+ 3 V1 !5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A O Q : 8: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬R3 @•'4 I: !5 ‫و‬: @‫ س‬SB !3 5gB&;
: 4M # : I1 !5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, mfbcsNv ubA dbsuv oft Ictfsqf bf ˆhQ ixdKhDsk …ÝkHfsh dhyvB jsvf bf;
jfvB zfïfr sjfb …Ýk, zrQjfvDsj Hfthfsnb bf. (tcj¶mfb } 18)
mrfbhD pJb iK r]feskb, kJb û¢k ytskb. (n} ufsm' 4784bQ)
slsJ msb rskf dkdb spb sjfb Tftc ufqof sKsj bfmsYb. (zfrmfl 1300, mcndtm 82,
dkvdmpD 3637, rfsjm 4194bQ)
dkdb nhtslv mskf r]feskb, slJst msb rskf dkdb z[m bb ˆhQ ztnW bb. (n}
ufsm' 5016bQ)
dkdb ytfv nmq Ffsb-hfsm drtskb. dEj spmb utufrfu ifdbv sT…sq drtsk
Kfsj. (‰ 4798bQ)
iK ytf zh²¿fq dkdb jKf htskb bf. wDOa odksk r]feskb. nfmsbv dlsj U]csj
r]feskb. (‰ 4785bQ)
vf²Àfq ytfv nmq dkdb (ziasqfusb) diYb dIsv kfjfskb bf. (‰ 4786bQ)
pfsk ˆjefbf iK ytsk ifsvb ˆhQ o§ÀhA²¿st û¢k si]ZsY spsk ifsvb.
iK ytfv nmq dkdb dbsuv tcdÌv nfmsbv zQswv kctbfq diYsbv zQwsj
shdw …dEsq dbskb. (‰ 4944bQ)

k]fv Ocm
lcƒ ufrfsbv hflwfv Ocsmv ubA hfdtw dYt yfmVfv jHfsv sJucv ofsYv syfjf dlsq
iCBG. (n} ufsm' 4838bQ)
dkdb dhtfnD dYstb bf, bf sHfub-dhtfnD zfv bf dbûf-dhtfnD. spsrkc dkdb dYstb
dhNqfndÙÁrDb. dkdb zftnA, ŠlfnA W zdk dbûfsj ziY¦l jvskb.
dbûf rt mxkAc v Hfƒ. kfƒ dkdb kfv iCshG mvBsj ±mvB jvskb. dhYfbfq wqb
jvfv nmq htskb,
. :O
4 5 ‫و‬: 1U4 81 5 5h'3 4 /3 BHX1 > !5‫א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv bfsm mdv W h]fdy.
Ocm sKsj …sE mrfb iadkiftj zfïfrv iawQnf jsv htskb,
81
.1 4 f1 S2!‫ א‬3*4 !5 @A‫و‬: S:I: 8: 5 8: :&4 /: : :O4 5 c
4 3W!> ‫ א‬3% 1&'4 +
: !ْ 5‫א‬
zKGf{, snƒ zfïfrv nm²À iawQnf dpdb zfmfslvsj mxkcA (dblaf) slWqfv iv uDdhk
jvstb ˆhQ k]fvƒ dlsj zfmfslv icbuDGhb. (hcJfvD 6314, mcndtm 7062bQ)
dhYfbfq ðsq dkdb dbsuv rfk lc'desj ˆjdÛk jsv dkb `j¶ct' isV I]c dlsq pKf
n©Hh nfvf wvDsv hcdtsq dbskb. mfKf, syrfvf W slsrv n©mcJ Hfo sKsj ðv¢ jvskb
ˆhQ ˆv™i dkdb 3 hfv jvskb. (hcJfvD 5017bQ)
dhYfbfq Ffb jfsk ðsq dkdb Ffb rfksj Ffb ofstv dbsy svsJ (3 hfv) htskb,
.5g:‫ د‬:3 1¢: 4 I: :‫م‬4 V: 5h/:‫א‬:W: R4 S3 63 BHX1 ’ !5‫א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! spdlb kcdm skfmfv hf¦lfslvsj icbv¢dÚk jvsh, sndlbjfv
zfpfh sKsj zfmfsj v[f jsvf. (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr, n} ufsm'
4656, 4790bQ)
ˆ YfVf dkdb zbAfbA nCvf W lczfW ifE jvskb.
dbûfdHHCk rst k]fv bfj Ffjk. (n} ufsm' 4789bQ)
dbûfq k]fv y[c lc'de dbûfdhó rskf, dj§Â k]fv r™lq nufo Kfjk. (‰ 4806bQ)
spsrkc k]fv uDhb dYt mrfb iadkiftsjv nfsK sufVf. k]fv iakAfslw W zrDv ubA
k]fsj nhGlf ia²k
 Kfjsk rskf.
vfdÛv ˆjfQsw dkdb kfrfÏcl iVskb. znc²¿ hf ztn rsq iVstW dkdb hnf
zh²¿fq isV dbskb. (‰ 4849bQ)

k]fv ƒd§Àjft
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
U JS !‫( " א‬٥٧) {:‫ ن‬1 L : 4 I1 S:4 !5 @A BH‰1 3U4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬K n5 s3 ‫א‬:‫• ذ‬
ٍ Yْ : 2 PK }
ªiaskAj zfk¹fƒ mvsBv öfl oarB jvsh; zk}iv skfmvf zfmfvƒ dbje
iakAfhdkGk rsh.« (zfbjfhCk } 57)
HKP K 4 :‫و‬: 3U4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬K n5 s3 ‫א‬:‫• ذ‬
ٍ Yْ : 2 PK (٣٤) :‫ون‬1&!3 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 5 B98M ‫‘@ن‬5 5 :&ْ ž
1 !ْ ‫ א‬5h3465 7M8 ٍ f: :!3 S:ْ : L : 8: ‫و‬: }
‫( " א‬٣٥) {:‫ ن‬1 L: 4 I1 S:4 !5 @A‫و‬: ً S:b4 3 @ 4 ž
: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬M fB ! /3
zfdm skfmfv iCshG sjfb mfbcNsj zb§À uDhb lfb jdvdb; nckvfQ skfmfv mxkcA rst
kfvf dj dyvuDhD rsq Kfjsh? uDh mfÛƒ mxkcAv öfl oarB jvsh; zfdm skfmfslvsj
m¦l W Hft äfvf dhswNHfsh ivD[f j'sv Kfdj. zfv zfmfvƒ dbje skfmvf
iakAfhdkGk rsh. (‚dìqf } 34-35)
zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, ˆjlf bhD k]fv HfNsB htstb, ªzfïfr ˆj hf¦lfsj
lcdbqf W k]fv jfsY pf zfsY kfv mfsU ˆJdkqfv dlsqsYb. hf¦lf k]fv jfsY pf zfsY, kf
ˆJdkqfv j'sv dbsqsY.« ˆ jKf ðsb zfhC hfjXv j]flsk tfostb. zfdm msb msb
httfm, ˆ hxÝ j]flsYb sjb? zfïfr skf ˆj hf¦lfsj lcdbqf W k]fv jfsY pf zfsY kfv
mfsU ˆJdkqfv dlsqsYb. zfv hf¦lf k]fv jfsY pf zfsY, kf ˆJdkqfv j'sv dbsqsY.
 82
(kfsk j]flfv jD zfsY?) dj§Â zfïfrv vnCt dYstb snƒ hf¦lf. zfv zfhc hfjXv
dYstb zfmfslv msLA nhsysq hV ÎfbD. (hcJfvD 466bQ)
swN rÏ jsv mlDbfq dIsv mrfbhD pct-rsÏv hfjD jsqj dlb,
mcrfvGfm W nIv mfn (nc²¿ zh²¿fq) zdkhfdrk jsvb. zk}iv
(29sw nIv) dkdb znc²¿ rsq isVb. ˆƒ znc²¿kfv nCybf rq mfKf
hAKf dlsq. hxr±idkhfv (zKhf snfmhfv) …©mct mc'dmbDb
mfqmCbf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)ˆv hfnfq k]fv hAKf ðv¢ rq. mf
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)ˆv hfnfq k]fv ðwa™Nf sbWqfv
zfwfq dkdb zbAfbA ²ÃDslv dbje sKsj zbcmdk sysq sbb. k]fvf
njstƒ k]fsj zbcmdk lfb jsvb. ˆƒ hAKf k]fv mfKfq 12 zKhf 14
dlb zhAfrk Kfsj. ˆƒ zh²¿fq dkdb zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj -sj
bfmfsp ƒmfmdk jvfv zfslw ialfb jsvb. zfhC hfjXv ˆƒ nmq 17
zsÙÁv bfmfp iVfb. ˆj zsÙÁv bfmfp dkdb zfhC hfjsvv ifsw
hsn hsn ƒmfm rsq zflfq jsvb.
ƒd§Àjfstv ˆjdlb iCshG dkdb k]fv lfnslvsj mcdÙÁ lfb jsvb.
öBGmcûf pf dYt nh nfljfr jsv slb. z²ÃÈstf mcndtmslvsj lfb
jsvb. mDvfn htsk dkdb djYcƒ hfjD vfJstb bf.
ƒd§Àjfstv dlb jbAf Ifdkmfsj jfsb jfsb k]fv dhlfq mcrCkG
Odbsq zfnfv jKf ufbfst dkdb sj]sl …Estb. zk}iv k]fsj zdk nk¶v
k]fv nfsK dmdtk ˆhQ dkdb ufâfkD mdrtfslv sbÛD rWqfv jKf
ufbfsbf rst dkdb rfnstb.
rfnfb-ùnfƒbsj jfsY sFsj zflv jsv ycìb dlstb. ²ÃDoBsj sFsj
njtsj bnDrk jvstb.
svfo hxdÝ sisk tfot. Jfqhfsvv dhN JfWqfv iadkdÛÁqfW
ðv¢ rt. dkdb …©mksj nhGswN …islw dlsq hfvhfv htstb,
.(H4 JK 1 ': V4 5 9
4 J5 5 8: 8: ‫و‬: "5 5 #
B !‫" א‬5 5 #
B !‫)א‬
ªbfmfp, bfmfp. zfv skfmfslv zLDb²¿ lfnlfnDoB (nìsá nkjG
rW). (zfrmfl 26483, zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb mfufr 2697bQ iamcJ)
ˆj nmq dkdb dmnWqfj slsJ dmnWqfj jvfv ƒ¤Yf iajfw jvstb.
mf zfsqwf dmnWqfj dbsq dydhsq bvm jsv dlst dkdb dmnWqfj
jvstb.
mxkcA-p§ÃBf ðv¢ rst dkdb ifsw vfJf ifsÛv ifdbsk lcƒ rfk
Fcdhsq dbu mcJmàt mcYsk mcYsk htstb, ªtf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr.
83
mxkcAv vsqsY jdEb p§ÃBf.«
nhswsN dkdb rfk zKhf zfÌct …sÙftb jvstb ˆhQ …iv dlsj
lxdó d²¿v vfJstb. ˆ nmq k]fv sE]fe lcde bsV …Et. ˆ nmq dkdb
htstb, ªsr zfïfr! bhD, dnÜDj, wrDloB ˆhQ n{hAdÙÁoB;
p]fslvsj kcdm icvõxk jsvY kcdm zfmfsj k]fslv ltHcÙÁ jv.
zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW. zfmfv iadk kcdm lqf jv. sr zfïfr! zfmfsj
kcdm ncmrfb hácv nfsK dmdtk jv.« (hcJfvD 4586, mcndtm
6448bQ)
zk}iv swN jKfde dkbhfv icbvfhxdÙ jsv k]fv rfk zhw rsq
tcdesq isV. idvswsN druvD nsbv 11 hsNGv vhD…t zfWqft
mfsnv 12 kfvDJ, smfkfshj 632 dJa±efsèv ucb mfsnv 8 kfvDsJ
snfmhfv k]fv zflwG uDhsbv dyv zhnfb Ose. mxkcAv nmq
k]fv hqn rsqdYt 63 hYv (4 dlb). bhczskv iCshG 40 hYv, bhD
W vnCt zh²¿fq 23 hYv; ˆv msLA 13 hYv mÄfq ˆhQ 10 hYv
mlDbfq jftfdkifk jsvb. ƒd§Àjft jsvb mlDbfq ²ÃD zfsqwfv
hfnfq k]fv hcsj mfKf svsJ.
ˆdlsj k]fv ivstfj omsbv Jhv nfrfhfoB dhw¶fn jvsk ifvdYstb
bf. …mfv hstdYstb, `zfïfrv vnCt zhwAƒ dIsv zfnshb ˆhQ
sp msb jsv sp, dkdb mfvf sosYb, dkdb kfv rfk-if sjse sItshb!'
zfv kvhfdv kcst hstdYstb, `sp htsh sp, dkdb mfvf sosYb,
zfdm kfv olGfb …dVsq slh.'
dj§Â zfhC hfjXv dnÜDj mrfbhD -ˆv syrfvf sKsj jfiV
ndvsq ycìb dlsq j]flsk tfostb. hfƒsv ˆsn jcvzfb mfuDslv zfqfk
ifE jvstb,
8T!‫" א‬ (٣٠) { :‫ ن‬b1M 8B H1XB@A‫و‬: 9
< M 8: 5hB@A}
ªdbÇyq skfmfv mxkcA rsh ˆhQ WslvW mxkcA rsh.«
(pcmfv } 30)
d
4 3n5 S:V 7:8‫و‬: H4 JK /3 n5 4 5 5 : H4 b145 n5 ‫ א‬: b3 6K ‫و‬4 5 :U 8B ‫‘@ن‬5 5 1 1 2 !‫ א‬3*34 65 738 9
4 5;
: &4 65 ‫ <ل‬1 : >?@A &< 'B +
: 81 8: ‫و‬: }
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٤٤) {:7V@ P3 fB !‫ א‬1*’ !‫ א‬c@T~
4 : : ‫و‬: ^Q4 : :*’ !‫ א‬B 1 V: 75 5 3*4 :n3 : : 5 :
ªmcrf©mfl vnCt hAkDk djYc bq, kfv iCshG hù vnCt ok rsq sosY. nckvfQ sn pdl
mfvf pfq zKhf dbrk rq, kfrst dj skfmvf iÇyflinvB jvsh? h²Âk} sp
iÇyflinvB jvsh, sn jJbW zfïfrv djYc [dk jvsk ifvsh bf. zfv zdysvƒ
 84
zfïfr jxkÎ hAdÙÁhoGsj icvõxk jvshb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 144)
dkdb k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv jKf iamfB jsv …mfv -sj iajxdk²¿
jvstb.
zfhC hfjXsvv jKf ðsb njst j]flsk tfostb. mlDbfq sbsm ˆt
nDmfrDb swfsjv Ob zájfv.
mÌthfv mrfbhD -sj k]fv jfiVnr sofnt slWqf rt. k]fsj sofnt
dlsk zQwoarB jvstb, zfêfn, zftD, zfêfsnv lcƒ sYst IfpXt W
jcNfm, mrfbhD -ˆv öfLDbjxk lfn wfjvfb, …nfmfr dhb pfql
W zfWn dhb JfWtD .
sofnstv iv dkbde ƒqfmfbD yflv dlsq k]fsj jfIbfsbf rt.
mksHslv iv k]fv mxkcA²¿st mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)ˆv
ùuvfq hotD jhv Jbb jvf rt. nfrfhfoB lst lst Osv iashw jsv ˆj ˆj
jsv k]fv ufbfpf iVstb. ufbfpf iVstb mdrtf W dwðvfW. mÌthfv
nfvf dlb ufbfpf ytt. idvswsN hcLhfv vfskv mLAHfso k]fv slr
nmfdrk jvf rt.
t[ t[ …©mksj swfsjv nfosv Hfdnsq diaqbhD dyv dlsbv
ubA ƒrjft rsk dhlfq dbsq ncmrfb hácv jfsY si]ZsY sostb.
(mrfbhDv zflwG uDhb û})
zfbfn hstb, pJb bhD shwD znc²¿ rsq iVstb ˆhQ kfsj jó dOsv sItt,
kJb (kf]v jbAf) Ifdkmf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) htstb, `rfq! zfêfufsbv jó!' dkdb
ˆ jKf ðsb htstb, ªzfusjv dlsbv iv skfmfv dikfv sjfb jó rsh bf.«
zk}iv pJb dkdb slrkAfo jvstb, kJb Ifdkmf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) htstb, `rfq
zfêfufb! iaHc pJb k]fsj zfrhfb jvstb, kJb dkdb kf]v Ffsj nfVf dlstb. rfq
zfêfufb! ufâfkct dIvlf…n kf]v hfn²¿fb. rfq zfêfufb! zfmvf duhvDtsj
zfibfv mxkAc -nQhfl slh.' zk}iv pJb kf]sj nmfdL²¿ jvf rt, kJb Ifdkmf
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) (nfrfhfslvsj) htstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv …iv mfde sItsk
dj skfmfslvsj Hfstf tfot?' (hcJfvD 4462bQ)

k]fv mrfb ydvÛ

mrfbhD -ˆv ydvÛ dYt mrfb ydvÛ. spsrkc k]fv ydvÛ dYt jcvzfsbv hf²Àh v™i.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `k]fv ydvÛ sjmb dYt?' …Ùsv
dkdb htstb, `k]fv ydvÛ dYt jcvzfb.' (mcndtm 1773bQ, zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l)
zKGf{, jcvzfsbv dbslGw zbcpfqD k]fv ydvÛ odEk dYt. dkdb jcvzfsbv zfslw
iftb jvskb, dbsNL huGb jvskb ˆhQ kfv zÌDjfv W Lmj zbcnfsv dbsuv uDhb
85
idvyftbf jvskb. jcvzfb jfvDsmv sp ydvsÛv db¦lf jvf rsqsY, dkdb snƒ ydvÛ
sKsj lCsv Kfjskb. zfv sp ydvsÛv iawQnf jvf rsqsY, snƒ ydvsÛ ydvÛhfb dYstb.
zft-j¶vc zfbƒ dYt k]fv n¤ydvÛkfv …{n. kfv hfBDƒ dYt k]fv nc¦lv ydvsÛv ztËfv.
mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD bhD siadvk rsqdYstb nfvf dhw¶ufrfsbv ubA vrmk W
jv¢Bf öv™i. zft-j¶vc zfbW rt nfvf dhw¶ufrfsbv ubA vrmk W jv¢Bf öv™i. ivm
jv¢Bfmq zfïfrv i[ sKsj jv¢Bfqm bhDv …iv zhkDBG rsqdYt jv¢Bfv™i mrfoa§¿
zft-j¶vc zfb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
H4 JK /MB 738 1 s3 v:#/: ‫א‬:W\: RM/B 738 BR!5 @A O
: V3 8: 1Š3 IB5 ': B@A 4 6K X: b:4 :b:L
4 ‫ א‬5?4 !5 ْ‫! א‬K 65 N V: v3/ H@XI3 ْ‚I: H4 !5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: }
‫( " א א‬٢٠٣) {:‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 ‫ ٍم‬4 n5 !q › ': O 4 : ‫و‬: xQ&\1 ‫و‬:
ªkcdm pJb kfslv dbje sjfb dblwGb (mc'dupf) …id²¿k jv bf, kJb kfvf hst,
`kcdm dbsuƒ kf shsY bfW bf sjb?' ht, `zfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje sKsj zfmfsj sp
zrD (iakAfslw) jvf rq, zfdm skf wcLc kfvƒ zbcnvB jdv. ˆ (jcvzfb) skfmfslv
iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj ltDt W dblwGb ˆhQ dhÇhfnD n©ialfsqv ubA iKdbslGw W
lqf.« (zf'vfI } 203)
{: S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !q › ': O
4 : ‫و‬: xQ&\1 ‫و‬: @ ‫و‬1&#
2 !‫ א‬R3 ': !q Y5 3 ‫و‬: H4 JK /MB 7M8 › ƒ5 3 4 8B HKJI4 L : &4 65 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv jfsY skfmfslv iadkiftsjv kvI rsk …islw W
z§Àsvv svfsov dbvfmq ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA iKialwGj W vrmk (jv¢Bf) nmfok
rsqsY.« (ƒ…bcn } 57)
(٦٤) {:‫ ن‬S1 83 —4 V1 ‫ ٍم‬4 n5 !q ً ': O
4 : ‫و‬: xQ&\1 ‫و‬: 3* 3 ْ‫ א‬YK 5 b:;
4 ‫ א‬c3W!> ‫ א‬1HX1 !5 :7M :b1!3 >?@A :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬5h4 5 : S:!ْ T: 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfv iadk oa§¿ ˆ ubAƒ zhkDBG jsvdY; pfsk kfvf sp dhNsq mksHl
jsv, kfslvsj kcdm kf nc±ióHfsh hcdUsq dlsk ifv ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA iK dbslGw W
vrmk öv™i.« (bfrXt } 64)
‰ ±‫( " א‬٢٠) { :‫ ن‬S163 V1 @‫م‬4 n5 !q › ': O 4 : ‫و‬: xQ&\1 ‫و‬: @‫ س‬SB !3 1 s3 # : /: ‫א‬:W\: }
ˆ (jcvzfb) mfbhufdkv ubA nc±ió ltDt ˆhQ dbdÇyk dhw¶fnD n©ialfsqv ubA
drlfqfk W vrmk. (ufdNqfr } 20)
snƒ vrmskv djkfhƒ vrmskv bhD -sj vrmkiCBG ydvsÛ ztQjxk jsvdYt.
kfƒ ªdkdb dYstb njt mfbcsNv yfƒsk shdw ydvÛhfb.« (hcJfvD 6203, mcndtm 5747bQ)
spsrkc dkdb dYstb idviCBG mfbh. mfbhkfv njt nlXÈB k]fv mfsU ˆjdÛk dYt.
njt iawQnbDq ÈsBv zfLfv dYstb dkdb. kfƒskf mrfb zfïfrv nf[A dYt,
H n!‫( " א‬٤) {Hٍ ƒ3 : Zٍ K ; 1 : !5 5hB@A‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm zhwAƒ mrfb ydvsÛv zdLjfvD. (j¸ftfm }4)
ˆmb dhwft ydvÛ, pfv dhwftkfq zkDsk sjfb nxdó si]ZYsk ifsvdb, zfv HdhNAsk
ifvshW bf.
mrfb ydvsÛv mfsUƒ vsqsY idviCBG äDsbv dhLfb. dkdbƒ dYstb äDsbv Lfvj W
hfrj. zfv n¤ydvÛkf snƒ äDsbvƒ djYc zQw.
 86
n¤ydvÛkf yfvde ²Às©Hv …iv iadkdôk. snƒ ²À©H YfVf ncydvsÛv ƒmfvk JfVf
Kfjsk ifsv bf. zfv kf rt, ³LpGwDtkf, ³bdkj idhÛkf, nfrdnjkf W bAfqivfqBkf.
ncydvsÛv pfhkDq zfyvsBv …{nƒ rt ˆƒ yfvde ÈB. (mfumC IfkfWqf ƒhsb kfƒdmqAfr
1/658, mflfdvucn nfdtjDb 2/308)
…ÙÁ yfvde ÈsBvƒ ÈBfLfv dYstb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr .
dkdb (iajdx kokHfsh jKf W jfsu) zw½Dt dYstb bf ˆhQ (ƒ¤YfjxkHfshW) zw½Dt
dYstb bf. dkdb dYstb sjfmt-r™lq; v™P W jsEfv-dyÙ dYstb bf. hfufsv ³r-
ùsïfVjfvD dYstb bf.
dkdb dYstb lqft bhD. zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJskb, nkA jKf htskb,
(zisvv) shfUf hƒsq dlskb, smrmfsbv Jfdkv jvskb ˆhQ dhiloa²sÀ j nfrfpA
jvskb. (hcJfvD 3, mcndtm 422bQ)
dkdb dYstb (v™si-ÈsB) nhsysq nc¦lv mfbcN, nhsysq hV lfkf ˆhQ nhsysq hV
nfrnD. (n} ufsm' 4634bQ)
dkdb dYstb hfzflh mfbcN. r]fdyv nmq dbu mcsJ rfk hf jfiV svsJ dbskb ˆhQ
wè rfîf jvskb. (‰ 4755bQ) rfƒ kctst mcsJ rfk vfJsk htskb. (‰ 426bQ)
dkdb iasqfusb vfoskb. zfv pJb vfoskb kJb k]fv oàslw vfMf rsq …Ek. (‰
4758bQ)
dkdb dYstb bAfsqv jfsY dhbma, dj§Â zbAfsqv jfsY jsEfv.
n¤ydvÛkf ˆjde hAfij dhNq. pfsk Kfsj njt nc¦lv zfyvB. [mfwDtkf,
nrbwDtkf, ³LpGwDtkf, o©HDvkf, bmakf, Hûkf, bAfqivfqBkf, ivfKGivkf,
isvfijfdvkf, nkAhfdlkf, nclPx kf, n{wDtkf ƒkAfdl ƒkAfdl nh djYc k]fv mfsU dYt.
dkdb zÌDjfv W ycdÙÁ HÌ jvskb bf. dkdb nmfsuv mfbcsNv iadk nmfbcHCdk W
nrfbcHCdk vfJskb. pKf iasqfusb nfrfpA-nrspfdokf jvskb.
k]fv mfsU dhNqfndÙÁ dYt bf. NVXdvic (jfm-sÛÁfL-stfH-smfr-ml-mf{npG) k]fv
ydvsÛ ²¿fb ifqdb.
k]fv msLA pw dYt, iaJv hcdÝmÙf dYt, ±ICdkG dYt, …lfvkf dYt, nHAkf dYt,
ivdrSkNBf dYt, dhw¶²k À f dYt ˆhQ zf§Àdvjkf dYt.
k]fv ˆƒ n¤ydvÛkf W zmfdqj hAhrfsv mcÊ rsqƒ hù stfj ƒntfsm lDd[k rsqsY.
äDsbv lf„vf pdl zbcv™i ydvsÛv zdLjfvD rsk ifsv, kfrst äDsbv iadk mfbcN
öfHfdhjHfshƒ zfjxó rsh.
mrfbhD dbsu ydvÛhfb dYstb ˆhQ zbAsj ydvÛhfb rsk zfrhfb W …äcÝ
jsvsYb. spsrkc }
1. nc¦lv ydvÛ nfLfvB mcndtsmv uDhsb ˆhQ dhswNHfsh ˆjub lf„v uDhsb
„mfbD nclPx háb ˆhQ idviCBG „mfsbv idvyq.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(H4 JK s3 : S3 !3 H4 PK 1 : ;
3 H4 PK 1 : ;
3 ‫و‬: nً K ;
1 H4 X1 S1: O
4 5 Q®
: @A : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 ': Pْ 5 )
ªnhfv sysq iCBG „mfblfv hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv ˆhQ skfmfslv msLA
87
nhGfsi[f …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp skfmfslv msLA dbu ²ÃDslv dbje …Ùm.« (zfrmfl
10106, dkvdmpD 1162, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 1232bQ)
2. nc¦lv ydvÛ nmfsuv ubA iasqfubDq W hfÒbDq ˆjde dhNq. mrfbhD nc¦lv
ydvsÛv mfbcNsj Hfstfhfnskb. sp hAdÙÁv ydvÛ nc¦lv rsh, djqfmsk kfv mudtn k]fv
mudtsnv jfYfjfdY rsh.
dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmfslv msLA zfmfv diaqkm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb zh²¿fsb zfmfv
dbjekm hAdÙÁslv djYc snƒ stfj rsh, pfvf skfmfslv msLA ydvsÛ swaôkm. zfv
skfmfslv msLA zfmfv dbje OxBAkm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb zh²¿fsb zfmfv dbje sKsj
lCvkm rsh kfvf; pfvf zbKGj zkAdLj zfshft-kfshft hst W hfsu hsj ˆmb hfyft
W hJfse stfj; pfvf zftnAHsv hf jfqlf jsv sesb-sesb jKf hst. zfv zbcv™i
zrQjfvDvfW.« (dkvdmpD 2019bQ)
3. nc¦lv ydvÛ mfbcNsj nhfv sysq swaô hfdbsq slq.
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªskfmfslv msLA swaô hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv.
(hcJfvD 6029, mcndtm 2321bQ)
4. nc¦lv ydvsÛv zdLjfvD rW---ˆ rt vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dhswN zcbslw. dkdb
mczfp dhb ufhft -sj ƒqfmfb siavBjfst zdnqk j'sv hstdYstb, ª----zfv
stfsjslv nfsK nc¦lv ydvÛ hAhrfv jsvf.« (dkvdmpD 2389bQ)
5. nc¦lv ydvÛ mfbcNsj dyvncJmq ufâfskv zdLhfnD jsv. hvQ nc¦lv ydvÛ
ufâfskv nshGfidv ²¿fb lfb jsv. mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfdm snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA
ufâfskv ifw¶sG lsw ˆj oxsrv pfdmb rd¤Y, sp hAdÙÁ nkAfwaqD rWqf nsÙ¶W kjGfkdjG
huGb jsv. snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA ufâfskv mLAslsw ˆj oxsrv pfdmb rd¤Y, sp
hAdÙÁ …irfnYstW dmKAf hst bf. zfv snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA ufâfskv †L¶sG lsw ˆj oxsrv
pfdmb rd¤Y, sp hAdÙÁ kfv ydvÛsj nc¦lv jsv.« (nrDr zfhc lf†l 4015 bQ, dkvdmpD)
6. nc¦lv ydvÛ zdLjfQwv™si mcndtmsj shsrwXsk iashw jvfsh. zfhc ùvfƒvf
hstb, zdLjfQw sjfbX zfmt mfbcNsj ufâfsk iashw jvfsh ˆ iansÌ zfïfrv vnCt
duÎfdnk rst dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr kfzftfv Hq (ivsrpofvD hf kfj¶Wqf) ˆhQ
n¤ydvÛkf.« (dkvdmpD 2005bQ)
7. nc¦lv ydvsÛv mfbcN äfvf slw zfhfl Kfsj ˆhQ kfv zfqc hxdÝ ifq. mrfbhD
hstsYb, ªzfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf, nc¦lv ydvÛ zhtìb jvf ˆhQ iadkshwDv
nfsK näAhrfv vfJfq slw zfhfl Kfsj ˆhQ zfqc hxdÝ ifq.« (zfrmfl, nrDùt ufsm
3767bQ)
8. djqfmskv dhyfv-mqlfsb dkbde dudbn Wub j'sv ufâfk-ufrfâfm dbLGfdvk
rsh } zfmt, zfmtjfvD W zfmtbfmf. zfmstv msLA mDpfsb nhsysq shdw HfvD rsh
nc¦lv ydvÛ. zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb, ªdjqfmskv dlb mDpfsb (zfmt Wub jvfv
l]fdVifïfq) n¤ydvÛkfv sysq zdLj HfvD zfmt zfv zbA djYc rsh bf. zfv zfïfr
zhwAƒ zw½DtHfND syfqfVsj OxBf jsvb.« (dkvdmpD 2003, ƒhsb drêfb 5664, zfhc lf†l
4799, dntdntfr nrDrfr 876bQ)
 88
9. nfvf nxdóv nhsysq nc¦lv zfmt n¤ydvÛkf. zfïfrv vnCt zfhc pfsvGv nfsK
nf[f{ jsv htstb, ªsr zfhc pfvG! skfmfsj zfdm ˆmb lcde zfyvsBv jKf hst slh bf dj?
pf jfpGs[sÛ zdk nru ˆhQ (sbjDv) mDpfsb zbAfbA zfmstv kctbfq zdLj HfvD?«
zfhc pfvG htstb, `zhwAƒ, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm n¤ydvÛkf W lDOG
bDvhkf zhtìb jv. (zKfG{ skfmfv ydvÛ nc¦lv srfj W kcdm jKf Jchƒ jm hstf.) jfvB,
snƒ nÙfv wiK, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! nfvf nxdó ‰ lcsqv bAfq sjfb zfmtƒ
jsvdb.« (zfhc qAf'tf, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb, dntdntf nrDrfr 1938 bQ)
10. nc¦lv ydvsÛv mcndtm bIt bfmfpD W bIt svfpflfsvv nWqfh tfH jvsk
Kfsj. mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzhwAƒ n¤ydvÛhfb hAdÙÁ kfv nc¦lv ydvsÛv hst (bIt)
bfmfpD W svfpflfsvv mpGflfq si]ZsY Kfsj.« (zfrmfl 25013, zfhC lf†l 4800bQ)
11. nc¦lv ydvÛ bv W bfvDsj nc¦lv W nc¦lvD hfbfq. nc¦lv nfufv nhsysq nc¦lv W
lfmD ztQjfv rt nc¦lv ydvÛ. mrfbhD hstb, ªkcdm nc¦lv ydvÛ W lDOG bDvhkf
zhtìb jv. snƒ nÙfv jnm p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, nfvf nxdó …ÙÁ lcƒ
(ztQjfsvv) mk zbA djYc dlsq snZ¦lpGmdàk rsk ifsv bf.« (nrDùt ufsm 4048bQ)
12. nc¦lv ydvÛ mrfb zfïfrv jfsY diaq. mrfbhD hstb, ªzfïfrv dbje
nhsysq diaqkm hf¦lf rt snƒ, pfv ydvÛ nc¦lv.« (k¶fhfvfbD, nrDùt ufsm 179bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªdbÇyq zfïfr nc¦lv, dkdb snZ¦lpGsj iY¦l jsvb. dkdb nc…¤y
ydvÛsj Hfthfsnb ˆhQ OxBf jsvb sbfQvf ydvÛsj.« (nrDùt ufsm 1743bQ)
13. nc¦lv ydvsÛv mfbcN mrfbhD -ˆv jfsYW diaq. dkdb hstb, ªzfmfv dbje
nhsysq diaq hAdÙÁ kfvf, skfmfslv msLA pfslv ydvÛ nhsysq nc¦lv. pfvf zmfdqj
(nru-nvt), pfvf n©iaDdkv hásb nrsu zfhÝ rq. zfv skfmfslv msLA nhsysq
zdiaq hAdÙÁ kfvf, pfvf ycotsJfdv jsv, hácslv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf Oefq ˆhQ dbslGfN
stfsjslv mfsU slfN J]sc u shVfq.« (k¶fhfvfbD, n} ufsm' 1231bQ)
14. nc¦lv ydvÛ rt mfbcsNv nhGswaô n©il. mrfbhD hstb, ªmfbcNsj nc¦lv
ydvsÛv yfƒsk swaô (n©il) zbA djYc lfb jvf rqdb.« (k¶fhfvfbD, nrDùt ufsm 1977bQ)
15. ydvÛ nc¦lv pfv, snƒ nhsysq hV jctDb W mpGflfhfb hAdÙÁ. ƒhsb zfêfn
hstb, ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq mpGflfn©iâ hAdÙÁ sn, sp nhsysq shwD ivsrpofv.
zfv nhsysq …¤y hQwDq stfj sn, pfv ydvÛ nhsysq nc¦lv.« (zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 694bQ)
16. nc¦lv ydvÛ iaskAj mcndtsmv jfmA, iaskAj lf„v ztQjfv, iaskAj mc'dmsbv
iafKGbf. mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrv jfsY snƒ jfmbf jvskb, nc¦lv ydvÛ sysq iafKGbf
jvskb,
R4 SM: 1 @ #
4 V: 5? X: ^:M : R4 SM: 4 @ ,
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬،:945 >?@A X: S3 : O
45 c
4 3&X4 V: 5? @‫ق‬5 ;
4 5 ‫@ א‬7: O
4 5 R4 3 3&\4 ‫א‬:‫)و‬
.(:94 5 >?@A X: ^:M :
zKGf{, nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iadk zfmfsj iK slJfW, spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj…
nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iadk iK slJfsk ifsv bf. m¦l ydvÛsj zfmfv dbje rsk lCsv vfJ,
spsrkc kcdm YfVf zbA sj… m¦l ydvÛsj zfmfv dbje sKsj lCv jvsk ifsv bf. (mcndtm
89
771, zfhC zfWqfbfr, zfhC lf†l, bfnf„, ƒhsb drêfb, zfrmfl, wfsIqD, k¶fhfvfbD)
.R4 n3 K;
1 74 M + : 5 R4 n3ْ;
: :9S4B O: ': P5 BHX1 ’!5‫א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv nxdósj spmb nc¦lv jsvY, skmdb zfmfv ydvÛsjW nc¦lv
jv. (zfrmfl, n} ufsm'1307bQ)
.3 ‫א‬:‫دو‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3 ‫א‬: \4 5 ‫א‬:‫' ل@ و‬: 4 5 ‫א‬:‫ق@ و‬5 ;4 5 ‫ א‬3U‫א‬: J5 S4 81 74 83 5h/3 1‫ذ‬4 1 5 R4 M@A BHX1 ’ !5‫א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! zhwAƒ zfdm skfmfv dbje lcÇydvÛ, zn{ jmG, jciahdx Ù ˆhQ jdEb
svfonmCr sKsj zfwaq yfd¤Y. (n} dkvdmpD 3/184, n} ufsm' 1298bQ)
nc¦lvkm ydvsÛv iCBk G f lfb jvfv ubAƒ zfmfslv mrfbhD ˆ ixdKhDv hcsj
siadvkƒ rsqdYstb. (zfrmfl 8952, rfsjm 4221, hfƒrfjD 20571, hfpXpfv 8949bQ)
spsrkc ydvÛ YfVf mfbcN `mfbcN' rsk ifsv bf. ydvÛ YfVf nmfu nHA W ncwDt rsk
ifsv bf. zfvhD jdh nkAƒ hstsYb,
‫ ذ\ א‬HX6 ; 9 \‫ ذ‬1H\1 ‫ ‘ن‬... 9 n/ 8 ‫ א ; ق‬H8 ‫¼ א‬A
zKGf{, ufdkv ²¿fdqk¶ Kfsj pfh{ ydvÛ zhdwó Kfsj. kfslv ydvÛ bó rsq sost
kfvfW L¶Qn rsq pfq.

k]fv dbje diaqkm

mrfbhD -ˆv dbje nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq vM dYt nhcu. (n} ufsm' 4623bQ)
k]fv dbje nhsysq shdw iY¦lbDq jfiV dYt vdMb sFfvfjfef ƒqfmfbD `drhfvfr'
bfmj ncdkv yflv. (n} ufsm' 4624bQ)
sifwfsjv msLA dkdb `jfmDn' shdw iY¦l jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4625bQ)
jfmDn rt ifsqv vtfv zLGfQw ipG§À tìf ufmf.
snƒ äDblfvD W ƒhflk k]fv dbje nhsysq diaq dYt, spef kfv zfmtjfvD tfofkfv
j'sv Kfsj. (n} ufsm' 4626bQ)
snƒ (Lvsbv) zfmt k]fv zdLj iY¦lbDq dYt, sp zfmt dbvhd¤YâHfsh jsv pfWqf
rq; pdlW kf idvmfsB jm rq.« (n} ufsm' 4630bQ)
snƒ (Lvsbv) zfmt mrfb zfïfrvW zdLj iY¦lbDq. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 1242bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv dbje nhsysq iY¦lbDq ifbDq dYt dmEf W Efàf. (n} ufsm' 4627,
4980bQ)
rqskf kf dYt Uvbfv ifdb. zKhf kf dYt mLc, sJucv hf djwdmw dmdwak wvhk.
zfv dbÇyq kf öfs²¿Av is[ hV …ijfvD.
rfdÖ-Wqftf sofwXskv msLA Yfot-hjvDv EAfsMv sofwXk shdw iY¦l jvskb. (n}
ufsm' 4629bQ)
spsrkc kf nfLfvBk} bvm W ncöflc rq.
dkdb rfstfqf W mLc Hfstfhfnskb. (n} ufsm' 4919bQ)
nhduv msLA dkdb jlc hf tf… Hfstfhfnskb. (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr, n}
ufsm' 4920, 4986bQ)
 90
JfslAv msLA dkdb mfJb W sJucv Hfstfhfnskb. (zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb mfufr, n} ufsm'
4921bQ)
svfpf vfJfv ubA k]fv dbje nhsysq diaq mfn dYt wf'hfb mfn. (n} ufsm' 4628bQ)
kfƒ dkdb wf'hfb mfsnv zdLjfQw dlbÈdtsk svfpf vfJskb. mf zfsqwf (vf})
hstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj vmpfb YfVf zbA sjfb mfn n©iCBG svfpf vfJsk
sldJdb. zfv wf'hfb mfn YfVf zbA sjfb mfsnv zdLjfQw dlbÈdtsk k]fsj svfpf
vfJsk sldJ db.' (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 1969, mcndtm 1156bQ)
…nfmfr dhb pfql jkxj G hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfibfsj wf'hfb mfsn pk svfpf vfJsk sldJ kk zbA sjfb mfsn skf vfJsk
sldJ bf, (ˆv vrnA jD)?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªˆef skf snƒ mfn, sp mfn nìsá
mfbcN …lfnDb, pf rt vuh W vmpfsbv mfsU. zfv ˆef skf snƒ mfn; pfsk dhw¶
ufrfsbv iadkiftsjv dbje zfmtnmCr siw jvf rq. kfƒ zfdm iY¦l jdv sp, zfmfv
svfpf vfJf zh²¿fq zfmfv zfmt (zfïfrv dbje) siw jvf srfj. (bfnf„, n} kfvoDh
1008bQ)
iajdx kjmG (ianfa h-ifqJfbf kAfo) jvfv nmq dkdb stfj y[cv z§Àvfst spskb.
zfv z§Àvfstv ubA nhsysq shdw iY¦l jvskb sjfb …]yc ufqof hf slWqft zKhf
sJucv UfsVv zfVftsj. (n} ufsm' 4631bQ)
k]fv dbje nhsysq shdw diaq jKf dYt nhsysq shdw nkA jKf. (zfrmfl, hcJfvD, n} ufsm' 169bQ)
k]fv nQnfv uDhsb njt mfbcsNv yfƒsk diaqkm dYstb lcƒub. mdrtfslv msLA ²ÃD
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) ˆhQ icv¢Nslv msLA k]fv w¶ðv zfhc hfjXv dnÜDj .
(hcJfvD, mcndtm, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, n} ufsm' 177bQ)
nfmfduj uDhsb nhsysq diaqkm mfbcN dYstb ˆjub öfLDbjxk lfn pfql dhb
rfsvNfr. (zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 1348bQ) ˆhQ k]fv icÛ …nfmfr dhb pfql.
(zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, n} ufsm' 924bQ, hcJfvD, mcndtm, n} ufsm' 1416bQ)
mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhDv u¦mHCdm v™si iY¦l jsvdYstb mÄfsj. kfƒ k]fv iajdx kok
Hfstfhfnf dYt dbu mfkxHCdmv iadk. dj§Â k]fsj k]fv öufdkv stfsjvf snJfb sKsj
druvk jvsk hfLA jsvdYt. kfƒ dkdb sn HCdmsj nsìfLb j'sv ˆj nmq hstdYstb,
.(19L
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4 K RM5 !54 !5 ‫و‬: B L
: ‫و‬: TB : 3*>!‫! א‬5@A 3*>!‫ض@ א‬4 5 2dO
: 5 ‫و‬: 3*>!‫ض@ א‬4 5 1 4ž
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zKGf{, zfïfrv jnm! dbÇyq kcdm zfïfrv nhsysq swaô HCdm ˆhQ zfïfrv njt
HCdmv yfƒsk zfmfv dbje nhsysq diaq HCdm. zfmfsj pdl skfmfv mLA sKsj hdr°jfv
jvf bf rk, kfrst zfdm shv rkfm bf. (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, n}
ufsm' 7089bQ)
mrfbhD ðHnCyj jKf W hfjA iY¦l jvskb. zfv sjfb djYcsj zðH hst
LfvBf jvskb bf. (ƒhsb mfufr, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 4985bQ)
dkdb htskb,
.(K S:: +
: !ْ ‫ א‬K ': 3J5 !ْ ‫ א‬1]!3 #
B !‫ א‬1‫‚ْل‬Y5 !ْ ‫ א‬R3S1~
3 4 V1 ‫و‬: "5 : : ¦3 !5 ‫و‬: x:‫&و‬4 : !5 )
ªsvfsov (dbuö) nQÛÁmB W zðH t[B htsk djYcƒ sbƒ. ksh ðH t[B mfbf
91
zfmfv dbje iY¦lbDq. zfv kf rt, …Ùm hfjA.« (hcJfvD 5756, mcndtm 5933bQ)
dkdb ðH jKf sKsj ðH LfvBf dbskb. sjfb zðH jKf sKsj zðH LfvBfsj msb
²¿fb dlskb bf. snƒ lv¢b dkdb Hfstf W ðHnc¦lv bfm iY¦l jvskb. (zfrmfl, n}
ufsm' 4904bQ)
sjfb iasqfusb shv rst dkdb `sr vfswl! sr bfuDr!' Ffj ðbsk Hfstfhfnskb.
(dkvdmpD, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 4978bQ)
`vfswl' mfsb nciKiafå, nlfyfvD, ncmdkn©iâ. nckvfQ ˆƒ Ffj ðsb dkdb dbu jsmG
nciKiafå, nlfyfvD hf ncmdkn©iâ rshb hst zfofm ðH LfvBf jvskb.
zfv `bfuDr' mfsb nIt hf …ÙDBG. nckvfQ ˆƒ Ffj ðsb dkdb dbu jsmG nIt
W …ÙDBG rshb hst zfofm ðH LfvBf sifNB jvskb. ˆv Ist k]fv ‰ jsmG
msbfspfdokf W ‰jfd§Àjkf hxdÝ tfH jvk.
i[f§Àsv Jfvfi hf zðHËv sjfb bfm hf Ffj ðsb msb sjfb zðH LfvBf ²¿fb
dlskb bf. …lfrvBöv™i `sItc' Ffj hf bfm ðsb sjfb jfsu `sIt' rWqfv zðH
LfvBf msb zfbskb bf.
dkdb sjfb nIsv shv rst hxr±idkhfv shv rsk iY¦l jvskb. (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 2949bQ)
zdHpfsb wÛ¢v mcJfmcJD rsk iY¦l jvskb nCpG Ttfv nmq. (k¶fhfvfbD, n} ufsm' 4987bQ)
nm²À jfsu (spmb) WpC jvf, mfKf zf]yVfsbf W uckf ivf (iaHdx k nm²À Hft) jfsu
Ffb dlj sKsj ðv¢ jvf iY¦l jvskb.' (zfrmfl, hcJfvD 168, mcndtm 640bQ)
dkdb sJucv smfYfv F]fef iY¦l jvskb. zsbj nmq kf k]fv rfsk slJf spk.
(zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 4922, 4984bQ)
dkdb r]fdVv ktfdb hf swNfQswv JflA iY¦l jvskb. (zfrmfl, dkvdmpDv wfmfdqt,
rfsjm, n} ufsm' 4979bQ)
spsrkc r]fdVsk stso Kfjf JfslAv öfl shdw. zKhf dkdb …isvv Jfhfv idvhfsvv
njtsj W smrmfbsj dlsq dhbsqv nfsK dbsu r]fdVv dbsyv zhdwófQw Jfhfv sJskb.
pfsk sn Jfhfv hduGk bf rq ˆhQ sItf bf pfq.
ufshv dhb zfècïfr hstb, ªbhD zfÌct W si½esj sy]se sJsk
zfslw jsvsYb ˆhQ hstsYb, ªskfmvf ufb bf sp, sjfb Jfhfsv hjGk
zfsY.« (zfrmfl 13809, mcndtm 2033, ƒhsb mfufr 3270bQ) ˆj hBGbfq
zfsY sp, swsNv Jfhfsv hjGk dbdrk zfsY. (zfhC zfWqfbfr, bfnf„,
ƒhsb drêfb 1343bQ, ƒvWqf…t oftDt 7/32)
dkdb ncöi´ slJsk Hfstfhfnskb. (zfrmfl, bfnf„, n} ufsm' 4982bQ)
dkdb ncodá Hfstfhfnskb. (zfhC lf†l, rfsjm, n} ufsm' 4983bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
.("3 5 #
B !‫ א‬R3 R3S4 : "K B 6K 9
4 53 L
1 ‫و‬: 1d Œq !‫א‬:‫ و‬1 : SM!‫ א‬HP :4 1‫ د‬74 83 BR!5 @A :dMO
1)
ªskfmfslv lcdbqfv msLA zfmfv jfsY ²ÃD W sJfwhcsj diaq jvf rsqsY. zfv bfmfpsj
jvf rsqsY zfmfv y[cwDktkf.« (zfrmfl, bfnf„, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 3124bQ)
iaskAj ncoá k]fsj mcÊ jvk. (nrDùt ufsm' 4983bQ)
 92
nchfn mfbcsNv mb W mousj dn´Ê jsv. nchfn zfsb r™lsq zfb¦l. nchfn idhÛkfv
dwsvfbfm. kfƒ dkdb kf iY¦l jvskb. zbA sjfb …isTZjb dkdb sjfb jfvsB oarB
bf jvstW ncodáv …isTZjb vÜ jvskb bf. (nrDùt ufsm' 4852bQ)
dkdb ncoá jfsEv sL]fqf äfvf dbsuv sthfn-sifwfj ncodák jvskb. kfsk sbA sjfb
ncodá dmdwak jvskb bf. jJsbf hf kfv …iv jiGCv YdVsq dlskb. (nrDùt ufsm'
4948bQ)
ˆmdbsk k]fv mchfvj slr dYt ncoámq. k]fv slrdb}nxk Ofm dYt swaô zfkv.
(mcndtm 6201bQ)
dkdb zfomb jvst snZvsHƒ sybf W ufbf spk, dkdb zfnsYb. (nrDùt ufsm'
4988bQ)
iv§Â dkdb dbsuv jfY sKsj sjfb lcoGá ifWqf pfq, ˆef zfslZ iY¦l jvskb bf.
(nrDùt ufsm' 4955bQ)
dkdb pqbfshv jfsY mLc ifb jvskb. nik´D zfsqwf W rfInf htstb, `zfidb
mfofIDv sJsqsYb. zfibfv mcJ sKsj mfofIDsvv oá ifWqf pfs¤Y.'
nfmfbA zdiaq oápcÙÁ ˆj iajfv ofsYv zfEfsj `mfofIDv' htf rq. kf ðsb dkdb
mLc JfWqf rfvfm jvstb. pfv Ist nCvf kfrvDm zhkDBG rsqdYt. (hcJfvD 5268, mcndtm
3751bQ)
mrfbhD z¬i wsè dh²Àv zKGshfLj lczf iY¦l jvskb. ˆ YfVf zbA (tìf lczf)
huGb jvskb. (nrDùt ufsm' 4949bQ)
snƒ lczfv nfmfbA wsè lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv jtAfB jfmbf jvsk dkdb iY¦l
jvskb. ˆƒ ubA k]fv zdLjfQw s[sÛ lczf dYt,
{@ SB!‫ א‬:$‫א‬:W: S:63 ‫و‬: ً S:: O
: "3 : ;
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: : 4 2&!‫ א‬R3 S:I3 - S:/B: }
zKGf{, sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmfslv ƒrjfst jtAfB lfb jv ˆhQ ivjfstW
jtAfB lfb jv. zfv zfmfslvsj slfpJ-p§ÃBf sKsj v[f jv. (hcJfvD 6389, mcndtm
7016bQ)

k]fv dbje OxBAkm

k]fv dbje nhsysq OxBAkm ydvÛ dYt dmKAfhfdlkf. (n} ufsm' 4618bQ)
spsrkc dmKAfhfdlkfv zijfdvkf zsbj. hf²Àshv zitfi j'sv sp dmKAf jKf hst,
kfv jKf dhw¶fn jvf mcwdjt rsq isV.
nfLfvBk} dmKAfhfdlkf mcbfdIjDv t[B. kfƒ k]fv dbje sn ydvÛ dYt nhfv sysq
OxBA W uObA. snƒ jfvsBƒ dkdb idvhfsvv jfsvf msLA sn ydvÛ t[A jvst kfv iadk
³hmcJ Kfjskb, pk[B bf sn kWhf jvfv jKf iajfw jvk. (‰ 4675bQ)
zbcv™i k]fv dbje nhsysq OxdBk hfjA dYt (znfv hf zw½Dt) jdhkf. (dntdntfr
nrDrfr 3095bQ)
dkdb dYstb dbv[v bhD. dkdb jdhW dYstb bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
•--V " (٦٩) { < 3 82 ‫ <ن‬-4 6K ‫و‬: < Pْ 3‫@ >! ذ‬A : \1 ‫ن‬4 @A 1*!5 R3“:S:V 8: ‫و‬: : 4 fM !‫ א‬1• S:'4 > : 8: ‫و‬: }
93
zKGf{, zfdm kfsj (vnCtsj) jdhkf dwJfƒdb ˆhQ ˆ kfv is[ swfHbDqW bq. ˆ
skf sjht ˆj …islw ˆhQ nc±ió jcvzfb. (ƒqfnDb } 69)
dkdb htskb, ªjdhkf l¶fvf …lv iCBG jvfv sysq i]Cu l¶fvf …lv iCBG jvf
zdLj …Ùm.« (hcJfvD 6154, mcndtm2258bQ)
ksh dkdb ˆ jKfW htskb, ªzhwAƒ djYc jdhkfq drjmk (Îfb) zfsY.« (hcJfvD 6145bQ)
kfƒ jJsbf jJsbf jdhslv jdhkf dkdb jKfv I]fsj ifEW jvskb. jdh rfnXnfbsj
jdhkf htsk …äcÝ jvskb.
hfyft W hJfse stfj k]fv dbje nhfv yfƒsk shdw OxBA dYt. dkdb hstsYb,
BR!5 @A H4 JK 3 “: /4 5 74 83 B‫@ن‬A‫ و‬،ً 65 ;
4 5 H4 JK S:3 O
: 5 3 8: : n3 !‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: ً 3~
4 8: RMS83 H4 JK /3 : 6ْ ‫و‬: BR!5 @A H4 JK MO
: 5 74 83 B‫ن‬A)
.(:‫ ن‬nK X@ 4 Y5 b:K ‫א‬:‫ و‬:‫ ن‬6K M&f: b:K ‫א‬:‫ و‬:‫ون‬1 ‰: „B!‫ א‬5 8: : n3 !‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: RMS83 H4 PK 3&: /4 5 ‫و‬:
ªskfmfslv msLA zfmfv diaqkm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb zh²¿fsb zfmfv dbjekm
hAdÙÁslv djYc snƒ stfj rsh, pfvf skfmfslv msLA ydvsÛ swaôkm. zfv skfmfslv msLA
zfmfv dbje OxBAkm ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb zh²¿fsb zfmfv dbje sKsj lCvkm rsh kfvf,
pfvf zbKGj zkAdLj zfshft-kfshft hst W hfsu hsj, ˆmb hfyft W hJfse stfj;
pfvf zftnAHsv hf jfqlf j'sv sesb-sesb jKf hst. zfv zbcv™i zrQjfvDvfW.«
(dkvdmpD, n} ufsm' 2197bQ)

k]fv mLAi§¿f
mrfbhD njt jfsu mLAi§¿f zhtìb jvskb. ƒntfsmv nvt iK rt zdkvÓb W
zhÎfv mfsU mLAhkGD iK. kfƒ k]fv ƒhflskv uDhsbW mLAi§¿f idvlxó rq.
dkb hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv ²ÃDslv hfnfq ˆstb. kf]vf bhD -ˆv ƒhflk n©isjG
duÎfnf jvstb. zk}iv pJb kf]slvsj ˆv nQhfl slWqf rt, kJb kf]vf spb kf
z¬i msb jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfmfslv nsÌ bhD -ˆv kctbf sjfKfq? kf]v skf
zfsov W isvv nm²À sofbfr smfyb j'sv slWqf rsqsY. (snsrkc zfmfslv kf]v sysq
shwD ƒhflk jvf iasqfub).' nckvfQ k]fslv msLA ˆjub htstb, `zfdm nfvf uDhb
vfkHv bfmfp iVh.' däkDqub htstb, `zfdm nfvf uDhb svfpf vfJh, jJsbf svfpf
YfVh bf.' kxkDqub htstb, `zfdm bfvD sKsj lCsv Kfjh, uDhbHv dhsqƒ jvh bf.'
(zfv ˆjub htstb, `zfdm sofwXkƒ Jfh bf.') zk}iv vfnCtcïfr k]fslv dbje
ˆstb ˆhQ htstb,
1&6K 4 5 ‫و‬: Rq ,
: K ‫و‬: 1 Œ3 ْ K ‫و‬: 1‫ م‬,
1 5 RMSJ3 !5 1*!5 H4 PK n5 I4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !3 H4 PK f: ;
4 5‚!5 RM@A 3*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬8: 5 ‫א‬:WP5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬:WP5 H4 b1ْ 6K :7V3W!> ‫ א‬H4 b14 5 )
.(RMS83 :•4 5 5 R3bSB1 74 : :d©3 : 74 ': 5 : : SM!‫ א‬1‫وج‬B T: I:5 ‫و‬:
ªskfmvf ˆƒ ˆƒ jKf hstY? swfsbf! zfïfrv jnm! zfdm skfmfslv sysq shwD
zfïfrsj Hq jdv, kfv Hq z§Àsv skfmfslv sysq shwD vfdJ. dj§Â zfdm (bIt) svfpf
vfdJ ˆhQ svfpf sYsVW dlƒ, bfmfp idV ˆhQ dblafW pfƒ. zfv bfvDslv dhsqW jdv.
nckvfQ sp zfmfv ncâk rsk mcJ dIdvsq sbsh, sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (hcJfvD 5063,
 94
mcndtm 3469bQ)
dkdb jÕv iK zhtìb jvfv hAfifsv …©mksj nkjG j'sv hstsYb,
.« :‫ ن‬1 Œq S:b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬5h5 \: »
ªäDsbv hAfifsv dbsuv i[ sKsj jsEfvkf zhtìbjfvDvf L¶Qn rsq sot. (zKhf
L¶Qn srfj.)« ˆ jKf dkdb dkbhfv htstb. (mcndtm 6955bQ)
dkdb hstb,
3O
: ‫و‬4 B !‫א‬:‫" و‬3 ‫و‬: &4 “: !ْ /3 ‫ א‬S1 3 b:4 ‫א‬:‫وא و‬1 f3 /45 ‫و‬: ‫ א‬/1@ 65 ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1‫د‬M&: 5 1*:5 ©5 !> @A &< O
: 5 7: VM&!‫ א‬B‫ د‬f: V1 74 !5 ‫و‬: < 4 V1 :7VM&!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
.(3 ~
: !ْ 2&!‫ א‬74 83 N R4 : ‫و‬:
ªdbÇyq äDb nru. sp hAdÙÁ zsrkcj äDbsj jdEb hfbfsh, kfv …iv äDb uqD rsq
pfsh. (zKGf{ mfbcN ivfduk rsq zfmt sYsV slsh.) nckvfQ skfmvf snfuf isK Kfj
ˆhQ (ƒhflsk) mLAmi§¿f zhtìb jv. skfmvf ncnQhfl bfW. zfv njft-náAf W
vfskv djYc zQsw ƒhflk jvfv mfLAsm nfrfpA bfW.« (hcJfvD 39bQ)
hcJfvDv zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªskfmvf nvt isK Kfsjf, mLAmi§¿f zhtìb jv,
njft-náAfq yt (ƒhflk jv) ˆhQ vfskv djYc zQsw. zfv skfmvf mLAmi§¿f
zhtìb jv, mLAmi§¿f zhtìb jv, kfrstƒ o§ÀhA²¿st si]ZsY pfsh.« (‰ 6463bQ)
dkdb zbAsj sjfb ƒhflsk hfVfhfdV jvsk slJst iadkhfl ufbfskb. ˆjlf dkdb
mndusl iashw jvstb. rEf{ slJstb sp, ˆjde ldV lcƒ ²Àsýv mfsU tìf j'sv hf]Lf
vsqsY. kfviv dkdb htstb, ªˆƒ ldVef jD (ubA)«? stfsjvf htt, `ˆde pqbfshv
ldV. pJb dkdb (bfmfp iVsk iVsk) j½f§À rsq isVb, kJb ˆefv nsÌ Ucst pfb!'
bhD htstb,
.« &4 1 nْ : ْ 5 : b:5 ‫و‬4 5 : 3 P5 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 1*¦5 f: : H4 PK 1&O
:5M#
: 1 !3 1• rO
1 »
ªˆdesj Jcst sIt. skfmfslv msLA (sp bfmfp iVsh) kfv …dyk, sn spb msb ±ICdkG
Kfjfjfst bfmfp isV. kfviv sn pJb j½f§À rsq iVsh, kJb sn spb hsn (zKhf ðsq)
pfq.« (hcJfvD 1150, mcndtm 1867bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆjlf bhD k]fv dbje sostb, kJb ˆj
mdrtf k]fv jfsY (hsn) dYt. dkdb htstb, ªˆde sj?« zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)
htstb, `zmcj mdrtf, sp iaycv bfmfp isV.' dkdb htstb, ªKfsmf! skfmvf nfLAmk
zfmt jv. zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr j¾f§À rb bf, pk[B bf skfmvf j´f§À rsq iV.« zfv
snƒ zfmt k]fv dbje diaqkm dYt, spef kfv zfmtjfvD tfofkfv j'sv Kfsj. (hcJfvD
43, mcndtm 1870bQ)
dkdb zivsj dbsq bfmfp iVfv s[sÛW mLAi§¿fv sJqft vfJskb. ufshv ƒhsb
nfmcvfr hstb, `zfdm bhD -ˆv nsÌ bfmfp iVkfm. nckvfQ kf]v bfmfpW mLAm
rk ˆhQ kf]v Jc{hfW mLAm rk.' (mcndtm 2040bQ)
dkdb mczfp sj ˆwfv ƒmfmdksk tìf dj¶vfzfk iVsk dbsNL jsv hstdYstb,
ªkcdm dj stfjslvsj dIkbfq sItsk yfW sr mczfp? kcdm pJb ƒmfmdk jvsh, kJb
`zwXwfmdn zp¶rc f-rf, nfdêdrnmf vfdêjft zf'tf, ƒj¶vf dhndm vfdêjf, zïfƒdt ƒpf
95
qAfowf' ifE jv. jfvB skfmfv iÇyfsk hxÝ, lcht G W iasqfusb …lXoDa h mfbcN bfmfp
isV Kfsj. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, bfnf„, dmwjfk 833 bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ mrfbhD -sj htt, `zfïfrv jnm, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm zmcj
(ƒmfsmv) tìf bfmfspv ubA Iusvv ufmfzfsk rfdpv rsk ifdv bf.' zfhC mfn†l
hstb, zfdm sndlbjfv mk zfïfrv vnCt -sj zbA dlb …islsw zk shwD
vfofd¦hk rsk sldJdb. zk}iv dkdb htstb,
.«3 L
: +
: !ْ‫א א‬:‫وذ‬: :} 3 B !‫א‬:‫• و‬
: 3J5 !ْ ‫ א‬3*s3‫א‬: ‫و‬: 74 83 B‫‘@ن‬5 T4 L
3 1ْ5 :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬B‫م‬5 H4 JK V25‚5 :7V@ Yq S:81 H4 JK S483 B‫@ن‬A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V:»
ªskfmfslv msLA ˆmbW stfj zfsY, sp (bfmfpDslv msb) dhkxòf nxdó jsv. nckvfQ
skfmfslv msLA sp stfsjslv ƒmfmdk jvsh, sn spb bfmfp rfîf jsv isV. jfvB
skfmfv iÇyfsk hxÝ, lcht G W iasqfusb …lXoDa h mfbcN bfmfp isV Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 702,
mcndtm 1072, dmwjfk 1132bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb slJstb, ˆj hxÝ kfv lcƒ sYstv j]fsL Hv jsv (mÄfv dlsj) sr]se
pfs¤Y. duÎfnf jvstb, ªWv hAfifv jD?« htt, `ifsq sr]se jf'hf-Ov pfWqfv dbqk
jsvsY!' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr kfzftfv ˆmb iafBsj jó slWqfv sjfb iasqfub
sbƒ. Wsr hxÝ! kcdm nWqfv rsqƒ mÄf pfW. jfvB, zfïfr kcdm W skfmfv bpsvv iadk
mcJfsi[D bb.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 3431-3432bQ)
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªsr stfj njt! skfmvf äDsbv hAfifsv zdkvÓb jvf sKsj
lCsv Kfsjf. jfvB äDsbv hAfifsv zdkvÓbƒ skfmfslv iChhG kGD stfjslvsj L¶Qn
jsvsY.« (zfrmfl, ƒhsb mfufr, rfsjm iamcJ)
ƒntfm rt mLAi§¿D LmG. ˆ LsmGv mfbcN LfdmGjkfq jÕv rq bf. spmb sn kfsk
dwdKtW rq bf. yvm W bvmi§¿fv mfsU rq kfv ytfv iK.
iChhG kGD ƒqfùlD LsmG dYt yvm jÕvkf W jsEfvkf. zfv dJa±efb LsmG dYt lfv¢b
dwdKtkf. dj§Â ƒntfm LsmGv bhD ialwGb jvstb …Hsqv mLAhkGD iK. mrfb zfïfr
snƒ bhDv ˆj ÈB hBGbfq hstsYb,
{H4 X@ 4 5 : 9
4 : P5 R3b!> ‫ א‬:‫ل‬5 ©ْ 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 \1 : ,
4 @A H4 X1 S4 : 1Š: V: ‫و‬: :¢s3 v:ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1HX@ 4 5 : 1‫م‬M +
: V1 ‫و‬: 3U :M Œ> !‫ א‬1HX1 !5 2 +
3 V1 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ---sp kfslv ubA idhÛ h²ÂnmCrsj ShL jsv W zidhÛ h²ÂnmCrsj zShL
jsv ˆhQ sp kfslv Hfv W háb pf kfslv …iv dYt (kf rsk) kfslvsj mcÙÁ jsv.
(zf'vfI } 157)
nfmfduj uDhsb snƒ mLAi§¿f ƒntfmD wvDqsk idvlxó rq. htfhfùtA, ƒntfsm
dhhfr W Ov-nQnfv jvf dhsLq kKf wkGnfsis[ dbdlGó nQJAj uDhb-ndÌbD vfJf ³hL.
dhhfr zShL jsvdb, zfhfv zdbdlGó nQJAj ik´D zKhf …iik´D oarsBW zbcmdk slqdb.
ƒ¤Yfmskf dhhfr-dhs¤Yl ³hL jsvdb, zfhfv znrbDq lf©iskAv dhhfr-dhs¤Ylsj
ˆsjhfsv zShL sOfNBf jsvdb. kfskW vsqsY mLAi§¿f. pKfKG ils[i oarB jsv nh
swsN `ƒmfsuGd¦n soe' hAhrfv jvf pfq.
zKGbDdkskW ƒntfsmv iK mLAhkGD. lcƒ ifsw zfsY i]cduhfl W nfmAhfl.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
 96
(١٤٣) {‫א‬Q& X@ : H4 JK 4 5 : 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬JK V: ‫و‬: @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬5 : ‫א‬:&X: 1 ْ‫ א‬1 JK b:!q Œً : ‫و‬: ً 8B K H4 PK S:ْ : L
: 5h!3:WP5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ˆHfsh zfdm skfmfslvsj ˆj mLAi§¿D ufdkv™si iadkdôk jsvdY, pfsk skfmvf
mfbh ufdkv ubA nf[Döv™i rsk ifv ˆhQ vnCt skfmfslv ubA nf[Döv™i rsh.
zfv snƒ mLAi§¿D ufdkv nlGfv rstb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv zfmfbklfvD
k]fv nkAhfdlkf W zfmfbklfvDv ubA dkdb ˆkƒ iadnÝ W iawQnbDq dYstb sp,
mÄfv stfsj k]fsj `zft-zfmDb' hstƒ zfrhfb jvk. spsrkc dkdb dYstb kfslv
msLA nhfv yfƒsk dbHGvspfoA zfmfbklfv W dhw¶²À.
stfsjvf k]fv jfsY dbsuslv zfmfbk vfJk. ˆmbdj sp vfsk dkdb mÄf kAfo jvsk
hfLA rsqsYb, sn vfskW k]fv jfsY djYc stfsjv zfmfbk od¤Yk dYt, pf dkdb zftD
-sj kfv mfdtjoBsj iakAiGB jvsk zfslw j'sv druvk jsvsYb.
hfbD mfstsjv jfsIvslvsj sL]fjf dlsq dbwfoa²À jsv zk}iv kfslvsj rkAf jsv
ˆhQ kfslv nm²À mft-n©il dbsq dmnv sKsj mcoDvf dhb swf'hfr mcndtm rsq mlDbfq
ˆsn mrfbhD -ˆv dJlmsk siw jvstb. mrfbhD k]fsj htstb, `skfmfv ƒntfm
zfmvf smsb dbtfm. dj§Â skfmfv ˆ mft, kf rt dJqfbskv mft. zfmvf kf oarB
jvsk ifdv bf.' (dnqfv¢ zftfdmb bchftf 3/21)
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªskfmfv jfsY sp zfmfbk svsJsY, kf kfsj iakAiGB jv ˆhQ
sp skfmfv sJqfbk jsvsY, kfv sJqfbk jsvf bf.« (zfhC lf†l 3534, dkvdmpD 1264,
dntdntfr nrDrfr 423bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv kvI sKsj zfmfv ubA Yqde dhNsqv ufdmb rW,
zfdm skfmfslv ubA shsrsñv ufdmb rsq pfh; jKf htst nkA ht, zÌDjfv jvst kf
iftb jv, skfmfslv dbjse sjfb zfmfbk vfJf rst kf zflfq jv, skfmfslv
spZbfsÌv drIfpk jv, skfmfslv y[csj (zShL djYc slJf rsk) zhbk vfJ, zfv
skfmfslv rfksj (zbAfq W zkAfyfv jvf rsk) nQpk vfJ.« (zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb
Jcpfƒmfr, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1470 bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt iafq Jckhfsk htskb, ªpfv zfmfbklfvD sbƒ, kfv „mfb sbƒ.
zfv sp zÌDjfv iftb jsv bf, kfv äDb sbƒ.« (zfrmfl, hfƒrfjD, nrDùt ufsm' 7179bQ)
mrfbhD dbsuv stZrhmG ˆj ƒqfùlDv jfsY háj svsJdYstb. dkdb kfv jfsY
30 nf' (iafq 75 sjdu) ph Lfv yfƒst sn hstdYt, `mcrf©mfl zfmfv mft rvI jvsk
yfq!' ˆ jKf wcsb mrfbhD hstdYstb, ªdmKAf hstsY sn.
.( ' !‫ | א‬8 ‫ | א ض‬8 R A %‫)وא‬
zfïfrv jnm! zhwAƒ zfdm rtfm ixdKhDsk zfmfbklfv, zfnmfsbW zfmfbklfv.
sn pdl zfmfv jfsY zfmfbk vfsJ, zfdm kf zhwAƒ zflfq jsv slh. skfmvf zfmfv
stZrhmG dbsq pfW kfv dbje.«
97
zk}iv dkdb …ÙÁ hmG háj svsJ kfv jfY sKsj 75 sjdu ph nQnfsv Jvy jvfv
ubA Lfv dbsqdYstb. zk}iv mxkcAjft zhdL zfv ‰ hmG YfVfsk ifsvbdb. n¶fïfïfù
zftfƒdr zzftf zf-dtdr znfïfm. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 981, mcnf¶ âfI zf}
vfpXpfj 14091 iamcJ, ƒvWqf…t oftDt 1393, n} ufsm' 1337bQ û})
zbA ˆj hBGbfq Lfsv jfiV ÛÁq jvfv jKf zfsY. dkdb ƒqfùlDv ubA hstdYstb,
.3 : 8: !3 H4 \1 ‫א‬:‫אد‬:‫ و‬3*’ !3 H4 \1 n5 I4 ‫ א‬74 83 RM‫ א‬H: 3: &4 65 ،:$:WP5
ªdmKAf hstsY. sn zhwAƒ ufsb, zfdm stfsjslv msLA nhfv yfƒsk shdw zfïfrsj
Hq jdv ˆhQ kfslv msLA nhfv yfƒsk shdw zfmfbk zflfq jdv.« (dkvdmpD 1213bQ)
sn pcsoW vDdk dYt, sjfb lCk rkAf jvf pfsh bf. mrf zivfsLv isvW mrfbhD
sn vDdkv n©mfb jsvsYb.
dmKAf bhczskv lfhDlfv mcnfƒdtmfr jfpXpfshv lc'ub lCk mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY ˆst
dkdb kfslvsj htstb, ªskfmvf dj nf[A lfW sp, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt?«
kfvf htt, `zfmvf nf[A dld¤Y sp, mcnfƒdtmfr zfïfrv vnCt!'
vfnCtïc fr htstb,
.( ': JK b1ْ b:n5 !5 !ً 1 : ً I3 65 19S4PK 4 !5 3*31 1 ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 19S4 8: -)
zKGf{, zfïfr W k]fv vnCtosBv iadk „mfb ˆsbdY. pdl zfdm sjfb lCk rkAf
jvkfm, kfrst zfdm skfmfslvsj rkAf jvkfm. (zfrmfl 3708, 3761, 3837, lfsvmD
2503, dmwjfk 3984bQ)

k]fv d²¿vmdkk¶ W LDsvflfÙkf

ˆjub nIt lf„v …dyk, dbsuv zfyvsB d²¿vmkD W LDsvflfÙ rWqf. sjfb dhNsq
yeX-utdl Ifqnftf bf sbWqf. Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNqsj Hfstfv™si dhshj-dhshybf jsv ivJ
jvf. hcsU-ncsU ils[i sbWqf. rVhsV bf rWqf. ùeX jsv sjfb m§ÀhA bf jvf.
ƒkAfdl.
…lfrvB öv™i …nfmf dhb pfsql -ˆv zfyvB. dkdb hstb, vfnCtcïfr
zfmfslvsj ucrfƒbf sofsÛv ˆj wfJf ùvfjfv dlsj ifEfstb. zk}iv zfmvf njft
njft ifdbv UbGfv dbje kfslv …iv zfÛÁmB jvtfm. (pcÝ ytfjftDb) zfdm W
ˆjub zfbnfvD kfslv ˆj hAdÙÁv diYsb LfWqf jvtfm. pJb zfmvf kfsj dOsv
sIttfm, kJb sn `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' htt. zfbnfvD sKsm sostb, dj§Â zfdm kfsj
zfmfv hïm dlsq sos]K dltfm. ˆmbdj swN ipG§À kfsj rkAf j'sv sIttfm. zk}iv
pJb zfmvf mlDbf siZ]Ytfm, kJb bhD -ˆv dbje ˆ Jhv siZ]Yt. dkdb htstb,
ªsr …nfmf! kfv `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' htfv isvW dj kcdm kfsj rkAf jsvY?« zfdm
httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! sn iafB hf]yfsbfv ubA ˆv™i jsvsY.' icbvfq dkdb htstb,
ªtf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' htfv ivW kcdm kfsj Jcb jsvY?« dkdb zfmfv nfmsb ˆ jKf
hfvhfv htsk Kfjstb. ˆmbdj zfdm zfjf£[f jvtfm sp, pdl zfusjv iCshG zfdm
ƒntfm oarB bf jvkfm (zKGf{, ˆJb zfdm mcntmfb rkfm). (hcJfvD 6872, mcndtm 288bQ)
 98
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, vnCt htstb, ªsn dj `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' hstsY ˆhQ
kcdm kfsj rkAf jsvY?« zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! sn sjhtmfÛ zs²Ãv Hsq
ˆƒ (jstmf) hstsY.' dkdb htstb, ªkcdm dj kfv z§Àv dysv slsJdYst sp, sn ˆ
(jstmf) z§Àv sKsj hstdYt dj bf?« zk}iv ˆ jKf icb} icb} htsk Kfjstb.
ˆmbdj zfdm zfjf£[f jvtfm sp, pdl zfdm zfu mcntmfb rkfm.
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb htstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb pJb `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr'
zfnsh, kJb kcdm jD jvsh?« …nfmf htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb zfmfv ubA
(zfïfrv jfsY) [mf iafKGbf jv¢b.' dkdb htstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb pJb `tf ƒtfrf
ƒïfïfr' zfnsh, kJb kcdm jD jvsh?« (dkdb hfvQhfv ˆ jKf htsk Kfjstb ˆhQ)
ˆv sysq shwD djYc htstb bf, ªdjqfmskv dlb pJb `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' zfnsh, kJb
kcdm jD jvsh?« (mcndtm 289bQ)
mrfbhD wÛ¢v hAfifsvW dy§ÀfHfhbf jvskb. pcsÝv iCshG LDvkf zhtìb jvskb.
Iuv ipG§À zsi[f jsv slJskb, sn ubil sKsj zfpfb-L¶db kKf ƒntfsmv sjfb
iakDj swfbf hf slJf pfs¤Y dj bf. (hcJfvD 610bQ)
pcsÝv iCshGW dkdb LDsvflfÙkf iasqfo jvskb. dkdb iaskAj zdHpfsbv snbfidksj
pcsÝv iCshG jfsIvslv dbje 3de dhNq siw jvsk zfslw dlsqsYb }-
1. sö¤Yfq ƒntfm oarB.
2. dudpqf ialfb.
3. pcÝ.
LDvkfv nfsK lfWqfk siw bf jsv ùeX jsv pcÝ ðv¢ jvskb bf. (mcndtm 1365bQ,
pflct mfzfl 3/100)
…lfrvB öv™i bfmfspv jKf htf pfq. sn s[sÛW mrfbhD LDvkf W d²¿vkfv
Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
.(‫' א‬2 I35‚5 H4 JK I: 5 8: ‫و‬: ‫ א‬r#
: 5 H4 b1Pْ : ‫د‬4 5 ': 5 K S: J3 B !‫ א‬H4 JK 4 5: :‫ ن‬f1 '4 I: \: I1ْ‫و‬: :‫ن‬4 : 4 I: \: I1ْ‚I: 5 5 "K 5#
B !‫ א‬9
4 ': 63 K ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A)
ªpJb bfmfspv ubA ƒj¶fmk (kfjhDv) slWqf rq, kJb skfmvf kfsk slZsV zfnsh
bf, hvQ skfmvf ofýDpG-nrjfsv öfHfdhjv™si sr]se zfnsh. kfviv pkef bfmfp
(ƒmfsmv nfsK) ifsh, isV sbsh. zfv pkef Ycse pfsh, kkef (dbsu) iCCvB jsv
sbsh.« (hcJfvD 908, mcndtm 1389bQ)
.(3 S: J3 B ! /3 H4 JK 4 5 : ‫و‬: R3‫و‬4 : I: bBO : ‫ א‬81 nK I: 5 5 "K 5 #B !‫ א‬9 4 ': 63 K ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A )
zKGf{, bfmfspv ƒjfmk rsq sost skfmvf zfmfsj bf slJf ipG§À l]fVfsh bf. zfv
skfmvf LDvkf zhtìb jv. (hcJfvD 638, mcndtm 1395bQ)
LDsvflfÙkfv mfrfk¹A zfsY hstƒ mrfb zfïfr kf Hfstfhfsnb. zfïfrv vnCt
zfèct jfƒn sofsÛv nlGfv zfwfÏXsj hstdYstb,
.« "K :5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬1Hْ + 3 !ْ ‫ א‬1*> !‫' א‬: X1 2+
3 V1 @74 b:5 #
4;: 5h 3 B‫@ن‬A »
ªskfmfv msLA ˆmb lcde ÈB vsqsY pf zfïfr iY¦l jsvb; ndròckf W LDvkf.«
(mcndtm 126bQ)
99
sjfb jfsu kfVfùVf jvf …dyk bq, …dyk bq sjfb jfsuv IttfsH utdlhfdu.
ðH idvBfsmv ubA nclDOG zsi[f jvsk rq. zfsJvfskv jfu YfVf iaskAj jfsuv
ubA LDvkf W d²¿vkf zhtìb jvf hfÒbDq. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.("3 : ;
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ªzfsJvfskv jmG YfVf LDsvflfÙ iaskAj jsmG jtAfBjv.« (zfhC lf†l 4810, rfsjm,
hfƒrfj¶D, n} kfvoDh 3356bQ)
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ªdbÇyq nc¦lv shwHCNf, LDsvflfÙkf ˆhQ mLAmi§¿f bhczskv ydêw Hfsov ˆjde
Hfo.« (dkvdmpD 2010bQ)
mrfbhD dYstb LDsvflfÙ mfbcN. zfv sn ÈB zfnst mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj
dhswN lfb. dkdb hstsYb,
.(@‫ ن‬Œ4 fB !‫ א‬:783 K 5 ~
: : !‫ وא‬%‫ א‬738 RM5‚bB!‫) א‬
zKGf{, LDsvflfÙkf zfïfrv i[ sKsj. zfv wDOakf wqkfsbv i[ sKsj. (dn} nrDrfr
1795bQ)
zfïfrv [mftfsHv ubA wDOakf hfÒbDq. dj§Â ifdKGh sjfb jfsu kfVfùVf jvf
smfseƒ hfÒbDq bq. sp jfsu dhshj-dhshybf bf jsv ils[i jvf rq, kfsk znfItA,
tfÒbf W rfqi²Àfdb zfnsk ifsv. kfƒ mrfb iadkiftj „mfblfvslvsj nkjG jsv
hstsYb,
:94 !5 :‫م‬5 B !‫ א‬1HJK 4 !5 @A n5 !ْ 5 74 ': !3 ْ‫! א‬K nK I: 5?‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬S1B :b:5 3*’ !‫ @ א‬3: R3 H4 b1/4 : k
: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
ْ‫ א‬S1B :b:5 H4 JK 4 5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬B7': 5 1 4 65 7M8 H1bSKP 5h!3:WP5 ›"•
: „3 P5 1H3 “: 8: 3*’ !‫ א‬:&S3 5 : 42&!‫" א‬3 : +
: !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ض‬: : :‫“ ن‬1 b:4 I: SQ83 —4 81
S!‫( " א‬٩٤) {‫א‬Q•3 ; : :‫ ن‬K ': 4 I: ': /3 :‫ ن‬P5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf pJb zfïfrv isK shv rsh, kJb kl§À j'sv bfW. zfv
sj… skfmfslvsj nftfm ufbfst kfsj hstf bf sp, `kcdm dhÇhfnD bW.' ƒruDhsbv
n©il yfƒst zfïfrv jfsY obDmk (zbfqfntHA n©il) iaycv vsqsY. skfmvf skf
iCshG ˆv™iƒ dYst, zk}iv zfïfr skfmfslv iadk zbcora jsvsYb. nckvfQ skfmvf
ivD[f j'sv bfW. skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr sn dhNsq ndhswN zhdrk.« (dbnf } 94)
H4 b1ْ : 5 8: 5 : ‫ א‬+
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4 b15 N !5 X: ~
: /3 8Q 4 65 ‫ א‬1 #
3 I1 ‫ن‬5 ‫ א‬S1B :b:5 N‚:S:/3 Z< 3 5 H4 PK L
: ‫@ن‬A ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
U‫( " א(~ א‬٦) {: 83 3‫ د‬:
ªsr dhw¶fdnoB! pdl sjfb ififyfvD skfmfslv dbje sjfb hfkGf zfbqb jsv, kfrst
skfmvf kf ivD[f j'sv slJsh; pfsk zÎkfhwk} skfmvf sjfb n©ialfqsj zfOfk bf
jv ˆhQ isv skfmfslv jxkjsmGv ubA zbckå bf rW.« (ùucvfk } 6)

k]fv vdnjkf
mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr äDb-lcdbqfv nlGfv dYstb. k]fsj stfsjvf nmDr jvk. ksh
 100
dkdb njt nmq o©HDv zh²¿fq Kfjskb, kf bq. hvQ dkdb zsbj nmq nÌDslv nfsK
vdnjkf jvskb. vdnjkf jvskb dwðslv nfsKW.
zfhc …mfƒv bfmj ˆj dwwcv sJtbf ifJD (bcofƒv) mfvf sost sn lc}dJk rq. kf
slsJ dkdb kfsj sJfw jvfv ubA mõvf jsv htstb, `ˆƒ sp zfhC …mfƒv! jD jsvsY
bcofƒv?« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4884bQ)
Jfslm zfbfnsj dkdb jJsbf jJsbf vdnjkf j'sv Ffjskb, ªWsr lc' jfb-
Wqftf!« (zfrmfl 12164, zfhC lf†l 5004, dkvdmpD 1992bQ)
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fv dbje nWqfvD …e yfƒst dkdb htstb, ªskfmfsj
ˆjde …ebDv hf¤yf slh.« stfjde htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! hf¤yf dbsq jD jvh?'
dkdb htstb, ª…ebD YfVf dj …e zfv sj… u¦m slq?« (zKGf{ nh …eƒ skf kfv
mfsqv hf¤yf.) (zfhclf†l, dkvdmpD, dmwjfk 4886bQ)
ˆjlf ˆj hxÝf ˆsn htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb lczf jsv dlb, pfsk zfïfr
zfmfsj ufâfsk iashw jvfb.' dkdb mõvf jsv htstb, `hxÝfvf ufâfsk iashw jvsh
bf.« kf wcsb hxÝf j]flsk j]flsk ia²¿fb jvt. dkdb nfrfhfslvsj htstb, ªWsj hst
lfW sp, hxÝfh²¿fq W ufâfsk pfsh bf.« (hvQ sn pchkD rsq pfsh.) (wfmfsqtck dkvdmpD,
vfpDb, ofqfkct mfvfm, dmwjfk 4888bQ)
ˆj mv¢hfnD nrfhDv bfm dYt pfsrv dhb rfvfm. dkdb mv¢-zÑt sKsj mrfbhD -
ˆv ubA (ItmCt, wfj-ndç) …isTZjb dbsq zfnskb. zfv k]fv mv¢ ˆtfjfq
pfWqfv nmq dkdbW k]fsj wrsvv sjfb sjfb dudbn ia²k  jsv k]fv …isTZjsbv
dhdbmq ialfb jvskb. ˆjlf dkdb k]fsj htstb,
.(1•‫و‬1 k
3 O
: 17+
4 :‫و‬: S:b1V: 3‫ د‬/: ‫א‬Q \3 ‫א‬:‫ ز‬B‫@ن‬A)
ªpfsrv zfmfslv shlc„b. (zKhf pfsrv zfmfslvsj mv¢-zÑt sKsj …irfv ˆsb
slq.) zfv zfmvf kfv wùsv nfKD. (zKhf zfmvf kfsj zfmfslv wrsvv iasqfubDq
dudbn …irfv dlƒ.)«
pfsrvsj mrfbhD Hfstfhfnskb. (Ist k]fv nfsK vdnjkf jvskb.) pfsrv
slJsk dYstb jcwDa . ˆjlf dkdb dbsuv iBA dhdÛÁ jvdYstb. ˆmkfh²¿fq bhD k]fv
jfsY ˆsn k]fv diYb sKsj hostv dbsy rfk ifv j'sv udvsq Lvstb. (zKhf k]fv
diYb sKsj udVsq Lsv k]fv syfJ lcdesk rfk vfJstb.) pfsk dkdb slJsk bf ifb.
pfsrv htstb, `sj? zfmfsj sYsV dlb.'
zk}iv dkdb t[A jvstb hf hcUsk ifvstb, dkdb bhD . nckvfQ dbsuv diEsj
HfstfHfsh k]fv (zifv sn´rmq) hcsj tfdosq dlstb.
bhD htstb, ªsj softfm djbsh?«
pfsrv htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! zfmfsj n²Àf ifshb!'
bhD htstb, ªdj§Â kcdm zfïfrv jfsY mCtAhfb.« (zfrmfl 12648, zfhC qAftf
3456, wfvùn ncâfr, mcJkfnfv wfmfsqt 204, dmwjfk 4889bQ)
dkdb rfdn-mufj W vdnjkf jvskb, dj§Â kfsk jf…sj kc¤Y-kfd¤YtA jvskb bf.
kfYfVf dkdb nlf-nhGlf jKfq jKfq vdnjkf jvskb bf. jfvB kfsk dyÙ-dhjxdk Ose,
101
dhsäN nxdó rq, mfbcsNv of©HDpG W hAdÙÁ-mpGflf dhbó rsq pfq. zfv vdnjkfq dkdb
sjfb nmq zhf²Àh hf znkA djYc htskb bf.
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb zfmfslv nfsK
vdnjkf jsvb?' dkdb htstb,
.( n« O
: !> @A 1‫ ل‬6K 5 5? RM@A)
ª(r]Af, dj§Â) zfdm nkA hf hf²Àh YfVf zbA djYc hdt bf.« (hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl
265, zfrmfl 8481, dkvdmpD 1990, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfj¶D iamcJ)
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv rfdn
zfbd¦lk rst mfbcsNv iajdx k zbcpfqD dkdb rfnskb.
dj§Â zÕrfdn rfnskb bf. dkdb zdLjfQw nmq mcydj rfdn rfnskb. nwsè Jch
jmƒ rfnskb.
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) hstb, `bhD -sj jJsbf ˆmb …¤y rfnA rfnsk
sldJdb, pfsk kf]v zftduH slJsk ifWqf spk. zfnst dkdb mcydj rfnskb.' (hcJfvD
4828, mcndtm 2123bQ)
ufvDv dhb zfècïfr hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt pJbƒ zfmfsj slJskb, kJbƒ
mcydj rfnskb.' (hcJfvD 3035, mcndtm 6519bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb ˆmb rfnskb, pfsk k]fv syfqfstv l]fk slJf spk.
mf zfsqwf pJb sYfe dYstb, kJb jfisVv ³kdv ickct dbsq sJtf jvskb. kfv
msLA ˆjde sOfVf dYt, pfv lc'de Ffbf dYt. bhD kf slsJ htstb, `ˆef jD?'
zfsqwf htstb, `sOfVf.'
dkdb htstb, `sOfVfv zfhfv lc'de Ffbf?' zfsqwf htstb, `zfidb dj ðsbdb,
nctfƒmfb (bhD)v Ffbf-Wqftf sOfVf dYt?'
ˆ jKf ðsb bhD rfnstb ˆhQ sn rfdnsk k]fv syfqfstv l]fk slJf sot. (zfhc
lf†l 4934bQ)
dkdb rfn-mcJ iY¦l jvskb ˆhQ mfbcsNv ubA rfnmcJ rsk …äcÝ jvskb. dkdb
htskb, ªiaskAj jtAfBmCtj jmGƒ rt nljfr (jvfv nmkctA). zfv skfmfv Hfsqv
nfsK skfmfv rfdnmcsJ nf[f{ jvf ˆhQ skfmfv hftdkv nfrfspA (jcsqf sKsj ifdb kcst)
skfmfv Hfsqv ifÛ (jtnD ƒkAfdl) Hsv slWqfW jtAfBmCtj (n{)jsmGv
ipGfqHcÙÁ.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD, rfsjm)
dkdb zfvW hstb,
.« Zٍ ْ ¦5 N*L
4 : /3 5g ;
: 5 n5 ْ I: ‫ن‬4 5 4 !5 ‫و‬: ^Q4 : 3 ‫و‬1 4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:783 B‫ن‬: n3 +
4 I: 5? »
ªjtAfBmCtj sjfb jmGsjƒ zhÎf jsvf bf, pdlW kf skfmfv Hfsqv nfsK rfdnmcsJ
nf[f{ jsvW rq.« (mcndtm 6857bQ)
zhwA dkdb zdk rfdn iY¦l jvskb bf. dkdb htskb,
 102
.(:dْ n5 !ْ ‫ א‬19 '3 I1 3h+
3 B !‫" א‬5 : „4 P5 B‫‘@ن‬5 5h+
3 B !‫ א‬4 „3 Jْ I1 !5 ‫و‬: )
ªskfmvf shwD shwD srsnf bf. jfvB, shwD rfnfv Ist r™lq mfvf pfq.« (zfrmfl,
ƒhsb mfufr 4193, nrDùt ufsm' 7435bQ)

k]fv jfâf
mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr mfbh-iajdx kv †sLG¶ dYstb bf. lc}J-jó sist jfâf jvf
mfbcsNv ˆj zfshomq iajdx k. zfv ˆ jKf dEj bq sp, `jfâf skf mdrtfslv iajdx k.
icv¢Nslv ubA kf swfHbDq bq.' zKhf `ˆ bfvDnctH öHfh jficv¢Nslv.'
jfâf lcht G hAdÙÁsk¶v idvyq bq. jfâf rt bvm r™lsqv mrfbcHhkfv ltDt.
mv¢HCdmv mskf dblGq r™lsq lqf-mfqfv jfâfv hxdó hsNG bf.
lqfv bhD j]flskb. mfbh-iajdx kv mfqfv h]fLb zfOfkiafå rstƒ dkdb j]flskb.
mrfb iadkiftsjv Hsq j]flskb. …©mskv ubA j]flskb. ksh k]fv dYt wèrDb
jfâf, dYt iahrmfb zwa¢v hfdvLfvf. jJsbf jJsbf k]fv hcj sKsj r]fdVsk Ice§À ifdbv
mskf jfâfv z±Ice zfWqfu swfbf spskf.
zfècïfr ƒhsb dwJXJDv hstb, ˆjlf zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dbje ˆtfm
ˆmkfh²¿fq sp, dkdb bfmfp iVdYstb ˆhQ kf]v hcj sKsj …bfsb d²¿k rf]dVv (Ice§À
ifdbv) mk jfâfv z±Ice svft swfbf pfd¤Yt. (zfrmfl, zfhC lf…l, dkvdmpD)
jJsbf jJsbf dkdb ˆk jfâf j]flskb, kfsk mfde ipG§À dHsu spk! …hfƒl dhb
…mfƒv hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj httfm, zfïfrv vnCt
-ˆv uDhsb nhsysq hV zfÇypGmq Oebf jD slsJsYb, kf zfmfslvsj htcb. dkdb
[Bjft bDvh sKsj htstb, `ˆj vfsÛ (bhD ) zfmfsj htstb, ªzfsqwf! zfu
vfsk zfmfsj zfmfv iadkiftsjv ƒhflskv ubA sYsV lfW.« zfdm httfm, `zfïfrv
jnm! zfdm zfibfv ³bjeA yfƒ ˆhQ kfƒ yfƒ, pf zfibfsj zfb¦l lfb jsv.' nckvf
dkdb …sE WpC jvstb ˆhQ bfmfp iVsk ðv¢ jvstb. bfmfsp dkdb j]flsk tfostb.
dkdb hsn dYstb, (syfsJv ifdbsk) k]fv sjft dHsu sot. kfvivW j]flsk tfostb.
(dnulfq sost zwa¢sk) mfde dHsu sot! (Iusvv zfso) dhtft bfmfspv Jhv dlsk
ˆstb. dkdb pJb k]fsj j]flsk slJstb, kJb htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb
j]flsYb? zKy zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv nm²À sofbfr mfI j'sv dlsqsYb!' dkdb
htstb, ªzfdm dj (zfïfrv) ðjXvÈpfv hf¦lf rh bf? zfu vfsÛ zfmfv …iv
jsqjde zfqfk zhkDBG rsqsY. L¶Qn kfv ubA, sp kf isVsY, zKy kf dbsq ˆjec
dy§Àf-Hfhbf j'sv slsJdb.
:7V3W!> ‫( א‬١٩٠) 3$ :!ْ ‫ א‬R3!‫و‬4 K‚!q NU V:ª @ X: SB!‫א‬:‫ @ و‬4 > !‫ א‬3 5 b3;
4 ‫א‬:‫ض@ و‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫@ א‬Zْ ;
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‫א‬W:\ :9nْ 5 ;
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: R3 :‫ون‬1 J> Y5 b:V: ‫و‬: H4 X@ /3 S1L
1 : 5 : ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q‫ د‬1 6K ‫و‬: 8Q : 63 :*’ !‫ א‬:‫ون‬1 PK W4 V:
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٩١) {@ SB!‫ א‬:$‫א‬:W: S:n3 5 5h: +
: 4 1 ً ¦3 /:
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfjfwm×tD W ixdKhDv nxdósk ˆhQ vfk W dlsbv idvhkGsb ÎfbD
103
stfsjslv ubA dblwGb vsqsY. pfvf lf]dVsq, hsn ˆhQ wcsq zfïfrsj n¹vB jsv ˆhQ
zfjfwm×tD W ixdKhDv nxdó nìsá dy§Àf jsv ˆhQ (hst,) sr zfmfslv iadkiftj!
kcdm ˆ dbvKGj nxdó jvdb. kcdm idhÛ. kcdm zfmfslvsj zfÈsbv wfd²À sKsj v[f jv.
(‚st ƒmvfb } 190-191, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 1468bQ)
zfïfrv jftfm ðsb lqfv bhD j]flskb. ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr
zfmfsj htstb, ªkcdm zfmfv nfmsb jcvzfb dktfzk jv.« …Ùsv zfdm zfvu
jvtfm, `zfdm zfibfv nfmsb dktfzk jvh, zKy kf zfibfv …iv zhkDBG jvf
rsqsY?' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm zsbAv jfY sKsj kf ðbsk Hfthfdn.« zkˆh zfdm
nCvf `dbnf' dktfzk jvtfm. idvswsN pJb zfdm ˆ zfqfsk ˆsn si]ZYtfm; pfv zKG,
ªkJb kfslv jD zh²¿f rsh, pJb iaskAj n©ialfq sKsj ˆjub nf[D (bhD) …id²¿k
jvh ˆhQ skfmfsjW kfslv nf[Dv™si …id²¿k jvh?« kJb dkdb zfmfsj htstb,
ªpsKó, ˆhfv Kfm.« zfdm kfdjsq slJtfm, kf]v lc'syfJ sKsj zfwa¢Lfvf iahfdrk rs¤Y.
(hcJfvD 5050, mcndtm 800bQ)
ˆ ÈB mrfb zfïfrv njt zbcok hf¦lfv. snƒ swaBDv hf¦lfosBv ÈB hBGbf jvsk
dosq mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A 3 VB M 1‫ ذ‬74 83 ‫و‬: iٍ 1 :Š8: S:ْ ': O
: 74 'B 83 ‫و‬: :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3 VB M 1‫ ذ‬74 83 : M3 SB!‫ א‬:783 H4 X@ 45 : 1*> !‫ א‬:H: 4 5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h^3 !5 ‫و‬K}
٥٨/HV 8 ( ً µ J3 /1‫و‬: ‫&ًא‬B~1 ‫وא‬2 ;
: @7': O
4 B !‫ א‬1U V: - H4 X@ 4 5 : 5 b4 I1 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A S:4 :b:L
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬S:V4 :&\: 74 'B 83 ‫و‬: : s‫ א‬4 @A‫و‬:
zKGf{, bhDslv msLA pfslvsj zfïfr zbcora jsvsYb ˆvfƒ kfvf, zflsmv W
pfslvsj zfdm bCsrv nfsK sbZjfq zfsvfrB jdvsqdYtfm kfslv hQswfßCk, ƒhafrDm W
ƒnaf„stv hQswfßCk W pfslvsj zfdm iK dbslGw jsvdYtfm W msbfbDk jsvdYtfm
kfslv z§ÀHcÙ G Á. kfslv dbje ivm jv¢Bfmsqv zfqfk zfhxdÙ jvf rst kfvf ÛÁ¦lb
jvsk jvsk dnulfq tcdesq iVk. (mfvqAfm } 58)
sjfb zfk¹Dsqv dhsqfo-hAKfq dkdb j]flskb.
zfbfn rsk hdBGk, vfnCtcïfr kf]v icÛ ƒhafrDsmv dbje sostb, pJb sn mfvf
pfd¤Yt. vfnCtïc fr -ˆv lc'syfJ dlsq zwa¢ifk rsk tfot. zfècv vrmfb ƒhsb
zfWI k]fsj htstb, `zfidbW (jf]lsYb)? sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªsr
zfWsIv icÛ! ˆef lqf.« zk}iv däkDqhfv sjs]l sItstb. kfviv htstb, ªsyfJ
zwa¢ifk jvsY ˆhQ z§Àv lc}dJk rs¤Y. zfmvf sn jKfƒ hth, pf zfïfrsj n§Âó
jvsh. zfv sr ƒhafrDm! zfmvf skfmfv dhvsr lc}dJk.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm djYc zQw)
zfbfn hstb, `bhD ˆv ˆj jbAf (…s©m jctNCm)ˆv lfIb jfspGv nmq zfdm
…id²¿k dYtfm. slJtfm, zfïfrv vnCt jhsvv ifsw hsn zfsYb. zfv k]fv syfJ
lc'de zwa¢dnÙÁ dYt. zk}iv (tfw bfmfsbfv nmq) dkdb htstb, ªskfmfslv msLA
ˆmb sj… zfsY dj, sp (ok) vfsÛ ²ÃD nrhfn jsvdb?« zfhc kftrf htstb, `zfdm
zfdY, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm Wv jhsv bfsmf.« ˆ jKf ðsb
zfhC kftrf jhsv bfmstb. (hcJfvD 1285bQ, rfsjm 4/47, hfƒrfjD 4/53, zfrmfl 3/126 iamcJ)
…nfmfr hstb, vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dbje kf]v bfdksj kfv mcmCNG zh²¿fq zfbf rt.
(Wsj slsJ) vfnCtïc fr -ˆv y[cäq rsk zwa¢ Uvsk tfot. nf'l htstb, `sr
 104
zfïfrv vnCt! ˆ jD?' dkdb htstb, ªˆef vrmk (lqf); pf zfïfr kf]v hf¦lfslv
z§Àsv svsJsYb. zfv zfïfr kf]v hf¦lfslv msLA lqftcslv iadkƒ lqf jsvb.« (hcJfvD
1284, mcndtm 2174bQ)
zfècïfr ƒhsb …mfv hstb, nf'l ƒhsb …hflfr ˆjhfv iDdVk rst zfècv
vrmfb ƒhsb zfWI, nf'l ƒhsb zfhD zÄfn ˆhQ zfècïfr ƒhsb mfn†l slv nfsK
vfnCtïc fr k]fv dbje jcwt duÎfnfv ubA sostb. pJb dkdb k]fv dbje …id²¿k
rstb, kJb k]fsj zÎfb zh²¿fq sistb. dkdb duÎfnf jvstb, ªW dj mfvf sosY?«
stfsjvf uhfh dlt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! bf (mfvf pfqdb).' kJb vfnCtcïfr sjs]l
sItstb. nckvfQ stfsjvf pJb vfnCtcïfr -sj jfâf jvsk slJt, kJb kfvfW
jf]lsk tfot. dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf dj ðbsk ifW bf? db}ns¦lsr zfïfr syfsJv
zwa¢ Uvfhfv ubA wfd²À slb bf ˆhQ zf§Àdvj lc}J iajfswv ubAW wfd²À slb bf. dj§Â
dkdb skf ˆefv jfvsB wfd²À slb zKhf lqf jsvb.« ˆƒ hst dkdb dbu dusHv iadk
ƒdÌk jvstb. (hcJfvD 1304, mcndtm 2176bQ)
mf zfsqwf hstb, `…Nmfb dhb mfp†b mfvf sost bhD k]fsj slJsk sostb.
dkdb k]fv syrfvfv jfiV Jcst U]csj k]fsj ycìb jvstb. zk}iv dkdb ˆmb j]flstb
pfsk slJtfm, k]fv syfsJv ifdb k]fv oft shsq odVsq pfs¤Y.' (dkvdmpD, zfhc lf…l, nrDr
ƒhsb mfufr 1456bQ)
iafq ˆj rfufv nfrfhf-nr ˆj nIsvv ˆj mdÓst sbsm bhD lc'vfjzfk bfmfp
iVstb. zk}v dkdb zfmfslv dlsj mcJ dIvfst zfmvf slJtfm, k]fv lc'de syfJ shsq
ifdb UvsY. k]fv jfâf slsJ nfrfhfoB j]flsk tfostb. …mfv k]fv jfsY dosq
htstb, `zfmfv mf-hfi zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfibfv jD
rsqsY? (zfidb j]flsYb sjb?)' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv dbje zfdm zfmfv mfsqv
jhv dpqfvskv zbcmdk yfƒst dkdb zfmfsj dpqfvskv zbcmdk dlstb. dj§Â k]fv
ubA [mf iafKGbfv zbcmdk yfƒst dkdb zfmfsj zbcmdk dlstb bf. kfƒ zfdm k]fv
…iv ufrfâfsmv Hsq j]fldY!||||||« (zfrmfl, mcndtm 2303bQ, iamcJ)
mc'kf pcsÝ pfql, uf'Iv W zfècïfr dhb vfWqfrfr (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùm) wrDl rst
WrDv mfLAsm iafå Jhv mrfbhD mlDbfq htsk tfostb, ªpfql ikfjf LfvB
j'svdYt, sn wrDl rsq sot. kfviv uf'Iv ikfjf LfvB jsvdYt, sn wrDl rsq
sot. kfviv zfècïfr dhb vfWqfrfr ikfjf LfvB jsvdYt, snW wrDl rsq sot.
kfviv zfïfrv ˆj kvhfdv Jfstl dhb ztDl ikfjf LfvB jvt ˆhQ zfïfr kfv
rfsk dhuq lfb jvstb.«
ˆ jKf dkdb htdYstb, zfv k]fv y[cäq rsk zwa¢ UvdYt. (hcJfvD 3757bQ)
…ùl pcsÝv iv mrfbhD mqlfsb sbsm wrDlslv sJ]fu-Jhv dbd¤Ystb. djq{[B
iv slJstb k]fv yfyf zfnflcïfr rfmpfr dhb zfèct mcÙfdth wrDl rsq sosYb,
k]fv bfj W jfb sjse sbWqf rsqsY! k]fv sie jfef zfsY, jdtuf shv j'sv dyhfsbf
rsqsY! ˆ mmGfd§Àj lxwA slsJ dkdb j]flsk tfostb ˆhQ k]fv jv¢B jfâf slsJ nfKD
nfrfhfoBW j]flsk tfostb. vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùm.
hfvf' dhb zfsph hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK dYtfm.
105
rEf{ dkdb ˆjlt stfj slJsk sisq htstb, ªjD hAfifsv Wvf umfsqk rsqsY?«
sj… htt, `ˆjusbv jhv sJ]fVfv ubA umfsqk rsqsY.' ˆjKf wcsb zfïfrv vnCt
OfhsV …Estb. dkdb kdVOdV nÌDslv kAfo jsv jhsvv dbje si]ZsY r]fec sosV
hsn sostb. dkdb jD jvsYb kf slJfv ubA zfdm k]fv nfmsb JfVf rtfm. slJtfm,
dkdb j]flsYb. idvswsN dkdb ˆk j]flstb sp, kfv syfsJv ifdbsk mfde ipG§À dHsu
sot. zk}iv dkdb zfmfslv dlsj mcJ kcst htstb, ªsr zfmfv Hfƒ njt! ˆmb
dlsbv ubA skfmvf ia²d k bfW.« (hcJfvD, kfvDJ, ƒhsb mfufr 4195, zfrmfl 4/394, dntdntfr
nrDrfr 1751 bQ)
hlv pcsÝ 70 ub jfsIv mfvf iVt ˆhQ 70 ub h¦lD rt. ˆef jfsIv W
mcndtmslv iaKm pcÝ dYt. ˆƒ ubA pcÝh¦lDslv hAfifsv jD Lvsbv zfyvB jvf spsk
ifsv ˆ hAfifsv iCBvG ™si sjfb dhLfb ±ió dYt bf. nckvfQ bhD snƒ 70 ub h¦lDslv
hAfifsv nfrfhfslv nsÌ ivfmwG jvstb sp, jD jvf pfsh? kfslvsj rkAf jvf rsh, bf
djYc mcdÙÁiB (dhdbmq) dbsq sYsV slWqf rsh? ShLkf drnfsh ˆƒ lc'de vfqƒ ndEj dYt.
snƒ ubA …ÙÁ lc'de vfq dbsq dhshj-dhshybf W dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvsk tfostb. dj§Â
jJsbf jJsbf ShLkf W zShLkf sKsj lxdó dIdvsq jft-ifÛ W idvd²¿dk hcsU
zdLjkv …Ùm i§¿f zhtìb jvfv iasqfub rq. ˆJfsbW zdLjkv jtAfBjv i§¿f
zhtìb jvf iasqfub dYt. dj§Â ShLkfsj nfmsb svsJ zsi[fjxk jmkv jtAfBjv
i§¿f zhtìb jvf rt. sp hAfifsv nkjG jsv zfïfr kfzftfv kvI rsk H{Gnbföv™i
zfqfk zhkDBG rt. …mfv iaHdx koB bhD -sj ˆƒ ivfmwG dlstb sp, jcIXsvv
wdÙÁ W iakfisj sHsÌ sItf lvjfv zfsY. ˆƒ ubA h¦lDslvsj rkAf jvf srfj.
sjbbf, ˆvf rt jcIXv W jfsIvslv iaLfb W n©mfdbk hAdÙÁ. ˆvf mcdÙÁ sist ƒntfm
W mcndtmslv dhv¢sÝ zdLjv™si yÛÁf§À yftfsh. i[f§Àsv zfhc hfjXv iaHdx koB
…mfv -ˆv vfsqv dhivDk vfq siw jvstb sp, kfslv jfY sKsj mcdÙÁiB (dhdbmq)
dbsq kfslvsj sYsV slWqf srfj. zfv ‰ mft äfvf zfofmD pcsÝv ubA ia²d k sbWqf
srfj. bhD ˆƒ vfqsj iafLfbA dlstb. kJb ˆ hAfifsv zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
"5 : ;
3 ª‫ א‬1&V@ V1 K%‫א‬:‫ و‬: 4 2&!‫ א‬:‫ض‬: : :‫ون‬1&V@ I1 @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 :7ž
3 „4 V1 bBO
: x: 4 5 1*!5 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫ن‬4 5 R¤ 3 S:!3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: }
‫ ل‬Y ‫( א‬٦٨) {H< ƒ3 : $
< ‫א‬:W: H4 I1W4 ;
: 5 ': 3 H4 JK B ': !5 :Z:: 3%‫ א‬74 83 $
< b:P3 ?4 !5 (٦٧) H< J3 O
: T< V@T: K%‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, slsw n©iCBH G fsh wÛ¢ dbifk bf jvf ipG§À h¦lD vfJf sjfb bhDv ubA nÌk
bq. skfmvf jfmbf jv ifdKGh n©il ˆhQ zfïfr yfb ivstfsjv jtAfB. zfv zfïfr
ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq. zfïfrv iChG dhLfb (dtdihÝ) bf Kfjst skfmvf pf oarB jsvY,
kfv ubA skfmfslv …iv mrfwfd²À zfidkk rk. (zfbIft } 67-68, zfrnfbct hfqfb)
ivhkGDsk …mfv bhD -ˆv jfsY ˆstb ˆhQ slJstb, dkdb W k]fv nfsK zfhC
hfjXv j]flsYb. …mfv htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! jDsnv ubA j]flsYb, zfmfsj htcb.
ifvst zfdmW j]flh. zfv bf ifvst zfibfslv lc'usbv jfâfv jfvsB zfdm jfâfv
Hfb jvh.' (mcndtm 4687bQ)
ˆjlf nCpGora sBv bfmfp iVf zh²¿fq dkdb dnulfq Jch jfâf jsvsYb. ufrfâfm lwGb
 106
jsv pfsk mrfb zfïfr kfsk k]fv …©mkDsj zfpfh bf slb, kfv zfshlb ufdbsq
dkdb hfvhfv jfâf jsvsYb. (ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 901bQ)
sjht zfk¹Dqusbv ubA bq, …©mkDv ubAW lqfv bhD j]flskb. ˆjlf dkdb
jcvzfsbv ˆƒ zfqfkÈdt ifE jvstb,
(٣٦) {H< O
3 B < YK ©5 5hB@‘5 R3 #
: : 74 8: ‫و‬: RMS83 1*B@‘5 R3S: 3 I: 7:'5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:78M ‫א‬Q•„3 P5 :7ْ 5 k 4 5 B7X1 B@A M$: }
zKGf{, (ƒhafrDm htt,) sr zfmfv iadkiftj! ˆnh iadkmf hù mfbcNsj dhëf§À
jsvsY; nckvfQ sp zfmfv zbcnvB jvsh sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ, dj§Â sj… zfmfv zhfLA
rst kcdm skf yvm [mfwDt ivm lqftc. (ƒhafrDm } 36)
"&s ‫( " א‬١١٨) {1H J3 + : !ْ ‫ א‬T1 V@T: !ْ ‫ א‬:9 5 5hB@‘5 H4 X1 !5 4 Y3 “4 I: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5g1‫ د‬:3 H4 X1 B@‘5 H4 X1 /4 MW: I1 ‫@ن‬A}
zKGf{, („nf htt,) kcdm pdl kfslvsj wfd²À lfW, ksh kfvf skfmfvƒ hf¦lf. zfv
pdl kfslvsj [mf jv, ksh kcdm skf ivfÛÁmwftD iaÎfmq.' (mfdqlfr } 118)
zk}iv dkdb dbu lcƒ rfk kcst sj]sl sj]sl htsk tfostb, ªsr zfïfr!
zfmfv …©mkD, zfmfv …©mkD. (kfslvsj v[f jv.)«
mrfb zfïfr duhvDt -sj htstb, ªsr duhvDt! kcdm mcrf©mfslv jfsY pfW.
zfv skfmfv iadkiftj shdw ufsbb. kfsj duÎfnf jv, `jDsnv ubA j]flY kcdm?'
duhvDt k]fv jfsY ˆst dkdb pf htstb, kf mrfb zfïfrsj htf rt. zfv
dkdb shdw ufsbb. zfïfr htstb, ªsr duhvDt! kcdm mcrf©mfslv jfsY dosq ht,
zfmvf skfmfsj skfmfv …©mskv hAfifsv n§Âó jvh. skfmfsj bfvfu jvh bf.«
(mcndtm 520bQ)

k]fv ëfkxk¶-háb
nmfsuv mfbcsNv mfsU ifv±idvj háb bf Kfjst nmfu nclxP rq bf, ncnQrk rq bf.
ˆ jKf zfmfslv mrfbhD mfbcNsj dwdJsqdYstb. nckvfQ dkdb wkLfdhd¤Yâ dhwft
nmfsuv mfbcsNv mfsU `mfbh-háb' jfsqm jsvdYstb. ˆjfdLj dhhfsrv mfLAsm dkdb
³hhfdrjnCsÛ so]sKdYstb hù mfbcNsj.
mfbcsN-mfbcsNv sHlfsHslv iafyDv lCv jsvdYstb dkdb. hQw-sofÛ dbsq zá
i[ifdksk¶v …]yc shVf kcstdYstb dkdb. mrfb zfïfr kfvƒ ˆjef dyÛ kcst LsvsYb
ˆƒ zfqfsk,
H4 JK /3 K 6K :74 /: :}!> 5‚5 ‫א‬:&4 5 H4 b1SKP ‫ذ‬4 @A H4 JK 4 5 : 3*’ !‫ א‬5 ': 4 3 ْ‫وא‬1 PK ‫ذ‬4 ‫א‬:‫ אْ و‬6K B Y5 I: 5?‫و‬: Q '3 L
: 3*’ !‫ @ א‬4 +
: /3 ْ‫' א‬1 #
3 b:4 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
H4 JK > : !5 3*I3 V: - H4 JK !5 1*’ !‫ א‬17M :V1 5h!3:WP5 X: S4 8M HKP:Wn5 5‚5 @ SB!‫ א‬:78M "N : Yْ O
1 Y5 : : 5 : H4 b1SKP‫و‬: Q‫א‬: ;
4 @A 3*b3 ': 4 S3 /3 H1b+
4 :,
4 5‚5
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٠٣) { :‫ون‬1&b:X4 I:
zKGf{, skfmvf njst zfïfrv vdw (LmG hf jcvzfb)sj wÙÁ j'sv Lv ˆhQ iv±iv
dhd¤Yâ rsqf bf. skfmfslv iadk zfïfrv zbcora sj n¹vB jv; skfmvf iv±iv wÛ¢ dYst,
zk}iv dkdb skfmfslv r™lsq iaDdkv nÑfv jvstb. Ist skfmvf kf]v zbcosa r
iv±iv Hfƒ-Hfƒ rsq sost. skfmvf zdo´jcsàv (slfpsJv) iafs§À dYst, zk}iv dkdb
107
(zfïfr) kf rsk skfmfslvsj …Ýfv jsvsYb. ˆv™si zfïfr skfmfslv ubA kf]v
dblwGb ±ióHfsh dhhxk jsvb, pfsk skfmvf n{iK sisk ifv. (‚st ƒmvfb } 103)
dkdb mlDbfq ˆsn mcndtmslv mfsU iadnÝ ëfkxk¶ osV kctstb. kfsk zfbnfvD Hfƒ
mcrfsuvD Hfƒsj dbsuv mftLsbv zQwD hfbft, zKy kfvf nsrflv dYt bf. lc'ub ²ÃD
Kfjst ˆjubsj kftfj dlsq mcrfsuvD Hfƒsqv nsÌ dhhfr dlsk yfƒt. nmfsuv
mfbcN njst Hfƒ-Hfƒ rsq sot.
ƒntfm-dhsvfLD ƒqfùlDslv nfsKW wfd§À-ycdÙÁ iadkôf jvstb.
slw, HfNf, sofÛ, vM iaHdx kv hBGShNsmAv njt slWqft sHsÌ ycvmfv jvstb dkdb.
jcvzfb sOfNBf dlt,
3*> !‫ א‬:&S3 H4 JK 8: : Pْ 5 B‫@ن‬A ‫ א‬K : : b:!3 : s3 :65 ‫و‬: /Q 1 1 H4 PK S:ْ : L
: ‫و‬: „: K ‫و‬: ٍ P5 :‫ ذ‬7M8 HKP S:nْ 5 ;
: B@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
U‫( " א(~ א‬١٣) {• < 3;
: H< 3: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 PK n5 I4 5
zKGf{, sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslvsj nxdó jsvdY ˆj icv¢N W ˆj bfvD rsk, isv
skfmfslvsj dhHÙÁ jsvdY dhdHâ ufdk W sofsÛ, pfsk skfmvf ˆsj zisvvv nfsK
idvdyk rsk ifv. skfmfslv msLA ‰ hAdÙÁƒ zfïfrv dbje zdLj mpGflfn©iâ sp
zdLj zfïfr-HDv¢. zfïfr nhdjYc ufsbb, nh djYcv Jhv vfsJb. (ùucvfk } 13)
zfv mrfbhD sOfNBf dlstb, ªsr stfj njt! skfmfslv iadkiftj ˆj.
skfmfslv dikf ˆj. swfsbf! zfvhDv …iv zbfvhDv ˆhQ zbfvhDv …iv zfvhDv,
jxòjfsqv …iv sw¶kjfsqv ˆhQ sw¶kjfsqv …iv jxòjfsqv sjfb swaôk¶ W mpGflf
sbƒ. swaôk¶ W mpGflf zfsY skf sjht `kfj¶Wqfv' jfvsBƒ.« (mcnbfsl zfrmfl 5/411,
dn} nrDrfr 2700bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªstfsjvf spb mxk hfi-lflfslv dbsq IJv jvf zhwAƒ kAfo
jsv. kfvf skf ufrfâfsmv jqtf mfÛ. kf kAfo bf jvst kfvf snƒ sofhcsv sifjfv
sysqW dbjxó rsh, sp dbu bfj l¶fvf mt sEst dbsq pfq. zhwAƒ zfïfr skfmfslv
dbje sKsj ufsrdtqfskv ohG W IJv lCv jsv dlsqsYb. (mcndtm) skf mcÙfjD
(nQpmwDt) mcdmb zKhf ififyfvD hlmfqfw. mfbcN njstƒ zflsmv n§Àfb ˆhQ zflm
mfde rsk nxó.« (nrDùt ufsm' 5358bQ)
hfbct mc²fÀ dtj pcsÝv iv vfnCtcïfr kJsbf mcvfƒnD' UBGfv dbje zh²¿fb
jvdYstb, ˆmb nmq jkjÈstf stfj ifdb nQoasrv …sÜswA snJfsb zfomb jsv.
zfombjfvDslv msLA …mfv -ˆv ˆjub wadmj dYt, pfv bfm dYt ufrufr doIfvD.
UBGfv dbje zfsvf ˆjub dYt, pfv bfm dYt dnbfb dhb zhfv ucrfbD. sjfb jfvsB ˆƒ
lc'usbv msLA hfj-dhkàf rsk rsk swN ipGfsq L²ÀfLd²À W mïpcÝ ðv¢ rsq pfq. ˆj
ipGfsq ucrfbD dy{jfv ðv¢ j'sv slq, `sr zfbnfv lt! (zfmfsj nfrfspAv ubA la¢k
ˆdosq ˆn.)' ziv is[ ufrufr zfrhfb jvsk Kfsj, `sr mcrfduv lt! (zfmfsj
nfrfpA jvfv ubA skfmvf wDOa ˆdosq ˆn.)' vnCt kf slsJ htstb, ªzfdm
skfmfslv msLA hkGmfb zfdY zKy skfmvf zÎkfv pcsov zfyvB jvY? skfmvf ˆnh
idvrfv jsv yt, ˆ nh rs¤Y lcoGápcÙÁ.« (hcJfvD 4905, mcndtm 6748, dkvdmpD 3315bQ)
ltfldt W dhd¤Yâkf sKsj dbsNL jsv vfuSbdkj W vfóºDq ipGfsq wfd§À iadkôf
 108
jsvsYb dkdb. dkdb hstsYb, ªzfdm skfmfslvsj i]fyde jfsuv zfslw jvdY; pf
zfïfr zfmfsj zfslw jsvsYb. vfóºsbkfv jKf ðbsh, kfv zfbcokA jvsh, durfl
jvsh, druvk jvsh ˆhQ (ˆjƒ vfóºsbkfv sbkxsk¶) ufmfzfkhÝHfsh hnhfn jvsh.
spsrkc sp hAdÙÁ dhOk idvmfB ufmfzfk sKsj lCsv nsv pfq, sn zfnst dIsv bf zfnf
ipG§À ƒntfsmv vdwsj dbu otf sKsj Jcst sIst slq. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ufsrtD pcsov
Ffj Ffsj, sn zfnst ufrfâfmDslv ltHcÙÁ.« ˆj hAdÙÁ htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
pdlW sn bfmfp isV W svfpf vfsJ?' dkdb htstb, ªpdlW sn bfmfp isV W svfpf vfsJ.
nckvfQ sr zfïfrv hf¦lfvf! skfmvf zfïfrv (bfsm) Ffsj Ffsjf, dpdb skfmfslv bfm
dlsqsYb `mcndtm, mc'dmb'.« (k¶fhfvfbD, zfhC qAf'tf, ƒhsb drêfb, dkvdmpD 2863bQ)
ƒntfm dwdJsqsY mfbcNsj,
U‫( " א(~ א‬١٠) {:‫' ن‬1 O : 4 I1 H4 JK > : !5 :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK V4 : ;
: 5 :74 /: ‫ א‬+
1 3,
4 5‚5 "› : ;
4 @A :‫ ن‬S183 —4 '1 !ْ ‫' א‬: B@A}
zKGf{, njt dhw¶fnDvf skf iv±iv Hfƒ Hfƒ, nckvfQ skfmvf skfmfslv lcƒ Hfƒ-ˆv
msLA ndá ²¿fib jv ˆhQ zfïfrsj Hq jv; pfsk skfmvf jv¢Bfiafå rW. (ùucvfk } 10)
mrfbhD -ƒ dwdJsqsYb, dhyfsv nht-lcht G nhfƒ nmfb. dhyfvsjv n§ÀfbW dhyfv
sKsj svrfƒ ifsh bf. ˆjlf (ˆj …¤yhQwDqf) mfJpCmD mdrtf ycdv jvfv Ist Lvf
iVst kfsj dbsq jcvfƒw hQswv stfsjvf hV …däo´ rsq iVt. (kfv rfk pfsk jfef
bf rq snƒ syófq) kfvf htfhdt jvt, `Wv hAfifsv zfïfrv vnCt ˆv nsÌ sj jKf
htsh?' idvswsN kfvf htt, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv diaqifÛ …nfmfr dhb pfql YfVf
zfv sj (ˆ hAfifsv) k]fv nfsK jKf htfv lc}nfrn jvsh?' nckvfQ (kfslv zbcsvfL
msk) …nfmfr k]fv nfsK jKf htstb (ˆhQ ‰ mdrtfv rfk pfsk jfef bf pfq, sn
hAfifsv ncifdvw jvstb).
ˆv Ist zfïfrv vnCt htstb, ªsr …nfmfr! kcdm dj zfïfrv làdhdLnmCsrv
ˆj làdhdL (jfsqm bf rWqfv) hAfifsv ncifdvw jvY?!« zk}iv dkdb làfqmfb
rsq HfNsB htstb, ªskfmfslv iChhG kDG …©mkvf ˆ ubAƒ L¶Qn rsqdYt sp, kfslv
msLA sjfb …¤yhQwDq (hf LbD) stfj ycdv jvst kfvf kfsj (là bf dlsq) sYsV dlk.
zfv sjfb (db©bhQwDq, ovDh hf) lcht G stfj ycdv jvst kfvf kfv …iv làdhdL iasqfo
jvk. i[f§Àsv zfïfrv wiK! mcrf©mfslv jbAf Ifskmf pdl ycdv jvk, kfrst zfdm
kfvW rfk sjse dlkfm.« (hcJfvD 6788, mcndtm 1688bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)
mlDbfv snƒ öBGpsc ov snfbfv nmfusj slJcb, jDHfsh kfvf zfWnD W JfuvfuD rsq,
zfbnfvD W mcrfsuvD rsq, sw¶kjfq W jxòjfq rsq, bfvD W icv¢N rsq, mcndtm W
zmcndtm rsq, mc'dmb W mcbfdIj rsq nrfh²¿fb jsvsY? mrfb sbkfv ncsbkxsk¶
ncwx£Jt hAh²¿f W wfd§Àmq idvmàt nxdó rsqsY.
sn nmfsu sjfb Yck-zYck dYt bf, dYt bf sjfb iajfsvv ufkifskv sHlfsHl.
mcndtmvf nhfƒ ˆj ufk. njstv mndusl iashswv zbcmdk dYt, njstv zfïfrv
djkfh iVfv ncspfo dYt. njstv ƒmfmdk jvfv ³hLkf dYt. nfsmAv nfsK mfbdhj
zdLjfv iaskAj mfbhƒ zbfqfsn tfH jsvsY.
nmfsuv mfbcsNv mfsU n©iaDdk dYt „mfblfsvv jfmA.
109
vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
.( Q 4 /: 1*1 4 /: 2&f1 V: @‫ ن‬: S4 1!ْ P5 @783 —4 '1 ْ !3 :783 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
ªˆj mc'dmb ziv mc'dmsbv ubA zÕfdtjfv bAfq, pfv ˆj zQw zbA zQwsj
muhCk j'sv vfsJ.«
kfviv dkdb (hcUfhfv ubA) kf]v ˆj rfskv zfÌctÈdt ziv rfskv zfÌcstv
If]sj Tcjfstb. (hcJfvD 481, mcndtm 6750bQ)
1 s3 : 1*!5 : ‫א‬:&I: < 4 1 1*S4 83 J5 b:4 ‫א א‬:‫@ذ‬A 3&: ~: !ْ ‫ א‬1 „:8: H4 X@ Y3 ¦K : I:‫و‬: H4 X@ '3 O 1 ‫א‬: I:‫و‬: H4 \3 M‫אد‬: I: R3 : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 „:8: )
.( 'B +1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ @ و‬X: B ! /3 3&: ~: !ْ ‫א‬
ªmc'dmbslv zfsifsnv msLA ˆsj zisvv iadk n©iaDdk, lqf W mfqf-
mmkfv …lfrvB (ˆjde) slsrv mskf. pJb slsrv sjfb zÌ iDdVk rq, kJb kfv
ubA nfvf slr zdblaf W u¶sv zfÛÁf§À rq.« (hcJfvD 6011, mcndtm 6751bQ)
ˆ YfVf zfsifsn n©iaDdk hufq vfJfv hAh²¿f W kfv dhswN mpGflf W nWqfh hdBGk
rsqsY dhdHâ rflDsn.
zfuW kfvf Hfstf mcndtm rsk ifsvdb, pfvf ƒntfsmv ˆmb dw[f sKsj lCsv zfsY.
pfvf ƒntfmsj bfbf mprfh W lst-…ilst Hfo j'sv dlsqsY. mrfb zfïfr k]fv
bhDsj hstsYb,
ْ‫ א‬1 P5 ': /3 H1X^1MS:V1 BH‰1 3*’ !‫! א‬5 @A H4 \1 1 84 5 ': B@A N R4 : R3 H4 X1 S4 83 :94 !> Q : 3 ْ‫ א‬1 P5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 S:V3‫ אْ د‬6K B 5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
‫( " א م‬١٥٩) { :‫ ن‬K : Yْ V:
zKGf{, zhwAƒ pfvf LmG nìsá bfbf mskv nxdó jsvsY ˆhQ dhdHâ lst dhHÙÁ rsqsY,
kfslv sjfb jfsuv lfdqk¶ skfmfv sbƒ, kfslv dhNq zfïfrv ˆJdkqfvHcÙÁ. dkdbƒ
kfslv jxkjmG nìsá kfslvsj zhdrk jvshb. (‚bX‚m } 159)

k]fv dhbq-bmakf
hV rsqW dbsusj sYfe ufbf, sYfe mfbcNsj n©mfb slWqf, iaskAj mfbcNsj kfv
pKfKG n©mfb ialfb jvf, sYfev iadk ë™s[i jvf ƒkAfdl mrf mfbcsNv ˆjde mr{ ÈB.
ˆ ÈB pfv Kfsj bf, hvQ sp sYfe rsqW hV rsk yfq, mfbcNsj kc¤Y-kfd¤YtA jsv,
rj iakAfJAfb jsv, sn zfnst zrQjfvD. ˆ rt rDb mfbcsNv hl ÈB.
dhbq-bmakf Hû W nHA mfbcsNv nlXÈB. pfvf ytsb-htsb W zfyfv-zfyvsB dhbqD.
mrfb zfïfr ˆmb mfbcNsj dbsuv hf¦lf hst iawQnf j'sv hstsYb,
(٦٣) { 8Q 5 : ‫! א‬K 65 :‫ ن‬K \3 ~
: !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 :¦5 ;
: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: Q4 \: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬5 : :‫ ن‬f1 '4 V: :7V3W!> ‫@ א‬7': O
4 B !‫ א‬1‫ د‬:3 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kfvfƒ ivm lqfmsqv lfn, pfvf ixdKhDsk bmaHfsh ytfsIvf jsv ˆhQ
kfslvsj pJb zÎ hAdÙÁvf nsìfLb jsv, kJb kfvf hst, `nftfm'. (Icvj¶fb } 63)
kfvf iK ytst slsJƒ msb rq, kfvf LDvwf§À, o©HDv, dhbqD. kfvf …Ýk bq, odhGk
bq, lfd©Hj bq, zrQjfvD bq ˆhQ yit W iaotXH bq.
dhbsq mfbcsNv n©mfb hLGb tfH jsv. zfv lfd©Hjkfq mfbcsNv n©mfb tq W [q
 110
rsk Kfsj.
iv§Â zrQjfv W ohG ˆjmfÛ mrfb nxdójkGfv nfsu. ˆ rt k]fv dhswN ÈB. nxdó jD
dbsq zrQjfv ialwGb jvsk ifsv?
mrf mfbshv mr{ ÈB dhbq-bmakf. kfƒ mrfbhD dYstb dbkf§À dhbqD.
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fv dbje ˆsn jKf htsk dosq j]fisk ðv¢ jvt. dkdb kfsj
nfrn dlsq htstb,
«&V&n!‫ א‬P‚I 9 P " 8‫ א‬7/‫¼ א‬A ،Nh3': /3 19 ! R ‘ h Y h ‫ن‬M \»
zKGf{, iajdx k²¿ rW. zfdm skf sjfb hflwf bƒ. zfdm ˆmb mfsqv ick, sp (mÄfv
hfkrfsk) svfsl ðjfsbf sofwXk sJskf. (dn} nrDrfr 1876bQ)
dkdb ˆk mpGflfn©iâ rsqW dmnjDbslv nfsK WEf-hnf jvskb, dhLhfv slJfswfbf
jvskb ˆhQ ˆkDsmv kÙ¶fhLfb jvskb. dkdb htskb, ªsp iaKsm nftfm slq, sn
lc'usbv swaô hAdÙÁ.« (zfrmfl, n} ufsm' 6121bQ)
dkdb zdk dhbqD dYstb, ksh kfv mfsb lcht G kf W tfÒbf hvB bq. hvQ mpGflfhfsbv
dhbq dYt k]fv mfsU.
dkdb dYstb nxdóv snvf nxdó. dkdb dYstb nhGswaô bhD. zKy dkdbƒ hstsYb,
ªmCnfv …iv zfmfsj iafLfbA dlsqf bf.« (hcJfvD 2411, mcndtm 6302bQ)
ªskfmvf hstf bf sp, zfdm ƒ…bcn dhb mfÙf zsi[f …Ùm.« (hcJfvD 3412, mcndtm 6309bQ)
dkdb dYstb ufdkv sbkf, zKy k]fv sjfb lfsvfqfb dYt bf.
hfdVv Jfslmslv iadkW dkdb dhbqD dYstb. k]fv Jfslm zfbfn hstb, zfdm lw
hYv ipG§À vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dJlmk jsvdY. dkdb jJsbfW zfmfv ubA `…}' wè
hstbdb. sjfb jfu j'sv hnst dkdb ˆ jKf dusÎn jsvbdb sp, `kcdm ˆ jfu sjb
jvst?' ˆhQ sjfb jfu bf jvst dkdb hstbdb sp, `kf sjb jvst bf?' (hcJfvD 6038,
mcndtm 6151bQ)
mrfbhD nf[fskv ubA jfsvf nfsK làfqmfb rst dkdb nf[f{jfvDv dbje sKsj
ia²¿fb jvskb bf, pk[B bf sn k]fv dbje sKsj ia²¿fb jvk.
sj… k]fv nfsK mcnfIfrf jvst dkdb dbsuv rfk iaKsm sesb dbskb bf, pk[B bf
däkDq hAdÙÁ dbu rfk k]fv rfk sKsj ndvsq dbk.
sj… k]fv nfsK sjfb sofib jKf htsk yfƒst dkdb k]fv mcsJv dbje sKsj dbu jfb
ndvsq dbskb bf, pk[B bf sn hAdÙÁ jKf hst swN jsv dbsuv mcJ ndvsq dbk. (n}
ufsm' 4780bQ)
ˆmb zfyvB dhbsqv ˆj ˆjde iajóx bmcbf. n¤ydvÛkfv swaô …lfrvB.
dkdb zfrfv oarsBv nmq srtfb dlsq hnskb bf. (‰ 4840bQ) jfvB kf
zrQjfvDslv zftfmk.
mrfbhD hstb, ªzfdm srtfb dlsq Jfƒ bf.« (zfrmfl 18279, hcJfvD
5399 iamcJ) dkdb srtfb dlsq sJsk dbsNLW jsvsYb. (dntdntfr
nrDrfr 3122bQ)
spsrkc zbcv™i hnf dhbqDslv t[B bq ˆhQ srtfb dlsq sJst
111
shwD JfWqf rq. zfv shwD JfWqf k]fv hfÒbDq dYt bf.
ˆjlf lcƒ r]fec W ifsqv ifkfv …iv (bfmfp iVfv mskf) sJsk hsn mrfbhD
hstdYstb, ªzfïfr zfmfsj n©mfdbk hf¦lf hfdbsqsYb ˆhQ zrQjfvD W …Ýk
hfbfbdb.« (zfhC lf†l 3773, ƒhsb mfufr 3263bQ)
dkdb htskb, ªlfn spHfsh Jfq, zfdm snƒHfsh Jfƒ. lfn spHfsh hsn, zfdmW
snƒHfsh hdn.« (n} ufsm' 7bQ)
iK ytsk k]fv iÇyfsk 2 ub hAdÙÁ zbcomb jvk bf. (‰ 4840bQ) 2 usbv shdwW
bq. jfvB vfuf-hflwfslv mskf k]fv zbcomb jvf srfj, kf dkdb yfƒskb bf.
dkdb ziY¦l jvskb sp, stfsjvf k]fv kf'pDsm l]fdVsq Kfjcj. hvQ dkdb htskb,
.« @ SB!‫ א‬:783 1•:&: nْ 8: ْ B :b::ْ 5 8Q : 63 1‫ ل‬L: M !‫ א‬1*!5 : „1'4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 BdO : 5 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp stfj kfv n©mfbfsKG l]fdVsq Kfjcj, sn spb dbsuv hfn²¿fb
slfpsJ hfdbsq sbq.« (zfhC lf†l 5229, dkvdmpD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 357bQ)
k]fv nfmsb jJsbf mfbcsNv dHV usm sost kfslvsj nvfsbf rskf bf zKhf smsv
kfVfsbf rskf bf. (n} ufsm' 4850bQ) spmb vfuf-hflwfslv nfmsb dHV jvf
mfbcNslvsj nvfsbf W kfVfsbf rq.
ˆmb zfyvsBW dYt mfbcsNv iadk k]fv dhbq iajfw.
mrfbhD mcndtmslv lcht G swaBDv ovDh mfbcNslv dbje spskb. kfslv nfsK
nf[f{ jvskb. kfslv svfoD slJsk spskb ˆhQ jcwt duÎfnf jvskb. sj… mfvf
sost kfv ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4877bQ) ovDh hf nfLfvB mfbcN hst
kfv ufbfpfq wvDj rskb bf, kf bq. dhbqhwk} dkdb jf…sj kc¤YÎfb jvskb bf.
k]fv iadk iadkiftsjv dbslGw dYt,
1&V@ I1 H4 X1 S4 : 5g S:4 : 1&4 I: !5 ‫و‬: 1*X: L
4 ‫و‬: ‫ن‬: ‫و‬1&V@ V1 MRf3 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫" و‬3 ‫א‬:&“: !ْ /3 H1X/B: :‫ ن‬1 &4 V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:Š8: 5h: Yْ : 4 3 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
}XJ!‫( א‬٢٨) { ¦ً 1 K 1•1 84 5 :‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: 1•‫א‬: \: :Š:IB‫א‬:‫ و‬:@ Pْ 3‫ ذ‬7: 1*:ْ 65 S:ْ Y5 ©ْ 5 74 8: Š4 Œ3 I1 !5 ‫و‬: : 4 2&!‫" א‬3 : +
: !ْ ‫ א‬5 S:V@‫ز‬
zKGf{, kcdm dbsusj kfslvƒ nQnsoG vfJ, pfvf njft W náAfq kfslv iadkiftjsj
k]fv mcJm×t (lwGb hf n§Âdó) tfsHv …sÜswA ‚rhfb jsv ˆhQ kcdm ifdKGh uDhsbv
swfHf jfmbf jsv, kfslv dlj rsk skfmfv lxdx ó dIdvsq dbsqf bf. zfv kcdm kfv
‚bcokA jsvf bf, pfv r™lqsj ‚dm ‚mfv ±mvsB zmsbfspfoD j'sv dlsqdY, sp kfv
sJqft-JcwDv zbcnvB jsv W pfv jfpGjtfi nDmf zdkÛÁm jsv. (jfrI } 28)
jfstfhsBGv ˆjub mdrtf zKhf pchj mndul UfVc dlk. vfnCtcïfr kfsj
(ˆjdlb) slJsk sistb bf. nckvfQ dkdb kfv n©isjG dusÎn jvstb. nfrfhDoB
htstb, `sn mfvf sosY.' dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf zfmfsj nQhfl dlst bf sjb?«
zfnst k]fvf spb kfv hAfifvefsj boBA sHshdYstb. dkdb htstb, ªzfmfsj kfv
jhvef sldJsq lfW.« nckvfQ k]fvf kfv jhvde sldJsq dlstb ˆhQ dkdb kfv
(jhsvv) …iv ufbfpf iVstb. (hcJfvD 458, mcndtm 2259bQ)
mrfbhD mfdesk hnskb, mfdesk hsn sJskb, Yfot h]fLskb ˆhQ ÛÁDklfn pshv
v¢de sJsk lfWqfk dlstW kf oarB jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4915bQ)
 112
dkdb ÛÁDklfsnv nfsK sJskb. dbm´mfsbv Jfhfv sJsk lfWqfk dlstW kf oarB
jvskb. icvsbf skt dlsq pshv v¢de JfWqfv lfWqfk dlstW kf sJsq zfnskb. (‰
4939bQ)
dkdb htskb,
.(19ْ 3 n5 !5 ‫א <ع‬: PK ‫و‬4 5 ‫א <ع‬: 3‫ ذ‬BR!5 @A :c3&\4 K 4 !5 ‫و‬: 194 L
: 5‚!5 ‫א ٍع‬: PK ‫و‬4 5 ‫א ٍع‬: 3‫! ذ‬5 @A 19 3 1‫ د‬4 !5 )
zKGf{, pdl zfmfsj Yfotfdlv if zKhf hfù JfWqfsbfv ubA lfWqfk slWqf rq,
kfrst zfdm dbÇyq kf jhct jvh. zfv pdl zfmfsj if zKhf hfù …isTZjb slWqf
rq, kfrst zfdm dbÇyq kf nflsv oarB jvh. (hcJfvD 2568bQ)
dkdb idvhfsvv jfsu nrspfdokf jvskb. dkdb dbsuv uckf idv°jfv W dntfƒ
jvskb, jfiV dntfƒ jvskb, kf]v jfisV kfdt tfofskb, örs²À dbu jfiV
idv®jfv jvskb, Yfostv lcL slfrfskb ˆhQ dbsuv sJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. zbAfbA
icv¢Nvf spmb dbsuslv hfdVsk nQnfsvv jfu jsv, zbcv™i dkdbW jfu jvskb.
(nrDr zflfhct mcIvfl 1/215, nrDùt ufsm' 4937, 4946, 4996bQ)
dkdb mrfb sbkf W ƒmfsm zf'pm rsqW dbsuv dJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb. pdlW k]fv
lfn-lfnDW dYt. dj§Â dhbqfi½ck iajdx k k]fsj ˆmb njt jfu jvsk …äcÝ jvk ˆhQ
sn nhsj dbsuv mfb-n©mfsbv idvi§¿D hst msb jvskb bf.
dkdb ofLfv disE nWqfv rskb ˆhQ diYsb zbAsj nWqfv-nÌDW jsv dbskb. (n}
ufsm' 4945bQ) zfv ˆ jfusj n©mfbrfdbjv Hfhskb bf. hvQ kf dYt k]fv dhbsqv
iajóx dblwGb.
nryvslv mfsUW dkdb `zbbA' rsq Kfjsk iY¦l jvskb bf. nÌDslv mfsU Kfjst
zidvdyk zsbsjƒ k]fsj nrsu dybsk ifvk bf. ˆjlf ˆj nIsv ˆjde Yfot
ifjfhfv jKf rt. ˆj nfrfhD htstb, `Wef pshr jvfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.'
zbA ˆjub htstb, `Wv yfmVf YfVfsbfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.'
zbA ˆjub htstb, `Wef vfâf jvfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.'
k]fslv zfmDv mrfbhD htstb, `u¶ftfdb nQoar jvfv lfdqk¶ zfmfv.'
k]fvf htstb, `zfmvfƒ psKó. (zfibfv jó jvfv iasqfub sbƒ.)'
dkdb htstb,
ً‫א‬T 'b8 •‫ א‬V ‫ &• ن‬78 • JV %‫ ‘ن א‬،HJ T ¾ ‫ • ن‬P ¥J!‫ و‬R YJI HJ 9' &6)
.(*/ +, /
ªzfdm ufdb, skfmvfƒ psKó. dj§Â zfdm ziY¦l jdv sp, skfmfslv mfsU ixKj
³hdwóA vfdJ. spsrkc zfïfr kfv hf¦lfv ubA ˆef ziY¦l jsvb sp, dkdb kfsj kfv
nÌDslv mfsU ixKj ³hdwóAhfb slsJb.«
nckvfQ dkdb …sE u¶ftfdb jfE nQoar jvsk tfostb. (zfvGfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 478ix})
dkdb mdrtfslvsj nftfm dlskb. (n} ufsm' 5015bQ)
zfbnfvslv nfsK nf[f{ jvsk spskb, k]fslv dwðslvsj nftfm dlskb ˆhQ
kfslv mfKfq rfk hctfskb. (‰ 4947bQ)
mlDbfv ÛÁDklfnDslv msLA sjfb sjfb ÛÁDklfnD bhD -ˆv rfk Lsv dbk, kfviv
113
sn (dbsuv iasqfusb) kfv ƒ¤Yfmk kf]sj dbsq spk. (hcJfvD 6072bQ)
htf hfùtA, mdrtf hf dwð hst dkdb kfslvsj kc¤Y jvskb bf. dwðsj dkdb nftfm
dlskb. (‰ 5014bQ) kfsk k]fv dhbq iajfw sik ˆhQ dwðslv msb zfb¦l.
dkdb dwðslvsj dbsq sJtfskb. zflv jsv …s©m nftfmfv dwðjbAf pqbfhsj
`pcƒqfbfh' htskb. (‰ 5025bQ)
mfrmCl dhb vfhD -ˆv hqn kJb i]fy hYv. mrfbhD sJtf¤Yst hftdk sKsj
mcsJ ifdb dbsq k]fv mcsJ jcdï jsv dlsqdYstb. (hcJfvD 77, mcndtm 1530bQ)
dkdb dwðslv ofst rfk dlsq zflv jvskb. ufshv dhb nfmcvfr hstb, `dkdb
zfmfv lcƒ ofst rfk dlstb. k]fv rfk dYt Efàf W nchfdnk; spb kf dkdb zfkv-
Wqftfv hfÆ sKsj shv jvstb. (mcndtm 6197bQ)
zfv iajdx kok hAfifv sp, dkdb dbu slZdrÛ rfnfb-ùnfƒbsj dbsq zflv jvskb,
sJtf sJtskb.
ˆjlf mrfbhD Jckhf dld¤Ystb. ˆmb nmq rpvk rfnfb W ùnfƒb isV-…sE
k]fv nfmsb zfnsk tfost dkdb dmìv sKsj dbsy sbsm k]fslvsj …isv kcst dbstb.
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf nkAƒ hstsYb,
(› S:b4 3 H4 PK 1‫د‬5?‫و‬4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !K ‫א‬: 84 5 ': BA)
(zKGf{, skfmfslv Lb-n©il W n§Àfb-n§Àdk skfmfslv ubA dIkbfƒ skf.---
kfofhcb } 15) zfdm ˆslvsj isV-…sE yst zfnsk slsJ SLpG vfJsk ifvtfm bf. hvQ
Jckhf há jsv ˆslvsj kcst dbtfm.« (zfrmfl 22995bQ, ncbfsb zfvhfzfr)
wfÜfl hstb, ˆjlf spfrv zKhf zfnsvv bfmfp iVfv …sÜswA dkdb zfmfslv
mfsU shv rstb. k]fv sjfst dYt rfnfb zKhf ùnfƒb. dkdb nfmsb dosq kfsj dbsuv
Ffb ifsqv jfsY vfJstb. zk}iv dkdb kjhDv dlsq bfmfp wcv¢ jvstb. bfmfp
iVsk iVsk dkdb ˆjde dnulfr (zöfHfdhj) tìf jvstb. (hAfifv bf hcsU) zfdm
stfsjv mfsU mfKf kcst sIttfm. slJtfm, dkdb dnulfr zh²¿fq zfsYb, zfv k]fv
disE dwwcde ysV hsn zfsY! zk}iv icbvfq zfdm dnulfq dIsv sotfm. zfïfrv vnCt
bfmfp swN jvst stfsjvf k]fsj htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb bfmfp iVsk
iVsk ˆjde dnulfr (zdLj) tìf jvstb. ˆv Ist zfmvf LfvBf jvtfm sp, djYc
rqskf Oet zKhf zfibfv …iv WrD zhkDBG rs¤Y.'
dkdb htstb, ªˆ nshv sjfbefƒ bq. zfnst (hAfifv rt), zfmfv shef (bfdk)
zfmfsj nWqfvD hfdbsq dbsqdYt. kfƒ kfv mb Hsv bf slWqf ipG§À (…Efv ubA)
kfVfkfdV jvfefsj zfdm ziY¦l jvtfm.« (nrDr bfnf„ 1093bQ, ƒhsb zfnfdjv, rfsjm)
ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, dkdb bfmfp iVskb, zfv dnulfr zh²¿fq rfnfb W
ùnfƒb k]fv disE ysV hnk. stfsjvf kfslvsj ˆmb jvsk mfbf jvst dkdb ƒwfvfq
htskb, ªWslvsj (dbsuv zh²¿fq) sYsV lfW.« zk}iv bfmfp swN jvst
kfslv …Hqsj sjfst hdnsq htskb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn spb ˆslvsj
Hfstfhfsn.« (ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 887bQ, hfƒrfj¶D 2/263)
zbcv™i dkdb …nfmf dhb pfqlsj sjfst hdnsq zflv jvskb. (hcJfvD 3747bQ)
 114
dkdb pqbfshv jbAf …mfmfsj sjfst dbsq bfmfp iVskb. dnulfv nmq bfdmsq
dlskb. zk}iv JfVf rst zfhfv sjfst kcst dbskb. (hcJfvD 516, mcndtm 1240bQ)
…s©m j¶fƒn dhs§À dmrn¶fb dbu lcsLv hf¤yfsj dbsq zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY
ˆstb. sn kJb mfsqv lcL YfVf zbA Jfhfv sJsk swsJdb. vnCt kfsj dbsuv
sjfst hnfstb. iv[sBƒ sn k]fv sjfst siwfh j'sv dlt. dkdb ifdb zfdbsq kfv
…iv dYdesq dlstb ˆhQ jfiV Lcstb bf. (hcJfvD 223, mcndtm 693bQ)
zsbj nmq rfhwD HfNf hstW dwðslv nfsK mufj jvskb. …s©m Jfstl dhs§À
Jfstl hstb, ˆjlf zfêfv nfsK zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje ˆtfm. zfmfv ofsq
rtcl ufmf dYt. kf slsJ dkdb zfmfsj (rfhwD HfNfq) htstb, `nfbfr-nfbfr'
(nc¦lv-nc¦lv). zk}iv zfdm k]fv disEv Wisv bhczskv smfrv dbsq sJtsk sotfm.
kf slsJ zfmfv zfêf zfmfsj Lmj dlstb. dj§Â dkdb htstb, `sYsV lfW Wsj.'
(hcJfvD 3071bQ)
zfhc …mfƒv bfmj ˆj dwwcv sJtbf ifJD (bcofƒv) mfvf sost sn lc}dJk rt. kf
slsJ dkdb kfsj sJfw jvfv ubA mõvf jsv htstb, `ˆƒ sp zfhC …mfƒv! jD jsvsY
bcofƒv?« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4884bQ)
ˆƒ swaBDv zfsvf jk Oebf zfsY, pfv äfvf hcUf pfq, mrfbhD dwðslv nfsKW
dhbq-bmakf W sn´r-mmkfv hAhrfv ialwGb jvskb.
sjbbf dkdb vfnCtïc fr . dkdb hstsYb,
.« 1*> !‫ א‬1*: 5 : >?@A 3*> !3 &< O
: 5 :Šk
: ‫א‬: I: 8: ‫و‬: ،‫א‬T̈3 >?@A ٍ Yْ : /3 ‫א‬Q&4 : 1*> !‫ א‬:‫אد‬:‫ ز‬8: ‫و‬: ،ٍ‫ ل‬8: 74 83 › 65 :&,
: 9
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ªlfb jvst mft jsm pfq bf. [mfwDtkfv jfvsB zfïfr hf¦lfv n©mfb hdLGk
jsvb ˆhQ sp sj… zfïfrv Wqfs²À dhbqD rq, zfïfr kfsj nmcâk jsvb.« (mcndtm
6757bQ, dkvdmpD)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.« N&O
: 5 5 : &< O
: 5 “3 4 V: 5?‫و‬: N&O
: 5 5 : &< O
: 5 :ž
: Yْ V: 5? bBO
: ‫ א‬1k
: ‫א‬: I: ‫ن‬4 5 B !5 @A O
: ‫و‬4 5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
ªzhwAƒ zfïfr kfzftf zfmfsj iakAfslw jsvsYb sp, `skfmvf dhbqD rW; pfsk
ˆsj zsbAv …iv ohG bf jsv ˆhQ sj… jfsvf iadk zbAfqyvB bf jsv.' (mcndtm 7389bQ)
zfv dkdb lczf j'sv htskb, ªsr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv dbjse z[mkf, ztnkf,
jxiBkf, ²¿dhvkf ˆhQ jhsvv zfpfh sKsj ifbfr yfd¤Y. sr zfïfr! zfmfv zfk¹fq
skfmfv HDdk ialfb jv ˆhQ kfsj idhÛ jv, kcdmƒ swaô idhÛjfvD. kcdmƒ kfv
zdHHfhj W iaHc. sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv dbje snƒ ƒtm sKsj ifbfr yfd¤Y, pf
sjfb …ijfsv zfsn bf. snƒ r™lq sKsj ifbfr yfd¤Y, pf dhbqD rq bf. snƒ zfk¹f
sKsj ifbfr yfd¤Y, pf kxå rq bf ˆhQ snƒ lczf sKsj ifbfr yfd¤Y, pf jhct rq bf.«
(mcndtm 7081bQ)

k]fv nrukf
äDsb ƒntfm kKf zfmfslv lqfv bhD -ˆv nrukfv bmcbf ˆƒ sp, wvDqskv hù
115
jdEb zfmtsj nru jsv slWqf rsqsY. pfv ubA sn zfmt jvf jójv, kfv ubA kf
tfOh jsv slWqf rsqsY zKhf [mf jsv slWqf rsqsY.
z[m mfbcNsj wvDqskv Hfv sKsj mcdÙÁ slWqf rsqsY. sp zfmt sj… jvsk n[m
bq, sn zfmtsj kfv ubA rfîf jsv slWqf rsqsY zKhf mfI jsv slWqf rsqsY.
zsbj nmq sp dudbn `rfvfm' dYt, sn dudbn iasqfub-nfsis[ kfv ubA `rftft'
jsv slWqf rsqsY.
ðLc kfƒ bq, sp zfmt bf jvsk zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY, zbcmdk oarB j'sv sn
zfmt bf jvfefƒ mrfb zfïfrv jfsY shdw iY¦lbDq htf rsqsY.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(1*b1: #3 4 8: I:—4 I1 ‫ن‬4 5 1•: Jْ V: ': P5 1*# 1; : 1 I:—4 I1 ‫ن‬4 5 2d+ 3 V1 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
ªmrfb zfïfr iY¦l jsvb sp, k]fv zbcmdk oarB jvf srfj; spmb dkdb ziY¦l
jsvb sp, k]fv zhfLAkf jvf srfj.« (zfrmfl 5866, 5873bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.(1*'1 s3 ‫א‬:T: I:—4 I1 ‫ن‬4 5 2d+ 3 V1 ': P5 1*# 1; : 1 : :nْ I1 ‫ن‬4 5 2d+ 3 V1 B L
: ‫و‬: TB : :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
ªmrfb zfïfr iY¦l jsvb sp, k]fv zbcmdknmCr oarB jvf srfj; spmb dkdb iY¦l
jsvb sp, k]fv IvpnmCr iftb jvf srfj.« (hfƒrfj¶D, k¶fhfvfbD, ƒhsb drêfb 354bQ, hfpXpfv iamcJ)
mrfb zfïfr mfbh-lfbh nxdó jsvsYb k]fv ƒhflskv ubA. dj§Â dkdb jf…sj jó
dlsk yfbdb. mfbcsNv ncsJv ubA dkdb wvDqskv dhLfb dlsqsYb. wvDqskv dhLfb
yfdisq dkdb mfbcNsj zncJD jvsk yfbdb. zhwA sj… pdl dbsuv …iv äDbsj shfU
msb jsv zKhf shfUf öv™i yfdisq sbq, kfrst sn jKf dHâ. spmb zbcmdk nsÙ¶W
sj… pdl kf oarB bf jsv zKhf bpv ƒkAfdl smsb dbsuv Wiv sjfb zfmtsj
Wqfsuh jsv sbq, kfrst kf wvDqsk hfÒbDq bq.
idhÛkfv dhLfb rfîf j'sv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{:‫ون‬1 JK f4 I: H4 JK > : !5 H4 JK 4 5 : 1*b:': 4 3 BHb3 1 !3‫و‬: H4 PK : XB Œ5 1 !3 1&V@ V1 73J!5 ‫و‬: ‫ ٍج‬: O
: 74 8M HKJ4 5 : : : ~ 4 : !3 1*’ !‫ א‬1&V@ V1 8: }
"&s ‫( " א‬٦)
ªzfïfr skfmfslvsj sjfb iajfv jó dlsk yfb bf, hvQ dkdb skfmfslvsj idhÛ
jvsk yfb W skfmfslv iadk kf]v zbcora n©iCBG jvsk yfb, pfsk skfmvf jxkÎkf
Îfib jv.« (mfdqlfr } 6)
äDsbv dhLfb lfb j'sv mrfb naóf mfbcNsj jó dlsk yfbdb. k]fv ±ió sOfNBf,
:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A H4 JK /3 5 5 > 8M ‫ ٍج‬: O
: 74 83 @7VM&!‫ א‬R3 H4 JK 4 5 : : : L
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: 3*> !‫ א‬R3 ‫وא‬1&\3 L
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@‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬5 : ‫א‬:&X: 1 ‫ א‬1 JK I:‫و‬: H4 JK 4 5 : ‫א‬Q& X@ : 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬JK : !3 ‫א‬:W\: R3 ‫و‬: 1 4 65 738 : '34 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1HPK 'B : : \1
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3 b:4 ‫א‬:‫" و‬5 P5 TB !‫ א א‬I1-:‫" و‬5 5 #
B !‫' א א‬1 63 5‚5
zKGf{, nQoafm jv zfïfrv isK spHfsh nQoafm jvf …dyk; dkdb skfmfslvsj
msbfbDk jsvsYb. dkdb äDsbv hAfifsv skfmfslv …iv sjfb jdEbkf zfsvfi jsvbdb;
ˆef skfmfslv dikf ƒhafrDsmv dmïfk (LmGflwG); dkdb iCshG skfmfslv bfmjvB jsvsYb
 116
`mcndtm' ˆhQ ˆƒ oas§¿W; pfsk vnCt skfmfslv ubA nf[D öv™i rq ˆhQ skfmvf nf[D
öv™i rW mfbh ufdkv ubA. nckvfQ skfmvf bfmfp jfsqm jv, pfjfk zflfq jv ˆhQ
zfïfrsj zhtìb jv; dkdbƒ skfmfslv zdHHfhj, jk …Ùm zdHHfhj ˆhQ
jk …Ùm nfrfpAjfvD dkdb! (rfÏ } 78)
zfslw mfÛƒ kf iftb jvf Ivp, kf bq. kf iftb jvfv [mkf Kfjsk rsh. sj…
iftb jvsk z[m rst, kf iftb jvf kfv ubA zfhwAj bq. sn jKfW mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
1H\1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K‚5 3*3 Yْ : B]1 :‫ ق‬V1 7:8‫و‬: H4 JK 3 YK 5‚!q ‫א‬Q 4 ;
: ‫ א‬nK Y3 5 ‫و‬: ‫ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: ‫ א‬1 ': 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 b14 Œ5 b:4 ‫ א‬8: :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB 5 }
7/ “b!‫( " א‬١٦) {:‫ ن‬+
1 3Yْ '1 !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, skfmvf zfïfrsj pKfnfLA Hq jv ˆhQ swfsbf, zfbcokA jv W hAq jv,
skfmfslv dbsuslvƒ jtAfB rsh. zfv pfvf z§Àsvv jfiGBA rsk mcÙÁ, kfvfƒ nItjfm.
(kfofhcb } 16)
äDb jdEb bq. kfsj jdEb hfbfsbf …dyk bq. mrfbhD hstsYb,
3O
: ‫و‬4 B !‫א‬:‫" و‬3 ‫و‬: &4 “: !ْ /3 ‫ א‬S1 3 b:4 ‫א‬:‫وא و‬1 f3 /45 ‫و‬: ‫ א‬/1@ 65 ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1‫د‬M&: 5 1*:5 ©5 !> @A &< O
: 5 7: VM&!‫ א‬B‫ د‬f: V1 74 !5 ‫و‬: < 4 V1 :7VM&!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
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ªdbÇyq äDb nru. sp hAdÙÁ zsrkcj äDbsj jdEb hfbfsh, kfv …iv äDb iaht rsq
pfsh. (zKGf{ mfbcN ivfduk rsq zfmt sYsV dlsh.) nckvfQ skfmvf snfuf isK Kfj
ˆhQ (ƒhflsk) mLAmi§¿f zhtìb jv. skfmvf ncnQhfl bfW. zfv njft-náAf W
vfskv djYc zQsw ƒhflk jvfv mfLAsm nfrfpA bfW.« (hcJfvD 39bQ)
mrfb zfïfrv dbje snƒ äDblfvD iY¦l, pfsk nvtkf W nrukf zfsY. mrfbhD
hstsYb,
.( +
: '4 B !‫ א‬K B Y3 S:+
: !ْ ‫ א‬3%‫! א‬5 @A @7V4 M&!‫ א‬2dO
: 5)
zKGf{, zfïfrv dbje nhsysq iY¦lbDq äDb rt ˆjdbô nvt. (zfrmfl 2108, zft-
zflfhct mcIvfl hcJfvD 283, dn} nrDrfr 881bQ)
[mkfv hfƒsv jónfLA jfu jvf ƒntfsm iY¦l bq. lqfv bhD sn jKfW
hstsYb,
.«‫ א‬r': I: bBO : 1*’ !‫ א‬2 ': V: 5? 3*’ !‫א‬: 5 ،:‫ ن‬nK Œ3 I1 8: @ ': : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 H4 JK 4 5 : »
ªskfmvf nfLAmskf zfmt jv. zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr j¾f§À rb bf, pk[B bf
skfmvf j´f§À rsq iV.« zfv snƒ zfmt k]fv dbje diaqkm dYt, spef kfv zfmtjfvD
tfofkfv j'sv Kfsj. (hcJfvD-mcndtm)
zfmt jvsk hf zfmt jvsk mfbcNsj htskW jsEfvkf zhtìb jvf ³hL bq.
mrfbhD mczfp W zfhC mCnf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf)sj lfWqfskv jfsu ƒqfmfb
ifEfhfv nmq hstdYstb,
.( Y5 3b:ž
4 I: !5 ‫و‬: : ‫و‬: Œ5 I:‫و‬: ‫א‬: Yq S:I1 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬: fM /:‫و‬: ‫א‬: M : I1 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬: M V: )
ªskfmvf nru jv, jdEb jsvf bf. ncnQhfl lfW, hDkwaÝ jsvf bf. iv±iv smsb-
117
mfdbsq ystf, mkdhsvfL jsvf bf.« (hcJfvD 3038, mcndtm 4526bQ)
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `vfnCtcïfr -sj pJbƒ lc'de jfsuv msLA
öfLDbkf slWqf rk, kJbƒ dkdb sn lc'dev msLA nru jfude oarB jvskb; pdl sn
jfude odrGk bf rk. dj§Â kf odrGk jfu rst dkdb kf sKsj njstv sysq shdw lCsv
Kfjskb. zfv vfnCtïc fr dbsuv ubA jJbƒ sjfb dhNsq iadkswfL oarB jsvbdb.
dj§Â (sj…) zfïfrv rfvfmjxk jfu j'sv sItst dkdb sjhtmfÛ zfïfrv ubA
iadkswfL dbskb.' (hcJfvD 3560, mcndtm 6190bQ)
sp äDblfvDsk nvtkf W mLAmi§¿f zfsY, snƒ äDblfvD rt nshGfÙm. mrfbhD
hstsYb,
.(1•1 : V4 5 H4 JK S3 V3‫ د‬1 4 ;
:)
ªnhGswaô äDb rt, pf (iftb jvf) nru.« (n} ufsm' 3309bQ)
bhD hstb, ªäDsbv hAfifsv dbsuv i[ sKsj jsEfvkf zhtìbjfvDvf L¶Qn rsq
sot. (zKhf L¶Qn srfj.)« ˆ jKf dkdb dkbhfv htstb. (mcndtm 6955bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
.« ‫א‬Q M : 81 'Q q : 81 S3 „:: /: 74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: bQSM: b:81 5?‫و‬: bQSM: 81 S3„4 : 4 V: H4 !5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
ªzfmfsj zfïfr dbsuv hAfifsv W zisvv hAfifsv jsEfv j'sv ifEfbdb. hvQ dkdb
zfmfsj nvt dw[j j'sv ifdEsqsYb.« (mcndtm 3763bQ)
dkdb syóf jvskb, pfsk sjfb zfmt …©mskv …iv hrft jvf rq zk}iv kf
kfslv ubA jdEb bf rsq isV. ˆƒ zfwËfq dkdb ufmfzfk nrjfsv dkb dlb
kfvfhDrv bfmfp isVdYstb. kfviv kf Ivp rsq pfWqfv Hsq huGb jsvdYstb.
(hcJfvD 7290, mcndtm 1819bQ)
dkdb nru jvfv mfbsnƒ yfƒskb bf sp, stfsjvf k]fsj zpKf iaw´ jv¢j. dkdb
hstsYb,
.(3*b3 !5 5‚4 8: @ L
4 5 74 83 :‫م‬M +1 5 ‫م‬4 B +
: V1 H4 !5 N R4 : 74 : :‫ل‬5‚: 74 8: 8Q 4 L 1 : '3 34 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:Hƒ5 4 5 B‫@ن‬A)
zKGf{, mcndtmslv msLA nhsysq hV zivfLD rt snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp ˆmb sjfb dudbsnv
hAfifsv iaw´ jvt, pf rfvfm dYt bf. zk}iv kfv iaw´ jvfv Ist kf rfvfm j'sv
slWqf rt. (hcJfvD 7289, mcndtm 6265bQ)
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, vfnCtcïfr zfmfslv nfmsb HfNB lfbjfst htstb, ªsr
stfj njt! zfïfr skfmfslv …iv (hfqkcïfrv) rÏ Ivp jsvsYb, zkˆh skfmvf
rÏ iftb jv.« ˆjde stfj hst …Et, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! iadk hYv kf jvsk rsh
dj?' dkdb dbv¢Ùv Kfjstb ˆhQ stfjde swN ipG§À dkbhfv duÎfnf jvt. zk}iv
vfnCtïc fr htstb, ªpdl zfdm htkfm, rA]f. kfrst (iadk hYsv) rÏ Ivp rsq
spk. zfv skfmvf kf iftb jvsk z[m rsk.« zk}iv dkdb htstb,
H4 JK I14 8: 5 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 H4 X@ s3 : 3 4 5 5 : H4 X@ 3 5 b3 ; 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X@ !3‫א‬:—1 "3 : „4 J5 /3 H4 JK 5 4 65 :‫ ن‬P5 74 8: 5h5 \: ': B@‘5 H4 JK b1Pْ : I: 8: 3 ‫و‬1 :‫» ذ‬
.« 1• 1 :&5 N 4 : 74 : H4 JK b14 X: : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: H4 b14 Œ5 b:4 ‫ א‬8: 1*S4 83 ‫ א‬I1ْ‚5 N 4 f: /3
 118
ªskfmvf zfmfsj (zfmfv zh²¿fq) sYsV lfW, pk[B zfdm skfmfslvsj (skfmfslv
ö ö zh²¿fq) sYsV vfJh. sjbbf, skfmfslv iCshGjfv ufdkvf zdk mfÛfq duÎfnfhfl
W kfslv iqoìvslv dhsvfdLkf jvfv lv¢b L¶Qn rsqsY. nckvfQ zfdm pJb
skfmfslvsj sjfb djYc jvfv zfslw slh, kJb skfmvf kf nfLAmk iftb jvsh. zfv
pf jvsk dbsNL jvh, kf huGb jvsh.« (mcndtm 3321bQ)
dkdb nvt-nru ydvsÛv dw[j dYstb. ˆmb ydvsÛv jKf kfWvfk-ƒÓDstW stJf
zfsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
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zKGf{, pfvf dbv[v vnCt W bhDv zbcnvB jsv, pfv …sïJ kWvfk W ƒÓDt pf
kfslv dbje zfsY kfsk dtdihÝ ifq, sp kfslvsj n{jfsuv dbslGw slq W
zn{jfsu dbsNL jsv, sp kfslv ubA idhÛ h²ÂnmCrsj ShL jsv W zidhÛ
h²ÂnmCrsj zShL jsv ˆhQ sp kfslv Hfv W háb pf kfslv …iv dYt (kf rsk)
kfslvsj mcÙÁ jsv. nckvfQ pfvf kfv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsv, kfsj n©mfb jsv, kfsj
nfrfpA jsv ˆhQ sp zfstf kfv nfsK zhkDBG jvf rsqsY kfv zbcnvB jsv, kfvfƒ
rsh nItjfm. (zf'vfI } 157)
ƒqfùlD W dJa±efbLsmG ˆmb djYc Hfv W háb dYt, kf ƒntfsm sbƒ. ƒntfm rt
nvt W nru LmG. ƒntfsm sjfb hAdÙÁsj kfv nfsLAv zkDk Hfv slWqf rq bf. ˆ
jKf mrfb zfïfr zsbj ²¿fsb hstsYb,
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ªzfïfr jf…sjW kfv nfsLAv zdkdvÙÁ lfdqk¶ ziGB jsvb bf.« (hfj¶fvfr } 286)
\: I:- 8: !> @A Q Yْ : 1*> !‫ א‬1}q J5 V1 !5 1*>!‫ א‬1• I:- 'B 83 Z4 Y3 S1 ْ 5 1*6K ‫ز‬4 @ 3*4 5 : : 3&6K 7:8‫و‬: 3*b3 : : 7M8 N : : ‫و‬1‫ ذ‬Z4 Y3 S1 !3}
‫ ق‬Œ!‫( " א‬٧) {‫א‬Q 4 V1 ٍ 4 1 :&4 /: 1*> !‫ א‬1 : ~ 4 ::
ªnfmKGAhfb dbu nfmKGA zbcpfqD hAq jvsh ˆhQ pfv uDhsbfijvB nDdmk, sn zfïfr
kfsj pf lfb jsvsYb kf rsk hAq jvsh. zfïfr pfsj sp nfmKGA dlsqsYb, kfv sysq
Èv¢kv shfUf dkdb kfv …iv yfifb bf. zfïfr jsóv iv öd²À lfb jvshb.« (k¶ftfj¶ } 7)
X: 3 H4 \1 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬1$ +
:,4 5 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K X: : 4 ‫و‬1 >?@A Q Yْ : 1}q J5 1 5? 3U +
: !3 #
B !‫ אْ א‬K'3 : ‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫}و‬
‫( " א א‬٤٢) {:‫ون‬1&!3 ;
:
ªzfdm jf…sjW kfv nfLAfkDk Hfv ziGB jdv bf. pfvf dhÇhfn jsv W n{jfu jsv,
kfvfƒ rsh ufâfkhfnD, snJfsb kfvf dyvjft Kfjsh.« (zf'vfI }42)
mrfb nxdójkGf ivm lqftc. äDsbv bhD mc'dmbslv iadk sn´rwDt lqfûG-r™lq. kfƒ
wvDqskv sjfb dudbn iftb jvf jdEb bq. sjfb dbslGswv s[sÛƒ jsEfvkf zhtìb
119
jvsk htf rqdb. hvQ mrfb zfïfr ±ióƒ hstsYb,
. [١٨٥ :" n !‫ { ] א‬4 1 !‫ א‬HKJ/3 1&V V1 ?‫ و‬4 1 !‫ א‬HKJ/3 %‫& א‬V V1 }
zKGf{, zfïfr skfmfslv (ubA pf) nru (kf) jvsk yfb, dkdb skfmfslv jó yfb bf.
(hfj¶fvfr } 185)
mcrf©mflD wvDqsk zsbj jdEb dudbn sp nru, kfv djYc bmcbf dbm´v™i }-
dbdlGó nmsq bfmfp jfsqm jvf Ivp. (dbnf } 103)
dj§Â sj… bfmfp iVsk Ocdmsq zKhf Hcst sost zivfL rsh bf. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.« x@ Pْ 3W!3 "5 5 #
B !‫@ א‬H63 5 1‫ ل‬nK V: :*> !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 \: : P5 :‫א ذ‬:‫@ذ‬A X: q #
: 1 ْ 5 X: S4 : : Y5 ©5 ‫و‬4 5 "3 5 #
B !‫@ א‬7: H4 PK 1&O
: 5 :&65 : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A »
zKGf{, skfmfslv sj… pJb bfmfp iVsk Ocdmsq pfq zKhf Hcst pfq, sn spb (ufof
W) ±mvB rWqf mfÛ kf isV sbq. spsrkc zfïfr hstb, ªkcdm zfmfv ±mvsBv ubA
bfmfp iV.« (mcndtm 1601bQ)
sjfb ³hL jfvsB W nIsv spfrv-zfnv W mfodvh-ˆwf ˆjde zsbAv nmsq ˆjsÛ
umf j'sv iVf ncâk.
bfmfp l]fdVsq iVsk bf ifvst hsn, kfW bf ifvst ðsq ˆhQ ƒwfvfskW bfmfp rsq
pfq.
mdrtfslv ubA jójv, kfƒ kfslv ubA ucmzfr W ufmfzfskv bfmfp Wqfsuh bq.
dwð, ÎfbwCbA W Ocm§À hAdÙÁsj wvDqskv Hfv sKsj mcÙÁ sOfNBf jvf rsqsY.
vnCt hstsYb, ªdkb hAdÙÁv dbje rsk (djvfmfb jfskhDsbv ifi-icBA dtJfv)
jtm kcst sbWqf rsqsY; dwð rsk, pkdlb bf sn nfhftj rsqsY, Ocm§À hAdÙÁ rsk
pk[B bf sn ufoak rsqsY ˆhQ ifot hAdÙÁ rsk pk[B bf sn nc²¿ rsqsY.« (zfrmfl
1/140, zfhC lf†l 4399bQ, rfsjm 4/430)
ˆkDsmv mft H[B jvf rfvfm sOfNBf jvf rsqsY. dj§Â zHfhD rst bAfqHfsh H[B
³hL jvf rsqsY. (dbnf } 6)
vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
.« "N 5 ,
: M PK :&S4 3 3g‫א‬: M ! /3 H4 X1 I14 8: 5 b3 8B K 5 : BZ1 5 ‫ن‬4 5 5?4 !5 »
ªpdl zfdm zfmfv …©mskv …iv jdEb msb bf jvkfm, kfrst iadkde bfmfspv
nfsK lf]kb jvfv zfslw dlkfm.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm 612bQ)
zbcv™i hstsYb ˆwfv bfmfpsj zLG vfdÛ ipG§À didYsq slWqfv hAfifsv. (mcndtm
1477bQ)
k]fv zbcnvB jsv mc'dmbslv jó rsh hstƒ dkdb iaskAj zdHpfsb zQwoarB
jsvbdb. (hcJfvD 2797, mcndtm 4973bQ)
rÏ jvsk dosq jcvhfbDv dlb njfst ifKv smsv jcvhfbD jvsk rq. zk}iv yct
jfdmsq mÄfq dosq kWqfI W nf„ jvsk rq.
dj§Â sndlbjfv sjfb zfmt sj… zfof-diYf jsv k]fsj duÎfnf jvst dkdb
hstdYstb, ªsjfb nmnAf sbƒ.« (hcJfvD 83, 1737, mcndtm 3216bQ)
ˆjlf ˆj bfmfspv iv nfrfhfoB k]fsj bfbf nmnAfv dhNsq duÎfnf jvsk tfostb.
iaskAj nmnAfv hAfifsv dkdb nru j'sv …Ùv dlsq htstb,
 120
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ªnmnAf sbƒ. sr stfj njt! dbÇyq zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv äDb vsqsY nrukfq.«
(zfrmfl 20669, k¶fhfvfbDv zf…nfk¶ 372, zfhC qAf'tf 6863bQ)
rfvfm dudbn sJsk hfLA rst kf rftft rsq pfq, ˆ jKf jcvzfsbv ˆjfdLj ufqofq
htf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 3*4 !5 @A H4 I14 @ ŒK k
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: 8B HKJ!5 : #
B 5 &4 65 ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 3*’ !‫ א‬1H4 ‫ א‬: P3 1‫' ذ‬B 83 ْ‫ א‬K PK ْ‚I: >?5 H4 JK !5 8: ‫و‬: }
‫( " א م‬١١٩) {:7V3&b:4 '1 !ْ /3 1H5 4 5 : \1 5h/B: B‫@ن‬A Hٍ ْ 3 @ 4 “: /3 H@Xs3 ‫א‬: \4 5‚/3 :‫ ن‬r3 1 !> ‫א‬Q•„3 P5
ªskfmfslv dj rsqsY sp, pfv pshrjfst zfïfrv bfm sbWqf rsqsY, skfmvf kf
H[B jvsh bf? zKy skfmvf dbv¢ifq bf rst pf skfmfslv ubA dbdNÝ, kf dkdb
dhwlHfshƒ skfmfslv dbje dhhxk jsvsYb. zsbsj zÎfbkfhwk} dbsuslv sJqft-
JcwD äfvf zhwAƒ zbAsj dhiKofmD jsv. dbÇyq skfmfv iadkiftj nDmf
tQObjfvDslv nìsá ndhswN zhdrk.« (‚bX‚m } 119)
N‫ د‬: 5?‫و‬: ‫ ٍغ‬/: : 4 ©5 B ŒK k
4 ‫@ א‬7': 5 3*’ !‫ @ א‬4 “: !3 3*/3 B \3 K 8: ‫و‬: @ V@TS3ž!ْ ‫ א‬:H+
4 !5 ‫و‬: :‫م‬B&!‫א‬:‫ و‬5 b:4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬1HJK 4 5 : :‫م‬B O
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ªdbÇyq (zfïfr) skfmfslv ubA wcLc mxk uDh, vÙÁ, wCjsvv mfQn ˆhQ sp nh
u§Âv …isv (pshr jfst) zfïfr YfVf zsbAv bfm …¤yfvB jvf rsq Kfsj kf skfmfslv
ubA zShL jsvsYb. dj§Â sp zbsbAfifq zKy zbAfqjfvD djQhf nDmftQObjfvD bq,
kfv sjfb ifi rsh bf. zfïfr yvm [mfwDt ivm lqftc.« (hfj¶fvfr } 173)
"&s ‫( " א‬٣) {H< O 3 B < YK ©5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 Hٍ ‰4 @‘!q N}3 ~
: b:81 : 4 ©5 N #
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4 8: R3 B ŒK k4 ‫@ א‬7': 5 }
(skfmfslv ubA rfvfm (zShL) jvf rsqsY---) ksh pdl sj… [cLfv kfVbfq (dbdNÝ
dudbN sJsk) hfLA rq; dj§Â ƒ¤Yf j'sv ifsiv dlsj U]csj bf, kfrst (kfv ubA) zfïfr
yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (mfdqlfr } 3)
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ªht, zfmfv iadk sp iakAfslw rsqsY, kfsk zfrfvjfvD pf zfrfv jsv, kfv msLA
zfdm djYcƒ dbdNÝ ifƒ bf. ksh mxkiafBD, hrmfb vÙÁ W wCjsvv mfQn; sjbbf kf
zidhÛ. zKhf (pshrjfst) zfïfr YfVf zsbAv bfm sbWqfv jfvsB pf zShL. ksh
sj… zhfLA bf rsq ˆhQ nDmftQOb bf jsv kf oarsB hfLA rst, skfmfv iadkiftj
zhwAƒ yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.« (‚bX‚m } 145)
Iuv …lq sKsj nCpfG ²À ipG§À …ihfn sKsj svfpf vfJfv dhLfb dlsq pfslv ubA kf
jójv rq, kfslv ubA hstsYb,
› V: &4 3 1*: nK Œ3 V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5 : ‫و‬: : ;
: K ‫ ٍم‬VB5 74 8M ›"B&3 5 ٍ Y5 : 5 : ‫و‬4 5 Q V@ 8B HKJS38 :‫ ن‬P5 7:'5 NU‫א‬:‫ود‬1&4 8B 8Q VB 5 }
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" n !‫( " א‬١٨٥) {:‫ون‬1 JK f4 I: H4 JK > : !5 ‫و‬: H4 PK ‫א‬:&\: 8: 5 : :*’ !‫وאْ א‬1 MJ5 b1!3‫و‬: "5 B&3 !ْ ‫ אْ א‬K '3 Jْ b1!3‫و‬:
zKGf{, (svfpf) dbdlGó jsqj dlsbv ubA. skfmfslv msLA sj… znc²¿ rst hf nIv
zh²¿fq Kfjst zbA dlsb ˆ nQJAf iCvB jsv sbsh. zfv pfvf svfpf vfJfv nfmKGA Kfjf
nsÙ¶W svfpf vfJsk yfq bf (pfvf svfpf vfJsk z[m), kfvf ˆv idvhskG ˆjub
dmnjDbsj JflA lfb jvsh. iv§Â sp hAdÙÁ JcwDv nfsK n{jmG jsv, kf kfv ubA
jtAfBjv rq. zfv pdl skfmvf svfpf vfJ, kfrst kf skfmfslv ubA dhswN jtAfBianC;
pdl skfmvf …itdé jvsk ifv. vmpfb mfn, ˆsk mfbcsNv dlwfvD ˆhQ n{isKv ±ió
dblwGb W nkAfnskAv ifKGjAjfvDv™si jcvzfb zhkDBG jvf rsqsY. zkˆh skfmfslv
msLA sp sj… ˆ mfn ifsh sn spb kfsk svfpf iftb jsv. zfv sp znc²¿ zKhf mcnfdIv
Kfsj, kfsj zbA dlsb ˆ nQJAf iCvB jvsk rsh. zfïfr skfmfslv (ubA pf) nru (kf)
jvsk yfb, dkdb skfmfslv jó yfb bf. spb skfmvf (svfpfv) dbLGfdvk nQJAf iCvB jsv
dbsk ifv ˆhQ skfmfslvsj sp nciK sldJsqsYb, kfv ubA skfmvf zfïfrv kjhDv
ifE (mdrmf hBGbf) jv ˆhQ spb skfmvf jxkÎ rsk ifv. (hfj¶fvfr } 184-185)
hvQ mrfb zfïfrv zbcmdk, nIsv svfpf bf vfJfƒ …Ùm. zfbfn hstb, zfïfrv
vnCt (nfrfhf nr) ˆj nIsv dYstb. k]fslv djYc stfj svfpf vfJt ˆhQ djYc vfJt
bf. pfvf svfpf vfsJdb kfvf hcdÝ jsv svfpf HfÌt ˆhQ jfu jvt. zfv pfvf svfpf
svsJdYt kfvf djYc jfu jvsk lcht G rsq iVt. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªzfu pfvf
svfpf vfsJdb kfvfƒ nWqfh jfdmsq dbt.« (hcJfvD 2890, mcndtm 1119bQ, bfnf„)
mrfbhD mÄf-dhuq zdHpfsb svfpf svsJdYstb. dj§Â k]fv
jfsY Jhv ˆt sp, stfsjvfW svfpf svsJsY, zfv ˆv Ist kfvf jó HcosY
ˆhQ dkdb jD jvsYb, kf ufbfv zsi[f jvsY. nckvfQ zfnsvv iv
dkdb ˆj ifÛ ifdb zfdbsq ifb jvstb. stfsjvf ˆ lxwA kfdjsq slJsk
tfot. k]fsj htf rt, djYc stfj svfpf zh²¿fq zfsY. dkdb htstb, ªkfvf
bfIvmfb, kfvf zhfLA.« (mcndtm 1114bQ)
ufshv hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt ˆj nIsv dYstb. dkdb slJstb
stfsjvf ˆjde stfjsj dOsv umf rsqsY ˆhQ stfjdev …iv Yfqf jvf
rsqsY. dkdb htstb, ªjD rsqsY Wv?« stfsjvf htt, `stfjde svfpf
svsJsY.' dkdb htstb, ªnIsv skfmfslv svfpf vfJf Hft jfu bq.«
(hcJfvD 1946, mcndtm 1115bQ)
nIsvv yfv vfjzfkdhdwó bfmfpsjW zsLGj j'sv iVfv zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY.
WpCsk if bf Lcsq öoxsr zh²¿fbjfvDv ubA 1 dlb ˆhQ mcnfdIsvv ubA 3 dlb smfufv
Wiv wkGnfsis[ mfnfr jvfv zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY.
ifdb bf ifWqf sost zKhf ifdbv hAhrfv [dkjv rst WpC-sofnstv hlst mfde
 122
äfvf kfqf©mcm jvfv dhLfb vsqsY wvDqsk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
c@ /3 : >?@A QS1L
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: x: J5 1 H4 b1 5 ‫و‬: "5 5 #
B !‫ אْ א‬/1: nْ I: 5? ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
H4 5 5 : SM!‫ א‬1Hb14 8: 5? ‫و‬4 5 •3 s3v:“!ْ ‫ א‬7M8 HKJSM8 &< O
:5 L
: ‫و‬4 5 ٍ Y5 : 5 : ‫و‬4 5 k
: 4 8B H1bSKP ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬K 3 b:“4 I: : bBO
: ٍ 3:
S!‫( א‬٤٣) {‫א‬Q YK ©5 ‫ ¨א‬YK : :‫ ن‬P5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 JK V3&V4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK \3 L1 1 /3 ْ‫ א‬+
1 : 84 5 QM ¦5 ‫א‬Q& 3 , : ْ‫' א‬1 'B :b:5 8: ْ‫وא‬1&~
3 I:
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf sbwfv zh²¿fq bfmfspv dbjehkDG rsqf bf, pk[B bf
skfmvf dj htY, kf hcUsk ifv ˆhQ zidhÛ zh²¿fskW bq, pdl skfmvf iKyfvD bf
rW, pk[B ipG§À bf skfmvf sofnt jv. zfv pdl skfmvf iDdVk rW zKhf nIsv
Kfj zKhf skfmfslv sj… ifqJfbf (swZy²¿fb) rsk zfsn zKhf skfmvf bfvD-ns©Hfo
jv ˆhQ ifdb bf ifW, kfrst idhÛ mfde äfvf kfqf©mcm jv; (kf) mcsJ W rfsk hcdtsq
sbsh. dbÇyq zfïfr ivm mfuGbfjfvD, zkA§À [mfwDt. (dbnf } 43)
ْ‫ א‬+
1 : 84 ‫א‬:‫@ و‬Z3 ‫א‬: ': !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A H4 JK V: 3&V4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK \: L
1 ‫و‬1 ْ‫ א‬K 3 ©ْ "3 #
B !‫! א‬5 @A H4 b1'4 6K ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A ‫ ْא‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
&< O
:5 L
: ‫و‬4 5 ٍ Y5 : 5 : ‫و‬4 5 k
: 4 8B H1bSKP ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ْ‫وא‬1 XB ¦> 5 QS1L
1 H4 b1 SKP ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: @ :4 J5 !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A H4 JK 5 L
1 4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK 3 ‫و‬1–1 /3
1*S4 8M HKJV3&V4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK \3 L
1 1 /3 ْ‫ א‬+
1 : 84 5 QM ¦5 ‫א‬Q& 3 ,
: ْ‫' א‬1 'B : b:5 8: ْ‫وא‬1&~
3 I: H4 5 5 : SM!‫ א‬1Hb14 8: 5? ‫و‬4 5 •3 s3 “: !ْ ‫ א‬:78M HKJSB8
(٦) {:‫ون‬1 JK f4 I: H4 JK > : !5 H4 JK 4 5 : 1*b:': 4 3 BHb3 1 !3‫و‬: H4 PK : XB Œ5 1 !3 1&V@ V1 73J!5 ‫و‬: ‫ ٍج‬: O
: 74 8M HKJ4 5 : : : ~
4 : !3 1*’ !‫ א‬1&V@ V1 8:
zKGf{, sr dhÇhfdnoB! pJb skfmvf bfmfspv ubA ia²k  rsh, kJb skfmvf skfmfslv
mcJmàt W jbcƒ ipG§À rfk sLZk jv ˆhQ skfmfslv mfKf mfnfr jv ˆhQ if oad§¿ ipG§À
sLZk jv. zfv pdl skfmvf zidhÛ Kfj, kfrst dhswNHfsh (sofnt j'sv) idhÛ rW.
pdl skfmvf iDdVk rW zKhf nIsv Kfj zKhf skfmfslv sj… ianfa h-ifqJfbf rsk
zfomb jsv, zKhf skfmvf ²ÃD-nrhfn jv ˆhQ ifdb bf ifW, kfrst idhÛ mfde äfvf
kfqf©mcm jv; kf dlsq skfmfslv mcJmàt W r²Àäq mfnfr jv. zfïfr skfmfslvsj
sjfb iajfv jó dlsk yfb bf, hvQ dkdb skfmfslvsj idhÛ jvsk yfb W skfmfslv
iadk kf]v zbcora n©iCBG jvsk yfb, pfsk skfmvf jxkÎkf Îfib jv. (mfdqlfr } 6)
mrfbhD hstb, ªlw hYv pfh{ ifdb bf ifWqf sost mcndtsmv Wpcv …ijvB rt
ifj mfde. ifdb ifWqf sost sofnt jsv sbWqf …dyk. zfv ˆef zhwAƒ …Ùm.« (zfhC
lf†l, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr, zfrmfl, dmwjfk 530bQ)
ufshv hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf sjfb nIsv shv rtfm. zfmfslv msLA ˆj hAdÙÁv
mfKfq ifKsvv zfOfk stso [k rsqdYt. ˆviv kfv öi´slfNW rt. sn nÌDslvsj
duÎfnf jvt, `zfmfv ubA dj kfqf©mcm ShL msb jv?' njst htt, `kcdm ifdb
hAhrfv jvsk z[m bW. zkˆh skfmfv ubA zfmvf kfqf©mcm ShL msb jdv bf.' kf
wcsb stfjde sofnt jvt ˆhQ ˆv iadkdÛÁqfq sn mfvf sot. zk}iv zfmvf pJb bhD
-ˆv dbje dIsv ˆtfm kJb k]fsj snƒ stfjefv Oebf Jcst httfm. kf wcsb dkdb
htstb, ªWvf Wsj smsv sItt, zfïfr Wslvsj L¶Qn jv¢j! pdl Wvf ufbk bf, ksh
susb sbqdb sjb? zÎkfv WNcL skf duÎfnfƒ.« (n} zfhC lf†l 325, ƒhsb mfufr,
lfvfj¶k
c b¶ D, dmwjfk 531bQ)
zfmXv dhb zfn hstb, pfkcn nftfdnt pcÝ−nIsv ˆj wDskv vfsk zfmfv
123
öi´slfN rt. zfmfv Hq rt sp, pdl sofnt jdv, kfrst zfdm L¶Qn rsq pfh. kfƒ
zfdm kfqf©mcm jsv nÌDslvsj dbsq (ƒmfm rsq) Iusvv bfmfp iVtfm. zfmfv
nÌDvf ˆjKf bhD -ˆv dbjse …sïJ jvst dkdb htstb, ªsr zfmXv! kcdm bfifj
zh²¿fq skfmfv nÌDslv ƒmfmdk jsvY?« zfdm sofnt bf jvfv jfvB k]fsj httfm.
zfsvf httfm sp, zfïfr kfzftfv ˆ hfBDW zfdm wcsbdY, dkdb hstsYb,
S!‫( " א‬٢٩) { 'Q O
3 : H4 JK /3 :‫ ن‬P5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 JK : YK 5 ْ‫ א‬K b1nْ I: 5?‫و‬: }
ªskfmvf zfk¹rkAf jsvf bf. dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslv iadk hV lqfwDt.« (dbnf }
29) ˆ jKf ðsb bhD rfnstb ˆhQ djYc htstb bf. (zfrmfl 17812, hcJfvD, zfhC
lf†l 334bQ)
spJfsb jó, snJfsb zfmt rfîf rsq pfq. h]fyfv ubA rfvfm rftft rsq pfq. ufb
h]fyfsbfv ubA jcIvDW hfrAk} [mfrG rsq pfq. ˆ hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫א‬Q &4 ,
: @ Yْ JK !ْ /3 :i: : 7B8 73J!5 ‫و‬: @‫® ن‬
: @z /3 À7^3 ': Œْ 81 1*1ْ 65 ‫و‬: :•@ Pْ K 74 8: >?@A 3*3 ®
: A 3&4 /: 738 3*’ ! /3 : Y5 P5 7:8}
+S!‫( " א‬١٠٦) {H< ƒ3 : $ < ‫א‬:W: H4 X1 !5 ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M d< : ©5 H4 X@ 4 5 : 5
zKGf{, sj… dhw¶fn jvfv isv zfïfrsj zöDjfv jvst ˆhQ zdhw¶fsnv ubA
r™lq …¦mcÙÁ vfJst kfv …iv zfidkk rsh zfïfrv sÛÁfL ˆhQ kfv ubA vsqsY
mrfwfd²À; ksh kfv ubA bq, pfsj zdhw¶fsn hfLA jvf rsqsY, zKy kfv dyÙ dhw¶fsn
zdhyt. (bfrXt } 106)
wvDqsk rkAfv dhLfb zfsY, kf dj§Â uDhsbv ubA mvB. ‰ mvsBv msLA mfbcsNv
uDhb zfsY.
mrfb naóf durfslv dhLfb dlsqsYb h]fyfv ubA. dkdb hstsYb,
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٢٤) {H4 JK 3 +
4 V1 ': !3 HKP : :‫א د‬:‫@ذ‬A @‫ ل‬1 B !3‫و‬: 3*’!3 ْ‫ א‬1 ~ 3 b:4 ‫ אْ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! vnCt pJb skfmfslvsj ˆmb djYcv dlsj zfrhfb jsv, pf
skfmfslvsj iafBh§À jsv, kJb zfïfr W vnCstv zfrhfsb nfVf lfW .« (‚bXIft } 24)
dj¶nf¶ sn¶v dhLfb dlsqsYb uDhsbv ubA. dkdb hstsYb,
" n !‫( " א‬١٧٩) {:‫ ن‬nK bBI: H4 JK > : !5 3$ :!ْ 5 ‫ א‬R4 !3‫و‬K ْ V: ›" :O
: @‫ ص‬# : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬R3 H4 JK !5 ‫و‬: }
ªsr hcdÝn©iâ hAdÙÁoB! skfmfslv ubA dj¶nf¶ sn (iadkswfL oarsBv dhLfsb) uDhb
vsqsY, pfsk skfmvf nfhLfb rsk ifv.« (hfj¶fvfr } 179)
zfv dhhfdrk hAdHyfvDv ubA rkAfv dhLfb zfsY mfbcsNv mfb-n©ëm h]fyfsbfv ubA.
kfW kfsk yfvub nf[Dv wkG zfsvfi jvf rsqsY. zbcv™i nfmfbA ns¦lsr làdhLfb
²¿dok vfJfv dbslGw slWqf rsqsY nvt wvDqsk.
ˆ rt lqfv bhDv lqfmq dhLfb. nru-nvt wvDqskv dhLfb. zÎ YfVf sj… sn
wvDqksj jdEb hst bf, jdEb hfbfq bf.

k]fv nQoafm W durfl

mrfbhD dYstb hDv mcufdrl. dkdb durfslv njt mqlfsb durfl jsvsYb.
 124
iaKmk} durflcb bfIXn hf mb W iahdx Ùv dhv¢sÝ dufrl.
ˆ durfslv ubA dkdb hstsYb,
.(µ L
: ‫و‬: TB : 3%‫ א‬3U‫א‬:‫ ذ‬R3 5g‫א‬: \: ‫و‬: 5h: Y: :&\3 ~ : I1 ‫ن‬5 3‫ د‬X: ± 3 ‫ א‬1 : 5)
zKGf{, nhGswaô durfl rt zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfrv nÙfq skfmfv bfIXn (mb) W
iahdx Ùv dhv¢sÝ durfl. (dn} nrDrfr 1496bQ)
ˆ durfslv yfvde ipGfq }-
1. zfïfrv äDb dwJsk bfIXsnv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvf.
2. äDsbv dw[f zbcpfqD zfmt jvsk mb W bfIXsnv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvf.
3. äDsbv lfWqfk slWqfv s[sÛ bfIXsnv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvf.
4. lfWqfskv isK bfbf jsó ³LpGLfvB j'sv bfIXsnv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvf.
däkDqk} wqkfsbv dhv¢sÝ durfl.
ˆv vsqsY lcde ipGfq }-
1. wqkfb msb sp nd¦lrfb nxdó jsv, kf iadkrk jvsk kfv dhv¢sÝ durfl jvf.
2. wqkfb msb sp jciha dx Ù W ƒd¦ûqdt¨nf ias[i jsv, kf iadkrk jvsk kfv
dhv¢sÝ durfl jvf.
kxkDqk} jfsIvslv dhv¢sÝ durfl.
ˆv vsqsY yfvde ipGfq }-
1. r™lq äfvf durfl jvf.
2. duH äfvf durfl jvf.
3. mftLb äfvf durfl jvf.
4. wdÙÁ W iafB dlsq durfl jvf.
mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj hstsYb,
/ b!‫( א‬٧٣) {•
1#3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:•^4 /3 ‫و‬: 1HSBX: L
: H4 \1 ‫א‬:‫‚ْو‬8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 4 5 : ·ْ K©ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬: n3 3 S:'1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬: Y> JK !ْ ‫ א‬3&\3 L
: 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
zKGf{, sr bhD! kcdm jfsIv W mcbfdIj¶slv dhv¢sÝ durfl jv ˆhQ kfslv iadk
jsEfv rW. kfslv hfn²¿fb rsh ufrfâfm ˆhQ kf jk dbjxó dEjfbf. (kfWhfr } 73,
kfrvDm } 9)
zhwA mcbfdIjslv dhv¢sÝ dkdb iaKm dkb ipGfsqv durfl jsvsYb. kfslv dhv¢sÝ
kvhfdvv durfl jsvbdb.
ykcKk G } pfstm W ififyfvDslv dhv¢sÝ durfl.
ˆv dkbde ipGfq }-
1. nfmKGA Kfjst wdÙÁ äfvf durfl jvf.
2. bsy{ duH hf jKf äfvf durfl jvf.
3. bsy{ r™lq äfvf OxBf j'sv durfl jvf.
durfslv ˆƒ rt nhGsmfe 13de ipGfq. …ÙÁ njt ipGfsqv durfl jsvsYb mcrf©mflcv
vfnCtïc fr . nckvfQ dkdb dYstb idviCBG mcufdrl. dkdb sisqdYstb wdÙÁ,
sisqdYstb durfslv zfnt mqlfb. iaskAj mqlfsb dkdb dbu r™lq-mb, mcJ W duH,
rfk W wdÙÁ ˆhQ mft W Lb äfvf durfl jsvsYb. ˆƒ ubA dkdbƒ dYstb nfvf dhsw¶v
125
ˆjmfÛ …sïJspfoA hAdÙÁk¶ ˆhQ zfïfrv dbje nh yfƒsk shdw hV mpGflfn©iâ. (û}
pflct mfzfl 3/5, 10, 12)
kfWrDlhflDslv dhv¢sÝ pcsÝv ikfjf …sÙfdtk rsqdYt. dkdb dbsu 27de
zdHpfsb nwvDsv snbfidk rsq zQwoarB jsvdYstb. kfv msLA 9de pcsÝ dkdb z²Ã
LfvB jsvdYstb. snÈdt rt pKfÛÁsm, hlv, …ùl, mcvfƒnD', J¦lj, jcvfƒpfr, Jfƒhfv,
mÄf dhuq, ùbfƒb W kfsqI pcÝ. zfv sp njt zdHpfsb dkdb nwvDsv zQwoarB
jsvbdb, kfv nQJAf dYt 56de. (wfvùb bfWqfhD 12/95, Ifkùt hfvD 7/279-281, 8/153)
mrfbhD -ˆv durfsl sp nh stfj rkAf jvf rsqdYt, kfvf nhfƒ dYt nfmdvj
stfj. dj§Â nh sYsV pdl drsvfdwmfv pcsÝv jKfƒ Ldv, kfrst sn wrsvv sp nh mfbcN
rkfrk rsqsY ˆhQ hkGmfb jfstv pcsÝ spJfsb mfbcN rkfrk rs¤Y kfslv zdLjfQwƒ
shnfmdvj stfj.
mrfbhD nhGsmfe pcÝ jsvsYb 63de, mkf§Àsv 83de. zfv kfsk dhsvfLD is[v
stfj msvsY 759de, dbsuslv stfj msvsY 259de. h¦lD jsvsYb 6566de. mcdÙÁ
dlsqsYb 6563de. iafBlà dlsqsYb mfÛ 2dev.
mkf§Àsv dhsvfLD is[v stfj msvsY 838de, dbsuslv stfj msvsY 422de.
i[f§Àsv sjht 1de pcsÝ drsvfdwmfv …iv zfÛÁmsB iafB rfdvsqsY iafq 70,000
(nÙv rfufv) mfbcN.
dj§Â dkdb `wfd§Àv lCk' rsqW z²Ã LfvB jvstb sjb?
spsrkc wfd§À iadkôf jvskW zs²Ãv iasqfub rq. wfd§Àv lcwmbslvsj HdÙÁ dlsq
uq jvsk bf ifvst wdÙÁ iasqfo jsvW wfd§À zfbqb jvsk rq.
mÄfq bhDv™si iajfw sisk k]fv dhv¢sÝ NVXp§Ã ðv¢ rt. dj§Â k]fv iadkiftj k]fsj
v[f jvstb.
1 4;
: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬1*’ !‫ א‬1 JK '4 V: ‫و‬: :‫ون‬1 JK '4 V: ‫و‬: 5g L
1 @ž
4 V1 ‫و‬4 5 5g K b1nْ V: ‫و‬4 5 5g b13 „4 1 !3 ْ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h/3 1 JK '4 V: ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٣٠) {:7V@ P3 ': !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, n¹vB jv, pJb zdhÇhfnDvf skfmfv dhv¢sÝ NVp§Ã jsv skfmfsj h¦lD jvfv
ubA, rkAf zKhf dbhGfdnk jvfv ubA. kfvf NVp§Ã jsv ˆhQ zfïfrW NVp§Ã jsvb.
zfv NVp§ÃjfvDslv msLA zfïfr swaô. (‚bXIft } 30)
dkdb druvk jvsk hfLA rstb. 622 dJa±efsèv uctfƒ mfsn dkdb Ov-hfdV sYsV
mlDbfq zfomb jvstb. snJfsb dkdb dbvfil ƒntfmD ubil iadkôf jvstb. nfvf
dhsw¶ ƒntfsmv lfWqfk si]ZsY slWqfv ubA iafBsj¦û v™si osV …Et mlDbf. LDsv LDsv
kf ƒntfmD vfóºv™si zfk¹iajfw jvt. zfswifswv ubil W sofsÛv stfsjvf kfv
öDjxdk dlsk tfot.
kf dj zfv nrA rq ƒntfm-dhsvfLD siZÙdtjslv? sofisb sofisb wÛ¢kf hxdÝ sisk
Kfjt. mÄf sKsj mcrfsuvDbslv nQJAf hxdÝtfH jvsk Kfjt. jcvfƒwvf mcndtmslv
sYsV zfnf Ov-hfdV W Lb-n©il hfsuqfå jsv dbsuslv jcd[ok jvsk tfot.
zbA dlsj mcndtmslv iasqfub dYt zsKGv, zs²Ãv ˆhQ dbvfiÙfv. zfk¹v[f W
wÛ¢dbLb jvf ƒntfmD lfWqfskv iaLfb dhNq rsq l]fVft. dbsuvf zKGwftD rWqf
 126
nsÙ¶W zkAfyfvDslv rfsk kf sYsV zfnsk hfLA rsqsYb njst. kfv djYc dhdbmq
tfsHv zfwf dYt njstv. dj§Â zkAyfvDv rfk sKsj dbsuslv n©il dYdbsq sbWqfv
zbcmdk dYt bf. ivhkGDsk mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj dhLfb ˆt,
¬-(‫( " א‬٣٩) {< V3&n5 !5 H4 \3 @ # 4 : 5 : :*>!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ‫' א‬1 3lK H4 X1 B5‚/3 :‫ ن‬K I: n5 V1 :7V3W> !3 :‫ن‬3‫ذ‬K}
zKGf{, pcsÝv zbcmdk slWqf rt kfslvsj pfvf zfÛÁf§À rsqsY; jfvB kfvf
zkAfyfdvk. zfv dbÇyq zfïfr kfslvsj nfrfpA jvsk nmAj n[m. (rfÏ } 39)
iv§Â pcsÝv ˆ dhLfb sjht swNbhDv ubAƒ dYt bf. iCshGW hù bhDsj pcsÝv zbcmdk
slWqf rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
R3 4 I3 n5 2 Jً 38: S:!5 ¢
4 : /4 ‫ א‬1HX1 !> R¤ 3 S:!3 ْ‫! א‬K 65 ‫ذ‬4 @A : 81 3&4 /: 738 : s3 ‫א‬: 4 @A R3S/: 738 @Á': !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A : I: H4 !5 5 }
&4 65 ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ @ א‬3 : R3 : I3 n5 1 >?5 S:!5 8: ‫و‬: ْ‫! א‬K 65 ْ‫ א‬K I3 n5 I1 >?5 1‫ ل‬b:n3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HJK 4 5 : :db3 PK ‫@ن‬A H4 b14 : : 4 \: :‫ ل‬65 3*’ !‫ @ א‬3 :
{: '3 !3 ƒ> ! /3 H< 3: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 S48M ً 365 >?@A ْ‫א‬4 !> : I: 1‫ ل‬b:n3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX@ 4 5 : :db3PK 'B 5 5 S:s3 v:S/4 5 ‫و‬: :@ V: 3‫ د‬738 S:L
4 @;
4K
zKGf{, kcdm dj mCnfv ivhkDG hbD-ƒnaf„t iaLfbslv slJdb? pJb kfvf dbsuslv
bhDsj hstdYt, `zfmfslv ubA ˆjub vfuf dbpcÙÁ jv, pfsk zfmvf zfïfrv isK pcÝ
jvsk ifdv.' sn htt, `shfL rq pdl skfmfslv iadk pcsÝv dhLfb slWqf rq, kfrst
skfmvf kf jvsh bf?' kfvf htt, `zfmvf pJb zfib Ov-hfdV W n§Àfb-n§Àdk sKsj
hdr®jxk rsqdY, kJb zfïfrv isK pcÝ jvh bf sjb?' zk}iv pJb kfslvsj pcsÝv
dhLfb slWqf rt, kJb kfslv ö¬inQJAj hAkDk zdLjfQwƒ ixô ialwGb jvt. zfv
zfïfr zivfdLoB nìsá ndhswN zhdrk. (hfj¶fvfr } 246)
dj§Â swNsmN pcÝ rsqdYt ˆhQ kftCk hflwfv snbfidksk¶ lf†l zkAfyfvD
uftCksj rkAf jsvdYstb.
zdrQnf ivm LmG. dj§Â sp zdrQnfsk zdLjfv r™k rq, sn zdrQnf LmG Kfsj jDHfsh?
sp kAfo öDjfsv zd²Àk¶ƒ dhtDb rsq pfq, sn kAfo öDjfsv tfH jD? sp zdrQnf
mfbcNsj h]fysk slq bf, sn zdrQnf hufq svsJ uDhsbv zd²Àk¶ sjfKfq?
nckvfQ h]fyfv ubA pcsÝ iasqfub dYt. kfƒ ˆjfdLj jfvsB mrfbhD -sj pcsÝv
zbcmdk slWqf rt.
1. mcndtmslv Ov-hfdV, udm-ufqof W Lbn©il hfsuqfå jsv jcd[ok jvf
rsqdYt.
2. jfsIvslv kvI sKsj …lDqmfb ƒntfmD vfsóºv dhv¢sÝ pcsÝv sOfNBf zhAfrk dYt.
3. yfdvdlsj mcndtmslv dbvfiÙfv zHfh dYt.
zhwA kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcsÝv dhLfb dYt bf, pfvf sö¤Yfq ƒntfm oarB jsvdYt zKhf
`dudpqf' dlsq mcndtm vfsóº hnhfn jvsk n©mk dYt.
mfbcsNv idvÛfsBv ubA ƒntfsmv zfstf ˆt. mfbcN kfsj Hct hcUt. mfbcsNv
jcIvDv svfo nfvfhfv ubA ƒntfmD dydj{nf ˆt, dj§Â mfbcN ƒntfsmv ŠNLsj dkÙÁ
msb jsv snhb jvsk yfƒt bf. iasqfub rt kfvƒ h]fyfv ubA zifsvwsbv. ƒntfmD
durfl mfbhkfv slsr zs²Ãfiyfsvv mskf. …sÜwA mfbhkfsj …ÏDdhk jvf. zfïfrv
pmDsb ˆjmfÛ zfïfrvƒ ƒhflk iadkôf jvf. durfslv …sÜwA mfbcN L¶Qn jvf bq.
127
zfv Jcb rsq `wrDl' rWqfW bq. durflW mrfb naófv i[ sKsj mfbhkfv ubA ˆj
iajfv vrmk. kfƒ dkdb vrmskv bhDsjW z²Ã Lvfv zfslw dlsqdYstb.
bf, durfl zfv n§Ãfn ˆj bq. ƒntfmD durfslv dhdHâ wkG zfsY. „mfbD W
z²ÃwdÙÁ iaLfb wkG. mcndtm ƒmfm Kfjf zfvW ˆjde wkG. kfYfVf
1. durfslv dbqk sjht `zfïfrv jfstmf …âk' jvf rsk rsh. hAdÙÁok
iadkswfL sbWqfv …sÜswA hf odl lJstv …sÜswA hf sjfb hAdÙÁ zKhf lstv iadk zá
i[ifdkk¶hsw jvf durfl, durfl bq.
2. durfsl sjfb iajfv dJqfbk W dhw¶fnOfkjkf ytsh bf.
3. idvshw kKf ofYiftf W It-Int bó jvf pfsh bf.
4. shnfmdvj stfj kKf hxÝ, mdrtf W dwð rkAf jvf pfsh bf.
5. dhLmGDslv …ifnbftq kKf iflvD-icsvfdrk rkAf jvf pfsh bf.
ˆ dYt mcrf©mflD durfl. ˆ durfslv nfsK n§Ãfsnv dbjekm zKhf lCvkm sjfb
n©ijG sbƒ. zfv n§Ãfsnv sjfb ufk-LmG sbƒ. nh LsmGv mfbcNslv mfsUƒ n§Ãfn zfsY.
spmb n§Ãfnsj sjfb ƒtfrD LmG nmKGb jsv bf.

k]fv lfbwDtkf
mrfbhD lfbhDv dYstb. k]fv hlfbAkf dYt bpDvdhrDb.
hlfbAkf ˆjde mr{ ÈB. pf nfLfvBk} zKG hAq jvfv mfLAsm rsq Kfsj. kf YfVfW
10de dudbn lfb jvfv mfLAsm hlfbAkf rsq Kfsj.
1. ufb jcvhfbD jsv hlfbAkf. zfv ˆ rt nhfv yfƒsk hV hlfbAkf.
2. sbkxk¶ äfvf hlfbAkf. sbkxsk¶v iakfi W iaHfh äfvf mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf.
3. dbsuv zfvfm jcvhfbD jsv hlfbAkf. dbsuv zfvfmsj rfvfm jsv isvfijfv jvf.
4. dbu ƒtXm W dw[f äfvf hlfbAkf. zfv ˆ lfb zKGlfb jvf zsi[f zsbj …¤y.
5. dbu ilfdLjfv äfvf hlfbAkf. ilmpGflfv mfLAsm ncifdvw zfdl jsv
mfbcsNv …ijfv jvf.
6. jfdqj wam äfvf hlfbAkf.
ªlc'ub mfbcsNv msLA skfmfv mDmfQnf j'sv slWqfefW nfljfr, sjfb mfbcNsj dbu
nWqfvDv …iv hnfsbf zKhf kfv …iv kfv nfmfb …dEsq dbsq nfrfpA jvfW nfljfr,
Hft jKf htf nfljfr, bfmfspv ubA jxk iaskAj ils[i nfljfr ˆhQ vf²Àf sKsj
jólfqj dudbn lCvDHCk jvfW nfljfr.« (hcJfvD 2989, mcndtm 2382bQ)
7. dbu mfb-n©ëm äfvf hlfbAkf. sj… ofdt dlst zKhf oDhk hf ycotD jvst
kfsj mfI jsv slWqf.
8. isvv jólfsb ³LpG LfvB jvf, isvv mCJGfdm nrA jsv sbWqf W vfo nQhvB jvfv
mfLAsm hlfbAkf.
9. n¤ydvÛkf, rfn-mcJ W Hû hAhrfv äfvf hlfbAkf.
10. stfsjv rfsk pf zfsY, kfv iadk ë™s[i bf jsv stfH, ivwaDjfkvkf W drQnf
huGsbv mfLAsm hlfbAkf.
 128
…ÙÁ njt iajfv hlfbAkf dYt mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr -ˆv mfsU. ksh mftLb hAq
jvfv mfLAsm k]fv lfbwDtkf dYt kctbfdhrDb.
zfbfn hstb, zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje ƒntfsmv …iv djYc yfWqf rst dkdb
bf dlsq ifvskb bf. ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fv jfsY ˆst kfsj lcƒ ifrfsVv mLAhkGD
(…ikAjf) idvmfB Yfot-sHVf lfb jvstb. zk}iv sn dbu n©ialfsqv jfsY dIsv
dosq htt, `sr zfmfv n©ialfq! skfmvf mcntmfb rsq pfW. spsrkc mcrf©mfl ˆmb lfb
jsvb sp, zHfhsj Hq jsvb bf.' (mcndtm 6160bQ)
ùbfƒb pcsÝ uqtfH rst nfIWqfb dhb …mfƒqfsj dkdb iaKmk} 100de …e lfb
jvstb. kfviv zfsvf 100de, kfviv zfsvf 100de. nfIWqfb hstb, `zfïfrv
jnm! zfïfrv vnCt pJb zfmfsj pf lfb jvfv lfb jvstb, kJb dkdb zfmfv
dbje nhsysq OxBA hAdÙÁ dYstb. dj§Â pJb zfmfsj dlsk Kfjstb, kJb dkdb zfmfv
dbje nhsysq diaq hAdÙÁ rsq sostb. (mcndtm 6162bQ)
lfbhDv bhD sjfbÛÁsmƒ hJDt dYstb bf.
…mfv hstb, vfnCtïc fr djYc mft h¦eb jvstb. zk}iv zfdm httfm, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zbA stfsjvf ˆslv sysq ˆ mfstv shdw rjlfv dYt.' dkdb htstb,
.(( ٍ ; 3 :/3 194 !5 ‫و‬: ،R3 K ž M :V1 ‫و‬4 5 ،@•+4 YK ! /3 R !K 5‚ V: ‫ن‬4 R3 ‫و‬1 B ;
: H4 X1 BA ))
ªˆvf zfmfsj lc'de jKfv msLA ˆjef bf ˆjef oarB jvsk hfLA jvsY. rq kfvf
zfmfv dbje zHûkfv nfsK yfƒsh (zfv zfmfsj kf nrA j'sv kfslvsj dlsk rsh)
zKhf kfvf zfmfsj jxiB zfJAfdqk jvsh. zKy, zfdm jxiB bƒ.« (mcndtm 2475bQ)
uchfƒv ƒhsb mck¶ƒm hstb, dkdb ùbfƒsbv pcÝ sKsj dIvfv nmq vfnCtcïfr -
ˆv nsÌ zfndYstb. (idKmsLA) jdkiq shlc„b kf]v dbje zbcbq-dhbq j'sv yfƒsk
zfvý jvt, ˆmb dj swN ipG§À kfvf k]fsj hfLA j'sv ˆjde hfhtf ofsYv jfsY dbsq
sot. pfv Ist kf]v yflv (ofsYv jf]efq) zfesj sot. bhD sKsm sostb ˆhQ
htstb,
ً ž
3 /: R3 ‫و‬1&~
3 I: 5? BH‰1 ، H4 JK S: /: 1*b1'4 : n5 !5 ، ً ': : 3• : 3 !‫ א‬3•3W\ 1‫د‬:&: R3! :‫ ن‬P5 4 5 5 ، Rs‫א‬:‫ @د‬R3 ŒK 4 ))
.(( ً :L
: 5?‫و‬: ً /‫א‬µWP5 5?‫و‬:
ªskfmvf zfmfsj zfmfv yflvJfdb lfW. pdl zfmfv dbje ˆnh (znQJA) jf]ef
ofsYv nmfb …]e Kfjk, kfrst zfdm kf skfmfslv msLA h¦eb j'sv dlkfm. zk}iv
skfmvf zfmfsj jxiB, dmKcAc j hf jficv¢N sisk bf.« (hcJfvD 2821, 3148bQ)
ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `vfnCtcïfr nm²À stfsjv sysq zdLj lfbwDt dYstb.
zfv mfsr vmpfsb pJb duhaf„t kf]v nsÌ nf[f{ jvskb, kJb dkdb zfsvf shwD
hlfbAkf ialwGb jvskb. duhaf„t mfsr vmpfsbv iaskAj vubDsk kf]v nsÌ
nf[f{ jvskb ˆhQ kf]v jfsY jcvzfb icbvfhxdÙ jvskb. vfnCtcïfr duhaf„stv
nsÌ nf[f{jfst zhwAƒ jtAfBhfrD mcÙÁ hfqc zsi[f zdLj lfbwDt dYstb.' (hcJfvD 6,
mcndtm 6149bQ)
dkdb ˆkƒ hlfbA dYstb sp, zfofmDv ubA djYc umf jsv vfJskb bf. (n} ufsm'
129
4846bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
.(7ٍ V4:&!3 1•1&,
3 4 K <R4 : !>@A <R4 : 1*S483 c3&S43 ‫و‬: < 5‰: BR5: B '1 V: !5 ‫ن‬4 5 R32 1 V: 8: Q\: :‫ ذ‬N&O 1 K 1 „483 R3! :‫ ن‬P5 4 !5)
ªpdl zfmfv dbje …ùl ifrfV nmfb snfbf Kfjk, kfrst zfdm ˆsk zfbd¦lk
rkfm sp, ‡B idvswfsLv ubA idvmfB mk hfjD svsJ zhdwó nhefƒ dkb dlb
zdkhfdrk bf rskƒ zfïfrv isK Jvy j'sv sIdt.« (hcJfvD 2389, mcndtm 2349bQ)
sjfb nmq Hcthwk} djYc umf sKsj sost msb iVf mfÛ kf lfb jsv dlskb. zfhC
dnvWqfzfr …j¶hfr ƒhsb rfsvn hstb sp, zfdm bhD -ˆv diYsb mlDbfq
zfnsvv bfmfp iVtfm. zk}iv nftfm dIsv dkdb zdk wDOa lf]dVsq iVstb. kfviv
stfjslv olGfb eisj kf]v sjfb ˆj ²ÃDv jfmvfq yst sostb. stfsjvf kf]v wDOakf
slsJ OfhsV sot. zk}iv dkdb shv rsq ˆstb; slJstb stfsjvf k]fv wDOakfv jfvsB
zfÇypGfd¦hk rsqsY. dkdb htstb,
.(3*b3 ': 4 n3 /3 1U4 8: 5‚5 ::&S4 3 :9 3 V: ‫و‬4 5 :R3 '4 V1 ‫ن‬4 5 19\4 @ J5 5 ::&S4 3 ‫א‬Q 4 I3 "3 5 #
B !‫ א‬R3 :5 ‫و‬: 1U4 P5 :‫)ذ‬
ª(bfmfsp) zfmfv msb iVt sp, (hfVDsk snfbf zKhf yf]dlv) ˆjde ecjvf vsq sosY.
zfdm yfƒtfm bf sp, kf zfmfsj zfïfrv n¹vsB hfLf slsh. pfv ubA zfdm (la¢k hfVDsk
dosq) kf h¦eb jvfv zfslw dltfm.«
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfdm hfVDsk nfljfv ˆjde öBGJà sYsV ˆsndYtfm.
zk}iv zfdm kf vfsk dbu oxsr vfJf iY¦l jvtfm bf.« (hcJfvD 1221bQ)
dkdb lfbwDt dYstb. sj… djYc yfƒstƒ dkdb kf lfb jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4868bQ)
sjfb dudbn sj… k]fv jfsY yfƒst dkdb `bf' htskb bf. (‰ 4871bQ)
lfb jvfsk yvm zfb¦l zfsY, msbv ivm kxdå zfsY. lfb sisq oarDkf pkef bf
JcwD rq, kfv yfƒsk shdw JcwD rq lfbwDt hAdÙÁ. spsrkc zfusj pf slWqf rq,
jftsj kf hùÈB hdLGk zfjfsv ifWqf pfsh. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{‫א‬Q L4 5 :Hƒ5 4 5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q 4 ; : : \1 3*> !‫ א‬:&S3 1•‫و‬1&~ 3 I: ٍ 4 ;: 74 8M HKJ3 YK 5‚!3 ‫ א‬81 M&n5 I1 8: ‫و‬: SQ: O
: k Q 4 65 :*> !‫ א א‬k
1 @ 6ْ 5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ---skfmvf zfïfrsj lfW …Ùm ‡B. zfv skfmvf skfmfslv zfk¹fv mÌstv
ubA Hft pf djYc zdoam siavB jvsh, skfmvf kf zfïfrv dbje …{jxókv ˆhQ icvõfv
drnfsh mrÙv ifsh. zfv skfmvf zfïfrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jv, dbÇyqƒ zfïfr mrf
[mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (mcpXpfd©mt } 20)

k]fv drjmk
mfbdhj, nfmfduj W vfuSbdkj dhNsq mrfbhD hV drjmskv nsÌ jfu dbsqsYb.
nckvfQ dkdb ncsjZwst mfbcN ³kdv jsvsYb.
`drtIct IcpCt' bfmj ˆjde bAfqbDdkv rtIbfmf n©ifdlk rq mÄfq. dkdb kfsk
wvDj rsqdYstb. kfsk dYt }-
(j) slswv zwfd§À lCv jvfv ubA zfmvf pKfnfLA syóf jvh.
 130
(J) dhslwD stfjdlsov Lb-iafB W mfb-ním v[f jvfv ubA zfmvf pKfnfLA syóf
jvh.
(o) ldvû, lcht G W znrfq stfsjslv nrfqkf lfsb zfmvf jJbƒ jcØfshfL jvh bf.
(O) zkAfyfvD W zbfyfvDv zkAfyfv W zbfyfv sKsj lcht G slwhfnDslv v[f jvsk
iafBiB syóf jvh. (zfv-vfrDj¶ct mfJkCm hfQtf 112ix})
rfufsv zfnWqfl ö²¿fsb ²¿fib jvf dbsq jcvfƒwslv mfsU sp pcÝ shsL
pfWqfv …iÛÁm rsqdYt, kf dkdb hV drjmskv nfsK kf hfLsk slbdb. Îfb W
drjmsk idviCBG snƒ hAdÙÁk¶ nmfsuv iadk jfsu dkdb zoaBD. dkdb spb mbcNA-
nmfsuv r™lsq-r™lsq nclPx háb sysqdYstb. mfbh msb dyv ‰jA W nQrdk sysqdYstb.
mÄfq k]fsj vfuf jvsk yfWqf rsqdYt, dkdb vfuf rsk yfbdb.
mlDbfq zfomb jvstb. kJb mlDbfhfnD dYâ-dhd¤Yâ. zfjDlf W dhw¶fsn ˆjlt
zbA lstv nfsK ˆjmk bq. t[A W …sÜswA nhfƒ spb dHâ-dHâ. lcdbqfv hAfifsv
spmb ixKj ixKj, skmdb äDsbv hAfifsvW kfvf zdHâ bq. kfslv msLA ifv±idvj
ä¦ä dYt. sofsÛ-sofsÛ dhsäN dYt. hù icvfkb mskfdhsvfL dYt. djYc bCkb dhhfl dYt.
kfvf nfLfvBk} 3 lstv mfbcN dYt }-
1. mcndtm } zfbnfv---zfWn W Jfpvfu ˆhQ mcrfsuvDb.
2. mcwdvj } zfWn W Jfpvfu.
3. ƒqfùlD } hfbC bfpDv W hfbC j¶cvfƒpfr---zfWn sofsÛv nfsK ³mÛDhásb zfhÝ
ˆhQ hfbC j¶fƒbcjf¶ '---Jfpvfu sofsÛv nfsK ³mÛDhásb zfhÝ.
zfWn W Jfpvfsuv msLA icvsbf wÛ¢kf kJbW hkGmfb dYt. nhGswN hczfN pcsÝv
jKf njstv msb lfo sjsedYt.
mrfbhD mlDbfq ˆsn snJfbjfv zdLhfnDslv mfsU n©iaDdk, dmtb W ‰jA iadkôf
jvstb. icvsbf wÛ¢kf njstv mb sKsj mcsY slWqfv hAh²¿f jvstb.
mrfb zfïfr mcndtmslv sn dmtsbv jKf jcvzfsb hstsYb,
H4 JK /3 K 6K :74 /: :}!> 5‚5 ‫א‬:&4 5 H4 b1SKP ‫ذ‬4 @A H4 JK 4 5 : 3*’ !‫ א‬5 ': 4 3 ْ‫وא‬1 PK ‫ذ‬4 ‫א‬:‫ אْ و‬6K B Y5 I: 5?‫و‬: Q '3 L
: 3*’ !‫ @ א‬4 +
: /3 ْ‫' א‬1 #
3 b:4 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
H4 JK > : !5 3*I3 V: - H4 JK !5 1*’ !‫ א‬17M :V1 5h!3:WP5 X: S4 8M HKP:Wn5 5‚5 @ SB!‫ א‬:78M "N : Yْ O
1 Y5 : : 5 : H4 b1SKP‫و‬: Q‫א‬: ;
4 @A 3*b3 ': 4 S3 /3 H1b+
4 :,
4 5‚5
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٠٣) { :‫ون‬1&b:X4 I:
zKGf{, skfmvf njst zfïfrv vdw (LmG hf jcvzfb)sj wÙÁ j'sv Lv ˆhQ iv±iv
dhd¤Yâ rsqf bf. skfmfslv iadk zfïfrv zbcora sj n¹vB jv; skfmvf iv±iv wÛ¢ dYst,
zk}iv dkdb skfmfslv r™lsq iaDdkv nÑfv jvstb. Ist skfmvf kf]v zbcosa r
iv±iv Hfƒ-Hfƒ rsq sost. skfmvf zdo´jcsàv (slfpsJv) iafs§À dYst, zk}iv dkdb
(zfïfr) kf rsk skfmfslvsj …Ýfv jsvsYb. ˆv™si zfïfr skfmfslv ubA kf]v
dblwGb ±ióHfsh dhhxk jsvb, pfsk skfmvf n{iK sisk ifv. (‚st ƒmvfb } 103)
mrfbhD dbu drjmk W ifvldwGkf zbcnfsv mlDbfq ‰jA iadkôfv ts[A jsqjde
jmG jvstb }-
1. ˆjde mndul iadkôf jvstb. zfv kfv dbmGfBjfspG njt mcndtmsj snf{nfsr
131
zQwoarB jvsk …äcÝ jvstb. kfsk dkdb dbsuW wvDj rstb.
snJfsb iakAr i]fyhfv mcndtmslv umfsqk rWqfv hAh²¿f rt. i]fyhfv ifv±idvj
nf[f{ W …islw slWqf-sbWqfv nchAh²¿f jfsqm rt.
nåfrfs§À ˆjhfv ucmzfv dlb zfm ubkfv nfLfvB nmfshswv hAh²¿f jvf rt.
ƒntfsmv iCshG mlDbfhfnDv dhdHâ j½fh W iadkôfb dYt, spJfsb kfvf umfsqk rsq
bfbf jmGjfà jvk, jdhkf ifE jvk, vfdÛ ufovB jvk ƒkAfdl. zfv kfsk
iadkspfdokf W iadkäd¦äkfmCtj msb dhsHl W dhd¤Yâkf nxdó rk. dj§Â mndul
dbmGfsBv iv kfslv umfsqskv ˆjde mfÛ sj¦û rt. pf kfslv dw[fsj¦û, drlfqfskv
iafBsj¦û.
kfvƒ hslZtsk njt j½fh ˆj rsq sot, mrïfq-mrïfq ‰jA iadkôf rt, sofsÛ-
sofsÛ n©iaDdk jfsqm rt, dhd¤Yâkf ‰sjA idvBk rt, dhdHâ lt W ufmfzfk ˆj
ufmfzfsk idvhdkGk rt, dHâ dHâ sbkxk¶ ˆj sbkfv zLDsb hwAkf öDjfv jvt.
ˆjub mfÛ sbkf rstb, dkdb rstb mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr, n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.
dkdb mrfb iadkiftsjv iakAfslsw sbkxk¶ dlsk Kfjstb. zfslw W dbsNL jvsk
Kfjstb. mcndtm …©mfrsj dw[f dlsk hAfixk rstb. …©mfrv zfmDv W ovDh, sw¶kfÌ
W jxòfÌ, lfn W iaHc ˆj jfkfsv làfqmfb rstb. njt sHlfsHslv iafyDv dbsuslv
rfsk yCBG-dhyCBG jsv dlstb.
2. mlDbfq ƒqfùlD LmGfhtìD mfbcN hnhfn jvk. mrfbhD kfslvsjW ƒntfsmv
lfWqfk dlstb. dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq sp, lc-ˆjub YfVf kfslv zbA sj… ƒntfsm zfoar
slJft bf. ksh kfslv nsÌ nrfh²¿fsbv ycdÙÁ jsv dbstb.
3. mcrfsuvDb W zfbnfvslv mfsU ëfkxk¶ ²¿fib jvstb. ˆmb ëfkxk¶ spmb nsrflv
Hfƒ. ˆjub ƒd§Àjft jvst zivub Wqfsvn rsh. zhwA ivhkGDsk ˆmb ëfkxsk¶v
mDvfn-vDdk vdrk rsq pfq. (nCvf zfbIft 75 zfqfk û})
mcndtm nmfu Hfƒ-Hfƒ nclPx hásb ncnQrk rsq …Et. htf hfùtA, sn ëfkxk¶ sjht
sjfb smZdJj zÌDjfv dYt bf. jfosuv …iv jtsmv jfdt dYt bf. hvQ kf dYt
r™lsq-r™lsq muhck háb. sn ëfkxk¶ dYt jKf W jfsuv, ufb W mfstv, ncJ W lc}sJv.
ˆmbdj zfbnfvD Hfƒ k]fv mcrfsuvD Hfƒsj hstdYstb, `zfmfv mftLb lcƒHfso
Hfo jsv zsLGj skfmfv vƒt. zfv zfmfv lcƒ ²ÃD, skfmfv spef iY¦l, zfdm snefsj
kftfj dlsq slh. zk}iv kfv Ćk zdkhfdrk rst kcdm kfsj dhhfr jv!' (hcJfvD
3780bQ)
4. zfnmfbD zrD äfvf nmfsuv kvdhqk jvsk ðv¢ jvstb. sp kvdhqskv Ist
nmfsuv mfbcN ˆsj zsbAv iadk nrfbcHCdk, nmfbcHCdk, nrmdmGkf W nrspfdokf hufq
vfsJ. ncsJ W n©iaDdksk njst soZvhmq nmfu W nQnfv osV kctsk ifsv.
…lfrvB öv™i k]fv djYc hfBD iadbLfbspfoA }-
(j) ªskfmvf dkb dlsbv shdw spb jcvhfbDv sofwXk umf bf vfsJf.«
zfv kf dYt sjht ovDhslv mfsU shdw v™si dhkvB jvfv …sÜswA. ivhkGDsk
mcndtmslv zh²¿f Hft rst dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf (ƒ¤Yfmskf) JfW W umf vfsJf.«
(zfrmfl 24249, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 563, bfnf„ 4431bQ)
 132
(J) ªzfïfr kfzftf djqfmskv dlb htshb, `zfmfv mdrmf W swaôsk¶v ubA
iv±ivsj pfvf HftshsndYt kfvf sjfKfq? zfusjv dlb zfdm kfslvsj zfmfv
Yfqfq zfwaq slh, spdlb zfmfv (zfvswv) Yfqf YfVf zbA sjfb Yfqf sbƒ.« (mcndtm)
(o) ªsnƒ nÙfv jnm pfv rfsk zfmfv iafB vsqsY! skfmvf ufâfsk iashw jvsh bf;
pk[B bf skfmvf mc'dmb rsh. ˆhQ skfmvf mc'dmb rsk ifvsh bf; sp ipG§À bf skfmvf
iv±isv Hfthfnf vfJsh. zfdm dj skfmfslvsj ˆmb jfu hst slh bf, pJb skfmvf
kf jvsh, kJb skfmvf ˆsj zivsj Hfthfnsk tfosh? skfmvf iv±isvv msLA
nftfm iayfv jv.« (mcndtm 203bQ)
(O) ªsr stfj njt! skfmvf nftfm iayfv jv, ([cLfkGsj) zâlfb jv, zfk¹Dqkfv
háb zece vfJ ˆhQ stfsj pJb (vfsk) Ocdmsq Kfsj, kJb skfmvf bfmfp iV. kfrst
skfmvf dbvfisl W dbdhGsO´ ufâfsk iashw jvsh.« (dkvdmpD 2485bQ)
(M) hfvf ƒhsb zfsph rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, `vfnCtcïfr zfmfslvsj nfkde
(jmG jvsk) zfslw jsvsYb } (1) svfoD slJsk pfWqf, (2) ufbfpfv zbcnvB jvf,
(3) rf]dyv (dY]sjv) uhfh slWqf, (4) lcht G sj nfrfpA jvf, (5) dbpGfdkk hAdÙÁv
nfrfpA jvf, (6) nftfm iayfv jvf, ˆhQ (7) wiKjfvDv wiK icvf jvf.' (hcJfvD 2445,
mcndtm 5510bQ)
(y) ªiajk
x mcndtm snƒ, pfv mcJ W rfk rsk mcndtmoB dbvfisl Kfsj. zfv iajk
x
mcrfduv (äDb h]fyfsbfv …sÜswA öslw kAfojfvD) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp zfïfrv dbdNÝ
jmGnmCr kAfo jsv.« (hcJfvD 9bQ)
(Y) ªsp iY¦l jsv sp, kfsj ufrfâfm sKsj lCsv vfJf srfj ˆhQ ufâfsk iashw
jvfsbf srfj, kfv mvB spb ˆmb zh²¿fq rq sp, sn zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv iadk „mfb
vfsJ ˆhQ zsbAv iadk ˆmb hAhrfv slJfq, pf sn dbsuv ubA iY¦l jsv.« (mcndtm
4882bQ)
(u) ªskfmvf iv±isvv iadk dhsäN sifNB jsvf bf, ˆsj zisvv iadk drQnfivfqB
rsqf bf, iv±isvv iadk wÛ¢Hfhfiâ rsqf bf, iv±isvv nfsK n©ijG sYlb jsvf bf.
skfmvf zfïfrv hf¦lf Hfƒ Hfƒ rsq pfW. zfv sjfb mcndtsmv ubA ˆef ShL bq sp, sn
kfv (mcndtm) Hfƒsqv nsÌ dkbdlsbv shdw jKfhfkGf htf kAfo jsv.« (hcJfvD 6065,
mcndtm 6690bQ)
(U) ªˆj mcdmb ziv mcdmsbv ubA ˆjde zÕfdtjfv mk; pfv ˆjde zQw ziv
zQwsj wdÙÁwftD jsv.« (hcJfvD 481, mcndtm 6750bQ)
(R) ªmc'dmbslv zfsifsnv msLA ˆsj zisvv iadk n©iaDdk, lqf W mfqf-
mmkfv …lfrvB (ˆjde) slsrv mk. pJb slsrv sjfb zÌ iDdVk rq, kJb kfv
ubA nfvf slr zdblaf W u¶sv zfÛÁf§À rq.« (hcJfvD 6011, mcndtm 6751bQ)
(e) ªskfmvf ˆj zisvv iadk drQnf jsvf bf, sjbf-shyfsk dudbsnv mCtA hfdVsq ˆj
zivsj sLfjf dlsqf bf, ˆj zisvv iadk wÛ¢kf svsJf bf, ˆj ziv sKsj (OxBfHsv) mcJ
dIvfsqf bf ˆhQ ˆj zisvv (dudbn) sjbf-shyfv …iv sjbf-shyf jsvf bf. zfv sr
zfïfrv hf¦lfvf! skfmvf Hfƒ-Hfƒ rsq pfW. mcndtm mcndtsmv Hfƒ. sn kfv iadk pctcm
jvsh bf, kfsj kc¤Y Hfhsh bf ˆhQ kfsj znrfq zh²¿fq sYsV slsh bf. zfïfrHDdk
133
ˆJfsb vsqsY. (dkdb dbu hcsjv dlsj ƒdÌk jsv ˆ jKf dkbhfv htstb.) sjfb mcndtm
Hfƒsj kc¤Y Hfhf ˆjde mfbcsNv m¦l rWqfv ubA psKó. iaskAj mcndtsmv vÙÁ, mft
ˆhQ kfv mpGflf ziv mcndtsmv …iv rfvfm.« (mcndtm 6706bQ)
(E) ªskfmfslv msLA sj… (iCBG) mc'dmb rsk ifvsh bf, pk[B bf sn kfv Hfƒsqv
ubA kfƒ iY¦l jvsh, pf sn dbsuv ubA iY¦l jsv.« (hcJfvD 13, mcndtm 179-180bQ)
(F) ªmcndtmsj oftfofdt jvf IfsnjD jmG ˆhQ kfv nfsK tVfƒ jvf jcIvD jfu.«
(hcJfvD 6044, mcndtm 64bQ, dkvdmpD, bfnf„, ƒhsb mfufr)
t[BDq sp, ƒntfsmv iCshGv pco dYt znHAkf, mCJGkf, hhGvkf W zájfsvv pco. sn
pcsov znHAkf, mCJGkf, hhGvkf W zájfv lCv jvfv ubA mrfbhD ˆmb „mfbD zfstfj-
hdkGjf …϶t jvstb sp, sn nmfu rsq …Et ncnHAkf W ncydvsÛv shbpDv lxóf§À.
5. wfd§Àsk hfn jvfv ts[A mrfbhD mcndtm W ƒqfùlDslv mfsU wfd§ÀycdÙÁ
n©iflb jvstb. pfsk wfd§Àv nfsK mlDbfq njstƒ nrfh²¿fb jvsk ifsv.
ˆv isvW ƒntfsmv lcwmbvf dj [f§À dYt? j[bƒ bf. hfƒsvv lcwmb sKsj
dHksvv lcwmb shdw p§ÃBflfqj dYt. Osvv sT]dj jcmDv. ˆvf dj§Â bfsm-jfsm mcntmfb
dYt, zKy dHksv jieyfvD mcbfdIj. mrfbhD ˆslv nfsKW hV drjmk zhtìb
jsvsYb. kfvf ƒntfsmv jk [dk sysqsY. zfv kfv Ist k]fv nfrfhfoB kfslv
dhbfw sysqsYb. nmfu sKsj ˆmb zfofYfv dbmGCt sysqsYb. dj§Â hxrÙv öfKG v[fv
Jfdksv dkdb kfsk zbcmdk slbdb, pfsk stfsj bf hst sp, `mcrf©mfl dbu
nryvslvsj rkAf jvsY.' (hcJfvD 4905, 4907, dkvdmpD 3315bQ)
ˆjub sbkfv msLA pdl drjmk, ncsjZwt, ifvldwGkf W lCvldwGkf bf Kfsj, kfrst
dkdb `mrfb sbkf' rshb jDHfsh? zfmfv bhD dYstb snƒ mrfb sbkf.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv ndròckf W [mfwDtkf

mrfbhD -ˆv ndròckf W [mfwDtkf dYt lxófs§Àv ivfjfôf. mCJG, dbshGfL W
znHAslv hhGv hAhrfsv dkdb yvm nrbwDtkfv idvyq dlsqsYb. zfïfrv äDsbv
lfWqfskv isK dkdb jk jó hvB jsvsYb!
iadkswfL sbWqfv ncspfo W wdÙÁ Kfjf nsÙ¶W iadkswfL bf sbWqfv bfm rt
[mfwDtkf. dkdb k]fv uDhsb snƒ [mfwDtkf ialwGb jsvsYb.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) hstb, `zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfl hAkDk vfnCtcïfr
jJsbf jf…sj örs²À mfsvbdb, bf sjfb ²ÃDsj bf sjfb lfn-lfnDsj. jfsvf dlj sKsj
dkdb sjfb jó sist jólfkfv dbje sKsj iadkswfL sbbdb. rA]f, pdl zfïfrv
rfvfmjxk sjfb dudbn tQOb jvf rk (zKGf{ sj… ycdv, hAdHyfv ƒkAfdl jfu j'sv
sItk), kfrst zfïfrv ubAƒ dkdb iadkswfL dbskb (wfd²À dlskb).' (mcndtm 6195bQ)
k]fv iadk mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt,
 134
"&s ‫( " א‬١٣) {: S3 3 +
4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ]4 Y5 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 S4 : 1}4 5 }
ªkcdm Wslvsj [mf jv W …si[f jv. dbÇyq zfïfr n{jmGwDtslvsj Hfthfsnb.«
(mfdqlfr } 13)
1. dkdb iadkswfL dbsk kfsqIhfnDslvsj mfvsk yfbdb, k]fv hÜczf dYt ˆAfem-shfmfv
yfƒskW shdw wdÙÁwftD; dj§Â dkdb kf iasqfo jsvbdb. k]fv lcƒ Ffbf yfyf zfhC kfsth W ²ÃD
JflDuf (vf}) rfvfsbfv iv pJb k]fv …iv zkAfyfsvv mfÛf shsV sot, kJb dkdb dbvfwfv
zájfsv zfwfv zfstfv náfsb kfsqI nIv jvstb. snJfsb si]ZsY nfjDI sofsÛv
stfjdlosj ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jvstb. dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq sp, snJfsbW dkdb kfslv
dbje sKsj ŠÝkA, hAÌ-dhû™i W jó YfVf zbA djYc sistb bf. snJfsb dkdb (10 zKhf)
30 dlb zh²¿fb jvstb. idvswsN kfvf k]fsj ifKv Y]csV zfOfk jvt. ˆmbdj kfsk k]fv
ifsqv sofVftDäq vÙÁfÙÁ rsq sot. ˆ[sB dkdb mÄfq dIsv zfnfv dnÝf§À dbstb. dIvfv
isK dkdb kfsqI sKsj 3 mfƒt lCsv zhd²¿k ˆj zfÌcsvv hfofsb zfwaq sbb ˆhQ snJfsb
lcƒ rfk kcst ˆj iadnÝ lczf jsvb.
dkdb hstb, ªzfdm kfsqI sKsj ia²¿fb jvtfm. sn nmq zfdm dblfv¢b shlbf W
lcdÇy§Àfoa²À dYtfm. `j¶fvbcN Nfzfdth' (hkGmfsb zfn-nfƒtct jfhDv; pf dvqfp W kfv
ifw¶hG kGD ˆtfjfv stfsjslv mDjfk)-ˆ ˆsn idviCBG ³ykbAiafå rƒ. mfKf kcst …iv dlsj
kfdjsq sldJ, ˆjJà smO zfmfsj Yfqf jsv zfsY. t[A jsv sldJ kfsk duhvDt
vsqsYb. dkdb zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq htstb, `zfibfv n©ialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY
ˆhQ zfibfv iadk sp lchGAhrfv jsvsY, zfïfr kfv nhdjYcƒ ðsbsYb W slsJsYb. ˆ[sB
dkdb ihGk-dbq§ÃBjfvD dIdvñfsj zfibfv dJlmsk siavB jsvsYb. zfidb Wslv hAfifsv
k]fsj pf ƒ¤Yf dbslGw ialfb jv¢b.' zk}iv ihGk-dbq§ÃBjfvD dIdvñf zfmfsj zfrhfb
ufdbsq nftfm dlsq htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfibfv n©ialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY dbÇyq
zfïfr kf ðsbsYb. zfv zfdm ihGskv dIdvñf. zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv
dbje siavB jsvsYb. zfidb Wslv hAfifsv zfmfsj pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ dbslGw dlb. pdl zfidb
yfb sp, zfdm mÄfv lcƒ ifrfVsj ˆjdÛk jsv Wslvsj disN L¶Qn jsv dlƒ, kfrst kfƒ
rsh.' dj§Â zfdm httfm,
.« ^Q4: 3*/3 Kg@ f4 V1 5? 1•:&O
4 ‫و‬: :*>!‫ א‬1&14 V: 74 8: H4 X@ /35 ,
4 5 74 83 1*>!‫ א‬:‫ @ج‬ž
4 V1 ‫ن‬4 5 L
1 4 5 4 /: »
ªbf, hvQ zfdm ˆƒ zfwf jdv sp, zfïfr ‰ ufdkv ixôslw rsk ˆmb hQwLv nxdó
jvshb; pfvf ˆjmfÛ k]fvƒ ƒhflk jvsh ˆhQ k]fv nfsK zbA jf…sj wvDj jvsh bf.
(hcJfvD 3231, mcndtm 4754bQ)
2. kcIfƒt dhb zfmXv lfWnD ƒntfsm lDd[k rstb. zk}iv dkdb dIsv dosq dbu
sofsÛv stfjsj ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb jvstb. k]fv zfrhfsb nfVf dlsq k]fv zfêf
W ²ÃD ƒntfm oarB jvstb. hfjD stfsjvf „mfb zfbsk zöDjfv jvt. dkdb zfïfrv
vnCt -ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! lfWn sofÛ zhfLA, kfvf
ƒntfm oarB jvsk zöDjfv jsvsY. zfidb kfslv …iv hÜczf jv¢b.' ˆ jKfv iv
stfsjvf Hfht sp, dkdb ˆhfv kfslv …iv hÜczf jvshb. dj§Â dkdb lczf jsv htstb,
.« H4 X@ /3 39s4‫א‬:‫ و‬Q ‫و‬4 :‫ د‬3&\4 ‫ א‬BHX1 >!‫» א‬
135
ªsr zfïfr! kcdm lfWn sofÛsj srlfqfk jv ˆhQ kfslvsj (zfmfv dbje) zfbqb
jv.« (hcJfvD 2937, 4392, mcndtm 6611bQ)
nckvfQ ndròckfv nfsK snƒ lczfv Ist lfWn sofsÛv 80/90 Osvv stfj
mcntmfb rsq sot.
3. zkAfyfsvv dblfv¢b zfOfskv dwjfv rsq k]fv nfrfhDoB k]fsj zfïfrv dbje
mcwdvjslv …iv hÜczf (zdHwfi) jvsk hstdYstb. dj§Â dkdb hstdYstb,
.« ً ': O
4 : 19„43 /1 ': B@A‫و‬: Q B !5 ¢
4 : /4K H4 !5 M@A »
ªzfdm zdHwfijfvDv™si siadvk rƒdb. zfdm skf jv¢Bfv™si siadvk rsqdY.« (mcndtm
6778bQ)
4. …ùl pcsÝ k]fv syrfvf vÙÁfÙÁ jvf rst dkdb vÙÁ mcYsk mcYsk lczf jsv
hstdYstb, ªsr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv n©ialfqsj [mf jsv lfW. jfvB, kfslv Îfb sbƒ.«
(hcJfvD 3477, 6929, mcndtm 4747bQ)
5. ˆjlf mrfbhD j½f§À-waf§À rsq ˆj hfhtf ofsY dbsuv kvhfdv tesj svsJ dhwafm
dbd¤Ystb. ˆmb nmq ˆj jfsIv shlc„b ˆsn snƒ kvhfdv dbsq (k]fv …iv kcst Lsv)
htt, `ˆJb skfmfsj zfmfv rfk sKsj sj v[f jvsh?' mrfbhD htstb, ªzfïfr.«
ˆ jKf swfbfmfÛ kvhfdv k]fv rfk rsk isV sot. dkdb kf …dEsq dbsq (kfv …iv kcst
Lsv) htstb, ªˆJb skfmfsj zfmfv rfk rsk sj v[f jvsh?« shlc„b htt, `sj… bf.'
zKhf `kcdm.'
lqfv bhD kfsj mfI j'sv dlstb. Ist sn mcntmfb rsq sot. zbA hBGbf msk sn
mcntmfb rqdb; dj§Â zÌDjfvhÝ rt sp, sn k]fv dhv¢sÝ sjfbÛÁsmƒ zfv pcÝ jvsh bf.
(dmwjfk 5305bQ)
6. mÄf-dhusqv pcsÝ dhuq tfsHv iv dkdb ƒ¤Yf jvst hù icvfkb sÛÁfL dmefsk
ifvskb ˆhQ jfsIv mÄfhfnDsj ˆj ƒwfvfq L¶Qn jsv dlsk ifvskb. dj§Â dkdb kf
jsvbdb. jfvB k]fv skf hAdÙÁok sjfb sÛÁfL dYt bf ˆhQ dkdb skf L¶Qsnv ubA siadvk
rbdb. kfƒ dkdb [mf sOfNBf j'sv hstdYstb,
78‫ و‬7< 83 - : X1 5 :&~
3 4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬: ;
: :‫ د‬74 8: ‫و‬: 7< 83 - : X1 5 1•: ‫א‬:‫ د‬3*4 5 : :Z5 ©ْ 5 74 8: ‫و‬: 7< 83 - : X1 5 :‫ ن‬: Yْ 1 /3 5 : ‫א‬:‫ د‬: ;
: :‫ د‬74 8: )
.(78- X i !‫ א‬n!
zKGf{, sp zfhC ncdIqfsbv Osv Tcjsh, sn dbvfil. sp dbu Osvv lvuf há jsv sbsh, sn
dbvfil. sp mndusl Tcjsh, sn dbvfil. sp z²Ã huGb jvsh, sn dbvfil. (mcndtm 4724, zfhC
lf†l 3023bQ)
7. mÄf dhusqv dlb zftD zfhC ncdIqfbsj htstb, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv n©mcsJ
dosq snƒ jKf ht, sp jKf ƒ…ncsIv HfƒoB ƒ…ncIsj hstdYstb,
} V " (٩١) {: ^3¦3 ž: !5 SBPK ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: S:45 : 1*’!‫ א‬5g: ‰:- &4 n5 !5 3*’! I:}
`zfïfrv wiK! zfïfr dbÇyq skfmfsj zfmfslv …iv iafLfbA dlsqsYb ˆhQ db}ns¦lsr
zfmvfƒ dYtfm zivfLD.' (ƒ…ncI } 91)
dbÇyq dkdb yfƒshb bf sp, zbA sj… …Ùsv k]fv yfƒsk shdw nc¦lv srfj.
nckvfQ zfhC ncdIqfb snƒ mskf jvst vfnCtcïfr kfsj htstb,
 136
} V " (٩٢) {: '3 O 3 ‫א‬B !‫ א‬1HO
: 4 5 : \1 ‫و‬: H4 JK !5 1*’!‫ א‬1 Y3“4 V: :‫م‬4 :!ْ‫ א‬1HJK 4 5: :dV: „4I: 5?}
`zfu skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ sjfb zdHspfo sbƒ. zfïfr skfmfslvsj [mf jv¢b ˆhQ dkdbƒ
nhGswaô lqftc. (ƒ…ncI } 92) (dIj¶Xùn nDvfr 376ix}, zfv-vfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 376ix})
8. zfècïfr dhb mfn…l hstb, ùbfƒb pcsÝv odbmskv mft h¦esb vfnCtcïfr
djYc stfjsj (kfslvsj zfjxó jvfv ubA) iafLfbA dlstb (zKGf{, zbA stfsjv kctbfq
kfslvsj shwD mft dlstb). nckvfQ dkdb zfj¶vf' dhb rfshnsj ˆjwk …e dlstb
ˆhQ …qfƒbf dhb drnXbsjW kfvƒ mskf dlstb. zbcv™i zfvshv zfsvf djYc níf§À
mfbcNsjW sndlb (mft) h¦esb iafLfbA dlstb. (ˆ slsJ) ˆjde stfj htt, `zfïfrv
jnm! ˆƒ h¦esb ƒbnfI jvf rqdb ˆhQ ˆsk zfïfrv ns§ÀfN tfsHv ƒ¤Yf vfJf rqdb!'
zfdm (ƒhsb mfn…l) httfm, `zfïfrv jnm! dbÇyq zfdm ˆƒ nQhfl zfïfrv vnCt
-sj si]ZsY slh.' zkˆh zfdm kf]v jfsY ˆsn snƒ nQhfl dltfm, pf sn htt. Ist
k]fv syrfvf idvhdkGk rsq ˆmbdj tfthBG rsq sot. zk}iv dkdb htstb,
.(: :#
: 5 ‫א‬:W\: 74 83 : „:Pْ 5‚/3 :c3‫وذ‬K &4 65 : 81 1*> !‫ א‬:HO 3 : ‫؟‬1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1*> !‫ل א‬4 3&4 V: H4 !5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A 1‫ل‬3&4 V: 74 ': 5 )
ªpdl zfïfr W kf]v vnCt ƒbnfI bf jsvb, kfrst zfv sj ƒbnfI jvsh? zfïfr
mCnfsj vrm jv¢b, kf]sj ˆv sysq shwD jó slWqf rsqdYt. dj§Â dkdb ³LpG LfvB
jsvdYstb.«
zhswsN zfdm (msb msb) httfm sp, `zfdm ˆv isv sjfb jKf kf]v jfsY si]ZYfh
bf.' (hcJfvD 3150, mcndtm 2494bQ)
9. ˆjlf duƒvGfbfsk mrfbhD obDmskv mft h¦eb jvdYstb. ˆj hAdÙÁ
hst …Et, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb bAfqHfsh h¦eb jv¢b. ‰ h¦eb bAfpA rs¤Y bf!'
mrfbhD kfv ˆ jKf ðsb htstb,
.(1‫ل‬3&4 5 74 PK 5 H4 !5 ‫ن‬4 @A 1U4 3 ; : ‫و‬: 194 ; 3 &4 65 ‫ل‬4 3&4 5 H4 !5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A 1‫ل‬3&4 V: 74 8: ‫و‬: 5h5 V4 ‫و‬: )
ªlCv rkHfof! zfdm bAfpA h¦eb bf jvst zfv sj jvsh? ƒbnfI bf jvst zfdm
hAKG W [dkoa²À rh.« …mfv htstb, `zfmfsj zbcmdk dlb. zfdm ‰ mcbfdIsjv
olGfbde …dVsq dlƒ.' vfnCtïc fr htstb, ªWv djYc nryv zfsY, pfvf jcvzfb isV.
dj§Â jcvzfb kfslv jØbftD ifv rq bf. kfvf ƒntfm sKsj ‰Hfsh shv rsq pfsh,
spHfsh kDv dwjfv sHl j'sv shv rsq pfq.« (hcJfvD 3610, mcndtm 2496bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv kDha nmfstfybf jvf rst …mfv nmfstfyjsj rkAf jvsk
yfƒstb. dj§Â hxrÙv öfKG v[fv Jfdksv dkdb k]fsj zbcmdk dlstb bf, pfsk stfsj bf
hst sp, mcrf©mfl dbu nryvslvsj rkAf jvsY. nckvfQ dkdb ˆ s[sÛ mrf ndròckf
zhtìb jsvsYb.
10. zfhC mCnf hstb, zfdm bhD -ˆv ifsw dYtfm kJb dkdb mÄf-mlDbfv
mfsU duƒvGfbfsk zh²¿fb jvdYstb. k]fv nfsK dYstb dhtft. ƒdk msLA ˆj shlc„b
hAdÙÁ vfnCtïc fr -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htt, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfmfsj sp iadkwa¢dk
dlsqdYstb, kf dj iftb jvshb bf?' vfnCtcïfr kfsj htstb, ªncnQhfl bfW.«
shlc„b k]fsj htt, `zfidb zfmfsj ncnQhfl hùhfv hstsYb.'
137
vfnCtïc fr vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq zfhC mCnf W dhtfstv dlsj dIsv htstb,
.« ': b14 5 5 :6ْ 5 x: f4 1!ْ ‫ א‬B‫د‬: &4 65 ‫א‬:W\: B‫ن‬A@ »
ªˆ skf ncnQhfl vÜ jsv dlt, skfmvf kf oarB jv.«
k]fvf htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmvf kf oarB jvtfm.' zk}iv vfnCtcïfr
ˆjde ifsÛ ifdb zfbsk htstb. zk}iv dkdb kfsk dbu lcƒ rfk W syrfvf Lcstb
ˆhQ jcdï j'sv (jcdïv ifdb) kfsk dlstb. kfviv htstb,
.« ‫א‬: f3 /4 5 ‫و‬: ': PK @ +
1 1‫و‬: ': JK \3 L
1 ‫و‬1 5 : ©5 @ ْ 5 ‫و‬: 1*S4 83 /:: 4 ‫» א‬
ªˆ sKsj ifb jv ˆhQ skfmfslv syrfvf W hcsj sTst bfW ˆhQ ncnQhfl oarB jv.«
k]fvf ifÛde dbsq kfƒ jvstb, pf jvsk vfnCtcïfr k]fslvsj zfslw jsvdYstb.
ilGfv zfVft sKsj …s©m nftfmfr Ffj dlsq htstb, `skfmfslv ifsÛ pf zfsY, kfv
djYc skfmfslv zf©mfv ubA h]fdysq vfJ.' nckvfQ k]fvf k]fv ubA djYc zhdwó vfJstb.
(hcJfvD 4328, mcndtm 6561bQ)
ˆ shlc„sbv zwftDb hAhrfsvW dkdb vfo rWqf nsÙ¶W ³LpG Lvstb.
11. mrfbhD ˆj hAdÙÁv dbje ‡BD dYstb. kfv dbje sKsj ˆjde …sev hf¤yf
Lfv dbsqdYstb. stfjde ‡B zflfq jvsk ˆsn mrfbhD -sj jjGw HfNfq jec jKf
swfbfsk wcv¢ jsv dlt. kf slsJ nfrfhfoB kfsj (Lmj dlsq) hfLf dlsk syóf jvstb.
dj§Â mrfbhD htstb, ªrjlfsvv jKf htfv zdLjfv zfsY. skfmvf Wv ‡B swfL
jsv lfW. Wv ubA ˆjde …e ÛÁq jv.«
nckvfQ kfv ubA …e djbsk pfWqf rt. zKhf k]fv dbje pJb nljfv …e ˆt
kJb dkdb ‰ stfjdev …sev hf¤yf idvswfL jvsk nfrfhfsj zfslw jvstb. htf rt,
`…eocstfv msLA nhocstfƒ hV hV …e vsqsY, …sev sjfb hf¤yf Wslv msLA sbƒ.' kJb
bhD htstb,
.« Q : 65 H4 X1 S1: O
4 5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: : ;
3 B‫@ن‬A 1• VB @A 3*Œ3 4 5 »
zKGf{, ‰ hV …eƒ dlsq lfW. jfvB, skfmfslv msLA snƒ hAdÙÁ swaô sp (‡B)
idvswfsLv hAfifsv …Ùm.« (mcndtm 4192-4196bQ, zfrmfl 9390bQ)
12. zfv ˆj mv¢hfnD (shlc„b) stfsjv jfsY dkdb djYc sJucv Lfv jsvdYstb. sn
k]fv dbje dbsuv ifWbf zflfq jvsk ˆsn k]fsj jec jKf wcbfsk tfot. ˆmbdj sn
k]fsj htt, `zfidb zfmfv ‡B idvswfL bf jvst, zfdm zfibfsj mcwdjst sIth!'
ˆ jKf wcsb nfrfhfoB kfsj Lmj dlstb W htstb, `zfsv shzflh! ufsbf kcdm jfv
nfsK jKf htY?' stfjde htt, `zfdm zfmfv rj zflfq yfd¤Y.' mrfbhD htstb,
ªskfmvf rjlfsvv nÌ dlst bf sjb?« zk}iv dkdb JfWtfr dhs§À jfƒsnv dbje
hst ifEfstb sp, ªpdl skfmfv jfsY sJucv Kfsj, kfrst zfmfsj Lfv lfW. zk}iv
zfmfslv sJucv ˆst skfmfsj idvswfL jsv slh.« JfWtfr htstb, `zhwAƒ slh.
zfmfv zfêf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' zk}iv dkdb sJucv dlst
mrfbhD stfjdev ‡B idvswfL jvstb ˆhQ zfsvf djYc shwD sJsk dlstb. stfjde
htt, `zfidb zfmfv rj iCvB jvstb, zfïfr zfibfv rj iCvB jv¢j.' mrfbhD
 138
htstb, ªWvfƒ rt Hft stfj, (pfvf nc¦lvHfsh ‡B idvswfL jsv.) sn ufdk idhÛ
rsh bf (hf bf srfj), sp ufdkv lcht G hAdÙÁ dbu zdLjfv zbfqfsn zflfq bf jvsk
sisvsY.« (ƒhsb mfufr 2426, hfpXpfv, k¶fhfvfbD, zfhC qAf'tf, nrDùt ufsm' 2421 bQ)
zfïfù zfjhfv! ˆmb ndròc ydvÛ bf rst jD lf„ rWqf pfq? bpDvdhrDb hAhrfsvv
Istƒ stfsjvf k]fv iadk mcÊ dYt. k]fv zfjNGBDq ydvÛ slsJƒ …lfv msbv jfsIvvf
mcntmfb rsqdYt.
13. dj§Â jieyfvD mcndtm, ncdhLfhflD mcbfdIjvf k]fv ydvsÛ zfjxó dYt bf. kfvf
Osvv wÛ¢ dhHDNB rsq Osvv mfbcsNv [dk jsvsY. Osvv sT]dj jcmDv rsq Osvv sYst
Lsv sJsqsY. kfslv nfsK jD zfyvB jsvsYb nrAwDt bhD ?
sp mcbfdIjvf ƒntfmsj iY¦l jsvdb, dj§Â öfsKGv ksv mcntmfb rWqfv nM
snsudYt, pfvf Yl¹shsw sofisb ƒntfmsj dbdÇyrÁ jvsk sysqdYt, äDsbv bhDsj jk
wk jó dlsqdYt, mcndtmslv mfsU dhd¤Yâkf W dhsHl nxdó jvsk sysqdYt, mcndtmslv
dhv¢sÝ kfslv wÛ¢slvsj sofib nrspfdokf jsvdYt, kfslv nfsK snƒ mrfbcHh bhDv
zfyvB jD dYt?
kfslv spmb lcvdHndá dYt, k]fv skmdb drjmk, ncsjZwt W lCvldwGkf dYt. kfslv
msb nQjDBGkf dYt, dj§Â k]fv msb …lfvkf dYt. kfslv msb drQnf dYt, dj§Â k]fv msb
[mfwDtkf dYt.
…lfrvB öv™i mcbfdIjslv nlGfv zfècïfr dhb …hfƒsqv jKf htf pfq.
(j) ƒqfùlD sofÛÈstfv nfsK mcndtmslv wfd§Àv nfsK nrfh²¿fsbv ycdÙÁbfmf dYt.
hlv pcsÝv iv hfbC j¶fƒbcjf' sn ycdÙÁ HÌ jvfv ˆjde jfà jsv hnt. kfslv ˆjub
hfufsvv msLA ˆj mcndtm mdrtfv jfiV Jcst dlt. zbA ˆjub uSbj mcndtm
hAdÙÁsj Jcb jvt.
nckvfQ zfïfrv vnCt druvDv dhwkm mfsnv wWqfstv isbsvf kfvDsJ wdbhfv
nfrfhfoBsj dbsq kfslvsj sOvfW jvstb. isbsvf dlb dbsuslv lcsoG zhsvfsL sKsj
mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj kfslv msb mcndtmslv iadk zfkË iad[å rt. zhswsN
kfvf mrfbhD -ˆv dhyfv smsb dbsk ia²k  rsq lcoG sKsj zhkvB jvt. dkdb
kfslvsj h¦lD jvstb. kfvf dYt nfk wk ub spfÝf.
zfècïfr dhb …hfƒsqv r™lq lqfûG rt kfslv iadk. mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY tfot
ncifdvw jvsk. dkdb kfslvsj wfd²À bf dlsq mcÙÁ jvsk zöDjfv jvst sn k]fv
stZrhsmGv hcsjv sJftf zQsw Lsv iDVfiDdV jvsk tfot. idvswsN dkdb kfv ncifdvw
oarB jvstb. dj§Â kfslvsj mlDbf sYsV yst spsk htstb. zfv dkdb mcbfdIsjv ‰
LxókfiCBG zfyvBsj [mf jsv dlstb. (nDvfsk ƒhsb drwfm 2/428, zft-dhlfqfr zb-dbrfqfr
4/4, vfrmfkct dtt-zftfmDb 12/9)
(J) …ùl pcsÝv dlb mcndtm snbfslv mfsU mksHl rt, mlDbfv dHksv sKsj wÛ¢v
smfjfshtf jvf pfq, bfdj hfƒsv sKsj? mcbfdIj-nlGfsvv mk dYt iaKm mkfhtìDslv
zbcv™i.
idvswsN mlDbfv hfƒsv sKsj wÛ¢v smfjfshtf jvfv mkde iafLfbA sit. snƒ Wusv
139
zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ ˆj kxkDqfQw ³nbA dbsq …ùslv iK sKsj mlDbf dIsv ˆt. ufshv
-ˆv dikf zfècïfr dhb zfmXv kfsj jk hcUft, jk dkvõfv jvt, dj§Â sn mlDbf
YfVsk vfpD rstf bf. mrfb zfïfr snƒ mcbfsIjDv jKf …sïJ jsv hstsYb,
NW^3 8: 4 V: @ Yْ JK ْ !3 H4 \1 H4 PK S:4 :IB>? ?ً b:63 1H5 4 : 4 !5 ْ‫! א‬K 65 ْ‫ א‬1 5 ‫د‬4 ‫ @و א‬5 3*’ !‫ @ א‬3: R3 ْ‫ א‬K I3 65 ْ‫א‬4 !5 : I: H4 X1 !5 : 63 ‫و‬: }
(١٦٧) {:‫' ن‬1 b1Jْ V: ': /3 1H5 4 5 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X@ /3 K 6K R3 :•4 !5 8B H@X\3 ‫א‬: ْ 5‚/3 :‫! ن‬K nK V: @‫® ن‬ : @Á!3 H4 X1 S4 83 1$: 6ْ 5
zKGf{, kfslvsj htf rsqdYt, ˆn, skfmvf zfïfrv isK pcÝ jv zKhf iadkv[f jv.
kfvf hstdYt, pdl zfmvf pcÝ ufbkfm, kfrst dbdÇykHfsh skfmfslv zbcnvB
jvkfm. sndlb kfvf dhÇhfn („mfb) zsi[f zdhÇhfsnv (jcIvDv) zdLj dbjekm
dYt. pf kfslv z§Àsv sbƒ, kf kfvf mcsJ hst. zfv kfvf pf sofib vfsJ, zfïfr kf
dhswNHfsh zhdrk. (‚st ƒmvfb } 167)
htf hfùtA, zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ pcsÝ zQwoarB jvt bf, hù stfjsj zQwoarB
jvsk hfLf dlt. iv§Â ziv ltdesj oftfofdt jvt.
mrfbhD kfv dhv¢sÝ sjfb hAh²¿f dbstb bf. hV ndròckfv nfsK ˆk hV zivfL
[mfnc¦lv lxdósk slJstb. nrfh²¿fbjfvD mcndtmslvsj znrfq zh²¿fq huGb jvfv
mskf OxBA zfyvsBv dhv¢sÝ sjfb ils[i jvstb bf. (pflct mfzfl 3/194, nDvfsk
ƒhsb drwfm 3/8, 57, zft-dhlfqfr zb-dbrfqfr 4/51, vfrmfkct dtt-zftfmDb 12/10)
(o) zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ mrfbhD -ˆv lfWqfkD jfsuW hfLf slWqfv zisyóf
yfdtsqsY. ˆjlf dkdb nWqfv rsq nf'l dhb …hflfv dbje pfd¤Ystb. isK zfècïfr
dhb …hfƒ W kfv yfdvifsw …idhó kfv sofsÛv stfsjv nsÌ slJf. dkdb nWqfvD sKsj
sbsm nftfm dlsq kfslv dbje djYc[B hnstb. kfslvsj jcvzfsbv djYc zQw ifE
jsv ðbfstb, …islw dlstb, nkjG jvstb, HDdk ialwGb jvstb W ncnQhfl dlstb.
zk]iv dkdb pJb dbsuv hÙÁhA swN jvstb, kJb zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ htt, `zfsv
Hfƒ! skfmfv mskf ˆk nc¦lv jKf zfdm htsk ifdv bf. ksh kf pdl nkA rq, kfrst
kcdm skfmfv Osv dosq hsnf. zk}iv sp skfmfv jfsY zfsn, kfv jfsY kf hqfb jv.
zfv sp skfmfv jfsY zfsn bf, kfsj kf ðdbsq jó dlsqf bf. sp kf ðbsk ziY¦l
jsv, kfv mudtsn ˆsnf bf. (nDvfsk ƒhsb drwfm 2/218-219)
mrfbhD zfïfrv isK ndròckf zhtìb jvstb. kfv dhv¢sÝ sjfb hAh²¿f dbstb
bf. spsrkc k]fv iadk dbslGw dYt,
‫( " א א‬١٩٩) {: 3\3 ~ : !ْ ‫@ א‬7: ‫ض‬ 4 @ 4 5 ‫و‬: 3 4 1 !ْ /3 4 81 ْ ‫و‬: : Yْ : !ْ ‫ א‬3W;
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zKGf{, kcdm [mfwDtkfv bDdk zhtìb jv, n{jfsuv dbslGw lfW ˆhQ mCJsG lvsj
ˆdVsq yt. (zf'vfI } 199)
(O) hfbc bfpDv pJb mlDbf-ycdÙÁ HÌ jsv, kJb mrfbhD kfslvsj mlDbf sKsj
shv rsq spsk zfslw jsvb. kJbW zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ kfslv i[ dbsq jKf hst,
kfslvsj zfw¶fn slq, kfslv nis[ sKsj iadkis[v dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jvfv zÌDjfv jsv.
mrfb zfïfr sn jKf jcvzfsb hstsYb,
B7L
: 1ž
4 S:!5 H4 b1L
4 @;
4 K 74 ^3 !5 3$ b:J3 !ْ ‫\ @ א‬4 5 74 83 ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬1HX@ 3‫א‬: ;4 @‘!3 :‫! ن‬K nK V: ‫ א‬nK 5 : :7V3W!> ‫! א‬5 @A I: H4 !5 5 }
 140
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4 K 74 ^3 !5 (١١) :‫ ن‬/13‫ ذ‬J5 !5 H4 X1 B@A 1&X: f4 V: 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK B: #
1 S:S!5 H4 b1ْ I3 6K ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&/:5 ‫א‬Q&O
: 5 H4 JK 3 1Š Œ3 1 !5 ‫و‬: H4 JK : 8:
f(‫( א‬١٢) {:‫ون‬1 #: S1V !5 BH‰1 : /:‫د‬4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬B7!r: 1 !5 H4 \1 ‫و‬1 #
: B 73^!5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 :‫و‬1 #
1 SV: !5 ‫ א‬K I3 6K 73^!5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 : 8: :‫ ن‬L
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4 V:
zKGf{, kcdm dj mcbfdIjslvsj slJdb? kfvf zfrst djkfhslv msLA pfvf zdhw¶fn
jsvsY, kfslv snƒ Hfƒslvsj hst, `skfmvf pdl hdr°jk x rW, kfrst zfmvf zhwAƒ
skfmfslv nfsK slwkAfoD rh ˆhQ zfmvf skfmfslv hAfifsv jJsbf jfsvf jKf mfbh bf
ˆhQ pdl skfmvf zfÛÁf§À rW, ksh zfmvf zhwAƒ skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jvh.' dj§Â
zfïfr nf[A dls¤Yb sp, kfvf zhwAƒ dmKAfhflD. h²Âk} kfvf hdr°jk x rst, (mcbfdIj¶vf)
kfslv nfsK slw kAfo jvsh bf ˆhQ kfvf zfÛÁf§À rst kfvf kfslvsj nfrfpA jvsh bf
ˆhQ kfvf nfrfpA jvsk ˆstW zhwAƒ ixô ialwGb jvsh, zk}iv kfvf sjfb nfrfpAƒ
ifsh bf. (rfwXv } 11-12)
ˆ s[sÛW mrfbhD kfsj mfI jsv slb. zfv hfbC bfpDvsj mlDbf sKsj hdr°jfv
jsvb. (pflct mfzfl 3/127, nDvfsk ƒhsb drwfm 3/192, zft-dhlfqfr zb-dbrfqfr 4/75,
vfrmfkct dtt-zftfmDb 12/11)
(M) mcvfƒnD' hf hfbc mc²fÀ dtj pcsÝ kfv jmGjfà dhswNHfsh …sïJspfoA. sn pcsÝ
mrfbhD -ˆv nIv-ndÌbD dYstb mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf). dIvfv isK
iafjxdkj jmG nfvsk dosq dkdb diYsb sKsj sost k]fv idhÛ ydvsÛ jtË tfso. zfv
sn jfdtmf stisbv mCst dYt zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ. kfsk mrfbhD zbAfbAsj zfdw
yfhcj smsv wfd²À dlsqsYb. dj§Â kfsj svrfƒ dlsq dhwft ndròckfv idvyq dlsqdYstb.
(y) hfbct mc²fÀ dtj pcsÝv iv vfnCtcïfr kJsbf mcvfƒnD' UBGfv dbje zh²¿fb
jvdYstb, ˆmb nmq jkjÈstf stfj ifdb nQoasrv …sÜswA snJfsb zfomb jsv.
zfombjfvDslv msLA …mfv -ˆv ˆjub wadmj dYt, pfv bfm dYt ufrufr doIfvD.
UBGfv dbje zfsvf ˆjub dYt, pfv bfm dYt dnbfb dhb zhfv ucrfbD. sjfb jfvsB ˆƒ
lc'usbv msLA hfj-dhkàf rsk rsk swN ipGfsq L²ÀfLd²À W mïpcÝ ðv¢ rsq pfq. ˆj
ipGfsq ucrfbD dy{jfv ðv¢ j'sv slq, `sr zfbnfv lt! (zfmfsj nfrfspAv ubA la¢k
ˆdosq ˆn.)' ziv is[ ufrufr zfrhfb jvsk Kfsj, `sr mcrfduv lt! (zfmfsj
nfrfpA jvfv ubA skfmvf wDOa ˆdosq ˆn.)'
vnCt kf slsJ htstb, ªzfdm skfmfslv msLA hkGmfb zfdY zKy skfmvf
zÎkfv pcsov zfyvB jvY? skfmvf ˆnh idvrfv jsv yt, ˆ nh rs¤Y lcoGápcÙÁ.«
zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ …ÙÁ Oebf zhok rsq sÛÁfsL ˆjlm sIse iVt ˆhQ htt,
`ˆv msLAƒ ˆƒ vjm jfpGjtfi ðv¢ jsvsY? zfmfslv zÑst zfwaq oarB jsv kfvf
zfmfslv ns̃ iadkäd¦l¶kf ðv¢ jsvsY ˆhQ zfmfslv nmj[ rsk yfs¤Y? zfïfrv
jnm! zfmfslv ˆhQ kfslv …iv snƒ …lfrvB iaspfuA rsk pfs¤Y, pf iChpG csov
stfsjvf hstsY, ªdbsuv jcjcvsj tftb-iftb j'sv r™óicó jv, spb sn skfmfsj
sIsV sJsk ifsv.« (zKGf{, zfmvf spb lcL dlsq jftnfi icNdY!) swfb, zfïfrv jnm!
pdl zfmvf dIsv spsk ifdv, kfrst slJsh sp, zfmfslv n©mfdbk hAdÙÁoBƒ rDb
hAdÙÁslvsj mlDbf sKsj zhwAƒ hdr®jfv jvsh.'
141
zk}iv …id²¿k stfjubslvsj t[A j'sv sn htt, `ˆƒ dhil skfmvf dbsuvfƒ
ÛÁq jsvY. skfmvf kfslvsj dbu wrsv ²¿fb dlsqY ˆhQ zfib zfib n©il h¦eb
jsv dlsqY. slJ! skfmfslv rfsk pf djYc zfsY kf slWqf pdl há jsv lfW, kfrst sn
skfmfslv wrv sYsV zbA sjfKfW yst pfsh.'
‰ nmq …ÙÁ ³hEsj pfsql dhb zfvj¶fm bfmj ˆj pchj nfrfhD …id²¿k dYstb.
dkdb ˆsn kf]v yfyfsj ‰ nm²À jKf hst dlstb. kf]v yfyf kJb vfnCtcïfr -sj
nhdjYc zhdrk jvstb. sn nmq snJfsb …mfv …id²¿k dYstb. dkdb htstb, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfêfl dhb dhwXvsj dbslGw dlb, sn Wsj rkAf jv¢j.'
vfnCtïc fr htstb, ª…mfv! ˆ jfu jD jsv nýh? stfsj htsh sp, mcrf©mfl
dbsuv nÌD-nfKDslv rkAf jvsY. bf, kf rsk ifsv bf. ksh skfmvf jcy jvfv jKf
sOfNBf jsv lfW.«
nmq W zh²¿fef kJb ˆmb dYt, sp nmsq vfnCtcïfr jcy jvskb bf. nckvfQ
stfjusbvf jcy jvsk ðv¢ jvt. ˆmb nmsq …nfƒl dhb ùpfƒv bhD -ˆv
dJlmsk …id²¿k rstb. dkdb kf]sj nftfm ufbfsbfv iv zfvu jvstb, `zfu ˆmb
znmsq pfÛf zfvý jvf rt (jD hAfifv)?'
bhD htstb, ªskfmfslv nfKD (zKGf{, ƒhsb …hfƒ) pf hstsY, kfv nQhfl dj
kcdm ifWdb?« duÎfnf jvstb, `sn jD hstsY?' bhD htstb, ªkfv LfvBf rs¤Y
ˆƒ sp, sn pdl mlDbfq iakAfhkGb jsv, kfrst n©mfdbk hAdÙÁhoG rDb hAdÙÁhoGsj
mlDbf sKsj hdr°jfv jsv slsh.«
dkdb htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb pdl yfb, kfrst zfmvf kfsjƒ mlDbf sKsj
shv jsv slh. zfïfrv jnm! snƒ rDb ˆhQ zfidb ivm n©mfdbk.'
zk}iv dkdb htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfv nsÌ nrbwDtkf hAhrfv jv¢b.
jfvB, zfïfrƒ Hft ufsbb. dkdb zfibfsj zfmfslv mfsU ˆmb ˆj nmsq dbsq
zfsnb, pJb kfv sofÛDq stfsjvf kfsj mcjce ivfsbfv ubA mdBmcÙÁfv mcjce SkvD
jvdYt. ˆ jfvsB ˆJb sn msb jvsY sp, zfidb kfv dbje sKsj kfv vfuk¶ sjsV
dbsqsYb.'
zk}iv dkdb náAf ipG§À iCBG dlhn ˆhQ njft ipG§À iCBG vfdÛ iK ytsk Kfsjb.
ˆmbdj ivhkDG dlsbv iChfG srÁ ‰ nmq ipG§À ëmB zhAfrk vfsJb, pJb svZslav iaJvkf
shw jólfqj zbcHCk rd¤Yt. ˆviv ˆj ufqofq zhkvBiChj G dwdhv ²¿fib jvf rq.
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv nIvnÌDoB ˆk j½f§À rsq isVdYstb sp, HCdmsk slr vfJsk bf
vfJskƒ njst Ocsm zsykb rsq isVb. ˆƒ ˆjefbf lDOG ëmsBv hAfifsv vfnCtcïfr
-ˆv …sÜwA dYt ˆƒ sp, stfjusbvf spb zfvfsm hsn o¬i-Èuh W Oebfv
zfstfybf-nmfstfybf jvfv ncspfo bf ifq.
ˆdlsj zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ pJb ufbsk ifvt sp, pfsql dhb zfvj¶fm kfv nm²À
jKfhfkGf iajfw jsv dlsqsY, kJb sn vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dJlmsk …id²¿k rt ˆhQ
htt sp, `zfïfrv wiK! pfsql zfibfsj sp njt jKf hstsY, zfdm kf jJbƒ hdtdb
ˆhQ ˆmb dj mcsJW zfdbdb.'
 142
‰ nmq zfbnfv sofsÛv p]fvf snJfsb …id²¿k dYstb, k]fvfW htstb, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! ˆJb W bfhftj sYstƒ zfsY ˆhQ rqskf Wv ðbsk Hct rsqsY. ƒhsb …hfƒ
pf hstdYt, kf rqskf W dEj-dEjHfsh n¹vB vfJsk ifsvdb.'
ˆ jfvsB bhD ƒhsb …hfƒsqv jKf nkA hst smsb dbstb. zh²¿fv idvsiad[sk
pfsql hstb, ˆviv ˆƒ hAfifsv zfdm ˆkƒ lc}dJk rsq isVdYtfm sp, ƒdkiCshG
zfv jJbƒ sjfb hAfifsv zfdm ˆkef lc}dJk rƒdb. snƒ dy§Àfudbk lc}sJ zfdm
hfdVskƒ hsn vƒtfm. swN ipG§À zfïfr kfzftf nCvf mcbfdIj¶Cb zhkDBG jvstb, pfv
msLA …Hq ians̃ …sïJ vsqsY }-
ª----kfvfƒ hst, zfïfrv vnCstv jfsY pfvf zfsY kfslv ubA hAq jsvf bf; pk[B
bf kfvf nsv isV. h²Âk} zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv Lb-Hfàfv skf zfïfrvƒ. dj§Â
mcbfdIj (jie)vf kf hcsU bf.) kfvf hst, zfmvf mlDbfq dIsv sost snJfb rsk
n©mfbD zhwAƒ rDbsj hdr°jfv jvsh. h²Âk} pfhkDq n©mfb skf zfïfrvƒ ˆhQ kf]v
vnCt W mc'dmbslv. dj§Â mcbfdIj (jie)vf kf ufsb bf.« (1-8 zfqfk)
pfsql hstb, ˆviv vfnCtcïfr zfmfsj sFsj ifEfstb ˆhQ ˆƒ zfqfkÈdt ifE
jsv swfbfstb. zk}iv htstb, ªzfïfr kfzftf skfmfv jKfv nkAfqb jsvsYb.«
(hcJfvD, ƒhsb drwfm 2/290-292 ix})
…dïdJk mcbfdIsjv n§Àfsbv bfmW dYt zfècïfr. n§Àfb dYstb dikfv n©iCBG
dhivDk, zkA§À n{ öHfshv mfbcN ˆhQ …Ùm nfrfhfslv z§ÀHcÙ G Á. dkdb dikfv nfsK
n©ijG dYâ j'sv …¦mcÙÁ kvhfdv rs²À mlDbfv iashw-äfsv làfqmfb rstb. pJb kfv
dikf snJfsb dosq siZ]Yt, kJb dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! kcdm ˆJfb sKsj zfv
ˆj if-W zoanv rsk ifvsh bf; pk[B vfnCtcïfr zbcmdk bf dlshb. jfvB,
dkdbƒ idhÛ W n©mfdbk ˆhQ kcdmƒ rDb W dbjxó.'
ˆviv bhD jvDm pJb snJfsb …id²¿k rsq kfsj mlDbf iashswv zbcmdk dlstb,
kJb icÛ dikfv iK sYsV dlstb. zfècïfr dhb …hfƒsqv ‰ sYstƒ vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
dbje ˆƒ hst zfvu jvstb, `zfidb kfsj rkAf jvfv ƒ¤Yf sifNB jvst zfmfsj
dbslGw ialfb jv¢b. zfïfrv jnm! zfdm kfv m²Àj sjse ˆsb zfibfv dJlmsk rfdpv
jsv slh. (zfv-vfrDj¶t c mfJkCm 2/138-141)
dj§Â dbkf§À lCvlwGD W iaÎfv zdLjfvD bhD k]fsjW sn jfsu zbcmdk bf dlsq [mf
jsv dlstb.
spsrkc hfdrAjHfsh kfvf mcndtm ˆhQ kfslvsj rkAf jvst zmcndtmvf dbsuslv
nfKD-nÌD rkAf jvf rs¤Y msb jvsh, kfƒ kfslvsj rkAf bf jvfƒ dYt pcdÙÁpcÙÁ.
(Y) snƒ mcbfdIj zfècïfr dhb …hfƒ pJb mfvf sot, kJb mrfbhD -sj kfv
ufbfpf iVfv ubA zfrhfb jvf rt. kfv sYst jfIsbv ubA k]fv jfmDn yfƒstb.
lqfv bhD dbu jfmDn k]fsj lfb jvstb ˆhQ k]fv hfsiv ufbfpf iVfv ubA …sE
l]fVfstb. …mfv dhb JfÙfh k]fv jfiV Lsv hfLf dlsq htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
zfidb Wv ufbfpf iVshb, zKy zfïfr zfibfsj kfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jvsk dbsNL
jsvsYb?!'
143
zfïfrv vnCt mcydj srsn htstb, ªzfmfsj sYsV lfW sr …mfv!« dj§Â …mfv
hfLf dlskƒ Kfjst dkdb htstb, ªzfmfsj ˆJdkqfv slWqf rsqsY. nckvfQ zfdm
ˆjde ˆJdkqfv oarB jsvdY. zfmfsj htf rsqsY, `kcdm kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv
zKhf bf jv (…Hqƒ nmfb); pdl kcdm kfslv ubA nÙv hfvW [mf iafKGbf jv, khcW
zfïfr kfslvsj jJsbfƒ [mf jvshb bf.' nckvfQ zfdm pdl ufbkfm sp, nÙv hfsvv
zdLj [mfiafKGbf jvst zfïfr kfsj [mf j'sv slshb, kfrst zfdm nÙv hfsvv shwD
[mf iafKGbf jvkfm.«
…mfv htstb, `sn ˆjub mcbfdIj.'
dj§Â mrfbcHh mrfbhD …mfv -ˆv sn hfLf …si[f j'sv njv¢B r™lq dbsq kfv
ufbfpf iVstb. nfrfhfoBW snƒ ufbfpfq zQwoarB jvstb. zk}iv bhD kfv
jhsvv ifsw dosq l]fVfstb. kfsj lfIb jvfv jfu swN rst dkdb dIsv ˆstb.
zk}iv djYc[sBv msLAƒ zfïfrv kvI sKsj dbslGw dbsq zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
H4 \1 ‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬I1 8: ‫و‬: 3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 H4 X1 B@A 3•@ 465 : 5 : H4 nK I: 5?‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&/:5 :U 8B H1XS48M N&O
: 5 5: M #
: I1 5?‫و‬: }
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zKGf{, Wslv msLA sj… mfvf sost kfv …iv jJsbf (ufbfpfv) bfmfp iVsh bf ˆhQ
kfv jhsvv jfsYW lf]Vfsh bf; kfvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv nfsK jcIvD jsvsY ˆhQ
kfvf zhfLA zh²¿fskƒ mxkcAhvB jsvsY. (nCvf kfWhfr 84 zfqfk)
ˆƒ dbslGswv iv mrfbhD zfuDhb zfv sjfb mcbfdIsjv ufbfpf isVbdb ˆhQ
kfv jhsvv ifsw l]fVfbdb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dkvdmpD, bfnf„ iamcJ)
Osvv wÛ¢slv nfsK ˆmbHfsh ytf nru hAfifv bq. khcW lfWqfkD öfsKG lf„slvsj
snƒ sjZwt dbsq iK ytsk rq. iadkswfL oarB jvfv ncspfo W nfmKGA Kfjf nsÙ¶W kf
sbWqf pfq bf.
14. zfhC ùvfƒvfr rsk hdBGk, ˆjlf vnctcïfr `bfuXl' zdHmcsJ ˆj zÇhfsvfrD
ltsj ifdEsqdYstb. zk}iv kf]vf hbC rfbDIf hQswv ˆjub stfjsj Lsv zfbstb. pfv
bfm, `ncnfmfr dhb …nft.' qAfmfmf (hkGmfsb dvqfp) wrvhfnDv dkdb dYstb ˆjub sbkf.
kf]sj mnduslv ²ÀýnmCsrv msLA ˆjde ²Àsý nfrfhDvf shs]L dlstb. zk}iv vnCt kf]v
nsÌ hfjAftfsiv usbA shv rstb. dkdb htstb, ‫؟‬K 8: ': ‰1 V: 5g:&S43 ‫א‬:‫ ذ‬8:
zKGf{, sr ncmfmfr! zfmfslv n©isjG zfibfv LfvBf jD?
…Ùsv dkdb htstb,
4 : 5 :‫' ل‬: !ْ ‫ א‬1&V@ I1 :9S4 PK ‫ن‬4 @A‫و‬: ٍ P3 : 5 : H4 3 S4 I1 H4 3 S4 I1 ‫ن‬4 @A‫و‬: ‫ ٍم‬:‫א د‬:‫ ذ‬4 b1nْ I: 4 b1nْ I: ‫ن‬4 @A < 4 ;
: 1&'B +
: 81 V: x3&S4 3
.:9^4 3 8: 1*S4 83 •5 4 I1
zKGf{, zfmfv jfsY zfibfv n©isjG LfvBf Jch …Ùm. pdl zfmfsj zfidb rkAf
jsvb, ksh zfdm kfv spfoA (zKGf{, zfmfv mskf zivfLDsj rkAf jvsk ifsvb.
zKhf zfmfsj Jcb jvst sn Jcsbv hltf sbWqf rsh.) zfv pdl rkAf bf jsv snZubA
ialwGb jsvb, ksh zfidb ˆjub jxksÎv iadk snZubA ialwGb jvshb. zfv pdl
 144
mft-Lb yfb, kfrst zfidb pkef yfƒshb, zfibfsj slWqf rsh. ˆƒ …Ùv ðsb dkdb
k]fsj sYsV dlstb. (zfv sjfb jKf htstb bf.)
zfhfv zfofmD jft bhD ˆsn ‰ ˆjƒ iaw´ jvstb. ncmfmfW …Ùsv kfƒ htstb, pf
dkdb iaKm dlsb hstdYstb. ˆ dlb bhD zfv djYc bf hst yst sostb. kxkDq dlb zfhfv
bhD ˆsn iaKm lc'dlsbv mskf iaw´ jvstb. ncmfmfW …Ùsv iaKm lc'dlsbv …Ùv
icbvfhxdÙ jvstb. zfusj mrfbhD nfrfhDslvsj htstb, ncmfmfv hf]Lbef Jcst lfW.
nckvfQ hf]LbmcÙÁ rsq ncmfmf mnduslv dbjehkDG sJucv hfofsb sostb ˆhQ sofnt
jvstb. zk}iv dkdb mndusl bhhDsk iashw jsv ifE jvstb,
.1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1•1&4: ‫א‬Q&'B +
: 81 B‫ن‬5 1&X: 4 5‫و‬: ،1*>!‫@?> א‬A :*!5@A 5? ‫ن‬4 5 1&X: 4 5
zKGf{, zfdm nf[A dld¤Y sp, ˆj zfïfr YfVf sjfb nkA mfhCl (iCuA) sbƒ. zfsvf
nf[A dld¤Y sp, mcrf©mfl kf]v hf¦lf W kf]v siadvk vnCt. zKGf{, dkdb mcntmfb rsq
sostb.
kfviv m§ÀhA jvstb, sr mcrf©mfl! zfïfrv jnm! ƒdkiCshG zfibfv mcJmàt zfmfv
jfsY nhsysq zdiaq dYt, dj§Â zfu zfibfv mcJmàt zfmfv dbje nh sKsj diaq msb
rs¤Y. zfïfrv jnm! zfibfv äDb zfmfv dbjse nhsysq zdiaq dYt, dj§Â zfu zfibfv
äDbƒ nh sKsj diaq hst msb rs¤Y. zfïfrv jnm! zfibfv wrv zfmfv dbje nh sKsj
shwD zdiaq dYt, dj§Â zfu zfibfv wrv zfmfv dbjse nh sysq shwD diaq msb rs¤Y.
zfibfv zw¶fsvfrD lt pJb zfmfsj soaIkfv jsv, kJb zfdm …mvf …sÜswA shv
rsqdYtfm. ˆ[sB ˆ hAfifsv zfibfv vfq jD? bhD kf]sj ðH nQhfl dlstb ˆhQ
kf]sj …mvf jvfv zbcmdk ialfb jvstb. zbcmdk sisq dkdb …mvf jvfv …sÜswA mÄf
zdHmcsJ vWbf rsq sostb ˆhQ pJb mÄfq …id²¿k rstb, kJb ˆjub hAdÙÁ htt,
zfidb swN jfst dhLmDG rsq sosYb? …Ùsv htstb, bf, hvQ vnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY
zfk¹nmiGB jsvdY. sö¤Yfq ƒntfm oarB jsvdY. zfv swfsbf! zfïfrv jnm! zfofmDsk
zfmfv ˆtfjf sKsj osmv ˆjef lfbfW skfmfslv ˆJfsb zfnsh bf. pk[B ipG§À zfïfrv
vnCt -ˆv jfsY zbcmdk bf ifWqf pfsh. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 345 ix})
15. zfbfn hstb, (ˆjlf) zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfsK iK ytdYtfm. sn nmq
kf]v …iv smfef sisV ˆjJfdb bfuvfbD yflv dYt. zk}iv isK ˆj shlc„sbv nsÌ
slJf rt. sn kf]v yflv Lsv Jch sufsv efb dlt. zfdm bhD -ˆv jf]sLv ˆj ifsw
slJtfm sp, Jch sufsv efbfv jfvsB yflsvv ifsVv lfo isV sosY. icbvfq sn htt,
`Wsr mcrf©mfl! skfmfv dbje zfïfrv sp mft zfsY, kf sKsj zfmfsj slWqfv zfslw
jv.' dkdb kfv dlsj mcJ dIdvsq rfnstb. zk}iv kfsj (djYc mft) slWqfv dbslGw
dlstb. (hcJfvD 3149, mcndtm 2476bQ)
ndròckf W [mfwDtkf ˆj mr{ ÈB. sp ÈB zfïfr Hfstfhfsnb, k]fv bhDW iY¦l
jsvb. sn ÈsB jD tfH rq, kfv jKf mrfb zfïfr dbu bhDsj hstsYb,
‫ ن‬S8— ‫( " א‬٩٦) {:‫ ن‬YK # 3 V: ': /3 1H5 4 5 17+ 4 : 5 ^:M B !‫ א‬17: O 4 5 :R\3 R3b!> /3 Š4 5 ‫د‬4 ‫}א‬
ªkcdm Hfstf äfvf ms¦lv mcjfdhtf jv. kfvf pf hst, zfdm sn nìsá ndhswN
145
zhdrk.« (mc'dmbCb } 96)
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4 5 :R\3 R3b!> /3 Š4 5 ‫د‬4 ‫ א‬K ^:M B !‫! א‬5 ‫و‬: K S:: +
: !ْ ‫ א‬c@ b:4 I: !5 ‫و‬: }
9 # " (٣٤) {H< '3 O :
ªHft W m¦l nmfb rsk ifsv bf. …{jxó äfvf m¦l iadkrk jv; kfrst pfslv nfsK
skfmfv wÛ¢kf zfsY, sn rsq pfsh z§ÀvÌ hácv mskf.« (rf-mDm nfulfr } 34)
(٤٠) {: '3 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 !5 1*B@A 3*> !‫ א‬5 : 1•1 L
4 5‚5 :]5 ,
4 5 ‫و‬: Y5 : 74 ': 5 X: K „4 8M › ^:M : N ^:M : ‫א‬:TL
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ªms¦lv iadkIt zbcv™i m¦l. zfv sp [mf j'sv slq W zfsifn-db°idÙ jsv kfv
icvõfv zfïfrv dbje zfsY, dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nDmftQObjfvDslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf.«
(wCvf } 40)
dbsuv Jfslm W lfn-lfnDslv iadk dkdb [mfwDtkf W ndròckf iasqfo jsvsYb.
k]fv Jfslm zfbfn hstb, ªvnCtcïfr -ˆv jvkt zsi[f zdLjkv sjfmt sjfb
svwmh²Ã jJsbf ±iwG jdvdb ˆhQ -ˆv slsrv ncodá zsi[f zdLjkv ncoá jJsbf
zfOafB jdvdb. zfdm lw hYv vnCt -ˆv dJlmk jsvdY, dj§Â jJsbf dkdb
zfmfv …iv `…}' hstbdb. pf zfdm sö¤Yfq jsvdY kfv …iv dkdb zfmfsj hstbdb sp,
`kf sjb jvst?' zfv pf jdvdb kfv ubAW hstbdb sp, `sjb jvst bf?« (hcJfvD
6038, mcndtm 6151bQ)
zfbfn zfsvf hstb, vfnCtcïfr stfsjslv msLA nhsysq nc¦lv ydvsÛv mfbcN
dYstb. ˆjlf dkdb sjfb iasqfusb zfmfsj ifEfstb. zfdm httfm, `zfïfrv jnm!
zfdm pfh bf.' zKy zfmfv msb dYt zfïfrv bhD sp jfsuv zfslw dlsqsYb, kfv
ubA zfdm pfh. nckvfQ zfdm shv rtfm. ˆj nmq djYc dwðslv ifw dlsq ifv rtfm.
kfvf hfufsv sJtf jvdYt. (zfdm snJfsb l]fdVsq sJtf slJsk tfotfm zKhf kfslv
nfsK sJtsk tfotfm.) ƒdk msLA vfnCtcïfr zfmfv diYb dlj sKsj ˆsn zfmfv
OfsV Lvstb. zfdm k]fv dlsj kfdjsq slJtfm, dkdb rfnsYb. dkdb htstb,
«‫ ؟‬5hI14 8: 5 1¢4 O
: :94 \: :‫ذ‬5 ! 1•4 :K V: »
ªsr …bfƒn! zfdm skfmfsj spJfsb spsk zfslw jsvdYtfm, snJfsb dosqdYst?«
zfdm httfm, `ˆJb pfd¤Y sr zfïfrv vnCt!' (mcndtm 6155bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆsn duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm zfmfv yfjvsj jkhfv [mf
jvh?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªiakAr 70 hfv.« (zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD, nrDr kfvoDh 2289bQ)

k]fv tÏfwDtkf
tÏfwDtkfv iajk x k¶ rt ˆmb n{ydvÛkf, pf zw½Dtkf huGb jvsk mfbcNsj …äcÝ
jsv ˆhQ zdLjfvDv zdLjfv zflfsq Û¢de ialwGb jvsk dhvk vfsJ.
mrfbhD zkA§À tÏfwDt dYstb. zfhC nf„l JclvD hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt
z§À}icvhfdnbD jcmfvDv sysqW shdw tÏfwDt dYstb. pJb dkdb sjfb dudbn ziY¦l
jvskb zfmvf k]fv syrfvfq kf hcUsk ifvkfm.' (hcJfvD 3562, mcndtm 6176bQ)
 146
mrfb zfïfrv jfsY dkdb dYstb tÏfwDt. dkdb mfbcNsjW tÏf jvskb. ˆmb
tÏf, pf iajdx kokHfsh ˆjub icv¢sNv is[ shdw.
tÏf bfvDv HCNB. khcW snƒ bfvDv tÏf zsi[fjxk jm, pfv dhhfr rsqsY ˆhQ
öfmD-nQnfv jvsY. zfv sn bfvDvW tÏf zsi[fjxk jm, sp shilGf Kfsj W Osvv
hfƒsv pfWqfq zHA²À. i[f§Àsv sp bfvD zdhhfdrkf, jcmfvD W ilGfbwDb, sn bfvDv
tÏfwDtkf nhfv yfƒsk shdw.
mrfbhD ˆmb ilGfbwDb jcmfvD zsi[f shdw tÏfwDt dYstb.
dkdb pJb sofnt jvskb, kJb ilGfv dHksv stfjy[cv z§Àvfst jvskb. dkdb
htskb,
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: BL
: ‫و‬: TB : :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr zfpXpf zufï tÏfwDt, mrf sofibjfvD. dkdb tÏwDtkf W
sofibDqkfsj Hfstfhfsnb. nckvfQ skfmfslv sj… pJb sofnt jvsh, kJb sn spb
sofibDqkf zhtìb (ilGf) jsv. (zfrmfl 17970, zfhC lf†l 4014, bfnf„ 406, n} ufsm' 1756bQ)
dkdb dbu lxdó zhbk vfJskb. sj… sjfb tÏfjv jmG jsv sItst ˆmb dhNsq
dw[f slWqfv nmq kfv bfm Lsv htskb bf. hvQ nHfq zfmHfsh htskb, pfsk sn
tdÏk bf rq. zdLjfQw nmsq htskb, ªstfsjslv jD rsqsY sp, kfvf ˆmb jfu
jsv? stfsjslv jD rsqsY sp, kfvf ˆmb jKf hst?« (n} ufsm' 4692bQ, …lfrvB öv™i
ûóhA } hcJfvD 456, 750, 6101, mcndtm 3469, 6257bQ)
mrfbhD pqbfshv WtDmfsk nfrfhfsq djvfmoBsj lfWqfk dlsqdYstb. JfWqfv
isvW djYc stfj snJfsbƒ hsn zfsifsn jKfhfkGfq dtå dYt. pfsk vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
dhswN jó zbcHh rd¤Yt. dkdb tÏf-nQsjfyhwk} kfslvsj yst pfWqfv ubA
djYcƒ htsk ifvdYstb bf. k]fv tÏfwDtkfv jKf …sïJ jsv jcvzfb zhkDBG rt,
‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A 74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: 1• :@A :7V@ l3 : : 4 ©5 ‫ ٍم‬: ¦5 !5 @A H4 JK !5 :‫ن‬:‫—ذ‬4 V1 ‫ن‬5 !> @A MR3 SB!‫ א‬:U 1 /1 ‫ א‬K;
1 &4 I: !5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
H4 JK S38 R3 +
4 b:4 : 5 BR3 SB!‫ א‬c3‫—ذ‬4 V1 :‫ ن‬P5 H4 JK !3:‫ ذ‬B‫@ن‬A N¢V3&+
: !3 : 3 3 ْ‚b:4 81 !5 ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 f3 b: 5 H4 b1'4 3 ¦5 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 ‫ א‬K ;
1 ‫د‬4 5 H4 b1 3 1‫د‬
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٥٣) {MZ+ : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 R3 +
4 b:4 V: !5 1*> !‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! skfmfslv zbcmdk bf slWqf rst skfmvf zfrfpG ia²cÀdkv ubA
zsi[f bf j'sv sHfusbv ubA bhD-oxsr iashw jsvf bf. ksh skfmfslvsj zfrhfb
jvf rst skfmvf iashw jv ˆhQ sHfub-swsN skfmvf yst pfW; skfmvf jKfhfkGfq
mwÈt rsq isVf bf. jfvB ˆ bhDv ubA jólfqj; sn skfmfslvsj …sE pfhfv ubA
htsk tÏfshfL jsv. dj§Â zfïfr nkA htsk tÏfshfL jsvb bf. (‚rXpfh } 53)
k]fv tÏfwDtkfv ˆmb snZ¦lpG dYt sp, k]fv hAfifsv jdh Ifvfplfsjv ˆƒ jdhkf-
YÛ pKfspfoA,
H b V O ?A H JV ** *b/ X8 78 R “V‫ و‬O R “V
zKGf{, tÏfwDtkfv jfvsB dkdb lxdó zhbk vfsJb. k]fv Hsq (zbAfbAvf) lxdó
zhbk vfsJ. nckvfQ pJb mcydj rfsnb kJb YfVf k]fv nfsK jKf htf pfq bf.
dkdb tÏfwDtkfv …Ùm zflwG, k]fv zfyvBW ˆhQ k]fv hfBDW. dkdb hstsYb,
147
ªzw½Dtkf (dbtGÏkf) sp dhNsq Kfsj sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGrDb (m½fb) jsv sIst.
zfv tÏfwDtkf sp dhNsq Kfsj sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGmq (msbfrv) jsv skfst.«
(nrDr dkvdmpD 1607 bQ, ƒhsb mfufr)
ªiaKm bhczskv hfBDnmCsrv pf stfsjvf sisqsY kfv msLA ˆjde hfBD ˆƒ sp,
skfmfv tÏf bf Kfjst pf mb kfƒ jv.« (zfrmfl, hcJfvD, zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb mfufr, nrDùt
ufsm 2230bQ)
ªiaskAj LsmG n¤ydvÛkf zfsY, ƒntfsmv n¤ydvÛkf rt tÏfwDtkf.« (ƒhsb mfufr,
nrDùt ufsm 2149bQ)
ªtÏfv nhecjcƒ mÌtmq.« ªtÏf sjht mÌtƒ zfbqb jsv.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm,
nrDùt ufsm 3196, 3202bQ)
ª„mfb nÙvfdLj zKhf NfEfdLj wfJfdhdwó. k¦msLA swaô wfJf (jfà) rt `tf ƒtf-
rf ƒïfïf-r' htf ˆhQ nhsysq sYfe wfJf rt iK rsk jólfqj h²Â lCvDHCk jvf. zfv
tÏfwDtkf „mfsbv ˆjde wfJfdhswN.« (hcJfvD 9 bQ mcndtm 35 bQ)
ªzhwAƒ tÏfwDtkf W „mfb ˆjƒ nCsÛ o]fKf. ˆjde yst sost zivdeW yst
pfq.« (rfsjm, dmwjfk 5094, nrDùt ufsm 1603bQ)
zfècïfr dhb …mfv hstb, ˆjlf ˆj zfbnfvD k]fv Hfƒsj tÏf kAfo jvfv
hAfifsv …islw dld¤Ystb; kf slsJ mrfbhD htstb, ªWsj dbsuv zh²¿fq sYsV
lfW. jfvB, tÏf rt „mfsbv zÌ.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm)
zhwA tÏfjv dhNsq äDsbv dhLfb ufbfv hAfifsv tÏfwDtkf iawQnbDq bq.
mrfbhD sn dhNsq iasqfusb ±ió jKf htskb, bsy{ ƒdÌsk hcdUsq dlskb.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv lqfûGkf
mrfb zfïfr ivm lqfhfb. k]fv 100de lqfv mfÛ ˆjde ixdKhDsk zhkDBG jsvsYb
hstƒ njt uDh iv±ivsj lqf jsv Kfsj. snƒ ˆjde lqfvƒ wfJf lqftc bhD -ˆv
lqf. vrmfb W vrDm k]fsj dhw¶ufrfsbv ubA vrmk öv™i siavB jsvsYb. dkdb
hstsYb,
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O
4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)
dhsw¶v mfbcN k]fv jv¢Bfq jv¢BfdnÙÁ. k]fv lqfv mfLAsm …ijxk.
p]fvf k]fv zbcnfvD, k]fvf skf ƒr-ivjfst k]fv lqfiafå rsq n©mfdbk rq.
k]fv vÙÁdiqfnD wÛ¢vfW k]fv lqf äfvf …ijxk rsqsY. kfslv msLA pfsj rkAf jvf
rsqsY, kfvf zdkdvÙÁ ififyfv kKf ifvstZdjj wfd²À sKsj mcdÙÁ sisqsY. spsrkc kfvf
sh]sy Kfjst kfslv ifi hxdÝ rskf ˆhQ snƒ zbcnfsv wfd²ÀW.
 148
k]fv ƒntfmD vfsóº hnhfnjfvD wfd§Àdiaq jfsIvvf k]fv bAfqivfqBkf W lqfûGkf
äfvf …ijxk rsqsY.
mcbfdIjvfW k]fv lqfwDtkfv jfvsB ƒrjfst rkAf sKsj v[f sisqsY.
zfv k]fv vfóºfqsÙv hfƒsv hnhfnjfvD jfsIvvfW k]fv vrmskv Yfqf sisq mrfb
naófv zfm zfpfh sKsj v[f sisqsY.
iChhG kGD bhDslv hAfifsv ˆmb dhLfb dYt sp, k]fslv …©mk jcIvD W zhfLAkf jvst
kfslvsj hAfij W oB-zfpfsh L¶Qn jsv slWqf rk. dj§Â vrmskv bhDv zfomsbv
iv snƒ zfm zfpfh há rsq sosY. zfv ˆ rt hkGmfsbv jfsIvslv iadk vrmskv
bhDv vrmskv ˆjde iaHfh. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ ل‬Y ‫( א‬٣٣) {:‫ون‬1 Y3 “4 b:4 V: H4 \1 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /:MW: 81 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 :9 5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /:MW: 1 !3 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfïfr ˆv™i bb sp, kcdm kfslv msLA Kfjf zh²¿fq dkdb kfslvsj wfd²À
slshb ˆhQ dkdb ˆv™i bb sp, kfslv [mf iafKGbf jvf zh²¿fq dkdb kfslvsj wfd²À
slshb. (‚bXIft } 33)
nf'l hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt hbD mczfdhqfv mndusl iashw j'sv lc'
vfjzfk bfmfp iVstb. zfmvfW k]fv nfsK bfmfp iVtfm. dkdb k]fv iadkiftsjv
dbje nclDOG lczf jvstb. zk}iv Ocsv hsn htstb,
X: 3 Œ5 4 5‚5 3 S:B ! /3 b3 8B K 5h3X4 V1 5? ‫ن‬4 5 /M: 19!ْ 5‚: "ً :&O 3 ‫א‬:‫ و‬S3: S:8: ‫و‬: @74 b:S4‰3 3 Œ5 4 5‚5 ‰Q5 ‰: /M: 19!ْ 5‚: »
.« X: S3 : S:': 5 H4 X1 S:4 /: H4 X1 : ْ‚/: : : ~
4 V: 5? ‫ن‬4 5 1*b1!ْ 5‚: ‫و‬: X: 3 Œ5 4 5‚5 @‫ق‬: “: !ْ /3 b38B K 5h3X4 V1 5? ‫ن‬4 5 1*b1!ْ 5‚: ‫و‬:
ªzfdm zfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje dkbde dudbn iafKGbf jvtfm. dj§Â dkdb zfmfsj
lc'de dudbn lfb jvstb ˆhQ ˆjde dudbn dlstb bf. zfdm iafKGbf jvtfm, dkdb spb
zfmfv …©mksj lcdHG[-jhdtk j'sv L¶Qn bf jsvb, dkdb zfmfsj kf dlstb. zfdm
yfƒtfm, dkdb spb zfmfv …©mksj hbAf-jhdtk j'sv Fcdhsq L¶Qn bf jsvb, dkdb
zfmfsj kf dlstb. zfdm yfƒtfm, dkdb spb zfmfv …©mskv mfsU oxrä¦ä bf vfsJb,
dkdb zfmfsj kf dlstb bf.« (mcndtm 7442, dmwjfk 5751bQ)
mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj rfdlqf hf …isTZjb dYt vrmskv bhDv zfomb. mc'dmboB
kf nflsv oarB j'sv jxkÎkf iajfw jsv, zfv jfsIvvf zbDrf iajfw j'sv kf
iakAfJAfb jsv. dj§Â oarBjfvDslv hslZtskƒ iakAfJAfbjfvDvf hAfij zfpfshv
ifjVfW sKsj svrfƒ sisqsY.
ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ zfïfr W ivjfst dhw¶fn ²¿fib jsvsY, kfv ubA
lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk vrmk dtdihÝ rsh. zfv sp zfïfr W k]fv vnCtsj zdhw¶fn
jsvsY, kfsj snƒ wfd²À sKsj v[f jvf rsh, sp wfd²À iChhG kGD ufdknmCrsj HCdm-Ln W
ia²vÀ -hNGB zfjfsv ˆsndYt.' (kInDv k¶fhfvD 18/552)
mCnf k]fv msbfbDk nÙv ub stfj-nr pJb hstdYstb,
{5h4 !5 @A :&4 \1 B@A "3 : ; 3 ª‫ א‬R3 ‫و‬: ً S:: O: : 42&!‫ א‬3•3W\: R3 S:!5 d 4 b1Pْ ‫א‬:‫}و‬
`----zfv zfmfslv ubA ƒrjft W ivjfstv jtAfB dbLGfvB jv, zfmvf skfmfv
dbje iakAfhkGb jvdY.'
149
kJb mrfb zfïfr hstdYstb,
"5 P5 TB !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬I1—4 V1 ‫و‬: :‫ ن‬nK bBV: :7V3W> !3 X: 1b1Pْ 5‚: 5 N R4 : B PK 9
4 : 3 ‫و‬: R3b': O
4 : ‫و‬: : 5 74 8: 3*/3 1d ,
3 K R3/‫א‬:W: }
‫( " א א‬١٥٦) {:‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 S:I3 V: v3/ H1\ :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫و‬
`zfmfv wfd²À pfsj ƒ¤Yf dlsq Kfdj, zfv zfmfv lqf kf skf iaskAj h²Âsk idvhAfå.
nckvfQ zfdm kf (lqf) kfslv ubA dbLGfdvk jvh, pfvf nfhLfb rq, pfjfk slq W
zfmfv dblwGbnmCsr dhÇhfn jsv.' (zf'vfI } 156)
nhGswN bhD dYstb nhGswaô bhD, dkdb dYstb dhw¶bhD, dkdb dYstb nfvf dhsw¶v ubA
jv¢Bf. dhw¶fnDslv ubA skf hseƒ, zdhw¶fnDslv ubAW jv¢Bf. k]fsj htf rt,
`(mcwdvjvf mcndtmslv dhv¢sÝ ˆk zkAfyfv yftfs¤Y) zfidb mcwdvjslv …iv hÜczf
jv¢b.' dkdb htstb,
.«ً 19„43 /1 ¼A‫ ً و‬B !5 ¢ /K º R A»
zKGf{, zfdm zdHwfijfvDv™si siadvk rƒdb, zfdm vrmkv™si siadvk rsqdY.
(mcndtm, 2599bQ)
dkdb mrfb zfïfrv jfsY lczf j'sv hstsYb,
1d: ©ْ 5 ، :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3&!5 ‫و‬: 74 83 :5 ': B@‘5 ، R3 : ©5 R3 ً S:4 !5 1*b1S4 : !5 ‫و‬4 5 ً B: 1*b14 :: R3b8B K 74 83 ٍ L
1 : ': V25 BHX1 > !‫)א‬
.(3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: "ً 5 ,
: H4 X@ 4 5 : X: ْ : L
4 5 ، : '3 !5 : ْ !3 ً ': O
4 : R3Sb:„4 : /: ': B@A‫و‬: ، :‫ ن‬1: “4 V: ': P5
sr zfïfr! zfmfv …©mskv sp hAdÙÁsj vfofd¦hk rsq zfdm sjfb ofdt dlsqdY zKhf
zdHwfi jsvdY, kcdm djqfmsk kfv ubA vrmk hf lczfv v™i lfb jsvf. jfvB zfdm
ˆjub zflm-n§Àfb, zfdm vfofd¦hk rƒ, spmb kfvf vfofd¦hk rq. zfv kcdm skf
zfmfsj dhw¶ufrfsbv ubA vrmk öv™i siavB jsvY. (zfrmfl 23757, zft-zflfhct
mcIvfl, hcJfvD 234, zfhC lf†l 4659bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
.( ›"‫א‬:&X4 81 › ': O
4 : 'µA )
zKGf{, zfdm skf (mfbcsNv ubA) …irfvv™i vrmk. (rfsjm, hfƒrfj¶D 61, ƒhsb zfhD
wfƒhfr, dn} nrDrfr 490bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjde …ibfm `bfdhqcAv vfrmfr'. ˆv zKG vrmskv bhD hf lqfv
bhD. dkdb hstsYb,
.(3 ': +
: ْ ': !ْ ‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 3 /:4 bB!‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 3 ': O
4 B !‫ א‬2R3 :‫و‬: 1 3 +: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬RqYn5 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1&': O
4 5 ‫و‬: &< 'B +
: 81 :5 )
zKGf{, zfdm mcrf©mfl, zfrmfl, mcjf¶ IXIf, rfswv, bfdhqcAv vfrmfr, bfdhqcAk
kfWhfr W bfdhqcAt mftrfmfr. (zfrmfl 19525bQ)
vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
:5 ‫و‬: X: S4 : B7X1 /21WV: : \1 ‫و‬: X: 3 :74 n5 V: 1‫אش‬: Y5 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1$3‫ د‬S:~ : !ْ ‫ א‬: : ~
: 5 ‫א‬Q : :&65 ‫و‬4 5 ٍ L 1 : @ „:': P5 H4 JK K „:8: ‫و‬: 3„:8: »
.« x3&V: 74 83 :‫ ن‬b1> Y5 I: H4 b14 5 ‫و‬: @ SB!‫@ א‬7: H4 PK T@ ~
:+1 /3 W< ;
3-
ªzfmfv W skfmfslv …lfrvB ‰ hAdÙÁv mskf, sp zfÈb iaud¶ tk jvt. zk}iv
 150
kfsk …¤ycÌ W ikÌ iVsk zfvý jvt, zfv sn hAdÙÁ kf rsk kfslvsj hfLf dlsk
tfot. zfdmW skfmfslv sjfmv Lsv skfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv zfÈb sKsj hf]yfd¤Y, zfv
skfmvf zfmfv rfk sKsj Ycse dosq (ufrfâfsmv zfÈsb) idkk r¤Y.« (hcJfvD 6483,
mcndtm 6098bQ)
dkdb dbdJt dhsw¶v ubA jv¢Bfv …isTZjb. jv¢Bf k]fv hAdÙÁsk¶, jv¢Bf k]fv dw[f W
lD[fsk, jv¢Bf k]fv äDsb W dhLfsb.
k]fv snƒ jv¢Bf sjfb dhswN sofdôv ubA bq, sjfb ufdk-dhswsNv ubA bq, sjfb
hBG-dhswsNv ubA bq, sjht zfvh hf zfusmv ubA bq, sjht iafyA hf iakDsyAv ubA
bq ˆhQ sjfb dhswN LmGfhtìDslv ubA bq. hvQ ufdk-LmG dbdhGswsN njstv ubA.
ˆmbdj ið-i[Dv ubAW dkdb vrmk.
ªdkdb lqftc dYstb. k]fv jfsY ˆsn sj… djYc yfƒst dkdb kf kfsj lfb jvskb,
kf bf Kfjst kfsj slWqfv iadkwa¢dk dlskb.« (n} ufsm' 4815bQ)
dkdb lqftc dYstb hstƒ wÛ¢sjW [mf jsvsYb. pfslv ubA dkdb oxrrfvf W
mfkxHCdm-YfVf rsk hfLA rsqdYstb, pfvf k]fv dhv¢sÝ jk pcÝ jvt ˆhQ k]fv jk nfKD
rkAf jvt, kfslvsj zfqsÙ sisqW mÄf-dhusqv dlb [mf j'sv dlsqdYstb.
durfslv mqlfsb dosqW wÛ¢v nfsK dkdb lqf ialwGb jsvsYb. sn lqfv hdr}iajfw
OsedYt kfslv nfsK bAfqivfqBkf zhtìb jvfv mfsU, kfslvsj nkA isKv dlsj
zfrhfb jvfv mfsU, kfslvsj ufrfâfm sKsj mcÙÁ jvsk zfoar iajfswv mfsU. k]fv W
k]fv zbcofmDslv iadk iadkiftsjv dbslGw dYt,
" n !‫( " א‬١٩٠) :7V3&b:4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+ 3 V1 !5 5%‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ‫وא‬1&b:4 I: ?:‫ و‬H4 JK : K I3 n5 V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬3%‫ @ א‬3 : R3 ‫ א‬K I3 65 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, pfvf skfmfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jsv, skfmvfW zfïfrv isK kfslv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ
jv, ksh hfVfhfdV (nDmftQOb) jsvf bf, dbÇyq zfïfr hfVfhfdVjfvDslvsj iY¦l
jsvb bf. (hfj¶fvfr } 190)
…ÙÁ nDmftQOsbv wfdmt dYt, durfsl sjfb iajfv dJqfbk jvf pfsh bf. dwð, bfvD,
hxÝ, iflvD-icsvfdrk, svfoD, zá iaHdx k shnfmdvj stfjsj rkAf jvf pfsh bf.
ziasqfusb wÛ¢is[v iðrkAf jvf pfsh bf, ofYiftf hf It-Int bó jvf pfsh bf.
ifdb hf kfv …{nA L¶Qn jvf pfsh bf, Ov-hfdV L¶Qn jvf pfsh bf ƒkAfdl.
mrfb jv¢Bfmq zfïfrv i[ sKsj k]fv iadk dbslGw dYt, Jcb-Jfvfdh jvfv iCshG lqfûG
r™lsq kfslv ƒr-ivjfst mcdÙÁv ubA ƒntfsmv dlsj zfrhfb ufbfW.
ƒntfm oarB bf jvst ƒntfmD vfsóº hnhfn jvfv ubA dudpqf ialfb jvfv zfslw
lfW. spmb mcndtmslv dbje sKsj kfslv zKG W It-Int sKsj pfjfk sbWqf rq,
skmdb zmcndtmslv dbje sKsj vfsóºv …âqsbv öfsKG kf zhwAƒ hfÒbDq.
dj§Â dudpqf dlskW zöDjfv jvst zfïfrv bfm dbsq durfl ðv¢ jv.
ksh swfsbf,
:]/4 BW!‫ א א‬S13 O
4 5‚5 H4 b1+
4 /::‫א ذ‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: 5 5 b4 n3 !ْ ‫ א א‬S13 O
4 5‚5 H4 b1ْ b:65 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 N 4 : M PK 5 : :‫ ن‬: O 4 @z‫ א‬:db:P5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
.« 1*b:+
: /3 :‫ ذ‬i4 @ 1 ْ 5 1*I:: Yْ : H4 PK 1&O
: 5 B&+
3 1!ْ ‫و‬:
151
ªzhwAƒ zfïfr iaskAj h²Âv …iv zbcora dtdihÝ (uv¢vD) jsvsYb. nckvfQ pJb
(durfl hf rsÜ) rkAf jv, kJb …Ùmv™si zbcosa rv nfsK rkAf jv ˆhQ pJb pshr
jv, kJb …Ùmv™si zbcosa rv nfsK pshr jv. skfmfslv …dyk, Ycdvsj Lfvfstf jvf
ˆhQ hLA iðsj zfvfm slWqf.« (mcndtm 1955bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv lqfûG r™lsqv lqfv dhjfw öv™i dkdb wÛ¢v nfsKW dhw¶fnOfkjkf
hf dJqfbk jvskb bf. k]fv iadk mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt,
‫ ل‬Y ‫( א‬٥٨) { : S3s3 Ã
5 ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 5? :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ‫א‬: : 5 : H4 X@ 4 !5 @A W4 3 5 ً : : ;
3 ‫ ٍم‬4 65 738 B75 ž
: I: 8B @A‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pdl kcdm sjfb n©ialfsqv dhÇhfnOfkjkfv zfwQjf jv, kfrst skfmfv
ycdÙÁW kcdm pKfpKHfsh hfdkt jv. dbÇyq zfïfr dhÇhfnOfkjslvsj iY¦l jsvb bf.
(‚bXIft } 58)
wÛ¢i[ dJqfbk jvst kJb dhj¬i hAh²¿f oarB jvsk mcndtmvf hfLA. dj§Â kfslv
i[ sKsj dJqfbskv zfwËf bf Kfjst ycdÙÁ HÌ jvf ³hL bq.
lqfv bhD wÛ¢is[v L¶Qn yfbdb, hvQ k]fslv drlfqfk sysqsYb. mfbcN oVfv ubA
dkdb siadvk rsqdYstb, mfbcN L¶Qn jvfv ubA bq.
dkdb kfsqI sKsj [k-dh[k rsq dIsv ˆstb. dkdb hstb, `j¶fvbcN Nfzfdth'-ˆ
mfKf kcst …iv dlsj kfdjsq sldJ, ˆjJà smO zfmfsj Yfqf jsv zfsY. t[A jsv
sldJ kfsk duhvDt vsqsYb. dkdb zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq htstb, `zfibfv
n©ialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY ˆhQ zfibfv iadk sp lchAG hrfv jsvsY zfïfr kfv
nhdjYcƒ ðsbsYb W slsJsYb. ˆ[sB dkdb ihGk-dbq§ÃBjfvD dIdvñfsj zfibfv
dJlmsk siavB jsvsYb. zfidb Wslv hAfifsv k]fsj pf ƒ¤Yf dbslGw ialfb jv¢b.'
zk}iv ihGk-dbq§ÃBjfvD dIdvñf zfmfsj zfrhfb ufdbsq nftfm dlsq htstb, `sr
mcrf©mfl! zfibfv n©ialfq zfibfsj pf hstsY dbÇyq zfïfr kf ðsbsYb. zfv zfdm
ihGskv dIdvñf. zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv dbje siavB jsvsYb. zfidb
Wslv hAfifsv zfmfsj pf ƒ¤Yf kfƒ dbslGw dlb. pdl zfidb yfb sp, zfdm mÄfv lcƒ
ifrfVsj ˆjdÛk j'sv Wslvsj disN L¶Qn jsv dlƒ, kfrst kfƒ rsh.' dj§Â zfdm
httfm,
.« ^Q4 : 3*/3 Kg@ f4 V1 5? 1•:&O
4 ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬1&14 V: 74 8: H4 X@ /35 ,
4 5 74 83 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ @ج‬ž
4 V1 ‫ن‬4 5 L
1 4 5 4 /: »
ªbf, hvQ zfdm ˆƒ zfwf jdv sp, zfïfr ‰ ufdkv ixôslw rsk ˆmb hQwLv nxdó
jvshb; pfvf ˆjmfÛ k]fvƒ ƒhflk jvsh ˆhQ k]fv nfsK zbA jf…sj wvDj jvsh
bf.« (hcJfvD 3231, mcndtm 4754bQ)
pKfn©Hh dkdb syóf jvskb, pfsk mfbcN ufrfâfm sKsj mcdÙÁ ifq. lqfûG msbƒ
zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK dkdb htskb,
.(‫ א‬+ 1 3Yْ I1 %‫@?> א‬A :*!5 @A 5? ‫! א‬K 6K ! 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: )
zKGf{, sr stfj njt! skfmvf `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' ht, nIt rsh. (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv
805-806bQ)
zfbfn hstb, ˆjub ƒùlD djswfv bhD -ˆv dJlmk jvk. sn iDdVk rst
 152
mrfbhD kfsj slJf jvsk ˆstb ˆhQ kfv dwKfsb hsn htstb, ªƒntfm oarB jv
(kcdm mcndtm rsq pfW).« k]fv ˆƒ jKf wcsb sn kfv dikfv dlsj (kfv mk ufbsk)
lxdóifk jvt. kfv dikf kfv dbjseƒ hsn dYt. sn htt, `zfhct jfsnm -ˆv jKf
kcdm smsb bfW. Ist djswfvde mcntmfb rsq sot. zk}iv bhD ˆƒ htsk htsk
shv rsq sostb, ªsnƒ zfïfrv njt iawQnf, dpdb Wsj ufrfâfm sKsj h]fdysq
dbstb.« kfviv djswfvde mfvf sost dkdb njstv …sÜswA htstb, ªskfmvf
skfmfslv ˆj nfKDv …iv (ufbfpfv) bfmfp iV.« (hcJfvD 1356bQ)
dhswN j'sv mc'dmbslv ubA dkdb dYstb dhswN vrmk. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
› ': O
4 : ‫و‬: : S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3 1783 —4 V1 ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 H4 JK !> ٍ 4 ;
: 1‫ن‬1‫ذ‬K 4 6K ‫ <ن‬1‫ذ‬K : \1 :‫! ن‬K nK V3 ‫و‬: BR3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ون‬1‫—ذ‬4 V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬1HX1 S4 83 ‫و‬: }
/ b!‫( " א‬٦١) {H< !35 $ < ‫א‬:W: H4 X1 !5 3*’!‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 : :‫ون‬1‫—ذ‬4 V1 :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK S38 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W> !q
ªkfslv msLA ˆmb jdkiq stfj zfsY, pfvf bhDsj jó slq ˆhQ hst, `sn iaskAj
jKfq jBGifk j'sv Kfsj.' kcdm hst lfW, `sn jBGifk skf skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv.
sn zfïfrv iadk „mfb zfbqb jsv ˆhQ mc'dmbslv (jKfsj) dhÇhfn jsv. zfv sn
skfmfslv msLA „mfblfv stfjslv ubA jv¢Bföv™i. pfvf zfïfrv vnCtsj jó slq,
kfslv ubA p§ÃBflfqj wfd²À vsqsY.« (kfWhfr } 61)
{H< O 3 B < ‫و‬1–: : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ /3 HKJ4 5 : ˜< V@ O : H4 b2S3 : 8: 3*4 5 : T< V@T: H4 JK 3 YK 5 74 8M ‫ <ل‬1 : H4 PK L : &4 n5 !5 }
ªzhwAƒ skfmfslv dbje zfomb jsvsY skfmfslvƒ mLAjfv ˆmb ˆjub vnCt,
pfv jfsY skfmfslv [dkjv dhNq zdk jólfqj msb rq, sp skfmfslv Jchƒ
drkfjf£[D, mc'dmbslv iadk hVƒ sn´rwDt, jv¢BfivfqB.« (kfWhfr } 128)
]bY!‫( " א‬٢٩) {H4 X1 S:4 /: ': O : 1 @ Y> JK !ْ ‫ א‬5 : ‫א‬B&3 5 1*: 8: :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 B &< 'B + : 82 }
ªmcrf©mfl zfïfrv vnCt; zfv kfv nryvoB zdhw¶fnDslv iadk jsEfv ˆhQ
dbsuslv msLA iv±isvv iadk nrfbcHCdkwDt.« (IfkXr } 29)
lqfv bhD mcndtmslv iadk ðHfjf£[D dYstb, nhGlf kfslv mÌt jfmbf jvskb,
kfslv jsó dkdb jó siskb, kfslv zfbs¦l zfbd¦lk rskb, kfslv hAfifsv kfslv
dikfmfkf zsi[f zdLj lqfûG dYstb. ˆƒ ubA kfvfW k]fsj dbsuslv dikfmfkf,
n§Àfb-n§Àdk ˆhQ dbsuslv iafB zsi[f zdLj Hfstfhfnskb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٦) {H4 X1 I1 X: 8B K 1*L 1 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 YK 4 5 74 83 : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ /3 !5 ‫و‬4 5 2R3 SB!‫}א‬
ªbhD, mc'dmbslv dbje kfslv iafB zsi[fW zdLj diaq ˆhQ kfv ²ÃDoB kfslv mf-
öv™i.« (‚rXpfh } 6)
k]fv jv¢Bfv hdr}iajfsw dkdb dYstb dhbma r™lq, zdkwq dhbqD. dkdb mcndtmslv
ubA nlf-nhGlf jtAfB jfmbf jvskb, kfslv ubA lczf jvskb ˆhQ [mf iafKGbf
jvskb. zfïfrv vrmsk dkdb vrmskv sn njt jfu jvsk nIt rsqdYstb, pfsk
mfbcN zfïfrv isK zfjxó rq. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
4 Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 S4 : 1}4 5 5h!34 O
: 74 83 ‫ א‬2 Y5 4 ? 3dْ n5 !ْ ‫· א‬5 3©5 ً ƒ’ 5 :9S4 PK 4 !5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5 :9S4 !3 3%‫ א‬74 83 N ': O 4 : ': 3 5
(١٥٩) : 3Pq : b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 5%‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3%‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : b:5 :984 T: : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 @ 84 5 ‫ א‬R3 H4 \1 4 ‫ @و‬: ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5
153
zKGf{, zfïfrv lqfq kcdm kfslv iadk rsqdYst sjfmt-r™lq; pdl kcdm v™P W
jsEfv-dyÙ rsk, kfrst kfvf skfmfv zfwifw rsk nsv iVk. nckvfQ kcdm kfslvsj
[mf jv ˆhQ kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv. zfv jfsu-jsmG kfslv nfsK ivfmwG jv.
zk}iv kcdm sjfb nQj¬i oarB jvst zfïfrv iadk dbHGv jv. dbÇyq zfïfr
(k]fv …iv) dbHGvwDtslv Hfthfsnb. (‚st ƒmvfb } 159)
lqft bhD lczf j'sv htskb,
H4 X@ /3 :Z5 : 5 ^Q4 : b3 8B K @ 84 5 74 83 : !3‫و‬: 74 8: ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : Z4 nK 4 5 H4 X@ 4 5 : BZf: 5 ^Q4 : b3 8B K @ 84 5 74 83 : !3‫و‬: 74 8: BHX1 > !‫» א‬
.« 3*/3 Z4 K 4 5
ªsr zfïfr! sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶ dbsq kfslvsj jsó
sItsh, kcdm kfsj jsó sIstf. zfv sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶
dbsq kfslv nfsK bmakf jvsh, kcdm kfv nfsK bmakf jsvf.« (mcndtm 4826bQ)
dkdb …©mkDv iadk lqfûG rsq htskb,
.«3*b3‰:: : !3 : X1 5 ?ً 8: 5g: I: 74 8: ‫و‬: 1•–1 : 65 B 5: 5 7< V4:‫ د‬3*45 : ‫و‬: : q 1 I1 74 ': 5 H4 X@ 3 YK 45 74 83 : S383 —4 '1 !ْ /3 !5‫و‬4 5 :5»
ªmcdmbslv ubA kfslv dbsuslv yfƒsk zfdmƒ zdLj rjlfv (lfdqk¶wDt.) nckvfQ
sp hAdÙÁ ‡Boa²À zh²¿fq mfvf pfsh, kfv ‡B idvswfsLv lfdqk¶ zfmfv …iv ˆhQ sp
n©il svsJ mfvf pfsh, kfv zdLjfvD rsh kfv WqfsvnDbvf.« (mcndtm 1619bQ)
ˆjlf lqfv bhD mfbcNsj …islw dlsk JfVf rsq htstb, ªsr stfj njt!
skfmfslvsj zfïfrv dbje …tÌ if, …tÌ slr W JkbfdhrDb zh²¿fq ˆjdÛk jvf
rsh. (zfïfr hstb,)
‫( " א‬١٠٤) { : 33 5 SBPK B@A S:4 5 : ‫א‬Q&4 ‫و‬: 1•1& 3 2 Zٍ ْ ; : :‫ول‬B 5 :ْ :&/: ': P5 }
`spmb zfdm iaKm nxdó jsvdY zfdm icbhGfv kfsj snƒ zh²¿fq dIvfshf. ˆef zfmfv
iadkÎf, pf zfdm icvf jvh.' (nCvf zfdìqf 104 zfqfk)
susb vfsJf! djqfmskv dlb nxdóv msLA nhGiaKm ƒhafrDm -sj h²Ã idvLfb jvfsbf
rsh. zfsvf ðsb vfsJf! sn dlb zfmfv …©mskv djYc stfjsj dbsq zfnf rsh zk}iv
kfslvsj hfm dlsj dbsq pfWqf rsh. kfviv zfdm hth, `sr iaHc! ˆvf skf zfmfv
nÌD.' dj§Â zfmfsj htf rsh, `ˆvf zfibfv (mxkcAv) iv (äDsb) jD jD bkcb bkcb
vDdk zfdh®jfv jsvdYt, kf zfidb ufsbb bf.' (ˆ jKf ðsb) zfdm hth--spmb sbj
hf¦lf („nf ) hstdYstb,
N R4 : M PK 5 : :9 5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ 4 5 : :d 63 B !‫ א‬:9 5 :9SKP R3Sb:4 > : I: 'B 5 5 H4 X@ 3 1984 1‫ د‬8B ‫א‬Q& X@ : H4 X@ 4 5 : 19SKP‫و‬: }
(١١٨) {1H J3 +
: !ْ ‫ א‬T1 V@T: !ْ ‫ א‬:9 5 5hB@‘5 H4 X1 !5 4 Y3 “4 I: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5g1‫ د‬:3 H4 X1 B@‘5 H4 X1 /4 MW: I1 ‫@ن‬A (١١٧) &< X@ :
ªpkdlb zfdm kfslv msLA dYtfm, kkdlb zfdm dYtfm kfslv dÛÁqfjtfsiv nf[D.
dj§Â pJb kcdm zfmfsj kcst dbst, kJb kcdmƒ skf dYst kfslv dÛÁqfjtfsiv
ipGsh[j. zfv kcdm nhGh²Âv …iv nf[D. kcdm pdl kfslvsj wfd²À lfW, ksh kfvf
skfmfvƒ hf¦lf. zfv pdl kfslvsj [mf jv, ksh kcdm skf ivfÛÁmwftD iaÎfmq.' (nCvf
mfsqlf 117-118 zfqfk)
 154
zk}iv zfmfsj htf rsh sp, `db}ns¦lsr zfibfv sYsV zfnfv iv ˆvf (ƒntfm
sKsj) diYsb dIsv dosqdYt.' (hcJfvD 3349, mcndtm 7380bQ)
…©mskv iadk jv¢BfdnÙÁ rsq lqfv bhD ˆjlf icsvf vfdÛ ˆƒ zfqfk iVsk
Kfjstb,
"&s ‫( " א‬١١٨) {1H J3 + : !ْ ‫ א‬T1 V@T: !ْ ‫ א‬:9 5 5hB@‘5 H4 X1 !5 4 Y3 “4 I: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5g1‫ د‬:3 H4 X1 B@‘5 H4 X1 /4 MW: I1 ‫@ن‬A}
zKGf{, kcdm pdl kfslvsj wfd²À lfW, ksh kfvf skfmfvƒ hf¦lf. zfv pdl kfslvsj
[mf jv, ksh kcdm skf ivfÛÁmwftD iaÎfmq. (nCvf mfsqlf 117 zfqfk)
zfmfslv lqfv bhD ˆmb jfâf …©mskv ubA sj]slsYb. ˆjlf dkdb ƒhafrDm
-ˆv hAfifsv zfïfrv ˆ hfBD ifE jvstb,
{H< O
3 B < YK ©5 5hB@‘5 R3 # : : 74 8: ‫و‬: RMS83 1*B@‘5 R3S: 3 I: 7:'5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:78M ‫א‬Q•„3 P5 :7ْ 5 k 4 5 B7X1 B@A M$: }
ªsr zfmfv iadkiftj! ˆ nh iadkmf hù mfbcNsj dhëf§À jsvsY; nckvfQ sp zfmfv
zbcnvB jvsh sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ, dj§Â sj… zfmfv zhfLA rst kcdm skf yvm [mfwDt
ivm lqftc.« (ƒhafrDm } 36)
ˆhQ „nf -ˆv …dÙÁ (ˆ zfqfkde ifE jvstb),
"&s ‫( " א‬١١٨) {1H J3 + : !ْ ‫ א‬T1 V@T: !ْ ‫ א‬:9 5 5hB@‘5 H4 X1 !5 4 Y3 “4 I: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5g1‫ د‬:3 H4 X1 B@‘5 H4 X1 /4 MW: I1 ‫@ن‬A}
ªpdl kcdm kfslvsj wfd²À ialfb jv, ksh kfvf skfmfv hf¦lf. zfv pdl kcdm
kfslvsj [mf jv, ksh kcdm zhwAƒ iaht ivfÛÁf§À, iaÎfmq.« (mfsqlfr } 118)
zk}iv dkdb kf]v rfk lc'Jfdb …dEsq htstb,
.« b3 8B K b38B K BHX1 > !‫» א‬
ªsr zfïfr! zfmfv …©mk, zfmfv …©mk.« zk}iv dkdb jf]lsk tfostb.
zfïfr zfpXpf zufï htstb, `sr duhaDt! kcdm mcrf©mfslv dbje pfW---zfv skfmfv
vh shwD ufsbb---kfviv kfsj jfâfv jfvB duÎfnf jv?' nckvfQ duhaDt k]fv dbje
ˆstb. vfnCtïc fr kf]sj sn jKf ufbfstb, pf dkdb (kf]v …©mk n©isjG)
hstdYstb---zfv zfïfr kf zdLj ufsbb. zk}iv zfïfr kfzftf htstb, `sr
duhaDt! kcdm (icbvfq) mcrf©mfslv jfsY pfW ˆhQ ht, zfdm skfmfv …©mskv hAfifsv
skfmfsj n§Âó j'sv slh ˆhQ zn§Âó jvh bf.' (mcndtm 520bQ)
ˆjdlb nCspG oarB tfost mrfbhD bfmfp iVsk JfVf rstb. kfsk dkdb nclDOG
dj¶vfzfk j'sv iaskAj vfjzfsk tìf tìf lc'de j'sv v¢jC jvstb. ˆƒ bfmfsp
dkdb …©mskv …iv zfpfshv Hsq j]flsk tfostb zfv htsk tfostb,
.« :‫ون‬1 Y3 “4 b:4 V: H4 \1 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /:MW: I1 5? ‫ن‬4 5 3 &4 3 I: H4 !5 5 H4 X@ 3 :5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /:MW: I1 5? ‫ن‬4 5 3 &4 3 I: H4 !5 5 M$: »
ªsr zfmfv iadkiftj! kcdm dj zfmfsj Wqflf lfWdb sp, zfdm Wslv mfsU Kfjf
zh²¿fq kcdm Wslvsj zfpfh slsh bf? kcdm dj zfmfsj Wqflf lfWdb sp, Wslv
[mfiafKGbf jvsk Kfjf zh²¿fq kcdm Wslvsj zfpfh slsh bf? ˆƒ skf zfmvf skfmfv
dbje [mfiafKGbf jvdY.« (nrDr zfhC lf†l 1079bQ)
lqfv bhD zisvv iadk lqfwDt dYstb, dkdb zivsjW lqfwDtkfv iadk zbcifa dBk
155
jvskb. mfbcNsj lqfhfb rsk …äcÝ jvskb. dkdb htskb,
ªsp lqf jsv bf, kfv iadk lqf jvf rq bf.« (hcJfvD 6013, mcndtm 6170bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ mfbcsNv iadk lqf jvsh bf, zfïfrW kfv iadk lqf jvshb bf.« (hcJfvD
7376, mcndtm 6172bQ)
ªlqflaG mfbcNslvsj ivm lqfmq (zfïfr) lqf jsvb. skfmvf ixdKhDhfnDv iadk lqf
ialwGb jv, kfrst dkdb skfmfslv iadk lqf jvshb, dpdb zfjfsw zfsYb.« (dkvdmpD,
nrDr zfhc lf†l 4132 bQ)
ªlcHGfof YfVf zbA jfsvf (r™lq) sKsj lqf, dYdbsq sbWqf rq bf.« (zfrmfl, 2/301,
zfhC lf…l 4942, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 7467bQ)
zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJfv mfsU vsqsY mfbcsNv lqfûGkfv dhjfw. lqfv bhD
zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJsk …{nfdrk jvskb. dkdb htskb,
ªzfïfrv dbje nhsysq shwD iY¦lbDq zfmt rt, zfïfrv iadk „mfb. zk}iv
zfk¹Dqkfv háb hufq vfJf. zk}iv n{ jfsu zfslw W m¦l jfsu hfLf lfb jvf.
zfv zfïfrv dbje nhsysq shwD OxdBk zfmt rt, k]fv nfsK dwjG jvf. zk}iv
zfk¹Dqkfv háb dYâ jvf.« (nrDùt ufsm 166bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp, kfv v¢pD iaw²À srfj ˆhQ zfqc°jft hxdÝ srfj, sn spb
zfk¹Dqkfv n©ijG hufq vfsJ.« (hcJfvD 5986, mcndtm 6688bQ)
lqfv bhD nIsv nÌDslv nfsK ytfjfst kfslv diYsb ytskb. kfsk dkdb
diYsb iVf lcht G nIv-nÌDsj nfrfpA jsv jfsItfv nsÌ vfJskb, jf…sj dkdb
dbsuv nWqfvDv diYsb hdnsq dbskb ˆhQ kfslv ubA lczf jvskb. (n} ufsm' 4901bQ)
lqfv bhD dwðslv iadk nhsysq shdw lqfhfb dYstb. (‰ 4797, 4814bQ)
vfnCtïc fr hstsYb, ªzfdm bfmfp iVsk lf]Vfƒ ˆhQ zfmfv ƒ¤Yf rq kf lDOG jdv.
zk}iv zfdm dwðv jfâfv zfWqfu ðdb. Ist zfdm kfv mfsqv jó rWqfef ziY¦l
msb j'sv bfmfp nQd[å jdv.« (hcJfvD 707bQ)
dkdb hstb, ªsn hAdÙÁ zfmfv …©mk bq, sp zfmfslv hVsj waÝf jsv bf, sYfesj
sn´r jsv bf ˆhQ zfstm (ÎfbDv) mpGflf v[f jsv bf.« (nrDr kfvoDh 93 bQ)
dwðslv msLA dkdb jbAfv iadk lfd[BA ialwGsbv Èv¢k¶ shdw hBGbf jsvsYb.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, zfmfv dbje ˆjde mdrtf kfv lcde jbAfsj
nsÌ jsv dH[f jvsk (oxsr) iashw jvt. dj§Â sn zfmfv dbje sJucv YfVf zfv djYc
sit bf. zfdm sJucvde kfsj dlst sn sndesj lcƒ Jsà Hfo jsv kfv lc'de smsqsj
sJsk dlt. zfv dbsu kf rsk djYcW sJt bf! zk}iv sn …sE shv rsq sot. kfviv
bhD zfmfslv dbje ˆst zfdm ‰ jKf k]fsj ufbftfm. Oebf wcsb dkdb htstb, ªsp
hAdÙÁ ˆƒ ˆjfdLj jbAf dbsq nËefiâ rsh, zk}iv sn kfslv iadk pKfKG näAhrfv
jvsh, snƒ hAdÙÁv ubA ‰ jbAfvf ufrfâfm sKsj z§Àvft (ilGf) öv™i rsh.« (hcJfvD
1418, mcndtm 2629bQ)
lqfv bhD hstsYb,
.(( @74 I: X: P5 : \1 ‫و‬: : 3 8: : n3 !‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: : L
: “: K 4I: bBO
: 74 b:V: @ L
: :‫ ل‬: 74 8: ))
 156
ªsp hAdÙÁ lc'de jbAfv tftb-iftb kfslv nfhfdtjf rWqf zhdL jvsh, djqfmskv
dlb zfdm ˆhQ sn ˆ lc'de zfÌcstv mk ifwfifdw zfnh.« zk}iv dkdb kf]v
zfÌctÈdt dmdtk j'sv (slJfstb). (mcndtm)
iajdx kokHfsh bfvD hV lcht G . kfƒ kfv iadkW lqfv bhDv lqfmq hfBD rt,
.(( "3 4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H b3: !‫ א‬: @ Y5 3 B !‫ א‬BZO
: 1‫ج‬M O
: K RMA BHX1 > !‫)) א‬
ªsr zfïfr! zfdm stfjslvsj lcƒ swaBDv lcht G mfbcsNv zdLjfv nìsá ififyfdvkfv
HDdkialwGb jvdY; ˆkDm W bfvD.« (bfnfqD,ƒhsb mfufr 3678bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmvf bfvDslv ubA drkfjf£[D rW. jfvB, bfvD ufdk hdËm
iÓvfd²¿ rsk nxó. (nckvfQ kfslv iajdx kƒ hdËm W sevf.) zkˆh kcdm snfuf jvsk
sost rqskf kf sHs̃ sItsh (kftfj slsh). zfv dbsuv zh²¿fq …si[f jvst kf
h]fjf sKsjƒ pfsh. zkˆh kfslv ubA mÌtjfmD rW.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 3238bQ)
ªswfb! skfmvf ²ÃDslv hAfifsv mÌtjfmD rW. kfvf skf skfmfslv dbje hd¦lbD mfÛ.
ˆ YfVf skfmvf kfslv zbA djYcv mfdtj bW.« (dkvdmpD 1163bQ)
lqfv bhD zbfK-ˆkDmslv ubA hV lqftc dYstb. dkdb hstsYb, ªkcdm dj yfW,
skfmfv r™lq bvm srfj ˆhQ skfmfv iasqfub iCvB srfj? ˆkDsmv iadk lqf ialwGb
jv, kfv mfKfq (nsn´sr) rfk hctfW, kfsj skfmfv dbsuv Jfhfv JfWqfW, kfrst
skfmfv r™lq bvm rsh ˆhQ skfmfv iasqfub iCvB rsh.« (k¶fhfvfbD, nrDùt ufsm' 80bQ)
lqfv bhD zfsvf hstb ªzfdm ˆhQ dbsuv zKhf zisvv zbfK (ˆkDsmv)
kÙ¶fhLfqj ufâfsk (ifwfifdw) Kfjh. zfv dhLhf W lc}²¿ mfbcNsj slJfðbfjfvD hAdÙÁ
zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfljfvDv nmkctA.« (k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶, nrDùt ufsm' 1476bQ)
dhLhf bfvD W dmnjDbslvW slJfswfbf jvskb. kfslv mv¢HCdmnm z§ÀvfjfswW k]fv
lqfûG r™lq lqfhfdv hNGB jvk.
lqftc bhD hstb, ªdhLhf W lc}²¿ mfbcNsj slJfðbfjfvD hAdÙÁ zfïfrv vf²Àfq
durfljfvDv nmkctA.« ˆj hBGbfjfvD hstb, zfv zfmfv msb rs¤Y sp, dkdb ˆ jKfW
htstb, ªdhvfmrDb bfmfpD W dhvdkrDb svfpflfsvvW nmkctA.« (hcJfvD 6007bQ mcndtm
2982bQ)
zfècïfr dhb zfhD zfWIf hstb, `zfïfrv vnCt shdw shdw dpjXv jvskb,
znfv dÛÁqfjtfi jvskb bf, bfmfp tìf jvskb, Jckhf nQs[i jvskb ˆhQ dhLhf
W dmnjDbslv nfsK dosq kfslv iasqfub iCBG jvsk …âfdnjkf ialwGb jvskb bf.'
(bfnf„ 1415bQ)
dhLhf pchkD rst kfv nhsysq hV n©il rt kfv spZhb. sn ubA kfv zdkdvÙÁ
dbvfiÙfv lvjfv Kfsj. mrfbhD kfv njt dbvfiÙf W zHfh iCvsBv hAh²¿f
jvskb. ˆƒ ubA k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth jdhkfq k]fv iawQnfq hstdYstb,
@ 83 ‫א‬: 5‚ْ !3 › ': #
4 3 8: b:: !ْ ‫ א‬1‫' ل‬: ‰3 ** 3*X@ L
4 : /3 1‫' م‬: “: !ْ ‫ א‬n5 4 b:4 V1 :m: /4 5 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, dkdb soZvhBG, k]fv syrfvf äfvf hxdó iafKGbf jvf rsq Kfsj. dkdb zbfKslv
zfwaq²¿t ˆhQ dhLhfslv v[Bfsh[BjfvD. (zfrmfl 5673, hcJfvD 1008-1009, ƒhsb mfufr 1272bQ)
dhLhfv jsó lqfûG rsqƒ k]fv wvDqk dhLhf-dhhfrsj ³hL jsvsY.
157
dkdb dmnjDbsj djYc bf djYc lfb jvsk …{nfdrk jsvsYb.
…s©m hcufƒl (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj httfm, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zsbj nmq dmnjDb zfmfv lvufq l]fVfq, dj§Â zfdm kfsj slWqfv
mskf sjfb dudbn ifƒ bf.' mrfbhD htstb, ªpdl ˆjde sifVf Jcv YfVf slWqfv
mk zfv djYc bf ifW, kfrst kfv rfsk kfƒ dlsqƒ dhlfq lfW.« (zfhC lf†l 1667bQ, dkvdmpD)
hfƒsv sKsj hù nfrfhD k]fv dbje ƒtXm dwJsk zfnskb. Ov sYsV hfƒsv Kfjsk
dbÇyq k]fslv jó rskf. kf zbcHh j'svW dkdb k]fslv iadk nrfbcHCdk W lqfûGkf
iajfw jvskb.
mfstj dhb ùWqfƒdvn rsk hdBGk, dkdb hstb, zfmvf iafq nmhqõ jdkiq bh
pchj vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dbje ˆsn dhw dlb zh²¿fb jvtfm. vfnCtcïfr zkA§À lqftc
W sn´rivhw dYstb. kfƒ dkdb LfvBf jvstb sp, zfmvf zfmfslv idvhfsvv jfsY
dIsv pfhfv ubA …lXoDa h rsq …sEdY. snsrkc dkdb zfmfslvsj iaw´ jvstb sp, zfmvf
zfmfslv idvhfsv jfsj sYsV ˆsndY? nckvfQ zfmvf k]fsj ufbftfm. zfv dkdb dYstb
dhbma lqfwDt. dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv idvhfsvv jfsY dIsv pfW ˆhQ
kfslv mfsUƒ hnhfn jv. kfslvsj dw[f lfb jv ˆhQ kfslvsj (Hft jfsuv)
zfslw lfW. zmcj bfmfp zmcj nmsq iV. zmcj bfmfp zmcj nmsq iV. nckvfQ
pJb bfmfspv nmq rsh, kJb skfmfslv msLA sj… ˆjub zfpfb slsh ˆhQ skfmfslv
msLA sp hV sn ƒmfmdk jvsh.« (hcJfvD 608,7246, mcndtm 1567bQ)
dkdb äDb dw[fKGDslv hAfifsv dhswNHfsh njtsj zdnqk jsvsYb. zfhC nf„l
JclvD hstb, vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
1*> !‫ > א‬,
: 3*> !‫ ل@ א‬1 : 3 B ,
3 : /3 QO
: 4 8: QO
: 4 8: H4 X1 !5 ‫! א‬K nK 5 H4 \1 '1 b1V4 5 : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 H: ْ 3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬1K Œْ V: ‫א <م‬: 6ْ 5 H4 JK I3 ْ‚: : )
.(H4 \1 S16ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 :
zKGf{, zlCsv hù stfj skfmfslv dbje ƒtXm zbcnáfb jvsk zfnsh. nckvfQ pJb
skfmvf kfslvsj slJsh, kJb hstf, `mfvrfhf mfvrfhf! vfnCtcïfr -ˆv zdnqk.'
zfv kfslvsj dw[f lfW. (ƒhsb mfufr 247, n} ufsm' 3651bQ)
lqfv bhD h¦lDslv iadkW lqfûG dYstb. dkdb h¦lD mcÙÁ jvsk …äcÝ j'sv
hstsYb,
.(:R3 : !ْ ‫ א א‬Jr K ‫و‬: :mV@ ': !ْ ‫وא א‬1‫ د‬1 ‫و‬: :Šs3 ~
: !ْ ‫' א א‬1 3 ¦ْ 5 )
ªskfmvf [cLfkGsj zâ lfW, svfoD slJsk pfW ˆhQ h¦lDsj mcÙÁ jv.« (hcJfvD 5373bQ)
lqftc bhD svfoDv hAfifsv hV lqfûGkfv nfsK pk´ dbsqsYb.
ªsjfb mcndtm pJb kfv zbA sjfb mcndtm Hfƒsqv svfo duÎfnf jvsk pfq, sn bf
dIvf ipG§À ufâfskv `JcvIfv' msLA nhGlf zh²¿fb jsv.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! JcvIfr jD?' dkdb htstb, ªufâfskv It-ifVf.« (mcndtm 6719bQ)
ªsp sjfb mcndtm zbA sjfb (znc²¿) mcndtmsj njft shtfq jcwt duÎfnf jvsk
pfsh, kfv ubA náAf ipG§À nÙv rfufv dIdvñf jtAfB jfmbf jvshb. zfv pdl sn
náAf shtfq kfsj jcwt duÎfnf jvsk pfq, kfrst njft ipG§À nÙv rfufv dIdvñf
 158
kfv mÌt jfmbf jsv. zfv kfv ubA ufâfskv msLA ifVf It dbLGfdvk rq.« (dkvdmpD
969bQ)
ªˆj mcntmfsbv zdLjfv ziv mcntmfsbv …iv i]fyde } nftfsmv uhfh slWqf,
svfoDsj slJsk pfWqf, ufbfpfv nsÌ pfWqf, lfWqfk jhct jvf ˆhQ rf]yst kfv uhfh
slWqf.« (hcJfvD 1240, mcndtm 5777bQ)
lqfv bhD ðLc mfbcsNv iadk lqfûG-dyÙ dYstb bf, hvQ ið-i[Dv iadkW k]fv
lqfv ldvqf …iyDqmfb dYt. lqfhfb bhD ið-i[Dv jóskW jó siskb.
ˆjlf vrmskv bhD ˆjde …esj slJstb, ([cLfq) kfv disEv nfsK sie stso
sosY. kf slsJ dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf ˆƒ zhtf u§Âslv hAfifsv zfïfrsj Hq jv.
nckvfQ …ÙmHfsh (nc²¿ Kfjf zh²¿fq) kfsk nWqfv rW ˆhQ …ÙmHfsh (nc²¿ Kfjf
zh²¿fq) kf JfW (hf kfv diE sKsj sbsm pfW).« (zfhC lf†l, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmfr, nrDr kfvoDh 2273bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ kfv …esj dEjmk sJsk dlk bf, …iv§Â jó dlk. kfv ifw dlsq
vrmskv bhD -sj ifv rsk slsJ …ede zfWqfu dlt ˆhQ kfv syfJ dlsq ifdb
iVsk tfot. dkdb …sev mfdtjsj sFsj htstb, ªkcdm ˆƒ u§Âv hAfifsv zfïfrsj
Hq jv bf sjb, zfïfr skfmfsj pfv mfdtj hfdbsqsYb? W skf zfmfv jfsY zdHspfo
jvsY sp, kcdm Wsj [cLfq vfJ ˆhQ (shdw jfu dbsq) j½f§À j'sv sIstf!« (zfrmfl, zfhC
lf†l, rfsjm, dntdntfr nrDrfr 20bQ)
zshftf W zhtf ifJDv iadkW lqf ialwGb dYt lqfv bhDv lqfwDt zfyvB.
ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, ˆj nIsv zfmvf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nsÌ dYtfm. dkdb
sinfh-ifqJfbf jvsk yst sostb. zk}iv zfmvf ˆjde tft vsMv (ù©mfvfr) ifJD
slJtfm. ifJDdev nfsK kfv lcsef hf¤yf dYt. zfmvf kfv hf¤yfÈstfsj Lsv dbtfm.
ifJDde ˆsn (zfmfslv) zfsw-ifsw Ocvsk tfot. ˆmkfh²¿fq bhD dIsv ˆstb ˆhQ
htstb, ªˆƒ ifJDdesj Wv hf¤yfslv ubA sj jsó sIstsY? Wsj Wv hf¤yf dIdvsq
lfW.« (zfhC lf†l 2675bQ)
dkdb iðv iadk lqfdn´Ê zfyvB jvsk …äcÝ j'sv hstsYb, ªˆj hAdÙÁ ˆj jcqfv
dbjehkGD rsq kfsk zhkvB jsv ifdb ifb jvt. zk}iv …sE slJt, jcqfv ifsw
ˆjde jcjvc (diifnfq) dur¶f shv jsv r]fifs¤Y. kfv iadk stfjdev lqf rt. sn kfv
ifsqv ˆjde (ymGdbdmGk) smfuf Jcst (jcqfsk sbsm kfsk ifdb Hsv ˆsb) jcjcvdesj
ifb jvft. Ist zfïfr kfv ˆƒ jfsuv iadklfb öv™i kfsj ufâfsk iashw
jvfstb.«
stfsjvf htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! uDh-u§Âv iadk lqfialwGsbW dj zfmfslv nWqfh
zfsY? dkdb htstb,
.(< L
4 5 N :¦ْ : N&3 P5 3U‫א‬:‫ ذ‬M PK R3 H4 : :)
ªiaskAj nuDh iafBdhdwó uDshv (iadk lqfialwGsb) nWqfh dhlAmfb.« (hcJfvD 2466,
mcndtm 2244 bQ)
zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªsjfb ˆj nmq ˆjde jcjcv ˆjde jCsiv yfdvifsw sOfvf-
dIvf jvdYt. diifnf kfsj mxkiafq j'sv kcstdYt. (ˆƒ zh²¿fq) rEf{ hbD
159
„naf„stv shwAfslv msLA ˆj shwAf kfsj slJsk sit. zk}iv sn kfv yfmVfv smfuf
Jcst kf (WVbfq sh]sL jCi sKsj) ifdb …dEsq kfsj ifb jvft. nckvfQ ˆƒ zfmstv
jfvsB kfsj [mf jvf rt.« (hcJfvD 3321bQ)
lqfv bhD ifdbv ifÛsj dhVfstv ubA jfk j'sv dlskb. dhVft ifdb ifb jvk.
zk}iv dkdb snƒ ifdbskƒ …pC jvskb. (k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 7949, hfƒrfj¶D 1207, n}
ufsm' 4958bQ)
iðsj jó dlst wfd²À sisk rsh. lqfnc¦lv r™lsqv bhD hstsYb, ªˆj mdrtfsj
ˆjde dhVfstv ubA wfd²À slWqf rsqsY. sn kfsj sh]sL svsJdYt ˆhQ zhswsN sn mfvf
dosqdYt, idvBdksk mdrtf kfvƒ jfvsB ufrfâfsm iashw jvt. sn pJb kfsj sh]sL
svsJdYt, kJb kfsj zfrfv W ifdb dlk bf ˆhQ kfsj sYsVW dlk bf sp, sn jDe-
ikÌ Lsv Jfsh.« (hcJfvD 2365, mcndtm 5989bQ)
zfècïfr dhb …mfv ˆjhfv jcvfƒw hQswv jdkiq bhpchsjv dbje dlsq
zdkÛÁm jvfv nmq t[A jvstb sp, kfvf ˆjde ifJDsj sh]sL (rfskv dbwfbf dEj
jvfv mfbsn kfv …iv dblGqHfsh) kDv mfvsY. kfvf ifJDv mfdtsjv nfsK ˆƒ ycdÙÁ
jsvdYt sp, iadkde t[Aëó kDv kfv rsq pfsh. nckvfQ pJb kfvf ƒhsb …mfv -sj
slJsk sit, kJb YÛHÌ rsq ifdtsq sot. ƒhsb …mfv htstb, `ˆ jfu sj
jsvsY? sp ˆ jfu jsvsY kfv …iv zfïfrv zdHwfi. db}ns¦lsr vfnCtcïfr snƒ
hAdÙÁv …iv zdHwfi jsvsYb, sp sjfb ˆmb dudbnsj (kfv kDv-sJtfv) t[Ah²Âsk
idvBk jsv, pfv msLA iafB zfsY.' (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
zfbfn hstb, `vfnCtïc fr uDh-u§Âslv sh]sL svsJ (kDv hf h¦lcsjv dbwfbf
dEj jvfv ƒ¤Yfq) rkAf jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.' (hcJfvD 5514, mcndtm 5175bQ)
lqfdnÙÁ z§Àsvv bhD hstsYb,
.(@‫אن‬: : +
: !ْ /3 : „B8: 74 8: 1*> !‫ א‬:7: !5 )
zKGf{, zfïfrv zdHwfi snƒ hAdÙÁv …iv, sp iðv zÌrfdb Oefq. (bfnf„ 4442,
ƒhsb drêfb 5617, hfƒrfjD 18600bQ)
zsrkcj iafBD rkAf dbsNL jvsk dkdb hstsYb, ªsp hAdÙÁ zdLjfv YfVf (zpKf)
ˆjde hf kfv shwD yVcƒ rkAf jvsh, djqfmskv dlb zfïfr kfsj sn yVcƒ n©isjG iaw´
jvshb.« htf rt, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zdLjfvef jD (sp zdLjfsv kfsj rkAf jvf ShL
rsh)? dkdb htstb, ªzdLjfv rt ˆƒ sp, kf phfƒ jsv (kfv sofwXk) JfWqf rsh
ˆhQ mfKf sjse (rkAf jsv) sIst slWqf rsh bf.« (bfnf„, nrDr kfvoDh 2266bQ)
zfècïfr dhb mfn†l hstb, ˆjlf bhD slJstb, di]isVv okGnmCrsj zfmvf
icdVsq sIstdY. dkdb kf slsJ htstb, ªsj ˆƒ (di]isVÈdt)sj icdVsq sIstsY?«
zfmvf httfm, `zfmvfƒ.' dkdb htstb, zfÈsbv mfdtj (zfïfr) YfVf zfÈb äfvf
wfd²À slWqf zfv zbA jfsvf ubA nÌk bq.« (zfhC lf†l, rfsjm, dntdntfr nrDrfr 25bQ)
iðv pKfKG zdLjfv zflfq jvfv mfbsn lqftc msbv bhD hstsYb,
X: 4 5 : ‫ א‬1 @ 4 5‚5 3 S:B !‫ א‬3 H4 I14 5 : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬:783 X: ƒ> O
: : /3 @z‫ א א‬ŒK 4 5‚5 3d#
4ž
3 !ْ ‫ א‬3 H4 I14 5 : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A)
 160
(....: 4 B !‫א‬
zKGf{, pJb OfnpcÙÁ HCdmsk nIv jvsh, kJb HCdm sKsj …esj kfv zdLjfv ialfb
jv. (yvsk lfW.) zfv pJb Ofn-ifdbrDb HCdmsk nIv jv, kJb kf wDOa ifv rsq
pfW. (mcndtm 5068bQ, zfhC lf†l, dkvdmpD)
‫ א‬1 JK I: H4 !5 N&5 /: !5 @A H4 JK “: q :b1!3 H4 JK !5 \: : ž
B : ': B@A 5%‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 ، : /3 S:8: H4 JK /M‫א‬:‫دو‬: : X1 lK ‫وא‬1Wž
3 bBI: ‫ن‬4 5 H4 PK VB @A)
.(H4 JK b:L
: O
: ‫ א‬1 6ْ 5 X: 4 5 : 5 :‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬1HJK !5 : : L
: ‫و‬: ،@•YK 4 5 ‫ א‬MZf3 /3 >?@A *3 “3 !3 /:
zKGf{, skfmvf skfmfslv nWqfvDv diEsj (hÙÁxkfv) smìv hfdbsq sbWqf sKsj
dhvk rW. spsrkc zfïfr kf sjht skfmfslvsj lCv slsw si]ZsY slWqfv ubA
skfmfslv zLDb²¿ jsv dlsqsYb; spKfq iafBf§Àjv jó hAkDk skfmvf si]ZYsk ifvsk
bf. dkdb skfmfslv ubA mfde nxdó jsvsYb, kfv …iv l]fdVsq iasqfub nfsvf. (zfhC
lf†l 2567, dn} nrDrfr 22bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(BR3 ‫ א‬P5 \: ‫و‬1Wž
3 bBI: 5?‫و‬: ،ً ': !3 : \ 1 3&IB‫א‬:‫' ً و‬: !3 : B$‫א‬:‫و‬B&!‫ א‬3•3W\: ‫ א‬1P5 4 3‫))א‬
zKGf{, ˆƒ iðÈdt zfsvfrB jv (jó) sKsj dbvfil vfJf zh²¿fq ˆhQ (sbsm)
huGb jv dbvfil jsv. zfv kfslvsj syqfv hfdbsq dbsqf bf. (zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm,
dn} nrDrfr 21bQ)
ˆmbdj hLA iðv iadkW lqf ialwGb? r]Af, lqfv bhD pshr jvfv nmqW iðv
iadk lqfwDtkf ialwGb jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb, dkdb hstsYb,
‫ א‬S3 O
4 5‚ H4 b1+
4 /::‫ذא ذ‬A‫ و‬5 5 b4 n3 !‫ א א‬S13 O
4 5‚ H4 b1ْ b:65 ‫ ‘ذא‬N R4 : M P :‫ ن‬O
4 @z‫ א‬:db:P5 Ä I: %‫ א‬µ‫ن‬A)
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zKGf{, ªzhwAƒ zfïfr iaskAj h²Âv …iv zbcora dtdihÝ (uv¢vD) jsvsYb.
nckvfQ pJb (durfl hf rsÜ) rkAf jv kJb …Ùmv™si zbcosa rv nfsK rkAf jv ˆhQ
pJb pshr jv kJb …Ùmv™si zbcosa rv nfsK pshr jv. skfmfslv …dyk, Ycdvsj
Lfvfstf jvf ˆhQ hLA iðsj zfvfm slWqf.« (zfrmfl, mcndtm 1955bQ iamcJ)
hLA iðv n©mcsJƒ Ycdv wfb slWqf dblGqkfv jfu. lqfmq bhD Ycdv wfb dlsk
ˆhQ kf ið sKsj sofib jvsk zfslw jsvsYb ˆhQ hstsYb, ªpJb skfmfslv sj…
pshr jvsh, kJb sn spb kfVfkfdV jsv.« (mcnbfl zfrmfl 2/108, ƒhsb mfufr 3172bQ,
nrDr kfvoDh 1/529)
ˆj hAdÙÁ iðsj ðƒsq svsJ kfv Ycdv wfb dld¤Yt. kf slsJ mrfbhD kfsj
htstb,
(‫ ؟‬X: : ~
3 I1 ‫ن‬5 : 65 5hI:: Y1 BU‫د‬:&O
4 5 > \: @ b:I: 8: X: b1 '3 I1 ‫ن‬4 5 1&V@ I15 )
ªkcdm dj Wsj lcƒhfv mfvsk yfW? Wsj swfqfhfv zfso Ycdvsk wfb lfWdb sjb?«
(k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 24bQ)
lqfhfbsj ivm lqfhfb lqf jsvb. ˆmbdj hLA iðv iadk lqf jvstW ivjfst
ivm jv¢Bfmsqv jv¢Bf tfH rsh. lqfv nfov bhD hstsYb,
161
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zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ lqf ialwGb jvsh, pdlW pshrspfoA ið (hf yVcƒ)v iadk rq,
djqfmsk zfïfr kfv iadk lqf jvshb. (hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 379, dn} nrDrfr 27bQ)
dkdb ˆj nfrfhDsj hstsYb, ªkcdm pdl skfmfv hjvDv iadk lqf ialwGb jv, kfrst
zfïfr skfmfv iadk lqf ialwGb jvshb.« (rfsjm, nrDr kfvoDh 2264bQ)
mfbhkfv iadk lqf ialwGsb lqfv bhD lfn-iaKfsj …s¤Yl jvfv ubA bfbfdhL
iaqfn yfdtsqsYb.
dkdb öfLDb mfbcNsj lfn hfbfsk dbsNL jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
،1*S:': ‰: : P5 5‚5 ‫ ¨א‬O
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ªdkb iajfv stfj ˆmb zfsY, djqfmskv dlb pfslv iadkhflD öqQ zfdm; (1) sn
hAdÙÁ, sp zfmfv bfsm zÌDjfvfhÝ rt, isv kf HÌ jvt. (2) sn hAdÙÁ, sp öfLDb
mfbcNsj (iakfvBf dlsq) dhdÛÁ j'sv kfv mCtA H[B jvt. (3) sn hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb
mucvsj Jfdesq kfv dbje sKsj icvficdv jfu dbt, dj§Â kfv mucvD dlt bf.« (hcJfvD
2075bQ)
dkdb lfnk¶mÙ c Á jvsk …äcÝ jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
.« @ SB!‫ א‬:783 1*S4 83 /Q4 @A X: S4 83 N$4 @A M JK /3 1*> !‫ א‬:Zb:4 5 ً S:83 —4 81 ً :65 : :Zb:4 5 74 8: »
zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb mc'dmb lfn mcÙÁ jvsh, zfïfr kfv iaskAj zsÌv dhdbmsq
kfv iaskAj zÌsj ufrfâfm sKsj mcÙÁ jvshb. (mcndtm 3868bQ)
dkdb hù zhfLAfyvsBv iafqdÇyÙ öv™i ÛÁDklfn öfLDb jvfsj udvmfbf hf wfd²À
dbLGfvB jsvsYb. spmb Hct jsv rkAf jvfv jfIXIfvf, dprfv jvfv jfIXIfvf,
vmpfsbv svfpf zh²¿fq nrhfn jvfv jfIXIfvf, jnsmv jfIXIfvf ƒkAfdlsk lfnmcÙÁ
jvfv dbslGw zfsY.
dkdb lfn-lfnDv iadk zfuDhb lqfûG-r™lq dYstb. kfƒ k]fv swN uDhsbv
zd§ÀmwpAfq zd§Àm …islw dYt,
.(H4 JK 1 ': V4 5 9
4 J5 5 8: 8: ‫و‬: "5 5 #
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zKGf{, bfmfp, bfmfp, zfv skfmfslv lfnlfnDslv hAfifsv nkjG rW. (zfrmfl26483,
bfnf„ jchvf 7094, ƒhsb mfufr 1625bQ)
lqfv bhD …©mksj …äcÝ jsvsYb, pfsk Osvv icv¢Nvf lfnsj dbsuslv nsÌ
hdnsq ˆhQ mdrtfvf lfnDsj dbsuslv nsÌ hdnsq zfrfv jsv. kf bf ifvst sp Jfhfv
kfvf ³kdv jsv, sn Jfhfv spb kfvf sJsk ifq. dkdb hstsYb,
‫و‬4 5 ً 5 Pْ K ‫و‬4 5 @74 b:': nْ !K ‫و‬4 5 ً ': nْ !K 1*!ْ ‫ @و‬S:1 ْ 5 ، 1*: 8: 1*4 3~
4 V1 H4 !5 ‫ن‬4 @‘5 ، 3*83 : Œ5 /3 1*81 3‫; د‬
: H4 PK :&O
: 5 I:5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A ))
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: 5 3 :R!3‫و‬: 1*B@‘5 ‫@ ؛‬74 b:5 Pْ K
ªpJb skfmfslv sjfb hAdÙÁv Jfslm (lfn-lfnD) kfv dbje Jfhfv dbsq zfsn, kJb
pdl kfsj dbu nsÌ (sJsk) bf hnfq, kfrst sn spb kfsj (jmis[ kfv rfsk) ˆj
 162
Jfht hf lc' Jfht zKhf ˆj oafn hf lc' oafn (‰ Jfhfv sKsj) kcst slq. sjbbf, sn
(Jfslm) kf ifj (jvfv pfhkDq jó hvB) jsvsY.« (hcJfvD)
lqftc bhD hstsYb,
'B 83 1*'4 3 Œْ 1 ْ 5 ، 3•3&V: :9+
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4 I: %‫ א‬1HX1 5 : L
: ، H4 JK !K : ;
: ‫و‬: H4 JK 1‫א‬: ;
4 @A H4 \1 ))
.((H4 \1 S1 3 5‚5 H4 \1 '1 b1Yْ > P5 ‫ن‬4 ‘5 ، H4 X1 13“4 V: 8: H4 \1 YK q J5 I1 5?‫و‬: ، 1•:ْ V: 'B 83 1*4 3 ْ 1!ْ ‫و‬: ، 1 PK ‚:V
zKGf{, Wvf skfmfslv Hfƒ öv™i ˆhQ skfmfslv snhj. zfïfr Wslvsj skfmfslv
mfdtjfbfLDb jsvsYb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv Hfƒsj zfïfr kfv mfdtjfbfLDb jsvsYb, sn
hAdÙÁ spb kfsj (lfnsj) kfƒ JfWqfq; pf sn dbsu Jfq ˆhQ kfƒ ivfq pf sn dbsu
isv. zfv skfmvf Wslvsj ˆmb jfsuv Hfv dlsqf bf, pf jvsk Wvf n[m bq. iv§Â
pdl skfmvf ˆmb lc}nfLA jfsuv Hfv dlsqƒ sIt, kfrst skfmvf Wslv nrspfdokf
jv.« (hcJfvD 30, 2545, mcndtm 4405bQ)
lfn-lfnDsj Jfhfv dlsk …äcÝ jsv lqfv bhD hstsYb,
(› 6&, X h8‫ و; د‬h:bL‫ وزو‬g&!‫ و‬:9'4 ¦ 8‫ › و‬6&, X h: Yْ : :9'4 : ¦ 8 )
zKGf{, kcdm dbsusj pf JfƒsqY, kf (skfmfv ubA) nljfr, kcdm skfmfv n§Àfb, ²ÃD W
Jfslmsj pf JfƒsqY, kf (skfmfv ubA) nljfr. (zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct
mcIvfl, dn} nrDrfr 452bQ)
jfsuv stfjsj jfu swsN kfv mucvD nk¶v zflfq jsv bf zsbsj. kfsk snƒ
smrbdk mfbcNslv [dk rq, pfslv svfu zfbf, svfu JfWqf. mfdtsjv efthfrfbfv
Ist wadmjslv ycstfq r]fdV ysV bf. kfslv svfoD dydj{nf W WNcL ifq bf. kf slsJ
ovDh-lvlD mfbcsNv mb j]fsl. zfv lqfv bhD hstb,
.1*6K : : B}~
3 V: ‫ن‬4 : 4 65 1•: L
4 •
:L3 5 ‫ א א‬ŒK 4 5
zKGf{, wadmjsj kfv Ofm ðjfhfv iCshG kfv ifdvwadmj dlsq lfW. (ƒhsb mfufr 2443,
zfhC qAf’tf, nrDùt ufsm' 1055bQ)
zsbsj spbskbiajfsvB wadmsjv Ofm-sItfv lfm smsv sJsk
zfb¦lshfL jsv. dj§Â lqft bhD hstsYb,
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1 : ‫ @\ و‬X4 ': /3 :d\: :‫وذ‬: X5n> ¦5 X4S83 1*b:L
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1 : : ': 4 b:4 ‫א‬
ªzfïfrv dbje nh yfƒsk hV ifdiô snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb mdrtfsj
dhhfr jsv, zk}iv kfv dbje sKsj muf tcse dbsq kfsj kftfj slq ˆhQ
kfv smfrvW zfk¹nf{ jsv. (däkDq rt) snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp sjfb stfjsj
mucv Jfefq, zk}iv kfv mucvD zfk¹nf{ jsv ˆhQ (kxkDq rt) snƒ
hAdÙÁ, sp JfsmfJf ið rkAf jsv.« (rfsjm, hfƒrfjD, nrDùt ufsm' 1567
bQ)
lfn-lfnDv …iv zkAfyfv rq, kf slsJ lqft bhDv mb j]fsl. kfslv
163
jsó k]fv mb jó ifq. jKfq sJ]fef slWqf rq, ofdt slWqf rq. dkdb
kfvW iadkhfl jsvb.
mf'v™v dhb ncqfƒl hstb, ˆjlf zfhC pfvG -sj (mlDbfv
dbjehkDG ˆjde ufqof) vfhfpfq slJtfm, k]fv ofsq dYt smfef yflv.
zfv k]fv softfsmv ofsqW dYt zbcv™i yflv. kf slsJ njst htt, `sr
zfhC pfvG! zfidb pdl softfsmv ofsqv ‰ yflvefW dbskb ˆhQ
lc'desj ˆjsÛ jvskb, kfrst ˆjde sufVf rsq spk. zfv softfmsj zbA
ˆjde jfiV dlsq dlskb.'
zfhC pfvG htstb, `zfdm ˆjub (softfm)sj ofdt dlsqdYtfm.
kfv mf dYt zbfvhDq. ‰ mf Lsv kfsj dhla™i jsvdYtfm. sn
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje zfmfv dhv¢sÝ bfdtw jvt. ˆv Ist dkdb
zfmfsj htstb, ªsr zfhC pfvG! dbÇyq kcdm ˆmb stfj; pfv msLA
ufsrdtqfk zfsY!« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªWvf (lfnoB) skf skfmfslv
Hfƒ. (skfmfslv mkƒ mfbcN.) zfïfr Wslv …iv skfmfslvsj
swaôk¶ lfb jsvsYb. zkˆh sp lfn skfmfslv msbfmskf rsh bf, kfsj
dhÛÁq jsv lfW. zfv zfïfrv nxdósj jó dlsqf bf.« (zfhC lf…l
5157bQ)
lqftc bhD Jfslsmv slfNÛ¢desj lxdóycAk jvskb. sn sjfb Hct jvst [mf jsv
dlskb.
k]fv Jfslm zfbfn hstb, vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jvkt zsi[f zdLjkv sjfmt
sjfb icv¢ hf ifktf svwm zfdm ±iwG jdvdb. zfv kf]v wvDsvv ncoá zsi[f
zdLjkv ncoá sjfb h²Â zfdm jJsbf ð]djdb. zfv zfdm lw hYv ipG§À vfnCtcïfr -
ˆv dJlmk jsvdY. dkdb jJsbfW zfmfv ubA `…}' wè hstbdb. sjfb jfu j'sv
hnst dkdb ˆ jKf dusÎn jsvbdb sp, `kcdm ˆ jfu sjb jvst?' ˆhQ sjfb jfu bf
jvst dkdb hstbdb sp, `kf sjb jvst bf?' (hcJfvD 6038, mcndtm 6151bQ)
zfècïfr dhb zfmXv hstb, ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn htt, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfmvf lfn-lfnDsj jkhfv [mf jvh?' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb bDvh Kfjstb.
zk}iv snƒ hAdÙÁ icbvfq ˆjƒ iaw´ jvt. dj§Â ˆhfsvW dkdb yci Kfjstb. zk}iv
kxkDqhfsv …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªiakAr kfsj nÙv hfv [mf jv!« (zfhC lf†l 5164,
dkvdmpD 1949, dn} nrDrfr 488bQ)
Jfslsmv shkb bf dlsq, kfsj kfv psKó Jfhfv bf dlsq, kfsj
[cLfkG svsJ ˆhQ snƒ nfsK kfv idvhfvsj [cLfkG svsJ W kfslv
jfsY kfsj sYfe jsv kfsj jó slq zsbj sö¤YfyfvD zkAfyfvD
mfbcN. kfslv hAfifsvW lqft bhD …©mksj nkjG jsvsYb.
zfècïfr dhb …mfv -ˆv dbje k]fv JfufÑD ˆst dkdb kfsj
 164
duÎfnf jvstb, ªsoftfmslvsj kfslv zfrfv dlsqsY dj?' JfufÑD htt,
`bf.' dkdb htstb, `pfW, kfslvsj kf dlsq lfW. zfïfrv vnCt
hstsYb, ªmfbcsNv ifiD rWqfv ubA ˆkecjcƒ psKó sp, sn pfv
zfrfsvv lfdqk¶wDt, kfsj kf (bf dlsq) zfesj vfsJ.« (mcndtm 996bQ)
zkAfyfsvv yvm nDmfq si]ZsY zkAfyfvD dbu lfn-lfnDsj mfvLv jsv! kf slsJW
lqfv bhD -ˆv iafB j]fsl.
zfhC mfn†l hflvD hstb, zfdm ˆjlf zfmfv ˆjde softfmsj yfhcj mfvdYtfm.
ƒkAhnsv diYb sKsj ˆƒ wè ðbsk sitfm `susb svsJf, sr zfhC mfn†l!' dj§Â
sÛÁfLfd¦hk zh²¿fq wèef hcUsk ifvtfm bf. pJb snƒ (wèjfvD) zfmfv dbjehkDG
rt, kJb nrnf slJtfm sp, dkdb vfnCtcïfr . dkdb htdYstb, `susb svsJf zfhC
mfn†l! Wv …iv skfmfv pkef [mkf zfsY, skfmfv …iv zfïfr kfzftf zfsvf
shdw [mkfhfb.' kJb zfdm httfm, `ˆviv sKsj zfdm zfv jJsbf sjfb softfmsj
mfvLv jvh bf.'
ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, kf]v Hsq zfmfv rfk sKsj yfhcjde isV sot. zfdm httfm, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfrv n§Âdó zuGsbv …sÜswA Wsj öfLDb j'sv dltfm.' vfnCtcïfr
htstb, ªswfb! kcdm pdl kf bf jvsk, kfrst ufrfâfsmv zfÈb skfmfsj zhwAƒ
lÊ zKhf ±iwG jvk.« (mcndtm 4396-4398bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.« 1*n5 b3 4 V1 ‫ن‬4 5 1*I:: Y> P5 B‫‘@ن‬5 1*': Œ5 !5 ‫و‬4 5 *3 I3 ْ‚V: H4 !5 ‫&¨א‬O
: 1*!5 8Q 5 ©K :$: k
: 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁ dbu softfmsj ˆmb zivfsLv nfuf slq, pf sn jsvdb zKhf kfsj yV
mfsv, kfrst kfv iafqdÇyÙ rt, sn kfsj mcÙÁ j'sv slsh.« (mcndtm)
lqfv bhD nmfsuv iÌc mfbcNslv iadkW lqfwDt dYstb. kfslv iadk dkdb
nrfbcHCdkwDt dYstb. zsáv hAfifsv dkdb hstsYb,
.(5 SB~
: !ْ ‫' א‬: X1 S4 83 1*b1k
4 B : : :# : 5 3*4 b:: 3 + : /3 c3&4 : 194 5 b:/4 ‫א א‬:‫@ذ‬A :‫ ل‬65 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
ªzfïfr kfzftf hstb, `zfdm zfmfv hf¦lfsj pJb kfv lcƒ diaq h²Â (y[c)sj
dYdbsq dbsq ivD[f jdv, zfv snW ˆsk ³LpG LfvB jsv, kJb ‰ lcsqv dhdbmsq kfsj
shsrñX lfb jdv.« (hcJfvD 5653bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(@ 3 B !‫ א‬74 : ': 4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬:*': P5 74 8: 1*> !‫ א‬:7: !5 ‫و‬: )
zKGf{, zfïfrv zdHwfi kfv …iv, sp sjfb zásj iKycAk jsv. (zfrmfl 2816,
hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 689, rfsjm 8052, n} ufsm' 5891bQ)
lqfv bhD hsqfhxÝ mfbcNslv iadk lqf iajfw jsv sosYb. kfslvsj n©mfb W
waÝf jvsk dbslGw dlsq dkdb hstsYb,
،1*S4 : R3 ~
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165
ªhxÝ mcndtm, jcvzfsb zdkvÓbjfvD W zhsrtfjfvD bq ˆmb rfsIp ˆhQ
bAfqivfqB hflwfsj n©mfb ialwGb jvst ˆj iajfv zfïfrsjƒ n©mfb ialwGb jvf
rq.« (zfhC lf†l 4203, zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 357, hfƒrfj¶D 2573bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.( :•
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ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv sYfeslv iadk lqf ialwGb jsv bf ˆhQ zfmfslv hVslvsj waÝf
jsv bf, sn hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (zfrmfl 6937, dkvdmpD 1919, dn} nrDrfr 2196bQ)
hxÝ W lcht G swaBDv mfbcNslv …isv wvDqskv Hfv rfîf jvf rsqsY. bfmfp
ncdhLfmskf iVsk zbcmdk slWqf rsqsY, svfpfv hlst jfIXIfvfv dhLfb slWqf rsqsY
ƒkAfdl.
ƒmfm nfsrhsjW nkjG jvf rsqsY, pfsk bfmfp lDOG jsv kfslvsj jó bf slWqf rq.
dkdb mczfp -sj ˆwfv ƒmfmdksk tìf dj¶vfzfk iVsk dbsNL j'sv hstdYstb,
ªkcdm dj stfjslvsj dIkbfq sItsk yfW sr mczfp? kcdm pJb ƒmfmdk jvsh kJb
`zwXwfmdn zp¶rc f-rf, nfdêdrnmf vfdêjft zf'tf, ƒj¶vf dhndm vfdêjf, zïfƒdt ƒpf
qAfowf' ifE jv. jfvB skfmfv iÇyfsk hxÝ, lcht G W iasqfusb …lXoDa h mfbcN bfmfp
isV Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 664, mcndtm, bfnf„, dmwjfk 833 bQ)
mxk mfbcsNv iadkW k]fv lqfv ldvqf …Kst iVk.
mxk zmcndtm rstW tfw slsJ dkdb …sE JfVf rskb. (hcJfvD 1229, mcndtm 1596bQ)
dkdb mxkhAdÙÁv ubA lczf jvskb.
dbsu nwvDsv mxskv jfIb-lfIb jsmG wvDj rskb.
dbsu jhsv bfmskb, lcwmb rstW kfsj jfIsbv ubA dbsuv jfmDn lfb jvskb.
kfv ufbfpf iVskb, kfsk kfv ubA lczf jvskb ˆhQ jfsvf ufbfpf Ycse sost
kfv jhsvv …isv ufbfpf iVskb.
jhv dpqfvk jvskb ˆhQ snJfsb jhvhfnDv ubA lcƒ rfk kcst lczf jvskb.
dkdb htskb,
.( ¨ O : 3•@ 4 J5 P5 39M ': !ْ ‫@ א‬Hƒْ : 1 4 P5 )
zKGf{, mxskv rfV HfÌf, uDdhskv rfV HfÌfv mskf (nmfb zivfL). (zfrmfl
24739, zfhC lf†l 3207, ƒhsb mfufr 1616bQ)
dkdb mxk W jhsvv jfsY j]flskb.
ˆ nh dYt k]fv lqfûG-dysÙv lqf-mfqfv hdr}iajfw. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.
idvswsN ÎfkhA sp, k]fv lqfwDtkf mfsb lchtG kf bq. k]fv hAdÙÁk¶ dYt HfvnfmAiCBG.
dkdb lqfv nfov dYstb, kf hst dkdb lchtG -dyÙ dYstb bf. dkdb dhbqD W dhbma dYstb,
kf hst dkdb tfÒbf öDjfv jvskb bf. dkdb spmb lqfûG-r™lq dYstb, skmdb
iasqfusb jsEfv-r™lqW dYstb.
dkdb bhczskv iCshG lqftc dYstb, bhczskv isvW lqftc dYstb. ƒntfm dhuqD
rWqfv iCshG lqfwDt dYstb, ƒntfm dhuqD rWqfv isvW lqfwDt dYstb. wfd§Àjfst
lqftc dYstb, pcÝjfstW dkdb lqftc dYstb. rfvstW lqfhfb dYstb, dukstW lqfhfb
 166
dYstb. lc}sJv nmq lqfmq dYstb, ncsJv nmqW lqfmq dYstb. Osv-hfƒsv, wrsv-
nIsv njt ²¿fsb njstv ubA dYt k]fv lqfv hdr}iajfw. mrfb zfïfr nkAƒ hstsYb,
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O
4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)

k]fv bmakf W zmfdqjkf

mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr dYstb zkA§À bma W zmfdqj hAhrfsvv mfbcN. iaskAj
dhNsq dkdb bmakf iY¦l jvskb. hAhrfv W zfyvsB F]fe-Lmj, jjGwkf-siZv¢Nkf,
v™Pkf-jsEfvkf ƒkAfdl iY¦l jvskb bf. mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt,
‫ א‬f!‫( " א‬٢١٥) {: S383 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 5h: :IB‫@ א‬7': !3 5hO : S:L: m 4 Y3 ;
4 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
ªskfmfv zbcnfvD mc'dmbslv iadk kcdm nlq rW.« (ðzf'vf } 215)
{: S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3 5hO
: S:L
: m
4 Y3 ;
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X@ 4 5 : ‫ن‬4 T: +
4 I: 5?‫و‬: H4 X1 S4 8M L
Q ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 3*/3 S:4 bB8: 8: !5 @A 5h4 S:4 : B‫ن‬B&'1 I: 5?}
ªzfdm kfslv dhdHâ swaBDsj sHfo dhtfsnv sp …ijvB dlsqdY kfv iadk kcdm
jJsbf skfmfv y[clq¶ ianfdvk jsvf bf ˆhQ kfslv ubA kcdm s[fH jsvf bf. zfv
dhw¶fnDslv ubA kcdm skfmfv hfùsj zhbdmk vfJ.« (druXv } 88)
k]fv iadk mrfb zfïfrv ˆjde Jfn vrmk dYt sp, dkdb bma-r™lq dYstb. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
4 Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 S4 : 1}4 5 5h!34 O
: 74 83 ْ‫ א‬2 Y5 5? 3dْ n5 !ْ ‫· א‬5 3©5 ƒ« 5 :9SKP 4 !5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5 :9S3! 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M N ': O 4 : ': 3 5 }
‫ل ' אن‬- (١٥٩) {: 3Pq : b:'1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3*’ !‫ א‬5 : 4 P> : b:5 :984 T: : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 @ 84 5 ‫ א‬R3 H4 \1 4 ‫ @و‬: ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5
zKGf{, zfïfrv lqfq kcdm kfslv iadk rsqdYst sjfmt-r™lq; pdl kcdm v™P W
jsEfv-dyÙ rsk, kfrst kfvf skfmfv zfwifw rsk nsv iVk. nckvfQ kcdm kfslvsj
[mf jv ˆhQ kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv. zfv jfsu-jsmG kfslv nfsK ivfmwG jv.
zk}iv kcdm sjfb nQj¬i oarB jvst zfïfrv iadk dbHGv jv. dbÇyq zfïfr
(k]fv …iv) dbHGvwDtslv Hfthfsnb. (‚st ƒmvfb } 159)
htf hfùtA, dkdb njt swaBDv mfbcsNv nfsK dhbma hAhrfv ialwGb jsvsYb. zfv kfv
Ist k]fv lfWqfkD jfu nru rsqsY ˆhQ k]fv mLcv hAhrfsvv Ist hù mfbcN mcÊ rsq
ƒntfsm lDd[k rsqsY.
1. dw[fKGDslv nfsK dhbmakf
djYc mfbcN k]fv jfsY äDb dw[fv ubA ˆsn Hct jsv hnk. dkdb sn Hcstv ubA
vfofd¦hk rskb bf. kfsj jKfv yfhcjW rfbskb bf. hvQ hV bmakfv nfsK iaHfhwftD
HfNf iasqfsov mfLAsm kfsj dw[f dlskb. Ist sn iaHfhfd¦hk rsq k]fv iadk mcÊ rskf.
mczfdhqf dhb rfjfm hstb, ˆjlf zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfsK bfmfp iVdYtfm.
rEf{ ˆj hAdÙÁ bfmfsp r]fdy dlt (dY]dj mfvt). zfdm bfmfspv zh²¿fskƒ ‰ hAdÙÁv ubA
`qAfvrfmcjfïfr' hst lczf jvtfm. stfsjvf kf ðsb zfmfv dlsj kfjfsk tfot. zfdm
167
httfm, `dhil hse! skfmvf zfmfv dlsj kfjf¤Y sjb?' kfvf dbsuslv ufbcsk zfOfk
jsv k]fsj yci jvfsk yfƒt. zfdm yci rsq sotfm.
zk}iv bfmfp swN rst vnCt zfmfv nfsK jKf htstb. zfmfv dikfmfkf k]fv ubA
jcvhfb srfj! zfdm ƒdkiCshG ˆhQ k]fv isv k]fv yfƒsk shdw nc¦lv dw[j lwGb jdvdb.
zfïfrv jnm! (ˆk hV Hct jvfv isvW) dkdb zfmfsj Lmj slbdb, iarfv jsvbdb ˆhQ
ofdtW slbdb. hvQ dkdb htstb,
.« @‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ‫" א‬K :‫א‬: 63 ‫و‬: •
1 3Jْ bB!‫א‬:‫ و‬1] 34 bB!‫ א‬: \1 ': B@A @‫ س‬SB!‫م@ א‬5 P5 74 83 <4 : X: 3 1]K#
4 V: 5? "5 5 #
B !‫ א‬3•3W\: B‫@ن‬A »
ªˆƒ bfmfsp stfj-nmfsuv sjfb jKf htf ShL (nÌk) bq. ˆsk pf htsk rq kf rt;
knhDr, kjhDv W jcvzfb ifE.« (mcndtm 1227, dmwjfk 978bQ)
2. zÎslv nfsK dhbmakf
ufsrt ufsrtƒ. k]fsj dw[f dlsk rq. dj§Â zsbsj kfv nfsK bmakfv hAhrfv
hufq vfJsk ifsv bf. kfv jKfq sJ]fef tfso, hAhrfsv v¢[kf Kfsj, Ist n©mfsb
zfOfk isV. zKy mrfbhD ufsrtslv nfsKW dhbma hAhrfv hufq svsJsYb.
spsrkc mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt,
‫( " א א‬١٩٩) {: 3\3 ~ : !ْ ‫@ א‬7: ‫ض‬4 @ 4 5 ‫و‬: 3 4 1 !ْ /3 4 81 ْ ‫و‬: : Yْ : !ْ ‫ א‬3W;
1}
zKGf{, kcdm [mfwDtkfv bDdk zhtìb jv, n{jfsuv dbslGw lfW ˆhQ mCJsG lvsj
ˆdVsq yt. (zf'vfI } 199)
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, ˆj shlc„b mnduslv dHksv ianfa h j'sv dlt. nckvfQ
stfsjvf kfsj Lmj dlsq htt, `ˆ jD? ˆ jD!' bhD htstb, ªWv sinfh zfesj
dlsqf bf, Wsj sYsV lfW.«
nckvfQ kfsj sYsV slWqf rt. sn ianfa h jsv swN jvt. zk}iv vfnCtcïfr
k]fsj sFsj htstb,
"3 5 #
B !‫א‬:‫ و‬B L
: ‫و‬: TB : 3*> !‫ @ א‬Pْ 3W!3 : \3 ': BA@ @ :Wn5 !ْ ‫ א‬5?‫و‬: @‫ل‬4 :!ْ ‫א א‬:W\: 74 83 N 4 f: !3 1]K#4 I: 5? :&L 3 : ': !ْ ‫ א‬3•3W\: B‫@ن‬A »
.« @‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ ‫" א‬3 : ‫א‬: 63 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, ˆƒ mndulÈstf sjfb iajfv sinfh hf sbfQvf dudbsnv ubA bq. ˆ rt
sjht zfïfr zfpXpf zufïfv dpjXv, bfmfp W jcvzfb iVfv ubA. (mcndtm 687bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.(:7V@ M : 81 ‫„ א‬1: 4 I1 H4 !5 ‫و‬: :7V@ M : 81 H4 b1„4 3 /1 ': B@‘5 N 8: 74 83 ً ~
4 : ‫و‬4 5 N 8: 74 83 /Q 1:‫ ذ‬3*!34 /: 5 : ‫ א‬nK V@ \4 5 ‫و‬: 1• 1 :‫)د‬
zKGf{, Wsj sYsV lfW ˆhQ Wv ianfa shv …iv ˆj hftdk ifdb sTst lfW. sjbbf
skfmfslvsj nru bDdk zhtìb jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rsqsY, jsEfv bDdk zhtìb
jvfv ubA ifEfsbf rqdb.« (hcJfvD 220, 6128bQ)
ˆƒ snƒ shlc„b, sp bfmfspv lczfsk hstdYt, `sr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv iadk W
mcrf©mfslv iadk vrm jv. zfv zfmfslv nfsK jf…sj vrm jsvf bf.'
kf ðsb mrfbhD kfsj hstdYstb, ªkcdm skf iaw²À (zfïfrv vrmk)sj nQjDBG
jsv dlst!«
 168
ˆk Hcstv isvW mrfbhD -ˆv bmakf W zmfdqjkf slsJ sn öDjfv jvsk hfLA
rsq hstdYt, `zfmfv dikfmfkf k]fv ubA jcvhfb srfj. dkdb zfmfsj ofdt slbdb,
hjfhdj jsvbdb ˆhQ iarfvW jsvbdb.' (zfrmfl 10533, hfpXpfv 10540bQ)
zbA ˆjde Oebfq mrfbhD -ˆv dhbmakfv bmcbf ±ió rq.
zfbfn hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt ˆj mdrtfv ifw dlsq ifv rstb. sn
(kfv mxk dwðv) jhsvv ifsw hsn j]fldYt. dkdb kfsj htstb, ªzfïfrsj Hq jv,
zfv ³LpG Lv.« mdrtfde (spb svso …sE) htt, `nsv pfW zfmfv jfY sKsj zfmfv pf
mcnDhk, kf skfmfv jfsY zfsndb!'
zfnst mdrtfde k]fsj dybsk ifsvdb. isv sj… kfsj htt sp, dkdb zfïfrv vnCt
! ˆ jKf ðsb kfv spb mvBlwf …id²¿k rt. mdrtfde zfïfrv vnCt ˆv lvufq
ˆt. slJt, lvufq sjfb lfsvfqfb sbƒ. nckvfQ nvfndv k]fv dbje …id²¿k rsq sn
htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm zfibfsj dybsk ifdvdb!' zfïfrv vnCt htstb,
.(Ä‫و‬K ‫ א‬3 8: &4 #
B !‫ א‬:&S4 3 1 4 #
B !‫' א‬: BA)
ªdhislv iaKm syfseƒ ³LpG Lvf rt zfnt ³LpG.« (hcJfvD 1283, mcndtm 2179bQ)
zfv djYc htstb bf. jfvB dkdb ufbskb, sn ufbk bf. ufbk bf sp, dkdb bhD .
ufbk bf sp, zSLpG rsq jhsvv ifsw hsn j]flsk rq bf. kfƒ skf mrfbhD kfv
hAhrfsv ³LpG Lvstb ˆhQ znÌk jKfsj ˆdVsq sostb.
3. jfsIv W Lxóslv nfsK dhbmakf
dhsvfLD mfbcNvf dhis[v drQnf jsv, dhil jfmbf jsv, mxkcA iafKGbf jsv. kf susb-
ðsbW öfHfdhj jKf htf, bvm HfNfq …Ùv slWqf dhwft r™lsqv mfbcsNv jfu. k]fv
i[ sKsj dhi[sj sj… ovm jKf htst kfsjƒ bnDrk jvf mrfbcHh mfbcsNv
mr{ ÈB.
ˆjlf ƒqfùlDslv ˆjde lt vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY iashw jsv htt, `zfnX-nf-mc
zftfƒjcm.' kfvf nftfsmv hlst `nf-m' dlsq htt, skfmfslv …iv mxkcA srfj.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) svso sostb. dkdb hstb, zfdm kfslv jKf hcsU
dosqdYtfm. kfƒ zfdmW kfslv …Ùsv httfm, `zzftfƒjcmcn nf-mc zttf'bfr.'
zKGf{, skfmfslv …isvW mxkcA W zdHwfi srfj.
(zbA ˆj hBGbfq, `hft zftfƒjcmcn nf-m zp-pfm.' skfmfslv …isvW mxkcA W o½fdb
srfj.) vfnCtïc fr htstb,
.(3*q PK @ 84 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬R3 :Zْ M !‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A K f: s3 : V: ً X4 8: )
zKGf{, Kfsmf sr zfsqwf! zfïfr kfzftf sjfmt; dkdb iaskAjde hAfifsv sjfmtkf
W bmakfsj Hfthfsnb. (kcdm sE]fejfef rsqf bf sr zfsqwf!)
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) htstb, `Wvf jD htt, zfidb dj ðsbbdb?'
dkdb htstb, (ðsbdY hstƒ skf) httfm, `zzftfƒjcm.' (hcJfvD 6024, mcndtm
5784, 5786bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
169
Œ3 4 V1 5? 8: ‫و‬: 3}S4 1 !ْ ‫ א‬5 : Œ3 4 V1 5? 8: @Zْ M !‫ א‬5 : Œ3 4 V1 ‫و‬: :Zْ M !‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 Z< 3 : :*>!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A K f: s3 : V: »
.« 1•‫א‬: 3 8: 5 :
zKGf{, ªsr zfsqwf! dbÇyq mrfb zfïfr bma, dkdb bmakfsj Hfthfsnb. dkdb
bmakfv …isv pf slb, kf dkdb jsEfvkf ˆhQ zbA sjfb dudbsnv …iv slb bf.«
(mcndtm 6766bQ)
4. ififyfvDslv nfsK dhbmakf
zsbj nmq ififyfvDvf Hfstf mfbcsNv nfsK ˆmb hAhrfv jsv, pfsk k]fv n©mfsb
zfOfk tfso, vfo rq, Ist dkdb jVf jKf htsk …lAk rb. dj§Â mrfbhD -ˆv
dhbma hAhrfv ififyfvDsjW mcÊ jvk, Ist sn ifi huGsb …äcÝ rskf.
ˆjlf ˆj pchj zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq htt, `sr zfïfr vnCt!
zfidb zfmfsj hAdHyfv jvfv zbcmdk dlb!'
ˆ jKf ðsb stfsjvf kfsj Lmj dlsq htt, `Kfsmf, Kfsmf! (ˆ jD htY kcdm?)'
dj§Â mrfbhD kfsj htstb, ªzfmfv jfsY ˆsnf.«
sn k]fv jfsY ˆsn hnst dkdb k]fsj htstb, ªkcdm dj dbu mfsqv ubA kf iY¦l jv?«
sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv mfsqslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.«
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv smsqv ubA kf iY¦l jv?«
sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv smsqslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.«
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv shfsbv ubA kf iY¦l jv?«
sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv shfsbslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.«
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv IcIcv ubA kf iY¦l jv?«
sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv IcIcslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.«
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm dj skfmfv Jftfv ubA kf iY¦l jv?«
sn htt, `bf, zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr zfmfsj zfibfv ubA jcvhfb jv¢b.'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst stfsjvfW skf kfslv Jftfslv ubA kf iY¦l jsv bf.«
zk}iv dkdb kfv hcsj rfk vfJstb ˆhQ kfv ubA lczf j'sv htstb,
.(1*L
: 4 5 74 #
MO
: ‫و‬: 1*:ْ 65 4 XM ¦5 ‫و‬: 1*:4 :‫ ذ‬4 Y3 ©ْ ‫ א‬BHX1 > !‫)א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! kcdm Wv sofbfr mfI jsv lfW, Wv r™lqsj idhÛ jsv lfW ˆhQ
Wsj hAdHyfv sKsj v[f jv.
hBGbfjfvD hstb, zk}iv snƒ pchj zfv hAdHyfsvv dlsj ë™s[iW jsvdb. (zfrmfl
22211, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 7679, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 5415, dntdntfr nrDrfr 370bQ)
5. iauf W ubosBv nfsK dhbmakf
mrfbhD dYstb sn hAfifsvW zoaBD. mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) hstb, zfdm
 170
vfnCtïc fr -sj zfmfv ˆƒ Osv htsk ðsbdY,
H4 X@ /3 :Z5 : 5 ^Q4 : b3 8B K @ 84 5 74 83 : !3‫و‬: 74 8: ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : Z4 nK 4 5 H4 X@ 4 5 : BZf: 5 ^Q4 : b3 8B K @ 84 5 74 83 : !3‫و‬: 74 8: BHX1 > !‫» א‬
.« 3*/3 Z4 K 4 5
ªsr zfïfr! sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶ dbsq kfslvsj jsó
sItsh, kcdm kfsj jsó sIstf. zfv sp sj… zfmfv …©mskv sjfb jfsuv djYc lfdqk¶
dbsq kfslv nfsK bmakf jvsh, kcdm kfv nfsK bmakf jsvf.« (mcndtm 4826bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.« H4 X1 S4 83 :‫ ن‬JK I: ‫ن‬4 5 5g VB @‘5 K ': Œ5 +
1 !ْ ‫ א‬3 : M !‫ א‬B : B‫@ن‬A »
ªdbjxó vfJft rt snƒ, sp vfJfdtsk hV jsEfv.« (mcndtm 4838bQ)
…sÜwA rt, mfbcsNv sbkfsj dhbma rWqf uv¢vD. bsy{ sn dbjxó W zspfoA sbkf.
6. Iskfqf duÎfnfjfvDv nfsK dhbmakf
zfstm-…tfmfv jfsY zsbsj Iskfqf duÎfnf jsv k]fv ƒtXm zf¦lfu jvfv ubA,
nmfstfybf jvfv ubA, slfN Lvfv ubA zKhf dhkjG jvfv ubA. kfsk zfstmsj
³LpGLfvB jvsk rq ˆhQ iajdx k²¿ sKsj duÎfnsjv nfsK dhbma hAhrfv jvsk rq.
nftfmfr dhb n¶fJXv hfqfpD hstb, zfdm ˆmb icv¢N dYtfm, sp ²ÃD-nrhfn shdw jsv.
zfmfv msb rq bf sp, zfdm pkef ifvkfm kkef zbA sj… ifvk. nckvfQ vmpfb
iashw jvst zfdm ²ÃDv nfsK `dprfv' jvtfm, pfsk vmpfb ifv rsq pfq (ˆhQ dlsb
nrhfsn dtå bf rsq idV). ˆjlf vfsÛ sn zfmfv nfsK jKf htdYt, ˆmb nmq kfv
slsrv ˆmb djYc zQw zfmfv ubA Jcst sot, pfv Ist zfdm kfv …iv U]fdisq iVtfm
ˆhQ nÌm jsv sIttfm. zk}iv njft rst zfdm zfmfv sofsÛv stfsjslvsj
zfmfv Jhv httfm. zfdm kfslvsj httfm, `zfmfv hAfifsv vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY
(Iskfqf) duÎfnf jv.'
kfvf htt, `zfmvf kf ifvh bf. jfvB zfïfr zfpXpf zufï jcvzfb zhkDBG
jvshb zKhf vfnCtïc fr -ˆv i[ sKsj sjfb …dÙÁ jvf rsh, zk}iv kfv tÏf
zfmfslv OfsV sKsj pfsh. hvQ zfmvf skfmfv zivfL skfmfsjƒ snfilG jvdY. kcdmƒ
dosq skfmfv dbsuv hAfifv vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY …sïJ jv.'
nckvfQ zfdm shv rtfm ˆhQ k]fv jfsY ˆsn zfmfv Jhv Jcst httfm.
dkdb htstb, ªkcdmƒ ˆ jfu jsvY?«
zfdm httfm, `uD, zfdmƒ ˆ jfu jsv sIstdY. zfv ˆƒ sp zfdmƒ zfïfrv
Ifqnftf smsb dbsk ³LpGLfvB jvh sr zfïfrv vnCt!'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ˆjde olGfb (ÛÁDklfn) öfLDb jv.«
zfdm httfm, `snƒ nÙfv wiK, dpdb zfibfsj nkA-nr siavB jsvsYb! ˆƒ njfst
zfdm zfmfv dbsuv ˆƒ olGfb YfVf zbA djYcv mfdtj bƒ.'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ˆjefbf lcƒ mfn svfpf vfsJf.«
zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv …iv sp mnDhk ˆt, kf dj svfpf YfVf zbA
djYcv jfvsB ˆt?'
171
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst Nfeub dmnjDbsj nfljf jv zKhf zâlfb jv.«
zfdm httfm, `snƒ nÙfv wiK, dpdb zfibfsj nkA-nr siavB jsvsYb! ok vfsÛ
zfmfslv vfskv JfhfvW dYt bf!'
dkdb htstb, ªkfrst hfbD pcvfƒsjv nfljf-Wqftfv jfsY pfW ˆhQ kfsj ht,
skfmfsj nfljf slsh. zk}iv kcdm kf sKsj Nfeub dmnjDb Jfƒsq lfW ˆhQ
zhdwófQw äfvf kcdm …ijxk rW.«
nckvfQ zfdm zfmfv sofsÛv stfsjslv jfsY dIsv ˆtfm ˆhQ httfm, `skfmfslv
jfsY nQjDBGkf W Jfvfi vfq sitfm. zfv bhD -ˆv dbje sitfm iaw²Àkf W Hfstf
vfq. dkdb skfmfslvsj zfmfv ubA nfljf dlsk zfslw jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfmfsj kf
lfW.' (zfrmfl 16535, zfhC lf†l 2213, dkvdmpD 3299, ƒhsb mfufr 2062bQ iamcJ)
iajfw Kfsj sp, hfqfpfr sofÛ hfbD pcvfƒsjvƒ ˆjde wfJf.
mrfbhD kfv iadk sjfb iajfv dhvdÙÁ iajfw jsvbdb, kfsj sjfb m¦l jKfW
hstbdb ˆhQ sjfb jVf jKfW hstbdb, hvQ iaskAj Lfsi bmakfv nfsK dkdb kfsj
dlj-dbslGw jsvsYb.
7. dwðslv nfsK dhbmakf
mrfbhD dwðslv HcstW ³LpGLfvB jvskb ˆhQ bmakfv nfsK kfslvsj dw[f
dlskb.
…mfv ƒhsb zfhD nftfmf hstb, `ˆjlf zfdm sYfe drnfsh bhD -ˆv sjfst dYtfm.
Jfhfv (nmq) hfnsb zfmfv rfk OcvdYt. vfnCtcïfr zfmfsj htstb,
.« 5h 3V: 'B 83 4 PK ‫و‬: 5hS3 '3 : /3 4 PK ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬MH: 1‫م‬5 ©K V: »
ªWsr djswfv! `dhndmïfr' hst Ffb rfsk zfrfv jv ˆhQ skfmfv jfY sKsj
JfW.«
kfviv sKsj zfdm nh nmq ˆ iÝdkskƒ zfrfv jsv zfndY.' (hcJfvD 5376, mcndtm
5388bQ)
8. ið-i[Dv nfsK dhbmakf
ˆmbdj pshrspfoA iðv iadkW bmakf ialwGb jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb mrfbhD .
dkdb hstsYb,
:]/4 BW!‫ א א‬S13 O
4 5‚5 H4 b1+
4 /::‫א ذ‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: 5 5 b4 n3 !ْ ‫ א א‬S13 O
4 5‚5 H4 b1ْ b:65 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 N 4 : M PK 5 : :‫ ن‬: O
4 @z‫ א‬:db:P5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
.« 1*b:+
: /3 :‫ ذ‬i4 @ 1 ْ 5 1*I:: Yْ : H4 PK 1&O
: 5 B&+
3 1!ْ ‫و‬:
ªzhwAƒ zfïfr iaskAj h²Âv …iv zbcora dtdihÝ (uv¢vD) jsvsYb. nckvfQ pJb
(durfl hf rsÜ) rkAf jv, kJb …Ùmv™si zbcosa rv nfsK rkAf jv ˆhQ pJb pshr
jv, kJb …Ùmv™si zbcosa rv nfsK pshr jv. skfmfslv …dyk, Ycdvsj Lfvfstf jvf
ˆhQ hLA iðsj zfvfm slWqf.« (mcndtm 1955bQ)
9. bmakfv iadk k]fv zbcsiavBf
mrfbhD …©mksj bmakfv iadk …{nfdrk jvfv ts[A bfbf dbslGw dlsqsYb.
 172
dkdb hstsYb, bmakf rt nfdhGj jtAfB.
.(:Zْ M !‫ א‬H4 X@ 4 5 : : ;
: ‫د‬4 5 ‫א‬Q 4 ;
: N94 /: @ \4 5‚/3 B L : ‫و‬: TB : 1*> !‫ א‬:‫אد‬: 5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A )
zKGf{, zfïfr zfpXpf zufï pJb sjfb idvhfsvv ubA mÌt yfb, kJb kfslv mfsU
bmakf iadhó jsvb. (zfrmfl 24427, ðzfhct „mfb, hfƒrfj¶D 6560bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.« : 4 ž
: !ْ ‫م@ א‬: +
4 V1 :Zْ M !‫م@ א‬: +
4 V1 74 8: ‫و‬4 5 : 4 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ @م‬O
1 :Zْ M !‫ א‬:‫ @م‬O1 74 8: »
zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ bmakf sKsj hdÑk, sn hAdÙÁ njt jtAfB sKsj hdÑk. (mcndtm 6765bQ)
bmakf mfbcNsj nc¦lv jsv, dhbma hAhrfv lCsvv mfbcNsj dbje jsv. mfbcN pkƒ nc¦lv
srfj, kfv ydvÛ W hAhrfsv bmakf bf Kfjst sn jc{dnk. dkdb hstsYb,
.« 1*: : >?@A N 4 : 74 83 1‫ع‬T: S4 V1 5?‫و‬: 1*:‫א‬:‫?> ز‬A@ N 4 : 3 1‫ ن‬JK V: 5? :Zْ M !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
ªbmakf sp dhNsq Kfsj sn dhNqsj kf snZ¦lpGmdàk (msbfrv) jsv skfst. zfv sp
dhNq sKsj kf kcst sbWqf rq, sn dhNqsj snZ¦lpGrDb (m½fb) jsv sIst.« (mcndtm
6767, zfhC lf†l 4808bQ)
lfWqfskv jfsuW dhbma hAhrfv iasqfub. mrfbhD lf„ siavsBv nmq htskb,
.« ‫وא‬1 Yq S:I1 5?‫و‬: ‫ א‬S1Jq : ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 M : I1 5?‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 M V: »
ªskfmvf nru jv, jdEb jsvf bf ˆhQ (stfsjslvsj) wf§À vfsJf, (nccnQhfl lfW).
kfslv msLA s[fH nxdó jsvf bf.« (hcJfvD 6125, mcndtm 4626bQ)
lfWqfskv jfsu lnG-kflvDsnv nmq dw[fKGDslv iadk snƒ bmakf hufq vfJskb.
wfj¶Dj¶ ƒhsb nftfmf (v}) hstb, ƒhsb mfn†l iaskAj hxr±idkhfsv zfmfslvsj
bnDrk ðbfskb. ˆjde stfj k]fsj dbshlb jvt, `sr zfhC zfècv vrmfb! zfmfv hfnbf
ˆƒ sp, zfidb zfmfslvsj pdl iaskAj dlb bnDrk ðbfskb (skf Hft rk).' dkdb
htstb, `n¹vsB vfJsh, zfmfsj ˆsk hfLf dls¤Y ˆƒ sp, zfdm skfmfslvsj dhvÙÁ jvsk
ziY¦l jdv. zfdm bnDrskv hAfifsv skfmfslv iadk dEj ‰Hfsh t[A vfJdY, spHfsh
vfnCtïc fr zfmfslv dhvÙÁ rhfv zfwQjfq …ÙÁ dhNsq zfmfslv iadk t[A vfJskb.'
(zKGf{ mfsU-msLA dhswN iasqfub mfdIj bnDrk ðbfskb.) (hcJfvD 70, mcndtm 7307bQ)
spmb dkdb ucmzfv Jckhf nQs[i jvskb. ƒmfmdksk tìf djvfzfk isV mfbcNsj
jó dlsk dbsNL jvskb. dwðv jfâf ðsb dkdb bfmfp nQs[i jvskb. lfn-lfnD W
²ÃD-idvusbv nfsKW dhbma hAhrfv ialwGb jvskb.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbXrf) hstb, `zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfl hAkDk vfnCtcïfr jJsbf
jf…sj örs²À mfsvbdb, bf sjfb ²ÃDsj, bf sjfb lfn-lfnDsj. jfsvf dlj sKsj dkdb sjfb
jó sist jólfkfv dbje sKsj iadkswfL sbbdb. rA]f, pdl zfïfrv rfvfmjxk sjfb dudbn
tQOb jvf rk (zKGf{ sj… ycdv, hAdHyfv ƒkAfdl jfu j'sv sItk), kfrst zfïfrv
ubAƒ dkdb iadkswfL dbskb (wfd²À dlskb).' (mcndtm 2328bQ, bfnf„ iamcJ)
dkdb nh djYcskƒ bmakf iY¦l jvskb. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.
173

k]fv dhNqfndÙÁrDbkf
mrfbhD mrfb iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj msbfbDk W siadvk mrficv¢N. dkdb ƒ¤Yf
jvst `vfuf' rsq jftfdkifk jvsk ifvskb, spmb iChhG kGD sjfb sjfb bhD
`vfuf'v™si bhczskv lfdqk¶ iftb jsvsYb. dj§Â dkdb sysqsYb dhbqD ovDhv™si
jftfdkifk jvsk.
ˆjlf duhvDt mrfbhD -ˆv dbjse hsndYstb. rEf{ dkdb zfjfswv dlsj
kfdjsq slJstb sp, ˆjub dIdvwXkf zhkvB jvsYb. dkdb (bhD -sj t[A j'sv)
htstb, `ˆƒ dIdvwkf pJb sKsj nxó rsqsYb, kJb sKsj dbsq zfu ipG§À sjfb dlb
zhkvB jsvbdb.' dIdvwXkf zhkvB j'sv (bhD -sj) nsìfLb j'sv htstb, `sr
mcrf©mfl! zfibfv iadkiftj zfmfsj zfibfv jfsY ifdEsqsYb. (dkdb ufbsk yfb
sp,) zfibfsj dj dkdb ˆjub nmafe W bhD j'sv siavB jvshb, bf sjht ˆjub
hf¦lf W vfnCt j'sv ifEfshb?' duhvDt htstb, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfibfv
iadkiftsjv ubA bma-dhbqD rb.' vfnCtcïfr htstb,
.( !ً 1 : ‫א‬Q&4 : 4 /: 5?)
ªbf, hvQgzfdm ˆjub hf¦lf W vfnCt drnfsh siadvk rsk yfƒ.« (zfrmfl 7160,
ƒhsb drêfb 6365, zfhC qAf'tf 6105bQ)
dkdb sysqsYb ivjfstv zb§À ncJ. ˆ uoskv sHfo-dhtfn k]fv jfmA dYt bf.
ˆjlf lc-ufrfsbv hflwfr bhD yfefƒsqv …iv srtfb dlsq wcsq dYstb. k]fv
ifw¶sG lsw yfefƒ-ˆv ±ió lfo isV dosqdYt. k]fv host dYt sJucv ofsYv syfjfv
hfdtw! kf slsJ …mfv sj]sl sItstb. zfïfrv vnCt duÎfnf jvstb,
ªrEf{ sj]sl …Est sjb, sr …mfv?« …mfv htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ifvnA W
svfm-nmafe jk ncJ-dhtfsn hfn jvsY. zfv zfidb zfïfrv vnCt rsqW ˆ zh²¿fq
jftfdkifk jvsYb? zfidb zfïfrv dbje iafKGbf jv¢b, spb dkdb zfibfv …©mksj
ifdKGh ncJ-n©isl nmxÝ jsvb. ifvnA W svfmhfnDslvsj zfïfr lcdbqfv ncJ-nfmoaD
lfb jsvsYb, zKy kfvf k]fv ƒhflk jsv bf!' ˆ jKf wcsb mrfbhD srtfb
sYsV …sE hnstb ˆhQ htstb, ªsr …mfv! zfmfv hAfifsv dj ns¦lr jv? ˆ hAfifsv
kcdm ˆmb jKf ht? Wvf rt ˆmb ufdk, pfslv ncJ-n©ilsj ˆ uoskƒ k¶vfdb¶k jvf
rsqsY. ---kcdm dj yfW bf sp, Wslv ncJ ƒrjfst zfv zfmfslv ncJ ivjfst srfj?«
(hcJfvD 4913, 5191, mcndtm, ƒhsb mfufr, nrDùt ufsm' 1327 bQ)
vfnCtïc fr ˆjlf yfefƒ-ˆv …iv ðsq dYstb. zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ zh²¿fq …Estb
sp, kf]v ifw¶sG lsw kfv lfo isV dosqdYt. zfmvf httfm, `sr zfïfrv vfnCt! pdl
(zfibfv zbcmdk rq), kfrst zfmvf zfibfv ubA bvm odl hfdbsq dlƒ.' dkdb
htstb,
.( X: P5 : I:‫و‬: :i‫א‬: BH‰1 "N : ~
: : :9+
4 I: B l5 NdP3 ‫א‬: P5 : 4 2&!‫ א‬1 „:8: ‫و‬: R3„:8: ': B@A : 4 2&!‫א‬:‫ و‬:5 8: : 4 2& !3‫و‬: R3! 8: )
ªlcdbqfv nfsK zfmfv jD n©ijG? zfdm skf (ˆ) uosk ‰ zfsvfrDv mskf, sp (j½f§À
rsq ˆjec dhwafsmv ubA) sjfb ofsYv Yfqfq zfwaq sbq. zk}iv icbvfq sn ytsk
 174
zfvý jsv ˆhQ ‰ ofYde sYsV yst pfq.« (zfrmfl, dkvdmpD 2377, ƒhsb mfufr, dmwjfk
5188 bQ)
ovDh-lvlD bhD ovDhslv lc}sJ lc}JD dYstb. dkdb dbsuv ncJ Hcst isvv ncJ
yfƒskb. ldvqf-dlst dkdb nhGlf zHfhDslv mfsU lfb jvsk yfƒskb. dkdb hstsYb,
.(7ٍ V4:&!3 1•1&,
3 4 K <R4 : !>@A <R4 : 1*S483 c3&S43 ‫و‬: < 5‰: BR5: B '1 V: !5 ‫ن‬4 5 R32 1 V: 8: Q\: :‫ ذ‬N&O
1 K 1 „483 R3! :‫ ن‬P5 4 !5)
ªpdl zfmfv dbje …ùl ifrfV nmfb snfbf Kfjk, kfrst zfdm ˆsk zfbd¦lk
rkfm sp, ‡B idvswfsLv ubA idvmfB mk hfjD svsJ zhdwó nhefƒ dkb dlb
zdkhfdrk bf rskƒ zfïfrv isK Jvy j'sv sIdt.« (hcJfvD 2389, mcndtm 2349bQ)
lcdbqfv iadk k]fv zfndÙÁ dYt bf, nQnfsvv ifb-sHfub W dhtfn-hAnsb k]fv stfH
dYt bf hstƒ k]fv nQnfsv zHfh Kfjk.
jJsbf efbf dkb dlb kxdå nrjfsv zfrfv jvsk siskb bf. (hcJfvD 5374bQ)
mfsU-msLA zfrfsv zkxdå sKsjƒ spk, sieiCBG zfrfv dmtk bf, sise [cLf hkGmfb
Kfjk. jfvB psKó JflA Osv Kfjk bf. zfhfv KfjstW zbAsj dlsq dbsuslv
iasqfub dmek bf. (‰ 5374, 5416bQ)
mrfbhD ˆmb zh²¿fq lcdbqf kAfo jsvsYb sp, pshv v¢de sJsq idvkxå rbdb. (‰
5414bQ)
k]fv idvhfv ˆj dlsb lcƒ shtf zfrfv jvst ˆj shtfv Jfhfv rskf sJucv. (‰
6455bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf efbf lcƒ mfn Lsv k]fv oxsr ycstf u¶tk bf! sjht sJucv, lcL W ifdb
sJsq uDhbLfvB jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 2567, mcndtm 2972bQ)
jJsbf JflAfHfsh W [cLfv kfVbfq dkdb sisev …iv Ucs] j Kfjskb. (mcndtm
7650-7652bQ) jJsbf dkdb sise ifKv sh]sLsYb. (‰ 2040bQ)
`vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dhYfbf yfmVfv SkvD dYt ˆhQ kfv dHksv dYt sJucv ofsYv
sYfhVf. (hcJfvD 6456bQ)
dkdb yfƒskb zfVìvrDb W dhtfnrDb uDhb. kfƒ dkdb zfïfrv jfsY lczf j'sv
htskb,
.((3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: @ P3 : 5 ‫" א‬3 : 84 ‫ز‬1 R3 R3 4 f1 O
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬، SQ J3 4 83 R3Sb4 83 5 ‫و‬: ، SQ J3 4 83 R3S3 O
4 5 BHX1 > !‫)) א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr! zfmfsj ovDh-ldvla zh²¿fq uDdhk vfJ, ovDh zh²¿fq zfmfv
mxkAc dlsqf ˆhQ djqfmskv dlb ovDhslv nfsK zfmfv rfwv jv. (dkvdmpD 2352, nrDr
ncbfsb ƒhsb mfufr 4126bQ)
idvdmk v¢pDv ubA dkdb lc'zf jvskb,
.« IQ 6K N&'B +
: 81 @‫ل‬- :‫زق‬4 @ 4 : L
4 ‫ א‬BHX1 > !‫» א‬
ªsr zfïfr! mcrf©mfslv idvhfv-idvusbv ubA iasqfubDq uDdhjf ialfb jv.«
(hcJfvD 6460, mcndtm 2474bQ)
snƒ v¢pD dkdb sysqdYstb, pfsk sJsq-isv …äxÙ djYc bf Kfsj. pfsk LbhÙf W
db}ökfv dIkbf sKsj v[f ifWqf pfq.
ÎfkhA sp, k]fv dhNqfndÙÁrDbkf mfsb sjfbÛÁsmƒ ³hvfoAhfl bq. sjbbf,
175
`³hvfoA-nfLsb mcdÙÁ sn zfmfv bq,
znQJA háb mfsU mrfb¦lmq
tdHh mcdÙÁv öfl.'
ˆƒ dYt k]fv ifdKGh uDhsbv nfvjKf.

k]fv hDvk¶ W nfrdnjkf

hDv bhD, n{ nfrdnj bhD mcrf©mflcv vnCtcïfr . pcsÝv mqlfsb ³LspGv nfsK
zh²¿fb jsv dbHGsq wÛ¢v smfjfshtf jvf rt hDvk¶. HDdk W Ûfn sKsj zfk¹dbq§ÃB
jvf rt nfrdnjkf. ˆ nlXÈB dYt mrfbhD -ˆv. HDv¢-jficv¢Nslv lcht G öHfh
sKsj k]fv uDhb dYt hù lCsv.
mrfbhD durfl jsvsYb, r™lq, dur¶f W kvhfdv äfvf nQoafm jsvsYb. sp nh pcsÝ
dkdb nwvDsv zQwoarB jsvsYb, sn nh pcsÝv snbfidkv™si hDvsk¶v nfsK pcÝ
idvyftbf jsvsYb.
hlv pcsÝ dkdb jD HDNB nfrdnjkf ialwGb jsvsYb! z¬i nQJAj spfÝf W pcÝf²Ã
Kfjf nsÙ¶W dkdb mrfb zfïfrv …iv Hvnf svsJ wÛ¢v smfjfshtfv ubA ia²k Â
rsqsYb.
hlv pcsÝv iafKdmj dbqk pcÝ dYt bf. zk}iv mÄfv jcvfƒwlt pJb zfnsk
tfot ˆhQ pcÝ zhwAýfhD rsq iVt, kJb zh²¿fv ˆƒ zfjdn¹j Hqfhr idvhkGsbv
sia[fise vfnCtïc fr …¤y ipGfsqv ˆj nfmdvj ivfmwG nHfv zfsqfub
jvstb. …ÙÁ nHfq dkdb hkGmfb nQjeubj idvd²¿dk dhsw½NB iChj G sbkx²¿fbDq W
nfLfvB ³ndbjslv nsÌ mk dhdbmq jvstb. zh²¿fv ˆƒ zfjd±mj smfV idvhkGsbv
Ist zfnâ vÙÁ[qD nQOsNGv jKf zhok rsq ˆjde lstv r™{j©i …id²¿k rt. ˆƒ
ltde n©isjG zfïfr kfzftf sOfNBf jvstb,
MZ+
: !ْ ‫ א‬R3 5h: !K 3‫~ د‬
: V1 (٥) :‫\ ن‬1 @ J5 !5 : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:78M ً nV@ 5 B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: MZ+
: !ْ /3 5hb3 4 /: 738 5h/2: 5hL
: :;
4 5 ': P5 }
‫ ل‬Y ‫( א‬٦) {:‫ون‬1 ƒK S:V H4 \1 ‫و‬: 3U4 ': !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A :‫ ن‬6K : V1 ': B5‚P5 :7B :I: 8: :&4 /:
zKGf{, (pcÝté n©islv hAfifvef Wvf iY¦l jsvdb) spmb skfmfv iadkiftj
skfmfsj skfmfv oxr rsk bAfqHfsh shv jsvdYstb, zKy mc'dmbslv ˆjlt snef
iY¦l jsvdb. nkA ±ióHfsh iajfdwk rWqfv ivW kfvf skfmfv nfsK dhksjG dtå rq,
(msb rs¤Y) kfvf spb mxkAc v dlsj yfdtk rs¤Y ˆhQ kfvf spb kf iakA[ jvsY.
(‚bXIft } 5-6)
dj§Â nfmdvj hfdrbDv sbkx²¿fbDq stfjslv mLA sKsj zfhc hfjXv …sE lf]Vfstb
ˆhQ zdk ym{jfv jKf htstb. zk}iv …mfv …Estb ˆhQ dkdbW zdk …Ùm
jKf htstb. kfviv dmjlfl ƒhbc zfmXv …sE lf]dVsq zfvp jvstb, sr zfïfrv
vfnCt! zfïfr kfzftf zfibfsj sp iK ialwGb jsvsYb, sn isK zfidb ytsk Kfjcb.
zfmvf nhGfh²¿fq zfibfv nsÌ vsqdY zfïfrv jnm! zfmvf zfibfsj ‰ jKf hth bf,
 176
sp jKf hbD ƒnaf„t mCnfsj hstdYt,
"&s ‫( א‬٢٤) {:‫ون‬1&3 65 S:\1 \: B@A I3 n5 5 5h/2: ‫و‬: :9 5 d
4 \: ‫ذ‬4 ‫}א‬
ªkcdm W skfmfv iadkiftj pfW ˆhQ pcÝ jv, zfmvf ˆJfsbƒ hsn Kfjh.« (mfsqlfr
24 zfqfk)
dj§Â zfmfslv hAfifv dHâ. zfmvf hvQ hth `zfidb W zfibfv iaHc pcÝ jv¢b,
zfmvf nhGfh²¿fq zfibfslv nsÌ sKsj pcÝ jvh.' dpdb zfibfsj ˆj mrf nkAnr
siavB jsvsYb kfv wiK! pdl zfidb zfmfslvsj (lCvhkGD ˆtfjf) `hfjGct domfl'
ipG§À dbsq pfb khcW zfmvf iKsvfLjfvDslv nsÌ pcÝ jvsk jvsk zfibfv nsÌ
snJfsbW omb jvh.
vfnCtïc fr kf]slv n©isjG …Ùm jKf htstb ˆhQ kfslv ubA lczf jvstb. ˆƒ
dkbub sbkfƒ dYstb mcrfduv. snbfhfdrbDsk zfbnfvslv kctbfq mcrfduv ³nsbAv
nQJAf dYt zsbj jm. vfnctcïfr zfbnfvslvW mkfmk ufbfv iasqfub shfL
jvstb. sjbbf, snbfhfdrbDsk nQJAfq kf]vfƒ dYstb zdLj ˆhQ pcsÝv hAqHfv
hrsbv yfiW dYt iajk x is[ kf]slv Wisvƒ shwD. zhwA zfjfhfv hfƒzfskv öDjxdk
mckfdhj mlDbfv hfƒsv dosq pcÝ jvf kfslv ubA zidvrfpG dYt bf. …ÙÁ siad[sk
dkdb …idv-…ÙÁ dkb mrfb sbkfv hÙÁhA swfbfv iv icbvfq htstb, ª…id²¿k
ëfkxhx¦l! hkGmfb zh²¿fv idvsiad[sk zfmfslv jvBDq n©isjG skfmvf zfmfsj
ivfmwG lfW.«
zfbnfvslv …sÜAswƒ dkdb ˆƒ jKfÈdt htstb. zfbnfv zdLbfqj W
ikfjfhfrj sbkf nf'l ƒhbc mczfp vfnctcïfr -ˆv ˆƒ jKfv iajk x kf{ipG
zbcLfhb iChj G zfvu jvstb, `sr zfïfrv vfnct! msb rq zfidb zfmfslv mkfmkƒ
ufbsk yfs¤Yb?'
iakAc Ùsv vfnCtïc fr htstb, ªr]Af.«
kJb dkdb htstb, `zfmvf skf zfibfv …iv „mfb ˆsbdY, zfibfv nkAkf öDjfv
jsvdY ˆhQ ˆ nf[A dlsqdY sp, zfidb pf djYc dbsq ˆsnsYb nhƒ nkA ˆhQ sn nh swfbf
W mfbA jvfv iv zfmvf zfibfsj iadkwa¢dk dlsqdY. nckvfQ sr zfïfrv vfnCt! zfidb
pf ƒ¤Yf jvsYb, kf iCvBfsKG n©mcsJ zoanv rsq pfb. dpdb zfibfsj nkA nr siavB
jsvsYb kfv wiK! zfidb zfslw jvst zfmvf …Ùft nfosvW U]fi dlsk ifdv.
uoskv lcoGmkm ²¿fbsjW illdtk jvsk ifdv. ƒbwfzfïfr! zfmfslv ˆjub stfjW
diYsb Kfjsh bf. pcÝ-dhoasr zfidb zfmfslvsj iakA[ jvshb nfrnD W dbHGDj hDv
icv¢sNv HCdmjfq. n©Hhk} zfïfr kfzftf zfibfsj zfmfslv mfsU ˆmb ³bicBA ialwGb
jvshb, pf iakA[ jsv zfibfv y[cäq wDkt rsq pfsh. nckvfQ spJfsb ƒ¤Yf zfidb
zfmfslvsj dbsq ytcb. zfïfr kfzftf zfmfslv jfsujsmG hvjk lfb jv¢b.'
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY sp, nf'l ƒhbc mczfp vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dbje zfvu jvstb,
`zfidb rqskf zfwQjf jvsYb sp, zfbnfvoB kfslv wrsv sKsjƒ ðLc zfibfsj
nfrfpA jvf jkGhA msb jvsY? ˆ jfvsB zfdm kfslv i[ sKsj htdY ˆhQ kfslv
i[ sKsjƒ …Ùv dld¤Y sp, zfibfv spJfsb ƒ¤Yf rq ytcb, pfv nsÌ ƒ¤Yf n©ijG dEj
177
vfJcb ˆhQ pfv nsÌ ƒ¤Yf n©ijG dYâ jv¢b. zfmfslv Lb n©il rsk sp idvmfB ƒ¤Yf
oarB jv¢b ˆhQ pf ƒ¤Yf sYsV dlb. ksh specjc zfidb oarB jvshb, kf zfmfslv dbje
specjc sYsV slshb kfv yfƒsk zdLj iY¦lbDq rsh. zfv ˆ hAfifsv zfidb sp Ifqnftf
jvshb zfmfslv Ifqnftf kfvƒ zbcnfvD rsh. zfïfrv jnm! zfidb pdl zoanv rsq
`hfjGtc domfl' ipG§À yst pfb, kfrstW zfmvf zfibfv ns̃ pfh. zfv pdl zfidb
zfmfslv dbsq ‰ nmcsla U]fdisq iVsk yfb, ksh zfmvfW kfsk U]fdisq iVh.
nf'slv ˆ jKf ðsb vfnctcïfr -ˆv syrfvf mchfvj zfbs¦l …϶t rsq …Et.
dkdb htstb,
.(‫ م‬n!‫ ع א‬#8 ÄA ƒ R ‚J! %‫ א‬، bYs Œ!‫ א‬x&OA R & ‫& و‬6 %‫ ‘ن א‬،%‫ א‬P / ‫) •وא‬
ªystf ˆhQ zfbd¦lk dysÙ yt. zfïfr zfmfv nsÌ lcsef lstv mLA rsk ˆjdev
Wqflf jsvsYb. zfïfrv jnm! zfdm spb ˆ nmq (jfsIv) n©ialfsqv hLAHCdm slJsk
ifd¤Y.« (zfv-vfrDj¶t c mfJkCm 373-375ix})
lclfG §À n{ nfrn W mrfb iadkiftsjv iadk ‰jfd§Àj Hvnf k]fsj snƒ pcsÝ uqD
jvt.
dkdb dYstb dbHGDj hDv. zftD hstb, `hlsvv dlb zfmvf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
zfVfst zfwaq dbsqdYtfm. wÛ¢v dlsj dkdbƒ dYstb zfmfslv yfƒsk shdw dbjehkGD.
sndlb dkdbƒ dYstb hDv-dhÛÁmwftDslv ˆjub.' (zfrmfl 654, 1042, rfsjm, ƒhsb zfhD
wfƒhfr 32614bQ)
zftD zfsvf hstsYb, `pcÝ pJb kDha rsq …Ek ˆhQ …Hq i[ tVfƒsq dtå rk,
zfmvf kJb vfnCtïc fr -ˆv zfVfst dbsuslvsj h]fyfhfv syóf jvkfm. Ist dkdb
YfVf zfmfslv msLA sj… wÛ¢v zdLj dbjehkGD Kfjk bf.' (rfsjm 2633, zfhC qAf'tf 302bQ)
…ùl pcsÝv dlsbW dkdb lCvldwGkf W hDvsk¶v nfsK ³nbA-dhbAfn jsv pcÝ jsvdYstb.
wÛ¢i[ ivfuq hvB jsv diYc resk ðv¢ jsvdYt. dj§Â mcndtmslv ˆjde lstv
Hcstv jfvsB icbvfq pcsÝv kDhakf shsV sot. pcÝfhnfsbv jKf sOfNBf jvfv zfsoƒ
snbfidkv dbslGw tQOb jsv djYc kDv¦lfu snbf dbsuslv dbLGfdvk ²¿fb kAfo
jsvdYstb. zfnst k]fvf LfvBf jsvdYstb, pcÝ swN. Ist wÛ¢i[ ncspfo sisq diYb
sKsj rfmtf jvt. mcndtmoB YÛHÌ rsq iVstb. Ist wÛ¢ zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv
jfsY si]ZYsk n[m rt. k]fv …iv zfÛÁmB rt. zfOfsk k]fv dbsyv syfqfstv Ffb
dlsjv (dEj mfsUv ifw¶hG kGD) lcde l]fk sHsÌ sot ˆhQ k]fv jift dh[k rt. syfe
tfot k]fv syrfvfq. ofstv …idv zQsw dwv²ÃfsBv lcde jVf Tcsj sot.. kf l]fk dlsq
kctsk dosq zfhC …hfƒlf -ˆv mfsUv l]fk lcde sHsÌ sot.
mrfb snbfidk mcndtm snbfsj ufâfskv ncnQhfl dlsq iafBiB pcsÝ …äcÝ jvstb.
ˆƒ pcsÝ dkdb dbu rfsk ˆjmfÛ …hfƒ dhb JftfIsj hwGfv zfOfk äfvf rkAf jsvb.
ùbfƒb pcsÝ mcndtmvf jfsIvslv kDv-hNGsBv nfmsb lxPil Kfjsk ifvstb bf.
k]fvf diYc resk ðv¢ jvst hDv snbfidk vfnCtcïfr ˆjde zw¶kvDsk nWqfv rsq
spfÝfslvsj zfrhfb jvsk ðv¢ jvstb. k]fslv msb nfrn W lxPkf nxdó
jvfv …sÜswA htsk tfostb,
 178
.« d4 3Œ> '1 !ْ ‫ א‬3&4 : 17/4 ‫ א‬:5 $4 3WP5 5? 2 3 SB!‫ א‬:5 »
zKGf{, zfdm bhD, ˆef dmKAf bq. zfdm zfèct mcÙf¶ dtshv n§Àfb.
mrfb zfïfrv jfsY lczf jsv htsk tfostb,
.« 5g: #4 : ‫ل‬4 TM : BHX1 > !‫» א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr skfmfv dhuq zhkDBG jv. (hcJfvD, mcndtm 4716bQ)
sndlb dkdbƒ dYstb mrfhDv. spfÝfoB k]fv zfVfstƒ pcÝ jvstb. idvswsN dhuq
zhkDBG rt.
k]fv yfyf zfêfn dhb mcÙfdth sn pcsÝv hBGbf dlsq hstb, zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
nsÌ ùbfƒb pcsÝ …id²¿k dYtfm. zfdm W zfhC ncIXqfb dhb rfsvn dhb zfèct mcÙfdth
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv nfsK nfsK Kfjsk tfotfm. zfmvf k]fv dbje sKsj ixKj rtfm bf.
(sn nmq) vfnCtïc fr ˆjde nflf J¤ysvv …iv nWqfv dYstb. kfviv pJb
mcntmfb W mcwdvjslv msLA kcmct pcÝ ðv¢ rt ˆhQ (iaKmk}) mcntmfbvf ixôialwGb
j'sv (vBHCdm sYsV) yst sot, kJb zfïfrv vnCt öDq J¤yvsj jfsIvslv dlsj
dbsq pfhfv ubA ifsqv zfOfk rfbstb. zfv zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv J¤ysvv tfofm
Lsv dYtfm. kfsj Lsv Kfmfd¤Ytfm pfsk la¢k shso bf yst. zbA dlsj zfhC ncIXqfb
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv (nWqfvDv) if-lfb Lsv dYt. nckvfQ vfnCtcïfr htstb, ªsr
zfêfn! hfhtf ofY kst `dvpWqfb' hfqzfkjfvDslvsj Ffj lfW.« zfêfn
…¤yjsØv zdLjfvD dYstb. dkdb hstb, nckvfQ zfdm …¤y ösv sr]sj httfm,
`hfhtf ofY kst hfqzfkjfvDvf sjfKfq?' zfïfrv jnm! pJb kfvf zfmfv jØL¶db
ðbsk sit, kJb ofHD spmb kfv hf¤yfv wè ðsb kfv dlsj la¢k odksk dIsv pfq,
dEj skmdb kfvf la¢k odksk dIsv ˆt. kfvf hst …Et, `zfmvf rfduv zfdY, zfmvf
rfduv zfdY.' kfviv zfhfv kfslv W jfsIvslv msLA kcmt c nQONG ytsk Kfjt. sn
nmq zfbnfvslvsj nfLfvBHfsh Ffj slWqf rt, `sr zfbnfvoB! sr zfbnfvoB!'
kfviv zfrhfb sjht rfsvn ƒhsb Jfpvfu sofsÛv stfsjslv mfsU nDdmk rt.
zk}iv vfnCtïc fr J¤ysvv …iv sKsjƒ vBs[sÛv dlsj kfjfstb. dkdb spb
nfmdvj nQOsNGv jtfsjZwt W hDvsk¶v lxwA olGfb hfdVsq zhstfjb jvdYstb. dkdb
htstb, ªpcÝ kcsÌ …Efv W nfQOfdkj v™i LfvB jvfv ˆefƒ nmq.« zk}iv dkdb
djYc jf]jv rfsk dbsq jfsIvslv mcsJv dlsj dbs[i jvstb ˆhQ htstb,
ªmcrf©mfslv vshv wiK! Wvf (jfsIvvf) ivfduk rsq sosY.« zfdmW slJtfm sp,
pcÝ iCBk G f W …sÙubfv ipGfsq si]ZsY sosY. zfïfrv jnm! pJdb dkdb ‰ jf]jvÈdt
jfsIvslv dlsj dbs[i jvstb, kJdb zfdm db°itj sbsÛ slJsk Kfjtfm sp, kfslv
wdÙÁ ÛÁmw} jsm pfs¤Y ˆhQ kfslv hAfifvef ixô ialwGb jvfv ipGfsq siZ]sY sosY.
(mcndtm 4719bQ)
…tfmfoB hstb, pcÝ ytfjftDb nmsq zw¶kvDv …isv nWqfv rsq pcÝ idvyftbf
jvf dhwft hDvsk¶v idvyq. dhswN jsv snƒ nmq, sp nmsq öis[v spfÝfoB diYc
resk ðv¢ jsvb.
179
dkdb dbHGDj nfrdnj dYstb, ˆ jKfv iamfB ifWqf pfq zfsvf ˆ hBGbfq. zfbfn
hstb, bhD dYstb nhfv sysq shdw Hfstf mfbcN, nhfv sysq shdw lfkf mfbcN ˆhQ
nhfv sysq shdw hDv mfbcN. ˆj vfsÛ mlDbfv stfsjvf zfkdËk rt. stfsjvf wsèv
dlsj zoanv rt. slJt, bhD kfslv zfso wsèv dlsj si]ZsY zfsYb. zfv dkdb
htsYb,
.(‫ א‬1 ‫א‬: I1 74 !5 ‫ א‬1 ‫א‬: I1 74 !5 )
zKGf{, Hsqv djYc sbƒ, Hsqv djYc sbƒ.
dkdb zfhC kftrfv ˆjde bo´ sOfVfv …iv nWqfv zfsYb. kfv …iv dubsifw dYt
bf, zfv k]fv olGfsb Uctfsbf dYt kvhfdv. (hcJfvD 6033, mcndtm 6146bQ)
dkdb dYstb mrfbhD mrfhDv. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv ³LpGwDtkf
mrfbhD dYstb äDsbv lf„. idvshsw bkcb lfWqfskv lf„. zdLjfQw mfbcN k]fv
wÛ¢ rsq sot. hù-„w¶vhflDslv mfsU ˆsjw¶vhfslv lfWqfk dlst kfvf dj nrsu
smsb sbq? kfƒ ðv¢ rt iadkhfl, hfLf, iastfHb, ùmdj, nQOfk. iasqfub iVt ³LspGv.
jfsIvslv dbpGfksbv dwjfv rstb. ³LpG Lvstb ³LpGwDt bhD. k]fv dwwAslv iadk
zkAfyfv ðv¢ rt, kfskW dkdb ³LpG Lvstb. k]fv uDhbƒ ³LpG-nsrAv ifKv dlsq oVf.
k]fv jó dYt nhfv yfƒsk hV jó. k]fv ³LpG dYt nhfv yfƒsk shdw ³LpG.
mrfbhD hstb, ªpJb skfmfslv msLA sj… mnDhkoa²À rsh, kJb sn spb zfmfv
mnDhskv jKf ±mvB jsv (nf§À¶bf sbq). jfvB, sn mnDhk rt nhfv yfƒsk hV
mnDhk.« (ƒhsb nf'l, nrDùt ufsm' 347bQ)
nf'l hstb, ˆjlf zfdm duÎfnf jvtfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! nhsysq dhiloa²À
jfvf rq?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªnjt mfbcN zsi[f bhDoBƒ zdLjkv jdEb
dhislv n©mcJDb rb. zk}iv k]fslv sysq dbm´mfsbv hAdÙÁ ˆhQ kfviv kfslv sysq
dbm´mfsbv hAdÙÁoB zsi[fjxk rf¬jf dhisl zfÛÁf§À rb. mfbcNsj kfv äDsbv (iCBk G fv)
idvmfB zbcpfqD dhiloa²À jvf rq; nckvfQ kfv äDsb pdl muhcdk Kfsj, ksh (sp
idvmfB muhcdk zfsY) dEj snƒ idvmfB kfv dhilW jdEb rsq Kfsj. zfv pdl kfv
äDsb lcht G kf Kfsj, ksh kfv äDb zbcpfqD kfv dhilW (rf¬jf) rq. iv§Â dhil ˆsn
ˆsn hf¦lfv swsN ˆƒ zh²¿f rq sp, sn umDsb ytf sIvf jsv zKy kfv sjfb ifi
zhdwó Kfsj bf.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 992 bQ)
ˆƒ drnfsh mrfbhD -ˆv ³LpG dYt nhsysq shdw. k]fv jó W hftf-mnDhk dYt
nhfv yfƒsk shdw, kfƒ skf mrfb zfïfr k]fsj dbslGw dlsqdYstb,
!> @A ‫„ א‬1:ْ V: H4 !5 :‫ون‬1&: V1 8: :‫ون‬4 : V: :‫م‬4 V: H4 X1 B5‚P5 H4 X1 !> ~
3 4 b:4 I: !5 ‫و‬: @ 1 2 !‫ א‬:783 @‫م‬T4 : !ْ ‫! א א‬K ‫و‬4 K : :,
: ': P5 4 3 ,
4 5}
nO ‫( " א‬٣٥) {:‫ ن‬nK 3 Y5 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫م‬4 n5 !ْ ‫@ >! א‬A Kh5 X4 V1 4 X: 5 ‫ <غ‬5 /: ٍ X: B 7M8 ً : :
ªzkˆh kcdm ³LpGLfvB jv, spmb ³LpGLfvB jsvdYt lxP-iadkÎ vnCtoB ˆhQ
 180
kfslv ubA (wfd²À iafKGbfq) kfVfkfdV jsvf bf. kfslvsj sp dhNsq nkjG jvf rsqsY,
kf spdlb kfvf iakA[ jvsh, sndlb kfslv msb rsh, kfvf spb dlhsnv ˆj lsàv
shwD ixdKhDsk zh²¿fb jsvdb. ˆ rt sOfNBf. nkAkAfoD n©ialfq hAkDk zbA
jf…sjW L¶Qn jvf rsh bf.« (‚rXjf¶ I } 35)
H n!‫( " א‬٤٨) {‫ <م‬ƒK Jْ 8: : \1 ‫و‬: x:‫ د‬: ‫ذ‬4 @A 3U + 1 !ْ ‫ א‬3dO 3 # : P5 7KJI: !5 ‫و‬: 5h/M: @HJْ + 1 !3 4 3 ,
4 5}
ªzkˆh kcdm ³LpGLfvB jv skfmfv iadkiftsjv dbslGswv zsi[fq, kcdm dkdm-
Wqftf (ƒ…bcn)ˆv mk zSLpG rsqf bf, pJb sn dhNfl zf¤Yâ zh²¿fq jfkv iafKGbf
jsvdYt.« (j¸ftfm } 48)
‫ ن‬z‫( " א‬٢٤) {‫א‬Q YK P5 ‫و‬4 5 'Q ‰3 - H4 X1 S4 83 Š4 Œ3 I1 !5 ‫و‬: 5h/M: H@ Jْ + 1 !3 4 3 , 4 5}
ªnckvfQ ³LspGv nfsK skfmfv iadkiftsjv Ifqnftfv iakD[f jv ˆhQ kfslv msLA
sp ifdiô zKhf zdhw¶fnD kfv zfbcokA jsvf bf.« (lfrv } 24)
• V " (١٠٩) {: '3 P3 + : !ْ ‫ א‬1 4 ;
: : \1 ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬:HJK +
4 V: : bBO: 4 3,4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬5h4 !5 @A O : V1 8: Š4 3 IB‫א‬:‫}و‬
ªskfmfv iadk pf iakAfslw rsqsY kcdm kfv zbcnvB jv ˆhQ zfïfrv Ifqnftf bf
zfnf ipG§À ³LpG LfvB jv. zfv dkdb nhGswaô Ifqnftflfkf.« (ƒ…bcn } 109)
5g1 4 ,
: 8: ‫و‬: 4 3 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫( و‬١٢٦) :7V /3 #
B !q < 4 ;
: : X1 !5 H4 I14 :,
: 73^!5 ‫و‬: 3*/3 H1b4 63 1 8: @ „4 '3 /3 ْ‫ א‬163 : 5 H4 b14 65 : ‫ن‬4 @A‫و‬: }
+S!‫( " א‬١٢٧) { :‫ون‬1 JK '4 V: 'B 8M Zٍ 4 k : R3 KhI: 5?‫و‬: H4 X@ 4 5 : ‫ن‬4 T: +
4 I: 5?‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 >?@A
ªpdl skfmvf iadkswfL oarB jv, kfrst dEj kkJfdb jvsh pkJfdb zbAfq
skfmfslv iadk jvf rsqsY. zfv pdl skfmvf SLpGLfvB jv, kfrst zhwAƒ SLpGwDtslv
ubA snefƒ …Ùm. kcdm SLpGLfvB jv; zfv skfmfv SLpG skf rsh zfïfrvƒ nfrfspA.
kfslv (zdhw¶fsnv) ubA kcdm lc}J jsvf bf ˆhQ kfslv NVps§Ã kcdm mb}[cB´ rsqf
bf.« (bfrXt } 126-127)
8T ‫( " א‬١٠) { ً '3 L
: ‫א‬Q ~
4 \: H4 \1 4 ~
1 \4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬:‫! ن‬K nK V: 8: 5 : 4 3 , 4 ‫وא‬: }
ªstfsj pf hst, kfsk kcdm SLpGLfvB jv ˆhQ snZubA nrjfsv kfslvsj idvrfv
j'sv yt.« (mcpXpfd©mt } 10)
us¦mv zfso dikf rfdvsqsYb. ³wwsh mfkfsj rfvfstb. ˆkDm rsq ³LpGLfvB
jvstb. uDhsbv wk jsó nhv jvstb.
bhczkiafå rstb. lfWqfk W iayfsvv ubA zfdló rstb. sofisb lfWqfk dlsk
tfostb. zk}iv zfslw ˆt,
~(‫( " א‬٩٤) {: P3 @ f4 '1 !ْ ‫@ א‬7: ‫ض‬ 4 @ 4 5 ‫و‬: 1 8: —4 I1 ': /3 ‫ع‬4 :&,
4 5}
zKGf{, zkˆh kcdm sp dhNsq zfdló rsqY, kf iajfswA iayfv jv ˆhQ
zQwDhflDslvsj …si[f jv. (druXv } 94)
ðv¢ rt nQOfk. ˆjde iCBG siZÙdtj idvshsw pdl mCdkGiu C f huGb jvfv lfWqfk
slWqf rq, kfrst snJfbjfv isK j]fef skf dhYfbf rshƒ. `ifot' htf rsh, zfsvf
jk wk zihfl dlsq lf„sj dbhxÙ jvfv zisyóf jvf rsh.
zjcskfHq bhD khcW [f§À rbdb. jfsIvslv jólfsb ³LpG LsvsYb. kfslv
181
zkAfyfv W lchAG hrfv nrA jsvsYb. zfhfvW kWrDslv lfWqfk dlsqsYb. ªsr stfj
njt! skfmvf `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' ht, idvÛfB ifsh.«
mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj dbslGw ˆt,
‫ א‬f!‫( " א‬٢١٤) {: /3 : 6ْ 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬5hI:•
: f3 : 4 3W 5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm skfmfv dbjefk¹Dqslvsj nkjG jv. (nCvf ðzfvf 214 zfqfk)
nckvfQ dkdb n¶fIf ihGsk ysV dy{jfv jsv htsk tfostb, ªù]dwqfv! ù]dwqfv!«
stfsjvf htt, `sj dy{jfv jsv nkjG jsv?' sj… sj… htt, `mcrf©mfl.' dkdb
htsk tfostb, ªWsr hfbD zmcj! Wsr hfbD zmcj! Wsr hfbD zmcj! Wsr hfbD zfsè
mfbfI! Wsr hfbD zfèct mcÙfdth!«
nksjGv ˆƒ zfrhfb ðsb njt sofÛ sKsj stfsjvf k]fv dbje umf rt. dkdb
htstb, ªzfdm pdl hdt, zw¶fsvfrD ˆj wÛ¢lt ˆƒ ifrfsVv (ziv dlsj) dbm´slsw
zfmfslv …iv zfÛÁmB yftfhfv …sÜswA shv rsqsY, zfibfvf dj zfmfv sn jKfq
dhw¶fn jvshb?« njst hst …Et, `zfmfslv zdHÎkfq zfibfsj jJsbf dmKAf
htsk ðdbdb.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ðbcb! zfdm zfibfslvsj jsEfv wfd²À zfok
rWqfv hAfifsv nkjG jvdY.«
k]fv ˆ jKf ðsb zfhC tfrfh hst …Et, `nhGbfw srfj skfv! ˆ ubAƒ dj
zfmfslvsj umfsqk jsvdYn?' zk}iv sn …sE ia²¿fb jvt. zfv ˆvƒ sia[fise
zhkDBG rt nCvf tfrfh }
& ‫( " א‬١) {BdI:‫و‬: NdX: !5 R3/5 ‫א‬:&V: 9 4 BI:}
zKGf{, zfhC tfrfshv r²Àäq L¶Qn srfj, L¶Qn srfj sn dbsu.-- (hcJfvD 4770, mcndtm 529bQ)
ˆviv jcvfƒw iaskAj snƒ hAdÙÁv …iv zkAfyfv ðv¢ jsv dlt, sp mrfbhD -
ˆv iadk „mfb zfbt. lcht G mcdmbslvsj wfd²À dlsk tfot.
pJb zkAfyfsvv idvdL hfVsk tfot, kJb dkdb k]fslvsj rfhwf (zfdhdndbqf)sk
druvk jvsk zfslw jvstb.
ˆdlsj mrfbhD -nr k]fv sofsÛv stfsjslvsj `dw'sh zfhD kfsth' (lcƒ ifrfsVv
mLAhkGD dbyc ufqof)sk zhsvfL jsv vfJt. kfslv nfsK hfufv nr nhGij a fv hqje
hrft jvt. ˆv Ist hbD rfswsmv nQje yvmHfsh hxdÝ sit. HDNBHfsh dhiâ rsq
iVt sofsÛv nm²À stfj. ˆmbdj JflA W ifbDqv zHfsh [cLfv kfVbfq mdrtf W
dwðslv ÛÁ¦lbsvft hfƒsv sKsjW swfbf spk. ˆƒ zh²¿fq k]fvf yfmVf W ofsYv
ifkfW sJsk hfLA rsqdYstb.
zhsvfL tfofkfv 3 hYv hrft Kfjt.
jdEb zhsvfL sKsj mcdÙÁ ifWqfv 9 mfn iv mrfbhD -ˆv bhczskv lwm hsNG
k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth ƒntfm oarB bf jsvƒ mfvf sostb. zfv ˆv dEj 2 mfn isvƒ
siammqD ²ÃD JflDufW ƒrstfj kAfo jvstb. mrfbhD ytfv isK (zfïfrv iviv)
nfrfpAjfvD W ixôsifNj lcƒ mrfb hAdÙÁk¶sj rfdvsq hnstb. kJbW dkdb jk ³LpG
LfvB jvstb.
 182
yfyf zfhC kfstshv mxkcAv iv zfïfrv bhD -ˆv iadk zkAfyfsvv mfÛf shsV sot.
zfïfrv n§Âdó tfsHv isK mrfiadklfsbv zfwf svsJ dkdb njt jó hvB jsv dbstb.
ƒhsb ƒnrfj hstb, zfhC kfstshv mxkcAv iv jcvfƒwlt zfïfrv bhD -sj
uDhbf§Àjv jó dlsk ðv¢ jvt.
hcJfvD W mcndtsm hdBGk sp, ˆjlf dkdb (jf'hfv ifsw) bfmfp iVdYstb. zbdk
lCsv isV dYt (pshr jvfv iv) …ebDv oHGfwq. (mdrtfv spefsj Ict htf rq. zfhC
ufrstv zfslwÛÁsm) …jhfr dhb zfhD mczfƒk¶ kf …dEsq ˆsb dnulfvk mrfbhD -
ˆv disE yfdisq dlt. dkdb dnulfq vk Kfjstb. swN ipG§À k]fv jbAf Ifdkmf ˆsn kf
k]fv diE sKsj ndvsq sItstb. zk}iv dkdb …sE bfmfp swN jsv jcvfƒswv ubA
hÜczf jsv htstb, ªsr zfïfr! kcdm jcvfƒswv ‰ sofôDsj L¶Qn jv.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm
1794bQ)
hcJfvDsk zfsY sp, ˆjlf …ÙÁ …jhfr dhb zfhD mczfƒk¶ mrfbhD -ˆv hfùsk
Lsv k]fv OfsV yflv si]dysq k]fv w¶fnsvfL jsv sIst. kf slsJ zfhC hfjXv Ycse ˆsn
kfsj ndvsq sIst hstb, kcƒ dj ˆmb ˆj hAdÙÁsj rkAf jvsk yfnX, sp `zfïfr
zfmfv iaHc' hst? (hcJfvD 3678bQ)
ƒntfsmv lfWqfk dbsq dkdb kfsqsI sostb. snJfsb iakAfJAfk rsq iar™k rstb.
vÙÁfÙÁ slsr dIsv ˆstb. kfsqIhfnDv zkAfyfsv ³LpG LfvB jvstb, khcW kfslv
dhv¢sÝ hÜczf jvstb bf.
Jfêfh ƒhsb zfvfÙX hstb, zfmvf zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv jfsY zdHspfo jvtfm
(ˆmkfh²¿fq) sp, dkdb jf'hf Osvv Yfqfq ˆjde yflsv sEn dlsq dhwafm dbd¤Ystb.
zfmvf mcwdvjslv dlj sKsj bfbf jó ifd¤Ytfm. zfmvf httfm sp, `zfidb dj
zfmfslv ubA (zfïfrv jfsY) nfrfpA yfƒshb bf? zfidb dj zfmfslv ubA lczf
jvshb bf?' dkdb …sE hnstb ˆhQ k]fv syrfvf tft rsq sot. htstb, ª(skfmfslv
ufbf …dyk sp,) skfmfslv iCshGjfv (mc'dmb) stfsjslv ˆƒ zh²¿f dYt sp, ˆjde
mfbcNsj Lsv zfbf rk, kfv ubA okG Jcs] V kfsj kfv msLA (i]csk) vfJf rk. zk}iv
kfv mfKfv …iv jvfk yfdtsq kfsj lc'J× j'sv slWqf rk ˆhQ slsrv mfQsnv dbsy
rfV ipG§À stfrfv dyv¢bD yfdtsq wfd²À slWqf rk. dj§Â ˆƒ (jsEfv ivD[f) kfsj kfv
äDb sKsj sIvfsk ifvk bf. zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr dbÇyq ˆƒ hAfifvdesj (äDb
ƒntfmsj) ˆmb ncn©iâ jvshb sp, ˆjub zfsvfrD nfbzf' sKsj rfpvfmf…k ˆjfƒ
nIv jvsh; dj§Â sn (vf²Àfq) zfïfr ˆhQ dbu Yfostv …iv sbjsVv zfÛÁmB YfVf
zbA jf…sj Hq jvsh bf. dj§Â skfmvf kfVfùsVf jvY.« (hcJfvD 3612, 3852, 6943bQ)
mcwdvjslv nfsK nQOfk ðv¢ rt. ƒntfm wdÙÁwftD rst zkAfyfsvv iadkswfL
sbWqfv iftf ˆt. pcÝ hfLt. rkfrskv [dksk dkdb ³LpG LfvB jvstb.
…ùslv pcsÝ 70 ub nÌDsj wrDl jvf rt. k]fv zfib yfyfsj rkAf jvf rt, ˆj
mdrtf k]fv jdtuf shv j'sv dydhsq sItt! kf slsJ dkdb ³LpGLfvB jvstb.
sndlb dkdb vÙÁfÙÁ W [k-dh[k rstb. k]fv l]fk sHsÌ sot. snJfsb dkdb ³LpG
Lvstb.
183
ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, zfdm spb (ˆJsbf) vfnCtcïfr -sj bhDslv msLA ˆj bhDv
Oebf hBGbf jvsk slJdY, kf]v n©ialfq kf]sj vÙÁfÙÁ j'sv dlsqsY, zfv dkdb kf]v
syrfvf sKsj vÙÁ mcYsYb ˆhQ htsYb, ªsr zfïfr! kcdm zfmfv n©ialfqsj [mf j'sv
lfW. sjbbf kfvf zÎ.« (hcJfvD 3477, mcndtm 4747bQ)
ƒhsb mfn…l zfsvf hstb, ùbfƒb pcsÝv odbmskv mft h¦esb vfnCtcïfr djYc
stfjsj (kfslvsj zfjxó jvfv ubA) iafLfbA dlstb (zKGf{, zbA stfsjv kctbfq
kfslvsj shwD mft dlstb). nckvfQ dkdb zfj¶vf' ƒhsb rfshnsj ˆjwk …e dlstb
ˆhQ …qfƒbf ƒhsb drnXbsjW kfvƒ mk dlstb. zbcv™i zfvshv zfsvf djYc níf§À
mfbcNsjW sndlb (mft) h¦esb iafLfbA dlstb. (ˆ slsJ) ˆjde stfj htt, `zfïfrv
jnm! ˆƒ h¦esb ƒbnfI jvf rqdb ˆhQ ˆsk zfïfrv ns§ÀfN tfsHv ƒ¤Yf vfJf
rqdb!' zfdm (ƒhsb mfn…l) httfm, `zfïfrv jnm! dbÇyq zfdm ˆƒ nQhfl zfïfrv
vnCt -sj slh.' zkˆh zfdm kf]v jfsY ˆsn snƒ nQhfl dltfm pf sn htt. Ist
k]fv syrfvf idvhdkGk rsq ˆmbdj tfthBG rsq sot. zk}iv dkdb htstb,
.« 1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1*> !‫ل@ א‬3&4 V: H4 !5 ‫ن‬4 @A 1‫ل‬3&4 V: 74 ': 5 »
ªpdl zfïfr W kf]v vnCt ƒbnfI bf jsvb, kfrst zfv sj ƒbnfI jvsh?«
zk}iv dkdb htstb,
.« : : #: 5 ‫א‬:W\: 74 83 : „:Pْ 5‚/3 :x3‫وذ‬K &4 65 : 81 1*> !‫ א‬1HO : 4 V: »
ªzfïfr mCnfsj vrm jv¢b, kf]sj ˆv yfƒsk shwD jó slWqf rsqdYt. dj§Â dkdb
³LpG LfvB jsvdYstb.«
zhswsN zfdm (msb msb) httfm sp, `zfdm ˆv isv sjfb jKf kf]v jfsY si]ZYfh
bf.' (hcJfvD3150, mcndtm 2494bQ)
stfsjvf k]fv siammqD ²ÃDv ydvsÛ jtsËv jfdtmf stib jvt. kfskW dkdb ³LpG
Lvstb.
jk wk jó sisqsYb mrfbhD . dj§Â spmb dkdb ³LpGLfvB jsvsYb, skmbƒ mrfb
iadkiftj k]fsj nf§Àb¶ fW dlsqsYb.
R3 ƒ« O
: H4 X1 !5 : : ~
4 V: >?5 1*’ !‫ א‬1&V@ V1 ً ^4 : :*’ !‫وאْ א‬2 1 V: 75! H4 X1 B@A @ Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3 :‫ ن‬1 @ : V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h T1 +
4 V: 5?‫و‬: }
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٧٦) {H< ƒ3 : $ < ‫א‬:W: H4 X1 !5 ‫و‬: "3 : ;
3 ª‫א‬
ªpfvf jcIvDsk wDOakf jsv, kfslv zfyvB spb skfmfsj lc}J bf slq. kfvf dbÇyq
zfïfrv sjfb [dk jvsk ifvsh bf. zfïfr ivjfst kfslvsj sjfb zQw slWqfv
ƒ¤Yf jsvb bf. zfv kfslv ubA vsqsY mrfwfd²À.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 176)
(٢٣) { @ ‫و‬1&# 2 !‫ א‬3U‫א‬:W/3 H< 3: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ‫ א‬K '3 : ': /3 H1X^1MS:S15 H4 X1 1 L3 4 8: S:4 !5 @A 1•1 Yْ PK 5h T1 +
4 V: 5 5 : Y5 P5 7:8‫و‬: }
ªsj… jfsIv rst kfv jcIvD spb skfmfsj lc}dJk bf jsv. zfmfvƒ dbje Wslv
iakAfhkGb. zk}iv Wvf pf jsvsY, zfdm Wslvsj kf zhdrk jvh. zhwAƒ z§Àsv
pf vsqsY, sn nìsá zfïfr ndhswN zhdrk.« (tcj¶mfb } 23)
738—4 I1 H4 !5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ \3 ‫א‬: ْ 5‚/3 SB8: - ْ‫! א‬K 65 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:783 @ Yْ JK !ْ ‫ א‬R3 :‫ ن‬1 @ : V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h T1 + 4 V: 5? 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
 184
"&s ‫( " א‬٤١) {ْ‫وא‬1‫\ د‬3 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:783 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /1 K 6K
ªsr vnCt! pfvf mcsJ hst, `dhÇhfn jsvdY' dj§Â z§Àsv dhÇhfnD bq W pfvf ƒqfùlD
rsqsY kfslv msLA pfvf zdhÇhfsn k{iv, kfslv zfyvB spb skfmfsj lc}J bf slq.«
(mfdqlfr } 41)
{:‫ون‬1&+
:~4 V: 3*’ !‫ א‬3U V: v3/ : '3 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: 5h: /1MWJ5 V1 5? H4 X1 B@‘5 :‫! ن‬K nK V: c3W!> ‫ א‬5h1T1 +
4 : !5 1*B@A 1H5 4 : &4 65 }
ªzfdm zhwAƒ ufdb sp, kfvf pf hst, kf skfmfsj dbdÇykƒ jó slq. zfnst kfvf
skf skfmfsj dmKAfhflD hst bf, hvQ zkAfyfdvoB zfïfrv zfqfksjƒ zöDjfv jsv.«
(‚bX‚m } 33)
• V " (٦٥) {1H 3: !ْ ‫ א‬1Š '3 B !‫ א‬: \1 Q '3 L : 3*’ !3 "5 TB 3 !ْ ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 X1 !K 4 65 5h T1 +
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ªWslv jKf spb skfmfsj lc}J bf slq. dbÇyqƒ pfhkDq wdÙÁ-n©mfb zfïfrvƒ ubA,
dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGÎfkf.« (ƒ…bcn } 65)
•--V " (٧٦) {:‫ ن‬S134 V1 8: ‫و‬: :‫ون‬2 3 V1 8: 1H5 4 : B@A H4 X1 !K 4 65 5h T1 + 4 V: 5 5 }
ªzkˆh Wslv jKf skfmfsj spb jó bf slq. zfdm skf ufdb pf Wvf sofib jsv
ˆhQ pf Wvf hAÙÁ jsv.« (ƒqfnDb } 76)
mrfb zfïfr mrfbhDv rsq iadkhfl jsvsYb, dhLfb zhkDBG jsvsYb.
ˆjlf k]fv IcIc nfdIqAfv sYst pchfƒv ˆj zfbnfvDv nsÌ udmv sny dbsq oàsoft
hfLst k]fv jfsY dhyfv dbsq ˆstb. pchfƒsvv udm dYt …isv ˆhQ zfbnfvDv udm
dbsy. zfv mrfbhD dYstb nhfv sysq shdw bAfqivfqB, zdHÎ W ivsrpofv.
dhyfsv iaw²Àkf W zfbnfvDv iadk nrfbcHCdk svsJƒ dkdb pchfƒvsj htstb, ªkcdm
ifdb zfesj vfsJf. zk}iv skfmfv sny rsq sost ifdb dbsyv iadkshwDv udmv ubA
sYsV lfW.«
dj§Â dhyfv ðsb zfbnfvD svso …sE htt, `zfibfv IcIfskf Hfƒ dj bf, kfƒ ˆƒ
Ifqnftf dlstb.'
kf ðsb vfnCtïc fr -ˆv syrfvf dhhBG rsq …Et. zk}iv jsEfv Ifqnftf dlsq
pchfƒvsj htstb, ªkcdm ifdb zfesj svsJf, pk[B bf kf udmv zft hf h]fL ipG§À
si]ZsY bf pfq. kfviv ifdb sYsV dlsqf.«
dbÇyq mrfbhD -ˆv mb Jfvfi rsqdYt. kf nsÙ¶W dkdb zfbnfvDv dhv¢sÝ sjfb
iadkdÛÁqf hAÙÁ jvstb bf. hvQ ³LpG Lvstb. zfv kfv lv¢b mrfb zfïfr zfqfk
zhkDBG jvstb,
:94 : 65 'B 8M L
Q :O
: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 R3 ْ‫وא‬1&~
3 V: ?5 BH‰1 H4 X1 S:4 /: : ~
: : ': 3 5g '1 Jq + : V1 : bBO : :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 5? 5h/M: ‫و‬: 5 5 }
S!‫( " א‬٦٥) { 'Q 34 I: ْ‫' א‬1 q : V1 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, dj§Â bf, skfmfv iadkiftsjv wiK! kfvf dhÇhfnD (mc'dmb) rsk ifvsh bf;
pk[B ipG§À kfvf kfslv dbsuslv dhhfl-dhnìfslv dhyfvHfv skfmfv …iv ziGB bf
jsv, zk}iv skfmfv dnÝf§À nìsá kfslv msb sjfb däLf bf Kfsj ˆhQ nhGf§À}jvsB
kf smsb sbq. (dbnf } 65)
185
äDb-lcdbqfv hflwf rsq dkdb uDhb-uDdhjfv jsó ³LpGLfvB jsvsYb. [cLfv kfVbfq
sise ifKv sh]sLsYb! ˆj-lcƒ mfn Lsv ˆjefbf k]fv hfdVsk ycstf u¶stdb. sjht
sJucv-ifdb W lcL sJsq jftfdkifk jsvsYb ³LpGwDt bhD .
njt bhDƒ zfïfrv isK ³LpGLfvB jsvsYb. ksh zfmfv bhD dYstb k]fslv njstv
wDsNG. mrfb zfïfrv dtdJk kjlDsvv hftf-mnDhsk dkdb ³LpGLfvB jsvdYstb, ³LpG
LsvdYstb k]fv zfslw W dbsNL iftsb. ³LpG LsvdYstb mfbcsNv jólfsb.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv nkAhfdlkf
bhDv nkAhfdlkf nìsá sjfb ns¦lr Kfjsk ifsv bf. sjfb mc'dmb skf ns¦lr
jvskƒ ifsv bf. mc'dmbslv dhw¶fn rq nfrfhD Jcpfƒmfr -ˆv mskf.
ˆjlf mrfbhD nfWqf dhb jfƒn mcrfsvhD shlc„sbv dbje sKsj ˆjde sOfVf
djbstb. dj§Â sn ‰ dhÛÁsqv jKf zöDjfv jvt ˆhQ htt, `kcdm pdl zfmfv jfsY
sOfVf djsbY, kfrst nf[D …id²¿k jv.'
ˆ jKf ðsb Jcpfƒmfr dhb nfshk nfrfhD k]fv nis[ nfd[ dlsq htstb, `ˆƒ
sOfVf skfmfv dbje sKsj …db JvDl jsvsYb.'
bhD k]fsj htstb, ªkcdm skf zfmfslv sOfVf ÛÁq-dhÛÁsqv nmq …id²¿k dYst
bf, kfrst nfd[ dlst jDHfsh?«
dkdb htstb, `zfidb pf hstb, kfskƒ zfdm zfibfsj nkAhflD hst ufdb. zfsvf
ufdb sp zfidb jJsbf dmKAf htshb bf.'
mrfbhD htstb, ªsp hAdÙÁv nis[ zKhf dhis[ Jcpfƒmfr nfd[ slsh, nfd[v
ubA sn ˆjfƒ psKó.« zfv kJb sKsjƒ k]fv …ifdL isV sot `Fht nfd[-Wqftf'
nfrfhD. (zfhC lf†l 3607, bfnf„ 4661bQ, k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm 2/22, hfƒrfjD 10/146)
zmcndtmvfW k]fsj nkAhflDv™siƒ ufbk. sn nfd[ kfvf dbsuvfƒ dlsqsY. mrfb
zfïfrv i[ sKsj mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY dbslGw ˆt,
‫ א‬f!‫( " א‬٢١٤) {: /3 : 6ْ 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬5hI:•
: f3 : 4 3W 5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm skfmfv dbjefk¹Dqslvsj nkjG jv. (nCvf ðzfvf 214 zfqfk)
nckvfQ dkdb n¶fIf ihGsk ysV dy{jfv jsv htsk tfostb, ªù]dwqfv! ù]dwqfv!«
stfsjvf htt, `sj dy{jfv jsv nkjG jsv?' sj… sj… htt, `mcrf©mfl.' dkdb
htsk tfostb, ªsr hfbD zmcj! sr hfbD zmcj! sr hfbD zmcj! sr hfbD zfsè mfbfI!
sr hfbD zfèct mcÙfdth!«
nksjGv ˆƒ zfrhfb ðsb njt sofÛ sKsj stfsjvf k]fv dbje umf rt. dkdb
htstb, ªzfdm pdl hdt, zw¶fsvfrD ˆj wÛ¢lt ˆƒ ifrfsVv (ziv dlsj) dbm´slsw
zfmfslv …iv zfÛÁmB yftfhfv …sÜswA shv rsqsY, zfibfvf dj zfmfv sn jKfq
dhw¶fn jvshb?« njst hst …Et, `zfmfslv zdHÎkfq zfibfsj jJsbf dmKAf
htsk ðdbdb.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ðbcb! zfdm zfibfslvsj jsEfv wfd²À zfok
 186
rWqfv hAfifsv nkjG jvdY.«
k]fv ˆ jKf ðsb zfhC tfrfh hst …Et, `nhGbfw srfj skfv! ˆ ubAƒ dj
zfmfslvsj umfsqk jsvdYn?' zk}iv sn …sE ia²¿fb jvt. zfv ˆvƒ sia[fise
zhkDBG rt nCvf tfrfh }
& ‫( " א‬١) {BdI:‫و‬: NdX: !5 R3/5 ‫א‬:&V: 9 4 BI:}
zKGf{, zfhC tfrfshv r²Àäq L¶Qn srfj, L¶Qn srfj sn dbsu.-- (hcJfvD 4770, mcndtm 529bQ)
nmafe drvfdjt mrfbhD -ˆv mrfwÛ¢ mcwdvjslv iadkdbdL zfhC ncIXqfbsj ˆj
iasw´ duÎfnf jsvdYstb, `skfmfslv jfsY dj k]fv bhczskv lfhDv zfso dkdb
dmKAfhflD hst zdHspfo zfsY?'
zfhC ncdIqfb hstdYt, `bf.' (hcJfvD 7, mcndtm 4707bQ)
mrfb zfïfrW sn jKfv nf[A dlsq hstsYb,
{:‫ون‬1&+
:~4 V: 3*’ !‫ א‬3U V: v3/ : '3 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: 5h: /1MWJ5 V1 5? H4 X1 B@‘5 :‫! ن‬K nK V: c3W!> ‫ א‬5h1T1 +
4 : !5 1*B@A 1H5 4 : &4 65 }
ªzfdm zhwAƒ ufdb sp, kfvf pf hst, kf skfmfsj dbdÇykƒ jó slq. zfnst kfvf
skf skfmfsj dmKAfhflD hst bf, hvQ zkAfyfdvoB zfïfrv zfqfksjƒ zöDjfv jsv.«
(‚bX‚m } 33)
dkdb dYstb mrfnkAhflD ˆhQ dkdb nkAsj Jch iY¦l jvskb. kfƒ dkdb hstsYb,
.(1*6K :&,
4 5 BR!5 A 3¢V3&+
: !ْ ‫ א‬2dO
: 5)
zKGf{, zfmfv jfsY nhsysq diaq jKf rt, pf nkA. (hcJfvD 2307bQ)
idvhfsvv sjfb hAdÙÁsj sjfb dhNsq ˆjef dmKAf htsk wcbst kfv kWhf bf jvf
ipG§À dkdb kfv iadk ³hmcJ Kfjskb. (zfrmfl, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 4675bQ)
zfv dkdb hstsYb, ªdbÇyq nkA icsBAv iK slJfq ˆhQ icBA ufâfskv dlsj dbsq
pfq. ˆjub mfbcN (zdhvk) nkA htsk Kfsj. swN ipG§À zfïfrv jfsY kfsj Jch
nkAhflD hst stJf rq. i[f§Àsv dmKAf ifsiv iK slJfq ˆhQ ifi ufrfâfsmv dlsj
dbsq pfq. ˆjub mfbcN (nhGlf) dmKAf htsk Kfsj, swN zhdL zfïfrv dbjse kfsj
mrf dmKAfhflD hst dtdihÝ jvf rq.« (hcJfvD 6094, mcndtm 6803bQ)

k]fv ƒhflk
vfnCtïc fr nhfv yfƒsk hV zfshl dYstb. k]fv ƒhflskv hBGbf dlsq mf zfsqwf
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, bhD vfdÛv ˆjfQsw (bfmfsp) ˆk lDOG[B djqfm jvskb
sp, kf]v if Icst Ifefv …iÛÁm rsq iVk. ˆjlf zfdm kf]sj httfm, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfidb ˆk jó nrA jvsYb sjb? zKy zfibfv skf iChG W isvv ÈbfrnmCrsj
[mf j'sv slWqf rsqsY.' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm dj ðjvÈpfv hf¦lf rh bf?« (hcJfvD
4837, mcndtm 7304bQ)
vfsÛ dkdb 11 vfjzfk kfrfÏcl iVskb. jJsbf iVskb 13 vfjzfk. (hcJfvD
1147, mcndtm 737bQ)
vfskv ˆƒ bfmfpsj dkdb jJsbf jJsbf ˆk lDOG jvskb sp, ˆj vfjzfsk dkdb
187
iafq i]fy ifvf jcvzfb dktfzk jvskb!
ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, `zfdm bhD -ˆv nsÌ ˆj vfsk bfmfp isVdY. dkdb ˆk
lDOG nmq lf]dVsq vƒstb sp, swN ipG§À zfdm ˆjef m¦l jfsuv ƒ¤Yf j'sv
sIstdYtfm.' ƒhsb mfn†l -sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `sn ƒ¤Yfef jD jsvdYstb?'
dkdb htstb, `zfmfv ƒ¤Yf rsqdYt sp, kf]sj sYsV dlsq hsn idV.' (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
ùpfƒIf hstb, zfdm bhD -ˆv nsÌ ˆj vfsk bfmfp iVtfm. dkdb nCvf
hfj¶fvfr zfv©H jvstb. zfdm (msb msb) httfm, `ˆjwk zfqfskv mfKfq dkdb
v¢jc jvshb.' (dj§Â) dkdb kfvivW djvfzfk yftc vfJstb. zfdm (msb msb) httfm,
`dkdb ˆvƒ äfvf (nCvf swN jsv) v¢jc jvshb.' dj§Â dkdb nCvf dbnf iVsk zfv©H
jvstb ˆhQ n©iCBG iVstb. dkdb ±ió W LDsv LDsv sktfzk jvskb. pJb ˆmb
zfqfk zfnk, pfsk kfnhDr ifE jvfv …sïJ zfsY, kJb (zfïfrv) kfnhDr ifE
jvskb. pJb sjfb iafKGbf nìdtk zfqfk zdkÛÁm jvskb, kJb dkdb zfïfrv jfsY
iafKGbf jvskb. pJb sjfb zfwaq iafKGbfv zfqfk zdkÛÁm jvskb, kJb dkdb zfwaq
iafKGbf jvskb. (zk}iv) dkdb v¢jc jvstb. nckvfQ dkdb v¢cjcsk `nchrfbf vfdêqft
zfpDm' iVsk zfv©H jvstb. zfv kf]v v¢jc W djqfm (lf]dVsq djvfzfk iVf zh²¿f)
ˆj nmfb dYt. kfviv dkdb v¢jc sKsj mfKf kcst `nfdmzfïfù dtmfb rfdmlfr, vfêfbf
ztfjft rfmXl' (zKGf{ zfïfr snƒ hAdÙÁv iawQnf ðbstb, sp kf kf]v ubA jvt. sr
zfmfslv iftbjkGf skfmfv nm²À iawQnf) iVstb. zk}iv shw djYc[B (jWmfq)
lf]dVsq Kfjstb v¢jcv jfYfjfdY nmq ucsV. kfviv nfulfr jvstb ˆhQ kfsk dkdb
iVstb, `nchrfbfïf vfdêqft zf'tf' (zKGf{ zfmfv mrfb iaHcv idhÛkf hBGbf jvdY).
zfv kf]v nfulf lDOG dYt kfv djqfm (lf]dVsq djvfzfk iVf zh²¿f)v jfYfjfdY.
(mcndtm 772bQ)
Ivp bfmfspv zfso-isv ncbfsb vfskhfr iVskb 12 vfjzfk. (mcndtm 728bQ)
sjfb sjfb dlb dkdb 10 vfjzfk iVskb. (hcJfvD 1172, mcndtm 729bQ)
yfwXskv bfmfp iVskb 4 hf kfvW shdw vfjzfk. (mcndtm 719bQ)
nckvfQ dlhfvfdÛ Ivp-nr k]fv bfmfspv smfe vfjzfk-nQJAf rskf ydïswv shdw.
(djkfhcn n¶ftfk, ƒhbct jfƒsqm 140ix})
ˆ YfVf dkdb zbAfbA zdkdvÙÁ bfmfp iVskW …{nfdrk jsvsYb …©mksj.
bfmfspv msLA dkdb `öd²À' zbcHh jvskb. (zfrmfl 23088, zfhC lf†l 8549bQ)
bfmfp dYt k]fv y[cwDktjfvD ƒhflk. (zfrmfl 12293, bfnf„ 3939bQ)
vmpfsbv svfpf YfVf dkdb iaskAj mfsnv ðj½is[v iaKm 3 dlb svfpf vfJskb.
(mcndtm 1160bQ)
iaskAj snfm W hxr±idkhfsvW svfpf vfJskb. (dkvdmpD 745, bfnf„ 2186bQ)
wf'hfb mfsnv iafq nhefƒ svfpf vfJskb. (hcJfvD 1969, mcndtm 1156bQ)
wWqft mfsnv 6de svfpf vfJsk …©mksj …äcÝ jsvsYb. (mcndtm 1164bQ)
dkdb mcrfvGfsmv 10 kfvDsJ zfwCvfv svfpf vfJskb. (hcJfvD 2000, mcndtm 1125bQ)
pctrÏ mfsnv iaKm 9 dlbW svfpf vfJskb. (zfrmfl 22334, zfhC lf†l 2437, n}
bfnf„ 2236bQ)
 188
jJsbf dkdb svfpf vfJskb, msb rskf dkdb svfpf YfVshb bf. zfhfv jJsbf dkdb
svfpf vfJskb bf, msb rskf dkdb zfv svfpf vfJshb bf. (hcJfvD 1971, mcndtm 1156bQ)
ƒIkfvD bf jsv dkdb ˆjefbf 2-3 dlb svfpf (nWsm dhnft) vfJskb.
zhwA …©mksj ˆ svfpf vfJsk dbsNL jsvsYb. (hcJfvD 1961, mcndtm 1102bQ)
dkdb Lbhfb dYstb bf. k]fv dbje pfƒ Kfjk, kfƒ lfb jvfv mfLAsm zfdKGj ƒhflk
jvskb. vmpfb mfsn dkdb shdw lfb jvskb. (hcJfvD 6, mcndtm 2308bQ)
dkdb ˆmb lfb jvskb sp, kfviv dkdb zHfhD rsq pfshb, sn Hq jvskb bf.
(mcndtm 2312bQ)
dkdb dYstb nhfv yfƒsk shdw lfbwDt. (hcJfvD 6033, mcndtm 2308bQ)
druvskv isv ˆjhfv rÏ jsvsYb. zhwA druvskv iCshG lcƒ hf kfvW shwD rÏ
jsvsYb.
dkdb …mvfr jsvsYb smfe yfvde.
hfjD k]fv hAhrfv W nQnfv uDhsbv iafq nh jmGƒ dYt ƒhflk.
ˆklXnsÙ¶W dkdb ƒhflsk zdkvÓb iY¦l jvskb bf. zhwA dkdb sp zfmt
jvskb, kf dbvhd¤YâHfsh jvskb.
dkdb htskb,
.« ‫ א‬r': I: bBO
: 1*> !‫ א‬2 ': V: 5? 3*> !‫א‬: 5 ،:‫ ن‬nK Œ3 I1 8: @ ': : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 H4 JK 4 5 : »
ªskfmvf nfLAmk zfmt jv. zfïfrv jnm! zfïfr j¾f§À rb bf, pk[B bf skfmvf
j´f§À rsq iV.«
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `snƒ zfmt k]fv dbje diaqkm dYt, spef kfv
zfmtjfvD tfofkfv j'sv Kfsj.' (hcJfvD 1970, mcndtm 782bQ)
zfbfn hstb sp, dkb hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv ²ÃDslv hfnfq ˆstb. kf]vf bhD -ˆv
ƒhflk n©isjG duÎfnf jvstb. zk}iv pJb kf]slvsj ˆv nQhfl slWqf rt kJb
kf]vf spb kf z¬i msb jvstb ˆhQ htstb, `zfmfslv nsÌ bhD -ˆv kctbf
sjfKfq? kf]v skf zfsov W isvv nm²À sofbfr smfyb j'sv slWqf rsqsY. (snsrkc
zfmfslv kf]v sysq shwD ƒhflk jvf iasqfub).' nckvfQ k]fslv msLA ˆjub htstb,
`zfdm nfvf uDhb vfkHv bfmfp iVh.' däkDqub htstb, `zfdm nfvf uDhb svfpf
vfJh, jJsbf svfpf YfVh bf.' kxkDqub htstb, `zfdm bfvD sKsj lCsv Kfjh,
uDhbHv dhsqƒ jvh bf.' zk}iv vfnCtcïfr k]fslv dbje ˆstb ˆhQ htstb,
1&6K 4 5 ‫و‬: Rq ,
: K ‫و‬: 1 Œ3 ْ K ‫و‬: 1‫ م‬,
1 5 RMSJ3 !5 1*!5 H4 PK n5 I4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !3 H4 PK f: ;
4 5‚!5 RM@A 3*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬8: 5 ‫א‬:WP5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬:WP5 H4 b1ْ 6K :7V3W!> ‫ א‬H4 b14 5 )
.(RMS83 :•4 5 5 R3bSB1 74 : :d©3 : 74 ': 5 : : SM!‫ א‬1‫وج‬B T: I:5 ‫و‬:
ªskfmvf ˆƒ ˆƒ jKf hstY? swfsbf! zfïfrv jnm! zfdm skfmfslv sysq shwD
zfïfrsj Hq jdv, kfv Hq z§Àsv skfmfslv sysq shwD vfdJ. dj§Â zfdm (bIt) svfpf
vfdJ ˆhQ svfpf sYsVW dlƒ, bfmfp idV ˆhQ dblafW pfƒ. zfv bfvDslv dhsqW jdv.
nckvfQ sp zfmfv ncâk (kvDjf) rsk mcJ dIdvsq sbsh, sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ bq.« (hcJfvD
5063, mcndtm 1401bQ)
189
dkdb htskb,
3O
: ‫و‬4 B !‫א‬:‫" و‬3 ‫و‬: &4 “: !ْ /3 ‫ א‬S1 3 b:4 ‫א‬:‫وא و‬1 f3 /45 ‫و‬: ‫ א‬/1@ 65 ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1‫د‬M&: 5 1*:5 ©5 !> @A &< O
: 5 7: VM&!‫ א‬B‫ د‬f: V1 74 !5 ‫و‬: < 4 V1 :7VM&!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A)
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: !ْ 2&!‫ א‬74 83 N R4 : ‫و‬:
ªdbÇyq äDb nru. sp hAdÙÁ zsrkcj äDbsj jdEb hfbfsh, kfv …iv äDb uqD rsq
pfsh. (zKGf{ mfbcN ivfduk rsq zfmt sYsV dlsh.) nckvfQ skfmvf snfuf isK Kfj
ˆhQ (ƒhflsk) mLAmi§¿f zhtìb jv. skfmvf ncnQhfl bfW. zfv njft-náAf W
vfskv djYc zQsw ƒhflk jvfv mfLAsm nfrfpA bfW.« (hcJfvD 39bQ)

k]fv bAfqivfqBkf
bAfqivfqBkf ˆmb ˆjde nlfyvB, pfv äfvf slf²À W lcwmbsj hwDHCk jvf pfq.
ƒbnfI-jfpG äfvf vfufv vfuA iadkôf W ²¿fdqk¶ tfH jsv. kfƒ ƒntfsm ˆ ÈsBv Èv¢k¶
znDm.
mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr dYstb bAfqivfqB dhyfvj, bAfqivfqB hflwf, bAfqivfqB
nfQnfdvj.
dkdb wfnbjfspG bAfqivfqBkf hufq vfJskb ˆhQ k]fv njt Hfviafåsj
bAfqivfqB rsk zbcifa dBk jvskb. dkdb hstsYb,
ªzfïfr kfzftf nfk hAdÙÁsj snƒ dlsb k]fv (zfvswv) Yfqf lfb jvshb, spdlb
k]fv Yfqf hAkDk zfv sjfb Yfqf Kfjsh bf; (kfslv msLA ˆjub rt,) bAfqivfqB
hflwfr (vfóºsbkf). (hcJfvD 660, mcndtm 2427bQ)
ªzfïfrv dbje pfvf bAfqivfqB kfvf lqfmsqv Ffb ifsw¶G suAfdkv dmìsvv …iv
zh²¿fb jvsh. zfv k]fv …Hq r²Àƒ Ffb. (‰ bAfqivfqB kfvf) pfvf kfslv dhyfsv,
idvhfsv ˆhQ kfv jkxk G ¶ W sbkxkf¶ LDb hAdÙÁhsoGv hAfifsv bAfqdbô.« (mcndtm 1827bQ)
ªsp sjfb lw hAdÙÁv zfmDvsj djqfmskv dlb shdV ivfsbf zh²¿fq …id²¿k jvf
rsh. idvswsN rq kfsj kfv (jxk) bAfqivfqBkf shdV-mcÙÁ jvsh, bsy{ kfv (jxk)
zkAfyfdvkf L¶Qsnv mcsJ sEst slsh.« (zfrmfl, hfƒrfjD, nrDùt ufsm' 5695bQ)
dkdb dbu dhyfvjfspG bAfqivfqBkf hrft svsJsYb. zfv kfv iadk Èv¢k¶fsvfi jsv
dkdb hstsYb,
ªjfpD (dhyfvj) dkb iajfv. ˆslv msLA ˆjub ufâfkD ˆhQ ziv lc'ub ufrfâfmD.
ufâfkD rt snƒ dhyfvj sp `rj' (nkA) ufbt ˆhQ snƒ zbcpfqD dhyfv jvt. zfv
sp dhyfvj `rj' ufbf nsÙ¶W zdhyfv jvt, sn ufrfâfmD ˆhQ sp dhyfvj bf susb
(dhbf ƒtsm) stfsjslv dhyfv jvt, snW ufrfâfmD.« (zfhC lf…l 3573, dkvdmpD 1322,
ƒhsb mfufr 2315, nrDùt ufsm' 4446bQ)
zfv mrfb zfïfr dhyfvjfspG bAfqivfqBkf hufq vfJsk dbslGw dlsqsYb …©mksj.
dkdb hstsYb,
:*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A @‫&ل‬4 : !ْ /3 ْ‫' א‬1 JK +
4 I: ‫ن‬5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:74 /: H1b'4 J5 O
: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: X: 3\4 5 !5 @A 3U : 8: 5 ‫وאْ א‬2‫—د‬1I ‫ن‬5 H4 PK 1 81 ْ‚V: :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
S!‫" א‬ (٥٨) {‫א‬Q•#
3 /: Q '3 : :‫ ن‬P5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3*/3 HKJƒK 3 V: 'B 3 3
 190
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbslGw dls¤Yb sp, zfmfbk kfv mfdtjsj iakAiGB
jvsh. zfv pJb skfmvf mfbcsNv msLA dhyfv-jfpG idvyftbf jvsh, kJb
bAfqivfqBkfv nfsK dhyfv jvsh. zfïfr skfmfslvsj sp …islw slb, kf
jk …{jxó ! dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGlóa f. (dbnf } 58)
dhyfv zmcndtmslv mfsU rstW bAfqivfqBkf hufq svsJsYb dhw¶bhD . mlDbfq
ƒqfùlDslv lcde sofÛ dYt; hfbC bfpDv W hfbC jcvfƒpf. hfbC bfpDv dYt hfbC jcvfƒpf
zsi[f n©ëf§À. Ist kfslv vÙÁiB dYt däÈB. ƒntfmD vfóº jfsqm rst hfbC jcvfƒpf
Fht vÙÁiB dlsk zöDjfv jvt ˆhQ ˆ hAfifsv nh sofsÛvƒ nmfbfdLjfv rWqfv
jKf lfhD jvt. kfvf kf smsb bf dbst mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY zdHspfo lfsqv jsv
dhyfviafKGD rt. dkdb kfslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkfv Ifqnftf dlstb. ˆ hAfifsv zhkDBG
rt jcvzfsbv ˆƒ zfqfk,
M7M ! /3 B7M !‫א‬:‫ن@ و‬1‫ذ‬K /3 :‫ن‬1‫ذ‬K ‫א‬:‫ و‬3} 5 /3 :} 5 ‫א‬:‫@ و‬74 : !ْ /3 :74 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫•@ و‬Yْ SB! /3 :•Yْ SB!‫ن א‬B 5 X: 3 H4 X@ 4 5 : S:4 b:P5 ‫و‬: }
{:‫' ن‬1 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬1H\1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K‚5 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ل‬T: ': /3 HKJ+4 V: H4 !> 7:8‫و‬: 1*!> ›": Y> P5 : X1 5 3*/3 :‫ق‬B&#
: I: 7:'5 ‫ص‬
< # : 63 :i‫و‬1 ~
1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, kfslv ubA Wsk (kWvfsk) dhLfb dlsqdYtfm sp, iafsBv hlt iafB, syfsJv
hlt syfJ, bfsjv hlt bfj, jfsbv hlt jfb, l]fskv hlt l]fk ˆhQ uJsmv hlt
zbcv™i uJm. zk}iv sj… kf [mf jvst Wsk kfvƒ ifi smfyb rsh. zfv zfïfr
pf zhkDBG jsvsYb, klbcnfsv pfvf dhLfb slq bf, kfvfƒ zkAfyfvD. (mfdqlfr } 45)
zbA ˆj hBGbfmsk hfbC bfpDv hfbC jcvfƒpfv jf…sj rkAf jvst zsLGj vÙÁiB
zflfq jvk. i[f§Àsv hfbC jcvfƒpf hfbC bfpDsvv jf…sj rkAf jvst icsvf vÙÁiB
zflfq jvsk rskf. mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY dhyfv ˆst dkdb kfslv mfsU ƒbnfI jfsqm
jvstb.
k]fv iadk mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw dYt,
H4 X1 S4 : ‫ض‬
4 @ 4 I1 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: H4 X1 S4 : ‫ض‬ 4 @ 4 5 ‫و‬4 5 H1XS:4 /: HKJO
4 5 5g‫و‬1–v:L ‫‘@ن‬5 39+ 4 2 !3 :‫! ن‬K P> 5 3$3WJ5 ْ !3 :‫ ن‬1 'B : }
"&s ‫( " א‬٤٢) {: Œ3 3 nْ '1 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+
3 V1 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A •3 4 n3 !ْ /3 H4 X1 S:4 /: HKJO
4 5 :9'4 J5 O
: ‫ن‬4 @A‫و‬: ^Q4 : 5g‫و‬2 1 V: 75 5
zKGf{, kfvf dmKAf wahsB zkA§À zfoarwDt ˆhQ zShL …ifsq té h²Â H[sB zkA§À
zfnÙÁ, kfvf pdl skfmfv dbje zfsn, kfrst kfslv dhyfv-db®idÙ jv zKhf
kfslvsj …si[f jv. zfv pdl kfslvsj …si[f jv, kfrst kfvf skfmfv sjfb [dk
jvsk ifvsh bf. i[f§Àsv pdl dhyfv-db®idÙ jv, kfrst kfslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkfv
nfsK dhyfv-db®idÙ jv. dbÇyqƒ zfïfr bAfqivfqBslvsj Hfthfsnb. (mfdqlfr } 42,
zfhC lf†l 3591, bfnf„ 4733bQ)
wfd²ÀlfsbW dkdb bAfqivfqBkf iadkôf jsv ixdKhDv hcsj dhyfvjfspGv zbcim lxóf§À
svsJ sosYb. nfufiafå zivfLD LbD srfj hf ovDh, …¤y-hQwDq srfj hf hQw-
idvyqrDb, dhyfvsjv zfk¹Dq srfj hf zbfk¹Dq, ˆmbdj vfóºsbkfv sjfb zfk¹Dq
rstW kfv iadk snƒ nfuf iasqfo jvsk sjfb hfLf Kfjf ytsh bf ƒntfsmv zflftsk.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, ˆjlf (ˆj …¤yhQwDqf) mfJpCmD mdrtf ycdv
jvfv Ist Lvf iVst kfsj dbsq jcvfƒw hQswv stfsjvf hV …däo´ rsq iVt. (kfv
191
rfk pfsk jfef bf rq snƒ syófq) kfvf htfhdt jvt, `Wv hAfifsv zfïfrv vnCt -
ˆv nsÌ sj jKf htsh?' idvswsN kfvf htt, `zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv diaqifÛ …nfmfr
dhb pfql YfVf zfv sj (ˆ hAfifsv) k]fv nfsK jKf htfv lc}nfrn jvsh?'
nckvfQ (kfslv zbcsvfL msk) …nfmfr k]fv nfsK jKf htstb (ˆhQ ‰ mdrtfv rfk
pfsk jfef bf pfq sn hAfifsv ncifdvw jvstb). ˆv Ist zfïfrv vnCt htstb,
.« 3*> !‫ א‬3‫ود‬1&O
1 74 83 &¤ O
: 3 1ŠY5 f4 I:5 »
ª(sr …nfmfr!) kcdm dj zfïfrv làdhdLnmCsrv ˆj làdhdL (jfsqm bf rWqfv)
hAfifsv ncifdvw jvY?!«
zk}iv dkdb làfqmfb rsq HfNsB htstb,
1HX@ 3 :‫ق‬: : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫و‬: 1• PK : I: 1}V@ fB !‫ א‬1HX@ 3 :‫ق‬: : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A ‫ א‬1 P5 H4 X1 B5 H4 JK 5 465 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h5 \4 5 ': B@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 »
.« \: :&V: 194 Œ5 n5 !5 9 4 65 : : N&'B +
: 81 :9S4 /3 5 ': ¦3 5 B‫ن‬5 4 !5 3*> !‫ א‬1HV4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬B&+
: !ْ ‫ א‬3*4 5 : ‫ א‬81 65 5 1} 3 B !‫א‬
ªskfmfslv iChhG kDG …©mkvf ˆ ubAƒ L¶Qn rsqdYt sp, kfslv msLA sjfb …¤yhQwDq
(hf LbD) stfj ycdv jvst kfvf kfsj (là bf dlsq) sYsV dlk. zfv sjfb (db©bhQwDq,
ovDh hf) lcht G stfj ycdv jvst kfvf kfv …iv làdhdL iasqfo jvk. i[f§Àsv
zfïfrv wiK! mcrf©mfslv jbAf Ifskmf pdl ycdv jvk, kfrst zfdm kfvW rfk sjse
dlkfm.« (hcJfvD 6788, mcndtm 1688bQ, zfnrfsh ncbfb)
zk}iv snƒ mdrtfv rfk jfef rt. isv kfv kWhf nkAv™si iajfw sisqdYt ˆhQ
kfv dhhfrW rsqdYt.
mrfbhD mfbcsNv nfsK hAhrfsv bAfqivfqBkf iadkôf jsv sosYb. dkdb zá
i[ifdksk¶v shVf, sHlfsHslv iafyDv, hBG-³hNsmAv z§Àvft kcst dlsq sosYb. „mfb
W ƒntfsmv YÛYfqfq njtsj nmfbv™si öDjxdk dlsqsYb.
sp sjfbW mcndtm Hfstf jfu jvsh, sn ƒntfsm Hfstf rsh. yfsr kfv slw, hQw,
HfNf, vQ pfƒ rsh srfj. kfslv msLA iadklfsb jf…sj jm, jf…sj shdw slWqf rsh bf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
8: @7: O
4 5‚/3 H1\: L
4 5 H4 X1 SBV: T@ ~
4 S:!5 ‫و‬: ً :M¦5 "ً : O
: 1*SB: 3 +
4 S15 5 7< 83 —4 81 : \1 ‫و‬: „: K ‫و‬4 5 ٍ P5 :‫ ذ‬7M8 + Q !3 ,: : '3 : 74 8: }
+S!‫( " א‬٩٧) {:‫ ن‬K ': 4 V: ْ‫ א‬1 P5
zKGf{, icv¢N W bfvD sp sj…ƒ dhw¶fnD rsq n{jmG jvsh, kfsj zfdm dbÇyqƒ ncJD
uDhb lfb jvh ˆhQ kfslvsj kfslv jmG zsi[f swaô icvõfv lfb jvh. (bfrXt } 97)
LbD-ovDh, zdHufk-zbdHufk njstv sHlfsHl mcsY dlsq ƒntfsmv zfrhfb,
3*> !‫ א‬:&S3 H4 JK 8: : Pْ 5 B‫@ن‬A ‫ א‬K : : b:!3 : s3 :65 ‫و‬: /Q 1 1 H4 PK S:ْ : L
: ‫و‬: „: K ‫و‬: ٍ P5 :‫ ذ‬7M8 HKP S:nْ 5 ;
: B@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
U‫( " א(~ א‬١٣) {• < 3;
: H< 3: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 PK n5 I4 5
zKGf{, sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslvsj nxdó jsvdY ˆj icv¢N W ˆj bfvD rsk, isv
skfmfslvsj dhHÙÁ jsvdY dhdHâ ufdk W sofsÛ, pfsk skfmvf ˆsj zisvvv nfsK
idvdyk rsk ifv. skfmfslv msLA ‰ hAdÙÁƒ zfïfrv dbje zdLj mpGflfn©iâ sp
zdLj zfïfr-HDv¢. zfïfr nhdjYc ufsbb, nh djYcv Jhv vfsJb. (ùucvfk } 13)
 192
dhw¶-mfbhkfv bhD hstb,
5 : R¤ '3 ~
: : !3 !5 ‫و‬: R¤ '3 ~
: 4 5 5 : R¤ /3 : : !3 : 4 5 !5 !5 5 &< O
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4 5 5 : :‫د‬: 4 5 !5 ‫و‬: :‫د‬: 4 5 5 : : ': O
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ªsr stfj njt! swfsbf, skfmfslv iadkiftj ˆj, skfmfslv dikfW ˆj. swfsbf,
zbfvhDv …iv zfvhDv ˆhQ zfvhDv …iv zbfvhDv, jxòfsÌv …iv soZvfsÌv ˆhQ
soZvfsÌv …iv jxòfsÌv sjfb swaôk¶ W mpGflf sbƒ. swaôk¶ W mpGflf zfsY skf sjht
`kfj¶Wqf'v dHdÙskƒ.« (zfrmfl 23489bQ)
dhsvfLD W wÛ¢v nfsK bAfqivfqBkf
dbsuv dhv¢sÝ zKhf dbsuv zfk¹Dsqv dhv¢sÝ rstW bAfqivfqBkf hufq vfJsk rq
ƒntfsm. spsrkc mrfb iadkiftsjv dbslGw,
ْ‫! א‬K 3&4 I: >?5 5 : ‫ ٍم‬4 65 1‫ن‬v:S: H4 JK SB8: @ ~
4 V: 5?‫و‬: •3 4 n3 !ْ /3 ‫א‬:&X: 1 3*’ !3 : 83 ‫א‬B 65 ْ‫ א‬1 PK ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
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: :*’!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A :*’ !‫ אْ א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ و‬x: nْ bB !3 1$: 6ْ 5 : \1 ْ‫! א‬K 3&4 ‫א‬
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrv …sÜswA (rsjv …iv) lxP iadkdôk (ˆhQ)
bAfqivfqBkfv nfsK nf[Alfkf rW. sjfb n©ialfsqv iadk dhsäN skfmfslvsj spb
jJbW ncdhyfv bf jvfsk iasvfdyk bf jsv. ncdhyfv jv, ˆef zfk¹nQpsmv dbjekv
ˆhQ zfïfrsj Hq jv. skfmvf pf jv, zfïfr kfv Jhv vfsJb.« (mfdqlfr } 8)
‫@ن‬A : /3 : 6ْ 5 ‫א‬:‫@ و‬7V4 :&!3‫א‬: !ْ ‫ @و א‬5 H4 JK 3 YK 5 5 : 4 !5 ‫و‬: 3*’ !3 ‫א‬:&X: 1 •3 4 n3 !ْ /3 : 83 ‫א‬B 65 ْ‫ א‬1 PK ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
': /3 :‫ ن‬P5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 ْ‫ א‬k
1 @ 4 I1 ‫و‬4 5 ْ‫وא‬1 ْ I: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ْ‫! א‬K 3&4 I: ‫ن‬5 x: X: !ْ ‫ אْ א‬1 3 bBI: 5 5 ': X@ /3 !5 ‫و‬4 5 1*’ ! 5 ‫א‬Q•n5 5 ‫و‬4 5 ¨ S3 ©5 74 JK V:
S!‫( " א‬١٣٥) {‫א‬Q•3 ; : :‫ ن‬K ': 4 I:
ªsr mc'dmboB! skfmvf bAfq dhyfsv lxP iadkdôk Kfj, skfmvf zfïfrv …sÜswA
nf[A lfW; pdlW kf skfmfslv dbsuslv zKhf dikf-mfkf ˆhQ zfk¹Dq-öusbv
dhv¢sÝ rq. sn dhÙhfb srfj zKhf dhÙrDbƒ srfj, zfïfr …Hsqvƒ spfoAkv
zdHHfhj. nckvfQ skfmvf bAfq-dhyfv jvsk sJqft-JcwDv zbcofmD rsqf bf. pdl
skfmvf si]yfstf jKf ht zKhf ifw sjse yt, kfrst (susb vfJ) sp, skfmvf pf jv,
zfïfr kfv Jhv vfsJb. (dbnf } 135)
(١٥٢) {:‫ون‬1 P> :WI: H4 JK > : !5 3*/3 HKP ,
B ‫و‬: H4 JK !3:‫ אْ ذ‬K ‫و‬4 5 3*’ !‫ א‬3&X4 : /3 ‫و‬: /:4 6K ‫א‬:‫ ذ‬:‫ ن‬P5 4 !5 ‫و‬: ْ‫! א‬K 3&4 5 H4 b1ْ 6K ‫א‬:‫ذ‬A@ ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pJb skfmvf jKf htsh, kJb öusbv dhv¢sÝ rstW bAfq jKf ht ˆhQ
zfïfrsj ialÙ zÌDjfv iCBG jv. ˆHfsh zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbslGw dlsqsYb, spb
skfmvf …islw oarB jv. (‚bX‚m } 152)
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, ˆjde stfj bhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn v™PHfsh kf]v jfsY
ifWbf kth jvt. kJb nfrfhDoB kfsj H{Gnbf jvsk yfƒstb. vfnCtcïfr
kfslvsj htstb,
.( !ً n5 8: MZ+: !ْ ‫ א‬3dO 3 # : !3 B‫‘@ن‬5 1• 1 :‫)د‬
193
ªWsj sYsV lfW. jfvB rj (ifWbf)lfsvv jKf htfv zdLjfv zfsY.«
kfviv htstb, ªWsj dEj snƒ hqsnv (…e) dlsq lfW sp hqsnv (…e) Wv dYt.«
k]fvf htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! kfv sysq …Ùm (…e) ³h ifd¤Y bf.' dkdb htstb,
ªWsj (Wdeƒ) dlsq lfW, sjbbf, skfmfslv msLA snƒ hAdÙÁƒ nshGfÙm, sp
hAdÙÁ …ÙmHfsh ‡B idvswfL j'sv Kfsj.« (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
zfv ˆj mv¢hfnD (shlc„b) stfsjv jfsY dkdb djYc sJucv Lfv jsvdYstb. sn k]fv
dbje dbsuv ifWbf zflfq jvsk ˆsn k]fsj jec jKf wcbfsk tfot. ˆmbdj sn k]fsj
htt, `zfidb zfmfv ‡B idvswfL bf jvst, zfdm zfibfsj mcwdjst sIth!' ˆ jKf
wcsb nfrfhfoB kfsj Lmj dlstb W htstb, `zfsv shzflh! ufb kcdm jfv nfsK jKf
htY?' stfjde htt, `zfdm zfmfv rj zflfq yfd¤Y.' mrfbhD htstb, ªskfmvf
rjlfsvv nÌ dlst bf sjb?« zk}iv dkdb JfWtfr dhs§À jfƒsnv dbje hst
ifEfstb sp, ªpdl skfmfv jfsY sJucv Kfsj, kfrst zfmfsj Lfv lfW. zk}iv
zfmfslv sJucv ˆst skfmfsj idvswfL jsv slh.« JfWtfr htstb, `zhwAƒ slh.
zfmfv zfêf zfibfv ubA jcvhfb srfj, sr zfïfrv vnCt!' zk}iv dkdb sJucv dlst
mrfbhD stfjdev ‡B idvswfL jvstb ˆhQ zfsvf djYc shwD sJsk dlstb. stfjde
htt, `zfidb zfmfv rj iCvB jvstb, zfïfr zfibfv rj iCvB jv¢j.' mrfbhD
htstb, ªWvfƒ rt Hft stfj, (pfvf nc¦lvHfsh ‡B idvswfL jsv.) sn ufdk idhÛ
rsh bf (hf bf srfj), sp ufdkv lcht
G hAdÙÁ dbu zdLjfv zbfqfsn zflfq bf jvsk
sisvsY.« (ƒhsb mfufr 2426, hfpXpfv, k¶fhfvfbD, zfhC qAf'tf, nrDùt ufsm' 2421 bQ)
ifWbflfv jVf jKf htsk ifsv, ˆ ƒbnfI jfsqm jvstb bAfqivfqB bhD .
pdlW sn k]fv iadk shzflshv mskf hAhrfv ialwGb jsvsY.
rstƒ hf wÛ¢i[, rstƒ hf zmcndtm, khcW kfv ifWbf ifWqfv zdLjfv zfsY.
zfhC rflvfl zfntfmDv jfsY ˆj ƒqfùlDv yfv dlvrfm ifWbf dYt. nckvfQ sn k]fv
dhv¢sÝ vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dbje bfdtw ufdbsq htt, `sr mcrf©mfl! ˆv jfsY zfmfv
yfv dlvrfm ifWbf zfsY. kf zflfq jvsk zfmfsj rfv mfdbsqsY.'
bhD k]fsj htstb, ªWsj Wv ifWbf dlsq lfW.«
dkdb htstb, `snƒ nÙfv jnm, dpdb zfibfsj nkA-nr siavB jsvsYb! zfdm kf
idvswfsL z[m.'
bhD icbvfq kfjDl dlsq htstb, ªWsj Wv ifWbf dlsq lfW.«
dkdb htstb, `snƒ nÙfv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY! zfdm kf idvswfsL
z[m. zfdm Wsj hstdY, zfidb zfmfslvsj Jfqhfv ifEfshb ˆhQ zfwf jdv sp,
zfidb djYc pcÝté n©il slshb. zk}iv dIsv ˆsn zfdm kfv ifWbf dmdesq slh.'
dj§Â bhD zfhfsvf sufv dlsq htstb, ªWsj Wv ifWbf dlsq lfW.«
mrfbhD -ˆv hAfifsv vDdk ˆmb dYt sp, dkdb sjfb zfslw dkbhfv jvst zfv
k]fv nfsK sj… jKf htsk ifvskb bf. sn zfslw iakAfrfv jvfv zfv sjfb zfwf
Kfjk bf.
nckvfQ zfhC rflvfl hflDsj nsÌ dbsq hfufsv shv rsq sostb. k]fv mfKfq ifodV
 194
dYt ˆhQ ivsb dYt ˆjde yflv. mfKfv ifodVef Jcst dbsq sjfmsv uVfstb ˆhQ
yflvef Jcst dbsq htstb, `kcdm ˆef zfmfv jfY sKsj djsb bfW.'
nckvfQ snefsj kfv jfsY yfv dlvrfsm dhdÛÁ jsv dlsq kfv slbf idvswfL jvstb.
snJfsb ˆ hxÝf k]fv ˆ lwf slsJ htt, `sr vfnCtcïfrv nfKD! jD hAfifv zfibfv?'
dkdb Oebf Jcst htst, sn k]fv ofsq ˆjde yflv Y]csV dlt. (zfrmfl 14942, dn}
nrDrfr 2108bQ)
zfbnfvslv pfIfv sofsÛv sk¶f'mf zKhf hfwDv ƒhsb …hfƒdvj¶ bfmj ˆj hAdÙÁ
ziv ˆj zfbnfvDv hmG ycdv j'svdYt. pJb ˆƒ ycdvv yyGf rsk tfot ˆhQ pJb sn
zbcHh jvt sp, kfv ycdvv jKf If]n rsq pfsh, kJb sn (ycdvjxk) hmGde ˆj ƒqfùlDv
hfdVsk sIst dlsq pfIfv sofsÛv djYc stfjsj nfsK dbsq vnCt -ˆv dbje …id²¿k
rt. njst dmst htt sp, hmGef zmcj ƒqfùlD ycdv jsvdYt. snƒ ƒqfùlDW bhD jvDm
-ˆv jfsY …id²¿k rsq htt, `ƒhsb …hfƒdvj¶ hmG ycdv j'sv zfmfv hfdVsk sIst
dlsqdYt.'
pfIfv sofsÛv stfsjvf (sk¶f'mf zKhf hfwDv iaHdx k) iaKm sKsjƒ nkjG dYt. kfvf
bhD jvDm -sj hcUfsk syóf jvdYt sp, syfv ƒqfùlDƒ; sk¶f'mfv …iv dmKAf zihfl
slWqf rsqsY.
bhD jvDm kfslv ym{jfv W yfkcpGiCBG jKfhfkGfq iaHfhfdb¶k rsq iVstb ˆhQ
zfbnfvDsj ycdvv zihfl sKsj mcÙÁ sOfNBf j'sv ƒqfùlDsj ycdvv zivfsL zivfLD
nfhA²À jvsk pfshb, dEj ˆƒ nmqƒ mrfb zfïfr ˆƒ zfqfk bfdpt jvstb.
{ 'Q # 3;: : S3s3 v:žْ !q 7KJI: 5?‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬5g‫א‬: 5 ': /3 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:74 /: :HJK +
4 b:!3 MZ+: !ْ /3 :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬5h4 !5 @A S:!ْ T: 5 B@A}
zKGf{, skfmfv iadk nkA nr djkfh zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk kcdm zfïfr skfmfsj pf
ufdbsqsYb snƒ zbcnfsv mfbcsNv msLA dhyfv mDmfQnf jv. zfv kcdm dhÇhfnOfkjslv
nis[ dhkjGjfvD rsqf bf. (dbnf } 105)
spsrkc bhD jvDm ˆjub mfbcN dYstb, dhLfq dkdb Hct shfUfhcdUv dwjfv rskb.
däkDqk} dkdb ofsqh kKf zlxswAv Îfb vfJskb bf. kfƒ mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj
nkjGhfBD ˆt ˆhQ snƒ zbcpfqD ƒqfùlDsj zivfLmcÙÁ sOfNBf jvstb. ƒqfùlD hst
kfv hAfifsv zbAfqfyvB jvstb bf.
dhhlmfb lcƒ sofôDv mfsU ndá ²¿fisb bAfqivfqBkf hufq jvsk zfdló rsqsY
mcndtmvf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
R3b!> ‫ א א‬K I3 n5 5 x: ;
4 K‚!ْ ‫ א‬5 : ': \1 ‫א‬:&O
4 @A 9
4 “: /: ‫‘@ن‬5 ': X1 S:4 /: ‫ א‬+
1 3,4 5‚5 ‫ א‬K b:b:6ْ ‫ א‬: S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 @‫ ن‬b:Y5 s3 ¦5 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: }
2d+
3 V1 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ‫ א‬ŒK 3 6ْ 5 ‫و‬: @‫&ل‬4 : !ْ /3 ': X1 S:4 /: ‫ א‬+
1 3,
4 5‚5 U
4 5 ‫‘@ن‬5 3*> !‫ @ א‬84 5 !5 @A : R3YI: bBO
: R3“4I:
U‫( " א(~ א‬٩) { : Œ3 3 nْ '1 !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, mc'dmbslv lcƒ lt pcsÝ dtå rst skfmvf kfslv msLA ndá ²¿fib jv;
zk}iv kfslv ˆjlt ziv lstv iadk dhsûfrfyvB jvst skfmvf dhsûfrD lstv
dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jv; pk[B bf kfvf zfïfrv dbslGswv dlsj dIsv zfsn, pdl kfvf dIsv
zfsn, kfrst kfslv msLA bAfsqv nfsK ndá ²¿fib jv ˆhQ ncdhyfv jv. dbÇyqƒ zfïfr
195
ncdhyfvjfvDslvsj Hfthfsnb. (ùucvfk } 9)
dbu n§Àfbslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkf iadkôf vfJsk dbslGw dlsqsYb mrfbhD .
bc'mfb ƒhsb hfwDv -ˆv dikf k]fsj dbsq vfnCtcïfr -ˆv lvhfsv rfduv rsq
htstb, `zfdm zfmfv ˆƒ sYstsj ˆjde softfm lfb jsvdY. (dj§Â ˆv mf zfibfsj
nf[D vfJsk hst.)' bhD duÎfnf jvstb, ªskfmfv nh sYstsjƒ dj kcdm ˆv™i
lfb jsvY?« dkdb htstb, `bf.' bhD htstb, ªkfrst kcdm kf sIv{ bfW.«
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªskfmfv nh sYstv ns̃ ˆv™i hAhrfv sldJsqY?« dkdb
htstb, `bf.' vfnCtïc fr htstb,
.« H4 PK 3‫د‬5?‫و‬4 5 3 ‫! א‬K 3&4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬:*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫» א‬
ªskfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ skfmfslv n§Àfbslv mfsU ƒbnfI iadkôf jv.
nckvfQ zfmfv dikf dIsv ˆstb ˆhQ ‰ nfljfr (lfb) dIdvsq dbstb.«
zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfïfrv vnCt htstb, ªsr hfwDv! skfmfv dj ˆ YfVf
zbA n§Àfb zfsY?« dkdb htstb, `uD r]Af.' (vnCt ) htstb, ªkfslv njtsj dj
ˆv mk lfb dlsqY?« dkdb htstb, `uD bf.' (vnCt ) htstb, ªkfrst ˆ hAfifsv
zfmfsj nf[D smsbf bf. jfvB zfdm zbAfq jfsu nf[A slh bf.«
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfmfsj zbAfq jfsu nf[D smsbf bf.«
zbA zfv ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªˆ hAfifsv kcdm zfmfsj YfVf zbA jf…sj nf[D
mfsbf.« zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªkcdm dj ˆ jKfq JcwD rsh sp, kfvf skfmfv snhfq
nmfb srfj?« hfwDv htstb, `uD zhwAƒ.' dkdb htstb, ªkfrst ˆv™i jsvf bf.«
(hcJfvD 2650, mcndtm 4262-4274bQ)
sjfb …irfv hf zdkdvÙÁ djYc dlst n§Àfbslv njtsj nmfbHfsh dlsk rsh.
zsbsjv msk sYstsmsq …Hqsjƒ nmfb dlsk rsh. zhwA ndEjmsk mDvfn-h¦esbv
mskf smsqv däÈB sYstsj dlsk rsh. äDblfv W ififyfvDv mfsU ifKGjA jvf pfsh bf.
ififyfvDsj …islw dlsk rsh. (Iskfqf ƒhsb hfp, vfrmfkct dtt-zftfmDb 10/4) zhwA
n§Àfb jfsIv hf bfd²Àj rst zftflf jKf.
mrfbhD ²ÃDslv mfsU bAfqivfqBkf hrft vfJskb. ƒbnfsIv nfsK iaskAsjv
hfnfq iftfÛÁsm vfdÛpfib jvskb. njtsj nmfbHfsh HvBsifNB W sJfvsifw
dlskb. zfv dkdb htskb,
.« < s3 8: 1*nr 3 ‫و‬: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: : L
: ': \1 ‫א‬:&O
4 @A !5 @A :‫' ل‬: 5 @‫ ن‬I:5 : 84 ‫ א‬1*!5 9
4 : P5 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁv lc'de ²ÃD zfsY, dj§Â sn k¦msLA ˆjdev dlsj U]csj pfq, ˆv™i hAdÙÁ
djqfmskv dlb kfv zLGslr Lnf zh²¿fq …id²¿k rsh.« (zfrmfl 2/347, zfnrfsh ncbfb,
rfsjm 2/186, ƒhsb drêfb 4194bQ)
dj§Â bkcb dhhfdrk rst kfv iafKdmj zdLjfv zfsY shdw. kfv hAfifsvW bAfpA
zdLjfv dlsqsYb äDsbv bhD . jcmfvD rst kfv jfsY 7 dlb ˆhQ zjcmfvD rst 3
dlb vfdÛhfn j'sv isv nmfbHfsh iftf dbLGfvB rsh. (hcJfvD 5214, mcndtm 1461bQ)
mrfbhD pJb nIsv shv rskb, kJbW ²ÃDslv zdLjfsvv jKf sJqft vfJskb.
 196
dj§Â njt ²ÃDsj nsÌ sbWqf n©Hh dYt bf, kfƒ kfslv mfsU tefdv jvskb ˆhQ
ˆjubsj nsÌ dbskb. (hcJfvD 2593, mcndtm 2770bQ)
²ÃDosBv mfsU sjfb iajfv nkDsbv „NGfOdek sjfb zbAfqfyvB jfsvf äfvf Ose
Kfjst sns[sÛW ƒbnfI iadkôf jvskb dkdb. ˆjlf dkdb ˆj ²ÃDv hfnfq dYstb.
zbA ˆj ²ÃD lfnDv mfLAsm k]fv jfsY ˆj ifÛ sjfb Jfhfv ifEfstb. p]fv hfnfq dkdb
dYstb, snƒ ²ÃD lfnDv rfsk zfOfk jvst ifÛde isV sHsÌ sot. bhD ifsÛv
ecjvfÈstf umf jsv kfv …isv JfhfvÈstf vfJsk tfostb ˆhQ htstb,
.(H4 JK 82 K U
4 : ©5 ) ªskfmfslv mf „NGfd¦hkf rsq isVsY!«
zk}iv lfnDsj spsk dlstb bf, pk[B bf dkdb pfv hfnfq dYstb, kfv hfnf sKsj
ˆjde Hfstf ifÛ zfbf rt. zk}iv dkdb Hfstf ifÛde k]fsj dlsq ifEfstb, p]fv ifÛ
HfÌf rsqdYt. zfv HfÌf ifÛde k]fv hfnfq svsJ dbstb, p]fv hfnfq dkdb dYstb. (hcJfvD
5225, 2481bQ)
…ÙÁ rflDsn mrfbhD -ˆv ²ÃDslv nfsK ³LpGwDtkf W bAfqivfqBkfv iajóx bmcbf
dhlAmfb. kfYfVf dkdb dbsuƒ hstdYstb,
.( 3\4 5 H4 PK 1 4 ;
: :5 ‫و‬: 3*3\4 5 H4 PK 1 4 ;
: H4 PK 1 4 ;
: ‫و‬: ، nً K ;
1 H4 X1 S1: O
4 5 Q®
: @A : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 ': Pْ 5 )
ªnhfv sysq iCBG „mfblfv hAdÙÁ sn, pfv ydvÛ nhfv sysq nc¦lv ˆhQ Wslv msLA
nhGfsi[f …Ùm hAdÙÁ snƒ, sp kfv ²ÃDv dbje …Ùm.« (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDùt ufsm' 1232bQ)
spZKjsmG bAfqivfqBkf
ˆjlf bhD sjfb nIsv nfrfhfosBv nsÌ dYstb. ˆjde hjvD ifdjsq Jfbf ia²k Â
jvfv nmq ˆst sj… hjvD pshr jvfv lfdqk¶ dbt, sj… ifjfhfv lfdqk¶ dbt. zfv
dkdb dbstb u¶ftfdb nQoar jvfv lfdqk¶. (zfvGfrDj¶ct mfJkCm 478ix})
mrfbhD -ˆv bAfqivfqBkf, kf dYt öqQ iadkiftsjv zbcora . snƒ mfûfnfq
dwd[k YfÛlt pJb dhw¶uq jsvb, kJb k]fvfW dhw¶sj bAfqivfqBkfv hxdósk
idvi½k
c jsvb. ƒbnfI iadkôfjs¬i k]fslvƒ ˆjub zkAfyfvDslv …sÜswA hstsYb,
(‫א ؟‬Q ‫א‬: O
4 5 H1XI1 X: 8B K H1XI4 :&!5 ‫و‬: &4 65 ‫و‬: :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1HI1&:4 b:4 ‫ א‬b:8: )
zKGf{, jJb mfbcNsj softfm hfdbsq dbsqY, zKy kfslv mfkxoB kfslvsj
öfLDbv™si u¦m dlsqsY? (zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb …mfv dhb JfÙ¶fh 1/124)

mrfbhD -ˆv Hct-Û¢de

mrfbhD mfbcN dYstb. kfƒ mfbcsNv iajdx k zbcnfsv öHfhkƒ dkdb zsbj djYc
Hcst spskb. zfv snef bhczskv ubA sjfb Û¢de hf jdm bq. i[f§Àsv bhczskv
kfhtDso k]fv Hct rskf bf. mrfb zfïfrv zhkDBG zrD dkdb Hctskb bf. spsrkc kfv
drIfpskv lfdqk¶ dkdb dbsuƒ dbsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
~(‫( " א‬٩) {:‫ ن‬ƒK 3 +
: !5 1*!5 B@A‫و‬: : Pْ MW!‫ א‬S:!ْ TB : 17+
4 : B@A}
197
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdmƒ jcvzfb zhkDBG jsvdY ˆhQ zfdmƒ Wv nQv[j. (druXv } 9)
duhvDt pJb zrD dbsq zfnskb, kJb bhD W kf]v nfsK nfsK kfVfkfdV
j'sv isV spskb. pfsk sjfb wè spb Hcst bf pfb. mrfb zfïfr kf]sj dIdvñfv nfsK
ˆƒHfsh iVsk dbsNL j'sv htstb,
*-¦ " (١١٤) { 'Q ْ 3 R3 ‫د‬4 ‫ @ز‬M$B 6K ‫و‬: 1*1 O 4 ‫و‬: 5h4 !5 @A : nْ V1 ‫ن‬5 @ 4 65 738 @‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ /3 4 ~
: 4 I: !5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, skfmfv iadk zfïfrv zrD (iakAfslw) n©iCBG rWqfv iCshG kcdm jcvzfb ifsE
kfVfkfdV jsvf bf. zfv ht, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfv Îfb hxdÝ jv.' (k¶f-rf } 114)
(١٨) 1*:-4 6K Š4 3 IB 5 1• :ْ : 65 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 (١٧) 1*:-4 6K ‫و‬: 1*: '4 L
: S:4 5 : B‫@ن‬A (١٦) 3*/3 : ~ : 4 b:!3 5h: : !3 3*/3 ْgM +: I1 5?}
(١٩) {1*: : /: S:4 5 : B‫@ن‬A BH‰1
zKGf{, kfVfkfdV zrD zfqÙ jvfv ubA kcdm skfmfv dur¶f Wv nfsK nÑftb jsvf bf.
dbÇyq ˆefv nQv[B W ifE jvfhfv lfdqk¶ zfmfvƒ. nckvfQ pJb zfdm Wef
(duhaf„stv mfLAsm) ifE jdv, kJb kcdm snƒ ifsEv zbcnvB jv. zk}iv dbÇyq ˆv
dhhxdkv lfdqk¶ zfmfvƒ. (dj¶qfmfr } 16-19)
nckvfQ ˆƒ dbslGswv iv vnCt yci j'sv sjht ðbskb.
zKGf{, skfmfv hs[ kf nQv[B j'sv slWqf ˆhQ uhfsb kfv iEb jfu yftc j'sv
slWqf rt zfmfv lfdqk¶. pfsk kfv sjfb zQw skfmfv n¹vBycAk bf rq ˆhQ sjfb
djYc skfmfv n¹xdk sKsj mcsY bf pfq.
mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstsYb,
‫( " א‬٧) {1*> !‫ א‬: 8: !> @A (٦) : S:I 5 5 5g–1 @ nْ S1: }
zKGf{, zdysvƒ zfdm skfmfsj ifE jvfh, Ist kcdm Hctsh bf. zfïfr pf ƒ¤Yf
jvshb kf hAkDk, dbÇyqƒ dkdb iajfwA W ocå dhNq idvÎfk zfsYb. (zf'tf } 6-7)
mrfb zfïfr yfƒst sjfb sjfb zfqfk hf dudbn dkdb Hcst spskb. spmb wshjlv
ufbfsbfv iv k]fsj Hcdtsq slWqf rsqdYt. (hcJfvD 2016, mcndtm 2829-2832bQ)
sjfb sjfb zfqfk dh±mxk rWqfv iv ±mvB jvskb. ˆj vfsÛ dkdb ˆj hAdÙÁsj
jcvzfb iVsk ðbstb. zk}iv dkdb htstb,
.(‫א‬:WP5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬:WP5 "3 : 1 74 83 X: b1 3 4 K 19S4 PK ً V: - ‫א‬:WP5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬:WP5 R3 : P5 ‫ذ‬4 5 &4 n5 !5 1*> !‫ א‬1*'1 O
: 4 V: )
zKGf{, zfïfr kfsj vrm jv¢b. zmcj zmcj nCvfv zmcj zmcj zfqfk zfmfsj
Hcdtsq slWqf rsqdYt, sn zfmfsj ±mvB jdvsq dlsqsY. (hcJfvD 5038, mcndtm 1874bQ)
jJsbf jJsbf bfmfsp jcvzfb iVsk k]fv Hct rskf.
ˆjlf dkdb bfmfsp jcvzfb iVsk iVsk Hcst djYc zQw sYsV dlstb. ˆj hAdÙÁ
htt, sr zfïfrv vnCt! zmcj zmcj zfqfk zfidb sYsV dlsqsYb, (isVb db). dkdb
htstb, ªkcdm zfmfsj msb idVsq dlst bf sjb?« (zfhC lf†l 907 bQ, ƒhsb mfufr)
ˆjlf bfmfsp dj¶vfzfk iVsk iVsk k]fv djYc softmft rt. nftfm sIvfv
iv …hfƒ ˆv …sÜswA dkdb htstb, ªkcdm zfmfslv nfsK bfmfp iVst?« …hfƒ
htstb, `uD r]Af.' dkdb htstb, ªksh Hct Ldvsq dlst bf sjb?« (zfhC lf†l 907,
 198
ƒhsb drêfb, k¶fhfvfbD, hfƒrfj¶D 3/212)
ˆjlf Iusvv bfmfp ðv¢ jsv nfrfhfoBsj ƒdÌk jvstb, skfmvf dbu dbu ²¿fsb
zsi[f jv. zk}iv dkdb hfdV iashw jsv djYc[sBv msLAƒ shv rsq ˆstb. kJb
k]fv mfKf sKsj ifdb Usv iVdYt. zk}iv bfmfp swN jsv htstb,
.( QS1L
1 19S4 PK RM@A‫و‬: ، < f: /: :5 ': B@A)
zfdm ˆjub mfbcNƒ. zfdm zidhÛ dYtfm. (sofnt jvsk Hcst dosqdYtfm.)
(zfrmfl 20420bQ)
ˆjlf bfmfp iVsk dosq dkdb Hct j'sv yfv vfjzfskv ufqofq i]fy vfjzfk isV
sItstb. nftfm dIvfv isv k]fsj sn hAfifsv htf rst lc'de nù dnulf j'sv htstb,
.R3 ‫و‬1 Pq :W5 19 3 : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 :‫ن‬4 : S4 I: ': P5 : 45 H4 JK K „4 83 < f: /: :5 ': B@A
ªzfdm skf skfmfslvƒ mskf ˆjub mfbcN. zfdmW Hcst pfƒ, spmb skfmvf Hcst pfW.
nckvfQ zfdm Hcst sost skfmvf zfmfsj msb idVsq dlsqf.« (hcJfvD 401, mcndtm 572bQ)
ˆjlf mrfbhD spfrv djQhf zfnsvv bfmfp Hct jsv 2 vfjzfk isV nftfm
dIsv …sE zbA ufqofq hnstb. stfsjvf Hfht, bfmfp nQd[å rsq sosY. zfhC
hfjXv, …mfv sj…ƒ Hsq k]fv nfsK jKf htstb bf. zhswsN pct-qAflfƒb htstb, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb dj Hcst sosYb, bfdj bfmfp jm rsq sot?' dkdb htstb,
ªzfdm HcdtW db, bfmfp jmW rqdb.« (pct-qAflfƒb htstb, `hvQ zfidb Hcst
sosYb sr zfïfr vnCt!') zk}iv njstv …sÜswA htstb, ªpct-qAflfƒb pf htsY
kf dj dEj?« njst htt, `uD r]Af.' nckvfQ dkdb zoanv rsq hfjD bfmfp iCvB jsv
nftfm dIvstb. zk}iv kjhDv dlsq zbcv™i zKhf kfv sysq tìf dnulf dlstb.
kfviv zfhfv kjhDv dlsq mfKf kctstb. icbvfq kjhDv dlsq zbcv™i zKhf kfv
sysq tìf zfsvf ˆjde dnulfr jvstb. kfviv zfhfv kjhDv dlsq mfKf kcst nftfm
dIvstb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 1017bQ)
ˆjlf mrfbhD bfmfsp iaKm ShEsj bf hsn …sE isVb. stfsjvf
knhDr htstW dkdb bf hsn bfmfp swsN lcƒ dnulfr jsv nftfm dIsvb.
(hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 1018bQ)
zsbsj htsk ifsvb, k]fv bfmfspv msLA Hct zfnst …©mksj dw[f slWqfv ubA,
pfsk kfvf hcUsk ifsv, kfslv bfmfsp Hct rst nQswfLsbv …ifq jD? nckvfQ dkdb
mfbdhj lcht
G kfv jfvsB Hctskb bf, hvQ Hcstv dhLfb hfkst slWqfv ubAƒ mrfb
zfïfr k]fsj Hcdtsq dlskb. ˆ msmG ˆjde rflDnW hdBGk rsqsY. dj§Â sn rfdlnde
dHdÙrDb hfdkt. (dn} pqDIfr 101bQ û})
kfYfVf ˆ …dÙÁ mrfbhD -ˆv snƒ rflDsnv idvi§¿D, pfsk dkdb hstsYb,
.R3 ‫و‬1 Pq :W5 19 3 : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 :‫ن‬4 : S4 I: ': P5 : 45 H4 JK K „4 83 < f: /: :5 ': B@A
ªzfdm skf skfmfslvƒ mskf ˆjub mfbcN. zfdmW Hcst pfƒ, spmb skfmvf Hcst
pfW. nckvfQ zfdm Hcst sost skfmvf zfmfsj msb idVsq dlsqf.« (hcJfvD 401, mcndtm 572bQ)
sjfb dudbn Hcst dosq dkdb kf ±mvB jvskb. …j¶hfr ƒhsb rfsvn hstb sp,
199
zfdm bhD -ˆv diYsb mlDbfq zfnsvv bfmfp iVtfm. zk}iv nftfm dIsv dkdb
zdk wDOa lf]dVsq iVstb. kfviv stfjslv olGfb eisj kf]v sjfb ˆj ²ÃDv js[ yst
sostb. stfsjvf kf]v wDOakf slsJ OfhsV sot. zk}iv dkdb shv rsq ˆstb; slJstb
stfsjvf k]fv wDOakfv jfvsB zfÇypGfd¦hk rsqsY. dkdb htstb,
.(3*b3 ': 4 n3 /3 1U4 8: 5‚5 ::&S4 3 :9 3 V: ‫و‬4 5 :R3 '4 V1 ‫ن‬4 5 19\4 @ J5 5 ::&S4 3 ‫א‬Q 4 I3 "3 5 #
B !‫ א‬R3 :5 ‫و‬: 1U4 P5 :‫)ذ‬
ª(bfmfsp) zfmfv msb iVt sp, (hfVDsk snfbf zKhf yf]dlv) ˆjde ecjvf vsq sosY.
zfdm yfƒtfm bf sp, kf zfmfsj zfïfrv n¹vsB hfLf slsh. pfv ubA zfdm (la¢k hfVDsk
dosq) kf h¦eb jvfv zfslw dltfm.« (hcJfvD 1221bQ)
hfqkcïfrv Jfslm W yfdhv[j …Nmfb dhb k¶ftrfsj ˆj nmq hstdYstb,
.« : q#: '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1 “: f4 V: <4 : 394:!ْ‫ א‬3 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫ن‬4 5 “3 :S4V: :•4!5 1*B@‘5 ،@74:4 n5 !ْ‫ א‬: 'M ž : I1 ‫ن‬4 5 5g: 81 - ‫ن‬4 5 19 3 : M@A »
zKGf{, zfdm skfmfsj zfslw jvsk Hcst dosqdYtfm sp, (ƒnmf„stv hlst
pshrjxk lcìfv) dwQ lc'desj sTsj dlsqf. spsrkc jf'hfoxsr ˆmb sjfb dudbn
Kfjf …dyk bq, pfsk bfmfpDsj zmsbfspfoD jsv skfst. (zfhC lf†l 2030bQ)
zfv ˆƒ swaBDv dh±mxdk bhczskv ubA sjfb Û¢de bq. hvQ kf ˆ jKfv iamfB sp,
dkdb mfbcN dYstb ˆhQ kfvƒ iajdx k zbcnfsv dkdb dh±mxk rskb. zfv idviCBk G f
sjht mrfb zfïfrv ubAƒ.
ifdKGh dhNsq dkdb sjfb sjfb nmq LfvBf j'sv ˆmb jKf htskb, pf ndEj rskf bf.
ˆjlf dkdb nfrfhfslvsj slJstb, k]fvf sJucv smfYfv ivfo-dmtb nfLb jvsYb;
zKGf{, N]fVf ofsYv smfYf dbsq mflD ofsYv smfYfv nfsK sh]sL dls¤Yb. dkdb htstb,
ªzfmfv msb rq ‰v™i jvfsk sjfb tfH sbƒ. ‰v™i bf jvstW sJucv Itsh.« k]fv
ˆ m§ÀhA ðsb nfrfhfoB kf kAfo jvstb. dj§Â sJucv Itfv nmq slJf sot, sJucv
idvicó rqdb; Ist kfv ItbW Hfstf rqdb. dkdb kf slsJ htstb, ªjD hAfifv,
skfmfslv sJucsvv Itb sbƒ sjb?« k]fvf htstb, spsrkc zfidb ivfo-dmtb Oefsk
dbsNL jsvdYstb, snsrkc kf bf jvfv Ist Itb jm rsqsY. dkdb htstb,
.3*>!‫ א‬5: :$3WPْ 5 74 55 ،1*>!‫ א‬:‫ ل‬65 : H4 JK !5 19ْ6K 8: 74 J3 !5‫و‬: ،1d # 3 V1‫و‬: 1ÅŒ3 ž
4 V1 B7ƒ> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ،4HJK K„483 < f: /: :5 ': B@A
ªzfdm skf skfmfslvƒ mskf ˆjub mfbcN. zfv LfvBf Hct rq, dEjW rq. dj§Â
zfdm pJb hdt, `zfïfr hstsYb' kJb jJbƒ zfïfrv hAfifsv dmKAf hth bf.«
(zfrmfl, ƒhsb mfufr, mcndtm 6276bQ dHâ wsè)
mcndtm wvDsIv ziv ˆj hBGbfq ˆsnsY,
.((H4 PK : 4 1‫ @ د‬84 5‚/3 1H5 4 5 H4 b14 5 ))
zKGf{, ªskfmfslv ifdKGh dhNsq skfmvfƒ zdLj zhok.«
mfbcsNv zbcmfb drnfsh dkdb k]fslvsj ˆ jKf hstdYstb. zfv ˆef bhczskv s[sÛ
sjfb zn©iCBk G f bq, Û¢deW bq. bhDv ubA yfND bf rWqf, jfmfv hf Ycskfv bf rWqf
sjfb slfsNv bq.
i[f§Àsv äDsbv hAfifsv kf]v sjfb Hct rskƒ ifsv bf. jfvB äDsbv hAfifsv pf hstb,
kf zrDv Îfsb hstb. zfv zrDv iayfsv k]fv Hct rskƒ ifsv bf. mrfb zfïfr
 200
hstsYb,
H~S!‫( " א‬٤) [ O : V1 R< O 4 ‫و‬: !> @A : \1 ‫ن‬4 @A (٣) x: X: !ْ ‫@ א‬7: 1ZŒ3 S:V 8: ‫و‬: ]
ªzfv sn (mcrf©mfl ) mboVf jKfW hstb bf. kfskf zrD, pf kf]v iadk iakAfslw
jvf rq.« (nCvf bfuXm 3-4)
nfrfhD zfècïfr ƒhsb zfmXv hstb, zfdm mcJ²¿ jvfv …sÜswA vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
dbje sKsj pf ðbkfm, kf nhƒ dtsJ dbkfm. dj§Â jcvfƒwvf zfmfsj dtJsk dbsNL
j'sv dlt. kfvf htt, `kcdm pf djYc swfb, nhƒ dtsJ bfW zKy vfnCtcïfr rstb
ˆjub mfbcN. vfo W zfb¦l …Hq zh²¿fskƒ dkdb jKf hstb.' nckvfQ zfdm stJf
há j'sv dltfm ˆhQ ˆ jKf vfnCtcïfr -sj ufbftfm. dkdb kf ðsb dbsuv mcsJv
dlsj zfÌct dlsq ƒdÌk j'sv htstb,
.((ÀZO : !> @A 1*S483 1‫ج‬1 ž4 V: 8: 3•3&: /3 R3 Yْ : c3W!> ‫א‬: 5 d 4 b1Pْ ‫))א‬
zKGf{, stsJf, snƒ nÙfv wiK pfv rfsk zfmfv iafB! ˆ (mcJ) sKsj nkA hAkDk
zbA djYc shvƒ rq bf. (zfhC lf…l 3646bQ)
hfjD Kfjt snƒ Hct, pfsk ifi rq. sn Hct sKsjW dkdb mcÙÁ dYstb. bhDoB
db°ifi rb, ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ.
kfrst mrfb zfïfr sjb hstsYb,
© " (٥٥) {@ J5 /4 @‘!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬MRf3 : !ْ /3 5h/M: 3&'4 + : /3 ]4 M: ‫و‬: 5h3 :W!3 4 Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬ÀZO : 3*> !‫ א‬:&4 ‫و‬: B‫@ن‬A 4 3 , 4 5}
ªzkˆh kcdm SLpG LfvB jv; dbÇyq zfïfrv iadkwa¢dk nkA. zfv kcdm skfmfv
ifsiv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv ˆhQ njft-náAfq skfmfv iadkiftsjv niawQn idhÛkf
W mdrmf sOfNBf jv.« (mc'dmb } 55)
(١٩) {H4 PK ‫א‬: „4 8: ‫و‬: H4 JK :> n5 b:81 1H5 4 V: 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬3U S:83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬: S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3‫و‬: 5h3 :W!3 4 Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬1*> !‫@ >! א‬A :*!5 @A !5 1*B5 H4 5 4 5 }
ªnckvfQ kcdm susb vfJ, zfïfr YfVf (nkA) sjfb …ifnA sbƒ. zfv [mf-iafKGbf jv
skfmfv ˆhQ mcdmb bv-bfvDslv Û¢dev ubA. zfïfr skfmfslv odkdhdL ˆhQ zh²¿fb
s[Û nìsá nmAj zhok zfsYb.« (mcrf©mfl } 19)
]bY!‫( א‬٢) { 'Q n3 b:4 82 ¦ً ‫א‬: , 3 5hV: 3&X4 V: ‫و‬: 5h4 5 : 1*b:': 4 3 BHb3 V1 ‫و‬: : ; B 5‚I: 8: ‫و‬: 5h3 :‫ ذ‬738 :‫م‬B&n5 I: 8: 1*> !‫ א‬5h!5 : Y3 “4 : !3}
ªspb zfïfr skfmfv zkDk W HdhNAskv Û¢denmCr mfuGbf jsvb ˆhQ skfmfv iadk
kf]v zbcora iCBG jsvb W skfmfsj nvt isK idvyfdtk jsvb.« (IfkXr } 2)
sjb mrfbhD dlsb nÙsvv shdw zKhf ˆj wkhfv j'sv ƒd²ÀoIfv jvskb?
bhD jvDm hstsYb, ªzfïfrv wiK! zfdm iakAr zfïfrv jfsY nÙv hfsvvW
shdw ƒd²ÀoIfv ([mfiafKGbf) W kfWhfr jsv Kfdj.« (hcJfvD 6307bQ)
ªzfmfv z§Àv zfïfrv n¹vB sKsj dbsmNHv hfLfiafå rq. snsrkc zfdm dlsb
ˆjwk hfv zfïfrv dbje [mf dH[f yfƒ.« (mcndtm 7033bQ)
k]fv iChGfiv njt sofbfrsj [mf jvf rsqsY nfrfhfoB sn jKf k]fsj htskb.
sjfb zfmt jvsk htst ˆhQ nfrfhfoB kfv yfƒsk shdw jvsk yfƒst mrfbhD
k]fslvsj dbsNL jvskb. kJb nfrfhfoB htskb, `zfmvf skf zfibfv mskf bƒ sr
201
zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfr skf zfibfv iChfG iv njt sofbfr mfI jsv dlsqsYb.' (hcJfvD 20bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆsn Iskfqf duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zidhÛ Kfjf zh²¿fq
Iusvv bfmfspv nmq rsq pfq, kfrst zfdm dj svfpf vfJh?' vfnCtcïfr htstb,
.« 1‫ م‬,
1 5‚5 d
< S1L
1 :5 ‫و‬: "K 5 # B !‫ א‬S3 PK @ &4 I1 :5 ‫و‬: »
ª(r]Af,) zfmfvW zidhÛ zh²¿fq bfmfspv nmq rsq pfq, zk}iv zfdm svfpf
vfdJ.«
stfjde htt, `zfidb skf zfmfslv mskf bb sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfr skf zfibfv
iChfG iv njt sofbfr mfI jsv dlsqsYb.' (mcndtm 2649bQ)
djqfmsk jsóv nmq ncifdvswv ubA stfsjvf bhDosBv jfsY pfsh. kfvf njstv iawQnf
jsv zfïfrv lvhfsv ncifdvw jvsk htsh. kfvf mrfbhD -ˆv iawQnf jsv htsh,
`zfïfr zfibfv iChGfiv njt sofbfr mfI jsv dlsqsYb.' (hcJfvD 4712, mcndtm 501bQ)
…hfƒl dhb …mfƒv hstb, ˆjlf zfdm zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sj httfm,
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv uDhsb nhsysq hV zfÇypGmq Oebf jD slsJsYb, kf zfmfslvsj
htcb. dkdb [Bjft bDvh sKsj htstb, `ˆj vfsÛ (bhD ) zfmfsj htstb,
ªzfsqwf! zfu vfsk zfmfsj zfmfv iadkiftsjv ƒhflskv ubA sYsV lfW.« zfdm
httfm, `zfïfrv jnm! zfdm zfibfv ³bjeA yfƒ ˆhQ kfƒ yfƒ, pf zfibfsj zfb¦l
lfb jsv.' nckvf dkdb …sE WpC jvstb ˆhQ bfmfp iVsk ðv¢ jvstb. bfmfsp dkdb
j]flsk tfostb. dkdb hsn dYstb, (syfsJv ifdbsk) k]fv sjft dHsu sot. kfvivW
j]flsk tfostb. (dnulfq sost zwa¢sk) mfde dHsu sot! (Iusvv zfso) dhtft
bfmfspv Jhv dlsk ˆstb. dkdb pJb k]fsj j]flsk slJstb, kJb htstb, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb j]flsYb? zKy zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv nm²À sofbfr mfI j'sv
dlsqsYb!' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm dj (zfïfrv) ðjXvÈpfv hf¦lf rh bf? zfu vfsÛ
zfmfv …iv jsqjde zfqfk zhkDBG rsqsY. L¶Qn kfv ubA, sp kf isVsY, zKy kf
dbsq ˆjec dy§Àf-Hfhbf j'sv slsJdb.
:7V3W!> ‫( א‬١٩٠) 3$ :!ْ ‫ א‬R3!‫و‬4 K‚!q NU V:ª @ X: SB!‫א‬:‫ @ و‬4 > !‫ א‬3 5 b3;
4 ‫א‬:‫ض@ و‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫@ א‬Zْ ;
: R3 B‫@ن‬A}
‫א‬W:\ :9nْ 5 ;
: 8: S:/B: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫@ א‬Zْ ;
: R3 :‫ون‬1 J> Y5 b:V: ‫و‬: H4 X@ /3 S1L
1 : 5 : ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q‫ د‬1 6K ‫و‬: 8Q : 63 :*’ !‫ א‬:‫ون‬1 PK W4 V:
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٩١) {@ SB!‫ א‬:$‫א‬:W: S:n3 5 5h: +
: 4 1 ً ¦3 /:
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfjfwm×tD W ixdKhDv nxdósk ˆhQ vfk W dlsbv idvhkGsb ÎfbD
stfsjslv ubA dblwGb vsqsY. pfvf lf]dVsq, hsn ˆhQ wcsq zfïfrsj n¹vB jsv ˆhQ
zfjfwm×tD W ixdKhDv nxdó nìsá dy§Àf jsv ˆhQ (hst,) sr zfmfslv iadkiftj!
kcdm ˆ dbvKGj nxdó jvdb. kcdm idhÛ. kcdm zfmfslvsj zfÈsbv wfd²À sKsj v[f jv.
(zfst ƒmvfb } 190-191, ƒhsb drêfb, nrDr kfvoDh 1468bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, bhD vfsk (ˆk lDOG) djqfm jvskb sp,
kf]v if lcJfdb (Icst) sIse (lfo isV) spk. ˆjlf zfdm kf]sj httfm, `sr zfïfrv
vnCt! zfidb ˆv™i jfu sjb jvsYb? zfïfr skf zfibfv zfsov W disYv nm²À ifi
smfyb j'sv dlsqsYb.' dkdb htstb, ªzfdm dj kf]v jxkÎ hf¦lf rsk iY¦l jvh
 202
bf?« (hcJfvD 4837, mcndtm 7304bQ)
mcoDvfr dhb ð'hfr jkGjx zbcv™i hdBGk rsqsY. (hcJfvD 1130, mcndtm 7302bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv `ifi' htsk ˆmb sYfe-Jfsef Hct-ycj pf mfbhDq lcht G kf zbcpfqD
Ose pfq ˆhQ spÈstfv nQswfLbW mrfb zfïfrv i[ rsk j'sv slWqf rq.
mrfbhD -ˆv `zkDk W HdhNAskv Û¢denmCr'-ˆv zKG, ˆmb nh dhNqfdl, pf kAfo
jvfƒ …Ùm zKhf ˆmb nh dudbn, pf dkdb öDq Îfb, zbcmfb W iasyófv zfstfsj
jsvsYb, dj§Â zfïfr kf iY¦l jsvbdb. spmb, zfècïfr ƒhsb …s©m mfjkcm -ˆv
Oebf; pfv …iv nCvf `zfhfnf' zhkDBG rt.
ªsn ë™ jcdÑk jvt ˆhQ mcJ dIdvsq dbt. spsrkc kfv dbje zá stfjde zfomb
jsvdYt. skfmfsj djsn ufbfsh? rqskf hf sn idvðÝ rk. zKhf …islw oarB jvk,
Ist kf kfv …ijfsv zfnk. i[f§Àsv sp stfj shisvfqf, kcdm kfv iadk msbfspfo dlst.
zKy sn idvðÝ bf rst skfmfv sjfb slfN sbƒ. i[f§Àsv sp skfmfv dbje Ycse ˆt
nHq msb, kcdm kfv iadk dhmcJ rst! j[sbf (ˆv™i jvsh) bf. ˆef skf …islwhfBD; sp
ƒ¤Yf jvsh sn kf n¹vB vfJsh (W …islw oarB jvsh).« (‚hfnf } 1-12)
ˆjlf bhD -ˆv dbje jcvfƒw (jfsIv)slv níf§À hAdÙÁhoG hsn jKf-hfkGf htdYt.
ˆmkfh²¿fq rEf{ …ÙÁ zfècïfr dhb …s©m mfjkCm …id²¿k rstb. dkdb ˆjub
zá mfbcN dYstb. zfnf mfÛ bhD -sj äDsbv jKf duÎfnf jvsk tfostb. dkdb k]fv
iadk djYcef dhvdÙÁHfh sifNB jvstb ˆhQ kfv iadk zmsbfspfoD rstb. ˆef mrfb
zfïfrv ziY¦lbDq dYt. kfƒ nkjGkföv™i nCvf zfhfnfv ‰ zfqfkÈdt zhkDBG rt.
(dkvdmpD 3331bQ)
zbcv™i ˆjde Oebf, djYc stfj durfsl wvDj bf rWqfv zbcmdk yfƒst mrfbhD
kfslvsj zbcmdk dlsq dlstb. zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq zbcmdk bf slWqfefƒ ndEj dYt. mrfb
zfïfr kfƒ k]fsj nkjG jsv htstb,
/ b!‫( " א‬٤٣) {: /33‫ ذ‬J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:H5 4 I:‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬6K :&,
: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h!5 :7B :b:V: bBO
: H4 X1 !5 :9 3‫ذ‬5 :H!3 5hS: 1*’ !‫ א‬Y5 : }
zKGf{, zfïfr skfmfsj [mf jv¢b. skfmfv dbje nkAhflD ±ió W dmKAfhflD Îfk
rWqfv iCshG kcdm kfslvsj zbcmdk sjb dlst? (kfWhfr } 43)
mrfbhD -sj nsìfLb jsv htf rstf sp, durfsl wvDj bf rWqfv zbcmdk
iafKGDslvsj kfslv Wuv nkA dYt dj bf, kf kl§À jsv bf slsJ sjb zbcmdk dlsq
dlst? dj§Â ˆƒ dkvõfsvW sn´srv iaHfh shwD dYt. ˆƒ ubA …ÙÁ Û¢dev [mfv jKf
iaKsmƒ ±ió jsv slWqf rsqsY.
susb vfJf lvjfv sp, ˆƒ dkvõfv ˆƒ ubA jvf rsqsY sp, zbcmdk slWqfv hAfifsv
kfVfùVfv nfsK jfu sbWqf rsqsY ˆhQ iCBH G fsh nkAkf pfyfƒ jsv slJfv iasqfub
msb jvf rqdb. bsy{ kls§Àv iv pfv nkAƒ Wuv zfsY kfsj zbcmdk slWqfv
hAfifsv mrfb zfïfrv kvI sKsj kf]sj zbcmdk slWqf rsqdYt. spmb dkdb hstsYb,
{H4 X1 S483 :9^43 7:'!q ‫ن‬:‫‚ْذ‬5 H4 X@ 3 ْ‚: @m4 :!3 g5 1:‫‚ْذ‬b:4 ‫א א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 } ªzkˆh kfvf skfmfv jfsY kfslv
sjfb jfsuv zbcmdk yfƒst kcdm kfslv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf zbcmdk lfW.« (bCv } 62)
203
`pfsj ƒ¤Yf' mfsb rt, pfv jfsY ndkAjfsv Wuv zfsY, kfsj zbcmdk slWqfv
zdLjfv skfmfv vsqsY. (zfrnfbct hfqfb)
zbcv™i zfsvf ˆjde Oebf, hlv pcsÝ 70 ub jfsIv mfvf iVt ˆhQ 70 ub h¦lD
rt. ˆef jfsIv W mcndtmslv iaKm pcÝ dYt. ˆƒ ubA pcÝh¦lDslv hAfifsv jD Lvsbv
zfyvB jvf spsk ifsv ˆ hAfifsv iCBvG ™si sjfb dhLfb ±ió dYt bf. nckvfQ bhD
snƒ 70 ub h¦lDslv hAfifsv nfrfhfslv nsÌ ivfmwG jvstb sp, jD jvf pfsh?
kfslvsj rkAf jvf rsh, bf djYc mcdÙÁiB (dhdbmq) dbsq sYsV slWqf rsh? ³hLkf
drnfsh ˆƒ lc'de vfqƒ ndEj dYt. snƒ ubA …ÙÁ lc'de vfq dbsq dhshj-dhshybf W
dy§Àf-Hfhbf jvsk tfostb. dj§Â jJsbf jJsbf ³hLkf W zShLkf sKsj lxdó dIdvsq
jft-ifÛ W idvd²¿dk hcsU zdLjkv …Ùm i§¿f zhtìb jvfv iasqfub rq. ˆJfsbW
zdLjkv jtAfBjv i§¿f zhtìb jvf iasqfub dYt. dj§Â ³hLkfsj nfmsb svsJ
zsi[fjxk jmkv jtAfBjv i§¿f zhtìb jvf rt. sp hAfifsv nkjG jsv zfïfr
kfzftfv kvI rsk H{Gnbföv™i zfqfk zhkDBG rt. …mfv iaHdx koB bhD -sj
ˆƒ ivfmwG dlstb sp, jcIXsvv wdÙÁ W iakfisj sHsÌ sItf lvjfv zfsY. ˆƒ ubA
h¦lDslvsj rkAf jvf srfj. sjbbf, ˆvf rt jcIXv W jfsIvslv iaLfb W n©mfdbk
hAdÙÁ. ˆvf mcdÙÁ sist ƒntfm W mcndtmslv dhv¢sÝ zdLjv™si yÛÁf§À yftfsh.
i[f§Àsv zfhc hfjXv iaHdx koB …mfv -ˆv vfsqv dhivDk vfq siw jvstb sp,
kfslv jfY sKsj mcdÙÁiB (dhdbmq) dbsq kfslvsj sYsV slWqf srfj. zfv ‰ mft
äfvf zfofmD pcsÝv ubA ia²d k sbWqf srfj. bhD ˆƒ vfqsj iafLfbA dlstb. kJb ˆ
hAfifsv zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
"5 : ;
3 ª‫ א‬1&V@ V1 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬: 4 2&!‫ א‬:‫ض‬: : :‫ون‬1&V@ I1 @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 :7ž
3 „4 V1 bBO
: x: 4 5 1*!5 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫ن‬5 R¤ 3S:!3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: }
‫ ل‬Y ‫( א‬٦٨) {H< ƒ3 : $ < ‫א‬:W: H4 I1W4 ;
: 5 ': 3 H4 JK B ': !5 :Z:: 3*’!‫ א‬:78M $
< b:P3 5?4 !> (٦٧) H< J3 O
: T< V@T: 1*’ !‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, slsw n©iCBH G fsh wÛ¢ dbifk bf jvf ipG§À h¦lD vfJf sjfb bhDv ubA nÌk
bq. skfmvf jfmbf jv ifdKGh n©il ˆhQ zfïfr yfb ivstfsjv jtAfB. zfv zfïfr
ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq. zfïfrv iChG dhLfb (dtdihÝ) bf Kfjst skfmvf pf oarB jsvY,
kfv ubA skfmfslv …iv mrfwfd²À zfidkk rk. (‚bXIft } 67-68)
(‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 :7ž
3 „4 V1 bBO
: ) ˆv mkth rt, pdl slsw jcIXsvv zfdLikA rq (spmb, snƒ
nmq zfvsh jcIsvv zfdLikA dYt), kfrst ˆ zh²¿fq h¦lD jfsIvslvsj rkAf jsv
kfslv wdÙÁv mfKfsj yCBG jsv sItf zfhwAj. nckvfQ skfmvf ˆƒ nC[¹ bDdksj
lxdóycAk jsv sp mcdÙÁiB (dhdbmq) oarB jvst, kfv mfsb rt zdLjkv …Ùm i§¿f
huGb jsv zsi[fjxk dbm´mfsbv i§¿f zhtìb jvst; pf skfmfslv Hct ˆJdkqfv.
zfv kfv ubA mrfb zfïfr …ÙÁ nkjGhfBD zhkDBG jvstb.
zfbnfvslv pfIfv sofsÛv sk¶f'mf zKhf hfwDv ƒhsb …hfƒdvj¶ bfmj ˆj hAdÙÁ
ziv ˆj zfbnfvDv hmG ycdv j'sv sbq. pJb ˆƒ ycdvv yyGf rsk tfot ˆhQ pJb sn
zbcHh jvt sp, kfv ycdvv jKf If]n rsq pfsh, kJb sn (ycdvjxk) hmGef ˆj ƒqfùlDv
hfdVsk sIst dlsq pfIfv sofsÛv djYc stfjsj nfsK dbsq vnCt -ˆv dbje …id²¿k
 204
rt. njst dmst htt sp, hmGef zmcj ƒqfùlD ycdv jsvdYt. snƒ ƒqfùlDW bhD jvDm
-ˆv jfsY …id²¿k rsq htt, ƒhsb …hfƒdvj¶ hmG ycdv j'sv zfmfv hfdVsk sIst
dlsqdYt. pfIfv sofsÛv stfsjvf (sk¶f'mf zKhf hfwDv iaHdx k) iaKm sKsjƒ nkjG dYt.
kfvf bhD jvDm -sj hcUfsk syóf jvdYt sp, syfv ƒqfùlDƒ; sk¶f'mfv …iv dmKAf
zihfl slWqf rsqsY. bhD jvDm kfslv ym{jfv W ykcvkfiCBG jKfhfkGfq
iaHfhfdb¶k rsq isVb ˆhQ zfbnfvDsj ycdvv zihfl sKsj mcÙÁ sOfNBf j'sv
ƒqfùlDsj ycdvv zivfsL zivfLD nfhA²À jvsk pfshb, dEj ˆƒ nmqƒ mrfb zfïfr
ˆƒ zfqfk bfdpt jsvb,
{ 'Q #
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4 b:!3 MZ+
: !ْ /3 :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬5h4 !5 @A S:!ْ T: 5 B@A}
zKGf{, skfmfv iadk nkA nr djkfh zhkDBG jsvdY, pfsk kcdm zfïfr skfmfsj pf
ufdbsqsYb snƒ zbcnfsv mfbcsNv msLA dhyfv mDmfQnf jv. zfv kcdm dhÇhfnOfkjslv
nis[ dhkjGjfvD rsqf bf. (dbnf } 105)
ˆ sKsj sp dhNqÈstf ufbf sot kf rt }-
iaKmk} bhD jvDm ˆjub mfbcN dhLfq dkdb Hct shfUfhcdUv dwjfv rskb.
däkDqk} dkdb ofsqh kKf zlxswAv Îfb vfJskb bf. ofqshv Jhv ufbst dkdb
nk¶v kfslv iajk x hAfifv susb dbskb.
kxkDqk} mrfb zfïfr öDq iqoìsvv drIfpk jsvb. kfƒ jJsbfW pdl iajk x
hAfifv Èå rsq pfWqfv jfvsB bhDv äfvf (nskAv) dhivDk djYc rsq pfWqfv ipGfsq
siZ]Yk, kfrst nsÌ ns̃ mrfb zfïfr sn hAfifsv bhDsj nkjG j'sv kf]v nQswfLb
j'sv dlskb. zfv ˆefƒ rt bhDslv db®ifi rWqfv mCt vrnA. ˆ ˆmb ˆj …¤y mpGflf
pf zfdìqf hAkDk zfv sj… tfH jvsk ifsv bf.
ˆƒ Û¢dev ubAƒ mrfb zfïfr k]fv vnCt -sj htstb,
S!‫( " א‬١٠٦) { 'Q O 3 B ‫א‬Q YK ©5 :‫ ن‬P5 :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3*’ !‫ @ א‬Y3 “4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
zKGf{, zfïfrv jfsY kcdm [mf iafKGbf jv. dbÇyq zfïfr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.
(dbnf } 106)
sjfb kl§À bf j'sv dJqfbkjfvDslv spsrkc kcdm nmKGb jsvY, kfv ubA zfïfrv
jfsY [mf iafKGbf jv. ˆ sKsj iakDqmfb rq sp, …Hq lstv msLA sjfb ˆj is[v
nkAkfv hAfifsv iCBG dbÇyqkf bf rWqf ipG§À kfv nmKGb jvf ˆhQ kfv rsq Wjftdk
hf iadkdbdLk¶ jvf ³hL bq. kfƒ mrfb zfïfr mrfbhD -sj dbslGw dlstb,
S!‫( א‬١٠٧) { 'Q ‰3 5 Q‫א‬B ;
: :‫ ن‬P5 7:8 2d+ 3 V1 5? :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 X1 : YK 5 :‫ ن‬1 b:ž
4 V: :7V3W!> ‫@ א‬7: ‫ل‬4 3‫~ د‬
: I1 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm kfslv is[ jKf hstf bf, pfvf dbsuslv iadk dhÇhfnOfkjkf jsv.
dbÇyq zfïfr dhÇhfnOfkj ifdiôsj Hfthfsnb bf. (dbnf } 107)
…ipGÙ c Á Hct zfyvB W jmGÈdt pdlW sjfb ifi bq ˆhQ mrfbhD -ˆv db®ifi
rWqfv idvi§¿D jfu dYt bf, khcW kf]v nc…¤y mpGflf drnfsh ˆÈdtsjW Û¢de W jdm
oBA jvf rsqsY ˆhQ ˆvƒ …iv [mfv jKf sOfNBf jvf rsqsY. spsrkc htf rq sp,
.(74 /3 B n5 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1U ^:M : @ ‫א‬: /4 5 ‫ א‬1U S:: O :)
205
zKGf{, sbj stfjslv sbjD, ³bjeAiafåslv hlD.
ˆmb zsbj jfu zfsY, pf zfm stfsjslv ubA jvf ³hL. dj§Â kf Jfn stfsjslv
ubA Û¢de hst oBA rq. zfv kfƒ rsqsY bhDosBv s[sÛ.
bhD jvDm -sj kf]v dbsuv ubA ˆhQ mc'dmbslv ubAW [mf iafKGbf jvfv dbslGw
slWqf rsqsY. spsrkc ƒd²ÀoIfv ([mfiafKGbf)W ˆjde ƒhflk. sbjD W mpGflf hxdÝv
ubA bhD -sj ƒd²ÀoIfv jvfv dbslGw slWqf rsqsY. djQhf …sÜwA rt …©mskv
dlj dbslGwbf sp, kfvf spb ƒd²ÀoIfsvv zmcJfsi[D bf rq.

k]fv kf'tDm W kfvdhqfk

kf'tDm W kfvdhqfk-uosk k]fv kctbf sbƒ. ˆjub nhfv yfƒsk shdw zflwG
dw[j drnfsh dkdb siadvk rsqdYstb. zÎ mfbcNsj dhÎ jvfv ubA dkdb ˆ Lvfq
u¦m dbsqdYstb. nxdójkGf W nxó uDshv nfsK ncn©ijG hufq vfJfv dbqm-iÝdk dw[f
slWqfv ubAƒ ixdKhDsk zfomb jsvdYstb.
dkdb dYstb vrmskv bhD. kfƒ k]fv njt kf'tDm W kfvdhqfskW vrmkƒ idvlxó
rq. nvtkf, nrukf, ndròckf, [mfwDtkf W lqfûGkf k]fv dw[fÌsbv iakDj. dkdb
hstdYstb,
.« ‫א‬Q M : 81 'Q q : 81 S3 „:: /: 74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: bQSM: b:81 5?‫و‬: bQSM: 81 S3„4 : 4 V: H4 !5 :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
ªzfmfsj zfïfr dbsuv hAfifsv W zisvv hAfifsv jsEfv j'sv ifEfbdb. hvQ dkdb
zfmfsj nvt dw[j j'sv ifdEsqsYb.« (mcndtm 3763bQ)
mrfb dw[fÈv¢ mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr -ˆv dw[fq dYt zfjDlfr, zfrjfm, ƒhflk,
zfJtfj-ydvÛ, zfyfv-hAhrfv, hAhnf-hfdBuA, nQnfv W nmfu, vfubDdk W pcÝbDdk
ƒkAfdl dhNq.
dkdb dw[f dlsqsYb bmakf W ³LpGwDtkfv mfLAsm hV ncsjZwstv nfsK. kfƒ k]fv
dw[f mfbcsNv mmGmCst ²¿fb jsv dbsqsY ˆhQ mfbcsNv zfsho W zbcHCdksj ±iwG jvsk
sisvsY.
k]fv dw[f-iÝdkv ubA sjfb sjfb dw[fKGD htsk hfLA rsqsY, ªzfmfv dikfmfkf
k]fv ubA jcvhfb srfj! zfdm ƒdkiCshG ˆhQ k]fv isv k]fv yfƒsk shdw nc¦lv dw[j lwGb
jdvdb. zfïfrv jnm! (ˆk hV Hct jvfv isvW) dkdb zfmfsj Lmj slbdb, iarfv
jsvbdb ˆhQ ofdtW slbdb.« (mcndtm 1227, dmwjfk 978bQ)
p]fvf k]fv ncâfr iftb jsvb, k]fsj uDhsbv iKialwGj mfsbb, ytfv isKv zflwG
vfrhfv mfsbb ˆhQ k]fv uDhbD iVfswfbf jsvb, k]fvf nrsuƒ hcUsk ifvshb k]fv
dw[flfsb vsqsY nvt-nc¦lv bDdk-vDdk. pfv zbcnvB jvst ˆjub zflwG dw[j
rWqf pfq ˆhQ dwd[k zflwG mfbcN ³kdv jvf pfq.
jsqjde bDdk iadbLfbspfoA }-
(1) mrfbhD dw[fKGDslv OfsV ˆjƒ nsÌ zsbj ƒtXm yfdisq dlskb bf. hvQ
Èv¢k¶ zbcnfsv pKfÛÁsm shdw zk}iv jm Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNq dw[f dlskb.
 206
spmb dw[f slWqfefƒ k]fv lfdqk¶ dYt bf, hvQ snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt rs¤Y dj bf, kfW
k]fv lfdqk¶ dYt. dkdb ˆjƒ nfsK kf'tDm W kfvdhqk lfb jsv sosYb mfbcNsj.
uc¦lch dhb zfècïfr hstb, `zfmvf bhD -ˆv nsÌ dYtfm. kJb zfmvf
nfhtjsk¶v jfYfjfdY djswfv. zfmvf (k]fv dbje) jcvzfb dw[f jvfv zfso „mfb
dw[f jsvdY. zk}iv jcvzfb dw[f jsv „mfb hxdÝ jsvdY.' (ƒhsb mfufr 61bQ)
zfècïfr dhb mfn†l hstb, `zfmfslv msLA iaskAj stfsj pJb lwde zfqfk
dw[f (mcJ²¿) jvk, kJb kfv zKG hcsU bf sbWqf W snƒ zbcpfqD zfmt bf jsv sbWqf
ipG§À snÈdtsj zdkÛÁm jvk bf.'
zfhc zfècv vrmfb nctfmD (v}) hstb, `zfmfslvsj zfmfslv W²ÀfloB hBGbf
jsvsYb sp, p]fvf bhD -ˆv YfÛ dYstb k]fvf lwde zfqfk dwJst kk[B ipG§À zfv
zfso hfVskb bf, pk[B ipG§À ‰ lw zfqfskv hdBGk W dbslGdwk nm²À zfmt
jsvsYb. kfƒ zfmvf jcvzfb W zfmt …Hqƒ (ˆjƒ nmsq) dw[f jsvdY.' (kfInDv
k¶fhfvD 1/80, ƒhsb jfNDv 1/8)
zsbj mfbcsNv zfmt ˆƒ bDdkv dhivDk. slJshb, kfslv kf'tDm zfsY, kfvdhqk
sbƒ. ƒtXm W lfWqfk zfsY, zfmt sbƒ. hƒ zfsY, iVf sbƒ. zivsj iVsk slq,
dj§Â sn dbsu kf isV bf. kfslv zh²¿f zsbjef snƒ zfkv-Wqftfv mskf, sp zfkv
dhkvB jsv, dj§Â dbsuv ofsq lcoGá. zKhf sn dydbv htl zKhf sn zá, vfskv
zájfsv kfv rfsk Kfsj ialDi. zKhf sn lfdqk¶ iftb jsv, dj§Â kfsk jfu rs¤Y dj
bf, sJqft jsv bf hf Èv¢k¶ slq bf.
zKhf sn ˆmb hAdÙÁ, sp ˆj nsÌ zsbj djYc dwJsk yfq, Ist kfv djYcƒ swJf rq
bf. zKhf sp ˆj nsÌ zsbj djYc dwJfsk yfq, Ist kfv djYcƒ swJfsbf rq bf.
bhhD kf'tDm W kfvdhqfk skmb dYt bf.
(2) dw[fKGDv mfbdnjkf W iasqfubDqkf zbcmfb j'sv kfsj pKfpK dw[f ialfb
jvf. pfv spmb iasqfub, kfsj skmb dw[f slWqf.
ˆjde stfj bhD -ˆv nmDsi zfshlb ufbft, `zfidb zfmfsj zdnqk jv¢b.' dkdb
htstb, ªkcdm vfofd¦hk rsqf bf.« stfjde hfv hfv ˆjƒ zfshlb ufbft. dkdb (iaskAj
hfsvƒ) kfsj ˆjƒ zdnqk jvstb sp, ªkcdm vfofd¦hk rsqf bf.« (hcJfvD 6116bQ)
mczfp htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj …islw dlb.' dkdb htstb,
ªˆmbHfsh zfïfrv ƒhflk jv, spb kcdm k]fsj slJY ˆhQ kcdm dbsusj mxkslv msLA
oBA jv. zfv pdl yfW ksh skfmfsj ˆmb jfsuv jKf hth pf skfmfv is[ ˆ nshv
sysq zdLj nru nfLA.« zk}iv dkdb dbu rfk l¶fvf dbsuv dusHv iadk ƒdÌk jsv
htstb, ªˆef (nQpk vfJ).« (ƒhsb zfdhlX lcbqAf)
ˆj hAdÙÁ bhD -ˆv dbje …id²¿k rsq htt, zfmfsj nQs[si djYc …islw dlb.
dkdb htstb, ªpJb kcdm skfmfv bfmfsp l]fVfsh kJb (mvB isKv idKsjv dhlfq
sbWqfv nmq) swN bfmfp iVfv mskf bfmfp iV. ˆmb jKf hstf bf, pf hst (zisvv
dbje) [mf yfƒsk rq. zfv stfsjslv rfsk pf zfsY kf sKsj n©iCBH G fsh dbvfw rsq
pfW.« (hcJfvD kfvDJ, ƒhsb mfufr 4171 bQ, zfrmfl 5/412, hfƒrfj¶D, dntdntfr nrDrfr 401 bQ)
207
ufsrmfr bhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm durfl jvh
mb²¿ jsvdY, kfƒ zfibfv dbje ivfmwG dbsk ˆsndY.' ˆ jKf ðsb dkdb htstb,
ªskfmfv mf zfsY dj?« ufsrmfr htstb, `r]Af'. dkdb htstb, ªkfrst kcdm kfv
dJlmsk zdhyt Kfj. jfvB, kfv ilkst skfmfv ufâfk vsqsY.« (ƒhsb mfufr, nrDr
bfnf„ 2908bQ)
(3) kf'tDsm nQtfi W jsKfijKb.
mrfbhD -ˆv dw[fsk vsqsY nQtfsiv msLA dw[fv hAh²¿f. ƒntfm, „mfb W
ƒrnfb dhNqj dw[fmCtj duhvDstv rflDn ˆ dhNsq iadnÝ.
nQtfsiv mfLAsm dw[f wvDqskv ˆjde …ijfvD iÝdk. ˆsk dw[fKGD W swafkfv msb
nkjGkf W msbfspfo nufo Kfsj. mrfbhD `skfmvf dj ufsbf? skfmvf jD msb jv?
skfmfslv jD vfq? skfmvf ht skf---' ƒkAfdl hfjA dlsq nQtfi ðv¢ jvskb.
zftfi-zfstfybfv mfLAsm kf'tDmD iÝdk swafkfv msb lfo jfse shdw. mrfoa§¿
jcvzfb mfuDslW hù nQtfi idvlxó rq. nQtfsiv `j¶ct' (ht) wède kfsk 332
hfv …dïdJk rsqsY. spmb `j¶ftC' (htt) wèdeW ˆjƒ nQJAfq icbvfhxÙ rsqsY. zfv
`j¶f-tf' wède ˆsnsY 529 hfv.
(4) iasqfusb dtsJ W ˆ]sj kftDmlfb.
ƒhsb mfn†l hstb, ˆjdlb bhD ˆjde ykcHu cG zf]jstb ˆhQ ˆv mfUJfsb
ˆjde svJf efbstb spde ykcHcsG uv hfƒsv yst sot. kfviv lc ifw dlsq mfsUv svJfv nfsK
dHksvv dlsj jsqjef sYfe sYfe svJf smtfstb ˆhQ htstb, ªˆ mfUfmfdU svJfef rt
mfbcN. zfv ykcHu Gc de rt kfv mxkcA; pf kfsj dOsv svsJsY. zfv hfƒsvv dlsj hdLGk svJfde
rt kfv zfwf-zfjf£[f. zfv sYfe sYfe svJfÈstf bfbf vjm dhilfil. pdl sn ˆv
ˆjefsj ˆdVsq pfq, ksh zbAef kfsj zfÛÁmB jsv. zfv zbAefsjW pdl ˆdVsq pfq,
ksh ivhkDG zbA ˆjde kfsj zfÛÁmB jsv.« (hcJfvD 6417bQ)
zfècïfr dhb mfn†l hstb, ˆjlf vnCt n¶rs²À ˆjde (nvt) svJf efbstb,
zk}iv htstb, ªˆef zfïfrv nvt iK.« kfviv ‰ svJfdev Ffsb W hfsm zfsvf
zsbj svJf sesb htstb, ªˆƒ rs¤Y dhdHâ iK; pfv iaskAjdev …iv vsqsY wqkfb,
sp ‰ isKv dlsj zfr¶fb jsv (lfWqfk dlsk) Kfsj.« zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ zfqfkde ifE
jvstb }-
H4 JK > : !5 3*/3 HKP ,
B ‫و‬: H4 JK !3:‫ ذ‬3*3 3 : 7: H4 JK /3 :‫ق‬B Y5 b:5 : 12 !‫ אْ א‬1 3 bBI: 5?‫و‬: 1• 1 3 IB 5 'Q n3 b:4 81 R3¦‫א‬: ,
3 ‫א‬:W\: B‫ن‬5 ‫و‬: }
‫( " א م‬١٥٣) {:‫ ن‬nK bBI:
zKGf{, dbÇyq ˆdeƒ zfmfv nvt iK, nckvfQ ˆvƒ zbcnvB jv W dhdHâ isKv
zbcnvB jsvf bf. jvst kf skfmfslvsj kf]v iK rsk dhd¤Yâ jsv sItsh. ˆHfsh
zfïfr skfmfslvsj dbslGw lfb jsvsYb spb skfmvf nfhLfb rW. (nCvf zfbzfm 153
zfqfk, zfrmfl 4142, rfsjm 2938bQ)
(5) dhdHâ …it[A W dhswN nmqsj jfsu tfdosq kf'tDmlfb.
ˆjlf bhD nfrfhfslv ˆj hAdÙÁv ufbfpfq shv rsq jhv J]cVsk slvD rd¤Yt
hst snJfsb hsn sostb. k]fv zfsw-ifsw njt nfrfhfoBW dbÇyci, LDv W wf§ÀHfsh
 208
hsn sostb. kJb mrfbhD -ˆv rfsk ˆjde jfsEv ecjvf dYt pfv äfvf dkdb (dyd§Àk
hAdÙÁslv bAfq) mfdesk lfo jfedYstb. zk}iv dkdb mfKf …Efstb ˆhQ htstb,
ªskfmvf zfïfrXv dbje jhsvv zfpfh rsk ifbfrX yfW.« dkdb ˆ jKf lcƒ dj dkbhfv
htstb. kfviv htstb, ªmcdmb hf¦lf pJb lcdbqfsj kAfo jvsk ˆhQ zfsJvfskv
dlsj zoanv rsk Kfsj, kJb kfv dbje zfnmfb rsk …϶t syrfvfdhdwó ˆjlt
dIdvñf zfsnb----.«
ˆƒHfsh dkdb mc'dmb W jfsIsvv mxkcA nmqjftDb zh²¿f hBGbf j'sv
nfrfhfoBsj …islw dlstb.
ˆjlf dkdb ˆjde jfbjfef mxk Yfot-Yfbfv ifw dlsq ifv rsq pfWqfv nmq
htstb, ªskfmfslv sj ˆefsj ˆj dlvrfm dlsq djbsk yfq?« stfsjvf htt, `zfmvf
kf nfmfbA djYcv dhdbmsqW yfƒ bf.' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfrv jnm! zfïfrv dbje
lcdbqf ˆv yfƒskW zdLj dbjxókv.« (mcndtm, dmwjfk 5157 bQ)
(6) mrfbhD -ˆv kf'tDsm dYt HDdkialwGsbv nfsK zfoar nxdó W zbcsiavBfv vDdk.
jcIstv ifwfifdw ncIstv hqfb, wfd²Àv ifwfifdw wfd§Àv hBGbf, ufrfâfsmv ifsw
ufâfskv hBGbf. zfv ˆmb vDdk zft-jcvzfsbW …sïJ rsqsY hùhfv.
mrfbhD mczfp W zfhC mCnf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf)sj lfWqfskv jfsu ƒqfmfb
ifEfhfv nmq hstdYstb,
.( Y5 3b:ž
4 I: !5 ‫و‬: : ‫و‬: Œ5 I:‫و‬: ‫א‬: Yq S:I1 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬: fM /:‫و‬: ‫א‬: M : I1 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬: M V: )
ªskfmvf nru jv, jdEb jsvf bf. ncnQhfl lfW, hDkwaÝ jsvf bf. iv±iv smsb-
mfdbsq ystf, mkdhsvfL jsvf bf.« (hcJfvD 3038, mcndtm 4526bQ)
(7) iafyDb pcsov jfdrbD hBGbf jvfv mfLAsm kf'tDm W kfvdhqk.
spmb ˆjde diifdnk jcjcvsj ifdb ifb jdvsq ˆj hAdÙÁ ufâfsk sosY. ˆjde
dhVftsj sh]sL svsJ sJsk bf dlsq smsv sIst ˆj mdrtf ufrfâfsm sosY. ƒkAfdl.
(8) dtdJsq kf'tDm slWqf.
nfrfhD zfècïfr ƒhsb zfmXv hstb, zfdm mcJ²¿ jvfv …sÜswA vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
dbje sKsj pf ðbkfm, kf nhƒ dtsJ dbkfm. dj§Â jcvfƒwvf zfmfsj dtJsk dbsNL
j'sv dlt. kfvf htt, `kcdm pf djYc swfb, nhƒ dtsJ bfW zKy vfnCtcïfr rstb
ˆjub mfbcN. vfo W zfb¦l …Hq zh²¿fskƒ dkdb jKf hstb.' nckvfQ zfdm stJf
há j'sv dltfm ˆhQ ˆ jKf vfnCtcïfr -sj ufbftfm. dkdb kf ðsb dbsuv mcsJv
dlsj zfÌct dlsq ƒdÌk j'sv htstb,
.((ÀZO : !> @A 1*S483 1‫ج‬1 ž4 V: 8: 3•3&: /3 R3 Yْ : c3W!> ‫א‬: 5 d 4 b1Pْ ‫))א‬
zKGf{, stsJf, snƒ nÙfv wiK pfv rfsk zfmfv iafB! ˆ (mcJ) sKsj nkA hAkDk
zbA djYc shvƒ rq bf. (zfhC lf…l 3646bQ)
stJfv mfLAsmƒ YdVsq sot ƒntfm ixdKhDv yfdv iafs§À. stJfv mfLAsmƒ ncnQvd[k
rt jk wk ƒtXsmv Hfàfv.
(9) iasw´fÙsvv mfLAsm kftDm W kfvdhqfk.
209
ªkcdm dj ufsbf, hf¦lf …iv zfïfrv ˆhQ zfïfrv …iv hf¦lfv rj jD?« (hcJfvD
5967, mcndtm 152bQ)
ªkcdm dj ufsbf, skfmfv jfsY zfïfrv djkfshv sjfbX zfqfkde mpGflfq nhsysq
hV?« (mcndtm 1921bQ)
ªht sldJ, ˆmb sjfbX ofY zfsY, pfv …imf ˆjub mcndtsmv, pfv ifkf Usv bf?«
(hcJfvD 61, mcndtm 7276bQ)
ªskfmvf dj ufsbf, db}ö sj?« (mcndtm 6744bQ) ƒkAfdl
ˆƒHfsh iaw´ jsv dw[fKGDv msb zfoar nxdó jsvsYb ˆhQ kfv smLf ivD[f jsvsYb
zflwG dw[fÈv¢.
(10) jJsbf iasw´v …Ùv bf dlsq zbA dw[fKGDv msbfspfo zfjNGB jvskb mrfb
W²Àfl.
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ k]fsj htstb, `ˆmb dudbsnv jKf htcb, pf zfmfsj ufâfskv
dbjehkGD jvsh ˆhQ ufrfâfm sKsj lCsv vfJsh.'
dkdb …Ùv bf dlsq nfrfhfosBv iadk kfjfstb. kfviv htstb, ªstfjde kWIDj
hf drlfqfkiafå rsqsY.« zk}iv kfsj nsìfLb jsv htstb, ªjD spb htst?«
kJb stfjde dbu jKfv icbvfhxdÙ Oefstf ˆhQ bhD k]fv …Ùv dlstb. (mcndtm 113bQ)
(11) zsbj nmq djYc dw[f slWqfv iadkwa¢dk dlsq dw[fKGDv msb zdLj zfoar,
zfjf£[f W ƒtXsmv iadk tftnf nxdó jvfv …sÜswA [Bjft dhvk Kfjskb. zk}iv
dw[fKGDv zfshlsb dw[BDq jKf htskb.
zfhC nf„l vfsI' ƒhsb mczfïf hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr zfmfsj htstb,
.(3&~
3 4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬74 83 :‫ج‬1 ž 4 I: ‫ن‬4 5 : 4 65 @‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ ‫ א‬R3 "N : 1 :Hƒ5 4 5 5h'1 q : K !5 5 )
ªmndul sKsj shv rhfv iCshGƒ skfmfsj dj jcvzfsbv nhsysq hV (mfrfk¹AiCBG)
nCvf dwdJsq slh bf?« ˆƒ nfsK dkdb zfmfv rfk Lvstb. zk}iv pJb zfmvf hfƒsv
pfWqfv ƒ¤Yf jvtfm, kJb zfdm dbshlb jvtfm, `ƒqf vfnCtcïfr! zfidb sp zfmfsj
htstb, skfmfsj zhwAƒ jcvzfsbv nhsysq hV (mfrfk¹AiCBG) nCvf dwdJsq slh?'
nckvfQ dkdb htstb, ª(kf rs¤Y) `zftrfmlc dtïfdr vfdêt zftfmDb' (nCvf Ifskrf).
ˆde rs¤Y `nfh… mfnfbD' (zKGf{, bfmfsp hfvQhfv idEkhA nå zfqfk) ˆhQ mrf
jcvzfb; pf zfmfsj lfb jvf rsqsY.« (hcJfvD 4474bQ)
(12) jJsbf dw[fKGDv sjfb zÌ LfvB jsv dw[f dlskb. pfsk kfv nfsK ±mxdk
dhudVk sKsj pfq. spmb iCshGfÙÁ zfhC nfƒl dhb mczfïfv rflDsn …sïJ rsqsY.
zbcv™i ˆjlf dkdb htstb,
.(B7X@ /3 1 ': 4 V: 74 8: B7X1 '1 q : V1 ‫و‬4 5 B7X@ /3 1 ': 4 : 5 ‫ ٍل‬#
:;
3 :•'4 ;: R3b8B K 74 83 1W; 1 ْ‚V: 74 8: )
ªzfmfv …©mskv sp hAdÙÁ i]fyde zfyvB oarB jvsh, kf zfmt jvsh zKhf kfsj
dw[f slsh, sp kf zfmt jvsh?«
zfhC ùvfƒvf htstb, `zfdm sr zfïfrv vnCt!' zk}iv dkdb zfmfv rfk
Lvstb ˆhQ ‰ i]fyde zfyvB Èbstb, ªdbdNÝ W rfvfm dudbn sKsj sh]sy Kfj, kfrst
kcdm mfbcsNv msLA nhsysq hV zf'shl (ƒhflkjfvD) oBA rsh. zfïfr pf skfmfsj
 210
dlsqsYb, kfskƒ idvkcó Kfj, ksh kcdmƒ mfbcsNv msLA nhsysq hV LbD rsh.
iadkshwDv iadk zbcora jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de) mc'dmb dhshdyk rsh. mfbcsNv
ubAW kf-ƒ iY¦l jv, pf kcdm dbsuv ubA iY¦l jv, kfrst kcdm ˆjub (Jf]de)
mcndtm oBA rsh. zfv Jch shwD rfnsh bf, jfvB, zdLj rfdn z§Àvsj smsv sIst.«
(zfrmfl, dkvdmpD 2305, n} ufsm 100bQ)
(13) zsbj nmq dw[fv HCdmjf öv™i ˆmb ˆjde Oebf hf dudbnsj …i²¿fib
jvskb, pfsk snƒ Oebf hf dudbn msb iVst hf slJst snƒ dw[BDq dhNqde
±mxdkise sHsn WsE. spmb sjfb dbdlGó ncoá hf bfsj ˆst zKhf lxwA syfsJ ˆst kfv
nfsK ±mxdk-dhudVk Oebf msb isV pfq.
zfhc …Nmfb bfrlD (v}) hstb, ˆjlf ˆjde ofsYv dbsy zfdm nftmfb -ˆv nfsK
(hsn) dYtfm. dkdb ofsYv ˆjde ð®j Fft Lsv drdtsq dlstb. ˆsk Ffstv nm²À
ifkfÈdt Usv sot. zk}iv dkdb htstb, `sr zfhc …Nmfb! kcdm zfmfsj duÎfnf
jvsh bf dj sp, sjb zfdm ˆv™i jvtfm?' zfdm httfm, `sjb jvstb?' dkdb
htstb, `ˆjlf zfdmW zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfsK ofsYv dbsy dYtfm. dkdb zfmfv
nfmsb zbcv™i jvstb; ofsYv ˆjde ð®j Fft Lsv drdtsq dlstb. ˆsk kfv nm²À
ifkf Jsn iVt. zk}iv htstb, ªsr nftmfb! kcdm zfmfsj duÎfnf jvsh bf dj sp,
sjb zfdm ˆv™i jvtfm?« zfdm httfm, sjb jvstb? dkdb …Ùsv htstb,
ªmcndtm pJb nc¦lvHfsh Wpc jsv i]fy WqfÙÁ bfmfp isV, kJb kfv ifivfdw dEj
‰Hfshƒ Usv pfq, spHfsh ˆƒ ifkfÈstf Usv sot. zfv dkdb ˆƒ zfqfk ifE jvstb,
.((:7V4@ P3 ‫א‬BW !3 x Pْ 3‫ ذ‬5h!3‫ ذ‬،3UvMB !‫ א‬:74\3 W4 V1 U
3 S:: +
: !ْ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ،@ 4>!‫ א‬:78M ً Y5!‫ز‬1 ‫و‬: @ X: SB!‫ @ א‬5 : ¦5 "5 5 #
B !‫@ א‬H63 5 ‫و‬: ))
zKGf{, zfv kcdm dlsbv lc' iaf§ÀHfso W vfskv iaKmfQsw bfmfp jfsqm jv. icBAvfdw
zhwAƒ ifivfdwsj lCvDHCk jsv slq. (zfïfrv) n¹vBjfvDslv ubA ˆ rt ˆj n¹vB.
(nCvf rCl 114 zfqfk) (zfrmfl 23707, bfnf„, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 6151, nrDr kfvoDh 363bQ)
(14) k]fv ˆjde kfvdhqfkD iÝdk rstf, dkdb zsbj jKf htfv nmq nQJAf
hAhrfv jvskb. spmb }-
ªdkbde dudbn pfv msLA rsh, sn „mfsbv dmókf tfH jvsh.« (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm 174bQ)
ªyfvde dudbn pfv msLA Kfjsh, sn J]fde mcbfdIj rsq pfsh.« (hcJfvD 34, mcndtm 219bQ)
(15) jJsbf dkdb ƒwfvf W ƒdÌk hAhrfv jvskb. spmb }-
ªzfdm W ˆkDsmv kÙ¶fhLfbjfvD ufâfsk ˆHfsh (ifwfifdw) Kfjh.« ˆ jKf htfv
nmq dkdb (kf]v) kuGbD W mLAmf zfÌct dmdtsq …Hsqv mfsU ˆjec I]fj svsJ ƒwfvf
j'sv slJfstb. (hcJfvD 5304bQ)
(16) jJsbf sjfb jKf hBGbfv nmq kf hf²Àsh v™ilfb jsv slJfskb. spmb }-
ˆjlf dkdb hqfb jvdYstb, (bhufk dwðslv msLA) slftbfq dkbubƒ mfÛ jKf
hstsY; mfvqAfsmv icÛ „nf, (hfbD ƒnaf„stv) ucvfƒsuv (idhÛkfv nf[D) dwð, zfv
hfbD ƒnaf„stv zbA ˆj dwð kfv mfsqv lcL ifb jvdYt. ˆmb nmq kfv ifw
dlsq …{jxó nWqfvDsk zfsvfrD ˆj nclwGb icv¢N yst sot. kfv mf lczf j'sv htt,
`sr zfïfr! zfmfv sYstdesj Wv mskf jsvf.' dwðde kJdb mfsqv lcL sYsV dlsq snƒ
211
zfsvfrDv dlsj dIsv kfdjsq htt, `sr zfïfr zfmfsj Wv mskf jsvf bf.' kfviv
mfsqv lcsLv dlsj dIsv lcL ycNsk tfot.
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, `vfnCtcïfr dbsuv kuGbD zfÌctsj dbu mcsJ ycsN dwðdev
lcL ifb slJfsk tfostb. zfdm spb kf ˆJsbf slJsk ifd¤Y.' (hcJfvD 3436, mcndtm 6673bQ)
(17) mrfbhD k]fv kf'tDsm …imf hAhrfv jvskb zsbj. kfsk zsbj zufbf
dudbn nrsu ufbf pfq, zshfLA dudbn hcUsk nru rq, kf msb vfJfW zfnfb rq.
spmb }-
ªzfmfv W skfmfslv …lfrvB ‰ hAdÙÁv mskf sp zfÈb iaud¶ tk jvt. zk}iv
kfsk …¤ycÌ W ikÌ iVsk zfvý jvt, zfv sn hAdÙÁ kf rsk kfslvsj hfLf dlsk
tfot. zfdmW skfmfslv sjfmv Lsv skfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv zfÈb sKsj hf]yfd¤Y, zfv
skfmvf zfmfv rfk sKsj Ycse dosq (ufrfâfsmv zfÈsb) idkk r¤Y.« (mcndtm 6095bQ)
ªmc'dmbslv zfsifsnv msLA ˆsj zisvv iadk n©iaDdk, lqf W mfqf-
mmkfv …lfrvB (ˆjde) slsrv mskf. pJb slsrv sjfb zÌ iDdVk rq, kJb kfv
ubA nfvf slr zdblaf W u¶sv zfÛÁf§À rq.« (hcJfvD 6011, mcndtm 6751bQ)
ªmc'dmb mc'dmsbv ubA zfqbf öv™i.« (zfhC lf†l 4918, dkvdmpD 1929bQ)
ªmdrtf if]usvv rfsVv mskf. pdl kcdm kfsj snfuf jvsk yfW, ksh kcdm kf sHsÌ
sItsh. zfv pdl kcdm kfv äfvf …ijxk rsk yfW, kfrst kfv ˆ hf]jf zh²¿fskƒ rsk
rsh.« (hcJfvD 5184, mcndtm 3717bQ)
ªif]y WqfsÙÁv bfmfspv …lfrvB iaycv ifdbsk idviCBG ‰ blDv mskf, pf skfmfslv
jfsvf lcqfsvv (nfmsb hsq) iahfdrk rq, pfsk sn ³ldbj if]yhfv sofnt jsv.« (mcndtm
1555bQ)
ªjcvzfb ifEjfvD mcdmsbv …lfrvB rs¤Y dEj hfkfhD sthcv mskf; pfv OafB …Ùm
ˆhQ öflW …Ùm. zfv sp mc'dmb jcvzfb isV bf kfv …lfrvB rs¤Y dEj sJucsvv
mskf; pfv (…Ùm) OafB skf sbƒ, ksh öfl dmó. (zbAdlsj) jcvzfb ifEjfvD
mcbfdIsjv lxóf§À rs¤Y ncodámq (kctnD) ofsYv mskf; pfv OafB …Ùm, dj§Â öfl dkÙÁ.
zfv sp mcbfdIj jcvzfb isV bf kfv …lfrvB rs¤Y dEj mfjft Istv mskf; pfv
(…Ùm) OafB sbƒ, öflW dkÙÁ.« (hcJfvD 5020, mcndtm 1896bQ)
ªjcvzfb-Wqftf (rfsIp) rt h]fLf …e-Wqftfv mskf. (sn pdl kf h]fLfv iv kfv
pKfvDdk slJfswfbf jsv, kfrst h]fLfƒ Kfjsh. bsy{ dTt dlstƒ …e ifdtsq pfsh.)«
(hcJfvD 5033, mcndtm 1880bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ dbsuv lfb dIdvsq sbq, sn ‰ jcjcsvv mskf, sp hdm jsv, kfviv kf
zfhfv sJsq sIst.« (hcJfvD 2623, mcndtm 4248bQ) ƒkAfdl.
mfbcsNv iafKdmj ipGfsqv Ivp 4de } äDbD ƒtXm dw[f jvf, zfmt jvf, iayfv jvf W
sn nsh ³LpGLfvB jvf. k]fv dw[f W kvdhqsk ³LpGwDtkf W [mfwDtkf dYt. kfƒskf
dkdb dYstb nhGswaô dw[fÈv¢, uolXÈv¢.
 212

k]fv mfrfk¹A W mpGflf

p]fv bfm `mcrf©mfl' dkdb iawQdnk. k]fv mfrfk¹A W mpGflf dhNsq dtsJ swN jvfv
mskf [mkf jfsvf sbƒ. sp dlj dbsqƒ k]fv jKf zfstfybf jvshb, sn dlj rskƒ k]fv
mrÙ¶ W mfrfk¹A La¢h kfvjfv mskf Icse …Esh.
mrfb iadkiftj dbsuƒ k]fv jk iawQnf jsvsYb! k]fv jk mpGflf hBGbf jsvsYb!
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj dbu `lfn' hst mpGflf dlsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬١) { ‫א‬Q V3W: : '3 !5 : ْ !3 :‫ ن‬JK : !3 3•3&4 : 5 : :‫ ن‬65 4 YK !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ل‬TB : c3W!> ‫ א‬5g: :I:}
ªjk iafycpGmq dkdb dpdb k]fv lfsnv iadk Icvj¶fb (jcvzfb) zhkDBG jsvsYb.
pfsk sn dhÇhuoskv ubA nkjGjfvD rsk ifsv.« (Icvj¶fb } 1)
dkdb k]fsj nfvf dhsw¶v ubA `vrmk' hstsYb,
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O 4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)
dkdb k]fsj `dbqfmk' hst zfJAfqb jsvsYb,
H \‫ א‬/A " (٢٨) {@ ‫א‬: :!ْ ‫ א‬: ‫א‬:‫ د‬H4 X1 8: 4 65 ْ‫ א‬rO
: 5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q Yْ PK 3*’!‫ א‬5 ': 4 3 ْ‫! א‬K B&/: :7V3W!> ‫! א‬5 @A : I: H4 !5 5 }
zKGf{, kcdm dj kfslv iadk t[A jvdb pfvf zfïfrv zbcosa rv (jxkÎkfv) hlst
zjxkÎkf iajfw jsvsY ˆhQ kfslv n©ialfqsj bfdmsq ˆsbsY L¶Qsnv mcsJ. (ƒhafrDm } 28)
…sÜwA ˆƒ sp, mrfb zfïfr mrfbhD mcrfm¹fl -sj dhw¶hfnDv ubA vrmk W
dbqfmk j'sv ifdEsqsYb, sp ˆƒ dbqfmksj oarB j'sv kfv jlv jvsh, sn jxkÎ
ˆhQ sn ufâfkD rsh. i[f§Àsv sp ˆƒ dbqfmksj iakAfJAfb jvsh ˆhQ kfv hlst
jcIvDsj ˆJdkqfv jvsh, sn jxkO´ ˆhQ sn ufrfâfmD rsh.
zbcv™i hstsYb zbAÛ,
+S!‫( " א‬٨٣) {:‫ون‬1 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬1H\1 1 „:Pْ 5 ‫و‬: X: :‫و‬1 J3 S1V BH‰1 3*’!‫ א‬:9': 4 3 :‫ ن‬K @ 4 V: }
zKGf{, kfvf zfïfrv zbcora dysb sbq, zk}iv kf zöDjfv jsv. zfv kfslv
zdLjfQwƒ zdhw¶fnD. (bfrXt } 83)
pdlW dbqfmskv zKG hAfij, khcW nmCr dbqfmskv msLA mfbhmàtDv ubA
`vfnCtïc fr' ˆjde hV dbqfmk.
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj nhGswN bhD hfdbsqsYb. zKy dkdb djqfmsk njt bhDslv ubA
nf[Döv™i …id²¿k jvshb. dkdb hstsYb,
S!‫( " א‬٤١) {‫א‬Q& X@ : ?1—\: 5 : 5h/3 S:^4 L 3 ‫و‬: N& X@ f: /3 N 8B M PK 738 S:^4 L 3 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A :}4 J5 5 }
213
zKGf{, kJb kfslv jD zh²¿f rsh, pJb iaskAj n©ialfq sKsj ˆjub nf[D
(bhD) …id²¿k jvh ˆhQ skfmfsjW kfslv nf[Dv™si …id²¿k jvh? (dbnf } 41)
iaskAj …©mskv mLA sKsj kfslv iqoìv zfïfrv dbje nf[A dlsq htshb sp,
`sr zfïfr! zfdm skfmfv hfkGf zfmfv ufdkv dbje siZ]sY dlsqdY. kfvf mfsbdb, kfsk
zfmfv sjfb Û¢de sbƒ.' zk}iv k]fslv jKfv nkAfqsb bhD jvDm nf[A slshb sp,
`sr zfïfr! ˆƒ bhDvf njst nkAhflD.' dkdb ˆƒ nf[A snƒ j¶cvzfsbv dHdÙsk slshb,
pf kf]v …iv zhkDBG jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pfsk dhok bhDoB W kf]slv ufdkv ƒdkhxÙ
iasqfubfbcpfqD hdBGk rsqsY.
mrfbhD spJfsb Kfjskb, snJfsb zfïfrv zfpfh zfnk bf. snJfbjfv mfbcN
pkƒ zhfLA srfj, mrfbhD -ˆv mpGflf v[fsKG mrfb zfïfr kfslv iadk zfpfh siavB
jvskb bf. dkdb hstsYb,
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٣٣) {:‫ون‬1 Y3 “4 b:4 V: H4 \1 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /:MW: 81 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 :9 5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 /:MW: 1 !3 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfïfr ˆv™i bb sp, kcdm kfslv msLA Kfjf zh²¿fq dkdb kfslvsj wfd²À
slshb ˆhQ dkdb ˆv™i bb sp, kfslv [mf iafKGbf jvf zh²¿fq dkdb kfslvsj wfd²À
slshb. (‚bXIft } 33)
mrfb zfïfr mfbcNsj zfslw jsvsYb, kfvf spb k]fv bhD -ˆv iadk zflshv nfsK
jKfhfkGf hst. dkdb hstsYb,
X: V25 V: (١) H< 3: Š< '3 : :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫@ א‬c:&V: :74 /: ‫ א‬81 M&n5 I1 !5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
•5 :+
4 I: ‫ن‬5 m
ٍ 4 :!3 H4 JK 3 4 /: @ X4 ~
: P5 @‫ل‬4 n5 !ْ /3 1*!5 ‫وא‬1 X: ~
4 I: !5 ‫و‬: MR3 SB!‫ א‬3U4 ,
: :‫ق‬4 5 H4 JK I:‫א‬: ,
4 5 ‫ א‬1 5 4 I: !5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!>‫א‬
U‫( " א(~ א‬٢) {:‫ون‬1 1 f4 I: !5 H4 b1 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !K ': 4 5
zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv nfmsb skfmvf sjfb dhNsq zoaBD rsqf
bf ˆhQ zfïfrsj Hq jv, dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGÎ. sr „mfblfvoB! skfmvf
bhDv jØösvv …iv dbsuslv jØöv …]yc jsvf bf ˆhQ dbsuslv msLA spHfsh …¤y ösv
jKf ht, kfv nfsK snƒHfsh …¤y ösv jKf hstf bf; jfvB ˆsk zÎfknfsv skfmfslv
jmG db®It rsq pfsh. (ùucvfk } 1-2)
mrfb zfïfrv dbje k]fv bhDv ˆk hV mpGflf dYt sp, mfbcsNv sjfb jKfq k]fv mb
Jfvfi rst nsÌ nsÌ k]fsj nf§À¶bf dlskb, mb}[cB´ rsk W msb jó sisk dbsNL
jvskb, k]fv kvI sKsj iadkhfl jvskb.
(j) ˆ hAfifsv zfhC tfrfshv hÜczf iadnÝ. mrfb zfïfr kfsjƒ if¬ef hÜczf dlsq
nCvf tfrfh zhkDBG jsvdYstb.
(J) pJb bhD -ˆv sjfb sYst-n§Àfb uDdhk Kfjt bf, kJb djYc jfsIv k]fsj
dbhGQw htsk tfot. ˆƒ jKfv …isv zfïfr kfzftf mrfbhD -sj nf§Àb¶ f dlsq
htstb, dbhGQw kcdm bW; hvQ skfmfv lcwmbvfƒ dbhGQw rsh. ˆv nfsK dkdb k]fsj
rWsp jfWNfv lfb jvfv jKf sOfNBf jsv JcwD jvstb. zhkDBG jvstb nCvf jfWNfv,
(٣) {1 b:/4 5 ‫ א‬: \1 5h^:3 : B‫@ن‬A (٢) 4 +
: 4‫א‬:‫ و‬5h/M: !3 M #
: 5 (١) : ‰:4 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬5g S:4 Œ5 4 5 B@A}
 214
zKGf{, zfdm zhwAƒ skfmfsj (rWsp) jf…Nfv lfb jsvdY. nckvfQ kcdm skfmfv
iadkiftsjv …sÜswA bfmfp zflfq jv ˆhQ jcvhfbD jv. dbÇyq skfmfv iadk dhsäN
sifNBjfvDƒ rt dbhGQw. (jf…Nfv } 1-3)
nckvfQ mrfb zfïfr k]fv hQwsj kf]v jbAfv iv©ivf äfvf djqfmk ipG§À zhdwó
vfJstb. ˆ YfVf kf]v …©mkW kf]v zfLAfdk¹j n§Àfsbvƒ ipGfqHcÙÁ. pfslv zfdLjA
dbsq dkdb djqfmsk zbAfbA …©mskv …iv ohG jvshb. ˆ YfVfW bhD -ˆv bfm
nfvf dhsw¶ hV waÝf W n©mfsbv nfsK sbWqf rq. i[f§Àsv k]fv wÛ¢slv bfm ðLcmfÛ
ƒdkrfsnv ifkfskƒ stJf isV zfsY. jfsvf z§Àsv kfslv iadk waÝf sbƒ ˆhQ jfsvf
mcsJ iawQnfv nfsK kfslv bfm …sïJ rq bf.
mrfbhD -ˆv hAdKk r™lqsj …{nfdrk jvfv ubA jfWNfv lfsbv jKf ufdbsq
dlstb.
jfWNfsvv dhdHâ zKG hBGbf jvf rsqsY. ƒhsb jfNDv (v}) `iaHCk jtAfB' zKGsj
iafLfbA dlsqsYb. jfvB ˆƒ zKG sbWqfsk ˆmb hAfijkf vsqsY, pfsk zbAfbA zKG
wfdmt rsq pfq. spmb, nrDr rflDsn htf rsqsY sp, `ˆef ˆjde brv pf shsrsñ bhD
-sj lfb jvf rsh'. sjfb sjfb rflDsn jfWNfv htsk `rWp' hcUfsbf rsqsY. sp
rWp rsk „mfblfvvf ufâfsk pfWqfv iCshG bhD -ˆv mchfvj rfsk ifdb ifb jvsh.
ufâfskv ‰ brv sKsjƒ ifdb snƒ rWspv msLA zfnsk Kfjsh. zbcv™i lcdbqfv dhuq,
bhD -ˆv mpGflf W JAfdk, dyv²¿fqDHfsh k]fv ncbfm ˆhQ zfsJvfskv iadklfb W
dhdbmq ƒkAfdl nm²À dudbnƒ `iaHCk jtAfB'-ˆ wfdmt rsq pfq. (ƒhsb jfNDv, zfrnfbct hfqfb)
(o) ˆjlf diaq bhD znc²¿ rsq iVstb. lc-dkb vfsk dkdb kfrfÏcl iVstb bf.
zfhc ufrstv ²ÃD …s©m ufmDt kf]v dbje ˆsn htt, `Wsr mcrf©mfl! msb rq spb
skfmfv wqkfb skfmfsj idvkAfo jsvsY. sjbbf, lc-dkb vfdÛ sKsj slJdY, sn skfmfv
dbje zfsn bf.' ˆv …Ùsv zfïfr kfzftf nCvf p¶crf zhkDBG jvstb. (hcJfvD 4950,
mcndtm 4758bQ)
ªpfsk htf rsqsY, wiK iChfG srÁv (dlsbv iaKm Hfsov). wiK vfdÛv; pJb kf
nmf¤Yâ j'sv sIst. skfmfv iadkiftj skfmfsj idvkAfo jsvbdb ˆhQ skfmfv iadk
dhv™iW rbdb. skfmfv ubA ivhkDG nmq skf iChhG kDG nmq zsi[f zdLj swaq.
zdysvƒ skfmfv iadkiftj skfmfsj (ˆmb djYc) lfb jvshb, pfsk kcdm n§Âó rsh.
dkdb dj skfmfsj dikxrDb zh²¿fq ifbdb, zk}iv skfmfsj zfwaq lfb jsvb db?
dkdb skfmfsj sistb iKrfvf zh²¿fq, zk}iv dkdb isKv dbslGw dlstb. dkdb
skfmfsj sistb db}ö zh²¿fq, zk}iv zHfhmcÙÁ jvstb. zkˆh kcdm dikxrDsbv
iadk jsEfv rsqf bf ˆhQ dH[cjsj Lmj dlsqf bf. zfv kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv
zbcosa rv jKf hAÙÁ jv.«
mrfbhD -ˆv mpGflf hLGsbv ubA mrfb zfïfr k]fv iadk hù zbcora ialfb jsvsYb.
kfv msLA ˆjde rt, dkdb k]fv h[sj iaw²À jsv dlsqsYb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
i f!‫( " א‬١) {5g: &4 ,
: 5h!5 i4 : f4 : H4 !5 5 }
zKGf{, zfdm dj skfmfv h[sj iaw²À j'sv dlƒdb? (ƒbdwvfr } 1)
215
mrfb zfïfr zhwAƒ k]fv h[sj zfstfdjk W …lfv jsvdYstb. k]fv msLA dYt bf
sjfb nQjDBGkf, dYt bf zbclfvkf, [mfwCbAkf, zfk¹sjd¦ûjkf hf öfKGivkf.
k]fv hs[ zbAfq sÛÁfL dYt bf, dh¦lc idvmfB stfH dYt bf, zrQjfv dYt bf,
zhfdÒk smfr dYt bf, sjfb drQnf W ivwaDjfkvkf dYt bf.
htf rq sp, ˆƒ ubAƒ ˆjfdLjhfv k]fv h[ dhlfvB jsv pmpsmv ifdb äfvf k]fv
r™lqsj sLZk jvf rsqdYt. (kfInDv ƒhsb jfNDv û})
mrfb zfïfr k]fv diaq bhDv bfmsj …]yc jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
i f!‫( " א‬٤) {5g: Pْ 3‫ ذ‬5h!5 S:4 5 : ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfv zfdm skfmfv JAfdksj nmc¤y jsvdY. (‚tfm bfwXXvfr } 4)
dkdb dbsuv bfsmv nfsK k]fv bfm ucsV k]fv n©mfb hLGb jsvsYb.
jfstmfsq wfrflfsk vsqsY k]fv bfm.
zfpfsb vsqsY k]fv bfm.
ƒjfmsk vsqsY k]fv bfm.
bfmfspv kfwfrXùsl vsqsY k]fv bfm.
Jckhfq vsqsY k]fv bfm.
ˆmb sjfbX nmq zfsY, sp nmsq k]fv bfm …sïJ rq bf zKhf k]fv bfsm lv™l ifE rq
bf? lcdbqfq sjfKfW bf sjfKfW iaskAj nmsq zfpfb, ƒjfmk, kfwfrXùl hf Jckhf
rs¤Yƒ rs¤Y. nckvfQ lcdbqfv hcsj nlf-nhGlf k]fv bfm ÈÓdvk rs¤Y.
mrfb zfïfr jcvzfb jfvDsmv iafq 60 ²¿st k]fv dbsuv nfsK mrfbhD -sj
vnCtv™si nQpcÙÁ jsvsYb. spmb }-
" n !‫( " א‬٢٧٩) {3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M N$4 +: /3 ْ‫ א‬1:‫‚ْذ‬5 ْ‫ א‬K : Yْ I: H4 !> ‫‘@ن‬5 }
zfv pdl skfmvf (nCl huGb) bf jv, kfrst zfïfr W kfv vnCstv i[ sKsj pcÝ
ncdbdÇyk ufsbf. (hfj¶fvfr } 279)
S!‫( " א‬١٣) {1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 V1 7:8‫و‬: }
sp zfïfr W vnCstv zbcok rsq ytsh---. (dbnf } 13)
S!‫( " א‬١٤) {1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫˜@ א‬4 V: 7:8‫و‬: }
i[f§Àsv sp zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLA rsh---. (dbnf } 14)
S!‫( " א‬١٠٠) {3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫! א‬5 @A ‫א‬Q L
3 X: 81 3*b3 4 /: 738 ‫ج‬4 1 ž 4 V: 7:8‫و‬: }
sp sj… zfïfr W vnCstv …sÜswA oxrkAfoD rsq shv rsh---. (dbnf } 100)
S!‫( " א‬١٣٦) {3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 - ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
sr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrsk, kf]v vnCst----dhw¶fn ²¿fib jv. (dbnf } 136)
"&s ‫( " א‬٣٣) {1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬/1@ + : V1 :7V3W!> ‫א א‬:TL : ': B@A}
pfvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv dhv¢sÝ pcÝ jsv, kfslv wfd²À---. (mfdqlfr } 33)
"&s ‫( " א‬٥٥) {1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬1HJK 2!3‫و‬: ': B@A}
 216
dbÇyq skfmfslv hác skf zfïfr, kf]v vnCt---. (mfdqlfr } 55)
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٣٢) {:‫' ن‬1 O : 4 I1 H4 JK > : !5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫א‬:‫ و‬:*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: }
zfv skfmvf zfïfr W vnCstv zfbcokA jv, pfsk skfmvf jxiftfH jvsk ifv.
(‚st ƒmvfb } 132)
ˆj kInDv msk mrfb zfïfr swN bhD -ˆv hAfifsv zbAfbA bhDosBv dbje
sKsj zÌDjfv oarB jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
H4 JK : 8: ': !q ‫ <ق‬M&#
: 82 ‫ <ل‬1 : H4 PK L
: BH‰1 N ': Jْ O
3 ‫و‬: N$ b:P3 7M8 HKJb14 I:- ': !5 :74 M 3 SB!‫ א‬:‫„ ق‬: 83 1*’ !‫ א‬:W;
: 5 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
:78M HKJ: 8: ْ :5 ‫و‬: ْ‫وא‬1&X: 4 5 :‫ ل‬65 :4 : 6ْ 5 ْ‫! א‬K 65 c@ ,
4 @A H4 JK !3:‫ ذ‬5 : H4 I1W4 ;
: 5 ‫و‬: H4 I14 : 6ْ 5 5 :‫ ل‬65 1*B1 #
1 S:b!5 ‫و‬: 3*/3 B7S183 —4 b1!5
‫ل ' אن‬- " (٨١) {:7V3&\3 fB !‫א‬
zKGf{, zfv pJb zfïfr bhDslv dbje sKsj zÌDjfv dbstb sp, zfdm skfmfslvsj
djkfh W iaÎf lfb jvdY, zk}iv skfmfslv jfsY pf zfsY, kfv nmKGjv™si pJb
ˆjub vnCt zfnsh, kJb dbÇyq skfmvf kfsj dhw¶fn W nfrfpA jvsh. dkdb htstb,
`skfmvf dj öDjfv jvst ˆhQ zfmfv zÌDjfv oarB jvst?' kfvf htt, `zfmvf
öDjfv jvtfm.' dkdb htstb, `ksh skfmvf nf[D Kfj ˆhQ zfdmW skfmfslv nfsK
nf[D vƒtfm.' (‚st ƒmvfb } 81)
zflm nxdóv zfso sKsjƒ k]fv bhczskv jKf iadnÝ svsJsYb. ƒhafrDm -ˆv iv
sKsj iaskAj bhD-mfvI{ mfbcsNv mfsU k]fv ðHfomb-nQhfl iayfv jsvsYb.
dkdb k]fv nhGswN bhD -sj nhGswaô pcso siavB jsvsYb. bhD hstsYb,
.(3* 3 19S4 PK c3W!> ‫ن@ א‬4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬74 83 19S4 PK bBO
: Q4 n5 5 Q4 65 :‫م‬:‫د‬- R3S/: @‫ون‬1 6K @ 4 ;
: 74 83 19„4 3 /1 )
zKGf{, zfdm zflm-n§Àfsbv nhGswaô wkfèDsk siadvk rsqdY. wkfèDv iv wkfèD
zdkhfdrk rsq snƒ wkfèDsk zfdhHCk G rsqdY, pf zfmfv ubA dbLGfdvk dYt. (hcJfvD
3557bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(H4 X1 : K V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬BH‰1 ،4HX1 : K V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬BH‰1 ،R3 4 65 @‫ون‬1 nK !ْ ‫ א‬1 4 ;
:)
zKGf{, nhGswaô wkfèD zfmfv wkfèD. zk}iv kfv ivhkGD wkfèD. zk}iv kfv
ivhkGD wkfèD (ˆv stfsjvf). (dkvdmpD, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 699bQ)
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj nhGswaô vnCtv™si siavB jsvsYb. dkdbƒ zfIpftct zfdìqf W
zfwvfIct mcvnftDb.
bhDosBv msLA nhGswaô bhD rstb i]fyub } bCr, ƒhafrDm, mCnf, „nf W mcrf©mfl
(zftfƒdrmcn nftfm). …ÙÁ iÑusbv msLA nhGswaô rstb swNbhD mcrf©mfl . dkdbƒ
bhDjct dwsvfmdB. nckvfQ dkdbƒ rstb nxdóv snvf nxdó. nshGv snvf mfbcN. dkdb
hstsYb,
Hٍ 3 \: S3 /: •
ٍ V4 : 6K 74 83 Y5 Œ5 , 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬5 : S:P3 74 83 fQ V4 : 6K Y5 Œ5 ,4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬: 3 ': 4 @A 3&!5 ‫و‬: 74 83 5 : S:P3 Y5 Œ5 ,
4 ‫ א‬:*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A »
.« Hٍ 3 \: S3/: 74 83 3 Y5 Œ5 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr ƒnmf„stv hQwLv sKsj djbfbfsj msbfbDk jsvsYb.
217
j¶vc fƒwsj msbfbDk jsvsYb djbfbf sKsj. hfbD rfswmsj msbfbDk jsvsYb j¶cvfƒw
sKsj. zfv zfmfsj msbfbDk jsvsYb hfbD rfswm sKsj. (mcndtm 6077bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
H4 X1 5 : L
: ‫و‬: ،3*n3 ْ ;
: @ 4;
: R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 :Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 3d3Œ> '1 !ْ ‫ א‬3&4 : @7/4 3*> !‫ א‬3&4 : 17/4 1&'B +
: 81 :5 )
R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 IQ 1 /1 H4 X1 5 : L
: ‫و‬: ،N 5 3 65 @ 4 ;
: R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 : s3 :n5 !ْ ‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: ‫و‬: ،N 65 4 3 @ 4 ;
: R3 R3S5 : ~
: 5 @74 b:65 4 3
.( Q Yْ : H4 PK 1 4 ;
: ‫و‬: bQ4 /: H4 PK 1 4 ;
: :5‚5 ، bQ4 /: H4 \3 @ 4 ;
:
zKGf{, zfdm mcrf©mfl dhb zfècïfr dhb zfèct mcÙfdth. mrfb zfïfr nxdó vybf
j'sv zfmfsj nxdóv snvf (mfbcsNv) ltHcÙÁ jsvsYb. nxdósj (zfvh W zfum) lcƒ
lst dhHÙÁ jsvsYb ˆhQ zfmfsj …Ùm lst ²¿fb dlsqsYb. dkdb dhdHâ sofÛ nxdó
jsvsYb ˆhQ zfmfsj nhGswaô sofsÛ u¦m dlsqsYb. dhdHâ hfdV nxdó jsvsYb ˆhQ
zfmfsj nhGswaô hfdVsk siavB jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfdm hfdVv dlj dlsq skfmfslv
nhGswaô ˆhQ hAdÙÁv dlj dlsqW skfmfslv nhGswaô. (zfrmfl 1788bQ)
dj§Â hcJfvD-mcndtsmv rflDsn zfsY, mrfbhD hstsYb,
3d3 ~
: /3 •
< ¦3 /: : 81 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 1Z Y3 V1 74 8: :‫ول‬B 5 1‫ ن‬PK 5‚5 :‫ ن‬nK : #
4 V: :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 : 81 5 : 3 ‫و‬1 M ž : I1 5? »
.« 1*> !‫ א‬S:„4 b:4 ‫@ א‬7'B 83 :‫ ن‬P5 ‫م‬4 5 34 65 :‫ ق‬5 ‚5 5 :Z3 ,
: 74 ': 3 :‫ ن‬P5 5 x@ ‫د‬4 5 5 5 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬
ªmCnfv …iv zfmfsj iafLfbA dlsqf bf. spsrkc djqfmskv dlb mfbcN mCdYGk rsq
iVsh. zk}iv zfdm nhGiaKm jhv sKsj …sE slJh, mCnf zfvswv ifqfnmCsrv ˆjde
ifqf (zbA ˆj hBGbf msk zfvswv ˆj iaf§À) Lsv zfsYb. zkˆh ufdb bf sp, dkdb
mCdYGk rsqdYstb zKhf (zfïfrsj slJsk yfWqfv nmq kCv ifrfsV) mCdYGk rWqfv
dhdbmsq dkdb mCdYGk rbdb.« (hcJfvD 2411, mcndtm 6302bQ)
ªskfmvf hstf bf sp, zfdm ƒ…bcn dhb mfÙf zsi[f …Ùm.« (hcJfvD 3412, mcndtm
6309bQ)
zbA ˆj rflDsn zfsY, ªskfmvf bhDslv mfsU ˆsj zbAsj swaôk¶ dlsqf bf.«
(hcJfvD 2412, mcndtm 6305bQ)
rfsIp ƒhsb rfufv (v}) hstb, …tfmfoB (ˆƒ iv±iv-dhsvfLD rflDnnmCsrv mfsU
nfmÓnA nfLb jvfv mfbsn) hstsYb, `pdl dkdb nxdóv snvf---ˆ jKf ufbfv isvW ‰
jKf hstsYb, kfrst dkdb dhbq iajfwfsKG hstsYb. zfv pdl sn jKf ufbfv iCshG
hstsYb, kfrst skf sjfb udetkfƒ sbƒ.'
zfsvf htf rsqsY sp, dhswN j'sv ƒ…bcsnv bfm ˆƒ ubA …sïJ jsvsYb, spsrkc
k]fv jfdrbD ðsb zsbsj dbu msb k]fsj kc¤YÎfb jvsk ifsv snƒ zfwËfq. kfƒ k]fv
mpGflfq zkcAdÙÁ j'sv snƒ dYûiK há jsv dlsqsYb. (Ifkùt hfvD 1/212)
htf hfùtA dkdbƒ nxdóv snvf, dkdbƒ ƒmfmct zfdìqf. dj§Â swaôk¶ dlsk dbsNL
jsvsYb, pfsk zbA bhDv mpGflf [cB´ bf rq.
dbsNsLv zKG ˆW rsk ifsv sp, skfmvf bhczk W dvnftfskv hAfifsv jf…sj swaôk¶
dlsqf bf. jfvB kfsk „mfb zfbqsbv hAfifsv njt bhD-vnCt nmfb. spmb mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
 218
8: ‫و‬: ‫ط‬3 :4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ nK 4 V: ‫و‬: :Z+
: 4 @A‫و‬: : 3 ': 4 @A‫و‬: :H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K 8: ‫و‬: S:4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K v:8‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 SB8: - ْ‫! א‬K 6K }
" n !‫( א‬١٣٦) {H4 X1 S4 8M N&O
: 5 :74 /: 1‫ق‬M Y5 1 5? H4 X@ /MB 738 :‫ ن‬23 SB!‫ א‬:RI3 ‫و‬K 8: ‫و‬: : 3 ‫و‬: : 81 :RI3 ‫و‬K
zKGf{, skfmvf ht, `zfmvf zfïfrsk dhÇhfn jdv ˆhQ pf zfmfslv iadk ˆhQ
ƒhafrDm, ƒnmf„t, ƒnrfj, ƒqfjch¶ W kfv hQwLvosBv iadk zhkDBG jvf rsqsY ˆhQ
pf mCnf W „nfsj ialfb jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pf zbAfbA bhDoB kfslv iadkiftsjv dbje
sKsj ialÙ rsqsY kfskW (dhw¶fn jdv). zfmvf kfslv msLA sjfb ifKGjA jdv bf.'
(hfj¶fvfr } 136)
:74 /: 1‫ق‬M Y5 1 5? 3*31 1 ‫و‬: 3*3 b1PK ‫و‬: 3*b3 J5 s3 Æ:8‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 :78: - À PK :‫ ن‬S183 —4 '1 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*/MB 738 3*4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K ': /3 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:78: -}
" n !‫( " א‬٢٨٥) {3*31 2 7M8 N&O
:5
zKGf{, vnCt kfv iadk kfv iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY, kfsk sn
dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsvsY ˆhQ dhÇhfdnoBW; njst zfïfrsk, kf]v dIdvñfosB, kf]v
djkfhnmCsr ˆhQ kf]v vnCtosB dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsvsY. (kfvf hst,) `zfmvf kf]v
vnCtosBv msLA sjfb ifKGjA jdv bf.' (hfj¶fvfr } 285)
zKGf{, nm²À bhDoB zfïfr jkxj G pf djYc sisqsYb hf pf djYc kfs]lv …iv zhkDBG
rsqsY, sn nshv …iv „mfb zfbf uv¢vD. sjfb djkfh W vnCtsj zöDjfv jvf ³hL
bq. sjfb ˆj djkfh hf bhDsj smsb sbWqf ˆhQ sjfb bhDsj zöDjfv jvf rt
bhDslv msLA ifKGjA nCdyk jvf; pf ƒntfsm ShL bq.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(...&< O
3 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 S1V3‫ود‬: bB: H4 X1 I1 X: 8B K ‫و‬: NU> : 74 83 ›": ;
4 @A 1 : 3 4 5 ‫)א‬
zKGf{, bhDvf ³hmfsÛq Hfƒ. k]fslv mf dHâ dHâ, dj§Â äDb zdHâ. (hcJfvD 3443,
mcndtm 6281bQ)
zKy iajk x ia²fÀ sh bhDoB mpGflfq ˆj nmfb bb. ˆ jKf mrfb zfïfrW hstsYb,
(٢٥٣) {NU L : : :‫ د‬H4 X1 : 4 /: :Š5 : ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬:H> P5 7B8 H1XS4 8M m ٍ 4 /: 5 : H4 X1 : 4 /: S:ْ B 5 1 1 2 !‫ א‬5hْ I3 }
zKGf{, ˆ vnCtoB, kfslv msLA jf…sj jfsvf …iv swaôk¶ dlsqdY. kfslv msLA jfsvf
nfsK zfïfr jKf hstsYb, zfv jf…sj …¤y-mpGflfq …âDk jsvsYb. (hfj¶fvfr } 253)
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٥٥) {‫א‬Q /1‫ز‬: :‫ود‬1‫אو‬:‫ د‬S:4 I:-:‫ و‬m ٍ 4 /: 5 : : M 3 SB!‫ א‬:m4 /: S:ْ B 5 &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ‚dm skf bhDslv jkjsj jksjv …iv mpGflf dlsqdY. zfv lf†lsj ‚dm
pfhCv dlsqdY . (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 55)
nckvfQ bhDosBv mpGflfq ifKGjA vsqsY. zfv mpGflfq nhfv yfƒsk hV rstb nhGswN
bhD mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr . dkdb hstsYb,
.« Šٍ Y> f: 81 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: Šٍ 3 : 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: 1 4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬1*S4 : 2Zf: S4 V: 74 8: 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3&!5 ‫و‬: 1&M : :5 »
zKGf{, zfdm djqfmskv dlb zflm-n§Àfbslv nlGfv. iaKm zfmfsjƒ jhv
sKsj …Efsbf rsh ˆhQ iaKm zfdmƒ ncifdvwjfvD W zfmfv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh. (mcndtm
6079bQ)
wfIfzfskv nclDOG rflDnW snƒ jKfƒ iamfB jsv. zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
219
.( ž
4 5 5?‫و‬: :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3&!5 ‫و‬: 1&M : :5 )
zKGf{, zfdmƒ zflm-n§Àfbslv nlGfv. zfv kfsk ohG sbƒ. (dkvdmpD 3148, ƒhsb
mfufr 4308, iamcJ)
dkdb ƒmfmct zfdìqf. ƒnvfv vfsk njt bhDoB k]fv ƒmfmdksk bfmfp isVsYb.
(mcndtm 448bQ)
zbcv™i dkdb hstsYb,
.(ٍ ž
4 5 : 4 ©5 H4 X@ b3 : Y5 : :dO
3 ,
: ‫و‬: H4 X1 : Œ3 ;
: ‫و‬: : M 3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ م‬8: @A 19S4 PK 3 8: :n3 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫م‬4 V: :‫ ن‬P5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A )
zKGf{, djqfmskv dlb ˆst zfdm rh bhDosBv ƒmfm W JkDh ˆhQ k]fslv
wfIfzfk-Wqftf. zfv ˆsk sjfb ohG sbƒ. (zfrmfl 21245, dkvdmpD 3613, ƒhsb mfufr
4314, rfsjm 240bQ)
zfv k]fv sbkxsk¶v jKf ±ió rq djqfmskv dhdHdNjfmq mqlfsb mrfb iadkiftsjv
lvhfsv ncifdvswv nmq.
k]fv uDhÜwfq dkdbƒ bhD. dkdb nhGswN bhDW. k]fv uDhÜwfq W dksvfLfsbv isv
sjfb bhD sbƒ. k]fv hkGmfsb sjfb bhD ˆst dkdb k]fvƒ zbcnvB jvsk hfLA rskb.
dkdb hstsYb,
.(R3S: 3 bBV: ‫ن‬4 5 !> @A 1*!5 B O
: 8: H4 PK @ X1 lْ 5 7: 4 /: ¨ O : : 81 :‫ ن‬P5 4 !5 )
ªpdl mCnf skfmfslv mfsU uDdhk Kfjskb, kfrst zfmfv zbcnvB YfVf k]fv ubA
zbA djYc ³hL rskf bf. (zfrmfl 14631, ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 179, zfhC qAf'tf 2135bQ)
djqfmskv iCshG „nf zhkvB jvshb. dkdbW nhGswN bhDv …©mk rsq
ixdKhDsk zh²¿fb jvshb. …©msk mcrf©mflDv mrfb sbkf ƒmfm mfrlDv diYsb mcÙÁflD
rsq dkdb bfmfp iVshb. zkˆh ˆ jKf nc±ió sp, zfsJvD bhD -ˆv zfomsbv iv
ixdKhDv sjfb mfbcsNv ubA ³hL bq, dkdb YfVf zbA jfsvf zbcjvB W zbcnvB jvf.
mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjde mfrfk¹A ˆƒ sp, djqfmsk k]fv zfk¹Dqkf dYâ rsh bf. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
" n !‫( " א‬١٦٦) {1$ :4 5 ‫ א‬1HX@ /3 9 4 : Œ> n5 I:‫و‬: :$‫א‬:W: !ْ ‫وאْ א‬1 5 : ‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬1 :IB‫ א‬:7V3W!> ‫ א‬:783 ْ‫ א‬1 3 I2‫ א‬:7V3W!> ‫ א‬5 B :I: ‫ذ‬4 @A}
zKGf{, (±mvB jv,) pJb zbcnk x hAdÙÁhoGvf zbcnfvDslv iadk dhmcJ rsh ˆhQ kfvf
wfd²À iakA[ jvsh W kfslv nsÌ nm²À n©ijG dYâ rsq pfsh. (hfj¶fvfr } 166)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(R3 :‫و‬: R3 :: ?@A 3 8: :n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: Š< Œn4S81 d N : :‫و‬: Nd:: 2 PK )
zKGf{, zfmfv ³hhfdrj W hQwDq n©ijG YfVf njt ³hhfdrj W hQwDq n©ijG
djqfmskv dlb dhd¤Yâ rsq pfsh. (k¶fhfvfbD, rfsjm, hfƒrfj¶D, n} ufsm' 4527bQ)
mrfbhD -ˆv mpGflf zbcpfqD k]fv Wub dYt zöfHfdhj.
zfhC pfvG hstb, ˆjlf zfdm vfnCtcïfr -sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `(nhGiaKm)
dbdÇykv™si jDHfsh ufbstb sp, zfidb bhD?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, ªsr zfhC pfvG!
zfdm mÄfv sjfb ˆj hfkXrfsk (…ikAjfv hftcysv) dYtfm. snƒ nmq zfmfv jfsY
lc'ub dIdvwXkf ˆstb. k]fslv msLA ˆjub pmDsb zhkvB jvstb zbA ub zfjfw
 220
W ixdKhDv mfsU wCsbA zh²¿fb jvdYstb. k]fslv ˆjub k]fv nÌDsj htstb, `…dbƒ
dj dkdb?' nÌD htstb, `r]Af.' iaKmub htstb, `…bfsj ˆjub stfj äfvf Wub
jv.' nckvfQ zfmfsj ˆjub stfj äfvf Wub jvf rt. kfsk zfmfv Wub shdw rt.
kfviv iaKmub htstb, `ˆJb …bfsj lwub stfj äfvf Wub jv.' nckvfQ zfmfsj
lwub stfj äfvf Wub jvf rt. kfskW zfmfv Wub shdw rt. kfviv iaKmub
htstb, `ˆJb …bfsj ˆjwk ub stfj äfvf Wub jv.' nckvfQ zfmfsj ˆjwk ub
stfj äfvf Wub jvf rt. kfskW zfmfv Wub shdw rt. kfviv iaKmub htstb,
`ˆJb …bfsj ˆj rfufv ub stfj äfvf Wub jv.' nckvfQ zfmfsj ˆj rfufv ub
stfj äfvf Wub jvf rt. kfskW zfmfv Wub shdw rt. zfdm spb ˆJbW kfslvsj
slJdY, kfslv ifïf rfîf rWqfv lv¢b kfvf zfmfv …iv isV pfd¤Yt!
kfviv iaKmub k]fv nÌDsj htstb,
.( X: +
:L: : !5 3*b3 8B K‚/3 1*b:4 ‫ز‬: ‫و‬: 4 !5 )
`…bfsj pdl k]fv …©mk äfvf Wub jvf rq, kfrstW dbdÇykv™si k]fvƒ Wub shdw
rsh.« (lfsvmD 14, hfpXpfv 4069, dn} nrDrfr 1545bQ)
zfsvf jk wk zfsY k]fv mfrfk¹A W mpGflfv hBGbf. sjfb ˆj zfstm hstsYb, `pdl
kcdm k]fv zfjfv-zfjxdkv dlsj lxjifk jv, kfrst ˆmb snZ¦lpG slJsk ifsh, pfv
iv zfv sjfb snZ¦lpG sbƒ. pdl kcdm k]fv ydvÛ W zfyvsBv iadk t[A jv, kfrst
ˆmb iCBk G f t[A jvsh, pfv iv zfv sjfb iCBk G f sbƒ. pdl kcdm njt mfbcsNv iadk W
dhswN j'sv mcndtmslv iadk k]fv isvfijfdvkf W zbcora t[A jv, kfrst ˆmb
‰jfd§Àjkf t[A jvsh, pfv iv zfv sjfb ‰jfd§Àjkf sbƒ.
htf hfùtA, mrfb zfïfr k]fv msLA dhsw¶v nhfv yfƒsk shdw zfHA§Àdvj snZ¦lpG,
hfdrAj snZ¦lpG W hQwDq snZ¦lpG ˆjdÛk jsvdYstb. pdl sj… jfsvf v™i-snZ¦lpG slsJ
zKhf ydvÛ-hAhrfv slsJ zKhf …ijfv W drSkNBf sisq kfsj Hfstfhfnsk yfq,
kfrst kfv …dyk, mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr -sj Hfstfhfnf. jfvB Hfstfhfnfv ˆ njt
dyÙfjNGD dhNq sjht k]fvƒ mfsU ˆjdÛk dYt.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv ³hdwóAfhtD
mrfbhD zfmfslv mskf mfbcN dYstb. dj§Â zfmvf k]fv mskf zhwAƒ bƒ.
nfLfvB mfbcsNv kctbfq k]fv djYc ÈB dYt zdkdvÙÁ, djYc ³hdwóA dYt ök§Ã. djYc jmG
dYt k]fv ubA ³hL; dj§Â …©mskv ubA zShL ˆhQ zbA djYc jmG dYt; pf k]fv ubA
zShL ˆhQ …©mskv ubA ³hL. ˆƒ swaBDv jdkiq ³hdwóA dbm´v™i }-
(1) mrfbhD -ˆv bhczk zflm nxdóv iChG sKsjƒ iadnÝ dYt. k]fv ubA lczf
jsvdYstb zfdl dikf ƒhafrDm ,
:9 5 5hB@A H4 X@ Pq T: V1 ‫و‬: 5 ': Jْ +
3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 '1 q : V1 ‫و‬: 5hI3 V: - H4 X@ 4 5 : K b4V: H4 X1 S4 8M ?ً 1 : H4 X@ 3 ¢
4 : /4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬S:/B: }
" n !‫" א‬ (١٢٩) {1H J3 (
5 ‫ א‬T1 V@T: !‫א‬
 221
zKGf{, sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfv kfslv mLA sKsj kfslv jfsY ˆj vnCt siavB
jv, sp skfmfv zfqfknmCr kfslv dbje zfhxdÙ jvsh; kfslvsj djkfh (LmGoa§¿) W
drjmk (Îfb W iaÎf) dw[f slsh ˆhQ kfslvsj (dwjG sKsj) idhÛ jvsh. dbÇyq
kcdm ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq.' (hfj¶fvfr } 129)
(2) „nf dbu n©ialfqsj k]fv ncnQhfl dlsqdYstb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
"3 ‫א‬: 4 bB!‫ א‬:783 Bc:&V: :74 /: ': !q 6ً M&#
: 82 HKJ4 !5 @A 3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A : s3‫א‬: 4 @A R3S/: V: :HV: 4 8: 17/4 ‫ א‬: 3 :‫ ل‬65 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
}#!‫( א‬٦) {< 3 82 < + 4 3 ‫א‬:W\: ‫! א‬K 65 3U S:M :!ْ /3 H1\ L : 'B 5 5 1&': O
4 5 1*'1 4 ‫ א‬c3&4 /: 738 R3Iْ‚V: ‫ ٍل‬1 : /3 ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, (n¹vB jv,) pJb mfvqAfm kbq „nf hstdYt, `sr hfbD ƒnaf„t! zfdm
skfmfslv iadk (siadvk) zfïfrv vnCt ˆhQ zfmfv iChG rsk (skfmfslv dbje) sp
kfWvfk vsqsY, zfdm kfv nmKGj ˆhQ zfmfv isv `zfrmfl' bfsm sp vnCt zfnshb,
zfdm kf]v ncnQhfllfkf.' isv sn pJb ±ió dblwGbfhtDnr kfslv dbje zfomb
jvt, kJb kfvf htsk tfot, `ˆef skf ˆj ±ió pflc.' (n¶fIX } 6)
„nf hfbD ƒnaf„stv nhGswN bhD. k]fv iChhG kGD ˆhQ ƒhafrDm -ˆv ivhkGD
njt bhDƒ dbu dbu ufdksj k]fv ncnQhfl ðdbsq sosYb.
mrfb zfïfrv kjlDsv njt bhDƒ nxdóv iChG rskƒ dbLGfdvk. dj§Â bhczskv sOfNBf
dYt sjht bhDjct dwsvfmdB W nhGswN bhDv bhczskv jKf.
(3) dkdb osHG Kfjf zh²¿fq k]fv ubbD ösi´ lwGb jsvb, spb k]fv lcƒ ifsqv
mLAJfb sKsj ˆjde ialDi zKhf zfstf shv rs¤Y ˆhQ kfsk wfm slswv hcnvf wrsvv
zÕfdtjfÈdt zfstfdjk rs¤Y.
sjfb sjfb hBGbfq zdkdvÙÁ zfsY, ˆ öi´ njt bhDv ubbDoBƒ slsJ Kfsjb.
nckvfQ ˆef mrfbhD -ˆv ³hdwóA bq. dj§Â sn hBGbf nrDr bq. (dn} pqDIfr 2085bQ)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
R3/5 "3 : 4 :‫ د‬5h!3:‫ @ ذ‬V@‫‚ْو‬b:/3 H4 JK ^1M:K‚: ‫و‬: 3*b3S: ¦3 R3 ‫ <ل‬3&~
: S4'1 !5 :‫م‬:‫د‬- B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: : M3SB!‫ א‬1HI: ž
: !5 3$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬M‫م‬K R3 3*>!‫ א‬1&4: RM@A)
.(@‫ م‬fB !‫ א‬1 #
1 6K 1*!5 U
4 :k
: 5 < 1 X: S483 :‫ج‬: ;
: 1*B5 U
4 5: R3b!>‫ א‬RM8K V:–4 1 ‫و‬: 1*8: 4 65 : 3 "3: f: /3‫و‬: :H \3 ‫א‬: /4@A
ªzfdm (zfècïfr) zfïfrv dbje kf]v tWsr mfrICsp dtdJk kJbW nhGswN bhD,
pJb zflm jflf zh²¿fq isV dYstb. zfv ˆv kf{ipG ˆƒ sp, (zfmfv bhczskv iaKm
dhjfw Ose) zfmfv dikf ƒhafrDsmv lczf, „nfv k]fv jWmsj slWqf ncnQhfl ˆhQ
zfmfv zf©mfv slJf snƒ ösi´v mfLAsm, pfsk dkdb k]fv dbje sKsj ˆmb suAfdk shv
rsk slsJb pf, wfmslswv zÕfdtjfnmCrsj zfstfdjk jsvdYt. (zfrXmfl 17163bQ)
oHGfh²¿fq bhD-ubbDv ösi´ zfstf shv rsk slJfv zKG rt, k]fv oHG²¿ n§Àfb bhD
rshb ˆhQ k]fv bhczskv zfstfj nfvf dhsw¶ dh¤Ycdvk rsh. snƒ zfstfsk dwjG W
jcIvDv zájfv lCvDHCk rsh. wfm slswv hcnvf uq rsh. zfv kf rsqdYt zfhC hfjXv
dnÜDsjv sJtfIkjfst.
(4) mrfbhD -ˆv ubA yfsvv zdLj ²ÃD oarB rftft jvf rsqdYt. mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
 222
5h4 5 : 1*> !‫ א‬5 5 'B 83 5hS1 '3 V: 9
4 J5 5 8: 8: ‫و‬: B7\1 : L
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: \: R3I > !‫ א‬5hI3 !5 ;
: 3U S:/:‫و‬: 5h!3 ;
: 3U S:/:‫و‬: 5hI3 'B : 3U S:/:‫و‬: 5h'M : 3U S:/:‫و‬:
R3 H4 X@ 4 5 : S:k
4 : 5 8: S:'4 3: &4 65 : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ون@ א‬1‫ د‬738 5h!> ً #
: !3 ;
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$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٥٠) { 'Q O 3 B ‫א‬Q YK ©5 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: ‫ <ج‬: O
: 5h4 5 : :‫ ن‬JK V: 5 4 J5 !3 H4 X1 1 ': V4 5 9
4 J5 5 8: 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ L
3 ‫وא‬: ‫ز‬4 5
zKGf{, sr bhD! dbÇyq zfdm skfmfv ubA skfmfv ²ÃDoBsj ShL jsvdY, pfslvsj kcdm
smfrvfbf ialfb jsvY ˆhQ ShL jsvdY skfmfv zdLjfvHcÙÁ lfdnoBsj pfslvsj zfdm
pcÝhd¦lbDv™si lfb jsvdY ˆhQ dhhfsrv ubA ShL jsvdY skfmfv yfyfskf HdobD,
IcIfskf HdobD, mfmfskf HdobD W Jftfskf HdobDsj; pfvf skfmfv nsÌ slw kAfo
jsvsY ˆhQ sjfb dhw¶fdnbD bhDv dbje dbsusj dbshlb jvst ˆhQ bhD kfsj dhhfr
jvsk yfƒst (snW skfmfv ubA ShL.) --ˆ (dhLfb) dhswN j'sv skfmfvƒ ubA; zbA
mc'dmbslv ubA bq; mc'dmbslv ²ÃD ˆhQ kfslv lfdnoB nìsá pf dbLGfdvk jsvdY, kf
zfdm ufdb. (ˆ dhLfb ˆ ubA) pfsk skfmfv sjfb zncdhLf bf rq. zfv zfïfr [mfwDt,
ivm lqftc. (‚rXpfh } 50)
spsrkc k]fv jfsY pctsmv stwmfÛ dYt bf. kfYfVf k]fv hù dhhfsrv jfvBnmCr rt }-
(j) dw[fok jfvB } zflwG mfbcsNv ˆjfdLj uDhb-ndÌbD äfvf k]fv ydvÛ,
zfHA§ÀvDB zfyvB, nfQnfdvj zflwG ˆhQ bfvD nQÛÁf§À dhdHâ ÎfkhA dhNq Jch
nC[¹Hfsh hAÙÁ rsqsY.
(J) LmGDq zbcwfnbok jfvB } ufsrdtqfskv ˆj iaKf dYt sp, ifdtk icÛsj zfib
Švnufk icsÛv nmfb msb jvf rk. Wqfsvn rk ˆhQ kfv ²ÃD zKGf{ ‰ icÛhLcsj
iftdqkf w¶ðsvv ubA dyvksv dhhfr rfvfm msb jvf rk. zKy wvDqk msk mcsJ htf
hf ifkfsbf zKhf ifdtk icÛ iftdqÛD mfsqv ubA (pKfnmsq idvmfB mk ²ÀblcÊ ifb bf
jdvsq Kfjst) mfrvfm bq, zfsifsn dhhfr ³hL ˆhQ ilGf Wqfsuh. zfv ifdtk icsÛv
²ÃD iftdqkf w¶ðsvv is[ (dyvksv) rfvfm bq.
spsrkc mcsJ htfv sysq jfsu idvBk jsv ialwGsbv iaHfh mfbcsNv msb zdLj isV,
kfƒ ˆƒ hfdkt iaKfv Jàb jsv ‰ zbcwfnb iadkôfv …sÜswA pqbfh (vf}) (k]fv
ifdtkicÛ pfqslv kftfjiafåf ²ÃD)sj mrfb zfïfr zfnmfsbƒ k]fv nfsK dhhfr n©iâ
jsvdYstb.
(o) nfmfduj jfvB } nc¦lv W zflwG dHdÙj nmfu oVsk ˆhQ snƒ nmfsu pKfKG
iaHfh zuGb jvsk, nmfsuv iaLfb iaLfb hAdÙÁhsoGv nfsK ³hhfdrj n©ijG ²¿fib jsv
mcJA …sÜswA iadk zoanv nru sKsj nrukv rsqdYt. snƒ jfvsBƒ zfsqwf (vf}) W
rfInf (vf})sj dkdb dhhfr-hásb zfhÝ jsvdYstb.
(O) vfuSbdkj jfvB } wÛ¢sj zfib jvfv ubA ³hhfdrj ndᲿfib ˆj idhÛ bDdk.
(y) ˆkäAkDk n©mfblfb, iashfLlfb, zfwaqlfb iaHdx k mfbdhj bDdkv zbcnvB jsv
diaq bhD (ndIqf, …s©m rfhDhf, …s©m nftfmf, ucqfƒdvqf iaHdx k mdrtfsj) dhhfr-
nCsÛ so]sK hù mfbcNsj ˆjf§À zfib jsv dbsqdYstb.
(5) k]fv dhhfr dhbf nf[Dskƒ n©iâ rk.
 223
(6) k]fv kftfj slWqf hf ƒd§Àjft jvfv iv k]fv nm²À ²ÃDsj zisvv ubA dhhfr jvf
rfvfm dYt.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٦) {H4 X1 I1 X: 8B K 1*L 1 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 74 83 : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ /3 !5 ‫و‬4 5 2R3 SB!‫}א‬
ªbhD, mc'dmbslv dbje kfslv iafB zsi[fW zdLj diaq ˆhQ kfv ²ÃDoB kfslv mf-
öv™i.« (‚rXpfh } 6)
3*> !‫ א‬:&S3 :‫ ن‬P5 H4 JK !3:‫ ذ‬B‫@ن‬A ‫א‬Q&/:5 3•3&4 /: 738 1*L
: ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 ‫ א‬+ 1 J3 S:I ‫ن‬5 !5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 : ‫وא‬1‫—ذ‬4 I1 ‫ن‬5 H4 JK !5 :‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٥٣) { 'Q ƒ3 :
ªskfmfslv jfvW is[ zfïfrv vnCtsj jó slWqf zKhf kfv mxkcAv iv kfv
ik´Dslvsj dhhfr jvf jJbW nQok bq. dbÇyq zfïfrv lxdósk ˆ sOfvkv zivfL.«
(‚rXpfh } 53)
(7) k]fsj sp ofdt dlk zKhf k]fv dYûfs¦hNB jsv db¦lf jvk, kfsj rkAf jvf k]fv
ubA rftft dYt.
dkdb jf'h dhb zfwvfIsj rkAf jvfv zfslw dlsqsYb. (hcJfvD 4037, mcndtm 4765bQ)
Jfƒhfsv zfhC vfsI' bfmj ˆj ƒqfùlD hAhnfqD dYt. snW ˆjƒ swaBDv jólfsb
k{iv dYt. bhD -ˆv zfslsw zfWn sofsÛv stfsjvf pJb jf'h dhb zfwvfIsj
rkAf jvt, kJb kfslv iadkäd¦äkfq Jfpvfu sofsÛv stfsjvf zfhC vfsI'sj rkAf
jvfv zbcmdk W lfdqk¶ dbsq kfsj rkAf jsvdYt. (hcJfvD 3022bQ)
ˆjlf ˆj mcwdvj mrfbhD -sj ofdt dlst dkdb htstb, ªzfmfv i[ sKsj zfmfv
wÛ¢v ubA sj psKó rsh?« kf ðsb pchfƒv htstb, `zfdm.' zk}iv dkdb kfv nfsK
tVfƒ j'sv kfsj rkAf jvstb. (drtXqfkct zf…dtqf 8/45)
(8) k]fv ubA `nWsm dhnft' (mfsU ƒIkfvD bf jsv ˆhQ snrvDW bf sJsq ˆjefbf
lcƒ zKhf kskfdLj dlb svfpf vfJf) ³hL dYt.
vfnCtïc fr nWsm dhnft vfJsk dbsNL jvstb. stfsjvf dbshlb jvt, `zfidb skf
nWsm dhnft vfsJb? dkdb htstb,
.« n5 4 K ‫و‬: 1H: ¦ْ K M@A H4 JK b3 ^:4 X: P5 194 !5 M@A »
.« H4 JK S4 83 N&O
: 5‚P5 194 !5 SMJ3 !5 ‫و‬: »
.« S3 n3 4 V: ‫و‬: /M: S3 '1 3 Œْ V1 19 /3 5 M@A 3„4 83 5h!3:‫ ذ‬3 H4 b14 !5 H4 JK B@A »
ª(ˆ dhNsq) zfdm skfmfslv jfsvf mskf bƒ. (zKhf skfmvf ˆ dhNsq zfmfv mskf
bW. zfmfsj zfmfv iadkiftj vfsk ifbfrfv jvfb.) zfmfsj (zfïfrv kvI sKsj)
ifbfrfv jvfsbf rq.« (hcJfvD 1922, mcndtm 2618-2627bQ)
mrfb zfïfr k]fsj vfsk JfWqfskb W ifb jvfskb zKhf k]fsj ifbfrfvjfvDv mk
wdÙÁ lfb jsvdYstb.
(9) k]fv y[c dbûfdHHCk rk; dj§Â r™lq nufo Kfjk.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `vfnCtcïfr vmpfb W zbAfbA mfsn
 224
(kfrfÏcl kKf kfvfhDr) 11 vfjzfskv shwD iVskb bf. iaKsm yfv vfjzfk
iVskb. nckvfQ kfv snZ¦lpG W ³lOGA n©isjG iaw´ƒ jsvf bf. kfviv (zfhfv) yfv
vfjzfk iVskb. nckvfQ kfv snZ¦lpG W ³lOGA nìsá iaw´ƒ jsvf bf. zk}iv dkb
vfjzfk (dhkXv) iVskb. (ˆjlf dkdb dhkXv iVfv zfsoƒ ðsq sostb.) zfdm
httfm, ªsr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb dj dhkXv iVfv iCshGƒ Ocmfshb?« dkdb htstb,
.« 3ْ 65 1‫ م‬S:V: 5?‫و‬: @‫ ن‬8: S:I: B S:4 : B‫@ن‬A K f: s3 : V: »
ªsr zfsqwf! zfmfv y[cäq Ocmfq; dj§Â zfmfv z§Àv Ocmfq bf.« (hcJfvD 1147, mcndtm
1757bQ)
(10) k]fv ubA kfrfÏcslv bfmfp dYt Wqfsuh.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٧٩) {‫א‬Q‫' د‬1 +
4 8B 8Q n5 8: 5h/2: 5h„:: 4 V: ‫ن‬5 : : 5h!> ً 5 3 : 3*/3 &4 ~
B X: b:5 @ 4 > !‫ א‬:783 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ‚v vfdÛv djYc zQsw kfrfÏcl jfsqm jv; ˆef skfmfv ubA ˆj zdkdvÙÁ
jkGhA. zfwf jvf pfq, skfmfv iadkiftj skfmfsj iadkdôk jvshb iawQdnk ²¿fsb.
(hfbD ƒnaf„t } 79)
(11) wqkfb k]fv zfjxdk LfvB jvsk ifsv bf.
zfïfrv vnCt hstb,
ْ B :b:: ْ 5 ‫א‬Q&'M : b:81 BR5 : :$:WP5 74 8: ‫و‬: R3I: ,
1 R3 1 „B': b:V: !5 :‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 R3 -: &4 n5 5 @‫ م‬S:': !ْ ‫ א‬R3 R3 -: 74 8: ‫و‬: )
.(@ SB!‫ א‬74 83 1•:&: nْ 8:
ªsp hAdÙÁ ösi´ zfmfsj slsJ sn nkAƒ zfmfsj slsJ. jfvB wqkfb zfmfv zfjxdk
LfvB jvsk ifsv bf. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ƒ¤Yfjxk zfmfv nìsá dmKAf hst, sn spb dbsuv
hfn²¿fb ufrfâfsm jsv sbq.« (hcJfvD 110bQ) (`k]fv lwGb' dwsvfbfm û})
(12) k]fv hAhr™k W slr sKsj dhd¤Yâ (mtmCÛ W vÙÁ YfVf) njt dudbn dYt
hjGkmq msrZNL. (`k]fv mfLAsm kfhfvG¢j' dwsvfbfm û})
(13) k]fv iChfG iv Û¢de mfuGbf jvf rsqdYt.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
5h4 5 : 1*b:': 4 3 BHb3 V1 ‫و‬: : ;
B 5‚I: 8: ‫و‬: 5h3 ‫ذ‬: 738 :‫م‬B&n5 I: 8: 1*> !‫ א‬5h!5 : Y3 “4 : !3 (١) SQ 3 82 +
Q b4 5 5h!5 S:+
4 b:5 B@A}
]bY!‫( " א‬٢) { 'Q n3 b:4 82 ¦ً ‫א‬: , 3 5hV: 3&X4 V: ‫و‬:
zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ (sr vnCt!) zfdm skfmfsj dlsqdY nc±ió dhuq. spb zfïfr skfmfv
zkDk W HdhNAskv Û¢denmCr mfuGbf jsvb ˆhQ skfmfv iadk kf]v zbcora iCBG jsvb W
skfmfsj nvt isK idvyfdtk jsvb. (IfkXr } 1-2)
ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, `zfïfr mcrf©mfl -sj zfnmfbhfnD (dIdvwXkf-
màtD)v …isvW swaôk¶ dlsqsYb.' k]fsj htf rt, `jDsnv mfLAsm sr ƒhsb zfêfn?'
dkdb htstb, mrfb zfïfr zfnmfbhfnDv hAfifsv hstsYb,
‫( א‬٢٩) {: '3 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬cT@ ~
4 : 5h!3:WP5 :HSBX: L
: 3*V@T~
4 : 5h!3:W5 3*3 ‫و‬1‫ د‬7M8 *< !5 @A RM@A H4 X1 S4 83 4 nK V: 7:8‫و‬: }
ªkfslv msLA sp htsh, `zfdmƒ …ifnA dkdb hAkDk' kfsj zfdm wfd²À dlh ufrfâfsm;
 225
ˆHfshƒ zfdm nDmftQObjfvDslvsj wfd²À dlsq Kfdj.« (‚dìqf } 29)
zfv dkdb mcrf©mfl -ˆv hAfifsv hstsYb,
]bY!‫( " א‬٢) {: ;
B 5‚I: 8: ‫و‬: 5h3 :‫ ذ‬738 :‫م‬B&n5 I: 8: 1*> !‫ א‬5h!5 : Y3 “4 : !3 (١) SQ 3 82 +
Q b4 5 5h!5 S:+
4 b:5 B@A}
dbÇyqƒ (sr vnCt!) zfdm skfmfsj dlsqdY nc±ió dhuq. spb zfïfr skfmfv zkDk
W HdhNAskv Û¢denmCr mfuGbf jsvb. (IfkXr } 1-2, lfsvmD 46bQ, kInDv j¶cvk¶chD 3/263)
sjfb zfmt jvsk htst ˆhQ nfrfhfoB kfv yfƒsk shdw jvsk yfƒst mrfbhD
k]fslvsj dbsNL jvskb. kJb nfrfhfoB htskb, `zfmvf skf zfibfv mskf bƒ sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfr skf zfibfv iChfG iv njt sofbfr mfI jsv dlsqsYb.' (hcJfvD 20bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ ˆsn Iskfqf duÎfnf jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zidhÛ Kfjf zh²¿fq
Iusvv bfmfspv nmq rsq pfq, kfrst zfdm dj svfpf vfJh?' vfnCtcïfr htstb,
.« 1‫ م‬, 1 5‚5 d< S1L
1 :5 ‫و‬: "K 5 # B !‫ א‬S3 PK @ &4 I1 :5 ‫و‬: »
ª(r]Af,) zfmfvW zidhÛ zh²¿fq bfmfspv nmq rsq pfq, zk}iv zfdm svfpf
vfdJ.«
stfjde htt, `zfidb skf zfmfslv mskf bb sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfïfr skf zfibfv
iChfG iv njt sofbfr mfI jsv dlsqsYb.' (mcndtm 2649bQ)
(14) k]fv zfrhfsb nfVf slWqf Wqfsuh dYt; pdlW zfr™k hAdÙÁ bfmfpvk Kfjk.
zfhc nf„l dhb mczfïf hstb, zfdm mndusl bfmfp iVdYtfm. ˆmkfh²¿fq bhD
zfmfsj Ffjstb. zfdm nfVf dltfm bf. zk}iv bfmfp swN jsv k]fv dbje ˆsn
httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm bfmfp iVdYtfm.' dkdb htstb, ªzfïfr dj hstbdb
sp, skfmvf zfïfr W vnCstv zfrhfsb nfVf lfW pJb skfmfslvsj (vnCt) Ffsj---?'
(zfbIft } 24) zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªmndul sKsj skfmfv shv rsq pfWqfv iCshGƒ
skfmfsj jcvzfsbv msLA mrÙm nCvfde dwdJsq slh bf dj?« zk}iv dkdb zfmfv rfk
Lvstb. kfviv zfmvf pJb shv rWqfv ƒ¤Yf jvtfm kJb zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfv
vnCt! zfidb hstdYstb ªzfdm skfmfsj jcvzfsbv mrÙm nCvfde dwdJsq slh.« dkdb
htstb, ªzftrfmlc dtïfdr vfdêt zf-tfmDb.« ˆefƒ rt snƒ nåilD (nCvf) pf
bfmfsp icb}icb} zfhxÙ rq, zfv snefƒ rt mrf jcvzfb; pf zfmfsj lfb jvf rsqsY.«
(hcJfvD 5006 bQ)
(15) dIdvñf k]fv nfsK pcsÝ zQwoarB jsvsYb. k]fv iCshG hf isv jfsvf nfsK
jsvbdb.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٢٣) {:‫ون‬1 JK f4 I: H4 JK > : !5 :*’ !‫ אْ א‬nK IB 5 › !> 3‫ذ‬5 H4 b1 5 ‫و‬: ٍ &4 :/3 1*’ !‫ א‬1HPK : #
: : &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
ªdbÇyq hlsvv pcsÝ zfïfr skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jsvdYstb, kJb skfmvf dYst
rDbht. nckvfQ skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv, pfsk skfmvf jxkÎkf iajfw jv.
(n¹vB jv) pJb kcdm dhÇhfdnoBsj hstdYst, `pdl skfmfslv iadkiftj dkb rfufv
siadvk dIdvñf äfvf skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jsvb, kfrst dj skfmfslv ubA kf psKó rsh
bf?' zhwAƒ, pdl skfmvf ³LpG Lv ˆhQ nfhLfb rsq yt, kfrst kfvf la¢kodksk
 226
skfmfslv …iv zfÛÁmB jvst skfmfslv iadkiftj if]y rfufv (dhswNv™si) dydrÁk
dIdvñf äfvf skfmfslvsj nfrfpA jvshb. zfv ˆ (nfrfpAsj) skf zfïfr skfmfslv ubA
ncnQhfl jsvsYb, pfsk skfmfslv mb wfd§À ifq ˆhQ nfrfpA wcLc ivfÛÁf§À iaÎfmq
zfïfrv dbje sKsjƒ zfsn. (‚st ƒmvfb } 123-126)
(16) k]fv mc'supf jcvzfb mfuDl djqfmk zhdL zhdwó Kfjsh. dj§Â zbAfbA
bhDslv mc'supf k]fslv uDhbjft zhdL nDmfhÝ dYt.
(17) k]fsj 30 ub icv¢sNv nmfb spZb-[mkf lfb jvf rsqdYt.
zfbfn hstb, `dkdb dlhfvfdÛv ˆjƒ nmsq k]fv (ÛÁDklfnD-nr) 11de ²ÃDv nfsK
dmtb jvskb.' k]fsj duÎfnf jvf rstf, `dkdb dj kfsk n[m dYstb?' zfbfn
htstb, `zfmvf htfhdt jvkfm, k]fsj 30 ub icv¢sNv nmfb spZb[mkf lfb jvf
rsqsY.' (hcJfvD 268bQ)
(18) dkdb zbAfbA mfbcsNv kctbfq däÈB u¶voa²À rskb.
ƒhsb mfn…l hstb, zfdm bhD -ˆv dJlmsk …id²¿k rtfm. sn nmq dkdb u¶v
HcodYstb. zfdm httfm, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfibfv sp iayà u¶v!' dkdb htstb,
ªr]Af! skfmfslv lc'usbv nmfb zfmfv u¶v zfsn.« zfdm httfm, `kfv ubAƒ dj
zfibfv icvõfvW däÈB?' dkdb htstb, ªr]Af! hAfifv kf-ƒ. (zbcv™i) sp sjfb
mcndtmsj sjfb jó si]ZsY, jf]ef tfso zKhf kfv sysqW jdEb jó rq, zfïfr kfzftf
ˆv jfvsB kfv ifinmCrsj smfyb j'sv slb ˆhQ kfv ifinmCrsj ˆƒHfsh Udvsq
slWqf rq; spHfsh ofY kfv ifkf Udvsq slq.« (hcJfvD 5648, mcndtm 6724bQ)
(19) ˆj mfsnv iK zhdL lCv sKsj stfsjvf k]fv Hsq n§Ã²À rk.
(20) k]fv ubA nfvf ixdKhDsj mndul jvf rsqdYt. sp sjfb idhÛ ufqofq bfmfp
iVf ³hL dYt. zKy zbAfbA bhDoB W k]fslv …©mskv dbdlGó …ifnbftq YfVf …ifnbf
rskf bf. spmb idhÛ mfdesj ifdbv dhj¬iv™i idhÛkfv mfLAm oBA jvf rsqdYt. ifdb
bf ifWqf sost zKhf ifdbv hAhrfv [dkjv rst ifdb äfvf WpC-sofnstv idvhskG mfde
äfvf kfqf©mcm jsv bfmfp iVfv dhLfb dYt. zfuW k]fv …©mskv ubA snƒ dhLfb zfsY.
(21) k]fv ubA pcÝté n©il rftft jvf rsqdYt. iChhG kGD sjfb bhD W k]fv
…©mskv ubA kf rftft dYt bf. kfvf kf icdVsq sItk.
(22) mrfb zfïfr k]fsj hxr{ wfIfzfk lfb jsvsYb. (`k]fv wfIfzfk' dwsvfbfsm
zfstfybf û})
(23) dkdb nfvf ufrfsbv dub W ƒbnfsbv ubA nhGswN bhD.
dkdb hstsYb, ªzfmfsj ˆmb i]fyde h²Â slWqf rsqsY, pf zfmfv iCshG sjfb bhDsj
slWqf rqdb. (1) ˆj mfsnv iK ytfv mk lCvsk¶W zfmfv HDdk lcwmbslv msb
Tcdjsq slWqf rsqsY , (2) zfmfv ubA nfvf ixdKhDsj mndul W (kfv mfdesj)
idhÛjfvD jsv slWqf rsqsY, zkˆh zfmfv …©mk spJfsbƒ Kfjcj bfmfspv nmq rsq
sost snJfsbƒ sn spb bfmfp isV sbq, (3) zfmfv ubA obDmfskv n©il ³hL jvf
rsqsY, pf zfmfv iCshG zbA jfsvfv ubA ³hL dYt bf, (4) zfmfsj djqfmskv dlb
ncifdvw jvfv [mkf slWqf rsqsY (5) zbA njt bhDsj dbdlGó sofsÛv dbje ifEfsbf
 227
rsqdYt zfv zfmfsj njt mfbcsNv ubA bhD jsv ifEfsbf rsqsY .« (hcJfvD 335, mcndtm
1191bQ)
(24) k]fsj nfvoHG ˆmb jKf htfv wdÙÁ ialfb jvf rsqdYt, pfv wè jm; dj§Â zKG
zsbj.
dkdb hstsYb,
9
4 53 L
1 ‫و‬: 1Hs3 S:“: !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 9
4 >O
3 K ‫و‬: 3d4 2 ! /3 1U4 #
3 1‫و‬: @H3J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:Š83 ‫א‬: L
: 19 Œ3 4 K 9
¤ 3 /3 3 : 3 4 5 ‫ א‬5 : 19ْ M K »
.« :‫ ن‬23 SB!‫ א‬: /3 :Hb3 ; 1 ‫و‬: ً > P5 @Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A 19ْ 3 4 K ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&~
3 4 8: ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q X1 ¦5 1‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬: !3
ªYqde dudbn dlsq zfmfsj zbAfbA bhDosBv …iv swaôk¶ lfb jvf rsqsY. zfmfsj
hùtfKGshfLj nQd[å hfjAfhtD (htfv [mkf) slWqf rsqsY. zfkË dlsq zfmfsj
nfrfpA jvf rsqsY. obDmskv mft zfmfv ubA rftft jvf rsqsY. ixdKhDsj zfmfv ubA
mndul W (kfv mfdesj) idhÛjfvD hfbfsbf rsqsY. zfdm nfvf nxdóv ubA siadvk rsqdY.
zfv zfmfsj dlsq bhczskv nmfdå Oefsbf rsqsY.« (mcndtm 1195bQ)
(25) k]fv …©mskv jfkfvsj dIdvwXkfmàtDv jfkfsvv mskf oBA jvf rsqsY.
ufshv dhb nfmcvfr hstb, ˆjlf dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf iadkiftsjv nfmsb
dIdvñfhsoGv jfkfv h]fLfv mk jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfsh bf dj?« zfmvf httfm, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! dIdvñfhoG k]fslv iadkiftsjv nfmsb djv™si jfkfv sh]sL l]fVfb.`
dkdb htstb, ªiaKmjfv jfkfvnmCr iCBG jsvb ˆhQ Ob rsq usm jfkfv sh]sL
l]fVfb.« (mcndtm 430, zfhC lf†l 661, dmwjfk 1091bQ)
(26) k]fsj nCvf hfj¶fvfv swN 2de zfqfk zfvswv dbm´²¿ Hfàfv sKsj lfb jvf
rsqsY.
ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, ˆjlf duhvDt bhD -ˆv dbje …idhó dYstb; ˆmb
nmq …iv dlj rsk ˆj wè ðbstb. …iv dlsj mfKf kcst dkdb htstb, `ˆ wède
zfnmfsbv ˆj lvufv wè pf zfu sJftf rt; pf zfu YfVf ƒdkiCshG j[sbf sJftf
rqdb. ‰ lvuf dlsq ˆj dIdvñf zhkvB jsvb.' zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªdkdb
ˆmb ˆj dIdvñf dpdb (zfu) ixdKhDv iadk zhkvB jvstb, zfu YfVf ƒdk iCshG
sjfbdlb dkdb zhkvB jsvbdb. zk}iv dkdb nftfm dlsq htstb, ª(sr mcrf©mfl!)
zfidb lcde suAfdkv ncnQhfl dbb; pf zfibfsj lfb jvf rsqsY ˆhQ pf iCshG sjfb
bhDsjƒ lfb jvf rqdb; (kf rt,) nCvf Ifskrf W hfj¶fvfv swN (lcƒ) zfqfk. pJbƒ
zfidb …Hqsj ifE jvshb, kJbƒ zfibfsj …Hsqv iaskAj hfsjAv (iafdKGk dhNq
zKhf nWqfh) ialfb jvf rsh.« (mcndtm 806bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb, ªsp hAdÙÁ vfsÛ nCvf hfj¶fvfv swN lcde zfqfk ifE jvsh , kfv
ubA njt h²Âv zdbó rsk ‰ lcdeƒ psKó jvsh.« (hcJfvD 5008 bQ, mcndtm 807 bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
‫א‬Q&~
3 4 8: X: rPK 1‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬S:!5 9
4 53 L
1 ‫و‬: 3 J5 s3 5 ': !ْ ‫ א‬3 YK #1 P5 S:K YK , 1 94 53 L 1 N 5 „:/3 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬5 : S:ْ M K »
:9+
4 I: Tٍ S4 P5 74 83 "3 : n5 :!ْ ‫; @ א‬
3 - 74 83 3U V: vْ!‫ א‬3•3W\: 19 Œ3 4 K ‫و‬: ،: ': !ْ ‫ א‬3&~
3 : H4 !5 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A ‫א‬Q X1 ¦5 S:!5 X: b1/:4 I1 9
4 53 L
1 ‫و‬:
.«R34 65 ÀR3 : X: Œ5 4 V1 H4 !5 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬
 228
zKGf{, stfsjslv …isv dkbde dhNq dlsq zfmfslvsj swaôk¶ lfb jvf rsqsY }
zfmfslv jfkfvsj dIdvwXkfmàtDv jfkfsvv mskf oBA jvf rsqsY. ixdKhDv njt
²¿fbsj zfmfslv ubA mndul hfbfsbf rsqsY. ifdb bf sist kfv mfdesj zfmfslv ubA
idhÛkfv mfLAm hfbfsbf rsqsY. zfv zfmfsj nCvf hfj¶fvfv swNfQswv ˆƒ zfqfkÈdt
zfvswv dbsyv Hfàfv sKsj lfb jvf rsqsY, pf zfmfv iCshG sjfb bhDsj lfb jvf rqdb.
(zfrmfl 23251, mcndtm 1193, bfnf„ jchvf 8022bQ)
(27) k]fsj ixdKhDv njt Hfàfsvv yfdhjfdE ialfb jvf rsqdYt.
dkdb hstsYb,
.(c3&V: R3 9
4 :k
3 1 5 @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ‫@ א‬7s3‫א‬:T;
: @] I3 Y5 ': /3 19 I3K H< s3 : :5 S:4:5 3d4 2 ! /3 1U4 #
3 1‫و‬: @H3J5 !ْ‫@ א‬Š83 ‫א‬: ~
: /3 19„43 /1)
zKGf{, hùtfKGshfLj hfjA-nr zfdm siadvk rsqdY, (jfsIvslv msb) zfkË ias[i
äfvf zfdm nfrfpAiafå rsqdY, zfv ˆj nmq pJb zfdm Ocdmsq dYtfm, kJb (ösi´)
ixdKhDv pfhkDq Hfàfsvv yfdhvfdw ˆsb zfmfv rfsk vfJf rsqsY. (hcJfvD 2997, 6998,
7273, mcndtm 1196bQ)
(28) djqfmskv dlb k]fvƒ …©mk-nQJAf nhfv yfƒsk shwD rsh.
ƒhsb zfêfn rsk hdBGk, zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªzfmfv jfsY njt …©mk
siw jvf rt. zfdm slJtfm, sjfb bhDv nfsK jdkiq (3 sKsj 7 ub zbcnfvD) stfj
vsqsY. sjfb bhDv nfsK ˆj zKhf lcƒub stfj vsqsY. sjfb bhDsj slJtfm k]fv nfsK
sj… sbƒ. ƒskfmsLA dhvfe ˆjde ufmfzfk zfmfv nfmsb siw jvf rt. zfdm msb
jvtfm, ˆdeƒ zfmfv …©mk. dj§Â zfmfsj htf rt sp, `ˆde rt mCnf W k]fv …©mskv
ufmfzfk. dj§Â zfidb zbA dlos§À kfjfb.' zk}iv kfjfskƒ zfvW dlo§ÀHv ˆjde
dhvfe ufmfzfk slJsk sitfm. zfmfsj htf rt sp, `ˆde rt zfibfv …©mk. zfv
kfslv nsÌ vsqsY ˆmb 70 rfufv stfj, pfvf dhbf drnfh W zfpfsh shsrñX iashw
jvsh.« (hcJfvD 5705, mcndtm 549bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.( "ً :‫א د‬:‫ و‬H4 \1 : „:Pْ :‫ ن‬PK ‫ن‬4 L 1 4 RMA‫ ً" و‬:‫وא @د‬: 1 „:Pْ H4 X1 V2 :‫ن‬4 \: b:V: H4 X1 µA‫ ً و‬k4 O: :R3 : M J! µ‫ن‬A )
zKGf{, iaskAj bhDv rWp Kfjsh (djqfmsk). k]fvf zfsifsn ohG jvshb, k]fslv msLA
jfv (rWspv) zhkvBjfvD nhsysq shwD rsh. zfv zfdm zhwAƒ zfwf jdv sp, k]fslv
msLA zfmfv (rWspv) zhkvBjfvD nhsysq shdw rsh. (dkvdmpD 2443, n} ufsm' 2156bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfdm zhwAƒ zfwf jdv sp, k]fslv msLA zfmfv zbcnfvD
nhsysq shdw rsh. (dn} nrDrfr 1589bQ)
mrfbhD zfsvf hstsYb,
19 I3 ‫و‬K x3W!> ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ': B@A‫و‬: 1 f: :!ْ ‫ א‬3*4 5 : :78: - 1*K „4 83 8: 3U V:ª‫ א‬:783 : Œ3 4 K &4 65 >?@A ¤ 3 : 74 83 3 : 3 4 5 ‫ א‬:783 8: »
.« 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: Q /3 I: H4 \1 : „:Pْ 5 :‫ ن‬PK 5 ‫ن‬4 5 L
1 4 5‚5 B !5 @A 1*> !‫ א‬O
: ‫و‬4 5 Q O
4 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, bhDosBv msLA iaskAj bhDsjƒ ˆmb dblwGbfhtD slWqf rsqdYt, pfv zbcv™i
slsJ mfbcN k]fv iadk „mfb ˆsbdYt. zfv zfmfsj pf slWqf rsqsY, kf rt zrD, zfïfr
zfmfv iadk siavB jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfdm zhwAƒ zfwf jdv sp, djqfmskv dlb k]fslv
 229
msLA zfmfv zbcnfvD nhfv sysq shdw rsh. (hcJfvD 4981, mcndtm 402bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.« 3 SB~: !ْ ‫ א‬:$ /: 1‫ع‬: nْ V: 74 8: 1‫ول‬B 5 :5 ‫و‬: 3 8: :n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: Q :I: 3 :3 4 5 ‫ א‬1 „:Pْ 5 :5 »
zKGf{, zfdìqfosBv msLA zfmfv zbcnfvDƒ shdw rsh djqfmskv dlb. zfdmƒ rh iaKm
snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp shsrwXskv lvufq jvfOfk jvsh. (mcndtm 505bQ)
(29) dkdbƒ nhGiaKm jhv sKsj icbv¢dÚk rshb.
(30) dkdbƒ djqfmskv dlb zflm n§Àfsbv nlGfv W sbkf rshb.
(31) dkdbƒ iaKm ncifdvwjfvD rshb ˆhQ k]fv ncifdvw mÓcv jvf rsh.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.« Šٍ Y> f: 81 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: Šٍ 3 : 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: 1 4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬1*S4 : 2Zf: S4 V: 74 8: 1‫ول‬B 5 ‫و‬: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: :‫م‬:‫د‬- 3&!5 ‫و‬: 1&M : :5 »
zKGf{, zfdm djqfmskv dlb zflm-n§Àfbslv nlGfv. iaKm zfmfsjƒ jhv
sKsj …Efsbf rsh ˆhQ iaKm zfdmƒ ncifdvwjfvD W zfmfv ncifdvw oxrDk rsh. (mcndtm
6079bQ)
dkdb hstsYb, ªdjqfmskv dlb zfdm rh njt mfbcsNv sbkf. skfmvf dj ufb, jD
jfvsB? djqfmskv dlb iChGfiv nmoa mfbhufdk ˆjƒ mqlfsb nmshk rsh. (sn mqlfbde
ˆmb rsh sp,) snJfsb lwGj kfslvsj slJsk ifsh ˆhQ zfrhfbjfvD (dbu zfrhfb)
kfslvsj ðbfsk ifvsh. nCpG ˆsjhfsv jfsY ˆsn pfsh. mfbcN ˆkƒ lc}J-jsóv msLA
dbidkk rsh sp, SLpG LfvB jvfv [mkfƒ kfslv Kfjsh bf. kfvf htsh, `slJ, skfmfslv
nhfv jD HDNB jó rs¤Y, skfmfslv jD dhil ˆsn si]ZsYsY! ˆmb sjfb hAdÙÁv sJ]fu jv,
dpdb ivWqfvslofsvv jfsY ncifdvw jvsk ifsvb.' stfsjvf htsh, `yt zflsmv jfsY
pfƒ.' (k]fv jfsY sost dkdb ˆhQ ˆƒHfsh bCr, ƒhafrDm, mCnf W „nf (zftfƒdrmcn nftfm)
Wpv siw jvshb. njtsƒ htshb,) `zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ
zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf mcrf©mfl -ˆv jfsY pfW.'
nckvfQ kfvf nhfƒ zfmfv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfïfrv vnCt.
zfidb zfsJvD bhD. zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv pfhkDq Èbfr mfI j'sv dlsqsYb. zkˆh
zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv jfsY ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf,
zfmvf jD (Hqfhr) lc}J W p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY.' kJb zfdm yst pfh ˆhQ zfvswv bDsy
zfmfv iadkiftsjv ubA dnulfhbk rh. zk}iv zfïfr kf]v iawQnf W ÈBofsbv
ubA zfmfv r™lqsj ˆmb …©mcÙÁ j'sv slshb, spmb ƒskfiCshG zfv jfsvf ubA
jsvbdb. zk}iv dkdb htshb, `sr mcrf©mfl! mfKf …EfW, yfW, skfmfsj slWqf rsh.
ncifdvw jv, skfmfv ncifdvw oarB jvf rsh.' (hcJfvD 4712, mcndtm 495bQ)
(32) dkdbƒ nhGiaKm ictdnvfk ifv rshb.
dkdb hstsYb,
.(....H4 q : H4 q : BHX1 >!‫ א‬NW^3 8: 4 V: @ 1 2 !‫ א‬1 : 1‫ود‬: T1 ~
3 V1 74 8: :‫ول‬B 5 1‫ ن‬PK 5‚5 ،:HSBX: L
: 14 L
3 1$: 4 V1 ‫و‬: )...
ª---ufrfâfsmv ict vfJf rsh. nckvfQ zfdmƒ rh nhGiaKm snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp ifv rsh.
zfv sndlb vnCtosBv lczf rsh, `zfïfù©mf nfdïm nfdïm.' (hcJfvD 6573bQ)
 230
k]fv iv k]fvƒ …©mk zbAfbA …©mskv iCshG ictdnvfk zdkÛÁm jsv shsrwXsk
iashw jvsh. (hcJfvD 7437, mcndtm 469bQ)
(33) dkdbƒ nhGiaKm ufâfsk iashw jvshb.
dkdb hstsYb,
.( X: 1 n3 4 65 K‚5 3 SB±
5 ‫ א‬3$ / 3 n5 ْ +
: /3 1W;
1 ْ‚V: 74 8: 1‫ول‬B )
zKGf{, zfdmƒ rh snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp nhGiaKm ufâfskv lvufv jVf Lsv drtfsh. (zfrmfl
2692, dkvdmpD 3148, lfsvmD 50bQ)
.(: ž
4 5 !5 ‫و‬: 3 8: :n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: 5 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬1 ;
1 &4 V: 74 8: 1‫ول‬B 5 :5 ‫و‬: )
zKGf{, zfdmƒ rh snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp nhGiaKm ufâfsk iashw jvsh. (zfrmfl 12491, dn}
nrDrfr 1571bQ)
.(3 SB±
5 ‫ א‬1$ /: 1*!5 1]b:Yْ V1 74 8: 1‫ول‬B 5 :5 ‫و‬: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: R3s‫א‬: !3 :9+
4 I: H4 X1 rPK :‫م‬:‫د‬- 1&!5 ‫و‬: )
ªdjqfmskv dlb zflm-n§Àfbslv njstƒ zfmfv ikfjfkst zh²¿fb jvsh ˆhQ
zfdmƒ rh snƒ hAdÙÁ, pfv ubA nhGiaKm ufâfskv lvuf sJftf rsh.« (ƒhsb zfnfdjv, n}
ufsm' 7118bQ)
5? 1U4 83 K 5h/3 1‫ ل‬nK :5 .&< 'B +
: 81 1‫ ل‬6K 5‚5 :94 5 74 8: 1‫ @زن‬ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ ل‬nK : 5 1]b3Yْ b:4 5‚5 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬:$ /: I3 - »
.« 5h5 4 65 N&O : 5 1]b:ْ 5
ªzfdm ufâfskv dbje ˆsn kfv lvuf Jctsk hth. lfsvfqfb dIdvwXkf htshb, `sj
zfidb?' zfdm hth, `mcrf©mfl.' lfsvfqfb htshb, `zfdm zfdló rsqdY, spb zfibfv
iCshG zbA jfsvf ubA lvuf bf Jcdt.« (mcndtm 507bQ)
(34) k]fv iadk ˆjhfv lv™l W nftfm iVst lwhfv zfïfrv vrmskv zdLjfvD
rWqf pfq.
(35) k]fsj `znDtf' bfmj ufâfskv ˆjde nshGf{jxó ²¿fb lfb jvf rsh.
dkdb hstsYb,
3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬,
: "ً 5 ,
: B 5: >,
: 74 8: 1*B@‘5 B 5 : ‫ א‬r,
: BH‰1 1‫ ل‬nK V: 8: : „4 83 ‫! א‬K nK 5 :‫ن‬M‫—ذ‬: '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1Hb14 '3 : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A »
‫ن‬4 5 L
1 4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬3‫ د‬:3 74 83 N&4 : !3 >?@A “3 :S4 I: 5? 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬3 › !5 T@ S4 8: X: B@‘5 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 :*> !‫ א א‬K : BH‰1 ‫א‬Q f4 : X: /3
.« K : Y5 fB !‫ א‬1*!5 9
4 >O
: 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 :‫ل‬5‚: 74 ': 5 : \1 :5 :‫ ن‬PK 5
ªskfmvf pJb zfpfb ðbsh, kJb (zfpfsbv …Ùsv) mczfpXdpb pf djYc htsh,
skfmvfW dEj kfƒ htsh. kfviv zfpfb swsN zfmfv …iv lv™l ifE jvsh. sjbbf,
sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv …iv ˆjhfv lv™l ifE jvsh, kfv dhdbmsq kfv iadk zfïfr lwde
vrmk bfspt jvshb. zk}iv skfmvf zfïfrv dbje zfmfv ubA `znDtf' iafKGbf
jvsh. jfvB, `znDtf' rs¤Y ufâfskv ˆmb ˆjde ²¿fb, pf nm²À hf¦lfv msLA sjht
zfïfrv ˆjde hf¦lf (kfv …ipcÙÁ) rsh. zfv zfwf jdv, zfdmƒ snƒ hf¦lf rh.
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv ubA znDtf iafKGbfgjvsh, kfv ubA (zfmfv) ncifdvw zdbhfpG
rsq pfsh.« (mcndtm 875bQ)
231

k]fv mfLAsm kfhfvG¢j oarB

kfhfv¢Gj sjfb h²Âv mfsU mÌt W jtAfsBv zfwf vfJf, ðH LfvBf W jfmbf jvf,
iafycpG W idhÛkfv dhÇhfn vfJfsj hcUfq.
zfrst ncâfr ˆ dhNsq ˆjmk sp, mCtk} kfhfvG¢j dbdNÝ, sn dhNsq YfVf, sp dhNsq
nc±ió W nrDr wvqD ltDt zfsY.
jD mchfvj, jDsn hjGk zfsY, jDHfsh hjGk zuGb jvf pfsh, kf ˆjmfÛ wvDqskv
dbslGswƒ dbLGfdvk rq. jfsvf HdÙÁ-Hfstfhfnf W zfsho äfvf kf dbLGfvB rq bf.
wvDqk jkGj x dbBGDk mchfvj hAdÙÁk¶ dYt zfïfrv JtDt, diaq bhD -ˆv. k]fv
mfsU zfïfr hù ƒrstZdjj W ifvstZdjj Jfqv W hjGk icÓDHCk jsvdYstb. sp k]fv
dbje kfhfv¢Gsjv zfwfq spk, zfïfr kfsjW hjGkiCBG jvskb. snƒ hjGskv jKf
nfrfhDoBW ufbskb ˆhQ nxdóv snvf mfbcsNv dbje snƒ hjGk tfHW jvskb.
k]fv uDhÜwfq k]fv slr ±iwG jsv kfhfv¢Gj oarB jsvsYb nfrfhfoB. spsrkc dkdb
dYstb mchfvj, k]fv msLA dYt hjGskv Hfàfv.
zfhC ucrfƒIf hstb, ˆjlf lcicsv vfnCtcïfr hfkXrfv dlsj shv rstb.
snJfsb …pC jsv spfrsvv lc' vfjzfk W zfnsvv lc' vfjzfk bfmfp zflfq jvstb.
stfsjvf …sE k]fv lcƒ rfk dbsq dbsuslv syrfvfq mfnfr jvsk tfot. zfdmW k]fv
rfk dbsq zfmfv syrfvfv …isv vfJtfm. slJtfm, kf hvsIv sysq shdw Efàf ˆhQ
j²ÂvDv sysq shdw ncoámq. (hcJfvD 3553bQ)
k]fv idhÛ rfskv hjGk sbhfv ubA ifsÛ ifdb dbsq k]fv rfk Fchfv zsi[f jvskb.
zfbfn hstb, `vfnCtïc fr pJb Iusvv bfmfp iVskb, kJb mlDbfv lfn-
lfnDvf ifdbv ifÛ dbsq rfdpv Kfjk. dkdb iaskAj ifsÛƒ rfk Fcdhsq dlskb. jJsbf
wDskv IusvW dkdb ifsÛ rfk Fchfskb.' (mcndtm 6187bQ)
mfKfv sjw mcàb jvfv nmq nfrfhDoB k]fv yfv ifsw dOsv l]fVfskb. k]fv ˆjde
yctW mfdesk iVsk bf dlsq rfskv mcsEfq dbsq njtsj h¦eb jvskb ˆhQ kfv äfvfq
kfhfv¢Gj rfdnt jvskb. (‰ 6188bQ)
dkdb dbsuƒ k]fv mcdàk sjw stfsjslv mfsU dhkvB jvsk zfslw jvskb. (‰
3215bQ)
ƒntfsmv mrfb spfÝf W hDv snbfidk Jfstl dhb ztDl pcsÝv nmq k]fv
ifoVDsk snƒ yct kfhfv¢Gj öv™i sh]sL vfJskb.
kf]v slsrv Ofm dwdwsk Hsv vfJf rskf ˆhQ kf sJfwhcv nfsK dmdtsq hAhrfv jvf
rskf hjGk tfsHv ubA.
ˆjlf dkdb …s©m nctfƒm (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v Osv ˆsn ðsq Ocdmsq sostb. dkdb
 232
Osv dYstb bf. dkdb ˆst k]fsj htf rt, `bhD skfmfv Osv ˆsn skfmfv dhYfbfq
Ocdmsq isVsYb.' dkdb OmGfÙÁ rst k]fv Ofm dhYfbfv yfmVfv …iv
usm …sEdYt. …s©m nctfƒm k]fv dn¦lcj Jcst dwdw shv jvstb. zk}iv snƒ Ofm
(jfiVJà äfvf swfNB j'sv kf) dbQsV dwdwsk vfJsk tfostb. bhD
zj±mf{ OfhsV …Estb. k]fsj duÎfnf jvstb, `jD jvY …s©m nctfƒm?' htstb,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! (zfibfv Ofm. zfmfslv ncodásk dmdwsq slh. kf rsh swaô ncodá.)
zfv kfsk zfmfslv dwðslv ubA hjGskv zfwf jvh.' dkdb htstb, ªdEj zfsY.«
(mcndtm 6201-6202bQ)
nfrfhfoB k]fv Wpcv ifdb hjGskv zfwfq ifb jvskb.
nfsqh dhb qAfpDl hstb, (dwð zh²¿fq) zfmfsj zfmfv Jftf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY
dbsq sostb. Jftf k]fsj htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv shfbsif hAKf zbcHh
jsv.' nckvfQ dkdb zfmfv mfKfq rfk hcdtsq dlstb ˆhQ zfmfv ubA hjGskv lczf
dlstb. zk}iv dkdb WpC jvstb. nckvfQ zfdm k]fv WpCv ifdb ifb jvtfm.
zk}iv k]fv disEv diYsb JfVf rtfm ˆhQ k]fv lcƒ j]fsLv mfsU ifqvfv dFsmv mskf
bhczskv smfrv slJsk sitfm. (hcJfvD 187, mcndtm 2345bQ)
nfrfhfoB kf]v KcKc ofsq mfJskb. (hcJfvD 2732bQ)
ùlfƒdhqAfv ndáv nmq mÄfv jcvfƒwslv iadkdbdL lt W
mcndtmslv mfsU jKfhfkGf W efbfsifsVb ytdYt. snƒ
zh²¿fq …vWqfr dhb mfn†l nfj¶fID mcndtmslv zfyvB
nys[ lwGb jvdYstb. mcndtmvf k]fslv bhDv nfsK jD
hAhrfv jvsY, kf dkdb n§ÀiGsB t[A jvdYstb. dkdb
hstb, `zfïfrv jnm! vfnCtcïfr jI sItskƒ kf
Wslv jfsvf rfsk iVdYt ˆhQ sn kf dbsq dbsuv syrfvf
W yfmVfq smsJ dbd¤Yt. dkdb sjfb zfslw jvst kfvf
k]fv zfslw iftsb k{iv dYt. dkdb …pC jvst k]fv …pCv
ifdb sbWqfv ubA mfvfmfdv jvdYt. dkdb jKf htst kfvf
dbsuslv zfWqfu k]fv jfsY dbyc j'sv dbd¤Yt. zdk
nmDrsk k]fv iadk kfvf ˆj lxsó kfjfd¤Yt bf.'
…vWqfr dbu nÌDslv jfsY dIsv ˆsn htstb,
x: 4 P3 ‫و‬: : #
: 4 65 5 : 1U&4 5 ‫و‬: ‫و‬: 3g K '1 !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 1U&4 5 ‫و‬: &4 n5 !5 3*> !‫א‬:‫م@ و‬4 65 c
4 5)
233

1Hƒq : V1 8: 1*/1 +
:,4 5 1*'1 ƒq : V1 •r 65 Jً 38: 19V4 5 : ‫ن‬4 @A 3*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬MR3 ~
: SB!‫א‬:‫و‬
.(....‫א‬Q&'B +
: 81 N&'B +
: 81 1$ +
:,45
zKGf{, sr zfmfv n©ialfq! zsbj vfuf-hflwfv lvhfsv
sodY, j¶fƒnfv, djnvf W bfufwDv lvhfsv sodY. dj§Â
zfïfrv jnm! sjfb vfufsj sldJdb, kfv iaufvf kfsj
skmb nmDr jsv, spmb mcrf©mfl -ˆv dwwAvf jsv
mcrf©mfslv! (hcJfvD 2732bQ)
nfrfhfoB k]fv …d¤Yó ifdb hjGskv zfwfq ifb jvskb. (hcJfvD 4328bQ) kf]v
idvdrk sthfn hjGk tfsHv ubA idvLfb jvskb. jfIsb hAhrfsvv …sÜswA svsJ
dbskb. (hcJfvD 6036bQ)
smfe jKf, k]fv slr W slr sKsj dhd¤Yâ yct, Ofm,
sthfn ˆhQ k]fv hAhr™k ifÛ W zbAfbA h²Â nhƒ dYt
hjGkiCBG. k]fvf kfsk hjGskv zfwf jvskb ˆhQ ŠNL
öv™i hAhrfv jvskb. zfïfr k]fv mfLAsm k]fslvsj
lcdbqf W zfsJvfskv hjGk W jtAfB lfb jsvsYb.
nfrXt ƒhsb nf'l nfsqlD hstb, vfnCtcïfr Jfqhfv (pcsÝv) dlb htstb,
ªdbÇyq zfdm zfofmDjft pcÝ-ikfjf ˆmb ˆj hAdÙÁsj slh, pfv rfsk zfïfr dhuq
lfb jvshb, zfv sn hAdÙÁ zfïfr W kf]v vnCtsj Hfthfsn ˆhQ zfïfr W kf]v vnCtW
kfsj Hfthfsnb.« zk}iv stfsjvf ˆƒ zfstfybf jvsk jvsk vfk jfdesq dlt sp,
kfslv msLA sjfb hAdÙÁsj ˆef slWqf rsh. zk}iv njfst kfvf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv
dbje sot. kfslv iaskAsjvƒ ˆƒ zfjf£[f dYt sp, ikfjf kfsj slWqf srfj. dj§Â
dkdb duÎfnf jvstb, ªzftD ƒhsb zfhD k¶fsth sjfKfq?« k]fsj htf rt, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! k]fv y[cäsq hAKf rs¤Y.' dkdb htstb, ªkfsj sFsj ifEfW.« nckvfQ
k]fsj sFsj zfbf rt. kfviv vfnCtcïfr kfv y[cäsq KcKc tfdosq dlstb ˆhQ k]fv
ubA lczf jvstb. Ist dkdb ˆmb nc²¿ rsq sostb; spb k]fv sjfb hAKfƒ dYt bf.
zk}iv dkdb k]fsj pcÝ-ikfjf dlstb. (hcJfvD 2942, 3701, mcndtm 6376bQ)
zfhC mCnf hstb, zfdm bhD -ˆv ifsw dYtfm, kJb dkdb mÄf-mlDbfv mfsU
duƒvGfbfsk zh²¿fb jvdYstb. k]fv nfsK dYstb dhtft. ƒdk msLA ˆj shlc„b hAdÙÁ
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htt, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfmfsj sp iadkwa¢dk
dlsqdYstb, kf dj iftb jvshb bf?' vfnCtcïfr kfsj htstb, ªncnQhfl bfW.«
 234
shlc„b k]fsj htt, `zfidb zfmfsj ncnQhfl hùhfv hstsYb.'
vfnCtïc fr vfofd¦hk zh²¿fq zfhC mCnf W dhtfstv dlsj dIsv htstb,
.« ': b14 5 5 :6ْ 5 x: f4 1!ْ ‫ א‬B‫د‬: &4 65 ‫א‬:W\: B‫ن‬A@ »
ªˆ skf ncnQhfl vÜ jsv dlt, skfmvf kf oarB jv.«
k]fvf htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmvf kf oarB jvtfm.' zk}iv vfnCtcïfr
ˆjde ifsÛ ifdb zfbsk htstb. zk}iv dkdb kfsk dbu lcƒ rfk W syrfvf Lcstb
ˆhQ jcdï j'sv (jcdïv ifdb) kfsk dlstb. kfviv htstb,
.« ‫א‬: f3 /4 5 ‫و‬: ': PK @ +
1 1‫و‬: ': JK \3 L
1 ‫و‬1 5 : ©5 @ ْ 5 ‫و‬: 1*S4 83 /:: 4 ‫» א‬
ªˆ sKsj ifb jv ˆhQ skfmfslv syrfvf W hcsj sTst bfW ˆhQ ncnQhfl oarB jv.«
k]fvf ifÛde dbsq kfƒ jvstb, pf jvsk vfnCtcïfr k]fslvsj zfslw jsvdYstb.
ilGfv zfVft sKsj …s©m nftfmfr Ffj dlsq htstb, `skfmfslv ifsÛ pf zfsY, kfv
djYc skfmfslv zf©mfv ubA h]fdysq vfJ.' nckvfQ k]fvf k]fv ubA djYc zhdwó vfJstb.
(hcJfvD 4328, mcndtm 6561bQ)
hfvf' dhb zfsph hstb, `ùlfƒdhqfv dlb vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfsK syZÜ wskvW
shdw stfj dYt. kfvf ˆjde jcqfv ifsw zhkvB jvst kfv ifdb db}swN rsq pfq.
zk}iv kfvf vfnCtïc fr -ˆv jfsY zdHspfo ufbfq. dkdb jcqfv djbfvfq hsn kfv
ˆj hftdk ifdb kth jsvb. ifdb zfbf rst dkdb kfsk KcKc dlsq lczf jsvb.
zk}iv djYc[B kf huGb jvsk hstb. nckvfQ (jcqfv ifdb hxdÝ ifq ˆhQ) snJfb
sKsj ia²¿fb jsv pfWqf zhdL kfvf ifb jsv idvkxå rq W kfslv nWqfvDÈdtsjW
idvkxå jsv.' (hcJfvD 4151bQ)
ufshv hstb, (ùlfƒdhqfv dlb) ˆjlf zfnsvv nmq rsq sot. zfdm bhD -ˆv
nfsK dYtfm. nfmfbA zhdwó ifdb YfVf zbA ifdb dYt bf. ‰ ifdbecjc ˆjde ifsÛ svsJ
bhD -ˆv jfsY zfbf rt. dkdb kfsk rfk Hsv dlstb ˆhQ zfÌctÈdtsj I]fj
jvstb. zk}iv htstb,
.(3*> !‫ א‬74 83 K P5 : :!ْ ‫ א‬،3 k
1 : !ْ ‫\ @ א‬4 5 5 : BRO
:)
ªˆsnf …pCv ifdbv dlsj, zfïfrv i[ sKsj hjGk.«
zfdm slJtfm, k]fv zfÌctÈdtv mLA rsk ifdb db}nxk rd¤Yt. nckvfQ stfsjvf kf
dlsq …pC jvt ˆhQ ifb jvt. kf rsk zfdmW zfmfv sise vfJsk sjfb Û¢de jdvdb.
zfdm susbdYtfm, kf rt hjGk.
hBGbfjfvD hstb, zfdm ufshv -sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `zfibfslv nQJAf jk
dYt?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `syZÜwk.' (hcJfvD 5639bQ)
ufshv hstb, J¦lj pcsÝv nmq zfmvf idvJf Jbb jvdYtfm. snƒ nmq ˆj Jà
jdEb ifKv shdvsq ˆst (pf HfÌf pfd¤Yt bf) njstƒ bhD -ˆv dbje ˆsn htstb,
`J¦lsjv msLA ˆj Jà ifKv shdvsqsY (zfmvf kf HfÌsk ifvdY bf).' ˆ jKf ðsb
dkdb htstb, ªzfdm dbsu J¦lsj zhkvB jvh.« zk}iv dkdb lf]Vfstb. sn nmsq
kf]v sise ˆjde ifKv hf]Lf dYt. zfv zfmvfW zbfrfsv dYtfm; dkbdlb sjfb djYcƒ
235
Jfƒdb. bhD (ˆsn) ˆjde o]fƒdk rfsk dbsq ifKsvv …iv zfOfk jvstb, Ist
k{[Bf{ kf yCBG-dhyCBG rsq hftcjf vfdwsk idvBk rt. zk}iv zfdm httfm, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj hfVD pfWqfv ubA zbcmdk dlb.' (dkdb zbcmdk dlst hfVD
si]ZsY) zfmfv ²ÃDsj httfm, `bhD -ˆv msLA zfdm ˆmb djYc slsJdY, pf zfdm nrA
jvsk ifvdY bf. skfmfv dbje sjfb Jfhfv zfsY dj?' sn htt, `zfmfv dbje djYc ph
W ˆjde hjvDv hf¤yf zfsY.'
nckvfQ hjvDv hf¤yfde zfdm pshr jvtfm ˆhQ sn ph disN dlt. zk}iv sofñ
sFjdysk svsJ zfdm bhD -ˆv dbje ˆtfm. sn nmq zfef Jfdmv rd¤Yt ˆhQ sFjdy
yctfv dU]sjv …iv dYt W sofñ iafq vfâf rsq ˆsndYt. kJb zfdm httfm, `sr
zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv (hfVDsk) nfmfbA djYc Jfhfv zfsY. Ist ˆjub hf lc'ub nfsK
dbsq zfidb …sE zfncb.' dkdb htstb, ªjD idvmfB Jfhfv zfsY?« zfdm k]fv dbje
nh Jcst htst dkdb htstb, `zsbj ˆhQ …Ùm zfsY.' zk}iv dkdb zfmfsj
htstb, ªkcdm skfmfv ²ÃDsj dosq ht, sn spb zfdm bf zfnf ipG§À sFjdy yctf sKsj bf
bfmfq ˆhQ v¢de SkvD bf jsv.« kfviv (njstv …sÜswA) dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf
…E! (ufdhv skfmfslvsj Jfhfsvv lfWqfk dlsqsY.)« mcrfduv W zfbnfvoB …Estb
(ˆhQ ytsk tfostb). zk}iv zfdm zfmfv ²ÃDv dbje dosq httfm, `skfmfv nhGbfw
srfj! (ˆJb jD rsh?) bhD skf mcrfduv, zfbnfv ˆhQ kfslv zbA nfKDslv dbsq
yst zfnsYb.' dkdb (ufshsvv ²ÃD) htstb, `dkdb dj zfibfsj duÎfnf jsvdYstb?'
zfdm httfm, `r]Af.' (²ÃD htstb, `kfrst zfïfr W k]fv vnCt zdLj ufsbb. zfmfslv
jfsY pf zfsY kf skf zfidb k]fsj ufdbsq dlsqsYb.' ufshv hstb, kJb zfmfv
djQjkGhAdhmCPkf lCv rt. zfdm httfm, `kcdm dEjƒ hstY.') kfviv bhD
…id²¿k rsq htstb, ªskfmvf njstƒ iashw jv ˆhQ dHV jsvf bf.« ˆ hst dkdb
v¢de ecjsvf j'sv kfv …iv sofñ dlsq nfrfhfslv mfsU dhkvB jvsk ðv¢ jvstb.
(ˆÈstf idvshwb jvfv nmq) dkdb sFjdy W yctf sTsj svsJdYstb. ˆHfsh dkdb v¢de
ecjsvf j'sv rfk Hsv dhkvB jvsk tfostb ˆsk njst kxdå nrjfsv Jfhfv isvW
djYc hfjD vsq sot. dkdb (ufshsvv ²ÃDsj) htstb, ªˆ kcdm JfW ˆhQ zbAsj …irfv
lfW. sjbbf, stfsjslvsj [cLf sisqsY.« (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ufshv hstb, pJb idvJf Jbb jvf rt, kJb zfdm bhD
-sj HcJf slJtfm. zk}iv zfdm zfmfv ²ÃDv dbje dosq httfm, `skfmfv dbje
sjfb (Jfhfv) dudbn zfsY dj? sjbbf, zfdm vfnCtcïfr -sj iayà [cLfkG slJtfm.'
nckvfQ sn ˆjde yfmVfv Kdt shv jvt, pfsk ˆj nf' (zfVfƒ djstf idvmfB) ph dYt.
zfv zfmfslv dbje ˆjde oxrifdtk Yfostv hf¤yf dYt. zfdm kf uhfƒ jvtfm ˆhQ
zfmfv ²ÃD ph diNt. zfmfv (mfQn hfbfsbfv jfu n©iâ jvf ipG§À) snW ph diNfv
jfu snsv dbt. icbvfq zfdm mfQn ecjsvf ecjsvf jsv rf]dVsk vfJtfm. kfviv
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dbje spsk tfotfm. sn htt, `zfidb vfnCtcïfr W k]fv nfKDslv
jfsY zfmfsj tfdÒk jvshb bf.' nckvfQ zfdm k]fv dbje ˆtfm ˆhQ ycdi ycdi httfm,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmvf zfmfslv ˆjde Yfot uhfƒ jsvdY ˆhQ zfmfv ²ÃD ˆj nf
 236
ph disNsY. nckvfQ zfidb zfncb ˆhQ zfibfv nfsK djYc stfj.' ˆ jKf ðsb
vfnCtïc fr dy{jfv j'sv htstb, ªsr idvJf JbbjfvDvf! ufshv Jfhfv SkvD jsvsY,
skfmvf ˆsnf.« vfnCtïc fr zfmfsj htstb, ªsp ipG§À zfdm bf zfdn, sn ipG§À kcdm
yctf sKsj sFjdy bfmfsh bf ˆhQ zfefv v¢de SkvD jvsh bf.« zk}iv zfdm ˆtfm
ˆhQ bhD W ˆstb. dkdb stfsjslv zfso zfso r]fesk tfostb. idvswsN zfdm
zfmfv ²ÃDv dbje ˆtfm (ˆhQ kfsj njstv zfnfv nQhfl dltfm). sn zfmfsj H{Gnbf
jvsk tfot. zfdm httfm, `(ˆsk zfmfv slfN jD?) zfdm skf kf-ƒ jsvdY, pf kcdm
zfmfsj hstdYst.' (pfƒ srfj) sn JmDv shv j'sv dlt. dkdb kfsk KcKc mfvstb ˆhQ
hjGskv lczf jvstb. kfviv dkdb zfmfslv sFjdyv dbje dosq kfskW KcKc mfvstb
ˆhQ hjGskv lczf jvstb. zfv dkdb (zfmfv ²ÃDsj) htstb, ªˆjub mdrtf Ffsjf;
sn skfmfv nfsK v¢de SkvD jv¢j ˆhQ kcdm sFydj sKsj (mfQn) ifsÛ dlsk Kfj, dj§Â
yctf sKsj kf bfmfsh bf.«
k]fvf nQJAfq ˆj rfufv dYstb. ufshv hstb, zfdm zfïfrv jnm sJsq htdY sp,
`njstƒ Jfhfv sJstb ˆmbdj swN ipG§À kfvf djYc zhdwó svsJ yst sostb. zfv
zfmfslv sFjdy zfsov mk Iceskƒ Kfjt ˆhQ zfmfslv zfef sKsj v¢de ia²k  rskƒ
vƒt.' (hcJfvD 4102, mcndtm 5436bQ)
zfbfn ƒhsb mfstj sKsj hdBGk, (ˆjlf zfmfv n{hfi) zfhC k¶ftrf (zfmfv mf)
…s©m nctfƒmsj htstb, `zfdm vfnCtcïfr ˆv jØövef Jch [DB ðbtfm. zfdm hcUsk
ifvtfm, dkdb [cLfkG. nckvfQ skfmfv dbje djYc zfsY dj?' …s©m nctfƒm htstb,
`r]Af.' zk}iv dkdb djYc pshv v¢de kfv WVbfv ˆj zQw dlsq sh]sL sofisb zfmfv
jfisVv dbsy È]su dlstb. zfv ziv zQw zfmfv ofsq udVsq dlsq zfmfsj vfnCtcïfr
-ˆv dbje ifEfstb. zfdm kf dbsq sotfm ˆhQ vfnCtcïfr -sj mndusl hnf zh²¿fq
sitfm. k]fv nfsK djYc stfj dYt. zfdm kfslv dbjse dosq lf]Vftfm. kJb dkdb zfmfsj
htstb, ªskfmfsj zfhC k¶ftrf ifdEsqsY?« zfdm httfm, `uD r]Af.' dkdb htstb,
ªsjfb Jfhfsvv ubA bfdj?« zfdm httfm, `uD r]Af.' kJb vfnCtcïfr kf]v
(nfKDslvsj) htstb, ªWE.« nckvfQ k]fvf vWbf rstb. zfdmW k]fslv zfso zfso
ytsk tfotfm ˆhQ zfhC k¶ftrfv dbje ˆsn Jhv ufbftfm. kJb zfhC k¶ftrf htstb,
`sr …s©m nctfƒm! vfnCtïc fr djYc stfj dbsq zfnsYb. zKy zfmfslv dbje nhfƒsj
JfWqfsbfv mk JflA nfmoaD sbƒ (ˆJb jD jvf pfq)?' …s©m nctfƒm htstb, `zfïfr W
kf]v vnCt Hft ufsbb.' zk}iv zfhC kftrf (zfso) dosq vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nsÌ
nf[f{ jvstb. vfnCtïc fr k]fv nsÌ zfomb jvstb ˆhQ …Hsq Osv iashw jvstb.
vfnCtïc fr htstb, `sr …s©m nctfƒm! skfmfv dbje pf djYc zfsY dbsq ˆsnf.' nckvfQ
dkdb ‰ v¢deÈstf ˆsb rfduv jvstb. vfnCtcïfr snÈdtsj ecjvf ecjvf jvsk
zfslw jvstb. zk}iv kfv …iv …s©m nctfƒm dOsqv ifÛ sTst kvjfdv hfbfstb.
kfviv vfnCtïc fr kfsk zfïfrv ƒ¤Yfq jD jD hst (I]cj) dlstb. kfviv htstb,
ªlwubsj zfnsk ht.« kJb lwubsj zfnsk htf rt. kfvf ˆsn idvkxdå nrjfsv
sJsq shdvsq sot. kfviv htstb, ªzfsvf lwubsj zfnsk ht.« kJb zfvW lwub
237
ˆsn sJsq shdvsq sot. kfviv htstb, ªzfsvf lwubsj zfnsk ht.« ˆHfsh zfok
stfjslv nhfƒ kxdå nrjfsv JfWqf-lfWqf jvstb. zfv zfok stfjslv nQJAf dYt
70 djQhf 80 ub. (hcJfvD 3578, mcndtm 5436bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, lwub j'sv iashw jvsk ˆhQ shv rsk Kfjt. ˆmbdj
swN ipG§À ˆmb sjfb hAdÙÁ hfjD vƒt bf, sp iashw jsv idvkxdå nrjfsv Jfqdb.
zk}iv ‰ Jfhfv umf j'sv slJf sot sp, JfWqfv zfsov mkƒ hfjD vsqsY.
zbA hBGbfq zfsY, kfvf lw lwub j'sv Jfhfv sJt. ˆƒHfsh swN ipG§À 80 ub
stfjsj dkdb JfWqfstb. nhswsN bhD ˆhQ oxrhfnDvf sJstb ˆhQ k]fvfW djYc
(Jfhfv) sYsV dlstb.
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zk}iv k]fvf ˆk Jfhfv zhdwó vfJstb sp, kf
iadkshwDslv dbje si]ZsY dlstb.
ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, zfhC kftrf lvufq l]fdVsq sostb. idvswsN zfïfrv vnCt
ˆsn …id²¿k rst dkdb k]fsj htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfnst nfmfbA djYc dudbn
dYt.' vfnCtïc fr htstb,
.« 5 P5 : :!ْ ‫ א‬3* 3 1 : ~
4 : : :*> !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 1*'B K\: »
ªˆsnf! zfïfr dbÇyq kfsk hjGk nxdó jvshb.« (mcndtm 5441bQ)
ˆ skf zfïfrv JtDstv jKf. dkdb zfv mfbcsNv mfsU sbƒ. kf]v hAhr™k sjfb
dudbn hf k]fv slr sKsj dhd¤Yâ yct hf zbA djYc ncdbdÇykHfsh kf]vƒ hst sjfKfW
nQvd[k sbƒ. kfƒ snƒ Lvsbv kfhfv¢Gj oarB ˆJb zfv n©Hh bq. zfv k]fv mk
sjfb rfhDh sbƒ, p]fv slr hf slrfQw dbsq mfbcN kfhfv¢Gj dbsk ifsv hf hjGskv zfwf
jvsk ifsv.
ˆ jKf iamfdBk sp, k]fv hAhr™k dudbnÈdt dhdHâ dIkbf W pcsÝv jfvsB bó rsq
sosY zKhf rfdvsq sosY.
k]fv ˆjde yflv zfêfnDslv zfmstv swN nmqjfst bó rsq sosY. 656 druvDsk
kfkfv kf icdVsq sIstsY. ˆde hfolfsl nQvd[k dYt.
k]fv ifsqv ˆjsufVf uckf dYt lfsmwXsj. ³kmcvtsÌv dIkbf zfmst 803
druvDsk dbsJ]fu rsq pfq.
zfv ˆƒHfsh mrfbhD -ˆv yct, v¢mft, ifodV, tfdE hf zbA djYc sjfKfW zfsY
hst ndEj sjfb iamfB ifWqf pfq bf. dhLfq LfvBfhsw sjfb djYcsj k]fv msb jsv kfv
äfvf kfhfvG¢j oarB mcndtsmv ubA ³hL bq. (û} zft-zfNfv¢b bfhfdhqAfr 82ix})
zbcv™iHfsh ˆ jKfW susb vfJf lvjfv sp, kfhfv¢Gj oarsBv hAfifsv mrfbhD -
ˆv mskf zbA sj… rsk ifsvb bf, yfsr dkdb zfrst hfqskv sj… rb zKhf zbA
sjfb hV hcpcoG rb. bhDv Wqfsvnslv msLA snƒ Lvsbv sjfb hjGk sbƒ. spsrkc bhDoB
sjht ƒtXsmv Wqfsvn hfdbsq Kfsjb. mrfbhD -ˆv slr hf k]fv slr nQto´ zKhf
k]fv hAhr™k sjfb dudbn dbsq hjGk oarB sjht k]fv nfsKƒ nDmfhÝ. ivhkGD sjfb
nfrfhD, kfsh„, ƒmfm, hcpcoG hf zfstsmv slr hf slr nQto´ zKhf k]fslv hAhr™k sjfb
dudbn dbsq kfhfv¢Gj oarB ³hL bq. spsrkc mrfbhD -ˆv dksvfLfsbv iv sjfb
 238
nfrfhDv mfLAsm snƒ swaBDv kfhfvG¢j oarB iamfdBk bq. bf JctfIfsq vfswlDb jkGj x ,
zfv bf zbA sjfb nfrfhD jkGj x .
htf hfùtA, hAdÙÁk¶ dbsq kfhfvG¢j oarB mrfbhD -ˆv ³hdwóA. bhDv Wqfsvnslv
ƒtXm äfvf hjGk zuGb jvf mcndtmslv jkGhA.
mcndtsmv mb zhwAƒ kfv diaq bhD -ˆv iadk nlf zfoarD Kfjsh. mlDbf
bhdhqfsk Kfjfjfst jk zfwf jsvdY, pdl k]fv sjfb ±mxdkdyrÁ slJsk ifƒ.
Hfstfhfnfv zfjNGsB msb rsqsY pdl k]fv sjfb kAÙÁ dudbn slJsk ifƒ. k]fv ùuvfv
ifsw vWpfq hsn jk j¬ibf jsvdY, pdl k]fv bCvfbD mchfvj syrfvf slsJ zfmfv
y[cäqsj wDkt jvsk ifvkfm. pdl k]fsj ˆj itsjv ubA ±iwG jvsk ifvkfm.
pdl ˆj mcrCskGv ubA k]fv sjfb ncdmó hfBD ðbsk sikfm. pdl zfmfv nh djYc jcvhfbD
dlsqW ˆjhfv snƒ mchfvj rfhDshv slJf sikfm.
k]fv dmrvfshv ifsw hsndY, k]fv lnGofsr Hfhfshso zfjct rsqdY, k]fv sjfb
nfrfhDsjW slJsk sikfm, dpdb zfmfv rfhDhsj slJfv snZHfoA tfH jsvsYb.
mÄfv k]fv u¦m²¿fb, bCv ifrfV-nr zbAfbA ±mxdk²¿fb lwGb jsv bqsb zwa¢ UdvsqdY,
pdl ˆj dbsmsNv ubA rfhDshv slJf sikfm. ˆƒ syZÜ w' hYv isvW ˆmb zfwf hV
zfuDh rstW sn zfwfsk spb iawfd§À dYt, ˆj iajfv zfb¦l dYt. mlDbfv ztDsk-
otDsk Ocsv shdVsqW ˆj iajfv zfb¦l tfH jsvdY.
ƒhsb nDvDb hstb, ˆjlf zfdm …hfƒlfr dhb zfmXvsj httfm, `zfmfslv jfsY bhD
-ˆv yct zfsY, pf zfbfn zKhf zfbfsnv idvhfsvv jfsvf dbje sKsj zuGb
jsvdY.' dkdb htstb, `zfmfv dbje k]fv ˆjde yct Kfjf lcdbqf W k¦mLAd²¿k h²ÂnmCr
sKsj zdLj diaq.' (hcJfvD 170bQ)
ƒmfm pfrfhD ˆƒ …dÙÁv eDjfq hstb, `ˆƒ swaBDv jKf bhD -ˆv iÑfw hYv isv
ˆƒ ƒmfm hstb! kfrst zfmvf zfmfslv ˆƒ nmsq jD hth? pdl zfmvf ndEj nCsÛ
k]fv djYc yct zKhf uckfv dIkf zKhf jfef bJ zKhf ifb-ifsÛv Ho´fQwW tfH
jvkfm! (dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb bchftf' 4/42)
iajkx ia²fÀ sh nrDr nCsÛ k]fv sjfb djYcƒ hkGmfb sbƒ.
ƒmfm pfrfhD zbAÛ hstb, ˆ jKf iamfdBk sp, bhD mfKf sbVf jvfv nmq k]fv
idhÛ yct nfrfhfslv mfsU k]fslv n©mfbfsKG dhkvB jsvsYb. rfq zfIsnfn! pdl k]fv
ˆjde ycst ycìb dlsk n[m rkfm. (‰ 13/547)
nfshk hcbfbD (v}) pJb vfnCtcïfr -ˆv Jfslm zfbfn -sj slJskb, kJb k]fv
jfsY ˆsn k]fv rfsk ycmf dlskb ˆhQ htskb, `ˆef snƒ rfk, sp rfk vfnCtcïfr -
ˆv rfksj ±iwG jsvsY.'
zbcv™i zfyvB jsvsYb ƒqfrXqf dhb rfsvN (v}) nfrfhD WqfsNtfr dhb zfnj¶f' -
ˆv nfsK ˆhQ djYc kfsh„b nftfmfr dhb zfjWqf' -ˆv nfsK.
ufshv hstb, `ˆjde sJucv ofsYv È]dV (J]cde) dYt. bhD Jckhfr lfbjfst
lf]dVsq kfsk srtfb dlskb. kfviv pJb (jfsEv) dmìv (SkvD j'sv) vfJf rt, kJb
zfmvf lw mfsnv ofdHb …ebDv wsèv bAfq È]dVdev (jfâfv) wè ðbsk sitfm.
239
idvswsN bhD (dmìv rsk) sbsm dbu rfk kfv …iv vfJst sn wf§À rt.'
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, `pJb ucmzfv dlb ˆt ˆhQ bhD dmìsvv …iv hnstb,
kJb sJucsvv sp È]dVv ifsw dkdb Jckhf dlskb, kf ˆmb dydïsq sj]sl …Et sp, kf
sIse pfhfv …iÛÁm rsq iVt!'
ziv hBGbfq zfsY, `dwðv mk dydïsq …Et. nckvfQ bhD (dmìv sKsj) sbsm
kfsj Lsv dbu hcsj uVfstb. kJb sn snƒ dwðv mk j]flsk tfot, sp dwðsj
(zflv j'sv) yci jvfsbf rq, (kfsj yci jvfsbf rt ˆhQ) idvswsN sn iajdx k²¿ rt.'
vfnCtïc fr hstb, ªˆv jfâfv jfvB rs¤Y ˆƒ sp, ˆ (jfsY sKsj) Jckhf ðbk (pf
sKsj sn ˆJb hdÑk rsq isVsY).« (hcJfvD)
rfnfb hfnXvD (v}) …ÙÁ rflDsnv jfdrbD hBGbf jvskb, kJb htskb, `sr zfïfrv
hf¦lfoB! jfE vfnCtïc fr -ˆv nf[f{-jfmbfq sj]sl WsE! nckvfQ skfmvf ˆmb
nf[f{-jfmbfv shdw rjlfv. (dnqfv¢ zf'tfdmb bchftf' 4/570)
dbÇyq snZHfoAhfb k]fvf, p]fvf mÄf-mlDbf slJfv ncspfo tfH jsvsY. kfslv iadk
stfsjv drQnf rWqfv jKfW öfHfdhj. mÄf-mlDbf slJfv zLDv zfoar W kDha jfmbf
Kfjfv jKfW öfHfdhj.
dj§Â sn zfoar pdl hf²Àh bf rq, sn jfmbf pdl ziCvB sKsjƒ pfq, kfrst dbvfw
rWqfv djYc sbƒ. jfvB mlDbfv hjGk tfsH LbA bf rst, mlDbf-Wqftfv ncâfrsj
Hfstfshsn snƒ wCbA²¿fb iCvB jvf zdk nru. zkˆh diaqksmv lwGsbv hjGktfsH
nIt bf rst k]fv zfbcoskAv hjGktfsH nIt rb. dyv nfItA zfibfv ubAƒ.

k]fv lwGb
dkdb zfïfrv JftDt. k]fsj dpdb lwGb jvshb k]fv mpGflf dhwft. k]fsj dpdb lwGb
jvshb, dkdb rshb nfrfhD. wvDqskv idvHfNfq `nfrfhD' htf rq, iaskAj snƒ
snZHfoAhfb hAdÙÁsj, dpdb „mfsbv zh²¿fq bhD -ˆ nsÌ nf[f{ jsvsYb ˆhQ
„mfsbv zh²¿fq mxkAc hvB jsvsYb.
dkdbW snZHfoAhfb, dpdb „mfsbv zh²¿fq ˆmb hAdÙÁv nsÌ nf[f{ jsvsYb, dpdb
bhD -sj lwGb jsvsYb ˆhQ „mfsbv zh²¿fq mxkcAhvB jsvsYb. ˆmb hAdÙÁsk
kfsh„ htf rq.
dpdb kfsh„sj lwGb jsvsYb, dkdb kfsh-kfsh„b. dkdbW hV snZHfoAhfb. spsrkc
dkdb ˆmb hAdÙÁsj lwGb jsvsYb, p]fv †LGk ¶ b hAdÙÁhoG zfïfrv vfnCt -sj lwGb
jsvsYb.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
،R3/ :78: -:‫ و‬R - 74 8: x5 : 74 8: x5 : 74 ': !3‫و‬: ،R3 - 74 8: x : 74 ': !3 /: ¦K ‫و‬: ،R3/ :78: -:‫ و‬R3 - 74 ': !3 /: ¦K )
.($v:8 174 O
1 ‫و‬: H4 X1 !5 /: ¦K
zKGf{, jtAfB kfv ubA, sp zfmfsj lwGb jsvsY W zfmfv iadk „mfb ˆsbsY.
 240
jtAfB kfv ubA, sp snƒ hAdÙÁsj lwGb jsvsY, sp zfmfsj lwGb jsvsY. zfv kfv
ubAW sp snƒ hAdÙÁsj lwGb jsvsY, sp hAdÙÁ ˆmb stfjsj lwGb jsvsY, sp zfmfsj
lwGb jsvsY W zfmfv iadk „mfb ˆsbsY. kfslv ubA jtAfB W ðH idvBfm. (k¶fhfvfbD,
rfsjm, n} ufsm' 3926bQ)
ðLc kfƒ bq; hvQ ˆmb stfsjv ubAW hùÈB jtAfB vsqsY, sp k]fv iadk „mfb
zfbqb jsvsY. zfv k]fv iadk „mfsbv lfhD rt k]fsj Hfstfhfnf. zfv Hfstfhfnfv
lfhD W hfnbf rt iaDdkHfubsj ˆj buv sysq slJf. diaq bhD hstsYb,
.(R3 : V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: R3/ :78: - 74 ': !3 /: ¦K BH‰1 /: ¦K BH‰1 /: ¦K ‫و‬: ، R3/ :78: -:‫ و‬R3 -: 74 ': !3 /: ¦K )
zKGf{, jtAfB kfv ubA, sp zfmfsj lwGb jsvsY W zfmfv iadk „mfb ˆsbsY. zfv
jtAfB zk}iv jtAfB zk}iv jtAfB kfv ubA, sp zfmfv iadk „mfb ˆsbsY zKy
zfmfsj slsJdb. (zfrmfl 11691, n} ufsm' 3923bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(NU‫א‬B 8: :Š4 : R3/ :78: -:‫ و‬R3 : V: H4 !5 74 ': !3 /: ¦K ‫و‬: "ً B 8: R3/ :78: -‫ و‬R3 - 74 ': !3 /: ¦K )
zKGf{, ˆjhfv jtAfB kfv ubA, sp zfmfsj lwGb jsvsY W zfmfv iadk „mfb
ˆsbsY. zfv nfkhfv jtAfB kfv ubA, sp zfmfsj lwGb jsvdb zKy zfmfv iadk
„mfb zfbqb jsvsY. (zfrmfl, ƒhsb drêfb, rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 1241bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
3*3\4 5 74 83 3*4 !5 A 2dO
: 5 R3 ‫א‬: V: ‫ن‬4 5? BH‰1 R3 ‫א‬: V: ‫ن‬4 5? ‫ <م‬4 V: H4 PK 3&O
: 5 5 : B7: I3 ْ‚: !5 3•3&: /3 N&'B +
: 81 1•Yْ : c3W!> 5‫وא‬: )
.(H4 X1 : 8: 3*!3 8: ‫و‬:
ªp]fv rfsk mcrf©mfslv iafB zfsY, snƒ nÙfv jnm! zhwAƒ skfmfslv mfsU ˆmb
dlb zfnsh, sndlb zfmfv lwGb zk}iv zfmfv lwGb (mc'dmsbv dbje) kfv idvhfv W
n©il njt zsi[f shdw diaq rsh.« (zfrmfl, mcndtm 6278bQ)
.« 3*!3 8: ‫و‬: 3*3\4 5‚/3 3 -: 4 !5 H4 \1 1&O
: 5 2‫د‬: V: x3&4 /: :‫ ن‬1 JK V: ‫س‬ < : ¨O 1 !3 b3 8B K M&: 5 74 83 »
ªzfmfsj iayà Hfstfhfsn ˆmb …©mkDv msLA snƒ stfj rsh, pfvf zfmfv ok
rWqfv iv zfnsh. kfslv iaskAsj ˆƒ zfwf sifNB jvsh sp, pdl sn kfv idvhfv W
n©islv dhdbmsq zfmfsj lwGb jvk.« (zfrmfl 9388, mcndtm 7323bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb htstb, ªzfmfv jfmbf, pdl zfdm zfmfv Hfƒslv nfsK
nf[f{ jvkfm.« nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmvf dj zfibfv Hfƒ bƒ?'
dkdb htstb,
.(R3 ‫و‬4 : V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: R3/ ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬R3 ‫א‬: ;
4 @A 74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: ، R3/ +
:,4 5 H4 b14 5 )
ªskfmvf zfmfv nfrfhf. dj§Â zfmfv Hfƒ rt kfvf, pfvf zfmfv iadk „mfb ˆsbsY
zKy zfmfsj lwGb jsvdb.« (zfrmfl 12601, dn} nrDrfr 2888bQ)
rfhDh dhb dnhf' hstb, ˆjlf zfmvf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfsK lcicsvv Jfhfv sJtfm.
zfmfslv nfsK dYstb zfhC …hfƒlfr dhb ufvGfr . dkdb htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
zfmfslv yfƒsk swaô dj sj… zfsY? zfmvf zfibfv jfsY mcndtm rsqdY W zfibfv
241
nfsK sKsj durfl jsvdY.' vfnCtcïfr htstb,
.(R3 ‫و‬4 : V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: R3/ :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 ، H4 PK 3&4 /: 74 83 :‫ ن‬1 JK V: ‫ <م‬4 65 ، H4 : :)
ªr]Af, ˆmb n©ialfq, pfvf skfmfslv isv zfnsh, pfvf zfmfv iadk „mfb zfbsh
zKy zfmfsj lwGb jsvdb.« (zfrmfl 17018, dn} nrDrfr 3310bQ)
ˆjlf Iusvv bfmfp isV hsn vfnCtcïfr nfrfhfslvsj duÎfnf jvstb, ªsr
stfj njt! „mfsbv hAfifsv zfuh nxdó jfvf? (ufsbf dj?)«
k]fvf htstb, `dIdvwXkfmàtD.'
dkdb htstb, ªk]fslv jD rsqsY sp, k]fvf „mfb zfbshb bf? k]fvf skf k]fslv
iadkiftsjv dbjse vsqsYb.«
k]fvf htstb, `kfrst bhDoB sr zfïfrv vnCt!'
dkdb htstb, ªk]fslv jD rsqsY sp, k]fvf „mfb zfbshb bf? k]fslv …isv skf
zfjfw sKsj zrD zhkDBG rq.«
k]fvf htstb, `kfrst zfmvf sr zfïfrv vnCt!'
dkdb htstb,
:‫~ ^ ن‬
3 V: ‫ <م‬4 65 Q ®
: @A @Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:d~: 4 5 B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: ‫؟‬:‫ون‬4 : I: 8: :‫ون‬4 : I: H4 b14 5 ‫و‬: H4 PK @ X1 lْ 5 :74 /: :5 ‫و‬: :‫ ن‬S183 —4 I1 5? H4 JK !5 8: ‫و‬: )
.( Q ®
: A @Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1d~ : 4 5 H4 X1 5 ، 1*: 1 3 bBV: ‫و‬: 3*/3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 1 5 ، @RO 4 : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 /Q b:P3 :‫ون‬1&~ 3 : 5 ، H4 PK 3&4 /: 74 83
ªskfmfslv jD rsqsY sp, skfmvf „mfb zfbsh bf? zKy skfmvf pf slJY kf slJY.
hvQ „mfsbv hAfifsv zfuh nxdó rt snƒ n©ialfq, pfvf skfmfslv isv zfomb jvsh.
zk}iv kfvf zrDv djkfh sisq kfv iadk dhw¶fn ²¿fib jvsh W kfv zbcnvB jvsh.
kfvfƒ rt „mfsbv hAfifsv zfuh nxdó.« (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 12560, dn} nrDrfr 3215bQ)
zfïfù zfjhfv! diaq bhD -sj slJfv zfjf£[fv kDhakf mc'dmbsj ˆmb …¤y
mpGflf lfb jsv. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫و‬1‫ ذ‬1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬f: V: 7:8 3* I3 —4 V1 3*> !‫ א‬1 4 5 5h!3:‫( ذ‬٣) 1H J3 + : !ْ ‫ א‬T1 V@T: !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: H4 X@ /3 ‫ א‬nK +
: ْ V: 'B !5 H4 X1 S4 83 :7V@ ;
: -:‫}و‬
'±‫( " א‬٤) {@H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ @ א‬4 Y5 !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, kfslv zbAfbAslv ubAW (vnCt siadvk rsqsY), pfvf ˆJsbf kfslv nfsK
dmdtk rqdb. zfv zfïfr ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq. ˆef zfïfrv zbcoar, pfsj ƒ¤Yf dkdb
kf lfb jsvb. zfv zfïfr skf mrf zbcora wDt. (ucmc‚r } 3-4)
ˆ zbcora kfslv ubA, pfvf djqfmk ipG§À vnCt -ˆv …iv „mfb zfbqb jvsh.
sj… sj… hstb, zfvh W zbfvhslv snƒ nm²À mcntmfb, pfvf nfrfhfslv pfmfbfv iv
djqfmk ipG§À zfnsk Kfjsh. ˆsk ifvnA, svfm, hhGv, ncFfb, kcdjG²fÀ b, smfot,
jcdlG²fÀ b ˆhQ dyb W Hfvk ƒkAfdl slswv hvQ nfvf dhsw¶v nm²À hfdn¦lfvf z§ÀHcÙ G Á.
ivhkGD njt mcndtmslv ubA vsqsY mrfb zfïfrv snƒ zbcora .
bhD-HÙÁ …©mkD, sp mrfbhD -sj pKfKG Hfstfhfsn ˆhQ k]fv lwGb jfmbf msb-
iafsB sifNB jsv, sn k]fsj ösi´ slJsk ifsv. dkdb dbsu kfsj slJf slshb, kf bq.
hvQ mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj kfsj öi´ slJfsbf rsh. dIdvwXkf k]fv zfjxdk LfvB jsv
 242
kfv mfbnise lwGb lfb jvshb. jfvB wqkfb k]fv zfjxdk hf shw LfvB jvsk ifsv
bf. dkdb hstsYb,
ْ B :b:: ْ 5 ‫א‬Q&'M : b:81 BR5 : :$:WP5 74 8: ‫و‬: R3I: ,
1 R3 1 „B': b:V: !5 :‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 R3 -: &4 n5 5 @‫ م‬S:': !ْ ‫ א‬R3 R3 -: 74 8: ‫و‬: )
.(@ SB!‫ א‬74 83 1•:&: nْ 8:
ªsp hAdÙÁ ösi´ zfmfsj slsJ, sn nkAƒ zfmfsj slsJ. jfvB wqkfb zfmfv zfjxdk
LfvB jvsk ifsv bf. zfv sp hAdÙÁ ƒ¤Yfjxk zfmfv nìsá dmKAf hst, sn spb dbsuv
hfn²¿fb ufrfâfsm jsv sbq.« (hcJfvD 110bQ)
ªnh sysq hV dmKAf W oVf jKfv zbAkm ˆƒ sp, mfbcN ösi´ pf slsJ bf, kf slsJsY
hst lfhD jvf (hf iayfv jvf).« (nrDùt ufsm' 2207 )
ksh lwGjsj slJsk rsh k]fv dEj snƒ ùdtqfsk, sp ùdtqf rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY.
zbA ùdtqfsk slJst ˆhQ kf bhD -ˆv LfvBf jvst öi´ nkA bq.
hvQ sjht LfvBfhsw jf…sj bhD hst lfhD jvst ˆhQ stfsjv jfsY iawQnfv
stfsH iayfv jvst dbsuv dEjfbf ufrfâfsm hfdbsq sbWqf rsh. zfv kf rsh nhsysq
hV dmKAf jKf.
htf hfùtA, sp hAdÙÁ öi´spfso k]fsj k]fv zfnt zfjxdksk lwGb jvsh, kfv lwGb
nkA. dbÇyq sn snZHfoAhfb. ksh sn kfsk nfrfhDv mpGflf ifsh bf.
zbA ˆj rflDsn zfsY,
.(R3/ 1‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬1 „B': b:V: 5?‫و‬: 3 ƒ5 n5 : !ْ ‫ א‬R3 R3‫א‬: : : 5 @‫ م‬S:': !ْ ‫ א‬R3 R3 -: 74 8: )
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfsj ösi´ lwGb jvt, sn zfmfsj ufoak zh²¿fq lwGb jvsh. sjbbf,
wqkfb zfmfv v™i LfvB jvsk ifsv bf.« (hcJfvD 6993bQ)
ˆƒ rflDsnv dHdÙsk zsbj nCIDi§¿Dv LfvBf, k]fsj ösi´ slJf sost ivhkGDsk
ufoak zh²¿fq k]fsj slJf pfsh. dj§Â sn LfvBf ndEj bq. spsrkc nrDr mcndtsmv
hBGbfq zfsY,
.« /3 1‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬1 „B': b:V: 5? 3 ƒ5 n5 : !ْ ‫ א‬3 3 -: ': B5‚J5 !5 ‫و‬4 5 3 ƒ5 n5 : !ْ ‫ א‬3 3 ‫א‬: : : 5 @‫ م‬S:': !ْ ‫ א‬3 3 -: 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfsj ösi´ lwGb jvt, sn zfmfsj ufoak zh²¿fq lwGb jvsh zKhf sn
spb zfmfsj ufoak zh²¿fq lwGb jvt. sjbbf, wqkfb zfmfv v™i LfvB jvsk ifsv
bf.« (mcndtm 6057bQ)
zKGf{, k]fsj ösi´ slJf ufoakfh²¿fq slJfv mskfƒ hf²Àh slJf.
khcW nrDr hcJfvDv ns¦lrrDb hBGbfv zsbsj dbm´v™i hAfJAf jsvsYb }-
ªsn zfmfsj ufoak zh²¿fq lwGb jvsh«---ˆ jKf k]fv uDhÜwfq snƒ stfsjslv
hAfifsv htf rsqsY, pfvf „mfb ˆsbsY, dj§Â kJsbf k]fsj lwGb jsvdb. k]fsj zrDv
mfLAsm Jhv jvf rsqdYt sp, zfïfr pfsj ösi´v mfLAsm k]fv bhD -sj ialwGb jsvb,
sn zdysvƒ druvk jsv nvfndv k]fv lwGb tfH jvsh. ˆ dYt mrfb zfïfrv
i[ sKsj kfslv ubA zdoam ncnQhfl.
zKhf kfv snƒ ösi´v hf²Àhkf W nkAkf ufoakfh²¿fq slJsk ifsh.
zKhf ivjfst k]fsj slJsk ifsh. spsrkc ivjfst ˆmbW stfj Kfjsh, pfvf k]fv
243
lwGb ifsh bf.
zKhf ivjfst k]fv ³bjeA W wfIfzfk tfsH LbA rWqfv nfsK dhswNHfsh hf²Àh
lwGb tfH jvsh.
zsbj nCIDv lfhD ˆƒ sp, mrfbhD -sj ufoakfh²¿fq slJf pfq. dkdb ƒd§Àjft
jsvbdb, ilGf dbsqsYb. dhtfqfskv dhswN wdÙÁ äfvf kfvf nys[ k]fsj lwGb jsv Kfsj!
ˆmb lfhD dmKAf. kfv jfvB, zfmHfsh ˆ lcdbqf kAfo jsv ivstfjok mfbcNslv
ubA mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ ن‬S8— ‫( " א‬١٠٠) {:‫„ ن‬1: 4 V1 @‫م‬4 V: !5 @A £< ‫ز‬: 4 /: H@Xs3 ‫א‬: ‫و‬: 738‫و‬: }
ªkfslv nfmsb hfvpfJ (phdbjf) Kfjsh icbv¢Úfb dlhn ipG§À.« (mc'dmbCb } 100)
" n !‫( " א‬١٥٤) {:‫ون‬1 1 f4 I: >? 73J!5 ‫و‬: : O4 5 4 /: U < ‫א‬: 84 5 3*’!‫ @ א‬: R3 1 b:nْ V1 74 ': !3 ْ‫! א‬K nK I: 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pfvf zfïfrv isK mxkcAhvB jsv, kfslvsj `mxk' hstf bf, hvQ kfvf uDdhk;
dj§Â kf skfmvf …itdé jvsk ifv bf. (hfj¶fvfr } 154)
zfv JfnHfsh k]fv uDdhk sKsj `rfdpv-bfdpv' rsq öfLDbHfsh Ocsv shVfsbf hf
zfWdtqfslvsj lwGb lfsbv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. dhbf ltDst sjht lfhD äfvfƒ sjfb djYc
iamfB hf lJt jvf pfq bf.
ufoakfh²¿fq k]fsj slJf nýh rst djqfmk ipG§À nfrfhfv dntdntf ufvD Kfjsh.
zfv ˆ dhw¶fn sjfb mcndtm vfJsk ifsv bf. iv§Â ˆ jKfW iamfdBk bq sp, sjfb nfrfhD
zKhf zfrst hfqskv sj… ƒd§Àjfstv iv bhD -sj ufoakfh²¿fq nvfndv lwGb
jsvsYb. k]fslv zsbsj k]fsj ösi´ lwGb jsvsYb, dj§Â kfviv ufoakfh²¿fq k]fsj
lwGb jsvbdb. (û} Ifkùt hfvD 12/385)
nckvfQ sp hst, `zfdm (ufoakfh²¿fq) bhD zfjvfm -sj slJtfm----zfdm bhD
jvDm -ˆv nfsK jKf httfm---' ƒkAfdl, sn dmKcAj.
zbcv™i pfvf wvDqskv rftft-rfvfsmv hAfifsv sjfb ˆmb jKf lfhD jsv, pf
wvDqk-dhsvfLD zKhf wvDqk-hdrHCk G , kfslv öi´W nkA bq. ˆmb lfhDlfv dmKcAj, sp
lfhD jsv mrfbhD ösi´ kfsj zmcj dbslGw dlsqsYb. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr k]fv
uDhÜwfskƒ äDb idviCBG jsv dlsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
"&s ‫( " א‬٣) { SQV3‫ د‬:‫م‬5 4 @z‫ א‬1HJK !5 19 k3 : ‫و‬: R3b': 4 3 H4 JK 4 5 : 19'4 ': I4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK S:V3‫ د‬H4 JK !5 19ْ ': Pْ 5 :‫م‬4 : !ْ ‫}א‬
zKGf{, zfu skfmfslv ubA skfmfslv LmG (ƒntfm) iCBGfÌ jvtfm W skfmfslv iadk
zfmfv zbcora n©iCBG jvtfm ˆhQ ƒntfmsj skfmfslv LmG drnfsh msbfbDk jvtfm.
(mfdqlfr } 3)

k]fv dbu iadkiftjsj lwGb

mrfb zfïfrsj ivjfst slJf pfsh. ufâfkDvf k]fv syrfvf lwGb jvsk ifvsh.
vfnCtïc fr hstsYb, ªufâfkDvf pJb ufâfsk iashw j'sv pfsh, kJb mrfb
hjGkmq zfïfr htshb, `skfmvf dj yfW sp, zfdm skfmfslv ubA zfsvf djYc shdw
 244
dlƒ?' kfvf htsh, `kcdm dj zfmfslv mcJmàt …϶t jsv lfWdb? zfmfslvsj kcdm
ufâfsk iadhó jvdb ˆhQ ufrfâfm sKsj mcdÙÁ lfWdb?' zk}iv zfïfr (rEf{ oshGv)
ilGf ndvsq slshb (ˆhQ kfvf k]fv syrfvf lwGb tfH jvsh). nckvfQ ufâfskv té
pfhkDq ncJ-nfmoaDv msLA ufâfkDslv dbje kfslv iaHcv lwGb (lDlfv)ƒ rsh nhsysq
shwD diaq. (mcndtm 467bQ)
ufvDv ƒhsb zfècïfr hstb, ˆj vfsk zfmvf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY dYtfm.
rEf{ dkdb iCdBGmfv vfskv yf]slv dlsj kfdjsq htstb, ªswfb! dbÇyq skfmvf
skfmfslv iadkiftjsj skmdb ±ió slJsk ifsh, spmb ±ió ‰ y]flsj slJsk if¤Y.
kf]sj slJsk skfmvf sjfb dHsVv n©mcJDb rsh bf.« (hcJfvD 554, mcndtm 1466bQ)
ifdKGh uosk k]fv lwGb tfH n©Hh bq. spsrkc mrfbhD hstb, ªmvsBv iCshG
jJbƒ skfmvf skfmfslv iadkiftjsj slJsk ifsh bf.« (zfrmfl, zfhC lf†l, nrDùt
ufsm' 2459bQ)
mCnf k]fsj slJsk sysqdYstb, dj§Â dkdb nIt rbdb. mrfb zfïfr sn jKf
hstsYb,
!5 @A 4 ƒK ‫@ א‬7J3 !5 ‫و‬: R3 ‫א‬: I: 75! :‫ ل‬65 5h4 !5 @A 4 ƒK 5 R3 @ 5 M$: :‫ ل‬65 1*/2: 1*': > P5 ‫و‬: S:I3 n5 '3 !3 : 81 L
: 'B !5 ‫و‬: }
:‫ ق‬5 5 'B 5 5 nً 3 ,
: : 8 B;
: ‫و‬: P« :‫ د‬1*5 : L
: @ :~
: ْ !3 1*/2: >~
: I: 'B 5 5 R3‫א‬: I: : 4 : 5 1*: J5 8: B n5 b:4 ‫‘@ن@ א‬5 @ :~
: !ْ ‫א‬
‫( " א א‬١٤٣) {: S383 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ول‬B 5 ْ :5 ‫و‬: 5h4 !5 @A 194I1 5h: +
: 4 1 :‫ ل‬65
zKGf{, mCnf pJb zfmfv dbLGfdvk ²¿fsb …id²¿k rt ˆhQ kfv iadkiftj kfv nsÌ
jKf htstb, kJb sn htt, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfsj lwGb lfW, zfdm skfmfsj
slJh.' dkdb htstb, `kcdm zfmfsj jJbƒ slJsh bf. kcdm hvQ ifrfsVv iadk t[A
jv, pdl kf ö²¿fsb d²¿v Kfsj, kfrst kcdm zfmfsj slJsh.' nckvfQ pJb kfv
iadkiftj ifrfsV suAfdk®mfb rstb, kJb kf ifrfVsj yCBG-dhyCBG jvt zfv mCnf
nQÎfrDb rsq isV sot. zk}iv pJb sn Îfb dIsv sit, kJb htt, `mdrmmq kcdm!
zfdm zbckå rsq skfmfskƒ iakAfhkGb jvtfm ˆhQ dhÇhfnDslv msLA zfdmƒ iaKm.'
(zf'vfI } 143)
ksh nhGswN bhD ösi´ mrfb zfïfrsj lwGb jsvsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
.("N : 4 ,
1 @7: O
4 5 R4 3 R4 /M: 19V4 5 : )
zKGf{, zfdm zfmfv iadkiftjsj nhsysq nc¦lv zfjxdksk lwGb jsvdY. (zfrmfl,
dkvdmpD, nrDùt ufsm' 59bQ)
dj§Â dkdb dj ufoakfh²¿fq yf[cN-lwGb tfH jsvsYb, dkdb dj dm'vfsuv vfsÛ k]fsj
slsJsYb? ˆ hAfifsv mksHl vsqsY.
zsbsj hstb, `dkdb r™lq dlsq zfïfrsj lwGb jsvsYb.'
zbA zsbsj hstb, `dkdb nys[ zfïfrsj lwGb jsvsYb.'
k]fslv ˆjde lfhD, `ƒmfm zfrmfl ƒhb rfìt (v) hBGbf jsvsYb } ---(zfvhD
ƒhfvk) zfècïfr ƒhb zfêfn (vf) hstsYb, zfmvf hbc rfdwsmv hQwLv. zfmvf
(njstƒ) htdY sp, mcrf©ml dm'vfsuv vfsÛ k]fv m²Àjd²¿k y[c äfvf k]fv
245
iadkiftsjv lDlfv tfH jsvdYstb, kf ösi´W dYt bf ˆhQ dlstW dYt bf. ˆ rflDn
hBGbf jsvb ƒmfm zfrmfl ƒhb rfìt (v) k]fv mcnbfsl. zk}iv dkdb hstsYb }
ƒhsb zfêfn (vf) pf hstsYb, zfdmW kfƒ hdt. dkdb zfïfrv lDlfv tfH jsvsYb
dbu y[csk; dkdb zfïfrv lDlfv tfH jsvsYb dbu y[csk; dkdb zfïfrv lDlfv tfH
jsvsYb dbu y[csk. (bcprfkct mfufdtn)'
…{ncj ifEj dbÇyq ufbsk yfƒshb, ˆƒ swaBDv jKf ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìt
(v})ˆv mcnbfsl zfsY dj bf? bf, sbƒ. Ucef rfWqftf.
zfv bcprfkct mfufdtn djkfh (2/374)ˆ zfsY dbm´v™i }-
H \ S/ 7Ç 8 ‫ س‬7/‫ ل א‬n d P 7/ R/ ‫ س و‬7/‫ א‬Š'bL‫ ¦´ | " א م א‬n!‫ ل א‬6
&'È V– !‫وא‬ ‫ م‬J!‫ وא‬H \‫ א‬/z Ã‫ ~ ن ن א‬I ‫ ل‬6 H‰ ، I 8 */ x ‫ ل ن `'&א‬nS
.‫ ل‬±‫* א‬b/‫ و‬L bO "• JI d P 7/ R/ ¡J ‫ (؟‬H ‫* و‬ %‫ א‬, )
bO *S / •- *S / •- ‫س‬ 7/‫ !* א‬6 É ‫ ل‬6 SO 7/ &'` 7/ & ‫ م‬8z‫ ل א‬6‫و‬
.& ‫ م‬8z‫• א‬Y ŠŒn ‫א‬
ªj¶vc kchD nCvf zfbzfsm (kInDv 7/56, 17/92ˆ) hstsYb, ˆjlf ƒhsb zfêfn W
…hfƒ dhb jf'h ˆjdÛk rst ƒhsb zfêfn htstb, `zfmvf hfbC rfswm, zfmvf hdt
mcrf©mfl k]fv iadkiftjsj 2 hfv lwGb jsvsYb.' zk}iv dkdb htstb, `skfmvf dj
zhfj rW sp, JftDtk¶ ƒhafrDsmv, (nvfndv) jsKfijKb mCnfv ˆhQ lwGb mcrf©mfl
-ˆv ³hdwóA?' ˆ jKf ðsb …hfƒ dhb jf'h ˆmb kjhDv dlstb sp, (zfvfIfskv)
ifrfsV kf iadkL¶dbk rt.
zfv ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb mcrf©mfl dhb rfìt hstsYb, `ƒhsb zfêfn pf hstsYb,
zfdmW kfƒ hdt. dkdb k]fsj öys[ lwGb jsvsYb. dkdb k]fsj öys[ lwGb jsvsYb.'
ˆ jKf htsk htsk ƒmfm zfrmfslv w¶fn Icdvsq sot.«
ˆƒ swsNv hfjAde ixKjHfsh bcprfkct mfufdtsn zfsY, spmb zfsY kfInDv rfÄD
(14/307)sk. zKy kfst soft tfdosq htf rsqsY, `ˆ rflDn hBGbf jsvb ƒmfm
zfrmfl ƒhb rfìt (v) k]fv mcnbfsl. zk}iv dkdb hstsYb } ƒhsb zfêfn (vf) pf
hstsYb, zfdmW kfƒ hdt. dkdb zfïfrv lDlfv tfH jsvsYb dbu y[csk; dkdb
zfïfrv lDlfv tfH jsvsYb dbu y[csk; dkdb zfïfrv lDlfv tfH jsvsYb dbu
y[csk.'
ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìt (v) ˆ rflDn hBGbf jsvbdb. Wef Hct rfWqftf. spmb
`ƒhsb zfêfn (vf) pf hstsYb, zfdmW kfƒ hdt.'---ˆ jKfW k]fv mcnbfsl sbƒ. k]fv
…dÙÁ hst iamfdBkW bq.
i[f§Àsv mcnbfsl zfrmfsl zfsY, ƒhsb zfêfn hstsYb, vfnCtcïfr hstsYb,
.( !5 : I:‫و‬: 5g: :I: RM/: 19V4 5 : )
zKGf{, zfdm zfmfv vê kfhfvfjf zkfzftfsj slsJdY. (zfrmfl 2581, 2634bQ)
dj§Â mfvIC-nCsÛ ˆ rflDn nrDr bq. mfWjCI-nCsÛ nrDr. spmb mc²fÀ lvfj-ˆ-
 246
rfsjsmv rfWqftfq `zfdm zfmfv iadkiftj nhGwdÙÁmfb W nhG ovDqfb zfïfrsj ymG
y[csk lwGb jsvdY' hst sjfb rflDn sbƒ. ˆ rfWqftfW Hct.
iv§Â mcnbfslƒ zfsY,
.@74I:B 8: 3*3ْn5 /3 B L
: ‫و‬: TB : 1*/B: &< 'B +
: 81 x5: :‫ ل‬65 {x5 : 8: 1‫אد‬:—YK !ْ‫ א‬:$:WP5 8: } B L
: ‫و‬: TB : 3*!34 65 R3 ‫س‬
ٍ B: @7/4‫@ א‬7:
zKGf{, `pf sn slsJsY, kfv r™lq kf zöDjfv jsvdb.' (bfuXm } 11) mrfb zfïfr
zfpXpf zufïfv ---ˆƒ hfBDv hAfJAfq ƒhsb zfêfn hstsYb, `mcrf©mfl k]fv vê zfpXpf
zufïsj dbu z§Àv äfvf lcƒhfv lwGb jsvsYb. (zfrmfl 1956, mcndtm 455, dkvdmpD 3281bQ)
zfhC …mfv hstb, ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìt hstsYb, `dkdb k]fsj r™lq äfvf lwGb
jsvsYb.' zfv lcdbqfsk k]fsj y[c äfvf lwGb jvfv jKf htsk nfrn jsvbdb. (kInDv
j¶vc k¶hc D 7/56)
nckvfQ sJfl ƒhsb zfêfn W ƒmfm zfrmfl dhb rfìstv mkfmskƒ ³äLkf vsqsY.
i[f§Àsv mf zfsqwfv mk rt, mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrsj dm'vfsuv vfsÛ lwGb
jsvbdb.
zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nhsysq diaq W dbjsev mfbcN mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)
hstb, `sp hAdÙÁ dkbsev msLA ˆjde jKf hst, sn zfïfrv iadk dhvfe dmKAf zfsvfi
jsv }-
(1) sp hAdÙÁ LfvBf jsv sp, mcrf©mfl k]fv iadkiftj (zfïfr)sj slsJsYb, sn
zfïfrv iadk dhvfe dmKAf zfsvfi jsv. spsrkc zfïfr hstb,
‫( " א م‬١٠٣) {• 1 3ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1} Œ3 > !‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: : #
: /45 ‫ א‬Kg@ &4 V1 : \1 ‫و‬: 1 # : /4 5 ‫ א‬1*PK @ &4 I1 >?}
ªlxdónmCr k]fsj zfqk¶ jvsk ifsv bf, dj§Â lxdónmCr k]fv zfqsk¶ zfsY ˆhQ dkdbƒ
nC[¹lwDG; nmAj idvÎfk.« (zfbzfm } 103)
f: V: 8: 3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @‘/3 :RO
3 1 5 !ً 1 : : 3 4 V1 ‫و‬4 5 N$ ~
:O 3 ‫א‬: ‫و‬: 738 ‫و‬4 5 Q O 4 ‫و‬: !> @A 1*> !‫ א‬1*': q J5 V1 ‫ن‬5 ٍ f: :!3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
x f!‫( " א‬٥١) {H< J3 O
: ÀR3: 1*B@A
ªsjfb mfbcsNv is[ nýh bq sp, zfïfr kfv nsÌ nvfndv jKf htshb WrDv
(iakAfslw) mfLAm hAdksvsj, z§Àvft hAdksvsj zKhf sjfb lCk siavB hAdksvsj;
zfv kJb zfïfr pf yfb kf k]fv zbcmdkÛÁsm zrD (iakAfslw) jsvb; db}ns¦lsr dkdb
nmcâk, iaÎfmq.« (wCvf } 51)
hBGbfjfvD mfnv™j hstb, zfdm srtfb dlsq hsn dYtfm. ˆ jKf ðsb snfuf rsq hsn
httfm, `sr …©mct mc'dmbDb! ˆjec Kfmcb, zfmfv hAfifsv kfVfkfdV jvshb bf.
zfïfr kfzftf dj hstbdb sp,
H~S!‫( " א‬١٣) {x: ;4 K ً !5 T4 : 1•-: &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
ªdbÇyqƒ sn kfsj zfsvjhfv slsJdYt.« (bfuXm } 13) ªzhwAƒ sn kfsj ±ió
dlos§À lwGb jsvsY.« (kfjHDv } 23)
mf zfsqwf htstb, `zfïfrv jnm! zfdm ˆ hAfifsv zfïfrv vnCt -sj duÎfnf
jsvdY. dkdb hstsYb,
247
3 ': B !‫ א‬:783 Œً 3 X: S4 81 1*b1V4 5 : @74 I:B ': !ْ ‫@ א‬74 I: \: : 4 ©5 X: 4 5 : :Z3;
1 b3!> ‫ א‬3*I3 : ,
1 5 : 1•: 5 H4 !5 1 V@ 4 L
3 : \1 ': B@A »
.«@‫ض‬4 5 ‫! א‬5 @A 3 ': B !‫ א‬:74 /: 8: 3*n3 ْ ; : 1Hƒ5 3 ‫ ̈دא‬:
ªdkdb rstb duhaDt. k]fsj ‰ lcƒhfv YfVf zbA hfsv k]fv nxdóok zfnt v™si lwGb
jdvdb. pJb dkdb zfnmfsb zhkvBvk dYstb, k]fv dhvfe nxdó-zfjxdk zfjfw-
ixdKhDv mLAhkGD ²¿fbsj dOsv svsJdYt!«
(2) sp hAdÙÁ LfvBf jsv sp, mcrf©mfl zfïfrv zhkDBG djYc zrD sofib jsvsYb, sn
zfïfrv iadk dhvfe dmKAf zfsvfi jsv. zKy zfïfr hstb, ªsr vnCt! skfmfv
iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY kf iayfv jv, (pdl kf bf
jv, kfrst skf kcdm kf]v hfkGf iayfv jvst bf.)« (nCvf mfƒlfr 67 zfqfk)
(3) sp hAdÙÁ LfvBf jsv sp, mcrf©mfl HdhNAskv Jhv ufsbb, sn zfïfrv iadk dhvfe
dmKAf zfsvfi jsv. zKy zfïfr hstb, ªht, zfïfr hAkDk zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk
sj…ƒ zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb vfsJ bf.« (bfmXt } 65) (mcndtm 457bQ, dkvdmpD iamcJ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)ˆv rflDnsj nmKGb jsv zfhC pfvG -ˆv rflDn.
dkdb hstb, zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj duÎfnf jvtfm, `zfidb dj zfibfv vêsj
slsJsYb?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb,
.« ‫א‬Q 1 19V4 5 : » ‫ و‬.« 1•‫א‬: 5 B5 < 1 »
ªbCv, jDHfsh k]fsj slJh?« zKhf ªzfdm bCv slsJdY.« (zfrmfl 21313, mcndtm 461bQ)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(3*n3 ْ ;
: 74 83 1•1 #
: /: 3*4 !5 @A X: b:4 ‫ א‬8: 3*X@ L
4 ‫و‬: 1U + : 11 9 4 65 : O
4 5 1*Y5 f: P5 4 !5 1 S2!‫ א‬1*/1 ~
:O3)
zKGf{, k]fv ilGf (z§Àvft) rt bCv (suAfdk). sp ilGf …s¦mfdyk rst k]fv zfbb-
lDdå nmoa nxdójctsj lÊDHCk j'sv sItsh. (mcndtm 463bQ)
i[f§Àsv dkvdmpDv hBGbfq zfsY, ƒhsb zfêfn hstsYb, `mcrf©mfl k]fv
iadkiftsj slsJsYb.' ˆ jKf ðsb ƒjvfmf (zhfj rsq) hstb, `(ˆef jDHfsh
nýh?) zfïfr dj hstbdb sp,
‫( " א م‬١٠٣) {: # : /4 5 ‫ א‬Kg@ &4 V1 : \1 ‫و‬: 1 #
: /4 5 ‫ א‬1*PK @ &4 I1 >?}
ªlxdónmCr k]fsj zfqk¶ jvsk ifsv bf, dj§Â lxdónmCr k]fv zfqsk¶ zfsY.« (zfbzfm } 103)
ƒhsb zfêfn htstb, `skfmfv dhbfw srfj! ˆef skf kJb, pJb dkdb dbsuv
snƒ bCsv zfdhHGCk rshb, pf k]fv nÙfv bCv. k]fsj lcƒhfv lwGb slWqf rsqsY.'
(dkvdmpD 3279bQ)
dj§Â ˆ hBGbf nrDr bq, hvQ pqDI. (dptftct ufâfr 437bQ)
±ió hcUf sot sp, ƒhsb zfêfsnv iamfB rflDn-dHdÙj bq, hvQ zfsqwfv iamfBƒ
rflDn-dHdÙj. zfsqwf ltDt siw jsv Jàb jsvsYb. dkdb vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfsY
ðsbsYbW. spmb ðsbsYb zfhc pfvG . jfsuƒ zfsqwfv mkƒ zdLjkv iaht.
sJftfnf ˆƒ sp, nrDr nbsl vfnCt jkGj x ˆ jKf hdBGk rqdb sp, dkdb dbu ymG-
y[c äfvf ufoakfh²¿fq mrfb zfïfrsj slsJsYb. hvQ ˆv dhivDk jKfƒ nrDr nCsÛ
 248
hdBGk rsqsY. nckvfQ ndEj dhw¶fn rt, dkdb öi´ W dbu z§Àv äfvf k]fv lwGbtfsH LbA
rsqsYb. zfv snefW jm djYc bq.

k]fv wfIfzfk hf ncifdvw

djqfmskv dlb, sn HDNB Hqfbj dlb! sndlb dhyfsvv dlb.
ŒY z‫( " א‬١٩) {3*> !3 NW^3 8: 4 V: 1 84 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫^ و‬Q4 : • ٍ Yْ S:!q •< Yْ : Kh3'4 I: !5 :‫م‬4 V: }
ªsndlb sj…ƒ jfsvfv ubA djYc jvhfv nfmKGA vfJsh bf; zfv sndlb nm²À jkGk x ¶
rsh (ˆjmfÛ) zfïfrv.« (ƒbdIk¶fv } 19)
ˆƒ ubA mrfb iadkiftj mc'dmboBsj nkjG jsv hstsYb,
› : Y5 : 5?‫و‬: › > ;
1 5?‫و‬: 3* 3 Š< 4 /: >? ‫ <م‬4 V: :RI3 ْ‚V: ‫ن‬5 @ 4 65 7M8 HKP S:6ْ ‫ز‬: : 'B 83 ْ‫ א‬nK Y3 5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
" n !‫( " א‬٢٥٤) {:‫' ن‬1 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬1H\1 :‫ون‬1 3 J5 !ْ ‫א‬:‫و‬
zKGf{, sr dhw¶fdnoB! zfdm skfmfslvsj sp v¢pD lfb jsvdY, kf sKsj skfmvf lfb
jv, snƒ (swN dhyfsvv) dlb zfnfv iCshG, spdlb sjfb iajfv ÛÁq-dhÛÁq, háck¶ ˆhQ
ncifdvw Kfjsh bf. zfv zdhÇhfnDvfƒ nDmftQObjfvD. (hfj¶fvfr } 254)
dkdb k]fv bhD -sj zfslw jsv hstsYb,
8T!‫( " א‬٤٤) {:‫ ن‬1 L : 4 I1 3*4 !5 @A BH‰1 @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 1*!> Q '3 L
: K : Y5 fB !‫ א‬3*> !q 6K }
zKGf{, ht, `njt ncifdvw zfïfrvƒ ˆJdkqfvHcÙÁ, zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv
nfhGsHZmk¶ zfïfrvƒ, zk}iv k]fvƒ dbje skfmvf iakAfbDk rsh.' (pcmfv } 44)
{:‫ ن‬nK bBV: H4 X1 > : !> Š< Y3 : 5?‫و‬: ÀR!3‫و‬: 3*3 ‫و‬1‫ د‬7M8 H1X!5 :•4 !5 H4 X@ /M: !5 @A ْ‫وא‬1 f: + 4 V1 ‫ن‬5 :‫ ن‬K ž : V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬3*/3 4 3W 5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm kfslvsj ˆ (jcvzfb) äfvf nkjG jv, pfvf Hq jsv sp, kfslv iadkiftsjv
dbje kfslvsj ˆmb zh²¿fq nmshk jvf rsh sp, dkdb hAkDk kfslv sjfb zdHHfhj hf
ncifdvwjfvD Kfjsh bf; rqskf kfvf nfhLfb rsh. (‚bX‚m } 51)
dj§Â snƒ Hqfbj dlhn djqfmk sjfseGv dhyfvj zfïfr kfzftf
yfƒst, k]fv zbcmdkÛÁsm jfsvf ncifdvw ytsh. dj§Â sj jvsh, jfv
ubA ncifdvw jvfv zbcmdk rsh kfv yfvde ÎfkhA wkG vsqsY }-
1. ncifdvwjfvDv ncifdvw jvfv [mkf }
zkÛh pfv [mkf sbƒ, sp dbsuvƒ jxkjmG dbsq HDk-n§Ã²À W dyd§Àk, kfv jD rsh-
--kfƒ dbsq sp hA²À, sn sjfbdlb ncifdvw jvsk ifvsh bf. kzkˆh hfdkt mf'hcslv
dhÇhfnDvf, pfvf zfïfr hAkDk sjfb mfde-ifKsvv jfsY ncifdvswv zfwf vfsJ, kfslv
LfvBf W zfwf ëf§À. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
(٨٦) {:‫' ن‬1 5 4 V: H4 \1 ‫و‬: MZ+
: !ْ /3 :&X@ : 7:8 !> @A 5 : Y5 fB !‫ א‬3*3 ‫و‬1‫ د‬783 :‫ ن‬1 &4 V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬Kh3'4 V: 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfïfrv idvhskG Wvf pfslvsj Ffsj, ncifdvswv zdLjfv kfslv sbƒ. ksh pfvf
nkA …itdé j'sv Wv (nskAv) nf[A slq, kfslv jKf ök§Ã. (pcJv¢I } 86)
HV 8 " (٨٧) {‫א‬Q&X4 : @7': O 4 B !‫ א‬:&S3 :Wž
: IB‫@ א‬78: !> @A 5 : Y5 fB !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬JK 3'4 V: !5 }
249
zKGf{, sp ivm lqfmsqv dbje iadkwa¢dk oarB jsvsY, sn YfVf zbA jfsvf ncifdvw
jvhfv [mkf Kfjsh bf. (mfvqAfm } 87)
2. pfv ubA ncifdvw jvf rsh, sn spb kfWrDlhflD mcndtm rq }
zKGf{ sjfb mcwdvj hf jfsIsvv ubA sjfb ncifdvw rsh bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
‰& ‫( " א‬٤٨) {: 3 3 fB !‫ א‬K : Y5 : H4 X1 1 Y5 S:I ': 5 }
zKGf{, Ist ncifdvwjfvDslv ncifdvw kfslv sjfb jfsu zfnsh bf. (mcÜfNXdNv } 48)
(٩٦) :‫' ن‬1 #
3 b:ž
4 V: X: 3 H4 \1 ‫و‬: ‫! א‬K 65 (٩٥) :‫ ن‬1 ': L
4 5 :• 3/4 @A 1‫ د‬S1L
1 ‫و‬: (٩٤) :‫ون‬1‫“ و‬: !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 \1 X: 3 ‫ א‬1J3 4 JK 5 }
': 5 (٩٩) :‫ ن‬81 @ ~
4 '1 !ْ ‫@?> א‬A S:> k
: 5 8: ‫و‬: (٩٨) : '3 !5 : !ْ ‫ א‬M$: /3 H4 JK VM : 1 ‫ذ‬4 @A (٩٧) ٍ 381 ‫ ٍل‬k
: R3Y!5 SBPK ‫ن‬4 @A 3% I:
‫ א‬f!‫( א‬١٠٢) {: S383 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬74 83 :‫ ن‬JK S:5 "ً B P5 S:!5 B‫ن‬5 4 5 5 (١٠١) Hٍ '3 O
: Zٍ V3&,
: ?:‫( و‬١٠٠) : 3 3 : 74 83 S:!5
zKGf{, zk}iv Wslv ˆhQ iKëóslv zsLfmcJD jsv ufrfâfsm dbs[i jvf rsh
ˆhQ ƒhtDsnv hfdrbDv njtsjW. Wvf snJfsb dhksjG dtå rsq htsh, `zfïfrv wiK!
zfmvf skf ±ió dhëfd§Àskƒ dYtfm, pJb zfmvf skfmfslvsj dhÇhuoskv
iadkiftsjv nmj[ oBA jvkfm. zfmfslvsj lc°jk x jfvDvfƒ dhëf§À jsvdYt.
idvBfsm zfmfslv sjfb ncifdvwjfvD sbƒ ˆhQ sjfb nr™lq hácW sbƒ! rfq! pdl
zfmfslv ˆjhfv iakAfhkGsbv ncspfo Oek, kfrst zfmvf dhÇhfnD rsq spkfm!'
(ðzf'vf } 94-102)
{1‫ ع‬Œ5 V1 Šٍ Y3 : 5?‫و‬: Hٍ '3 O: 74 83 : '3 !3 ƒ> !3 8: : '3 l3 P5 @ L 3 S:+: !ْ ‫ א‬x:&!5 1$ K nK !ْ ‫ א‬3‫@ذ‬A 3 5 ‫ @ز‬v!ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: H4 \1 4 3W 5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, Wslvsj zfnâ dlb n©isjG nkjG jsv lfW, pJb lc}sJ-jsó Wslv r™lq
jØfok rsh. nDmftQObjfvDslv ubA z§ÀvÌ sjfb hác sbƒ ˆhQ ˆmb sjfb
ncifdvwjfvDW sbƒ, pfv ncifdvw oafrA jvf rsh. (mc'dmb } 18)
ˆjlf mrfbhD -sj duÎfnf jvf rt, `zfibfv wfIfzfk-tfsHv nhsysq hV
snZHfoAhfb hAdÙÁ sj?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb,
.((3*3 Yْ : ‫و‬4 5 3*3 ْ 65 74 83 #
Q !3 ;
: 1*> !‫@ >! א‬A :*!5 @A !5 :‫ ل‬65 74 8: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: R3b: Y5 f: /3 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬1&: 4 5 ))
zKGf{, djqfmskv dlb zfmfv wfIfzfk-tfsHv nhsysq hV snZHfoAhfb hAdÙÁ snƒ
rsh, sp dbu z§Àv hf mb sKsj dhðÝHfsh `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' hstsY. (hcJfvD 99bQ)
zKGf{, pKfKGHfsh jfstmf ifE jsvsY. kfv ndEj zKG susbsY. kfv zsKG idviCBG
ˆjDb W iakAq svsJsY. dhðÝdysÙ (ƒJtfsnv nfsK) kf ifE jsvsY. kfv zKG-dhw¶fsn
nkAdbôf W zjiekf hufq svsJsY. kfv dbslGswv iadk siam W HdÙÁ svsJsY. kfv
dbslGw, lfhD W zdLjfsvv zbchkGD rsqsY. iakAfJAfbrDbHfsh nflsv oarB jsvsY.
zKGf{, sn dwjGmÙ c Á rsq kfWrDlhflD mcndtm sKsj pKfnfLA zfmt jsvsY.
3. pfv ubA ncifdvw jvf rsh, kfv iadk zfïfrv n§Âdó }
zkˆh dkdb pfv ubA ncifdvw oarB jvsk vfdu W n©mk rshb kfv ubA rsh.
dkdb hstsYb,
{:‫ ن‬nK Y3 f4 81 3*b3 : f4 ;
: 74 8M H1\‫و‬: : I:4 ‫@ א‬7': !3 !> @A :‫ ن‬1 Y5 f4 V: ?5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 Y5 ْ ;
: 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ V3&V4 5 :74 /: 8: 1H5 4 V: }
 250
zKGf{, kfslv n©mcsJ W iÇyfsk pf djYc zfsY kf dkdb zhok. kfvf ncifdvw jsv
sjht kfslv ubA, pfslv iadk dkdb n§Âó ˆhQ kfvf k]fv Hsq HDk-n§Ã²À. (‚dìqf } 28)
{ k
: 4 V: ‫و‬: f: V: 7:'!3 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ن‬:‫‚ْذ‬V: ‫ن‬5 3&4 /: 738 !>@A ^Q4 : H4 X1 b1: Y5 : R3S“4 I1 5? 3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬R3 Nh5 8B 7M8 H5P‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfjfwmàtDsk jk dIdvñf vsqsY, kfslv sjfb ncifdvw ItianC rsh bf,
pk[B zfïfr pfsj ƒ¤Yf ˆhQ pfv iadk n§Âó kfsj zbcmdk bf slb. (bfuXm } 26)
4. ncifdvwjfvDv ubA zfïfrv zbcmdk }
dkdb pfsj zbcmdk slshb, sjht snƒ hAdÙÁƒ ncifdvw jvsk ifvsh. dkdb hstb,
" n !‫( " א‬٢٥٥) {3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @‘/3 >?@A 1•:&S4 3 1ŠY5 f4 V: c3W!> ‫א א‬:‫ ذ‬7:8}
zKGf{, sj zfsY sp k]fv zbcmdk YfVf k]fv jfsY ncifdvw jvsh? (hfj¶fvfr } 255)
‚ " (٢٣) {1*!5 :‫ن‬3‫ذ‬5 74 ': !3 !> @A 1•:&S3 K : Y5 fB !‫ א‬1ŠY5 S:I !5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pfsj zbcmdk slWqf rsh, sn hAkDk zfïfrv dbje jfvW ncifdvw ItianC
rsh bf. (nfhf' } 23)
*-¦ " (١٠٩) { !ً 4 65 1*!5 :Rk 3 : ‫و‬: 17': O4 B !‫ א‬1*!5 :‫ن‬3‫ذ‬5 74 8: !> @A K : Y5 fB !‫ א‬1ŠY5 S:I !> NW^3 8: 4 V:}
zKGf{, ivm lqfmq pfsj zbcmdk slshb W pfv jKfq n§Âó rshb, sn hAkDk jfsvf
ncifdvw sndlb sjfb jfsu zfnsh bf. (k¶f-rf } 109)
8: : 84 5 ‫ א‬1 /M:&V1 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬5 : x: b:4 ‫ א‬BH‰1 ‫ ٍم‬VB 5 3 bB3 R3 :‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬:Z5 ; : c3W!> ‫ א‬1*’ !‫ א‬1HJK /B: B‫@ن‬A}
• V (٣) {:‫ون‬1 P> :WI: 5 5 5 1•‫و‬1&14 5 H4 JK /2: 1*’ !‫ א‬1HJK !3:‫ ذ‬3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @A 3&4 /: 738 >?@A Šٍ Y3 : 738
zKGf{, dbÇyq skfmfslv iadkiftj zfïfr, dpdb zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsj Yq dlsb
nxdó jsvb, zk}iv dkdb zfvsw nmfnDb rb, dkdb iaskAj jfu idvyftbf j'sv
Kfsjb. kf]v zbcmdk YfVf ncifdvwjfvD sj… sbƒ. ‰ (naóf W idvyftj) zfïfr,
skfmfslv iadkiftj. zkˆh skfmvf kf]v ƒhflk jv. skfmvf dj …islw oarB jvsh
bf? (ƒ…bcn } 3)
zfmfslv mrfbhD mrfb iadkiftsjv JftDt ˆhQ …©mskv iadk lqftc bhD. dkdb
dbÇyq k]fv lvhfsv ncifdvw jvfv spfoAkf vfsJb. dkdb hstsYb, k]fsj ncifdvw jvfv
[mkf slWqf rsqsY. dkdb hstsYb,
ً : Y5 : I3 : 4 :‫ د‬: ;
M –: K ‫ن‬4 5 1*> !‫ א‬: : ‫ن‬4 A@ 1&V@ K M@A‫و‬: 1*!5 :d ~
3 b14 5 3*b3 8B K 3 X: /3 : :‫"› د‬: 4 :‫ د‬¤ 3 : M JK !3 »
.« 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: b3 8B K
ªiaskAj bhDv (jhctjxk) lczf dYt, dkdb …©mskv mfsU sn lczf jsvsYb ˆhQ
k]fv ubA kf jhct jvf rsqsY. zfv zfdm ƒb wfzfïfr zfmfv lczfsj djqfmsk
zfmfv …©mskv ncifdvswv ubA dhtdìk jvh.« (hcJfvD 6305, mcndtm 514bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: b3 8B K ً : Y5 : I3 : 4 :‫ د‬1Uْ‚:b:;
4 ‫ א‬M@A‫و‬: 1*I:: 4 :‫ د‬¤ 3 : 2 PK : ~
B : b:5 › /: ~
: b:4 81 ›": 4 :‫ د‬¤ 3 : M JK !3 »
.« ^Q4 : 3*> ! /3 Kg@ f4 V1 5? b3 8B K 74 83 :U 8: 74 8: 1*> !‫ א‬: : ‫ن‬4 @A › 5 s3 : : X@ 5
251
ªiaskAj bhDv ubA jhctspfoA lczf vsqsY. iaskAj bhD k]fv lczfsj k¶vfd¦hk
jsvsYb. zfv zfdm zfmfv lczfsj djqfmsk zfmfv …©mskv ncifdvswv ubA sofib
svsJdY. ƒb wfzfïfr kf iafå rsh zfmfv …©mskv iaskAj snƒ hAdÙÁ, sp zfïfrv
nfsK sjfb djYcsj wvDj jvsh bf.« (mcndtm 512bQ, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfufr)
dj§Â snƒ nfsK 4bQ wkGdeW iCvB rsk rsh. mrfb zfïfrv zbcmdk YfVf dkdb
dbsuv ƒ¤Yfq jfsvf ubA sjfbW ncifdvw jvsk ifvshb bf. mrfb zfïfr k]fsj
hstsYb,
7±‫( " א‬٢١) {‫א‬Q&: : 5?‫و‬: ‫ ¨א‬k : H4 JK !5 Kh384 5 5? RM@A 4 6K }
zKGf{, ht, `zfdm skfmfslv zijfv zKhf …ijfv djYcvƒ mfdtj bƒ.' (du¶b } 21)
kfƒ skf mrfbhD k]fv zfk¹Dq W hQswv stfjsj nsìfLb jsv hst sosYb, ªsr
jcvfƒwlt! skfmvf zfïfrv dbje dbsuslvsj h]fdysq bfW, zfdm skfmfslv hAfifsv
zfïfrv dbje sjfb …ijfv jvsk ifvh bf. sr hfbD zfèct mcÙfdth! zfdm zfïfrv
lvhfsv skfmfslv sjfb …ijfv jvsk ifvh bf. sr (yfyf) zfêfn dhb zfèct mcÙfdth!
zfdm zfïfrv lvhfsv zfibfv sjfb jfsu zfnh bf. sr zfïfrv vnCstv IcIc nfdIqAfr!
zfdm zfibfv ubA zfïfrv lvhfsv sjfb …ijfsv zfnh bf. sr zfïfrv vnCstv sheD
Ifskmf! zfmfv jfsY sp Lb-n©il yfƒsh sysq bfW, zfdm zfïfrv jfsY skfmfv sjfb
…ijfv jvsk ifvh bf.« (hcJfvD 2753, mcndtm 525bQ)
tftbjfvD yfyf zfhC kfstshv mxkcAv nmq zfïfrv vnCt k]fv jfsY …id²¿k rsq
htstb, ªyfyf! zfidb `tf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfr' (zfïfr hAkDk sj… nkA …ifnA sbƒ) htcb,
zfdm djqfmsk kf ltDtöv™i zfïfrv nfmsb siw jsv k]fv zfpfh sKsj v[f jvfv
ncifdvw jvh.« dj§Â ifswG¶ƒ zfècïfr dhb zfdh …mfƒqf W zfhC ufrt hsndYt, kfvf
k]fsj ö-LmG kAfo jvsk hfLf dlst zfhC kfsth jfstmf iVsk zöDjfv jvstb. mrfbhD
htstb,
.(5hS4: :*4K H4 !5 8: 5h!5 B‫ن‬: Y3 “4 b:4 5‚!5 3*>!‫א‬:‫ و‬8: 5 )
ªzfïfrv jnm! pk[B bf zfmfsj zfibfv hAfifsv dbsNL jvf rsqsY, kk[B zfdm
zfibfv ubA zfïfrv dbje `ƒd²ÀoIfv' ([mf iafKGbf) jvsk Kfjh.«
dj§Â zfïfrv kvI sKsj …Ùv ˆt,
H4 X1 !5 :7B :I: 8: 3&4 /: 738 /:4 6K R3!‫و‬4 K ْ‫ א‬1 P5 4 !5 ‫و‬: : P3 @ f4 '1 ْ !3 ْ‫وא‬1 Y3 “4 b:4 V: ‫ن‬5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬MR3 SB !3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: }
/ b!‫( " א‬١١٣) {@H +
3~: !ْ ‫ א‬1$ +
:,4 5 H4 X1 B5
ªbhD ˆhQ mcdmbslv ubA nÌk bq sp, kfvf mcwdvjslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsv,
pdlW hf kfvf zfk¹Dq-öub rq; pJb ˆ nc±ió rsq sosY sp, Wvf slfpJhfnD.«
(kfWhfr } 113)
zfhC kfstshv hAfifsv zfsvf zhkDBG rt,
(٥٦) {:7V3&b:X4 '1 !ْ /3 1H5 4 5 : \1 ‫و‬: f: V: 7:8 c3&X4 V: :*> !‫ א‬B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: :94 :O
4 5 74 8: c3&X4 I: !5 5hB@A}
ª(sr bhD!) kcdm pfsj diaq msb jv, kfsj srlfqfk jvsk (n{isK zfbsk) ifv
 252
bf.(1) hvQ zfïfrƒ pfsj ƒ¤Yf n{isK zfbsk ifsvb. zfv dkdbƒ Hft ufsbb jfvf
n{isKv zbcnfvD.« (j¶fn¶fn } 56, hcJfvD 1360, mcndtm 141bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt ˆjhfv mfsqv jhv dpqfvsk sostb. nsÌ djYc nfrfhfW dYstb.
snJfsb si]ZsY dkdb sj]sl …Estb. nfrfhfoB j]flfv jfvB duÎfnf jvst dkdb htstb,
.« !3 :‫ن‬3‫ذ‬5‚5 \: : 4 65 : ‫و‬1‫ز‬5 ‫ن‬4 5 1*b14 :‫‚ْذ‬b:4 ‫א‬:‫! و‬3 ‫ن‬4 :‫‚ْذ‬V: H4 5 5 8M K : Y3 “4 b:4 5 ‫ن‬4 5 /M: 194 :‫‚ْذ‬b:4 ‫» א‬
ªzfdm zfmfv iadkiftsjv dbje zfmfv zf©mfv ubA ƒd²ÀoIfv ([mf iafKGbf)
jvfv zbcmdk yfƒtfm, dj§Â dkdb zbcmdk dlstb bf. zfdm k]fv jhv dpqfvskv
zbcmdk yfƒtfm, dkdb zfmfsj zbcmdk dlstb.« (mcndtm 2303bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt ˆv msb iaw´ ufot sp, ƒhafrDm skf k]fv dikfv ubA (mcwdvj
rWqf nsÙ¶W) ƒd²ÀoIfv jsvdYstb. zfïfrv kvI sKsj …Ùv ˆt,
B‫@ن‬A 1*S4 83 5 B :I: 3*’ !3 ‫و‬À 1&: 1*B5 1*!5 :7B :I: 'B 5 5 1• VB @A \: :&: ‫و‬: "N :&3 4 8B 7: >?@A 3* /3 5‚!3 :H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A 1 Y5 “4 b3 4 ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
/ b!‫( " א‬١١٤) { H< 3O
: •< ‫א‬B‫ و‬:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A
ªƒhafrDm k]fv dikfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsvdYt ˆhQ kf (ƒd²ÀoIfv) kfsj slWqf
zfïfrv ˆjde iadkwa¢dkv ubA n©Hh rsqdYt. zk}iv pJb ˆ kfv dbje nc±ió rt
sp, sn zfïfrv wÛ¢, kJb ƒhafrDm kfv n©isjG dbdtGå rsq sot. dbÇyq ƒhafrDm dYt
sjfmt r™lq W nrbwDt.« (kfWhfr } 114, kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv 2/393)
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt zfmfslv mfsU
l×fqmfb rsq obDmskv mfst dJqfbskv jKf …sïJ jvstb ˆhQ
dhNqdev iadk HDNB Èv¢k¶ zfsvfi jvstb. idvswsN dkdb htstb,
ªzfdm skfmfslv msLA jf…sj spb djqfmskv dlb dy]dr]-
vhdhdwó …e OfsV jsv hrb jvf zh²¿fq …id²¿k bf ifƒ. pJb sn
htsh, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj h]fyfb!' zfv zfdm hth, `zfdm
skfmfv sjfb iajfv nfrfpA jvsk ifvh bf. zfdm skf (lcdbqfsk)
skfmfv dbje ˆ (lcvh²¿fv jKf) si]ZsY dlsqdYtfm.'
zfdm skfmfslv msLA jf…sj spb djqfmskv dlb dy]dr]-
vhdhdwó sOfVf OfsV jsv hrb jvf zh²¿fq …id²¿k bf ifƒ. pJb sn
htsh `zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj h]fyfb!' kJb zfdm hth, `zfdm skfmfv
sjfb iajfv …ijfv jvsk nmKG bƒ. zfdm skf (ixdKhDsk) skfmfv
dbje (ˆ lcdlGsbv jKf) si]ZsY dlsqdYtfm.'
zfdm skfmfslv msLA jf…sj spb djqfmskv dlb sm]-sm]
vhdhdwó Yfot OfsV hrb jvf zh²¿fq …id²¿k bf ifƒ. pJb sn htsh,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj h]fyfb.' zfv zfdm kJb hth, `zfdm skfmfv

(1)jf…sj n{isK zfbf sjht zfïfrv jfu. zfïfrv vnCt n{iK ialwGb j'sv Kfsjb. (jcvzfb
42/52)
253
sjfb iajfv nrfqkf jvsk n[m bƒ. zfdm skf skfmfv dbje (ˆ jv¢B
zh²¿fv jKf lcdbqfsk) si]ZsY dlsqdYtfm.'
zfdm skfmfslv msLA jf…sj spb djqfmskv dlb dy{jfv
zfWqfu-dhdwó sjfb uDh OfsV hrb jvf zh²¿fq …id²¿k bf ifƒ.
pJb sn htsh, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfsj h]fyfb!' zfv zfdm sn nmq
hth, `zfdm skfmfv sjfb iajfv nfrfpA jvsk ifvh bf. zfdm skf
(lcdbqfsk) skfmfv dbje (ˆ dblfv¢b zh²¿fv jKf) si]ZsY
dlsqdYtfm.'
zfdm skfmfslv jf…sj spb djqfmskv dlb …V§À jfiV OfsV
hrb jvf zh²¿fq …id²¿k bf ifƒ. pJb sn htsh, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
zfmfsj nfrfpA jv¢b!' zfv zfdm kJb hth, `zfdm skfmfv sjfb
iajfv …ijfv jvsk ifvh bf. zfdm skf (lcdbqfsk) skfmfv dbje (ˆ
lclGwfv jKf) si]ZsY dlsqdYtfm.'
zfdm skfmfslv msLA jf…sj spb djqfmskv dlb snfbf-y]fdl
OfsV hrb jvf zh²¿fq …id²¿k bf ifƒ. pJb sn htsh, `sr zfïfrv vnCt!
zfmfsj nfrfpA jv¢b!' zfv zfdm kJb hth, `zfdm skfmfv sjfb iajfv
nfrfpA jvsk nmKG bƒ. zfdm skf (ixdKhDsk) skfmfsj
(wvDqskv jKf) si]ZsY dlsqdYtfm.« (hcJfvD 3073, mcndtm 1831bQ,
rflDsnv wèfhtD ƒmfm mcndtsmv.)
…ipGÙ c Á wkGnfsis[ mrfbhD djqfmsk nfvf dhsw¶v mfbcsNv ubA W dhswN j'sv
…©mskv ubA ncifdvw jvshb. zfv k]fv ncifdvw zdbhfpG rsh dhswN djYc mfbcsNv
ubA. zfècïfr ƒhsb zfmXv ƒhsb zf'n jkGj x hdBGk, dkdb bhD -sj ˆ jKf
htsk ðsbsYb sp,
3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬,: "ً 5 ,
: B 5: >,
: 74 8: 1*B@‘5 B 5 : ‫ א‬r,
: BH‰1 1‫ ل‬nK V: 8: : „4 83 ‫! א‬K nK 5 :‫ن‬M‫—ذ‬: '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1Hb14 '3 : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A »
‫ن‬4 5 L
1 4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬3‫ د‬:3 74 83 N&4 : !3 >?@A “3 :S4 I: 5? 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬3 › !5 T@ S4 8: X: B@‘5 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 :*> !‫ א א‬K : BH‰1 ‫א‬Q f4 : X: /3
.« K : Y5 fB !‫ א‬1*!5 9
4 >O
: 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 :‫ل‬5‚: 74 ': 5 : \1 :5 :‫ ن‬PK 5
ªskfmvf pJb zfpfb ðbsh, kJb (zfpfsbv …Ùsv) mczfpXdpb pf djYc htsh,
skfmvfW dEj kfƒ htsh. kfviv zfpfb swsN zfmfv …iv lv™l ifE jvsh. sjbbf,
sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv …iv ˆjhfv lv™l ifE jvsh, kfv dhdbmsq kfv iadk zfïfr lwde
vrmk bfspt jvshb. zk}iv skfmvf zfïfrv dbje zfmfv ubA `znDtf' iafKGbf
jvsh. jfvB, `znDtf' rs¤Y ufâfskv ˆmb ˆjde ²¿fb, pf nm²À hf¦lfv msLA sjht
zfïfrv ˆjde hf¦lf (kfv …ipcÙÁ) rsh. zfv zfwf jdv, zfdmƒ snƒ hf¦lf rh.
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv ubA znDtf iafKGbfgjvsh, kfv ubA (zfmfv) ncifdvw zdbhfpG
rsq pfsh.« (mcndtm 875bQ)
 254
zfpfb swfbfv iv k]fv ubA `znDtf' iafKGbf jvfv lczf dwdJsq dlsqsYb mrfbhD .
dkdb hstsYb,
5 5 3 : !ْ ‫א א‬Q&'B +
: 81 3U- 3 ': s3 n5 !ْ ‫" א‬3 5 #
B !‫א‬:‫ و‬3 8B bB!‫" א‬3 : 4 &B !‫ א‬3•3W\: B$: BHX1 > !‫ א‬:: ‫א‬:&SM!‫ א‬1Š': 4 V: : O
3 :‫ ل‬65 74 8: )
.(3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: R3b: Y5 : 1*!5 9
4 >O
: ،1*I:&4 : ‫و‬: c3W!> ‫א א‬Q‫' د‬1 +
4 8: 8Q n5 8: 1*„4 : /4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬5 5 3 Y5 !ْ ‫א‬:‫و‬
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfpfb ðsb (zfpfsbv swsN) ˆƒ lczf htsh, zKGf{, sr zfïfr ˆƒ iCBfG Ì
zfrhfb W iadkôf tfHjfvD bfmfspv iaHc! mcrf©mfl -sj kcdm znDtf (ufâfskv ˆj
…¤y ²¿fb) W mpGflf lfb jv ˆhQ k]fsj snƒ iawQdnk ²¿fsb si]ZYfW, pfv iadkwa¢dk kcdm
k]fsj dlsqY.
sn hAdÙÁv ubA djqfmskv dlb zfmfv ncifdvw zdbhfpG rsq pfsh.« (hcJfvD 614bQ)
dkdb njt …©mskv ubA ncifdvw jvshb djqfmsk; nhGiaKm ncifdvw W
nhGhrx { ncifdvw.
zfhC ùvfƒvf hstb, ˆjlf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfsK ˆj lfWqfsk dYtfm. kf]sj
nfmsbv ifsqv ˆjde vfb kcst slWqf rt. dkdb ˆƒ vfb hV iY¦l jvskb. kf sKsj
dkdb (l]fsk sjse) sJstb. zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªdjqfmskv dlb zfdm rh njt
mfbcsNv sbkf. skfmvf dj ufb, jD jfvsB? djqfmskv dlb iChfG iv nmoa mfbhufdk
ˆjƒ mqlfsb nmshk rsh. (sn mqlfbde ˆmb rsh sp,) snJfsb lwGj kfslvsj slJsk
ifsh ˆhQ zfrhfbjfvD (dbu zfrhfb) kfslvsj ðbfsk ifvsh. nCpG ˆsjhfsv jfsY
ˆsn pfsh. mfbcN ˆkƒ lc}J-jsóv msLA dbidkk rsh sp, SLpG LfvB jvfv [mkfƒ
kfslv Kfjsh bf. kfvf htsh, `slJ, skfmfslv nhfv jD HDNB jó rs¤Y, skfmfslv jD
dhil ˆsn si]ZsYsY! ˆmb sjfb hAdÙÁv sJ]fu jv, dpdb ivWqfvslofsvv jfsY ncifdvw
jvsk ifsvb.' stfsjvf htsh, `yt zflsmv jfsY pfƒ.' sn msk kfvf zflsmv jfsY
ˆsn htsh, `zfidb mfbh ufdkv dikf, zfïfr kfzftf dbu rfsk zfibfsj nxdó
jsvsYb ˆhQ Icj ] dlsq kf]v `v™r' zfibfv msLA nÑfdvk jsvsYb. kf]v dbslGsw
dIdvñfoB zfibfsj dnulf jsvdYstb. zfibfsj ufâfsk ²¿fb dlsqdYstb. nckvfQ
zfidb dj zfibfv iftbjkGfv lvhfsv zfmfslv ubA ncifdvw jvshb bf? zfidb dj
slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD jsóv msLA zfdY? zfmvf jD p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY?' zflm
htshb, `zfmfv iadkiftj zfu HDNB ÛÁcÝ zfsYb, ˆmb ÛÁcÝ dkdb zfv sjfbdlb
rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. kfYfVf dkdb zfmfsj ˆjde hxs[v jfsY spsk dbsNL
jsvdYstb, dj§Â zfdm kfv dbslGw zmfbA jsvdYtfm. zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk
zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf
hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf bCsrv jfsY pfW.'
nckvfQ kfvf njst bCr -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr bCr! zfidb ixdKhDv iadk
iaKm siadvk vnCt. zfïfr zfibfsj swfjv-Èufv hf¦lf drnfsh zdHdrk jsvsYb.
nckvfQ zfidb dj zfibfv iftbjkGfv lvhfsv zfmfslv ubA ncifdvw jvshb bf?
zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD jsóv msLA zfdY? zfmvf jD p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY?' bCr
htshb, zfmfv iadkiftj zfu HDNB ÛÁcÝ zfsYb, ˆmb ÛÁcÝ dkdb zfv sjfbdlb
255
rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. kfYfVf zfmfv ˆjde lczf dYt, pfv äfvf zfmfv ufdkv
…iv hÜczf jsvdY. zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk
zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf
jfsY pfW. skfmvf ƒhafrDsmv jfsY pfW.'
nckvfQ kfvf nhfƒ ƒhafrDm -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr ƒhafrDm! zfidb zfïfrv
bhD W ixdKhDhfnDslv mLA sKsj zfidbƒ kf]v Jfn hác. zfidb zfibfv iftbjkGfv
jfsY zfmfslv ubA ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD p§ÃBfv msLA
zfdY?' dkdb kfslvsj htshb, `zfmfv iftbjkGf zfu HDNB vfofd¦hk rsqsYb,
ˆmb vfofd¦hk dkdb zfv sjfbdlb rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf. kfYfVf (lcdbqfsk)
zfdm dkbde dmKAf jKf hstdY. nckvfQ zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj
dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq
zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf mCnfv jfsY pfW.'
zk}iv kfvf mCnf -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mCnf! zfidb zfïfrv vnCt.
zfïfr zfibfsj k]fv dvnftk dlsq ˆhQ zfibfv nfsK (nvfndv) jKf hst nmoa
mfbh ufdkv …iv swaôk¶ dlsqsYb. zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv
dbje ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD lcsHGfo sifrfd¤Y?' dkdb
htshb, `zfu zfmfv iadkiftj ˆk HDNB ÛcÁÝ rsq zfsYb, ˆmb ÛcÁÝ dkdb zfv
zfso jJsbf rbdb ˆhQ zfofmDskW zfv sjfbdlb rshb bf. kfYfVf zfdm skf
(ixdKhDsk) ˆjde iafB rkAf jsvdYtfm, pfsj rkAf jvfv sjfb dbslGw zfmfsj slWqf
rqdb. zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm
dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW.
skfmvf „nfv jfsY pfW.'
zk}iv kfvf nhfƒ „nf -ˆv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr „nf! zfidb zfïfrv vfnCt.
zfidb zfïfrv snƒ jfstmf, pf dkdb mfvqAfsmv iadk ias[i jsvdYstb. zfidb rs¤Yb
kf]v v™r, zfidb (u¦m sbWqfv iv) dwðjfst slftbfq ðsqƒ mfbcsNv nfsK jKf hstdYstb.
zkˆh zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv dbje ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj
slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD p§ÃBfv msLA zfdY?' dkdb kfslvsj htshb, `zfmfv iftbjkGf zfu
HDNB vfofd¦hk rsqsYb, ˆmb vfofd¦hk dkdb zfv sjfbdlb rbdb zfv jJsbf rshbW bf.
(ˆJfsb dkdb k]fv sjfb zivfL …sïJ jsvbdb.) zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm
dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! zfdm dbsusj dbsqƒ dyd§Àk zfdY! skfmvf hvQ zfmfsj hfl
dlsq zbA jfsvf jfsY pfW. skfmvf mcrf©mfl -ˆv jfsY pfW.'
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, nckvfQ kfvf nhfƒ zfmfv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mcrf©mfl!
zfidb zfïfrv vnCt. zfidb zfsJvD bhD. zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv pfhkDq Èbfr mfI
j'sv dlsqsYb. zkˆh zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv jfsY ncifdvw
jv¢b. zfidb dj slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD (Hqfhr) lc}J W p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY.' kJb
zfdm yst pfh ˆhQ zfvswv bDsy zfmfv iadkiftsjv ubA dnulfhbk rh. zk}iv
zfïfr kf]v iawQnf W ÈBofsbv ubA zfmfv r™lqsj ˆmb …¦mcÙÁ j'sv slshb, spmb
 256
ƒskfiCshG zfv jfsvf ubA jsvbdb. zk}iv dkdb htshb,
.(Š4 Y> f: I1 Š4 Y5 4 ‫* א‬4 Œ5 4 I1 4 : 5h: ْ : Š4 5 4 ‫ א‬1&'B +
: 81 V: )
`sr mcrf©mfl! mfKf …EfW, yfW, skfmfsj slWqf rsh. ncifdvw jv, skfmfv
ncifdvw oarB jvf rsh.' kJb zfdm mfKf …dEsq hth, zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b)
sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr iadkiftj!
zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr iadkiftj!' ˆv iakcAÙsv (zfïfrv i[ sKsj)
htf rsh, `sr mcrf©mfl! skfmfv …©mskv msLA pfslv sjfb drnfh-dbjfw rsh bf,
kfslvsj Ffb dlsjv lvuf dlsq ufâfsk iashw jvfW. ˆƒ lvuf YfVf kfvf zbA nh
lvufskW njt mfbcsNv wvDj.'
zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªp]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, kf]v jnm! ufâfskv ˆjde
lvufv iaw²Àkf rs¤Y mÄf W (hfrvfƒsbv) rfufsvv mLAhkDG lCvk¶ zKhf mÄf W
(dndvqfv) hcnvfv mLAhkDG lCvsk¶v nmfb.« (hcJfvD 4712, mcndtm 501bQ)
t[BDq sp, stfsjvf k]fv jfsY ncifdvswv zfshlb ufbfst dkdb nfsK nfsK ncifdvw
ðv¢ jvshb bf. hvQ zbcmdk iafKGbf öv™i dkdb zfvswv bDsy dbu iadkiftsjv ubA
dnulfhbk rshb. zk}iv mrfb zfïfr dbu iawQnf W ÈBofsbv ubA k]fv r™lqsj
ˆmb …¦mcÙÁ j'sv slshb, spmb ƒskfiCshG zfv jfsvf ubA jsvbdb. zk}iv dkdb
htshb, `sr mcrf©mfl! mfKf …EfW, yfW, skfmfsj slWqf rsh. ncifdvw jv, skfmfv
ncifdvw oarB jvf rsh.' zk}iv dkdb ncifdvw jvshb.
…ipGÙc Á wkGnfsis[ mrfbhD -ˆv ncifdvw rsh jsqj Lvsbv }-
1. nhGhrx { ncifdvw, pf djqfmskv mqlfsb njt mfbcsNv ubA.
2. pfslv ifi-icBA nmfb rsqsY ˆmb stfsjslv ufâfk pfWqfv ubA ncifdvw.
3. sp kWrDlhflDvf jfhDvf sofbfrv jfvsB ufrfâfmD rsh, kfvf pfsk ufrfâfm
iashw bf jsv, kfv ubA ncifdvw.
4. ufâfsk sjfb sjfb ufâfkDv mpGflf hLGsbv ubA ncifdvw.
5. djYc stfsjv ubA dhbf drnfsh ufâfsk pfWqfv ncifdvw.
6. sjfb ufrfâfmDv ufrfâfsm zfpfh rfîf jvfv ubA ncifdvw.
7. njt mc'dmbslv ufâfsk iashw jvfv zbcmdk ifWqfv ubA ncifdvw.
8. sp kWrDlhflDvf jfhDvf sofbfrv jfvsB ufrfâfmD rsh, kfvf pfsk ufrfâfm sKsj
mcdÙÁ ifq kfv ubA ncifdvw. (zfj¶Dlfr k¶frfdhqAfr û})

k]fv dhw¶ubDbkf
dkdb dhw¶bhD, du¶b-ƒbnfb njstv bhD. njt ufdk, slw, HfNf W hsBGv bhD. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
‚ " (٢٨) {:‫' ن‬1 5 4 V: !5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: „:Pْ 5 B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q•f3 /: @‫ س‬SB !q ً > P5 !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj nmoa mfbhufdkv iadk ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB
jsvdY; dj§Â zdLjfQw mfbcN kf ufsb bf.« (nfhf' } 28)
257
: \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 1*!5 c3W!> ‫ א‬Q '3 L
: H4 JK 4 !5 @A 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: 4 6K }
{:‫ون‬1&b:X4 I: H4 JK > : !5 1• 1 3 IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*I3 ': 3P5 ‫و‬: *3 ’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 c3W!> ‫ א‬MR8M K ‫ א‬MR3 SB!‫ א‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 v5 19 '3 V1 ‫و‬: R3 +
4 V1
ªht, `sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslv njstv ubA snƒ zfïfrv (siadvk) vnCt; dpdb
zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmsk¶v zdLjfvD, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb (nkA) …ifnA
sbƒ, dkdbƒ uDdhk jsvb W mxkcA Oefb. nckvfQ zfïfrv iadk W kf]v vnCt dbv[v
bhDv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv; sp zfïfr W kf]v hfBDsk dhÇhfn jsv, ˆhQ skfmvf kfv
zbcnvB jv, pfsk skfmvf iK ifW.« (zf'vfI } 158)
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O 4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬١) { ‫א‬Q V3W: : '3 !5 : ْ !3 :‫ ن‬JK : !3 3•3&4 : 5 : :‫ ن‬65 4 YK !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ل‬TB : c3W!> ‫ א‬5g: :I:}
ªjk iafycpGmq dkdb dpdb k]fv lfsnv iadk Icvj¶fb (jcvzfb) zhkDBG jsvsYb.
pfsk sn dhÇhuoskv ubA nkjGjfvD rsk ifsv.« (Icvj¶fb } 1)
T@ V@T: !ْ ‫ط א‬3 ‫א‬: ,
3 !5 @A H4 X@ /M: @‫ذن‬4 @‘/3 @ S2!‫! א‬5 @A 3U ': K ƒr !‫ א‬:783 :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:‫ @ج‬ž 4 b1!3 5h4 !5 @A 1• S:!ْ T: 5 $< b:P3 !5 ‫}א‬
H \‫ א‬/A " (١) {3& '3 + : !ْ ‫א‬
ªzfdtI tf-m vf. ˆƒ djkfh ˆef zfdm skfmfv iadk zhkDBG jsvdY; pfsk kcdm
mfbh ufdksj kfslv iadkiftsjv dbslGwÛÁsm zájfv rsk zfstfsjv dlsj;
ivfÛÁmwftD, nhGiwa Qdnskv isK shv jsv zfbsk ifv.« (ƒhafrDm } 1)
zfv mrfbhD hstb,
74 83 —4 V1 H4 !5 ‫و‬: 1U '1 V: BH‰1 À 3 ‫א‬: #
4 : 5?‫و‬: Àx3‫ د‬X1 V: 3 8B K ‫ א‬3•3W\: 74 83 &< O
: 5 /3 1Š': 4 V: 5? 3•3&: /3 N&'B +
: 81 1•Yْ : x3W!> ‫א‬:‫» و‬
.« @ SB!‫ א‬3$ + :,4 5 74 83 :‫ ن‬P5 >?@A 3*/3 19ْ 3 4 K x3W!> /3
zKGf{, p]fv rfsk mcrf©mfslv iafB zfsY, snƒ nÙfv jnm! ˆƒ …©mskv sp sj…---
ƒqfùlD srfj hf dJa±efb zfmfv jKf ðbsh, zk}iv pf dlsq zfdm siadvk rsqdY, kfv
iadk „mfb zfbsh bf, snƒ ufrfâfmhfnDslv z§ÀHcÙ G Á rsh. (mcndtm 403bQ)
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
H4 JK : 8: ': !q ‫ <ق‬M&#
: 82 ‫ <ل‬1 : H4 PK L
: BH‰1 N ': Jْ O
3 ‫و‬: N$ b:P3 78M HKJb14 I:- ': !5 :74 M 3 SB!‫ א‬:‫„ ق‬: 83 1*’ !‫ א‬:W;
: 5 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
:78M HKJ: 8: ْ :5 ‫و‬: ْ‫وא‬1&X: 4 5 :‫ ل‬65 :4 : 6ْ 5 ْ‫! א‬K 65 c@ ,
4 @A H4 JK !3:‫ ذ‬5 : H4 I1W4 ;
: 5 ‫و‬: H4 I14 : 6ْ 5 5 :‫ ل‬65 1*B1 #
1 S:b!5 ‫و‬: 3*/3 B7S183 —4 b1!5
‫ل ' אن‬- " (٨١) {:7V3&\3 fB !‫א‬
zKGf{, pJb zfïfr bhDslv dbje sKsj zÌDjfv dbstb sp, zfdm skfmfslvsj
djkfh W iaÎf lfb jvdY, zk}iv skfmfslv jfsY pf zfsY kfv nmKGjv™si pJb
ˆjub vnCt zfnsh, kJb dbÇyq skfmvf kfsj dhw¶fn W nfrfpA jvsh. dkdb htstb,
`skfmvf dj öDjfv jvst ˆhQ zfmfv zÌDjfv oarB jvst?' kfvf htt, `zfmvf
öDjfv jvtfm.' dkdb htstb, `ksh skfmvf nf[D Kfj ˆhQ zfdmW skfmfslv nfsK
nf[D vƒtfm.'
 258
iaskAj bhDv jfY sKsj ˆƒ zÌDjfv sbWqf rsqsY sp, kf]v uDhÜwfq ˆhQ kf]v
bhczkjfst pdl zbA bhDv zfdhHGfh Ose, kfrst ˆƒ bhfok bhDv iadk „mfb zfbf
ˆhQ kf]v nrspfdokf jvf zkAfhwAj rsh. pdl bhD dhlAmfb Kfjf zh²¿fq bhfok
bhDv …iv „mfb ˆƒ bhDv …iv uv¢vD rq, kfrst ˆƒ bhDv …©mskv …iv bhfok
bhDv …iv „mfb zfbf skf zfsvf shwD uv¢vD rsq pfq.
sjfb sjfb mcIfnXdnv ‫ <ق‬M&# : 81 ‫ <ل‬4 1 : (nmKGj vnCt) sKsj mcrf©mfl -sj hcdUsqsYb.
zKGf{, mcrf©mfl -ˆv hAfifsv zbA nm²À bhDslv jfY sKsj zÌDjfv sbWqf rsqsY
sp, pdl kf]v pcso dkdb ˆsn pfb, kfrst dbsuv bhczskv idvnmfdå Odesq ˆƒ
bhDv …iv „mfb zfbsk rsh. dj§Â zfnst iaKm zsKGv nfsK ˆƒ däkDq zKG zfibf-
zfidbƒ ˆsn pfq. nckvfQ j¶cvzfsbv wsèv dlj dlsq iaKm zKGƒ ndEj ˆhQ ˆƒ
zsKGv dlj sKsj ˆ jKfW idv®jfv rsq pfq sp, mcrf©mfl -ˆv bhczskv nCpG …dlk
rWqfv iv zfv sjfb bhDv (bhczskv) ialDi …϶t Kfjsh bf. spmb, rflDsn ˆsnsY
sp, ˆjlf …mfv kfWvfskv jsqjde ifkf dbsq iVdYstb. kf slsJ bhD jvDm
vfofdb¶k rsq htstb,
@H8: K‚!ْ ‫ א‬74 83 RqƒO
: H4 JK B@A ،4Hb1ْ 5 : !5 R3 '1 b1Pْ : I:‫و‬: 1• '1 b14 :IB‫ א‬BH‰1 : 81 H4 JK 3 :]:,
4 5 4 !5 3•3&: /3 R3 Yْ : c3W!> ‫א‬:‫)و‬
.(: M3 SB!‫ א‬74 83 H4 JK ƒr O
: :5 ‫و‬:
ªsnƒ nÙfv wiK, pf]v rfsk mcrf©mfslv iafB! pdl mcnfW uDdhk rsq ˆsn pfb, zfv
skfmvf zfmfsj sYsV kf]v zbcnfvD rsq pfW ˆhQ zfmfsj huGb jv, kfrst zhwAƒ
skfmvf ëó rsq pfsh. dbÇyq …©mskv msLA skfmvf zfmfv zQw ˆhQ bhDosBv msLA
zfdm skfmfslv zQw.« (zfrmfl 15864, 18335bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
.(R3S: 3 bBV: ‫ن‬4 5 !> @A 1*!5 B O
: 8: H4 PK @ X1 lْ 5 7: 4 /: ¨ O
: : 81 :‫ ن‬P5 4 !5 )
ªpdl mCnf skfmfslv mfsU uDdhk Kfjskb, kfrst zfmfv zbcnvB YfVf k]fv ubA
zbA djYc ³hL rskf bf. (zfrmfl 14631, ðzfhct „mfb hfƒrfj¶D 179, zfhC qAf'tf 2135bQ)
htf hfùtA, ˆJb djqfmk ipG§À zidvrfpG zbcnvB sjht mcrf©mfl -ˆvƒ jvsk
rsh. kf]v zfbcoskAv msLAƒ vsqsY mcdÙÁ, sjfb ƒmfsmv zá zbcjvB zKhf sjfb
hcpsc oGv rfsk hfqfk jvfv msLA bq. sjfb iqoìsvv dnÄf pdl bf yst, kfrst zbA
sjfb hAdÙÁk¶ wkGrDb zfbcoskAv zdLjfvD jDHfsh rsk ifsv? (zfrnfbct hfqfb)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
9
4 53 L1 ‫و‬: 1Hs3 S:“: !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 9
4 >O3 K ‫و‬: 3d4 2 ! /3 1U4 # 3 1‫و‬: @H3J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:Š83 ‫א‬: L
: 19 Œ3 4 K 9
¤ 3 /3 3 : 3 4 5 ‫ א‬5 : 19ْ M K »
.« :‫ ن‬23 SB!‫ א‬: /3 :Hb3 ;
1 ‫و‬: ً > P5 @Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫! א‬5 @A 19ْ 3 4 K ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&~
3 4 8: ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q X1 ¦5 1‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬: !3
ªYqde dudbn dlsq zfmfsj zbAfbA bhDosBv …iv swaôk¶ lfb jvf rsqsY. zfmfsj
hùtfKGshfLj nQd[å hfjAfhtD (htfv [mkf) slWqf rsqsY. zfkË dlsq zfmfsj
nfrfpA jvf rsqsY. obDmskv mft zfmfv ubA rftft jvf rsqsY. ixdKhDsj zfmfv ubA
mndul W (kfv mfdesj) idhÛjfvD hfbfsbf rsqsY. zfdm nfvf nxdóv ubA siadvk rsqdY.
 259
zfv zfmfsj dlsq bhczskv nmfdå Oefsbf rsqsY.« (mcndtm 1195bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
M PK !5 @A 19„4 3 /1‫و‬: ً ,
B ;
: 3*83 4 65 !5 @A 1¢: 4V1 ¤ 3 : 2 PK :‫ ن‬P5 34 65 &< O
: 5 B7X1 Œ5 4 V1 H4 !5 Q '4 ;
: 19 Œ3 4 K »
': V25‚5 ‫א‬Q&~
3 4 8: ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q X1 ¦5 ً :M ¦5 1‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬: !3 9
4 53 L
1 ‫و‬: 34 65 N&O
: 5 B+
: I1 H4 !5 ‫و‬: 1Hs3 S:“: !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 9
4 >O
3 K ‫و‬: :‫د‬: 4 5 ‫و‬: : ': O
45
.« 5 : Y5 fB !‫ א‬19 Œ3 4 K ‫و‬: ٍ X4 : "3 •
: 3 8: x
4 :&V: :74 /: 3d4 2 ! /3 1U4 # 3 1‫و‬: :‫ ن‬P5 1¢4 O : >, : "K 5 #
B !‫ א‬1*b4 P5 : ‫د‬4 5 ٍ L
1:
zKGf{, zfmfsj ˆmb i]fyde dudbn lfb jvf rsqsY, pf zfmfv iCshG zfv jf…sj
slWqf rqdb. iaskAj bhD dhswNHfsh dbsuv ufdkv dbje siadvk rskb. zfv zfdm
iaskAj tft W jfstfv iadk siadvk rsqdY. zfmfv ubA obDmk rftft jvf rsqsY, pf
zfmfv iCshG zbA jfsvf ubA rftft jvf rqdb. zfmfv ubA pmDbsj idhÛkfv mfLAm W
mndul hfbfsbf rsqsY. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁv jfsY bfmfspv nmq ˆsn …id²¿k rsh, sn
hAdÙÁ spJfsb Kfjsh, snJfsbƒ bfmfp isV sbsh. ˆj mfsnv iK zhdL zfkË dlsq
zfmfsj nfrfpA jvf rsqsY. zfv zfmfsj wfIfzfk lfb jvf rsqsY. (mcndtm 1191bQ)
ªzfdm iaskAj tft W jfstfv iadk siadvk rsqdY«-ˆv zKG rt, zfdm zfvh W
zfusmv njt mfbcsNv iadk vnCtv™si siadvk rsqdY. zKhf mfbh-lfbh …Hq
n©ialfsqv ubA bhD rsq siadvk rsqdY.
iaskAj bhD dhswNHfsh dbsuv ufdkv dbje siadvk rskb. dbsuv öHfND mfbcsNv
dbje siadvk rskb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
T1 V@T: !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: f: V: 7:8 c3&X4 V: ‫و‬: f: V: 7:8 1*’ !‫ א‬2 3 1 5 H4 X1 !5 :7M :1 !3 3*83 4 65 @‫ ن‬: 3/3 >?@A ‫ ٍل‬1 B 738 S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
H \‫ א‬/A " (٤) { 1H J3 + : !ْ ‫א‬
zfdm iaskAj vnCtsjƒ kfv öufdkv HfNfHfND j'sv ifdEsqdY kfslv dbje
idv°jfvHfsh hAfJAf jvhfv ubA. zfïfr pfsj ƒ¤Yf dhëf§À jsvb ˆhQ pfsj ƒ¤Yf
n{isK idvyfdtk jsvb. zfv dkdb ivfÛÁmwftD, iaÎfmq. (ƒhafrDm } 4)
dj§Â nhGswN bhD njt HfNfHfNDv mfbcsNv ubAƒ siadvk rsqsYb.
dkdb siadvk rsqsYb mcndtm-zmcndtm njstv ubA. sp k]fsj hvB jvsh, sn
idvÛfB ifsh. zfv sp iakAfJAfb jvsh, sn L¶Qn rsh.
5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K ً ': O
4 : ‫و‬: 8Q 8: :A : 81 1$ b:P3 3*34 65 738‫و‬: 1*S4 8M &< \3 : 1• K b4 V: ‫و‬: 3*/MB 7M8 N S:M /: 5 : :‫ ن‬P5 7:'5 5 }
B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: 5h/MB 738 2Z+
: !ْ ‫ א‬1*B@A 1*S4 8M N V: 4 83 R3 KhI: 5 5 1•1&3 4 8: 1 SB! 5 3$‫א‬:TO
4 5 ‫ א‬:783 3*/3 4 YK Jْ V: 7:8‫و‬: 3*/3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1
‫( " \ د‬١٧) {:‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 5? @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: „:Pْ 5
zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ kfv iadkiftsjv i[ rsk zfok ±ió iamfsBv …iv iadkdôk
ˆhQ Wv nsÌ k]fv kvI rsk ˆj nf[DW dhlAmfb, zfv Wv iCshG (nf[D) dYt zflwG W
jv¢Bf öv™i mCnfv oa§¿; (sn dj kfv mk sp zbcv™i bq)? ˆmb stfjvfƒ ˆ (jcvzfb)-
ˆv iadk dhw¶fn vfsJ. zfv nm²À lstv mLA rsk sp hAdÙÁ ˆƒ (jcvzfb) zmfbA jvsh,
kfv iadkwa¢k ²¿fb rsh slfpJ. zkˆh kcdm ˆ (jcvzfb) n©isjG ns¦lsr isVf bf.
db}ns¦lsr skfmfv iadkiftsjv i[ rsk ˆef nkA (oa§¿); dj§Â zdLjfQw stfj dhw¶fn
 260
jsv bf. (rCl } 17)
bf, dkdb sjht zfvshv bhD bb, hvQ dkdb dhw¶bhD. ˆ hAfifvde rflDsn
‰dkrfdnjHfsh iamfdBk sp, zbfvh hf zfusmv hù stfj bhD -ˆv rfskƒ ƒntfm
oarB jsvdYstb. ncrfƒh v¢mD, dhtft rfhwD, nftmfb IfsvnD iaHdx koB kfv iajóx
iamfB. ˆ YfVf mrfbhD svfm-nmafe drvfdjt, ifvnA-nmafe djnvf W djhskv nmafe
mcjfWdjnsj ƒntfm oarsBv ubA zfrhfb ufdbsq dydE dtsJdYstb.
nckvfQ k]fv lfWqfk ðv¢ rsqdYt ˆƒ dbslGw dlsq,
‫ א‬f!‫( " א‬٢١٤) {: /3 : 6ْ 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬5hI:• : f3 : 4 3W 5 ‫و‬: }
ªskfmfv dbjekm öubhoGsj kcdm nkjG j'sv lfW.« (ðzf'vf } 214)
zk}iv lfWqfkD mqlfsbv idvnv hxdÝ jsv dbslGw ˆt,
~(‫( " א‬٩٤) {: P3 @ f4 '1 !ْ ‫@ א‬7: ‫ض‬ 4 @ 4 5 ‫و‬: 1 8: —4 I1 ': /3 ‫ع‬4 :&,
4 5}
ªzkˆh kcdm sp dhNsq zfdló rsqY, kf iajfswA iayfv jv ˆhQ
zQwDhflDslvsj …si[f jv.« (druXv } 94)
zk}iv htf rt,
‫( א م‬٩٢) { X: !5 4 O
: 74 8: ‫و‬: x: nK !ْ ‫ א‬B‫م‬K : 3WS1b!3‫و‬: 3*V4 :&V: :74 /: c3W!> ‫ א‬1‫ق‬M&# : 82 ›g: :81 1• S:!ْ T: 5 $
< b:P3 ‫א‬:W\: ‫و‬: }
ªˆ djkfh (jcvzfb) jtAfBmq j'sv zhkDBG jsvdY, pf Wv iCshGjfv djkfshv
nmKGj ˆhQ pf dlsq kcdm mÄf W Wv ifw¶hG kDG stfjslv nkjG jv. (‚bX‚m } 92)
x f!‫( " א‬٧) { X: !5 4 O : 74 8: ‫و‬: x: nK !ْ ‫ א‬B‫م‬K : 3WS1b!q ¨ /3 : : Q-4 6K 5h4 !5 @A S:4 O : ‫و‬4 5 5h!3:WP5 ‫و‬: }
ªˆHfsh zfdm skfmfv iadk zfvhD HfNfq jcvzfb zrD jsvdY; pfsk kcdm nkjG
jvsk ifv mÄfhfnDslvsj ˆhQ Wv zfswifswv hfdn¦lfsj.« (wCvf } 7)
zk}iv zfvshv dhdHâ sofÛ nr mv¢HCdm zdkÛÁm jvt lfWqfkD zfrhfb. si]ZsY
sot ƒqfmfb, wfm, zfdIºjf, svfm W ifvnA. ˆƒHfsh ixdKhDv zhdwófQsw snƒ lfWqfk
si]ZYfhfv lfdqk¶ zdiGk rt mrfbhD -ˆv bfsqhslv …iv.
mrfb zfïfr ufbskb, ixdKhD ˆjdlb sYfÕ ˆjde wrsv idvBk rsh. kfƒ nfvf
dhsw¶v ubA ˆjub bhD W nhGswN bhD. ixdKhD zfu yfdvifsw zfqbf hnfsbf ˆjde
js[v mskf. dbsmsNv dHksv ixdKhDv ˆj iaf§À sKsj ziv iaf§À zbfqfsn zhstfjb
jvf pfq. ˆj iaf§À sKsj zbA iafs§Àv mfbcsNv jKf mcsJfmcJD jsKfijKsbv mskfƒ ±ió
swfbf pfq. kfƒ snJfsb ˆjfdLj bhDv iasqfub sbƒ. kfƒ ixdKhDv swN hqsn nhGswN
bhD siadvk rstb ixdKhDv r™lq²¿st mÄfq. mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr .
dkdb nfvf dhsw¶v ubA siadvk, uDdhk Îfbn©iâ njt mfbh-lfbshv ubA siadvk.
spsrkc mxk W ÎfbrDb k]fv lfWqfk ðbsk ifsv bf, hcUsk ifsv bf, mfbsk ifsv bf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
•--V " (٧٠) {:7V@ 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 1‫ل‬4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬BZ+ 3 V: ‫و‬: ¨ O
: :‫ ن‬P5 7:8 : 3WS1 !3}
zKGf{, pfsk sn uDdhk (ufoakdyÙ) hAdÙÁslvsj nkjG jvsk ifsv ˆhQ
zdhw¶fnDslv dhv¢sÝ wfd²Àv jKf nfhA²À rq. (ƒqfnDb } 70)
261
zbcv™i pfslv jfsY k]fv lfWqfskv nQhfl si]ZYsh, kfslv ubA dkdb siadvk.
‫( " א م‬١٩) {:š5 /: 7:8‫و‬: 3*/3 HKP: 3W K 1‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ ‫א א‬:W\: BR!5 A@ :RO 3 ‫و‬K ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, ˆƒ jcvzfb zfmfv dbje siadvk rsqsY, spb skfmfslvsj ˆhQ pfv dbje
ˆde si]ZYsh kfslvsj ˆ äfvf zfdm nkjG jdv. (‚bX‚m } 19)
bsy{ pfvf k]fv Jhv ˆJbW ifqdb, kfvf Hfviafå bq. kfslvsj mrfb zfïfr wfd²À
slshb bf. dkdb hstsYb,
SBPK 8: ‫و‬: x: ;
4 K : ‫ز‬4 ‫"› @و‬: ‫א @ز‬:‫ و‬1 T@ I: 5?‫و‬: X: 4 5 : 2 3 V: ': B@‘5 B k
: 7:8‫و‬: 3*3 Yْ S:!3 c&:bX4 V: ': B@‘5 x:&b:\4 ‫@ א‬78B }
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬١٥) {?ً 1 : :¢: 4 : bBO
: : /3 MW: 81
zKGf{, pfvf n{iK zhtìb jvsh, kfvf skf dbsuslvƒ mÌstv ubAƒ n{iK
zhtìb jvsh ˆhQ pfvf iKëó rsh, kfvf dbsuslvƒ L¶Qsnv ubAƒ rsh ˆhQ sj…
zbA jfsvf Hfv hrb jvsh bf. zfv ‚dm vnCt bf ifEfsbf ipG§À jf…sj wfd²À dlƒ bf.
(hfbD ƒnaf„t } 15)
htf hfùtA, iaskAj Îfbn©iâ bfvD-icv¢N pJbƒ ƒntfsmv jKf ðbsh, zk}iv
ƒntfm oarB bf jvst kfsj wfd²À Hcosk rsh. k]fv zbcnvBƒ rt mfbhkfv yCVf§À W
nhGswN iK.

k]fv mfLAsm bhczskv idvnmfdå

mrfbhD siadvk rsqdYstb mfbcsNv swaô W nc¦lv ydvsÛv idviCBGkfv ubA. kf
idviCBkG f sisq sosY.
mrfb zfïfr ufbskb, swN pfmfbfq lcdbqf spfofspfo-ncdhLfq [cûfjfv LfvB jvsh.
dkdb ufbskb, ƒntfmD wvDqk djqfmk ipG§À pKfpKHfsh …ispfoD. ƒntfm dyv§Àb
W jftuqD LmG.
dkdb äDsbv zfstmoBsj k]fv bhDv Wqfsvn hfdbsqsYb. ªdbÇyqƒ zfstmoB
bhDosBv WqfsvnDb (…ÙvfdLjfvD). bhDoB bf sjfb lDbfsvv …ÙvfdLjfv jsvsYb, bf
sjfb dlvrfsmv. hvQ k]fvf ƒtXsmvƒ …ÙvfdLjfv jsv sosYb. nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ kf oarB
jsv sn ipGfå zQw oarB jsv Kfsj.« (zfhc lf†l, dkvdmpD, ƒhsb mfpfr, ƒhsb drêfb,
hfƒrfjD, nrDr kfvoDh 67bQ)
nckvfQ bhDv isv zfstm-…tfmf WqfsvnnCsÛ bhczskv ƒtXm iayfsvv jfu yftfshb.
snƒ ub mrfb zfïfr mrfbhD äfvf bhczskv idvnmfdå OdesqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
{ 'Q 3: N R4 : M JK /3 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬:HI: ;
: ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 B 73J!5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !3 L
: M 7M8 N&O
: 5 /:5 &< 'B +
: 81 :‫ ن‬P5 8B }
zKGf{, mcrf©mfl skfmfslv msLA sjfb icv¢sNv dikf bq, hvQ sn zfïfrv vnCt W
nhGswN bhD. zfïfr nhGdhNsq nhGÎ. (‚rXpfh } 40)
`Jfkfm' smfrvsj htf rq. zfv smfrv Jkm jvf hf nhGswN jmGsj htf rq.
spmb isÛv swsN smfrv mfvf rq, pfsj wDtsmfrv htf rq. sjfb ifÛsjW wDt
smsv há jvf rq.
bhczskv …iv wDt smsv swNbhD äfvf bhczk W dvnftfskv vf²Àf há j'sv
 262
slWqf rsqsY. ˆƒ ubA k]fsj `Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb' htf rq. kfv mfsb dkdb zfsJvD
bhD, nhGswN bhD.
`Jfkfm' mfsb zfQdeW rq. spsrkc sn pcso drIfpskv ubA `wDtsmfrv'sj zfÌcst
zfQde v™si hAhrfv jvf rskf.
htf hfùtA, k]fv iv sp sj… bhD rWqfv lfhD jvsh, sn bhD bq; hvQ dmKcAj W
lfÏft hst idvodBk rsh. ˆ dhNsq rflDn oa§¿nmCsr dh²Àfdvk hBGbf jvf rsqsY.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(3*b3 S: ¦3 R3 ‫ <ل‬3&~
: S4 '1 !5 :‫م‬:‫د‬- B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬1HI: ž
: !5 3$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬M‫م‬K R3 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : RM@A)
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm zfïfrv lfn …©mct djkfsh (tWsr mfrICsp zdËk) dYtfm
nhGswN bhDv™si. zfv zflm kJbW k]fv jflfq idkk dYstb. (zfrmfl 17163bQ)
djqfmskv dlb HDNB jó sKsj idvÛfB sisk stfsjvf bCr, ƒhafrDm W mCnfv jfsY
ncifdvswv ubA pfsh. njstƒ Wpv siw jvshb. mCnf bhD htshb, `zfdm kfv spfoA
bƒ. hvQ skfmvf zfïfrv v™r W jfstmf „nfv jfsY pfW. stfsjvf k]fv jfsY ˆsn
zfshlb ufbfst dkdbW htshb,
....: M 3SB!‫ א‬1HI: ;
: 1*B@‘5 :H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬, : ‫א‬Q&'B +: 81 ‫ א‬b1s4 ‫ א‬74 J3 !5 ‫و‬: H4 PK S:\1 194 !5 RM@A
`zfdm kfv spfoA bƒ, hvQ skfmvf mcrf©mfl -ˆv dbje pfW. jfvB dkdb nhGswN
bhD. (hcJfvD 4476, mcndtm 495bQ)
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfmfv …©mskv msLA 27 ub dmKcAj lfÏft (bhD) zfnsh,
kfv msLA 4 ub mdrtf! zfv zfdmƒ rtfm nhGswN bhD, zfmfv iv sjfb bhD sbƒ.«
(dn} nrDrfr 1999bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
74 83 N S:3 !5 :Šk
3 4 8: >?@A ، 1*5 ': L
4 5 ‫و‬: 1*S:: O
4 5‚5 bQ4 /: S:/: ٍ L
1 : @ „:': P5 34 65 74 83 3 : 3 4 5 ‫ א‬: „:8: ‫و‬: 3„:8: B‫@ن‬A »
، K S:3> !‫ א‬:5‚5 :‫ ل‬65 K S:3 > !‫ א‬3•3W\: 9
4 :k
3 ‫و‬1 > \: :‫! ن‬K nK V: ‫و‬: ، 1*!5 :‫ ن‬1~
: 4 V: ‫و‬: 3*/3 :‫ ن‬K ŒK V: 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: : ~
: 5 ، N V: ‫א @و‬:‫ز‬
.« : M 3SB!‫ א‬1HI3 ;
: :5 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, zfmfv …lfrvB W zfmfv iChhG kGD bhDosBv …lfrvB ˆmb ˆj hAdÙÁv mskf,
sp …Ùm W nc¦lv v™si ˆjde oxr dbmGfB jsvsY. dj§Â ˆj sjfsB ˆjde ƒe idvmfB
ufqof sYsV svsJsY. stfsjvf kf Ocsv-dIsv slJsk tfot W zhfj rt ˆhQ htsk
tfot, `ˆƒ ƒeef ²¿fdik rqdb sjb?'
(bhD hstb,) nckvfQ zfdmƒ rtfm snƒ ƒe. zfdmƒ rtfm nhGswN bhD. (hcJfvD
3535, mcndtm 6101bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(3 : 3 5 ‫ א‬3&L
3 : 8: 1HI: ;
: c3&~
3 4 8: ‫و‬: 3 : 3 ‫ א‬1HI: ;
: :)
zKGf{, zfdm nhGswN bhD ˆhQ zfmfv mndul bhDosBv nhGswN mndul. (n} kfvoDh
1175bQ)
mrfbhD zftD -sj mlDbfv bfsqh hfdbsq khCj pcsÝ shv rsq pfd¤Ystb. zftD
263
htstb, `zfdm zfibfv nfsK pcsÝ spsk yfƒ.' zfïfrv bhD htstb, ªbf.« dkdb
j]flsk tfostb. mrfbhD k]fsj nf§Àb¶ f dlsq htstb,
.« x3&4 /: "5 B 11 5? 1*B5 >?@A : 81 74 83 :‫ون‬1 \: 3 !5 T@ S4 ': /3 SM83 :‫ ن‬JK I: ‫ن‬4 5 k
: 4 I: 8: 5 »
ªkcdm dj yfW bf sp, rfv™b spmb mCnfv bfsqh rsqdYstb, kcdm skmdb zfmfv bfsqh
rsh? ksh zfmfv isv sjfb bhD sbƒ.« (mcndtm 6373bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.(1*!5 x: I1 ‫و‬4 1 L 1 B !‫א\ א‬: V: K +
: !3 #
B !‫ א‬V–2 !‫ א‬U 1 ‫ א‬fM :K ‫@?> א‬A c3&4 /: "5 B 11 "K B 1S2!‫ א‬39:\: :‫)ذ‬
zKGf{, bhczk yst sosY. nckvfQ zfmfv isv zfv bhczk sbƒ. zhwA ðH nQhfl
hf sbj öi´ hfjD Kfjsh, pf mfbcN slJsh hf kfsj slJfsbf rsh. (k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 3051, n}
ufsm' 3438bQ)
ˆj hAdÙÁ mcoDvfr dhb ð'hfr -ˆv dbje htt, `n¶fïfïfù zftf mcrf©mfdlb
Jfkfdmt zfdìqf. dpdb nhGswN bhD, k]fv isv sjfb bhD sbƒ.' mcoDvfr htstb,
`Jfkfmct zfdìqf htfƒ skfmfv ubA psKó dYt. jfvB zfmvf htfhdt jvkfn, „nfv
zfdhHGfh rsh. nckvfQ k]fv zfdhHGfh rst dkdb k]fv iCshGv bhD, k]fv isvv bhD.' (ƒhsb
zfhD wfƒhfr 26654bQ)
djqfmskv dbjehkGD nmsq „nf -ˆv zhkvB rsh, pf nrDr W nCÛhùt iadnÝ
hBGbf äfvf iamfdBk. ksh dkdb bhD rsq zfnshb bf; hvQ swN bhD -ˆv …©mk rsq
zfnshb. pfv Ist k]fv zhkvB rWqf `Jfksm bhczk'-ˆv zfjDlfv idvi§¿D bq.
zfècïfr dhb mchfvj (v})sj htf rt, `ˆƒ njt uft rflDn? (jD …ifq rsh?)'
dkdb htstb, `kf hfYfƒ jvfv ubA hV hV mcrfdÜnDb zfsYb.' zk}iv dkdb ˆƒ
zfqfk ifE jvstb,
~(‫( " א‬٩) {:‫ ن‬ƒK 3 +: !5 1*!5 B@A‫و‬: : Pْ MW!‫ א‬S:!ْ TB : 17+
4 : B@A}
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdmƒ `dpjXv' zhkDBG jsvdY ˆhQ zfdmƒ Wv nQv[j. (druXv } 9)
zfqfsk …dïdJk `dpjXv' …sÜwA ðLc jcvzfbƒ bq, hvQ kfsk ncâfrW wfdmt; pdlW
kf wèfhtD-nr wfdmt bq. hvQ kfsk zfvhD W iaskAj snƒ dudbn wfdmt, pfv …iv
rsjv idvyq dbHGvwDt. spsrkc jcvzfb drIfpk jvfv …sÜwA rt, ùÏk jfsqm
Kfjsh ˆhQ djqfmk ipG§À drlfqfk ²¿fqD Kfjsh. spsrkc mcrf©mfl nhGswN bhD ˆhQ
k]fv wvDqk nhGswN wvDqk. (zfkX-kfbjDt 135ix})
dj§Â lc}sJv dhNq sp, hù bfmLfvD mcndtm ˆ njt ltDt-iamfB W …dÙÁv zihAfJAf
jsv bhczskv dntdntf ufdv svsJ dlsqsY. zfv nkA rsqsY nhGswN bhD -ˆv
HdhNA{-hfBD. k]fv isv iafq 30 ub dmKAf bhczskv lfhDlfv iajfw ifsh. zfhfv kfv
msLA mdrtf bhDW zfsY! Ifïfùt mc²fÀ zfb.
kfvf ±ió zfqfk W rflDnsj zöDjfv jsv zKhf zihAfJAf jsv. kfvf hst,
`Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb mfsb, nhGswN bhD bq. kfv mfsb bhDosBv zÌcvDq. zfÌcstv
ztQjfv spmb zÌcvDq, skmdb mcrf©mfl bhDosBv ztQjfv. dkdb nhGswaô bhD, ksh
k]fv isvW bhD zfsY!'
 264
zfv `tf bfdhqAf hf'lD' mfsb? Wvf hst, kfv mfsb `zfmfv iv sjfb bhD sbƒ' bq.
hvQ kfv ndEj mfsb `zfmfv nfsK sjfb bhD sbƒ.' Wslv msk zfvhD wè `hf'l' mfsb
`nfsK' hf `nsÌ', `isv' bq.
kfv mfsb, mfbh bf, kfƒ Lfbfƒ-ifbfƒ. kfsk zfstmvf `ufsrt' htt skf jD rt?
nvt-nflf mfbcNsj skf hcUfsbf pfsh!
ðsbdY Wslv zsbsj hst,
" n !‫( " א‬٤) {:‫ ن‬S163 V1 H4 \1 "3 : ;
3 ª /3 ‫و‬: 5h34 65 738 :‫ل‬T@ K 8: ‫و‬: 5h4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K ': /3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 :7V3W!> ‫}وא‬
zKGf{, skfmfv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY W skfmfv iCshG pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY,
kfsk pfvf dhÇhfn jsv W ivstfsj pfvf dbdÇyk dhÇhfnD. (hfj¶fvfr } 4)
bf, zfqfsk …dïdJk `zfsJvfk' mfsb ivstfj bq. hvQ kfv mfsb swsNv bhD. kfv
mfsb, `sr mcrf©mfl! skfmfv iadk pf zhkDBG jvf rsqsY W skfmfv iCshG pf zhkDBG jvf
rsqsY, kfsk pfvf dhÇhfn jsv W ivhkGD bhDsk pfvf dbdÇyk dhÇhfnD.' zfv sn rt
dmuGf softfm zfrmfl jfdlqfbD!
zfqfk W rflDsnv ˆƒ swaBDv …¬efif¬ef zKG W zihAfJAf jsv ƒQsvuslv softfm W
mllicó bhD softfm zfrmfl dbsuv bhczk iayfv jsv sosY ˆhQ kfv sytfvf ˆJbW
jsv pfs¤Y. Ifrfnhcbfïfù zdb'mft zjDt.
jk wk jdh, stJj W lfwGdbj zKhf Hcqf bhD W hcpcsoGvf ˆƒ swaBDv zihAfJAf jsv
ƒntfsmv mCt snafkLfvfsj idvhkGsbv iasyófq sjfmsv jfiV sh]sL tfofkfv jfu jsv
pfs¤Y.
sj… htsY, `nftfk' mfsb i]fy zsÙÁ WE-hn jvf bq. nftfk mfsb lczf. lczf
jvsk rsh. iaydtk bfmfp djYc bq.
`pfjfk' mfsb lfb jvf hf zKG hAq jvf bq. pfjfk mfsb msbv idvðÝkf. mbsj
idv°jfv jvsk rsh, zfk¹ðdÝ jvsk rsh.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
~(‫( " א‬٩٩) {1 n3 : !ْ ‫ א‬5h: I3 ْ‚V: bBO : 5h/B: &4 14 ‫א‬:‫}و‬
zKGf{, skfmfv mxkcA …id²¿k rWqf ipG§À kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv ƒhflk jv.
(druXv } 99)
Wslv zsbsj hst, `bf, ˆ kuGmf Hct. ˆv zfnt kuGmf rt, ªskfmfv
ˆjDb …id²¿k rWqf ipG§À kcdm skfmfv iadkiftsjv ƒhflk jv.« zKGf{ zfïfr iadk
`ˆjDb' rsq sost (mfsvIfk sisq sost) zfv ƒhflk jvsk rsh bf!
diaq ifEj! zfidb kfslvsj jD htshb? pfvf sJqft-JcwDv iCufvD rsq sJqft-JcwD
mskf jcvzfb W rflDsnv zKG W hAfJAf jsv. kfslvsjW dj `mcndtm' htsk ifvshb?
ˆmb jcjfà jvfv isvW dj kfvf ƒntfsmv odànDmfq zh²¿fb jvsh? kfvf dj snƒ
ƒqfùlDslv mskf bq, pfslv ubA mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
¨ !5 S:3 ‫א‬: ‫و‬: Šٍ ': 4 81 : 4 ©5 Š4 ': 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬S:4 #
: : ‫و‬: S:4 '3 : :‫! ن‬K nK V: ‫و‬: 3*3 k
3 ‫א‬: 8B 7: :H3J5 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬K M +
: V1 ْ‫وא‬1‫\ د‬: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:78M }
73J!5 ‫و‬: :‫م‬: 6ْ 5 ‫و‬: H4 X1 !> ‫א‬Q 4 ;
: :‫ ن‬J5 !5 :4 ƒK ‫א‬:‫ و‬Š4 ': 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬S:4 ¦5 5 ‫و‬: S:4 '3 : ْ‫! א‬K 65 H4 X1 B5 4 !5 ‫و‬: @7VM&!‫ א‬R3 SQ4 ¦5 ‫و‬: H4 X@ b3 S:3 !ْ 5‚/3
265
S!‫( " א‬٤٦) {ً 365 >?@A :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 5 5 H4 \3 @ Yْ JK /3 1*’ !‫ א‬H1 X1 S:: !>
zKGf{, ƒqfùlDslv djYc stfj (kfWvfskv) hfjAfhtD dhjxk jsv ˆhQ (mcrf©mflsj)
hst, `zfmvf (skfmfv jKf) ðbtfm W zmfbA jvtfm' ˆhQ `swfb! skfmfv jKf spb
swfbf bf rq.' zfv dbsuslv dur¶f jcdÑk jsv ˆhQ LsmGv iadk kfd¤YtA jsv hst,
`vfdqbf'. dj§Â kfvf pdl htk, `ðbtfm W mfbA jvtfm' ˆhQ `swfb W …bpcvbf
(zfmfslv sJqft jv)' ksh kf kfslv ubA …Ùm W ncnÌk rk. dj§Â kfslv
zdhÇhfsnv ubA zfïfr kfslvsj zdHn©ifk jsvsYb. zkˆh, kfslv z¬inQJj
stfjƒ dhÇhfn jvsh. (dbnf } 46)

mrfbhD mfbcsNv ubA ˆjde zbcoar

mrfbhD nfvf dhsw¶v mfbcsNv ubA---dhswN j'sv mc'dmbslv ubA ˆjde zbcora .
mrfb nxdójkGfv i[ sKsj sn zbcora bf rst mfbcN ëó Kfjk, znHA Kfjk, iðv
mskf hhGv Kfjk.
mfbcN nxdójkGfsj dybk bf, dybstW ndEjHfsh k]fv zdLjfv zflfq jvsk ifvk bf
zKhf mboVf iÝdksk kf zflfq jvk, pfsk dkdb n§Âó rskb bf.
mfbcN stbslsbv s[sÛ ncwx£Jt hAh²¿f bf sisq zbAfq, zkAfyfv W sö¤Yfyfdvkfv
dwjfv rskf.
zfyfv-hAhrfv W nc¦lv ydvsÛv náfb sik bf. sJqftJcwDv zfyvsB mfbcN zhÎf W
zdkvÓsbv jhst zfidkk rskf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
1HX1 '1 q : V1 ‫و‬: H4 X@ Pq T: V1 ‫و‬: 3*I3 V: - H4 X@ 4 5 : K b4 V: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 74 8M ?ً 1 : H4 X@ 3 :¢: /: ‫ذ‬4 @A : S3 83 —1'!ْ ‫ א‬5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬B78: &4 n5 !5 }
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٦٤) {ٍ 3 82 ‫ ٍل‬k: R3Y!5 1 4 65 783 ْ‫ א‬1 P5 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5 ': Jْ +
3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ b:J3 !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, zfïfr zhwAƒ dhÇhfnDslv iadk kfslv dbsuslv msLA rsk vnCt siavB j'sv
zbcora jsvsYb. sn (bhD) kfv zfqfkÈdt kfslv dbje zfhxdÙ j'sv kfslvsj
idvðÝ jsv ˆhQ kfslvsj oa§¿ W iaÎf dw[f slq. zfv zhwAƒ kfvf iCshG ±ió
dhëfd§Àsk dYt. (‚st ƒmvfb } 164)
mrfb zfïfr mfbh-lfbhsj k]fv ƒhflskv ubA nxdó jsvsYb. dj§Â mfbcN mCtk} ëó.
kfvf ƒhflskv nmq ufsb bf, ƒhflskv dbqm-iÝdk ufsb bf. kfYfVf lcdbqfv hcsj
hnhfn jvfv wfd§ÀiCBG vDdk-bDdk ufsb bf. kfƒ mrfb iadkiftj zbcora iChj G mfbcsNv
dbje bhD siavB jsvsYb. ˆ bhD mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj mfbcsNv ubA vrmk, ˆ bhD
mfbcsNv ubA zfïfrv i[ sKsj zbcora .
bhDv mfbcN rWqf ˆhQ mfbh-ufdkHcÙÁ rWqfsj mrfb zfïfr ˆjde zbcora drsnsh
hBGbf jsvsYb. zfv hf²Àdhjƒ ˆef ˆjde mrf zbcora . jfvB,
iaKmk} dkdb kf]v ufdkv ²¿fbDq HfNfq zfïfrv ifqofm siZ]Yfsk ifvshb pf hcUf
iaskAj mfbcsNv ubA nru rsh.
däkDqk} ˆjƒ ufdkHcÙÁ rWqfv jfvsB mfbcN kf]v Odbô rsh ˆhQ kf]v jfY sO]nsh.
 266
kxkDqk} mfbcsNv ubA mfbcN rWqfefƒ nh dlj dlsq nmDyDb. sjbbf, mfbcsNv
is[ mfbcsNv zbcnvB jvf n©Hh, dj§Â kfslv is[ dIdvñfslv zbcnvB jvf n©Hh
bq. zbcv™i dIdvñfjct mfbcsNv zfsho W zbcHCdkv oHDvkf W nC[¹kf zbcLfhb
jvsk n[m bb. jfsuƒ iqoìv pdl dIdvñfslv mLA sKsj rskb, kfrst dkdb snƒ
nmCr ÈBfhtD sKsj hdÑk rskb, pf äDsbv lfWqfskv ubA zdk iasqfub. zfv ˆƒ
ubAƒ lcdbqfsk pk bhD ˆsnsYb, kf]vf njstƒ dYstb mfbcN.
ˆv yfƒsk hV zbcora zfv jD rsk ifsv sp, snƒ bhD ˆsn mfbcsNv dbje k]fv
zfqfk ifE jsvb. kfslvsj k]fv djkfh W drjmk hf ncâfr dw[f slb. kfslvsj
ifi-idËtkf W ydvsÛv zfhuGbf sKsj idhÛ W idv¤Yâ jsvb. lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk
L¶Qn rWqf sKsj v[f jsvb. ëó iK sKsj ndvsq ˆsb n{isKv idKj jsvb. Ist
nxdójkGf W iftbjkGf n§Âó rb ˆhQ kfslvsj ufrfâfsmv wfd²À sKsj mcdÙÁ dlsq
ufâfskv dyv wfd§À lfb jsvb.
vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
:5 ‫و‬: X: S4 : B7X1 /21WV: : \1 ‫و‬: X: 3 :74 n5 V: 1‫אش‬: Y5 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1$3‫ د‬S:~
: !ْ ‫ א‬: : ~
: 5 ‫א‬Q : :&65 ‫و‬4 5 ٍ L
1 : @ „:': P5 H4 JK K „:8: ‫و‬: 3„:8: »
.« x3&V: 74 83 :‫ ن‬b1> Y5 I: H4 b14 5 ‫و‬: @ SB!‫@ א‬7: H4 PK T@ ~
:+1 /3 W< ;
3-
ªzfmfv W skfmfslv …lfrvB ‰ hAdÙÁv mk sp zfÈb iaÏd¶ tk jvt. zk}iv
kfsk …¤ycÌ W ikÌ iVsk zfvý jvt, zfv sn hAdÙÁ kf rsk kfslvsj hfLf dlsk
tfot. zfdmW skfmfslv sjfmv Lsv skfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv zfÈb sKsj hf]yfd¤Y, zfv
skfmvf zfmfv rfk sKsj Ycse dosq (ufrfâfsmv zfÈsb) idkk r¤Y.« (hcJfvD 6483,
mcndtm 6098bQ)
mrfbhD mfbcNsj jcIvD, dwjG, mcbfdIjD, dhlzfk, zw½Dtkf, zbAfq-zkAfyfv W
pfhkDq ififyvB sKsj dhvk svsJsYb, dhvk Kfjsk hstsYb. zbcv™i ufrfâfm
sKsjW lCsv svsJsYb, lCsv Kfjsk hstsYb. dbsm´fÙÁ zfqfskv ˆjde zsKG kfƒ htf
rsqsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‚ " (٢٨) {:‫' ن‬1 5 4 V: !5 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: „:Pْ 5 B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q•f3 /: @‫ س‬SB !q ً > P5 !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfdm skf skfmfsj mfbhufdkv ubA ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvD
iadksvfLjv™si siavB jsvdY; dj§Â zdLjfQw mfbcN kf ufsb bf. (nfhf' } 28)

k]fv zfsJAq bfm W ÈBfhtD

mrfbhD -ˆv sp ncdhwft hAdÙÁk¶, ncdhwft hùmcJD uDhb, zbcim ³hdwóAmdàk
ydvÛ, k]fv uDhsbv sp ƒrstZdjj, ifvstZdjj, yfdvdÛj W zfLAfdk¹j dlj, kfv nhef
zfqÙ jvf njstv ubA n©Hh bq. dkdb dYstb msbfvm dwð, wf§À-dwó W öHfh-
nc¦lv djswfv, zflwG smNv[j, ydvÛhfb W zflwGhfb pchj, dwó-ncwDt, zkA§À
tÏfwDt, ³LpGwDt, zkA§À zfk¹-mpGflfn©iâ, zmfdqj mLcv nlftfiD, dmkHfND,
dhbma, dhbqD, bAfq W nskAv jfsY bma ˆhQ zbAfq W hfdkstv jfsY jsEfv, n{ W mr{
mfbcN, nkAhflD W dhw¶²À W dbHGvspfoA zfmfbklfv, zflwG öfmD, zflwG nQnfvD, zflwG
267
w¶ðv, zflwG Hfƒ, zflwGivfqB ncicÛ, …Ùm dikf, swaô iadkshwD, zflwG mchfdïo hf
ncsjZwtD LmGiya fvj, lcdbqfv nhG²sÀ vv W nhGswaBDv mfbcsNv ubA drlfqfskv u¶t§À
Hfõv, dhuqD dnifrXnftfv, hDv spfÝf, dbdHGjdyÙ, znDm nfrnD, `zfshl' W
kfiniahv, dpjXvjfvD, ðjXvjfvD, jxkÎ, vfóº-dhÎfbD W nIt vfubDdkdhl, nmfu-
dhÎfbD, ovDh-lvlD, lc}JDv nfKD, nQshlbwDt, lqfûGdyÙ, isvfijfvD, zkctbDq
lfbwDt, …lfv, mrfbcHh W iaw²À-r™lq, bAfq-dbôfhfb nmafe, dbvsi[ dhyfvidk,
dhNq-dhvfoD, kctbfrDb zflwG hAhnfqD, buDvrDb dw[fÈv¢, nlftfiD, nÌD-nfKDslv
nsÌ vdnjkf-diaq, pco-nQõfvj, sHNudhl W ncdydj{nj, njt nlXÈsBv ÈBfLfv,
mrfmfbh, dhw¶bhD, mrfbhD, uolXÈv¢, dhw¶ub-sbkf, lcƒ ufrfsbv nlGfv, zfïfrv diaq
rfhDh, njt nxdóv snvf. dkdb Jfƒv¢ Jftdj¶ïfr.
dkdb zfIpftct zfdìqf, zfwvfIct mcvnftDb, bhDjct dwsvfmdB, nhGswaô bhD,
Jfkfmcb bfdhqADb, nhGswN bhD. dkdb ƒmfmct zfdìqf, ƒnvfv vfsk bhDosBv ƒmfmdk
jsvsYb.
dkdb nfƒdqAlct jfWbfƒb, nfƒdqAlct hfwfv, nfƒdqAlct zfWqftDb zt-zfdJvDb.
dkdb zfècïfr, dkdb vfnCtcïfr, bfdhqcAïfr, JftDtcïfr.
nhGiaKm dkdb jhv sKsj icbv¢dÚk rshb.
dkdb nfsrhct mfj¶fdmt mfrmCl.
dkdb nhGiaKm wfIfzfkjfvD ˆhQ nhGiaKm k]fv wfIfzfk jhct rsh. dkdb wfID…t
mcpdbhDb.
dkdb nfsrhct rfWdpt mfWv™l } rfWsp jfWNfsvv zdLidk.
dkdb zfn-n¶fsljct
¶ mfn¶XlCj¶ } dkdb nkAhflD W k]fv jKfsjW nhfƒ nkA hst mfsb.
nfsrhct mc'dupfk } mrfb zfïfr k]fsj hù mc'dupf dlsq nmxÝ jsvsYb. mrfbhD -
ˆv nkAkf W bhczk iamfsBv ubA mrfb zfïfr k]fv mfsU djYc zstZdjj wdÙÁ,
zdkiafjxk dblwGb W zSbndoGj jmGfhtD iajfw jsvdYstb. kfv djYc dbm´v™i }-
1. jcvzfb jfvDm } jcvzfb nhGhrx { dyv§Àb mc'dupf. mrfb zfïfr ˆƒ nfdrkAoa§¿
dlsq zfvshv zfvhD nfdrdkAjslvsj yAfstÓ jsvdYstb. dj§Â k]fvf sj…ƒ zbcv™i
ˆjde nCvf hf zfqfkW vybf jvsk n[m rqdb. zfv mrfbhD dbsu dYstb dbv[v.
sjfb mfbcN k]fv dw[j dYt bf.
2. y¦û däJdàk rWqf } mrfbhD -ˆv zfÌcstv ƒwfvfq y¦û däJdàk rsqdYt
ˆhQ jcvfƒw kf nys[ lwGbW jsvdYt.
3. bq wk stfsjv ³nbAltsj jkjÈdt sJucv Hvsie JfƒsqW idvswsN kf sh]sy
dosqdYt.
4. mrfbhD -ˆv zfÌctnmCsrv mLA rsk ifdbv Uvbf iahfdrk rsqdYt. snƒ ifdb
snbfhfdrbDv nhfƒ ifb jsvdYstb.
5. wÛ¢is[v ³nsbAv …iv dkdb ˆj mcsEf Lcstf dYdesq dlst njstv syfsJ kf si]ZsY
dosqdYt.
6. sp sJucsvv È]dVv …iv l]fdVsq dkdb Jckhf dlskb, dmìv hfbfhfv iv kf kAfo
 268
jvst …sev mk kfv jfâfv wè swfbf dosqdYt.
7. ofsYv Fft Lsv efb dlst ilGfv ubA ofY kfv nsÌ ystdYt.
8. (zfïfrv kvI sKsj) dkdb hù ofqhD Jhv ˆhQ HdhNAäfBD jsv sosYb, pf dEj
dEj Hfsh OsesY, OesY W Oesh.
9. mrfbhD -ˆv n©mcJ²¿ Jfhfsvv knhDr swfbf sosY.
10. k]fv nkAkfv nfd[ dlsk r²Àmcdósk jËv knhDr isVdYt.
11. dkdb ˆj vfsk ƒnvf' W dm'vfu ëmsB dosqdYstb.
12. Jfqhfv ifEfhfv dlb zftD -ˆv sbÛlfsr k]fv syfsJ mrfbhD KcKc tfdosq
dlst nfsK nfsK Hfstf rsq dosqdYt ˆhQ kfviv zfv sjfb dlb k]fv ‰ svfo slJf
slqdb.

k]fv iawQnfq jdkiq jdhkf

k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth k]fv ˆjde hf²Àh-dyÛ jdhkfq ˆ]sjdYstb,
. 8‫' !¸ א‬# R8 b !‫ ل א‬¹ .... *XL / ‫ א!“' م‬n b V m / ‫و‬
zKGf{, dkdb soZvhBG, k]fv syrfvf äfvf hxdó iafKGbf jvf rsq Kfsj. dkdb zbfKslv
zfwaq²¿t ˆhQ dhLhfslv v[Bfsh[BjfvD. (zfrmfl 5673, hcJfvD 1008-1009, ƒhsb mfufr 1272bQ)
k]fv yfyf zfhC kfsth k]fv bhczskv lwm hYsv mcndtm bf rsqƒ mfvf pfb. dj§Â dkdb
k]fv zfyvsB mcÊ dYstb. kfƒ lcwmbslv rfk sKsj dkdb k]fsj dbvfisl svsJdYstb.
mrfbhD zbfK-ˆkDmslv slJfswfbf jvskb, kfslv ifbfrfsvv hAh²¿f jvskb.
öfmDrfvf dhLhfslv kÙ¶fhLfb jvskb, kfslvsj pctcm W jó sKsj v[f jvskb.
zbfhxdó slJf dlst stfsjvf k]fsj znDtf hfdbsq lczf jsv hxdó iafKGbf jvk. dkdb
lczf jvst hxdó hNGB rskf. zfv ˆ nh dYt k]fv uDhÜwfq. ƒd§Àjfstv iv dkdb jfsvf
zfwa²¿t W v[fjkGf bb. k]fv znDtfq lczfW jvf ³hL bq. hvQ k]fv ‰ njt ncâfrv
zbcnvB jvf dhsLq.
nfrfhD jdh rfnXnfb dhb nfshk k]fv iawQnfq hstsYb,
1&X: f4 V: ‫ و‬1i K V: ‫ <د‬X1 f4 8: 3*> !‫ א‬:783 .... H< I: ;
: 3 "B 1S2 !3 3*4 5 : ،2 ©5
1&X: 4 1‫ن‬M‫—ذ‬K ‫'•@ א‬4 Ã
5 ‫ | א‬:‫ ل‬65 ‫ذא‬A .... 3*{‫ א‬ÄA µ´S!‫ א‬:H ‫ א‬1*!z‫ א‬BHk‫و‬
1&'B ` ‫א‬W\‫ و‬،<‫و א! ش@ `' د‬W .... 1* ~ ! 3*{‫@ א‬78 1*! µZ ‫و‬
1& I @‫ ن@ | א ض‬‰‫ وא و‬،@ !‫ א‬:78 ....N ": b4 5 ‫و‬: ‫س‬
ٍ ‚:V :&4 /: : I: À´:
1&SBX: K ‫ א‬1 n3 #
µ !‫ א‬:i? 'P 1i K V: .... ً V3‫\ د‬: ‫و‬: ‫•ًא‬S:b4 81 ً L‫א‬: 3 : 84 ‚5
1&'Ç 5% ،:‫ م‬z‫ א‬S' ‫ و‬.... ً SL : f/‫ و‬،ً‫א‬ W ‫و‬
zKGf{, k]fv slsrv …iv bhczskv smfrv nmcÏt ¶ . zfïfrv i[ sKsj nf[A, pf
ymjfs¤Y W nfd[ dls¤Y.
mf'hCl (zfïfr) bhDv bfmsj dbsuv bfsmv nfsK dmdtsq dbsqsYb. pJb mczfpXdpb
269
i]fy WqfsÙÁ `zfwrflc (zfâf mcrf©mflfv vfnCtcïfr)' hst.
mpGflf hLGsbv ubA dbsuv bfm sKsj k]fv bfm …ßfhb jsvsYb. kfƒ zfvw-Wqftf
`mfrmCl', zfv ƒdb rstb `mcrf©mfl'.
dbvfwf W vnCtosBv zfomb há Kfjfv iv zfmfslv dbje bhD ˆsnsYb, pJb
ixdKhDsk iadkmfv iCuf rd¤Yt.
dkdb rstb …϶t ialDi W iKialwGj. UjXmsj HfvkDq kvhfdvv mskf UjXmj
jvsYb.
dkdb zfmfslvsj ufrfâfsmv hAfifsv nkjG jsvsYb, ufâfskv ncnQhfl dlsqsYb
ˆhQ ƒntfm dw[f dlsqsYb. nckvfQ zfmvf zfïfrv iawQnf jdv.
jdh rfnXnfb zfsvf hstsYb,
fI 'P 9n ; h ‚P d P 7 ً ¡8 9n3; 1
S!‫ & א‬I º hS8 7 O ‫و‬ •6 I º hS8 ) ‫و‬
zKGf{, zfidb iaskAj Û¢de sKsj idhÛv™si nxdó rsqsYb. spb zfidb dbsuv
ƒ¤Yfmskf v™i dbsq nxdó rsqsYb.
zfibfv sKsj zdLj nc¦lv sjfb y[c lwGb jsvdb. zfv zfibfv sKsj zdLj swaô
(n§Àfb) bfvDvf u¦m slqdb.
…mfv dhb JfÙfh k]fv hAfifsv jdh pcrfƒsvv ˆƒ jdhkfYÛ zfhxdÙ jvskb,
& !‫ ! א‬R ‫ א‬9SP ** f !‫ א‬x R 78 9SP !
zKGf{, zfidb pdl mfbcN YfVf zbA sjfb h²Â rskb, kfrst zfidbƒ iCdBGmfv vfdÛsj
zfstfdjk jvskb.
zbA ˆj jdh k]fv iawQnfq hstsYb,
1‫ م‬V ‫ א‬h8‫&و‬n/ U f b ‫ وא‬.... x&Ê‫ א‬H5 V %‫ א‬h ,
1‫ م‬6 ‫ א‬h„V&Ë 9SV‫ وאز‬.... X6‫ א‬78 i‫ א وא‬h! 9Yb\
zKGf{, zfïfr zfibfv iadk jv¢Bf hNGB jv¢b sr drlfqfk-sjkb! zfibfv
zfomsb pco ncnQhfl sisqsY.
zfk¹fnmCr zfjct zfjf£[fq zfibfv ubA ÈBjDkGb jsvsY ˆhQ zfibfv jKf
dbsq jtmnmCr snZ¦lpGmdàk rsqsY.
ˆj hfÌftD jdh hstsYb,
`hsuav L¶bD dYt sn zKhf dYt sn nWsk rflD,
dlt sn j]fifsq zfvshv mfde vnCt nkAhflD.
ufofstf sn ˆj bkcb to´ njstv z§Àsv,
ufofsq sot sn ubkfsj dyv-ncdåv iaf§Àsv.
nfVf isV sot yfdvdlsj ˆƒ nskAv iqofsm,
rt mcJdvk dodv-iaf§Àv dyv nskAv bfsm.'
swJ nf'lD k]fv ˆj jdhkfq mrfbhD -ˆv iawQnfq dtsJsYb,
 270
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*!-‫ א * و‬, .... *! #; Š ) 9S O
zKGf{, dkdb dbu idviCBk G fv nfsK …¤ykfq si]ZsYsYb. k]fv snZ¦lspG zájfv lCvDHCk
rsqsY.
k]fv njt zfyvB dYt nc¦lv. k]fv iadk W k]fv hQwLsvv iadk lv™l iV.
mfbdhj idviCBk G fv …¤y dwJsv dkdb …âDk dYstb. k]fv zfHA§ÀvDB W yfdvdÛj
snZ¦lspGv Ist jcIvD W ififyfdvkfv zájfv lCvDHCk rsqsY.
hfdrAj snZ¦lspGv zfdkwspAv jfvsB zkcAdÙÁ jsv htf rq, k]fv mcJmàstv ŠÏ¶stA
zájfv lCvDHCk rskf. mrfb zfïfr k]fsj `u¶t§À ialDi' hstsYb. (zfrpfh } 46)
nfrfhfoBW k]fv syrfvfsj `nCpG W iCdBGmfv y]fl' hstsYb. (mcndtm 6230bQ) dj§Â kf
hf²Àsh bq, v™ij W zftËfdvj zsKG.
zfv k]fv njt ydvÛ sp ncydvÛ ˆhQ njt zfyvB sp nc¦lv, kfsk sjfb ns¦lrƒ
sbƒ. n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv hAfifsv zdkvÓb

Hfstfhfnf W HdÙÁv zfdkwspA mfbcN kfv diaqifÛsj dbsq hV zdkvÓb jsv Kfsj.
Hfstfhfnfv zfshso isV znc¦lvDsjW dhw¶nc¦lvD tfso.
zfmfslv mrfbhD -ˆv sp ÈBfhtD dYt, sn ÈBfhtDv …isvW k]fv zsbj HÙÁ
hfVfhfdV jsv Kfsj.
ˆ jKf zhwAƒ nkA W ncdbdÇyk sp, k]fv zdkiafjxk hù dhNq dYt, mrfb zfïfrv
i[ sKsj zstZdjj hù jmG W ÈB dYt. kfv msLA pf nrDr ltDt äfvf iamfdBk,
jcvzfbD zfqfskv ±ió …dÙÁ zKhf nrDr rflDsnv ö¤Y hBGbfq …dïdJk, kf smsb
sbWqf iaskAj mcndtsmv ubA Wqfsuh.
dEj kfv dhivDk pf iamfdBk bq, pf sjht zdkHdÙÁv zfshso zbcmfsb dtdJk, kf
sjht vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ÈBfhtD hstƒ zsáv mskf dhw¶fn jvf ³hL bq. spsrkc kf
zfjDlfok dhNq. zfv zfjDlfv dhNsq uft rflDn skf lCsvv jKf, sjfb pqDI
rflDnsjW dHdÙ jvf pfsh bf. iv§Â zsbj jKf ˆmb zfsY, spÈdt sjfb rflDsnv
djkfshƒ sbƒ; hvQ sjfb mDtflD nCIDslv djkfsh zfsY, kfv rfWqftfq ˆ nh jKfq
dhw¶fn ²¿fib jvst mrfbhD -ˆv hAfifsv zdkvÓb jvf rq, pf mCtk} dbdNÝ.
zfbfn hstb, ˆjlf djYc stfj htt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! sr zfmfslv nhGswaô
hAdÙÁ! sr zfmfslv nhGswaô hAdÙÁv icÛ! sr zfmfslv nlGfv! sr zfmfslv nlGfsvv icÛ!'
ˆ nh ðsb vfnCtïc fr htstb,
8: 3*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬3&4 : 17/4 1&'B +
: 81 :5 ،1‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬H4 JK SBV: @ X4 b:4 V: !5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !34 n5 /3 ‫! א‬K 6K 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: )
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3K
zKGf{, sr stfj njt! skfmvf skfmfslv jKf ht. zfv zhwAƒ spb wqkfb
271
skfmfslvsj dhëf§À bf jsv. zfdm zfècïfrv icÛ mcrf©mfl ˆhQ zfïfrv vnCt. zfïfrv
jnm! zfdm iY¦l jdv bf sp, skfmvf zfmfsj snƒ ²¿fsbv †sL¶G …sÙftb jv, sp ²¿fsb
zfïfr zfpXpf zufï zfmfsj …sÙftb jsvsYb. (zfrmfl 13529, dn} nrDrfr 1097bQ)
zfècïfr dhb dwJXJDv hstb, ˆjlf zfdm hfbC zfsmsvv iadkdbdL lstv nfsK
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv dbje sotfm. zfmvf k]fsj httfm, `zfidb zfmfslv nfƒsql
(iaHc).' dkdb htstb, ªnfƒsql rstb zfïfr kfhfvfjf zkfzftf.« zfmvf httfm,
`mpGflfq zfmfslv nhGswaô ˆhQ lfbwDtkf W swZspG zfmfslv nhfv hV.' ˆ jKf ðsb
dkdb htstb,
.« 1‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬1HJK SBV: @ ~
4 b:4 V: 5?‫و‬: H4 JK !34 65 @m4 /: ‫و‬4 5 H4 JK !34 n5 /3 ‫! א‬K 6K »
zKGf{, skfmvf skfmfslv jKf ht zKhf skfmfslv djYc jKf ht. zfv wqkfb spb
zhwAƒ skfmfslvsj lc}nfrdnj hfdbsq bf slq. (zfhC lf†l 4808bQ)
`iaHc' ƒkAfdl n©mfbnCyj wè ifdKGh uoskv vfuf-sbkf-mfdtjslv s[sÛ hAhrfv
rsq Kfsj. snƒ drnfsh k]fvf sHshdYstb bhczskv hAfifsvW k]fsj `iaHc' htf pfsh.
mrfbhD k]fslv Hct sHsÌ dlsq htstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv jKf ht.« zKGf{,
skfmvf skfmfslv äDb W dmïskv jKf ht ˆhQ zfmfsj `bhD' W `vnCt' hst Ffsjf.
spmb zfïfr zfmfv bfm dbsq k]fv djkfsh (iafq 13 ufqofq) `sr bhD!' hst
sFsjsYb. ˆhQ (iafq 2 ufqofq) `sr vnCt!' hst sFsjsYb. zfv zfmfsj `nfƒsql'
(iaHc) hst sFsjf bf, spmb skfmvf skfmfslv ifdKGh sbkf-nlGfvslvsj sFsj Kfsjf.
zfmfsj kfslv mskf hfdbsq dlsqf bf. zfdm kfslv jfsvf mskf bƒ. spsrkc kfvf ifdKGh
jfvsB iaHk c ¶ dh²Àfv j'sv Kfsj. zfv zfdm skf bhczk W dvnftskv jfvsB skfmfslv
n©mfb tfH j'sv Kfdj. zkˆh skfmvf zfmfsj `bhD' W `vnCt' hstƒ nsìfLb jsvf.
(mfzfdtmcn ncbfb, JfÙ¶fhD 5/155)
nfrfhfosBv …ÙÁ nsìfLsb bhD -ˆv iawQnfq zdkvÓb dYt. kfƒ dkdb nfsK nfsK
k]fslvsj zbcv™i iawQnf jvsk dbsNL jvstb ˆhQ ˆ dhNsqW nkjG jvstb sp,
wqkfb rqskf ˆƒ lvuf dlsq iashw jsv mfbcsNv „mfb bó jsv YfVsh. Ist kfvf
rqskf mfÛfdkdvÙÁ iawQnfq ˆmb bfm dlsq hnsh, pf ˆjmfÛ mrfb zfïfrv ubA
swfHbDq. kfƒ dkdb snƒ lvuf há j'sv dlstb.
ˆƒ syfvf lvuf há jvfv ts[A dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
.«1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 3%‫ א‬1&4 : :‫! א‬K nK 5 ،<&4 : :5 ': B@‘5 ،:HV: 4 8: :7/4 ‫ א‬: 3 x: # : SB!‫ א‬U 4 : ¦ْ 5 ': P5 R3 ‫و‬1 Œْ I1 ?»
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ƒhsb mfvqAfmsj dbsq jsvsY. zfdm skf zfïfv lfn mfÛ. zkˆh skfmvf zfmfsj
`zfïfrv lfn' W `k]fv vnCt'ƒ hstf.« (hcJfvD 3445, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4897 bQ)
dj§Â zkDh lc}sJv dhNq sp, …©mfrv hù mfbcN sn nkjGhfBDsj …si[f j'sv k]fv
iawQnfq hfVfhfdVƒ jsvsY ˆhQ kfsk kfvf zbfqfsn ‰ dJa±efbslvƒ iK zhtìb
jsvsY. kfv Ist mrfbhD -ˆv HdhNA{ hfBD nkA rsq sosY. dkdb hstdYstb,
.(H4 \1 '1 b14 3 I: d
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 272
ªzhwAƒ skfmvf skfmfslv iChhG kGD ufdkv iK zbcnvB jvsh dhOk-dhOk ˆhQ
rfk-rfk (nm) idvmfB. ˆmbdj kfvf pdl sof-nfsiv (nfàf)v oskG iashw jsv,
kfrst skfmvfW kfslv diYsb diYsb pfsh. (ˆhQ kfslv sj… pdl vf²Àfv …iv
iajfswA nÌm jsv, kfrst skfmvfW kf jvsh!)«
nfrfhfoB htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb dj ƒqfùl W bfnfvfv zbcjvB jvfv
jKf htsYb?' dkdb htstb, ªksh zfhfv jfv?« (hcJfvD 7320, mcndtm 2669, rfsjm,
zfrmfl, nrDùt ufsm' 5067 bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªiChhG kGD ufdkv njt zfyvB ˆƒ …©mk oarB jsv sbsh.«
(nrDùt ufsm' 7219 bQ)
mDtflDslv ƒmfm hCsn¶vD hstsYb,
HJbO‫ * وא‬O&8 9^ É HJO‫ وא‬... HX | x #S!‫* א‬b ‫ אد‬8 ‫دع‬
Hƒ 78 9^ 8 • &6 ÄA d ‫ وא‬... 78 9^ 8 *I‫ ذא‬ÄA d
HY/ Z¦ *S $ &O ... *! • ! %‫ل א‬ ‫‘ن‬
zKGf{, dJa±efbvf kfslv bhDv iawQnfq pf hstdYt, kcdm kf idvrfv jv. ˆ YfVf k]fv
iawQnfq skfmfv pf ƒs¤Y rq, kfƒ ht ˆhQ kfsk zet Kfj!
kcdm k]fv hAdÙÁsk¶v iadk skfmfv ƒ¤Yfmskf mpGflf n©ixÙÁ jv ˆhQ k]fv soZvsh
skfmfv ƒ¤Yfmskf mrÙ¶ zfsvfi jv.
spsrkc vfnCtïc frv mfrfsk¹Av sjfb nDmf sbƒ, pf sjfb hÙÁf mcJ dlsq iajfw jvsk
ifsv.
mDtflDslv …sÜwA rt, dJa±efbvf „nf -sj dbsq sjht ˆjde dhNsq hfVfhfdV
jsvdYt. zfv kf rt, kfvf k]fsj `zfïfrv icÛ' hstdYt. nckvfQ kcdm skfmfv bhD
-sj `zfïfrv icÛ' htsh bf. k]fsj bhDƒ htsh. ˆ YfVf iawQnfq zbA vjm mfÛf
YfdVsq hfVfhfdV kcdm ƒ¤Yfmskf jvsk ifv, dbu msbfmskf nDmftQOb j'sv k]fv
pwjDkGb jvsk ifv, pk ifv, kk k]fv ÈBofb ofƒsk ifv! bhD -sj `zfïfrv
shef' hstf bf. hfnX ˆefƒ dbdNÝ. zbA djYc htsk skfmfv öfLDbkf zfsY!
zfmvf hdt, hfsu jKf ˆef, Hct hcU ˆef. nkA, hf²Àh W wvDqsk iamfdBk mpGflf, pw
W ÈBfhtD YfVf k]fv wfsb zbA djYc dbsuv kvI sKsj hfdbsq htf pfsh bf. jfvB
nDmfYfVf W hábrfvf ‰ jDkGsb ˆmb jDdkG Kfjsk ifsv, pfsk dwjG rsq pfsh ˆhQ
ˆmb ÈBfhtD zfsvfi rsk ifsv, pfv zdLjfvD sjht mrfb zfïfrƒ. zKhf ˆmb hBGbf
zfnsk ifsv, pfsk mrfb iadkiftsjv nmj[kf iajfw ifq.
nckvfQ zfmvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv ƒ¤Yfmskf iawQnf jvsk ifdv bf, zfïfr W k]fv
vnCstv hAfifsv ƒ¤Yfmskf zfjDlf, dhw¶fn W LfvBf vfJsk ifdv bf. wvDqskv tfofm
Jcst sIst htXofrDb j¬ibf-dhrfv jvsk ifdv bf.
…ÙÁ rflDsnv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, dJa±efbvf bhDsj zfïfrv zfvw-nÌD hstdb, zkˆh
zfmfslv htf ytsh. dJa±efbvf `dhbf zfqsbv zfvh' W `dhbf mDsmv zfrmfl'ˆv mskf
sjfb jKf hstdb, zkˆh zfmfslv htf ytsh. dJa±efbvf kfslv bhDsj `dhiÙfvB'
273
hstdb, zkˆh zfmfslv htf ytsh.
smfseƒ bf. rflDsn hdBGk `ƒk¶vf' mfsbƒ rt jfsvf iawQnfq nDmftQOb jvf. zfv
`nDmf' rt wvDqk. wvDqskv iadkjCt djYc hst iawQnf jvfƒ rt `ƒk¶vf' hf nDmfYfVf
iawQnf.
jdh hCsn¶vD, p]fsj mcndtmslv ˆjde hxr{ nQJAj sofôD nDmfrDb waÝf jsv `ƒmfm'
msb jsv ˆhQ mrfbhD -ˆv iawQnfq zdkvÓb j'sv k]fv dtdJk `hclfG r' bfmj
jdhkfȤY dbsq ncv H]fsu, kf ±iwG W ifE jsv hjGk W nWqfshv zfwf jsv, mDtfslv
mrdIt W uftnf-utcsn zfshofi½ck rsq zfhxdÙ jsv, ˆ jfusj kfvf zfïfrv
³bjeAlfkf LfvBf jsv ˆhQ bhD-iaDdkv iajóx idvyq msb jsv, snƒ jdhv LfvBf rt,
mrfbhD -sj `zfïfrv n§Àfb' bf hst ƒ¤Yfmskf zbA djYc hst k]fv zdk iawQnf jvf
pfq, pdlW kfv sjfb iamfB wvDqsk bf Kfsj zKhf kfv ltDt lcht G , bjt hf uft rq.
zKy ˆmb LfvBf ±ió ëókf ˆhQ …ÙÁ rflDn dhsvfLD.
…ÙÁ rflDsn nfLfvBHfsh iawQnfq zdkvÓb jvsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY. zfv
zdkvÓsbv yvm nDmf rt nxdósj naóf hf naófv sjfb zQw d²¿v jvf.
mrfbhD k]fv iawQnfv nDmfW dbLGfvB jsv dlsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb, ªskfmvf
zfmfsj `zfïfrv lfn' W `k]fv vnCt'ƒ hstf.«
dbÇyq kf nc…¤y iawQnf, sp iawQnf öqQ iadkiftj jsvsYb. mrfb zfïfr k]fsj
`vnCt' W `lfn' hstsYb. kfv isvW dj ˆmb sjfb iawQnf Kfjsk ifsv, pf wvDqskv
zbcjCt bq? kfv isvW dj ˆmb iawQnf jvf ³hL rsk ifsv, sp iawQnfv zdLjfvD
sjht mrfb zfïfr?
spmb k]fsj `dhiÙfvB' hf `dhisl zfwaq²¿t' LfvBf jvf dj zfïfrv zfnsb hdnsq
slWqf bq?
mDtflDslv ƒmfm hCsn¶vD hstsYb, pf kfvf kfslv mDtfl zbcôfsb zfhxdÙ jsv Kfsj,
@H'3 : !‫ א‬3 3‫ ل@ א( د‬O
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zhdrkW bq. (‚rXjf¶ I } 5)
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sjfb zQwW sbƒ ˆhQ Wslv sj… zfïfrv jfsu nfrfpAjfvDW bq.' (nfhf' } 22)
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 276
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skfmvf pf sofib jv W skfmvf pf iajfw jv ˆhQ zfïfr z§ÀpfG mD. (kfofhcb } 4)
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ˆhQ mlDbfhfnDslv msLA rskW jdkiq stfj ˆmb mcbfdIj¶ vsqsY; pfvf mcbfdIj¶Dsk
zet. kcdm kfslvsj ufb bf, zfdm kfslvsj ufdb. zfdm kfslvsj däÈB wfd²À ialfb
jvh, zk}iv (ivjfstW) kfvf mrf wfd²Àv dlsj iakAfhdkGk G rsh. (kfWhfr } 101)
ˆjlt stfj k]fsj Hct hcdUsq ˆj ƒqfùlDsj syfv hfbfsk sysqdYt. kfvf sp
dhw¶fnOfkj kf dkdb ufbsk bf sisv kfslv nis[ jKf hstdYstb. mrfb zfïfr
k]fsj htstb,
S!‫( א‬١٠٧) { 'Q ‰3 5 Q‫א‬B ;: :‫ ن‬P5 7:8 2d+ 3 V1 5? :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 X1 : YK 5 :‫ ن‬1 b:ž4 V: :7V3W!> ‫@ א‬7: ‫ل‬4 3‫~ د‬ : I1 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kcdm kfslv is[ jKf hstf bf, pfvf dbsuslv iadk dhÇhfnOfkjkf jsv.
dbÇyq zfïfr dhÇhfnOfkj ifdiôsj Hfthfsnb bf. (dbnf } 107)
zfv msbv Jhv ufbskb bf, zrD bf rst ufbsk ifsvb bf hstƒ mrfbhD
hstdYstb,
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ªzfdm skf ˆjub mfbcN. zfv skfmvf (dhhfl jsv) Ifqnftfv ubA zfmfv dbje
zfsnf. rqskf skfmfslv sj… sj… zsbAv kctbfq zdLj hfjXiec. zfv zfdm kfv
jKfv dHdÙsk kfv is[ Ifqnftf jdv. nckvfQ zfdm pdl jf…sj kfv (mcndtm)
Hfƒsqv rj kfv ubA Ifqnftf jsv dlƒ, kfrst zfnst zfdm kfv ubA zfÈsbv
ecjvf sjse dlƒ.« (hcJfvD 2458, mcndtm 4572bQ)
htf hfùtA, bhDv `z§ÀpfG mD' rWqf bhczskv idviCvj sjfb dhNq bq. hvQ z§ÀpfG mD
rWqf ˆjmfÛ mrfb zfïfrv ³hdwóA. zfv ˆƒ ³hdwsóA sp k]fsj wvDj jsv, kfv dwjG
W nhsysq hV sofbfr rq.
zfmfslv jdh buv¢tW ˆƒ swaBDv dwjGD jdhkf vsy sosYb.
zfhrfqfskv ifdb lfW, mdv diifnfq.
wvB dbtfm bdhduv smfhfvj ifq.
dHJfvDsv dIvfsh dj wCbA rfsk,
lqfv nfov kcdm sp mv¢ nfrfvfq.. -buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 5 bQ
*****
skfmfq sist ifh sJflfq ---
kfƒ wvB pfdy skfmfdv ifq. -buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 10 bQ
hcUskƒ ifvsYb, bdhuDv smfhfvj ifsqv wvB (zfwaq) sbWqf ˆhQ k]fv jfsY dH[f
yfWqf lcsefƒ dwjG.
dkdb lqfv nfov dYstb dEjƒ. dj§Â k]fv dksvfLfsbv iv k]fv dbje lqf dH[f jvf pfq
279
bf. ˆƒ wvB W lqf dH[f ˆjmfÛ jvsk rsh zfïfrv jfsY.
*****
`zfmfv LAfsbv Ydh zfmfv ruvk
W bfm iafsBv dmefq diqfnf
zfmfv kmâf zfmfv zfwf,
zfmfv soZvh zfmfv Hvnf.' -buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 7 bQ
`ƒqf mcrf©mfl, shsrwXk rsk
sJflfq ifWqfv iK slJfW.
ˆƒ lcdbqfv lc}J sKsj
ˆhfv zfmfq bfufk lfW.' -buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 41 bQ
ˆ jdh skf k]fv jbAf Ifskmf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)sjW ifibfdwbD msb jsvb.
`Jfkcsb ufâfk Ifskmf ubbD
dhÇh-lctftD bhD bd¦lbD.
mlDbf-hfdnbD ifi-kfi bfdwbD.
…©mk kfdvBD zfbd¦lbD.' -buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 75 bQ
nckvfQ jdhslv zbcnvB jsv ëó rWqf sKsj zfïfr zfmfslvsj v[f jv¢b. spsrkc
sjht ëóvfƒ jdhslv zbcnvB jsv Kfsj.
mrfbhD -ˆv iawQnfq zdkvÓbjfvD jdh hCsn¶vD zfsvf hstsYb,
@H8: M !‫ א‬:‫ دא @س‬: &1V O 1*{
1 ‫ א‬O ... ً ': ƒ5 3 1*I1 V- 1•: &4 65 9
4 :: !
zKGf{, pdl k]fv zstZdjj dblwGbfhtD mrsÙ¶ k]fv mpGflfv …ipcÙÁ rskf, kfrst
k]fv bfm Ffjf rst mfdesk idvBk rfdÖW uDdhk jsv dlk!
ifEj zbcmfb jvsk ifsvb, jdhkfv Ys¦l zdkvdÓk iawQnfv jKf. zfmfslv ufbf
zfsY sp, jcvzfb jfvDm k]fv zstZdjj dblwGbfhtDv zbAkm. kfrst dj kf k]fv
mpGflfv mrsÙ¶v …ipcÙÁ bq? kfrst jcvzfbW dj k]fv mpGflfv jfsY sYfe?
i[f§Àsv mrfb zfïfrv `ƒnXsm zf'pm' (msrfÙ¶m bfm) hf zbA sjfb nc¦lvkm bfm
sFsjW dj iyf-otf rfdÖsj uDdhk jvf pfq? kf bf rst bhDv bfm Ffjst jDHfsh
dhtDqmfb zd²¿v mfbcN icbuGDdhk rsq …Esh?
smfsev …iv jKf rt, jdhslv jKfq jfb dlsq zfmfslv bhD -sj dbsq ˆmb
hfVfhfdV hfÒbDq bq, pf jJsbf dwjG rsk ifsv. jJsbf dwjG bf rstW ˆmb zdkvÓb
rsk ifsv, pf sJfl bhD dbsNL jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfïfrv ifbfr.

dkdb dj nhGiaKm nxdó

dkdb nhGiaKm nxdóW bb. pKf²¿fsb …dïdJk rsqsY sp, bCsv mcrf©mflDv nhGiaKm nxdóv
sjfb nrDr ltDt sbƒ. dj§Â rflDsn sp zfsY,
.(@ Œq !‫א‬:‫ و‬3 5 ‫ א‬:74 /: 1‫م‬:‫د‬-:‫ ¨ و‬3 : 94SPK )
zKGf{, zfdm kJb sKsj bhD, pJb zflm k]fv ifdb W mfdev mfsU dYstb.
 280
dj§Â ˆv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, k]fsj nhGiaKm nxdó jvf rsqsY.
zfnst kf dYt zfïfrv Ifqnftf. dkdb nhGswaô bhD W zfïfrv JtDt rshb, kfv
dnÝf§À zfso sKsjƒ rsq dYt. spmb zbAfbA njt dnÝf§À dhw¶-vybfv 50 rfufv hYv
iChG sKsjƒ d²¿v dYt. ˆƒ ubA …ÙÁ rflDsnv ˆjde wsè ˆsnsY,
.(3&: ~: !ْ ‫א‬:‫@ و‬i‫و‬2 !‫ א‬:74 /: 1‫م‬:‫د‬-:‫ و‬94 b3 PK )
zKGf{, zfdm kJb sKsj bhD hst dtdJk, pJb zflm k]fv slr W v™srv mfsU
dYstb. (zfrmfl 20596, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 12571, zfWnfk¶ 4175, dn} nrDrfr 1856bQ)
spmb dm'vfsu bfmfp 50 zsÙÁv bfmfp Ivspv hAfifsv sjfb sjfb lcht G hBGbfq
zfsY, mrfbhD pJb mCnf bhD -ˆv ivfmswG kf rfîf jvsk yfƒstb, kJb mrfb
zfïfr htstb, ªzfdm spdlb zfnmfb-pmDb nxdó jsvdY, sndlbƒ skfmfv W skfmfv
…©mskv …iv 50 zsÙÁv bfmfp Ivp jsvdY-----.« (bfnf„450bQ)
nckvfQ zflm nxdóv iCshGW nh djYc d²¿vDjxk dYt ˆhQ nh djYc `tfWsr-mfrICp'-ˆ
dtdihÝ dYt. kJbW dkdb nhGswN bhD W nhGswaô bhD hst dtdihÝ dYstb, dj§Â kfv
mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, k]fsj nhGiaKm nxdó jvf rsqdYt ˆhQ nxusbv dlsj dkdb iaKm ˆhQ
siavsBv dlsj dkdb swN bhD dYstb.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(3*b3 S: ¦3 R3 ‫ <ل‬3&~
: S4 '1 !5 :‫م‬:‫د‬- B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: : M3 SB!‫ א‬1HI: ž
: !5 $ 3 b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬M‫م‬K R3 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : RM@A)
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm zfïfrv lfn …©mct djkfsh (tWsr mfrICsp zdËk) dYtfm
nhGswN bhDv™si. zfv zflm kJbW k]fv jflfq idkk dYstb. (zfrmfl 17163bQ)
ˆ rflDnW iamfB jsv sp, kjlDv drnfsh tWsr mfrICsp stJf rsqdYt sp, dkdbƒ
rshb nhGswN bhD. zfv kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, dkdb nhGiaKm nxdó.
zfèct Wqfsrl dhb nctfƒm hstb, zfdm mÄf ˆst zfk¶f dhb vfhfrv nsÌ nf[f{
jvtfm. zfdm k]fsj httfm, `sr zfhC mcrf©mfl! hnvfhfnDvf kjlDv zöDjfv jsv.'
dkdb htstb, `shef! kcdm dj jcvzfb iV?' zfdm httfm, `r]Af.' dkdb htstb,
`kfrst nCvf pcJv¢I iV.'
zfdm iVsk ðv¢ jvtfm,
S:V4 :&!5 3$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬M‫م‬K R3 1*B@A‫و‬: (٣) :‫ ن‬K n3 4 I: H4 JK > : !5 ً µ /3 : : ً -4 6K 1• S:ْ : L
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zKGf{, rf-mDm. nc±ió oas§¿v wiK. zfdm ˆ zhkDBG jsvdY jcvzfbv™si zfvhD
HfNfq, pfsk skfmvf hcUsk ifv. dbÇyq ˆ zfmfv dbje mCt oas§¿ (tfWsr mfrICsp
ncvd[k) mrfb, iaÎfmq. (pcJv¢I } 1-4)
zk}iv dkdb htstb, `kcdm dj ufsbf, `…©mct djkfh' (mCtoa§¿ tfWsr mfrICp) jD?
zfdm httfm, `zfïfr W k]fv vnCt shdw ufsbb.'
dkdb htstb, `ˆde rt snƒ djkfh, pf zfïfr zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhD nxdóv zfso
vybf jsvsYb. zfv kfsk zfsY, dIvzf†b ufrfâfmD. kfsk zfsY ªL¶Qn srfj zfhC
tfrfshv rfk ˆhQ L¶Qn srfj sn dbsu.«
281
zfk¶f hstb, vfnCtïc fr -ˆv nfrfhD …hflfr dhb n¶fsmskv sYst ztDslv nsÌ
nf[f{ jsv duÎfnf jvtfm, `mxkcAv nmq zfibfv zfêfv zdnqk jD dYt?'
…Ùsv dkdb htstb, `zfmfsj zfmfv zfêf sFsj htstb, shef! kcdm zfïfrsj Hq
jv. zfv susb svsJf, kcdm kk[B ipG§À zfïfrv Hq vfJsk ifvsh bf, pk[B ipG§À
bf zfïfrv iadk ˆhQ kjlDsvv Hfstf-m¦l nh djYcv iadk „mfb ˆsbY. ˆ „mfb YfVf
mfvf sost kcdm ufrfâfsm iashw jvsh. zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -sj htsk ðsbdY sp,
ªdb}ns¦lsr zfïfr nhGiaKm pf nxdó jsvb, kf rt jtm. zk}iv kfsj hstb,
`dtsJf'. jtm htt, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm jD dtJh?' dkdb htstb, `kjlDv
ˆhQ zb§Àjft Lsv pf Oesh kf dtsJf.' (dkvdmpD 2155bQ)
nrDr rflDsn zfsY, vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
M PK : V3‫ د‬n5 8: d
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`dtsJf'. jtm htt, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm jD dtJh?' dkdb htstb, `djqfmk
jfsqm rWqf ipG§À iaskAj dudbsnv (OdekhA) kjlDv dtsJf.' (zfhC lf†l 4700,
dkvdmpD 2155, dn} nrDrfr 133bQ)
kfrst nrDr rflDn msk `nhGiaKm nxdó bCsv mcrf©mflD' bq db}ns¦lsr.
zbA ˆjde rflDn iadBLfbspfoA, mrfbhD hstsYb,
3U‫א‬: ': B !‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: ‫و‬: N R4 : B PK @ Pْ MW!‫ א‬R3 :db:P5 ‫و‬: 3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 1*1 4 : :‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: 1•1 4 ©5 < R4 : 74 JK V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 )
.(....:‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫و‬
ªzfïfr dYstb, zfv dkdb YfVf sj… dYt bf. k]fv zfvw dYt ifdbv …iv. dkdb
`tfWsr-mfrICp'-ˆ nh djYc (OdekhA) dtdihÝ jsvb. zk}iv dkdb zfjfw-ixdKhD
nxdó jsvb.« (hcJfvD 3191, dmwjfk 5698bQ)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, zfrtcn ncâfr zt-ufmfzfr nrDr rflDn sKsj zfj¶Dlf oarB
jsv. jfvB pqDI hf uft rflDn sKsj oarB jvf zfj¶Dlf ëf§À rq.
mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfdm zfïfrv dbje kf]v tWsr mfrICsp dtdJk kJbW nhGswN
bhD, pJb zflm jflf zh²¿fq isV dYstb. zfv ˆv kf{ipG ˆƒ sp, (zfmfv bhczskv
iaKm dhjfw Ose) zfmfv dikf ƒhafrDsmv lczf, „nfv k]fv jWmsj slWqf ncnQhfl ˆhQ
zfmfv zf©mfv slJf snƒ ösi´v mfLAsm, pfsk dkdb k]fv dbje sKsj ˆmb suAfdk shv
rsk slsJb pf, wfmslswv zÕfdtjfnmCrsj zfstfdjk jsvdYt. (zfrXmfl 17163bQ)
ˆ rflDsnW `dkdb iaKm nxdó'---ˆ jKf htf rqdb. zfv ˆ lfhDW ltDtrDb sp,
mrfbhD -ˆv mfsqv dbje sKsj sp bCv shv rsqdYt, kf dYt `bCsv mcrf©mflD'. jfvB
kf dYt öi´, hf²Àh bq.
mcrfdÜn zfïfmf zfthfbD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstb, ˆ jKf ndEj bq sp, vfnCt
zftfƒdrn n¶ftfkc znX-nftfm, dkdbƒ zfïfrv nxdó iaKm mfbcN. spsrkc ˆ rt ofqhD
dhNq, pfv hAfifsv LfvBf j'sv jKf htf mcndtsmv ubA ³hL bq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr
 282
k]fv djkfsh hstb,
٢٨ H~S!‫ " א‬،• V " (٣٦) { ^Q4 : MZ+ : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 R3S“4 V1 5? B7ƒ> !‫ א‬B‫ن‬:A}
zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ hf²Àh hAfifsv LfvBf sjfb jfsu zfsn bf. (ƒ…bcn } 36, bfuXm } 28)
zfv vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
.« 3¢V3&+
: !ْ ‫ א‬1$:WPْ 5 B7ƒ> !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 B7ƒ> !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 PK VB @A »
zKGf{, skfmvf LfvBf rsk lCsv Kfsjf, jfvB LfvBf rstf nhsysq shdw dmKAf jKf.
(hcJfvD 5143, mcndtm 6701bQ)
nckvfQ pJb sjfb mfbcN htsh, zfïfr zfpXpf zufï nhGiKa m nxdó jsvsYb---
mcrf©mfslv hAdÙÁk¶ hth bf, hvQ spmb Wvf LfvBf jsv---mcrf©mfl -ˆv bCv, kJb
zfmvf hth, zfïfù kfhfvfjf zkfzftf hstsYb,
(٥١) { ‫א‬Q&1 : : q 3 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:Wž
3 bB81 19SKP 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 :Zْ ;
: !5 ‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬:Zْ ;
: H4 X1 I2&:X4 5 8: }
zKGf{, ‚jfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nxdójfst ‚dm kfslvsj (…id²¿k) nf[D vfdJdb
ˆhQ kfslv nxubjfstW bq. zfv ‚dm ˆmbW bƒ sp, dhëf§ÀjfvDslvsj nrfqjv™si
oarB jvh. (jfrI } 51)
nckvfQ sjfsÚsk ˆ ofqhDHfsh LfvBfjfvD ufbsk ifvt sp, zfïfr nhGiaKm mcrf©mfl
zftfƒdrn n¶ftfkc zn-nftfsmv bCv nxdó jsvsYb?
zhwA sn yeX jsv hst hnsh sp, (ufshsvv rflDn) ªzfWqftc mf Jftfj¶fïfù bCvf
bfdhdqAjf ƒqf ufshv!«
zfmvf hth, rflDsnv iaLfb iaLfb Yqde iadnÝ djkfsh, zfv bf zfrtct rflDsnv
dbje idvdyk ncbfb oa§¿nmCsr, zfv bf kfYfVf wk wk zbAfbA rflDnoas§¿ ˆ rflDsnv
sjfb dHdÙ zfsY. htf hfùtA, snƒ ufsrtslv md²À°j YfVf ˆ rflDsnv sjfb dHdÙ sbƒ,
pfvf bhD -ˆv rj W hfdkt ÈBjDkGbsj dbsuslv siwf hfdbsq dbsqsY, pfv …iv
dbHGv jsv kfvf uDhbLfvB jvsY. (lcv¢ncw wfqJ zfthfbD 4/3)

dhw¶-vybfv zfdl jfvB

mrfb zfïfr mcJfsi[frDb öqQn©iCBG hflwf. dkdb dbsuv ƒhflskv ubA dhw¶-vybf
jsvsYb, du¶b-ƒbnfb nxdó jsvsYb, vnCt ifdEsqsYb, djkfh zhkDBG jsvsYb ƒkAfdl.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
U V ‫א‬W!‫( " א‬٥٦) {@‫ون‬1&14 : !3 !>@A :• @‘!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬B7~ 3 !ْ ‫ א‬19nْ 5 ;
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zKGf{, zfdm nxdó jsvdY du¶b W mfbcNsj sjht ˆ ubA sp, kfvf zfmfvƒ ƒhflk
jvsh. (pfdvqfk } 56)
dkdb vnCt siavsBv jfvB hBGbf jsv hstsYb,
{ 'Q J3 O
: ‫א‬QTV@T: 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: @ 1 2 !‫ א‬:&4 /: › ~
BO1 3*’ !‫ א‬5 : @‫ س‬SB !3 :‫ ن‬JK V: > ^:!3 :7V@ 3WS18‫و‬: :7V@ fM :82 ً 1 2 }
zKGf{, zfdm ncnQhflhfrD W nkjGjfvD vnCt siavB jsvdY; pfsk vnCt (zfnfv) iv
zfïfrv dhv¢sÝ mfbcsNv sjfb zdHspfo bf Kfsj. zfv zfïfr iaht ivfÛÁmwftD,
283
mrfÎfbD. (dbnf } 165)
bhczk zKhf ncnQhfl lfb W HDdk-ialwGsbv Lfvfsj ˆƒ usbAƒ zhAfrk svsJsYb,
pfsk swN dhyfsvv dlsb sj… ˆ Wuv siw jvsk bf ifsv sp, zfmfslv dbje skfmfv
sjfb hfkGf si]Zs] Ydb. spmb zbAÛ mrfb zfïfr hstb,
‫ن‬5 @ 4 65 738 5hI3 V: - :Š3 bBS:5 !ً 1 : S:4 !5 @A :9ْ : 4 5 !5 4 !5 S:/B: ‫! א‬K n5 !5 3*34 65 7M8 N$‫א‬:W: /3 H1\ S:Jْ 5 \4 5 B5 4 !5 ‫و‬: }
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zKGf{, pdl zfdm Wslvsj kfv iCshG wfd²À äfvf L¶Qn jvkfm kfrst Wvf htk, sr
zfmfslv iadkiftj! kcdm zfmfslv dbje ˆjub vnCt siavB jvst bf sjb? jvst
zfmvf tfdÒk W zimfdbk rWqfv iCshGƒ skfmfv dblwGb smsb dbkfm. (k¶f-rf } 134)
vnCt siavsBv jfvB hBGbf jsv mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstb,
:HJK +
4 : !3 MZ+
: !ْ /3 :$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 : 8: :‫ل‬T: 5 ‫و‬: :7V@ 3WS18‫و‬: :7V@ fM :81 : M 3 SB!‫ א‬1*’ !‫ א‬:¢: :5 "ً :&O
3 ‫א‬:‫ ً و‬8B K 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 }
" n !‫( " א‬٢١٣) {3* 3 ْ‫ א‬YK 5 b:; 4 ‫' א‬: 3 @‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:74 /:
zKGf{, mfbcN (zfdlsk) ˆjƒ ufdkHcÙÁ dYt. (isv mfbcsNvfƒ dhsHl nxdó jsv.)
zk}iv zfïfr bhDoBsj ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si siavB jsvb; ˆhQ mfbcsNv
msLA sp dhNsq mksHl nxdó rsqdYt, kfv mDmfQnfv ubA dkdb kfslv nfsK nkAnr
djkfh zhkDBG jsvb. (hfj¶fvfr } 213)
&V&(‫( א‬٢٥) {•3 4 n3 !ْ /3 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:‫ م‬nK : !3 :‫אن‬:T '3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 : 8: S:!ْ T: 5 ‫و‬: 3U S:M:!ْ /3 S:5 1 1 S:ْ : 4 5 &4 n5 !5 }
zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ zfdm zfmfv vnCtslvsj siavB jsvdY ±ió iamfBnr ˆhQ kfslv
nsÌ zhkDBG jsvdY djkfh W kctflà (bAfq-bDdk); pfsk mfbcN ncdhyfv iadkôf jsv.
(rflDl } 25)
dj§Â jcvzfbD hqfsbv dhivDk hBGbf dlsq Kfsj zdkvÓbjfvD rflDn-dbmGfkfvf.
kfvf hst,
`Ict hfofsb Icet bhDb Ict.
sn Ict pdl bf Icdek djYcƒ iqlf bf rƒk,
bf jdvk zfvw-jcnDG utDt vêct.
Ict hfofsb Icet bhDb Ict.'
kfvf hst, `ðLcmfÛ hsvv ubA spmb dhsq-hfdVv nm²À zfsqfub, skmdb mcrf©mfl
-ˆv ubA ˆ dhsw¶v njt zfsqfub.'
kfvf rflDn hBGbf jsv,
.5g5 ْ 5 ‫ א‬19nْ 5 ;
: ': !5 5g5?4 !5
zKGf{, pdl kcdm bf rsk, zfdm zfnmfb-pmDb djYcƒ nxdó jvkfm bf.
zKy ˆ msmG sjfb rflDn nrDr bq. (mf…pCzfk 78bQ, dn} pqDIfr 282bQ, mcvdwlct
rfsqv 10ix})
ˆƒ uft rflDn ˆhQ bCsv mcrf©mflDv uft rflDsnv dHdÙsk mDtflDvf hst Kfsj, k]fv
ˆj tjh `mcrXqD' rfqfk lfbjfvD. jfvB k]fvƒ ubA nfvf uo{ nxdó. dkdb njt v¢srv
 284
iadkiftbjfvD. dkdb rstb zfslswv zfdl jfvB zfv nh rt It.
vfnCtïc fr dhw¶ndx óv v™r---mCt. dkdb v™r W rfqfskv zd²Àsk¶v vrnA. pdl dkdb
bf rskb, kfrst nxdóuo{ db²Àbfhcl W dbdÇyrÁ rsq spk. rfqfk bf Kfjst slr spmb
znfV rsq pfq, skmdb k]fv bCsvv iahfr bf Kfjst nmoa nxdó znfV rsq spk. (bCsv
mcufnXnfm 139ix})
diaq ifEj! hcUskƒ ifvsYb, ˆmb zfjDlf ±iók} jcvzfb-dhsvfLD. nckvfQ ifjf
ltDt YfVf ˆmb zdkvdÓk zfjDlf vfJf „mfsbv ubA dhwft mfvfk¹j.
mrfb zfïfr k]fv diaq bhD -sj hstsYb,
: \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 *1 !5 c3W!> ‫ א‬Q '3 L
: H4 JK 4 !5 @A 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: 4 6K }
{:‫ون‬1&b:X4 I: H4 JK > : !5 1• 1 3 IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*I3 ': 3P5 ‫و‬: *3 ’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 c3W!> ‫ א‬MR8M K ‫ א‬MR3 SB!‫ א‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 v5 19 '3 V1 ‫و‬: R3 +
4 V1
zKGf{, ht, `sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslv njstv ubA snƒ zfïfrv (siadvk) vnCt;
dpdb zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmsk¶v zdLjfvD, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb
(nkA) …ifnA sbƒ, dkdbƒ uDdhk jsvb W mxkcA Oefb. nckvfQ zfïfrv iadk W kf]v
vnCt dbv[v bhDv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv; sp zfïfr W kf]v hfBDsk dhÇhfn jsv, ˆhQ
skfmvf kfv zbcnvB jv, pfsk skfmvf iK ifW.' (zf'vfI } 158)

dkdb dj bCvD?
dkdb dj bCvD, bfdj hfwfvD? zsbsj hstb, `dkdb bCvD-hfwfvD.' mDtflD djkfshv
sjnXnf rt,
`wvIct zfbfsbsk stsJ ˆ jftfm,
jdrstb vnCtcïfr zftfq sr¤Yftfm.
dYbc zfdm ˆj bCv zfïfrv jfsYsk,
zflsmv lc rfufv hYv iCshGsk.
idVk snƒ bCv kYdhr ˆtfrDv,
sIsvwXkfvf kh nfsK jdvk dpdjv.
kfviv zfïfr kfzftf zflsm nxduqf,
sn bCv dlt k]fv nfsK dmwfƒqf.
zflsmv disE ydV shsrwXk rƒsk,
lcdbqfq zfdnqfdY sJflfv jclvsk.
bCsrv disE ydV sbZjfq …dEbc,
JtDstv disE ydV zfÈsb idVbc.
jsvsYb nlf zfïf bjt zfmfsv,
ifj disE ifj sise ƒÏk JJsv.
zhswsN sbjfdttf mf-hfi rƒsk,
285
rfvfmD softdm jHc isV sbƒ kfsk.'
k]fslv ltDt, djYc uft rflDn W djYc nCID mDtflD djkfshv …Ýxdk.
rflDsn htf rsqsY, bhD bfdj hstsYb,
. R P Z ; c 78‫ و‬،c %‫ א‬Z ; 8 ‫ول‬
zKGf{, zfïfr nhGiaKm pf nxdó jsvb, kf zfmfv bCv. zfv zfmfv bCv rsk nxó rsqsY
iadkde h²Â.
rflDsnv sjfbX djkfsh zfsY? rflDsnv sjfb djkfsh sbƒ. `mfk¶fdt…t mcnfvvfk'
(bfdj mfnfvGfk) djkfsh zfsY.
zbcv™i ufshv sKsj hdBGk, bhD bfdj k]fsj hstsYb,
! /L V h %‫ א‬Z ; 8 ‫ول‬
zKGf{, zfïfr nhGiaKm pf nxdó jsvb, kf skfmfv bhDv bCv sr ufshv! (zfècv vfpXpfj)
dj§Â ˆ rflDn mcrfdÜn zfècv vfpXpfsjv sjfbX djkfsh zfsY?
Wslv …Ùv } ªiCBG rflDnde ƒmfm zfècv vfpXpfsjv `mcnfâfI'-ˆ hkGmfb. dhb-ùmfm
zfhC hjv zfècv vfpZpfj ƒhb-ùmfm rstb rflDsnv rfsIp. dkdb ƒmfm mfstsjv
wfodvl ˆhQ ƒmfm zfrml-ƒhb-rfìstv …²Àfl ˆhQ ƒmfm hcJfvD W mcndtsmv lflf
…²Àfl. dkdb ödtdJk djkfh `mcnfâfI'-ˆ …ÙÁ rflDn dtdihÝ jsvsYb.« (bCsv
mcufnXnfm 223ix})
ªˆhQ ivhkGDv 8 ub ƒmfm (?) k]fslv djkfhnmCsr …ÙÁ rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb.«
hfnX! kfrstƒ skf syfJ há j'sv htf pfq sp, ‰ rflDn `nfrDr'. dj§Â rflDn oarB-
huGsbv bDdk skf kf bq.
rflDsnv nbl hf nCÛ nrDr rst rflDn nrDr, bsy{ bf.
däkDqk} zfècv vfpXpfsjv mcnf¶ âfI, ufsm' hf kInDsvv sjfb djkfsh ˆ rflDsnv
…sïJ sbƒ. nckvfQ ˆef dmKAf jKf W smdjv rfWqftf.
rfsIp ncqCkD¶ `rfhD'sk hstb, ªˆ rflDsnv sjfb dbHGvspfoA nCÛ sbƒ.«
hfƒrfjDv `lftfdqtcb bchc…qfr'skW ˆ rflDn sbƒ.
htf hfùtA, ˆde ³kdv-jvf mboVf dmKAf uft rflDn.
ƒhsb zfêfn bfdj hstsYb, `zfïfr kfzftf pJb mfJtcjfskv nxub, pmDbsj dbsm´
²¿fib W zfnmfbnmCrsj †sL¶G ²¿fisbv ƒ¤Yf jvstb dkdb dbu bCv rsk ˆj mcdó bCv
oarB jvstb. zb§Àv dkdb ‰ mcdó bCvsj htstb } kcdm zfmfv rfhDh mcrf©ml rsq pfW.
zk}iv sn bCv-ƒ-mcrf©ml zflm nxdóv i]fyw hYv iCshG zfvw kfWqfI jsvdYt.
kfWqfIjfst kf htdYt---zft-rfmlcdtïfrX. kJb zfïfr kfzftf htstb } ˆ srkc
zfdm skfmfv bfmjvB jvtfm---mcrf©ml.' (bcprfkct mfufdtn 2/326)
ˆ jKfW mDtflDslv oæ ³h dj¤Yc bq. sjfb rflDn oas§¿ ˆ jKfv zd²Àk¶ sbƒ.
(1) khcW lfhD, `ˆef ök}dnÝ sp, k]fv bCv nxdóv iCshG sjfb nxdóƒ nxó rqdb,
zfnmfbW bf, pmDbW bf.' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 143ix})
zfmvf hdt, `zfso sldJ syqfv oV, kfvisv kfv bjXwf jv.' `bCv-ˆ-mcrf©mflD'v
zd²Àk¶ zfso iamfB rsh, kfviv bf kfv zfso isv djYc nxdó rsqsY dj bf, kf dbsq
 286
dnÝf§À oarB jvf pfsh?
(2) bhD -sj `bCvD' LfvBf jsv `lv™sl bCvD' ³kvD jvf rsqsY,
.U Y#!‫ א { وא‬s | c !‫ وא! א‬RI‫א‬W!‫ א‬S!‫& `'& א‬ g /‫ و‬H ‫ و‬, HX !‫א‬
zKGf{, sr zfïfr kcdm nftfk (Jfn vrmk), nftfm W hvjk hNGB jv nfƒsqAslbf
mcrf©mfl -ˆv …iv dpdb rstb pfkD bCv ‰hQ ‰ vrnA pf idhÛiafå rsq vsqsY,
zfïfr kfzftfv nmClq bfm W ÈBfhtDsk.
kfslvƒ `ƒmfm zfrmfl nfhD hstsYb, ˆƒ lv™slv iK rstf nftfk-ƒ-bCvD. ˆv
iahkGj rstb (nCID) ƒmfm zfhct rfnfb wfsJtD (v).' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 115ix})
hcUskƒ ifvsYb, ˆefW …bfslv mboVf lv™l. ˆƒ dhlfzfkD lv™l dlsq iamfB jvf
pfq bf sp, mrfbhD zfïfrv pfkD bCv sKsj nxdó.
(3) dkdb pJb ƒnvfsk sostb, kJb hcvfsjv disE ysV hfqkct mfjdln dosqdYstb.
zfv hcvfj dYt ofLf zsi[f hV ˆhQ J¤yv zsi[f sYfe ˆj ið. pfv ˆjde ils[i
kfv lxdóv swN iafs§À isV. kf zfnst `hfjG' dhutD hf dhlcAskv mskf h²Â. `vfnCtcïfr
bCvfbD bf rst dkdb shfvfj ±iswG zd²Àkr¶ Db rsq spskb.' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 174 ix})
(4) zfv ˆj iamfB rstf dm'vfsu. vfnCtcïfr dnlvfkct mcbXkfrf rsk †LGs¶ tfsj
ytstb kJb duhvf„t (zf) iÇyfsk vsq sostb. vfnCtcïfr dusÎn jvst
duhXvf„t (zf) htstb- g96ÏO? ¼ U ‫! د‬
pdl zfdm zÌcdtv zoaHfoW zoanv rƒ, zfdm zfïfrv kfufïDsk u¶st pfh.
swJ nflDW jdhkfq sn jKf hstsYb. (bCsv mcufnXnfm 117ix})
zKy mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrv ˆjf§À dbjehkGD rstb. dkdb öys[ k]fsj lwGb
jvstb. dkdb u¶tstb bf. duhvDt dIdvwXkfW bCv sKsj nxdó, dj§Â k]fv bCv dnIfkD.
zfv mrfbhD -ˆv bCv bfdj pfkD.
zfïfrv bCsvv kfufïDv nfmsb mCnf bhD zÎfb rsq isVdYstb. mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
!5 @A 4 ƒK ‫@ א‬7J3 !5 ‫و‬: R3 ‫א‬: I: 75! :‫ ل‬65 5h4 !5 @A 4 ƒK 5 R3 @ 5 M$: :‫ ل‬65 1*/2: 1*': > P5 ‫و‬: S:I3 n5 '3 !3 : 81 L
: 'B !5 ‫و‬: }
:‫ ق‬5 5 'B 5 5 nً 3 ,
: : 8 B;
: ‫و‬: P« :‫ د‬1*5 : L
: @ :~
: ْ !3 1*/2: > ~
: I: 'B 5 5 R3‫א‬: I: : 4 : 5 1*: J5 8: B n5 b:4 ‫‘@ن@ א‬5 @ :~
: !ْ ‫א‬
‫( " א א‬١٤٣) {: S383 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ول‬B 5 ْ :5 ‫و‬: 5h4 !5 @A 194I1 5h: +
: 4 1 :‫ ل‬65
zKGf{, mCnf pJb zfmfv dbLGfdvk ²¿fsb …id²¿k rt ˆhQ kfv iadkiftj kfv nsÌ
jKf htstb, kJb sn htt, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfsj lwGb lfW, zfdm skfmfsj
slJh.' dkdb htstb, `kcdm zfmfsj jJbƒ slJsh bf. kcdm hvQ ifrfsVv iadk t[A
jv, pdl kf ö²¿fsb d²¿v Kfsj, kfrst kcdm zfmfsj slJsh.' nckvfQ pJb kfv
iadkiftj ifrfsV suAfdk®mfb rstb, kJb kf ifrfVsj yCBG-dhyCBG jvt zfv mCnf
nQÎfrDb rsq isV sot. zk}iv pJb sn Îfb dIsv sit, kJb htt, `mdrmmq kcdm!
zfdm zbckå rsq skfmfskƒ iakAfhkGb jvtfm ˆhQ dhÇhfnDslv msLA zfdmƒ iaKm.'
(zf'vfI } 143)
287
rflDsn zfsY,
.(3*n3 ْ ;
: 74 83 1•1 #
: /: 3*4 !5 @A X: b:4 ‫ א‬8: 3*X@ L
4 ‫و‬: 1U +
: 11 9 4 65 : O
4 5 1*Y5 f: P5 4 !5 1 S2!‫ א‬1*/1 ~ :O 3)
zKGf{, k]fv ilGf (z§Àvft) rt bCv (suAfdk). sp ilGf …s¦mfdyk rst k]fv zfbb-
lDdå nmoa nxdójctsj lÊDHCk j'sv sItsh. (mcndtm 463bQ)
zfmvf hdt,
(j) `pdl zfdm zÌcdtv zoaHfoW zoanv rƒ, zfdm zfïfrv kfufïDsk u¶st pfh.'
duhaf„t -ˆv jKf nrDr nCsÛ iamfdBk bq.
(J) hcvfsjv slsr dhlcA{ dYt, kfW iamfdBk bq.
(o) ƒhafrDm bhD zfÈsb u¶stbdb, zKy dkdb zfÈsbv nxdó dYstb bf. „nf
uDdhk zfsYb zfnmfsb, mrfwCsbA zdÆsub sbƒ. khcW bhDv djYc rqdb.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
': B5‚P5 L
Q :O
: nً M k : 1•: &4 ,
: 4 :~ 4 V: 1*> 3 V1 ‫ن‬5 ‫د‬4 @ V1 7:8‫و‬: @‫م‬5 4 @Á!3 1•: &4 ,
: i4 : f4 V: 1*V: 3&X4 V: ‫ن‬5 1*’ !‫ א‬3‫ @د‬V1 7:'5 }
‫( " א م‬١٢٥) {:‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 5? :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5 : :•L 4 M !‫ א‬1*’ !‫ א‬1 : ~4 V: 5h!3:WP5 ': B !‫ א‬R3 1&B # B V:
zKGf{, zfïfr jf…sj n{isK idvyfdtk jvfv ƒ¤Yf jvst, dkdb kfv r™lqsj
ƒntfsmv ubA iaw²À j'sv slb ˆhQ jf…sj dhiKofmD jvfv ƒ¤Yf jvst, dkdb kf]v
r™lqsj zdkwq nQjDBG j'sv slb; kfv jfsY ƒntfm zbcnvB zfjfsw zfsvfrsBv
mkƒ lc}nfLA rsq isV. pfvf dhÇhfn jsv bf, zfïfr kfslv …iv ˆv™si zidhÛkf
(wqkfb zKhf zfpfh) dbLGfdvk jsvb. (‚bX‚m } 125)
ˆ nh mrfb nxdójkGfv znDm jclvk. ˆj vfsk mÄf sKsj suv¢ufstm ˆhQ snJfb
sKsj ufâfk-ufrfâfm W dnlvfkct mc§fÀ rf lwGb jsvsYb zfmfslv mrfbhD . bCsvv
nxdó bf rstW zfïfrv jclvsk k]fv bhD u¶stbdb.
(O) ndEj jKf ˆƒ sp, dm'vfsuv vfsÛ mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrsj öys[ slsJbdb.
dkdb bCsvv ilGfv z§Àvft sKsjƒ k]fv nfsK jKf hstsYb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
f: V: 8: 3*3 ‫ذ‬4 @‘/3 :RO
3 1 5 !ً 1 : : 3 4 V1 ‫و‬4 5 N$ ~
:O3 ‫א‬: ‫و‬: 738 ‫و‬4 5 Q O
4 ‫و‬: !> @A 1*> !‫* א‬1 ': q J5 V1 ‫ن‬5 ٍ f: :!3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
x f!‫( " א‬٥١) {H< J3 O : ÀR3: 1*B@A
zKGf{, sjfb mfbcsNv is[ nýh bq sp, zfïfr kfv nsÌ nvfndv jKf htshb WrDv
(iakAfslw) mfLAm hAdksvsj, z§Àvft hAdksvsj zKhf sjfb lCk siavB hAdksvsj;
zfv kJb zfïfr pf yfb kf k]fv zbcmdkÛÁsm zrD (iakAfslw) jsvb; db}ns¦lsr dkdb
nmcâk, iaÎfmq. (wCvf } 51)
(5) dhw¶ nxdóv zfdl …{n rstf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv bCv. ‰ bCsvv zdHhAdÙÁ rstf dhw¶-
màt. zfïfr kfzftfv …dÙÁ ˆƒ }
: 4 > !‫ א‬R3f“4 V1 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬5 : x: b:4 ‫ א‬BH‰1 ‫ ٍم‬VB 5 3 bB3 R3 :‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: c3W!>‫ א‬1*’ !‫ א‬1HJK /B: B‫@ن‬A}
2$: 1*’ !‫ א‬5g: :I: 1 84 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬1Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1*!5 5?5 3•@ 84 5‚/3 NU‫א‬: ž
B : 81 :‫~ م‬
1 S2!‫א‬:‫ و‬: ': n5 !ْ ‫وא‬: :•'4 fB !‫א‬:‫„ و‬Q „3 O
: 1*1K Œْ V: : X: SB!‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫"א‬ (٥٤) {: '3 !5 : !ْ ‫א‬
 288
zKGf{, dbÇyq skfmfslv iadkiftj zfïfr dpdb zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsj Yq dlsb
nxdó jsvb, zk}iv dkdb zfvsw nmfnDb rb. dkdbƒ dlhnsj vfdÛ äfvf zf¤Yfdlk
jsvb; Wslv ˆsj zbAsj û¢kodksk zbcnvB jsv. zfv (nxdó jsvsYb) nCpG, y¦la W
b[Ûvfdusj, pf kf]vƒ zfÎfLDb. susb vfJ, nxdó jvf ˆhQ dbslGwlfb kf]vƒ jfu.
dkdb mdrmmq dhÇh iadkiftj. (zf'vfI } 54) (bCsv mcufnXnfm 171ix})
…lfv msbv ifEj rqskf LfvBf jvshb, ˆƒ zfqfskW hcdU …ÙÁ lfhDv ltDt zfsY.
dj§Â HfstfHfsh zbchfl isV slJcb, kfsk ‰ …ße lfhDv sjfb ltDt zfsY dj bf.
zfmvf hfvhfv ˆjƒ jKf hdt, `zfso sldJ syqfv oV, kfvisv kfv bjXwf jv.'
zfso `bCsv mcrf©mflD' iamfB jv, kfiv kf rsk dhw¶ W kfv bfbf swaBDv hAdÙÁ W h²Âv
nxdó iamfB jv.
sn bCv zfïfrv pfkD srfj, k]fv syrfvfv srfj, k]fv ufmfstv srfj, k]fv ƒtXm hf
vrmskv srfj zKhf dHâ nxdó srfj, zv™i srfj hf nv™i srfj, dkdb sp bCv sKsj nxdó
kfv dhðÝ iamfB ³j? nCID zfhlct obD bfhtcnD lfhD jvstƒ dj `nrDr' hst smsb
sbshb mcrfdÜnDboB?
htfƒ hfùtA sp, bCsv mcrf©mflDv njt rflDn E]fƒ sisqsY uft rflDsnv oa§¿nmCsr.
zbcv™i lfjfsqjct zfJhfsvv JhvW o]fufsv o¬i. kfsk hdBGk hù jKf sjfb
kWrDlhflD mcndtm dhw¶fn jvsk ifsv bf. zfv ˆ jKfW dhdlkhA sp, dhlfkDslv
zdLjfQw jKf lcht G W uft rflDn-dHdÙj. kf bf rst kfvf `dhlfkD' rsh sjb?
(6) W]vf hstb, bhD sp bCv, sn jKf jcvzfsb zfsY. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
٢٣٠ ‫ ص‬ƒ ‫&" א‬s ‫( " א‬١٥) {< 3 82 $ < b:P3 ‫و‬: < 1 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M HKP L : &4 65 }
ªzhwAƒ skfmfslv dbje zfïfrv dbje rsk bCv (suAfdk) W nc±ió djkfh
ˆsnsY.« (mfdqlfr } 15)
S!‫( א‬١٧٤) { SQ 3 82 ‫א‬Q 1 H4 JK 4 !5 @A S:!ْ T: 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK /MB 7M8 ‫\ <ن‬: 4 /1 HKP L
: &4 65 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
sr mfbh! skfmfslv iadkiftsjv dbje rsk skfmfslv dbje iamfB ˆsn si]ZsYsY
ˆhQ zfdm skfmfslv iadk ±ió bCv (suAfdk) zhkDBG jsvdY. (dbnf } 174)
…ÙÁ zfqfsk `bCv' htsk jcvzfbsj hcUfsbf rsqsY. däkDq zfqfsk `zhkDBG jvf'
snƒ jKfvƒ kfjDl jsv. spsrkc bhD ifEfsbf rsqsY, zhkDBG jvf rqdb. jcvzfbƒ
zhkDBG jvf rsqsY.
i[f§Àsv `bCv' mfsb `bhD' jvstW, ˆ sKsj iamfB rq bf sp, bhD bCv sKsj nxó. jfvB sn
bCv v™ij zsKGv k]fv bhczskv bCv rsk ifsv. spmb Îfsbv bCv, pf lxwAmfb bq.
iv§Â ˆ zfstf, suAfdk hf bCv sKsj …sÜwA zft-j¶cvzfb. …sÜwA bhD bq. zbA
zfqfsk kfv hAfJAf vsqsY,
7/ “b!‫( " א‬٨) {• < 3; : :‫ ن‬K ': 4 I: ': /3 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬S:!ْ T: 5 c3W!> ‫ @ א‬S2!‫א‬:‫ و‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 ‫ א‬S183 v5 }
ªzkˆh skfmvf zfïfr, kf]v vnCt W sp suAfdk zfdm zhkDBG jsvdY, kfsk dhÇhfn
²¿fib jv. skfmfslv jxkjmG n©isjG zfïfr ndhswN zhdrk.« (kfofhcb } 8)
pdl ˆ nsÙ¶W sj… hst, vnCtsjƒ suAfdk hcUfsbf rsqsY, kfrst dbsm´v zfqfk
289
iadbLfbspfoA,
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3 V: c3W!>‫ א‬BR8M K ‫ א‬BR3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬1 3 bBV: :7V3W!> ‫}א‬
H4 \1 : ,
4 @A H4 X1 S4 : 1Š: V: ‫و‬: :¢s3v:ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬1HX@ 4 5 : 1‫م‬M +
: V1 ‫و‬: 3U :MŒ> !‫ א‬1HX1 !5 2 +
3 V1 ‫و‬: @ J5 S1'!ْ ‫@ א‬7: H4 \1 X: S4 V: ‫و‬: 3 ‫و‬1 4 ': !ْ /3
1H\1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K 1*: 8: :‫ل‬T@ K :c3W!> ‫ א‬: S2!‫ אْ א‬1 :IB‫א‬:‫ و‬1•‫و‬1 #
: :‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1 TB : ‫و‬: 3*/3 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> 5 H4 X@ 4 5 : 9
4 : P5 R3b!> ‫ א‬:‫ل‬5 ©ْ 5 ‫א‬:‫و‬
‫( " א א‬١٥٧) {:‫ ن‬+ 1 3Yْ '1 !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, pfvf dbv[v vnCt W bhDv zbcnvB jsv, pfv …sïJ kWvfk W ƒÓDt pf
kfslv dbje zfsY kfsk dtdihÝ ifq, sp kfslvsj n{jfsuv dbslGw slq W
zn{jfsu dbsNL jsv, sp kfslv ubA idhÛ h²ÂnmCrsj ShL jsv W zidhÛ
h²ÂnmCrsj zShL jsv ˆhQ sp kfslv Hfv W háb pf kfslv …iv dYt (kf rsk)
kfslvsj mcÙÁ jsv. nckvfQ pfvf kfv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsv, kfsj n©mfb jsv, kfsj
nfrfpA jsv ˆhQ sp zfstf kfv nfsK zhkDBG jvf rsqsY kfv zbcnvB jsv, kfvfƒ
rsh nItjfm. (zf'vfI } 157)
htf hfùtA, jcvzfb rt zfLAfdk¹j bCv, pf zfstfjv™si lxwAmfb bq. zbcv™i bhD
-sj `bCv' mfbstW zfLAfdk¹j bCv. lxwAmfb bCv zfslZ bq ˆhQ dkdb bCv sKsj nxó,
kfW bq. zfv ˆsk k]fv n©mfb dh¦lc idvmfB rafn rq bf.
(7) nxdóv ƒdkrfsn zfmvf ufdb, mrfbhD hstsYb,
.« H4 JK !5 :},
3 ‫و‬1 'B 83 1‫م‬:‫د‬- :Z3;
1 ‫و‬: ٍ : 74 83 ‫ @ ٍج‬8: 74 83 2‫~ ن‬ : !ْ ‫ א‬:Z3;
1 ‫و‬: ٍ 1 74 83 K J5 s3 5 ': !ْ ‫ א‬39n5 3;
1 »
ªdIdvñfslvsj bCv sKsj nxdó jvf rsqsY. dub ufdksj nxdó jvf rsqsY zdo´dwJf
rsk. zfv zflmsj nxdó jvf rsqsY snƒ h²Â sKsj, pf skfmfslvsj hBGbf jvf rsqsY.
(zKGf{, mfde sKsj).« (mcndtm 7687bQ)
…ÙÁ rflDsn ±ió rsqsY sp, dIdvwXkfsj bCv sKsj nxdó jvf rsqsY. zflm hf kfv
sjfb n§Àfbsj bCv sKsj nxdó jvf rqdb.
i[f§Àsv dhw¶bhD mcrf©mfl zflm-n§Àfb dYstb. zfmfslv mk vÙÁ, mfQn W
zd²¿v oVf mfbcN dYstb. zfmfslv mk dikfv Švsn W mfkfv osHG k]fv u¦m rsqdYt.
zfmfslv mk dkdb sJskb, ifb jvskb. nc²¿-znc²¿ Kfjskb. dh±mxk rskb, ±mvB
jvskb. dhhfr-wflD jsvsYb, k]fv ˆjfdLj ²ÃD dYt. dkdb n§Àfsbv ubj dYstb.
hAhnf-hfdBuA jvskb. lc}J-swfj, hAKf W p§ÃBf zbcHh jvskb. k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf
rk ˆhQ kf zidhÛ dYt. k]fv bfifjDv …pC-sofnstv iasqfub rk. (dkvdmpD 2491bQ)
uDdhk dYstb, ƒd§Àjft jsvsYb. mfbcsNv njt iajdx k W iasqfub k]fv mfsU dYt.
jcvzfb hst,
٦ 9 # ،}XJ!‫( " א‬١١٠) {&< O 3 ‫א‬:‫! <* و‬5 @A H4 JK X1 !5 @A ': B5 BR!5 @A O : V1 H4 JK K „4 8M < f: /: :5 ': B@A 4 6K }
zKGf{, kcdm ht, `‚dm skf skfmfslv mkƒ ˆjub mfbcN; ‚mfv iadk iakAfslw rq
sp, skfmfslv …ifnAƒ ˆjmfÛ …ifnA.' (jfrI } 110, rf-mDm nfulfr } 6)
(8) W]vf hstb, dkdb `hfwfv' W `zflm-n§Àfb' kf zfmvfW mfdb. dj§Â zflsmv
us¦mv zfso k]fv u¦m. nckvfQ dkdb `bCvD-hfwfvD.' bCvv™si nhGiaKm nxdó rsq dkdb
 290
zflsmv mfsU iad[å rb. kfviv nÏbslv ixsô ixsô ²¿fbf§Àdvk rsk rsk zhswsN
zfècïfrv ŠvsN k]fv u¦m rq.
zfmvf hdt, `zfso sldJ syqfv oV, kfvisv kfv bjXwf jv.'
iCshGƒ htf rsqsY, `bCsv mcrf©mflD'v sjfb nrDr iamfB sbƒ. kfviv kfv ²¿fbf§Àdvk
rWqfv jKfW j¬ibfdHdÙj. zfv dkdb nhGiaKm nxdóW bb.
dj§Â rflDsn sp zfsY,
.(@ Œq !‫א‬:‫ و‬3 5 ‫ א‬:74 /: 1‫م‬:‫د‬-:‫ ¨ و‬3 : 94SPK )
zKGf{, zfdm kJb sKsj bhD, pJb zflm k]fv ifdb W mfdev mfsU dYstb.
ˆ wsè rflDn pdlW mboVf, khcW zbA `zflm k]fv slr W v™srv mfsU dYstb' wsè
nrDr. dj§Â kfv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, k]fsj nhGiaKm nxdó jvf rsqsY.
zfnst kf dYt zfïfrv Ifqnftf. dkdb nhGswaô bhD W zfïfrv JtDt rshb, kfv
dnÝf§À zfso sKsjƒ rsq dYt. spmb zbAfbA njt dnÝf§À dhw¶-vybfv 50 rfufv hYv
iChG sKsjƒ d²¿v dYt. ˆƒ ubA …ÙÁ rflDsnv ˆjde wsè ˆsnsY, nfrfhD duÎfnf
jvstb, `zfidb jJb sKsj bhD hst dtdJk?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb,
.3&: ~: !ْ ‫א‬:‫@ و‬i‫و‬2 !‫ א‬:74 /: 1‫م‬:‫د‬-:‫ ً( و‬94 b3 PK )
zKGf{, zfdm kJb sKsj bhD hst dtdJk, pJb zflm k]fv slr W v™srv mfsU
dYstb. (zfrmfl 20596, k¶fhfvfbDv jfhDv 12571, zfWnfk¶ 4175, dn} nrDrfr 1856bQ)
spmb dm'vfsu bfmfp 50 zsÙÁv bfmfp Ivspv hAfifsv sjfb sjfb lcht G hBGbfq
zfsY, mrfbhD pJb mCnf bhD -ˆv ivfmswG kf rfîf jvsk yfƒstb, kJb mrfb
zfïfr htstb, ªzfdm spdlb zfnmfb-pmDb nxdó jsvdY, sndlbƒ skfmfv W skfmfv
…©mskv …iv 50 zsÙÁv bfmfp Ivp jsvdY-----.« (bfnf„450bQ)
nckvfQ zflsmv iCshGW nh djYc d²¿v dYt ˆhQ nh djYc `tfWsr-mfrICp'-ˆ dtdihÝ
dYt. kJbW dkdb `swNbhD' W `swaô bhD' hst dtdihÝ dYstb, dj§Â kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq
sp, k]fsj iaKm nxdó jvf rsqdYt ˆhQ nxusbv dlsj dkdb iaKm ˆhQ siavsBv dlsj dkdb
swN bhD dYstb.
nrDr rflDsn zfsY, vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
M PK : V3‫ د‬n5 8: d
4 b1Pْ ‫ א‬::‫ ل‬65 ‫؟‬1db1Pْ 5 ‫א‬:‫ ذ‬8: ‫و‬: M$: ::‫ ل‬65 .d 4 b1Pْ ‫ א‬:1*!5 :‫ ل‬n5 5 :H5 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬1*> !‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: 8: :‫ول‬B 5 B‫@ن‬A »
.« K : B !‫ א‬:‫ م‬nK I: bBO
: N4 :
db}ns¦lsr zfïfr nhGiaKm pf nxdó jsvb, kf rt jtm. zk}iv kfsj hstb,
`dtsJf'. jtm htt, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfdm jD dtJh?' dkdb htstb, `djqfmk
jfsqm rWqf ipG§À iaskAj dudbsnv (OdekhA) kjlDv dtsJf.' (zfhC lf†l 4700,
dkvdmpD 2155, dn} nrDrfr 133bQ)
kfrst nrDr rflDn msk `nhGiaKm nxdó bCsv mcrf©mflD' bq db}ns¦lsr.
zbA ˆjde rflDn iadBLfbspfoA, mrfbhD hstsYb,
3U‫א‬: ': B !‫ א‬:Z5 ;
: ‫و‬: N R4 : B PK @ Pْ MW!‫ א‬R3 :db:P5 ‫و‬: 3 ': !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 1*1 4 : :‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: 1•1 4 ©5 < R4 : 74 JK V: H4 !5 ‫و‬: 1*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 )
291
.(....:‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫و‬
ªzfïfr dYstb, zfv dkdb YfVf sj… dYt bf. k]fv zfvw dYt ifdbv …iv. dkdb
`tfWsr-mfrICp'-ˆ nh djYc (OdekhA) dtdihÝ jsvb. zk}iv dkdb zfjfw-ixdKhD
nxdó jsvb.« (hcJfvD 3191, dmwjfk 5698bQ)
nkjGkfv dhNq sp, zfrtcn ncâfr zt-ufmfzfr nrDr rflDn sKsj zfj¶Dlf oarB
jsv. jfvB pqDI hf uft rflDn sKsj oarB jvf zfj¶Dlf ëf§À rq.
(9) mrfbhD hstsYb, ªzfdm zfïfrv dbje kf]v tWsr mfrICsp dtdJk kJbW
nhGswN bhD, pJb zflm jflf zh²¿fq isV dYstb. zfv ˆv kf{ipG ˆƒ sp, (zfmfv
bhczskv iaKm dhjfw Ose) zfmfv dikf ƒhafrDsmv lczf, „nfv k]fv jWmsj slWqf
ncnQhfl ˆhQ zfmfv zf©mfv slJf snƒ ösi´v mfLAsm, pfsk dkdb k]fv dbje sKsj ˆmb
suAfdk shv rsk slsJb pf, wfmslswv zÕfdtjfnmCrsj zfstfdjk jsvdYt. (zfrXmfl
17163bQ)
ˆ rflDsnW `dkdb iaKm nxdó'---ˆ jKf htf rqdb. zfv ˆ lfhDW ltDtrDb sp,
mrfbhD -ˆv mfsqv dbje sKsj sp bCv shv rsqdYt, kf dYt `bCsv mcrf©mflD'. jfvB
kf dYt öi´, hf²Àh bq.
mcrfdÜn zfïfmf zfthfbD (vfdrmfùïfr) hstb, ˆ jKf ndEj bq sp, vfnCt
zftfƒdrn n¶ftfkc znX-nftfm, dkdbƒ zfïfrv nxdó iaKm mfbcN. spsrkc ˆ rt ofqhD
dhNq, pfv hAfifsv LfvBf j'sv jKf htf mcndtsmv ubA ³hL bq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr
k]fv djkfsh hstb,
٢٨ H~S!‫ " א‬،• V " (٣٦) { ^Q4 : MZ+ : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 R3S“4 V1 5? B7ƒ> !‫ א‬B‫ن‬:A}
zKGf{, dbÇyqƒ hf²Àh hAfifsv LfvBf sjfb jfsu zfsn bf. (ƒ…bcn } 36, bfuXm } 28)
zfv vfnCtïc fr hstsYb,
.« 3¢V3&+
: !ْ ‫ א‬1$:WPْ 5 B7ƒ> !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 B7ƒ> !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 PK VB@A »
zKGf{, skfmvf LfvBf rsk lCsv Kfsjf, jfvB LfvBf rstf nhsysq shdw dmKAf jKf.
(hcJfvD 5143, mcndtm 6701bQ)
nckvfQ pJb sjfb mfbcN htsh, zfïfr zfpXpf zufï nhGiKa m nxdó jsvsYb---
mcrf©mfslv hAdÙÁk¶ hth bf, hvQ spmb Wvf LfvBf jsv---mcrf©mfl -ˆv bCv, kJb
zfmvf hth, zfïfù kfhfvfjf zkfzftf hstsYb,
(٥١) { ‫א‬Q&1 : : q 3 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:Wž
3 bB81 19SKP 8: ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 :Zْ ;
: !5 ‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬:Zْ ;
: H4 X1 I2&:X4 5 8: }
zKGf{, ‚jfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nxdójfst ‚dm kfslvsj (…id²¿k) nf[D vfdJdb
ˆhQ kfslv nxubjfstW bq. zfv ‚dm ˆmbW bƒ sp, dhëf§ÀjfvDslvsj nrfqjv™si
oarB jvh. (jfrI } 51)
nckvfQ sjfsÚsk ˆ ofqhDHfsh LfvBfjfvD ufbsk ifvt sp, zfïfr nhGiaKm mcrf©mfl
zftfƒdrn n¶ftfkc zn-nftfsmv bCv nxdó jsvsYb?
zhwA sn yeX jsv hst hnsh sp, (ufshsvv rflDn) ªzfWqftc mf Jftfj¶fïfù bCvf
bfdhdqAjf ƒqf ufshv!«
 292
zfmvf hth, rflDsnv iaLfb iaLfb Yqde iadnÝ djkfsh, zfv bf zfrtct rflDsnv
dbje idvdyk ncbfb oa§¿nmCsr, zfv bf kfYfVf wk wk zbAfbA rflDnoas§¿ ˆ rflDsnv
sjfb dHdÙ sbƒ. htf hfùtA, snƒ ufsrtslv md²À°j YfVf ˆ rflDsnv sjfb dHdÙ sbƒ,
pfvf bhD -ˆv rj W hfdkt ÈBjDkGbsj dbsuslv siwf hfdbsq dbsqsY, pfv …iv
dbHGv jsv kfvf uDhbLfvB jvsY.
i[f§Àsv hù …tfmfv dbje nrDr rflDn äfvf sjfb zfjDlf iamfB jvf ³hL bq. hvQ
k]fvf wkGfsvfi jsvb sp, zfjDlf iamfB jvsk rflDnsj `mckfWqfdkv' rsk rsh.
rflDn sjht `nrDr' rstƒ rsh bf; pdlW kfv lcƒ hf dkbde nCÛ Kfsj. uv¢vD rt, sn
rflDn spb dhwde nCsÛ zKGf{, dhwub nfrfhD jkGj x hdBGk rsq Kfsj. kshƒ snƒ rflDn
äfvf zfjDlf iamfB rsh.
zfmvf pdlW ˆ vfq nmKGb jdv bf. spsrkc vnCt sKsj zfjDlf-zfrjfm pfƒ
ˆsnsY, zfmvf kfsk sjfb ifKGjA jdv bf. jfvB …Hsqvƒ zbcnvB jvf ˆhQ kfv
dbje zfk¹nmiGB jvf Wqfsuh. khcW zfmvf …sïJ jvdY sp, hù …tfmf snƒ rflDsn
`mckfWqfdkv' rWqfv wkGfsvfi jsvsYb, sp rflDn äfvf zfjDlf iamfB jvf …sÜwA
rq. k]fvf ˆ wkG ˆ zfoasrƒ zfsvfi jsvsYb, pfsk mcndtm ˆmb zfjDlf sifNB bf
jsv hsn, pfsk rqskf sjfb hBGbfjfvDv ±mxdkdhëm OsesY.
ˆklXnsÙ¶W zfIsnfsnv dhNq sp, hkGmfsbv zdLjfQw mfbcN snƒ nh zfjDlfq
dhw¶fnD, pfv dHdÙ rt pqDI rflDn, hvQ uft rflDn. spmb ˆƒ rflDn, ªzfWqftc mf
Jftfj¶fïfù bCvf bfdhdqAjf ƒqf ufshv!«
ˆƒ ubA mcndtsmv ubA (nhGiaKm nxdó bhDv bCv) ˆmb zfjDlf sifNB jvf ³hL bq.
spsrkc kf sjfb ˆjefW nrDr rflDsn hdBGk rqdb. (lcv¢ncw wfqJ zfthfbD 4/3)
htf hfùtA, ˆ dhw¶fn ëf§À, pfsk msb jvf rq,
`zfmfv mcdwGsldv bCsvv Lfvfq,
jctX mfJXtcjfk nxdó rt-
zfvw-jcnDG , tfWr W jtm
k]fvƒ bCsv nxdó rt.---'
`dYt bhDv bcv siwfbDsk, kfƒ Fcht bf djwXkD bcsrv
icVt bf zfÈsb ruvk ƒhvfrDm sn bmXv¢slv,
h]fyt ƒ…sbfn mfsYv sise ±mvB j'sv bhDv il,
slfuJ zfmfv rfvfm rt
disq sjfvfsbv dwvDbX wrl..'
293

dkdb dj zfmfslv mskf

nfLfvB mfbcN dYstb?
dhw¶bhD mcrf©mflv vfnCtïc fr zfmfslv mskf vÙÁ, ymG, mfQn W zd²¿v oVf mfbcN
dYstb. zfmfslv mskf dikfv Švsn W mfkfv osHG k]fv u¦m rsqdYt. zfmfslv mskf
dkdb sJskb, ifb jvskb. nc²¿-znc²¿ Kfjskb. dh±mxk rskb, ±mvB jvskb.
dhhfr-wflD jsvsYb, k]fv ˆjfdLj ²ÃD dYt. dkdb n§Àfsbv ubj dYstb. hAhnf-hfdBuA
jvskb. lc}J-swfj, hAKf W p§ÃBf zbcHh jvskb. k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf rk ˆhQ kf
zidhÛ dYt. k]fv bfifjDv …pC-sofnstv iasqfub rk. (dkvdmpD 2491bQ) uDdhk
dYstb, ƒd§Àjft jsvsYb. mfbcsNv njt iajdx k W iasqfub k]fv mfsU dYt.
dkdb `hfwfv' dYstb. hfwfv rstf zfwvfIct mfJtCjfk. nckvfQ `hfwfv' wsè sjfb
kc¤YfKG sbƒ. kfv isvW dkdb dYstb `nfƒdqAlct hfwfv.'
dkdb W njt bhDƒ mfbcN dYstb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫( " א م‬٩١) {N R4 : 7M8 ٍ f: /: 5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ل‬T: 5 8: ْ‫! א‬K 65 ‫ذ‬4 @A 3•@ &4 65 BZO : :*’ !‫وאْ א‬1 :&65 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, kfvf zfïfrv pKfspfoA mpGflf lfb jsvdb, pJb kfvf hst, `zfïfr mfbcsNv
dbje djYcƒ zhkDBG jsvbdb.' (‚bX‚m } 91)
H \‫ א‬/A (١١) {3•3‫ د‬:3 74 83 f: V: 7:8 5 : 27'1 V: :*’ !‫ א‬B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: H4 JK K „4 8M < f: /: >?@A 17+ 4 B ‫@ن‬A H4 X1 K 1 1 H4 X1 !5 9
4 !5 65 }
zKGf{, kfslv vnCtoB kfslvsj htt, `(nkA hse) zfmvf skfmfslv mk mfbcN, dj§Â
zfïfr kf]v hf¦lfslv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf zbcora jsv Kfsjb. (ƒhafrDm } 11)
}XJ!‫( " א‬١١٠) {&< O 3 ‫א‬:‫! <* و‬5 @A H4 JK X1 !5 @A ': B5 BR!5 @A O : V1 H4 JK K „4 8M < f: /: :5 ': B@A 4 6K }
zKGf{, kcdm ht, `‚dm skf skfmfslv mkƒ ˆjub mfbcN; ‚mfv iadk iakAfslw rq
sp, skfmfslv …ifnAƒ ˆjmfÛ …ifnA.' (jfrXI } 110)
9 # " (٦) {&< O 3 ‫א‬:‫! <* و‬5 @A H4 JK X1 !5 @A ': B5 BR!5 @A O : V1 H4 JK K „4 8M < f: /: :5 ': B@A 4 6K }
zKGf{, ht, zfdm skf sjht skfmfslv mkƒ ˆjub mfbcN, zfmfv iadk (zrD)
iakAfslw rq sp, skfmfslv …ifnA (mfÛ) ˆjmfÛ …ifnA. (rf-mDm nfulfr } 6)
‫( " א‬٣٤) {:‫ون‬1&!3 ž : !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 5 B98M ‫‘@ن‬5 5 :&ْ ž 1 !ْ ‫ א‬5h3465 7M8 ٍ f: :!3 S:ْ : L : 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfdm skfmfv iCshG sjfb mfbcNsj zb§À uDhb lfb jdvdb; nckvfQ skfmfv mxkcA
rst kfvf dj dyvuDhD rsq Kfjsh? (‚dìqf } 34)
NdS:3 ‫و‬: ٍ ž
3 : 74 83 › SB L
: 5h!5 :‫ ن‬JK I: ‫و‬4 5 (٩٠) ً 1S4 V: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬74 83 S:!5 : ~ 1 Yْ I: bBO : 5h!5 :783 —4 1 74 !5 ‫! א‬K 65 ‫و‬:
 294
3 J5 s3 ': !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3% /3 :RI3 ْ‚I: ‫و‬4 5 ً Y: P3 S:4 5 : :9'4 : ‫ز‬: ': P5 : ': B !‫• א‬5 n3 4 I1 ‫و‬4 5 (٩١) ‫•ًא‬3~Yْ I: X: !5 ;
3 : X: 5 ‫ א‬: ~
M Y5 b15
ً / b:P3 S:4 5 : :‫ل‬TM S:I1 bBO
: 5hM 63 1 !3 :783 —4 1 74 !5 ‫و‬: 3 ': B !‫ א‬R3 65 4 I: ‫و‬4 5 N 1 ;
4 ‫ز‬1 74 83 9
< 4 /: 5h!5 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫و‬4 5 (٩٢) ً 3 65
>?@A x:&X1 !ْ ‫ א‬H4 \1 : L
: ‫ذ‬4 @A ‫ א‬S183 —4 V1 ‫ن‬4 5 :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬:ŠS:8: 8: ‫و‬: (٩٣) ?ً 1 B ‫א‬Q f: /: >?:A 19SKP 4 \: RM/: :‫ ن‬+
: 4 1 4 6K •1–: nْ :
74 83 H4 X@ 4 5 : S:!ْ TB S:!5 : SM ^3 ': Œْ 81 :‫ ن‬f1 '4 V: › J5 s3 8: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬R3 :‫ ن‬P5 4 !5 4 6K (٩٤) ?ً 1 : ‫ ًא‬f: /: K%‫ א‬:¢: /:5 ‫! א‬K 65 ‫ن‬4 5
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٩٥) {?ً 1 : ً J5 8: 3 ': B !‫א‬
zKGf{, kfvf htt, `jJbƒ ‚mvf skfmfv iadk dhw¶fn ²¿fib jvh bf, pk[B bf
kcdm ‚mfslv ubA HCdm rsk ˆj ianha B …{nfdvk jvsh. zKhf skfmfv sJucsvv
djQhf ‚Ìcsvv ˆj hfofb rsh pfv I]fsj I]fsj kcdm zuna Lfvfq iahfdrk j'sv slsh
blD-bftf. zKhf kcdm spmb hst Kfsjf, snƒ zbcpfqD ‚jfwsj Jà-dhJà j'sv
‚mfslv …iv sItsh zKhf ‚ïfr W dIdvñfslvsj ‚mfslv nfmsb …id²¿k jvsh.
zKhf skfmfv ˆjde öBGdbdmGk oxr rsh, zKhf kcdm ‚jfsw ‚svfrB jvsh; dj§Â
skfmfv ‚jfw ‚svfrB ‚mvf jJsbf dhw¶fn jvh bf, pk[B kcdm ‚mfslv iadk ˆj
djkfh zhkDBG bf jvsh; pf ‚mvf ifE jvh.' ht, `idhÛ mrfb ‚mfv iadkiftj!
‚dm skf ðLc ˆjub mfbcN, ˆjub vnCt mfÛ.' pJb mfbcsNv dbje iK-dbslGw ˆt,
kJb kfslvsj dhw¶fn ²¿fib rsk ˆƒ …dÙÁƒ dhvk vfJt sp, `‚ïfr dj ˆjub
mfbcNsj vnCt j'sv ifdEsqsYb?' ht, `dIdvñfvf pdl dbdÇyk rsq ixdKhDsk dhyvB
jvk, kfrst zhwAƒ ‚dm ‚jfw rsk dIdvñfsjƒ kfslv dbje vnCt j'sv
ifEfkfm. (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 90-95)
{‫א‬Q V3W: 1*: 8: :‫ ن‬JK : 5 ›h5 8: 3*4 !5 @A :‫ل‬T@ K !5 4 !5 @‫אق‬: 4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬R3 R3f'4 V:‫و‬: :‫ م‬: Œ> !‫ א‬1 PK ْ‚V: @‫ ل‬1 B !‫א א‬:W\: @‫ ل‬8: ‫! א‬K 65 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, Wvf hst, `ˆ sjmb vnCt, sp zfrfv jsv ˆhQ rfse hfufsv ytfsIvf jsv!
kfv dbje sjfb dIdvñf zhkDBG jvf rt bf sjb; sp nkjGjfvDv™si kfv nsÌ Kfjk?
(Icvj¶fb } 7)
mrfb zfïfr kfv uhfsh zfsvf hstsYb,
H4 JK : 4 /: S:ْ : L
: ‫و‬: @‫אق‬: 4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬R3 :‫ ن‬f1 '4 V:‫و‬: :‫ م‬: Œ> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬K PK ْ‚: !5 H4 X1 B@A !> @A : 3: 4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 5h5 4 65 S:ْ : 4 5 8:‫}و‬
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬٢٠) {‫א‬Q•#
3 /: 5h/2: :‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: :‫ون‬1 3 #
4 I:5 ً S:b4 3 m
ٍ 4 :!3
zKGf{, skfmfv iCshG zfdm sp nh vnCt siavB jsvdY, kfvf njstƒ skf zfrfv jvk
W rfse-hfufsv ytfsIvf jvk. zfdm skfmfslv msLA ˆjsj zisvv ubA ivD[föv™i
jsvdY. skfmvf SLpG LfvB jvsh dj? skfmfv iadkiftj nm²À djYcv nmAj ûóf.
(Icvj¶fb } 20)
bhDv mfbcN rWqf ˆhQ mfbh-ufdkHcÙÁ rWqfsj mrfb zfïfr ˆjde zbcora drsnsh
hBGbf jsvsYb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
1HX1 '1 q : V1 ‫و‬: H4 X@ Pq T: V1 ‫و‬: 3*I3 V: - H4 X@ 4 5 : K b4 V: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 74 8M ?ً 1 : H4 X@ 3 :¢: /: ‫ذ‬4 @A : S3 83 —1'!ْ ‫ א‬5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬B78: &4 n5 !5 }
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٦٤) {ٍ 3 82 ‫ ٍل‬k: R3Y!5 1 4 65 738 ْ‫ א‬1 P5 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: 5 ': Jْ +
3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ b:J3 !ْ ‫א‬
zKGf{, zfïfr zhwAƒ dhÇhfnDslv iadk kfslv dbsuslv msLA rsk vnCt siavB j'sv
295
zbcora jsvsYb. sn (bhD) kfv zfqfkÈdt kfslv dbje zfhxdÙ j'sv kfslvsj
idvðÝ jsv ˆhQ kfslvsj oa§¿ W iaÎf dw[f slq. zfv zhwAƒ kfvf iCshG ±ió
dhëfd§Àsk dYt. (‚st ƒmvfb } 164)
mrfbhD hstsYb, zfdm zflmD, zflm-n§Àfb, zfdm ˆjub mfbcN mfÛ, zfdm
skfmfslv mskfƒ mfbcN.
ˆjlf Iusvv bfmfp ðv¢ jsv nfrfhfoBsj ƒdÌk jvstb, skfmvf dbu dbu ²¿fsb
zsi[f jv. zk}iv dkdb hfdV iashw jsv djYc[sBv msLAƒ shv rsq ˆstb. kJb
k]fv mfKf sKsj ifdb Usv iVdYt. zk}iv bfmfp swN jsv htstb,
.( QS1L
1 19S4 PK RM@A‫و‬: ، < f: /: :5 ': B@A)
zfdm ˆjub mfbcNƒ. zfdm zidhÛ dYtfm. (sofnt jvsk Hcst dosqdYtfm.
(zfrmfl 20420bQ)
ˆjlf bfmfp iVsk dosq dkdb Hct j'sv yfv vfjzfskv ufqofq i]fy vfjzfk isV
sItstb. nftfm dIvfv isv k]fsj sn hAfifsv htf rst lc'de nù dnulf j'sv htstb,
.(R3 ‫و‬1 Pq :W5 19 3 : ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 :‫ن‬4 : S4 I: ': P5 : 45 H4 JK K „4 83 < f: /: :5 ': B@A)
ªzfdm skf skfmfslvƒ mskf ˆjub mfbcN. zfdmW Hcst pfƒ, spmb skfmvf Hcst pfW.
nckvfQ zfdm Hcst sost skfmvf zfmfsj msb idVsq dlsqf.« (hcJfvD 401, mcndtm 572bQ)
ˆjlf dkdb nfrfhfslvsj slJstb, k]fvf sJucv smfYfv ivfo-dmtb nfLb jvsYb;
zKGf{, mflf ofsYv smfYf dbsq mflD ofsYv smfYfv nfsK sh]sL dls¤Yb. dkdb htstb,
ªzfmfv msb rq ‰v™i jvfsk sjfb tfH sbƒ. ‰v™i bf jvstW sJucv Itsh.« k]fv
ˆ m§ÀhA ðsb nfrfhfoB kf kAfo jvstb. dj§Â sJucv Itfv nmq slJf sot, sJucv
idvicó rqdb; Ist kfv ItbW Hfstf rqdb. dkdb kf slsJ htstb, ªjD hAfifv,
skfmfslv sJucsvv Itb sbƒ sjb?« k]fvf htstb, spsrkc zfidb ivfo-dmtb Oefsk
dbsNL jsvdYstb, snsrkc kf bf jvfv Ist Itb jm rsqsY. dkdb htstb,
.3*>!‫ א‬5: :$3WPْ 5 74 55 ،1*>!‫ א‬:‫ ل‬65 : H4 JK !5 19ْ6K 8: 74 J3 !5‫و‬: ،1d #
3 V1‫و‬: 1ÅŒ3 ž
4 V1 B7ƒ> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ،4HJK K„483 < f: /: :5 ': B@A
ªzfdm skf skfmfslvƒ mskf ˆjub mfbcN. zfv LfvBf Hct rq, dEjW rq. dj§Â
zfdm pJb hdt, `zfïfr hstsYb' kJb jJbƒ zfïfrv hAfifsv dmKAf hth bf.«
(zfrmfl, ƒhsb mfufr, mcndtm 6276bQ dHâ wsè)
mfbcsNv zbcmfb drnfsh dkdb k]fslvsj ˆ jKf hstdYstb. zfv ˆef bhczskv s[sÛ
sjfb zn©iCBk G f bq, Û¢deW bq. bhDv ubA yfND bf rWqf, jfmfv hf Ycskfv bf rWqf
sjfb slfsNv bq.
ˆjlf vfdÛ shtfq mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) nkDbslv iadk „NGf iajfw jvst
mrfbhD k]fsj htstb, ªzfsqwf! skfmfsj skfmfv wqkfb LsvsY.« zfsqwf
htstb, `zfibfv dj wqkfb sbƒ?' dkdb htstb,
.« ‫ <ن‬Œ5 4 : 1*!5 >?@A ¤ 83 :‫د‬- 74 83 8: »
zKGf{, ˆmb sjfb zflm-n§Àfb (zflmD hf mfbcN) sbƒ, pfv wqkfb sbƒ.
zfsqwf htstb, `zfv zfidb sr zfïfrv vnCt!' dkdb htstb, ªzfv zfdmW. ksh
 296
zfdm kfv dhv¢sÝ zfïfrv jfsY lczf jsvdY, kfƒ zfdm dbvfil Kfdj.« (hfƒrfj¶D 2552,
rfsjm 832, ƒhsb drêfb 1933, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 654bQ)
dkdb hstsYb,
:‫ق‬:&,
: 1*B5 1d3 O
4 5‚5 m
ٍ 4 /: 74 83 :š5 /4 5 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫ن‬4 5 H4 JK : 4 /: B : 5 5 1H#
4ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬R3S I3 ْ‚V: 1*B@A‫و‬: < f: /: :5 ': B@A)
.( X: Pْ 1 b4 : ْ 5 ‫و‬4 5 \: W4 ;
1 ْ‚: ْ 5 @ SB!‫ א‬74 83 › : Œْ 63 :R\3 ': B@‘5 Hٍ 34 81 MZ+
: /3 1*!5 194 : 65 74 ': 5 5h!3:W/3 1*!5 :R3 6ْ 5‚5
ªzfdm skf ˆjub mfbcN. zfv skfmvf (dhhfl jsv) Ifqnftfv ubA zfmfv dbje
zfsnf. rqskf skfmfslv sj… sj… zsbAv kctbfq zdLj hfjXiec. zfv zfdm kfv
jKfv dHdÙsk kfv is[ Ifqnftf jdv. nckvfQ zfdm pdl jf…sj kfv (mcndtm)
Hfƒsqv rj kfv ubA Ifqnftf jsv dlƒ, kfrst zfnst zfdm kfv ubA zfÈsbv
ecjvf sjse dlƒ.« (hcJfvD 2458, mcndtm 4572bQ)
@74 5 n5 ‰: H4 JK 3 ›g@ I: :5 ‫و‬: :d L 3 K‚5 /M: 1‫ ل‬1 : : I3 ْ‚V: ‫ن‬4 5 Kh3 V1 < f: /: :5 ': B@‘5 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 5?5 1&4 /: 8B 5 »
.« 3*/3 ‫ א‬JK 3 '4 b:4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*> !‫ א‬3$ b:J3 /3 ‫وא‬1Wž 1 5 1 S2!‫א‬:‫ و‬x:&X1 !ْ ‫ א‬3* 3 3*> !‫ א‬1$ b:P3 ': X1 !K ‫و‬B 5
ªzk}iv sr stfj njt! swfsbf, zfdm ˆjub mfbcN mfÛ, wDOaƒ (zfmfv dbje)
zfmfv iadkiftsjv lCk zfnshb ˆhQ zfdm (zfïfrv dbje pfWqfv ubA) k]fv Ffsj
nfVf slh. zfdm skfmfslv mfsU lc'de HfvD (Èv¢k¶iCBG) h²Â sYsV pfd¤Y. kfv msLA ˆjde
zfïfrv djkfh, pfsk drlfqfk W zfstf vsqsY. nckvfQ skfmvf zfïfrv djkfhsj
oarB jv ˆhQ kf mphck j'sv LfvB jv.« (mcndtm 6378bQ)
dkdb (mf-zfsqwf) zfsvf hstb, dkdb zbAfbA mfbcsNv mk ˆjub mfbcN dYstb;
örs²À jfiV idv®jfv jvskb, lcL slfrfskb ˆhQ dbsuv sJlmk dbsuƒ jvskb.
zbAbfA icv¢Nvf spmb dbsuslv hfVDsk jfu jsv, zbcv™i dkdb W kf]v jfisV kfdt
tfofskb ˆhQ ucskf dntfƒ jvskb. (nrDr zflfhct mcIvfl 1/215, nrDùt ufsm' 9068)
.«ً ': O
4 : ‫و‬: "ً P5 ‫ز‬: 1*!5 X: ْ : L
4 5 1*I1&4 5 L
: ‫و‬4 5 1*b1S4 : !5 ‫و‬4 5 1*b14 :: : '3 34 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:783 ٍ L
1 : ': V25‚5 < f: /: :5 ': B@A BHX1 > !‫»א‬
zfdm ˆjub mfbcN mfÛ. nckvfQ sp sjfbW mcndtmsj zfdm jó dlsqdY, smsvdY
zKhf ofdt dlsqdY, kf kcdm kfv ubA vrmk W idhÛkf hfbfW, ˆmb ³bjeA hfbfW,
pfv äfvf sn djqfmskv dlb skfmfv ³bjeA tfH jvsk ifsv. (mcndtm 6781,zfrmfl
2/449, dn} nrDrfr 83bQ)
i[f§Àsv sjfb mfbcNƒ k]fv mskf (nmfb) bq. zfmvf k]fv mskf mfbcN bƒ. zfmvf
mfbh, dj§Â dkdb mrfmfbh. zfmvf nfLfvB mfbcN, dj§Â dkdb znfLfvB mfbcN.
zfmvf n©mfsb k]fv mskf bƒ. vfufW mfbcN smKvW mfbcN. kf hst …Hsq dj mpGflfq
nmfb rsk ifsv? nfLfvB mfbcNslv dHksvƒ jk sHlfsHl hkGmfb. nckvfQ dkdb
nxdóok dlj sKsj `mfbcN' rstW mfsb-n©mfsb, öHfsh-ydvsÛ, slfsN-ÈsB k]fv msLA W
zbAfbA mfbcsNv msLA hù ifKGjA dhlAmfb. spmb }-
(1) dkdb bhD, k]fv …isv zrD zhkDBG rskf. zfmfslv msLA sj… kf bq, rskW
ifsv bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
}XJ!‫( " א‬١١٠) {&< O3 ‫א‬:‫! <* و‬5 @A H4 JK X1 !5 @A ': B5 BR!5 @A O
: V1 H4 JK K „4 8M < f: /: :5 ': B@A 4 6K }
297
zKGf{, kcdm ht, `‚dm skf skfmfslv mkƒ ˆjub mfbcN; ‚mfv iadk iakAfslw rq
sp, skfmfslv …ifnAƒ ˆjmfÛ …ifnA.' (jfrXI } 110)
9 # " (٦) {&< O 3 ‫א‬:‫! <* و‬5 @A H4 JK X1 !5 @A ': B5 BR!5 @A O
: V1 H4 JK K „4 8M < f: /: :5 ': B@A 4 6K }
zKGf{, ht, `zfdm skf sjht skfmfslv mkƒ ˆjub mfbcN, zfmfv iadk (zrD)
iakAfslw rq sp, skfmfslv …ifnA (mfÛ) ˆjmfÛ …ifnA.' (rf-mDm nfulfr } 6)
(2) zdkiafjxk dhNsq sj…ƒ k]fv mskf bq. dkdb ˆjefbf svfpf vfJskb. nfrfhDoB
k]fv mskf vfJsk yfƒstb. dkdb htstb,
.(R3S n3 4 V: ‫و‬: RM/: R3S'1 3 Œْ V1 19 /3 5 RM@A H4 JK 5 „483 194 !5 RM@A)
`(ˆ dhNsq) skfmvf zfmfv mskf bW. zfdm skf vfdÛ zdkhfdrk jdv, zfv zfmfv
iadkiftj zfmfsj ifbfrfv jvfb.' (hcJfvD 7299, mcndtm 2626, dmwjfk 1986bQ)
zfmfslv wvDv OmGfÙÁ rst lcoGá shv rq. zfv k]fv wvDsvv Ofm dYt zfvshv
nhGswaô zfkv.
ˆjlf dkdb …s©m nctfƒm (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v Osv ˆsn ðsq Ocdmsq sostb. dkdb
OmGfÙÁ rst …s©m nctfƒm snƒ Ofm umf jvsk tfostb. dkdb suso …sE kf slsJ
duÎfnf jvstb, `jD hAfifv …s©m nctfƒm?' htstb, `zfibfv Ofm. zfmfslv
ncodásk dmdwsq slh. zfv kf rsh swaô ncodá.' (mcndtm 6201bQ)
zfmfslv yct, KcKc zKhf hAhr™k jfiV ƒkAfdlsk sjfb hjGk sbƒ. mrfbhD -ˆv
kf dYt.
zfmvf zfmfslv diYsb jD zfsY slJsk ifƒ bf. dkdb dhswN j'sv bfmfsp nfmsb
spmb slJskb, skmdb diYsbW slJskb. ˆjlf ˆj bfmfspv nftfm dIsv dkdb
htstb, ªskfmvf skfmfslv v¢jC W dnulfsj idviCBvG ™si zflfq jv. snƒ nÙfv wiK!
p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, zfmfv dbje skfmfslv v¢jC, dnulfr W dhbq-bmakf
z±ió bq. zfdm zfmfv disEv diYb sKsj slJsk ifƒ, spmb nfmsb slJsk ifƒ.
(zfrmfl 9796, hcJfvD 418, mcndtm 986, rfsjm 1/361, ƒhsb Jcpfƒmf 474, dmwjfk 868bQ)
zfmvf Ocmfst ˆj iajfv mfvfƒ pfƒ. zfv dkdb Ocmfst k]fv y[c Ocmfskf, dj§Â z§Àv
nufo Kfjskf.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `vfnCtcïfr vmpfb W zbAfbA mfsn
(kfrfÏcl kKf kfvfhDr) 11 vfjzfskv shwD iVskb bf. iaKsm yfv vfjzfk
iVskb. nckvfQ kfv snZ¦lpG W ³lOGA n©isjG iaw´ƒ jsvf bf. kfviv (zfhfv) yfv
vfjzfk iVskb. nckvfQ kfv snZ¦lpG W ³lOGA nìsá iaw´ƒ jsvf bf. zk}iv dkb
vfjzfk (dhkXv) iVskb. (ˆjlf dkdb dhkXv iVfv zfsoƒ ðsq sostb.) zfdm
httfm, ªsr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb dj dhkXv iVfv iCshGƒ Ocmfshb?« dkdb htstb,
.« 3ْ 65 1‫ م‬S:V: 5?‫و‬: @‫ ن‬8: S:I: B S:4 : B‫@ن‬A K f: s3 : V: »
ªzfsqwf! zfmfv y[cäq Ocmfq; dj§Â z§Àv suso Kfsj.« (hcJfvD 1147, mcndtm 1757bQ)
k]fv y[c dbûfdHHCk rskf, dj§Â r™lq dbûfdHHCk rskf bf. (hcJfvD 859, 1147, mcndtm
1757, 1826, zfhC lf†l 202, dkvdmpD 439, bfnf„ 1697bQ)
zfmvf syóf jvst zhf²Àh sHdî hf pflc slJfsk ifdv, dj§Â dkdb sldJsqsYb
 298
zstZdjj jk mc'dupf.
W]vf hstb, `dEj zfsY, dEj zfsY. dkdb sp hfwfv, kf skf zfmvf zöDjfv jvdY bf.
zfv hfwfdvqfk iamfB rstƒ k]fv bCdvqfk Jkm rsq pfq bf. zfnst dkdb dYstb bCvD
hfwfv.'
zfmvf hdt, zfso sldJ syqfv oV, kfvisv kfv bjwf jv. zfso ˆ jKf iamfdBk
srfj sp, dkdb bCv sKsj nxdó, kfviv bf rq mfbf pfsh dkdb bCvD-hfwfvD. iamfB Kfjst
ˆ jKf mfbsk jfsvf sjfb hfLf Kfjskƒ ifsv bf.
nfmdqjHfsh dIdvwXkf mfbcsNv zfjfv LfvB jsvsYb. nckvfQ mrfbhD hfwfv
rWqf nsÙ¶W bCvD Kfjshb bf sjb? …imfb W …ismq ˆjƒ swaBDv bf rstW ksjGv
Jfdksv zfmfslv mfbsk sjfb hfLf sbƒ, pdl k]fv bCvD rWqfv jKf ndEj iamfdBk rq.
ˆ dhNsq zfvhD jdh wfvIcÜDb hcsnvDv ˆ jKf hV ƒbnfIiCBG W ltDtdHdÙj. dkdb
hstsYb,
HX P %‫ א‬Z ; •; * ‫ و‬.... f/ * * H !‫ א‬š '
zKGf{, k]fv hAfifsv swN ÎfkhA ˆƒ sp, dkdb rs¤Yb mfbcN. zfv dkdb rs¤Yb
zfïfrv nfvf nxdóv snvf.
i[f§Àsv ˆ jKf ödhsvfLD W ëf§À sp, `hfwfv rWqf nsÙ¶W dkdb hfwfdvqfskv njt
ÈB mcÙÁ.' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 216ix})
zfmfslvsj spmb msb vfJsk rsh sp, vfuf W mcdy-smKv zhwAƒ nmfb bq, skmdb
ˆ jKfW msb vfJsk rsh sp, vfuf W vfufdLvfuW nmfb bq. pfsk zfmvf spb
`nfƒdqAlct hfwfv' mrfbhD -sj `Jfstj¶ct hfwfv'-ˆv mpGflfq ˆjfjfv jsv bf dlƒ.
dkdb hstsYb,
.((1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬1&4 : ‫! א‬K nK 5 ،1•1&4 : :5 ': B@‘5 :HV: 4 8: :7/4 ‫ א‬x: #
: SB!‫ א‬U
4 : ¦ْ 5 ': P5 R3 ‫و‬1 Œْ I1 5?))
zKGf{, skfmvf zfmfsj dbsq (zfmfv kf'pDsm) hfVfhfdV jsvf bf, spmb dJa±efbvf
(„nf) ƒhsb mfvqAfmsj dbsq jsvsY. zfdm skf zfïfv lfn mfÛ. zkˆh skfmvf
zfmfsj zfïfrv lfn W k]fv vnCtƒ hstf.« (hcJfvD 3445, mcndtm, dmwjfk 4897bQ)

dkdb W zfïfrv zfvw

`zfïfrv zfvw k]fv mckXkfjf---zfvfm sjlfvf. (kfv mfsb ƒdu-syqfv.)'
ˆv ltDt? swJ nf'lDv ˆƒ …dÙÁ,
Jb8 ‫ د‬/ ‫ &ش‬Ð ‫* ش‬P ‫א‬ ‫ ;&א א‬d O
zKGf{, sJflfv rfhDh, bhDjct dwvmdB, mrfb zfvw rstf pfv zfvfm sjlfvf. (bCsv
mcufnXnfm 267ix})
ˆ jdhkf dbpfdmqf mfûfnfv iafKdmj ipGfsqv YfÛvf IfvnD jdhkf-icd²Àjfq ifE jsv
Kfsj. nftfID zfjDlfv mfûfnfÈstfskW iVfsbf rq nCID stJjslv hƒ-ic²j À . Ist
nftfID zfstmslv zfjDlf-ofsYW zfstfj-tkfv mskf ivofYfv zfdLikA Kfsj.
zsbsj snnh jKf idVsq pfb, dj§Â kuGmfv isv kfv …iv sjfb m§ÀhA jsvb bf hf
299
zmCtj zfjDlfv Jàb jsvb bf. nCIDhflD zfjDlfv dhlfzfkD out ðsbW mfKf
drtfb, zfjDlfv nQswfLb jsvb bf.
dj§Â p]fvf jcvzfb ifE jsvb, k]fvf ufsbb. nhGndx óv †sL¶G rt jcvnD, kfv …iv
zfvw. zfvsw zfsYb mrfb zfïfr. dkdbƒ mrfb zfvswv zdLidk. dkdb hstsYb,
*-¦ " (٥) {x: b:4 ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬5 : 17': O 4 B !‫}א‬
zKGf{, ivm lqfmq zfvsw nmfnDb. (k¶f-rf } 5)
/ b!‫( א‬١٢٩) {@H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬2$: : \1 ‫و‬: 19ْ P> : I: 3*4 5 : : \1 >?@A :*!5 @A 5? 1*’ !‫ א‬:R3 4 O : 4 nK 5 ْ‫א‬4 !>: I: ‫‘@ن‬5 }
zKGf{, zk}iv pdl kfvf mcJ dIdvsq sbq, ksh kcdm hst lfW, `zfmfv ubA skf
zfïfrƒ psKó. dkdb YfVf zbA sjfb (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ. zfdm kf]vƒ …iv dbHGv
jsvdY, zfv dkdb rs¤Yb zdk hV zfvswv mfdtj.' (kfWhfr } 129)
‫( " א‬٢٢) {:‫ ن‬YK # 3 V: 'B : @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬M$: 3*> !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬+ : 41 5 I:&: : Y5 !5 1*> !‫@ >! א‬A › X: !3- ': X@ 3 :‫ ن‬P5 4 !5 }
zKGf{, pdl zfïfr hAkDk zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk hù …ifnA Kfjk,
kfrst …Hqƒ L¶Qn rsq spk. nckvfQ Wvf sp hBGbf slq, kf sKsj zfvswv zdLidk
zfïfr idhÛ, mrfb. (‚dìqf } 22)
(٨٧) {:‫ ن‬nK bBI: 5 5 5 4 6K 3*> !3 :‫! ن‬K nK : : (٨٦) @H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬2$: ‫و‬: @Š4B !‫ א‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬$ 2 B 7:8 4 6K }
zKGf{, dusÎn jv, `sj nåfjfw W mrf zfvswv zdLidk?' kfvf htsh, `zfïfr.'
ht, `khcW dj skfmvf nfhLfb rsh bf.' (mc'dmbCb } 86-87)
‫ ن‬S8— ‫( " א‬١١٦) {@HV@ J5 !ْ ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬2$: : \1 !> @A :*!5 @A 5? 2Z+ : !ْ ‫ א‬Kh3': !ْ ‫* א‬1 > !‫! א‬5 : b:5 }
zKGf{, mdrmfd¦hk zfïfr; dpdb iajk x mfdtj, dkdb hAkDk sjfb (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ;
n©mfdbk zfvswv zdLidk dkdb.' (mc'dmbCb } 116)
'S!‫( " א‬٢٦) {@H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬2$: : \1 !> @A :*!5 @A 5? 1*>!‫}א‬
zKGf{, zfïfr, dkdb hAkDk sjfb (nkA) …ifnA sbƒ, dkdb mrf zfvswv zdLidk.
(bfmXt } 26)
;T!‫( " א‬٨٢) {:‫ ن‬YK # 3 V: 'B : @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬M$: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬M$: :‫ ن‬+ : 41 }
zKGf{, Wvf pf zfsvfi jsv, kf rsk zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv zdLidk ˆhQ zfvswv
zdLjfvD idhÛ W mrfb. (pcJv¢I } 82)
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٤٢) { ً 3 : @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬c3‫! ذ‬5 @A ْ‫א‬4 “: b:/4>? ‫א‬Q‫@ذ‬A :‫! ن‬K nK V: ': P5 › X: !3- 1*: 8: :‫ ن‬P5 4 !> 6K }
zKGf{, ht, kfslv jKfmk pdl k]fv nfsK ‚svf …ifnA Kfjk, ksh kfvf ‚vw
zdLidkv iadkäd¦äkf jvhfv …ifq zs¦hNB jvk. (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 42)
(١٥) {@‫ ق‬5 bB!‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: : 3WS1 !3 3•3‫ د‬:3 74 83 f: V: 7:8 5 : 3•@ 84 5 74 83 :i‫و‬2 !‫ א‬R3nْ V1 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫و א‬1‫ ذ‬3U L : : B&!‫ א‬1Š 3 : }
zKGf{, dkdb nc…¤y mpGflfnmCsrv zdLjfvD, zfvswv zdLidk, dkdb k]fv lfnslv msLA
pfv iadk ƒ¤Yf öDq zfslwnr WrD (iakAfslw) siavB jsvb, pfsk sn nf[fskv dlb
(djqfmk) n©isjG nkjG jvsk ifsv. (mc'dmb } 15)
‫( " א!¡وج‬١٥) {1& ~ 3 ': !ْ ‫ش@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫و א‬1‫( ذ‬١٤) 1‫ود‬1‫د‬: !ْ ‫ א‬1 YK “: !ْ ‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: }
 300
zKGf{, dkdbƒ [mfwDt, siammq. dkdb zfvswv zdLidk soZvhmq. (hcv¢u } 14-15)
mrfb zfïfrv zfvsw k]fv bhD -sj dhbf ltDst jDHfsh wvDj jvf pfq, diaq ifEj kf
ˆjhfv sHsh slJshb. ˆjub IfvnD jdhv …dÙÁW dj ltDtv™si siw jvfv spfoA?
ðLc kfƒ bq, zfmfslv hfQtfv jdhW k]fsj zfvsw zfïfrv ifsw hdnsqsYb. dkdb
dtsJsYb,
`bhDv mfsU vdhv nm
zfmfv smfrf©ml vnct.
lDsbv bjDh sJflfv rdhh
dhsÇh bfƒ pf]v nmkct.
ifj zfvXsw ifsw sJflfv
soZvhmq zfnb pf]rfv,
sJfw bnDh …©mk zfdm kf]v
sisqdY zjCst jCt.'
ˆƒ nÌDsk zdkvÓsbv zfdkwpA idvtd[k rq. ifj zfvsw zfïfrv ifsw bhD
-sj soZvhmq zfnb dlsq k]fv n©mfb hxdÝ jvf rsqsY dEjƒ; dj§Â kfsk
mrfmdrmfd¦hk zfïfrv n©mfb [cB´ jvf rsqsY.
wfIfzfskv nclDOG rflDsn zfmvf ufdb, ncifdvswv zbcmdk dbsk mrfbhD zfvswv
dbsy dbu iadkiftsjv …sÜswA dnulfhbk rshb. zfv ˆefƒ k]fv dhwft mpGflf. dkdb
hstsYb, ªkfvf nhfƒ zfmfv jfsY ˆsn htsh, `sr mcrf©mfl! zfidb zfïfrv vnCt.
zfidb zfsJvD bhD. zfïfr zfibfv iChfG iv pfhkDq Èbfr mfI j'sv dlsqsYb.
zkˆh zfidb zfmfslv ubA zfibfv iadkiftsjv jfsY ncifdvw jv¢b. zfidb dj
slJsYb bf, zfmvf jD (Hqfhr) lc}J W p§ÃBf sHfo jvdY.'
.(B L
: ‫و‬: TB : RM/: !3 ‫א‬Q&L
3 : 1Š65 5‚5 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫ א‬:9+
4 I: R3Iv5 )
kJb zfdm yst pfh ˆhQ zfvswv bDsy zfmfv iadkiftj (vê zfpXpf W zufïf)v
ubA dnulfhbk rh. zk}iv zfïfr kf]v iawQnf W ÈBofsbv ubA zfmfv r™lqsj
ˆmb …©mcÙÁ j'sv slshb, spmb ƒskfiCshG zfv jfsvf ubA jsvbdb. zk}iv dkdb
htshb, `sr mcrf©mfl! mfKf …EfW, yfW, skfmfsj slWqf rsh. ncifdvw jv, skfmfv
ncifdvw oarB jvf rsh.' kJb zfdm mfKf …dEsq hth, zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b)
sr zfmfv iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj (v[f jv¢b) sr iadkiftj! zfmfv …©mksj
(v[f jv¢b) sr iadkiftj!' ˆv iakcAÙsv (zfïfrv i[ sKsj) htf rsh, `sr
mcrf©mfl! skfmfv …©mskv msLA pfslv sjfb drnfh-dbjfw rsh bf, kfslvsj Ffb
dlsjv lvuf dlsq ufâfsk iashw jvfW. ˆƒ lvuf YfVf kfvf zbA nh lvufskW
njt mfbcsNv wvDj.' (hcJfvD 4712, mcndtm 501bQ)
nckvfQ mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj djqfmsk mfj¶fsm mfrmCl lfb jvshb ˆhQ
shsrwXsk `znDtf' bfmj nshGf¤y ²¿fb lfb jvshb. zfv nshGf¤y shsrwXk `ufâfkct
dIvlf…n'-ˆv …isv zfsY zfïfrv mrf zfvw. zfvswv ifsw dkdb jf…sj ²¿fb
slshb bf. iadkiftsjv wfb zdk mrfb. bhDv wfb snJfsb si]ZYsk ifsv bf. k]fv
301
nmj[, nmkct, wvDj, nÌD W nfKD sj… sbƒ.
ˆƒ swaBDvƒ ˆj osi hÙÁf hfolfslv idvshw sOftfse jsv svsJdYstb. zfv mfbcN
hÙÁfslv yejlfv hÙÁxkfq mcÊ rsq k]fslvsjƒ nmfsuv zfmDv W mcIkD mfsb. hÙÁf k]fv
Wqfsp hstdYstb,
‫ א‬z‫( " א‬٧٩) {‫א‬Q‫' د‬1 +
4 8B 8Q n5 8: 5h/2: 5h„:: 4V: ‫ن‬5 : : }
zKGf{, zfwf jvf pfq, skfmfv iadkiftj skfmfsj iadkdôk jvshb iawQdnk ²¿fsb. (nCvf
hfbD ƒnaf„t 79 zfqfk)
zKGf{, mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj k]fv zfvsw hnfshb!
nmnfmdqj jfstv ƒmfm mcIfnXdnsv jcvzfb k¶fhfvD hfolfsl zfomb jvst rji§¿Dvf
k]fsj sn jKfv nkAkf dhNsq duÎfnf jvstb. dkdb ðsb zhfj rstb ˆhQ jsEfv HfNfq
kDha iadkhfl ufbfstb. dkdb k]fv hfnfv lvufq dtsJ dlstb,
• 3L: 3*3 : R3 1*!5 5?‫و‬: ... • 35 1*!5 :• !5 74 8: :‫ ن‬+
: 1
zKGf{, idhÛ zfïfr, p]fv sjfb nÌD sbƒ ˆhQ k]fv zfvsw k]fv sjfb hnfv nfKD sbƒ.
ˆ jKf ðsb W stJf slsJ …ÙÁ hÙÁfv zá HÙÁvf Hfsh, ˆ jKf bhDv wfsb ȲÀfJD W
shzflhD. ˆsk k]fv mfb W wfbsj sYfe jvf rsqsY. nckvfQ kfvf …sÙduk rsq ƒmfsmv
hfnfv …iv ifKv mfvsk ðv¢ jsv. ˆmbdj k]fv lvufq ifKsvv sYfe ifrfV usm pfq.
ivhkGDsk icdtswv nfrfspA k]fsj W k]fv hfnfsj dhilmcÙÁ jvf rq. (kfrpDv¢t JcWqfn dmb
zfrflDdnt j¶nc n¶fn, ncqCkD, „pfùl lftDt 1/32, zft-WqfID dIt zdIqfk 1/267)
mrfbhD `zfïfrv zfvw-nÌD' ðLc kfƒ bq, ˆj mDtflD lfhD jsv sp, dm'vfsuv
vfsk zfïfrifj k]fv bhDsj uckf-nr zfvsw zfsvfrb jvsk hstb, pfsk zfvswv
soZvh hxdÝ ifq!
`nchrfbfjf rfpf hcrkfbcb zfpDm.' dhbf ltDst ˆk dhwft jKf htfv ±iLGf rq jD
jsv ufdb bf. ˆjusbv kf'pDm hxdÝ jvsk dosq sp k]fv …iv-Wqftfv kf'pDm
ˆjfjfv rsq pfq, kfv ù]wW dj rq bf kfslv? bfdj zdkHdÙÁv wfvfh ifb jsv
mfkft rsq pf JcwD kfƒ htf pfq?
zfsvf ˆj Lfi zoanv rsq hfQtfv jdh bhD -sj zfvsw zfïfrv hnfv nfKD bq, hvQ
zfvw-Wqftfƒ hfdbsq dlsqsYb. dpdb zfvsw `zfïfr' rsq dYstb, dkdbƒ `bhD' rsq
mlDbfq ˆstb! kfW zfhfv iK Hcst!!
`zfvw rsk iK Hcst ˆ ˆt mdlbf wrv,
bfsm smfhfvj smfrf©ml, icd] u `zfïfù zfjhv.'
-buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 39 bQ
ufdb bf, jdh ˆ LfvBf sjfsÚsj sisqsYb? dbÇyq mDtfl ðsb zKhf mDtflD hƒ isV ˆ
LfvBf sisqsYb.
ðLc kfƒ bq. jdh skf zfrmslv mDsmv ilGf kcst zfrfl slJsk sisqsYb. spmb dkdb
hstsYb,
`zfrXmslv ‰ dmsmv ilGf
…dEsq slJ mb.
 302
zfrfl snKfq dhvfu jsvb
srsv ÈBDub.'
-buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 35 bQ
nckvfQ zfnst `lDsbv bjDh sJflfv rdhh' zfïfrv ifsw ufqof ifshb, bfdj öqQ
dkdbƒ zfïfr kf jdh dbsuƒ ufbskb bf.
zfv zfmfslv …dyk bq, jdhslv zfshoianCk jf¬idbj jKfq jfb dlsq dbsuslv
„mfb-zfjDlf bó jvf.
mrfb zfïfr nkAƒ hstsYb,
5? 8: :‫! ن‬K nK V: H4 X1 B5‫و‬: (٢٢٥) :‫' ن‬1 X@ V: N‫אد‬:‫ و‬M PK R3 H4 X1 B5 x: I: H4 !55 (٢٢٤) :‫ون‬1‫“ و‬: !ْ‫ א‬H4 X1 1 3bBV: 1‫א‬: : f2 !‫א‬:‫}و‬
‫ א‬f!‫( " א‬٢٢٦) {:‫ ن‬K: Yْ V:
zKGf{, jdhslv zbcnvB jsv dhëf§À stfsjvf. kcdm dj slJ bf, Wvf t[ArDbHfsh njt
dhNsq j¬ibfdhrfv jsv Kfsj? ˆhQ kf hst, pf jsv bf. (nCvf ðzfvf 224-226 zfqfk)
rqskf-hf jdh nCIDhflDslv ˆƒ hBGbfq jfb dlsq dJa±efbslv mskf naóf W nxdósj ˆj
hfdbsq sIstsYb.
dhlzfkD mDtflDvf hqfb j'sv Kfsj, duhvDt ilGfv zfVft sKsj zrD oarB
jvskb. ˆjlf snƒ ilGf nsv sost dkdb slJstb, bhD -ƒ k]fsj zrD ialfb jvsYb!
kf slsJ duhvDt htstb, `dmbjf z ƒtfƒjf!' zKGf{, zfibfv dbje sKsj
zfibfv iadkƒ!
of©mfvD hstb, `zfïfrv tfbk srfj snƒ hAdÙÁv …iv, sp jcvzfb-dhsvfLD ˆƒ
o¬ide ³kdv jsvsY. mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj hstsYb,
‫א‬Q 1 1• S:ْ : L
: 73J!5 ‫و‬: 1‫® ن‬
: @‘!ْ ‫! א‬5 ‫و‬: 1$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬8: c@ &4 I: :9SKP 8: :@ 84 5 74 8M O
Q ‫و‬1 5h4 !5 @A S:4 O
: ‫و‬4 5 5h!3:WP5 ‫و‬: }
x f!‫( " א‬٥٢) {Hٍ n3 b:4 82 ‫ط‬N ‫א‬: ,
3 !5 @A c3&X4 b:!5 5hB@A‫و‬: :3‫ د‬:3 74 83 f: B 74 8: 3*/3 c3&X4 B
zKGf{, ˆHfsh zfdm dbu dbslGsw skfmfv iadk zrD (iakAfslw) jsvdY v™r. kcdm skf
ufbsk bf oa§¿ jD, „mfb jD. i[f§Àsv zfdm ˆsj jsvdY ˆmb zfstf, pfv äfvf zfdm
zfmfv lfnslv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf iK-dbslGw jdv. zfv dbÇyqƒ kcdm nvt iK ialwGb jv.
(wCvf } 52)
‫ א‬f!‫( " א‬١٩٤) {:7V@ 3WS1'!ْ ‫ א‬:783 :‫ ن‬JK b:!3 5h3 ْ 65 5 : (١٩٣) 1 83 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬1i‫و‬2 !‫ א‬3*/3 :‫ل‬T: :}
zKGf{, dhw¶²À v™r (duhaf„t) kf dbsq zhkvB jsvsY skfmfv r™lsq, pfsk kcdm
nkjGjfvD rsk ifsvf. (ðzf'vf } 193-194) (û} mcvdwlct rfsqv 10ix})

k]fv ifvstZdjj uDhb

sp mfvf pfq, sn slrkAfo j'sv ˆ uo{ sYsV zfv ˆj uosk yst pfq. zfv sn uoskv
nfsK ˆ uoskv sjfb spfofspfo Kfsj bf. sn mLAuo{ sKsj ƒruoskv sjfb djYc ðbsk
ifq bf. sn uo{ W ˆ uoskv mfsU zfsY phdbjf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
: \1 › ': 3P5 X: B@A >P5 19Pْ : I: ': 3 +
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‫ ن‬S8— ‫( " א‬١٠٠) {:‫„ ن‬1: 4V1 @‫م‬4 V: !5@A £< ‫ز‬: 4 /: H@Xs3‫א‬: ‫و‬: 738‫و‬: X: Ks3 65
zKGf{, pJb kfslv jfsvf mxkcA …id²¿k rq, kJb sn hst, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj!
zfmfsj icbvfq (lcdbqfq) siavB jv. pfsk zfdm zfmfv sYsV zfnf uDhsb n{jmG jvsk
ifdv.' bf ˆef rhfv bq; ˆef skf kfv ˆjef …dÙÁ mfÛ; kfslv nfmsb hfvpfJ (phdbjf)
Kfjsh icbv¢Úfb dlhn ipG§À . (mc'dmbCb } 99-100)
iv§Â sn uosk zfdìqfosBv zfk¹f nshGf¤y ²¿fsb zf'tf ƒdïqADsb zh²¿fb jsv.
wrDlosBv v™r nhcu ifJDv shsw zfvsw Uct§À tØsb ²¿fb ifq. (mcndtm 1887bQ) ˆhQ
ufâfsk ƒ¤Yfmk idvëmB jsv shVfq. zfWdtqf W nfstrDbslv v™rW ifJDv shsw
ufâfskv ofsY ofsY zh²¿fb jsv. (zfrmfl 3/455, ƒhsb mfufr 1449bQ) zfv jfsIvslv v™r
dnÏDsb zh²¿fb jsv.
mfbcN spmb Ocm§À zh²¿fq ufoak ixdKhDv sjfb zh²¿f ufbsk ifsv bf, jfsvf Ffj hf
zfrhfsbv wè wcbsk ifq bf, zKy ösi´ zfbs¦l zKhf dbvfbs¦l dhYfbfq zh²¿fb jsv,
dEj kla™iƒ mxk hAdÙÁ mLA uosk hfn jsv ƒruoskv sjfb zh²¿f ufbsk ifsv bf. ˆ
uoskv jfsvf Ffj hf wè wcbsk ifq bf. mrfb zfïfr hstb,
'S!‫( " א‬٨٠) {:7V@ /3&4 81 ‫א‬4 !>‫و‬: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A : 2&!‫ א‬BH# 2 !‫ א‬1Š'3 4 I1 !5‫و‬: I:4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬1Š'3 4 I1 !5 5hB@A}
zKGf{, dbÇyq kcdm mxksj swfbfsk ifvsh bf, zfv hdLvsjW skfmfv zfrhfb swfbfsk
ifvsh bf; pJb Wvf diYb dIsv yst pfq. (nCvf bfmXt 80 zfqfk)
‫( " א! وم‬٥٢) {:7V@ /3&4 81 ‫א‬4 !>‫و‬: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A : 2&!‫ א‬BH# 2 !‫ א‬1Š'3 4 I1 !5‫و‬: I:4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬1Š'3 4 I1 !5 5hB‘@5 }
zKGf{, dbÇyq kcdm mxksj skfmfv jKf swfbfsk ifvsh bf ˆhQ hdLvsjW skfmfv zfrhfb
swfbfsk ifvsh bf; pJb Wvf mcJ dIdvsq sbq. (nCvf v™m 52 zfqfk)
1 „483 5h^1MS:V1 !5‫و‬: H4 JK P3 4 f3 /3 :‫ون‬1 YK Jْ V: 3 8: :n3!ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V:‫و‬: H4 JK !5 ‫ א‬/1 ~
: b:4 ‫ א‬8: ‫ א‬1 '3 : 4 !5‫و‬: H4 PK : 1‫ א د‬1 ': 4 V: !5 H4 \1 1 &4 I: ‫@ن‬A}
¦ " (١٤) { • ٍ 3;
:
zKGf{, skfmvf kfslvsj zfrhfb jvst kfvf skfmfslv zfrhfb ðbsh bf ˆhQ ðbstW
skfmfslv zfrhfsb nfVf slsh bf. skfmvf kfslvsj sp zQwD jvY kf Wvf djqfmskv dlb
zöDjfv jvsh. zfv nhGÎ (zfïfr)v bAfq sj…ƒ skfmfsj zhdrk jvsk ifsv bf. (nCvf
Ifdk¶v 14 zfqfk)
{@ 1nK !ْ‫ א‬R3 7B8 Šٍ '3 4 '1 /3 :9 5 8: ‫و‬: f: V: 7:8 1Š'3 4 V1 :*>!‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 1U‫א‬: 84 5‚!ْ‫! א‬5‫و‬: :O
4 5‚!ْ‫ א‬c@ b:4 V: 8: ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, nmfb bq uDdhk W mxk. zfïfr pfsj ƒ¤Yf wahB jvfb; zfv kcdm mxksj swfbfsk
ifv bf. (‰ 22 zfqfk)
ksh hlv pcsÝ mxk jfsIvslvsj zdLj tfdÒk jvfv ubA zfïfr ufïf wfbcr kfslvsj
bhD jvDm -ˆv Ffj wcdbsqdYstb. (hcJfvD 1370bQ, mcndtm 2873bQ) zfv ˆef dYt k]fv
mc'dupf.
zfhfv mxksj lfIb jvfv iv pJb mxskv v™r dIdvsq iasw´v ubA kfsj hnfsbf rq ˆhQ
stfsjvf dIsv zfnsk wcv¢ jsv, kJb mxk hAdÙÁ kfslv ucskfv wè wcbsk ifq. (hcJfvD
1338, mcndtm 2870bQ) ˆ ðLc dhswN zh²¿fq zfïfrv drjmk dhswN.
jhv dpqfvsk dosq jhvhfnDslvsj nftfm slWqf rq, kfvf uDdhk zfsY ˆƒ Îfsb
bq zKhf kfvf nftfsmv …Ùv slsh ˆƒ …sÜswA bq; hvQ kfslvsj ‰ nftfm kfslv
 304
ubA ˆj iajfv wfd§À iafKGbfv lczf. ˆ sKsj ˆ LfvBf jvf dEj bq sp, kfvf nftfm
ðbsk ifq ˆhQ uhfhW slq zKhf kfvf ˆ uoskv nh jKf ufbsk-hcUsk ifsv.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
" n !‫( " א‬١٥٤) {:‫ون‬1 1 f4 I: >? 73J!5 ‫و‬: : O 4 5 4 /: U
< ‫א‬: 84 5 3*’!‫ @ א‬: R3 1 b:nْ V1 74 ': !3 ْ‫! א‬K nK I: 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pfvf zfïfrv isK mxkcAhvB jsv, kfslvsj mxk ht bf, hvQ kfvf uDdhk;
dj§Â kf skfmvf …itdé jvsk ifv bf. (hfj¶fvfr } 154)
r]Af, k]fvf uDdhk, dj§Â k]fslv sn uDhsbv jKf …ité W zbcHhspfoA bq. spsrkc
sn uDhb ˆ uDhsbv mskf bq.
`dkdb mxk bb, ilGf dbsqsYb.' kf pdl nkA rq, kfrst nfrfhfoB sjfbdlb ilGfv
zfVft sKsj sjfb zHfh-zdHspfsov jKf ufbfstb bf sjb? zfv sn ilGf pdl nCvf
mc'dmbCsbv 100bQ zfqfsk …dïdJk ilGf rq, kfrst sn ilGf sn uo{ sKsj ˆ uo{sj
dhd¤Yâ j'sv svsJsY.
mrfbhD ƒd§Àjft jsvsYb. k]fv slr jhsv z[k zh²¿fq zfsY. sj… nftfm
dlst snƒ nftfm dIdvwXkf k]fv jfsY si]ZsY slb, zfv kJb k]fv mfsU k]fv `v™r'sj
dIdvsq slWqf rq. zk}iv dkdb nftfsmv uhfh slb. dkdb hstsYb,
(( :‫م‬5 B !‫ א‬3*4 5 : B‫د‬1 5 bBO : R3O‫و‬1 BR5 : K%‫د א‬B : >?@A BR5 : 1Hq : V1 N&O : 5 74 83 8: ))
ªsp sjfb hAdÙÁ pJb zfmfv …iv nftfm siw jsv, kJb zfïfr zfmfv msLA zfmfv
zfk¹f dIdvsq slb, Ist zfdm kfv nftfsmv uhfh dlƒ.« (zfhC lf†l 1779bQ)
dj§Â ˆv Lvb zfïfrƒ ufsbb. k]fv slsr v™r Kfsj bf. zk}iv pKfnmsq kf
dIdvsq slWqf rq. dkdb nftfsmv uhfh slb. zhwA ˆv zKG ˆ bq sp, k]fv uhfh
sj… ðbsk ifq.
spmb dkdb nvfndv nftfm ðbsk ifb bf. dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm kf si]ZYfsbf rq.
zfïfrv vnCt hstb, ªskfmvf zfmfv jhvsj „l hfdbsq dbsqf bf. skfmvf (spJfsb
Kfj, snJfb rskƒ) zfmfv …iv lv™l iV. spsrkc (dIdvñfv mfLAsm) skfmfslv lv™l
zfmfv dbje si]ZsY Kfsj.« (zfhC lf†l 2042, nrDùt ufsm' 7226bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstb,
.(:‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬R3b8B K 74 83 R3 “1 q :V1 : O3 B : ً J5 s3 5 8: @‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫ א‬R3 *3 > !3 B‫@ن‬A)
zKGf{, dbÇyq ixdKhDsk zfïfrv ëfmAmfB dIdvwkflt zfsYb, k]fvf zfmfv …©mskv
dbje sKsj zfmfsj nftfm si]ZdYsq Kfsjb. (zfrmfl 4210, bfnf„ 1282, ƒhsb drêfb
914, rfsjm 3576, lfsvmD 2774, k¶fhfvfbD 10529, dn} nrDrfr 2853bQ)
htf hfùtA, dkdb nvfndv lv™l W nftfm swfsbb bf. k]fv mndusl mfƒsj idEk lv™l
W nftfmW bq. dbdlGó dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm k]fsj swfbfsbf rq.
ncrfƒt hstb, ˆjlf (bhD -ˆv bfdkv sYst) rfnfb dhb rfnfb dhb zftD zfmfsj
jhsvv dbje slJstb. dkdb zfmfsj sFsj ifEfstb. snƒ nmq dkdb Ifskmfv
hfdVsk vfskv Jfhfv Jfd¤Ystb. zfdm …id²¿k rst dkdb htstb, `ˆsnf Jfbf JfW.'
zfdm httfm, `Jfhfv ƒ¤Yf sbƒ.' zk}iv dkdb htstb, `jD hAfifv sp, zfdm skfmfsj
305
jhsvv ifsw slJtfm?' zfdm httfm, `bhD -sj nftfm dltfm.' dkdb htstb,
`pJb mndusl iashw jvsh, kJb nftfm slsh.' zk}iv dkdb htstb, `zfïfrv
vnCt hstsYb, ªskfmvf zfmfv jhvsj „l hfdbsq dbsqf bf. skfmfslv Ovsj jhv
hfdbsq dbsqf bf. skfmvf spJfsbƒ Kfj, snJfb sKsjƒ zfmfv …iv lv™l ifE jv.
jfvB skfmfslv lv™l zfmfv dbje (dIdvwXkfv mfLAsm) si]ZsY pfq. zfïfr ƒqfùlsj
zdHwfi jv¢b. jfvB kfvf kfslv bhDosBv jhvnmCrsj mndul (dnulf W bfmfspv
²¿fb) hfdbsq dbsqsY.« (ˆ hAfifsv ˆJfsb) skfmvf ˆhQ …¦lctcsnv stfsjvf nmfb.'
(ncbfb, nf„l dhb mfbnCv, zfrjfmct ufbfsqp, zfthfbD 220ix})
zKGf{, jhsvv ifsw zh²¿fb j'sv W s±isbv …¦lctcsn zh²¿fb j'sv lv™l W nftfm
siw jvf ˆjƒ nmfb. dIdvwXkfƒ kf k]fsj si]ZdYsq Kfsjb.
dj§Â rflDsn zfsY, mrfbhD hstsYb,
>?@A BR5 : :Rq #
: V1 74 !5 ‫א‬Q&O
: 5 B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: ، K J5 s3 5 ': !ْ ‫ א‬1•1&X: f4 I: ‫ <د‬X1 f4 8: 1*B@‘5 ، 3 : '1 ~
1 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: BR5 : "5 5 #
B !‫وא א‬1 „3 Pْ 5 )
. X: S4 83 :‫غ‬1 Yْ V: bBO
: 1*I15 ,
: BR5 : 9 4 k : @1
zKGf{, ucmzfv dlb zfmfv iadk shdw shdw lv™l ifE jv. jfvB ‰ dlb …id²¿dkv
dlb. sndlb dIdvwXkf …id²¿k Kfsjb. zfv sj… zfmfv iadk lv™l ifE jvst kfv swN
bf jvf ipG§À kf zfmfv …iv siw jvf rsq Kfsj.
zfhC lfvlf htstb, `zfv mxkcAv iv?' dkdb htstb,
.(1‫زق‬: 4 V1 ÀRO
: 3%‫ א‬2R3 S:5 ، 3 : 3 4 5 ‫ א‬:‫ د‬: L
4 5 : PK ْ‚I: ‫ن‬4 5 @‫ض‬4 5 ‫ א‬5 : :‫م‬B O : 5%‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ،3U4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬:&4 /:‫و‬: )
zKGf{, mxkAc v ivW. zhwAƒ mrfb zfïfr mfdev …iv bhDosBv slr JfWqfsj rfvfm
jsv dlsqsYb. nckvfQ zfïfrv bhD uDdhk, dkdb v¢pDiafå rb. (ƒhsb mfufr
1637bQ, ˆv nbl lcht
G )
zbA ˆj rflDsn zfsY,
.(:‫ ن‬r# : V1 H4 \3 @ 16K R3 < : O4 5 1 : 3 4 5‚!ْ ‫) א‬
zKGf{, bhDoB jhsv uDdhk bfmfp isVb. (zfhC qAf'tf 3425, hfpXpfv 6888, dn} nrDrfr 622bQ)
dj§Â pdl sj… LfvBf jsv sp, jhv htsk mfdev Ov ˆhQ snJfsb k]fvf bfmfp isVb,
WEf-hnf jsvb, snJfsb k]fvf ˆ uosk hfn jvfv mskf uDhbLfvB jsvb, kfrst kf
Hct. hf²Àhkf, dhshj W ±ió ltDt kfv iadkjCt. hvQ jhv W hfvpfJ ˆj ofqhD
uo{. sn uoskv hf²Àhkf W iajk x k¶ zfmfslv zufbf. spsrkc sn uDhb rt
iadkiftsjv dbjse. dhLfq sn uDhb ˆ mfdev Osv bq.
wrDlosBv ubA mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ل ' אن‬- (١٦٩) {:‫ ن‬6K ‫ز‬: 4 V1 H4 X@ /M: :&S3 :O 4 5 4 /: IQ‫א‬: 84 5 3*’ !‫ @ א‬3 : R3 ْ‫ א‬K b3 6K :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B7:: +
4 I: ?5 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pfvf zfïfrv isK dbrk rsqsY kfslvsj jJbƒ mxk msb jsvf bf, hvQ kfvf
kfslv iadkiftsjv dbje uDdhk W uDdhjfiafå. (zfst ƒmvfb } 169)
mfnv¢j (v}) hstb, zfmvf zfècïfr (dhb mfn†l )sj ˆƒ zfqfk iansÌ duÎfnf
jvtfm. dkdb htstb, `swfb! zfmvfW ˆ dhNsq (bhD -sj) duÎfnf jsvdYtfm.
 306
dkdb …Ùsv hstdYstb, ªkfslv (wrDlslv) zfk¹fnmCr nhcu i[Djcstv slr msLA
zh²¿fb jvsh. ‰ i[Djcstv zh²¿fbs[Û rt (zfïfrv) zfvsw Uct§À lDifhtD. kfvf
shsrsñ spJfsb ƒ¤Yf dhyvB jsv shVfsh. zk}iv icbvfq ‰ lDifhtDsk dIsv ˆsn
zfwaq sbsh.
ˆjlf kfslv iadkiftj kfslv iadk lxdó dIdvsq htstb, `skfmvf dj (zfsvf) djYc
jfmbf jv?' kfvf htt, `zfmvf zfv jD jfmbf jvh? zfmvf skf shsrsñ spJfsb JcwD
snJfsb dhyvB jsv shVfd¤Y!' (zfïfr) zbcv™iHfsh kfslvsj dkbhfv iaw´ jvstb.
zk}iv pJb kfvf slJt sp, djYc bf yfƒst kfslvsj YfVfƒ rsh bf, kJb kfvf htt,
`sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmvf jfmbf ˆƒ jdv sp, zfidb zfmfslv zfk¹fnmCrsj
zfmfslv dbu dbu slsr dIdvsq dlb, pfsk zfmvf zfibfv vfsr däkDqhfv dbrk rsq
zfnsk ifdv.'
zk}iv zfïfr pJb slJshb sp, kfslv zfv sjfb iasqfub (jfmbf hf nfL) sbƒ
kJb kfslvsj ö-zh²¿fq sYsV slWqf rsh.« (mcndtm 1887bQ)
bhDosBv uDhb, hfvpfJD uDhb. pf wrDlosBv uDhsbv †sL¶G. dj§Â sn ofqhD uDhsbv
iajkx k¶ mrfb zfïfr YfVf sj… ufsb bf. ksh ˆ jKf ök}dnÝ sp, sn uDhb
sjfbHfshƒ ifdKGh ˆ uDhsbv mskf bq.
mrfbhD pdl ifdKGh ˆ uDhsbv mskf ilGfv zfVfst Kfjskb, kfrst nfrfhfoB
k]fv jfsY hù dhilfil W mkfSbsjA k]fv jhsvv ifsw dosq zdHspfo ufbfskb,
ivfmwG dbskb, lczf yfƒskb, ndEj iKdbslGw yfƒskb ƒkAfdl.
dj§Â bf, k]fvf kf jsvbdb. k]fvf ufbskb, dkdb ˆ uo{ sYsV hfvpfJD uosk
`vfIDsj zf'tf'v jfsY yst sosYb. k]fv nfsK spfospfo dhd¤Yâ rsq sosY. kfƒ
skf …mfv dhb JfÙ¶fh zbfhxdóv nmq k]fv jfsY bf dosq k]fv yfyf zfêfn -ˆv jfsY
ˆsn lczfv zfshlb ufdbsq hxdó iafKGbf jsvdYstb. (hcJfvD 1010, 3710bQ)
nckvfQ pfvf dhw¶fn jsv sp, mrfbhD k]fv jhsv zfmfslv mskfƒ uDdhk zfsYb,
dkdb ifbfrfv jsvb, ˆmdb ²ÃD-dmtbW jsvb (!), (mfvfdj¶…t Iftfr û}) kfslv ˆ dhw¶fn
jcdhw¶fn W ëf§À.
htf hfùtA, ndEj dhw¶fn rt, k]fv hfvpfJD uDhb W k]fv bfmfp iVf W
nftfsmv …Ùv slWqfv iajk x k¶ zfïfr YfVf zbA sj… ufsb bf. ksh kf zfmfslv ˆ
uoskv jKf bq.
nckvfQ pfvf hst, `k]fvf ˆmb ˆj uDhsbv zdLjfvD rsq Kfsjb pfsk ƒruDhb W
iv uDhsbv msLA mxkAc v sjfb iafyDv sbƒ, nhƒ ˆjfjfv pdlW mxkcA iajfwAk k]fslvsj
ˆj stfj rsk zfv ˆj stfsj ²¿fbf§Àdvk jsv. ˆefƒ k]fslv rfqfk-ƒ-ufshlfbD,
ˆefƒ k]fslv mrf nItkf W mrfb icvõfv!
ˆvfƒ---ˆ yfv swaBDv mjhct hf¦lfvfƒ (nýhk} zfdìqf, dnÜDjDb, wrDlfb W
nfstrDboB) sbjjfvslv vIDj---nfKD. mxkcAv zfso W isv ˆ]vf mfbcsNv jtAfB
nfLsb nkk k{iv Kfsjb. lxdóv z§Àvfst sKsj k]fvf vIDjnctH pfhkDq (?) jfuƒ
jsv Kfsjb!' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 100ix})
307
kfslv jKf dHdÙrDb W zfshohsw tfofmrDb …dÙÁ.
zbcv™i nCIDhflDslv zfsvf …dÙÁ }-
`dkdb zIfskv iv uDhÜwfv mkƒ zftm-ƒ-mctXj W zftm-ƒ-mftfjCsk dhyvsBv
[mkfq [mkfhfb.'
`vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ifdKGh uDhsbv zh²¿f ˆhQ zIfskv isvv zh²¿fv msLA sjfb
iasHl sbƒ. dkdb nh zh²¿fq k]fv …©mksj slJsYb, kfslv pfhkDq zh²¿f, kfslv
pfhkDq dbqk, kfslv pfhkDq lxP nQj¬i, kfslv dlstv pfhkDq dy§Àf ufsbb W dysbb.
kf k]fv dbje dlhfstfsjv mk nc±ió ˆhQ sjfbÛÁsmƒ sjfb z±iókf sbƒ.' (kfv
mfsb mrfb zfïfrv mskfƒ dkdbW nhGÎfkf z§ÀpfG mD!)
`vfnCtïc fr k]fv …©mskv zfmt slsJ Kfsjb, …©mskv Èbfr mfI jsv slqfv
ubA zfïfrv lvhfsv ƒnXdkoIfv jsv Kfsjb, kfslv hftf-mcnDhk lCv jvfv ubA
slfqf jsv Kfsjb, hvjk slqfv ubA ixdKhDv iafs§À iafs§À Ocsv shVfb. sjfb
sbjjfv …©mk mfvf sost kfv ufbfpfq …id²¿k rsq Kfsjb. ˆ nm²À rstf zftm-ƒ-
hvpJ.' (zfvW û} ‰ 105-107ix}, ˆ msmG k]fv `zfwX-wfdrl' bfsmv zfstfybf idEkhA)
`zfdìqf-ƒ-djvfmsj zfïfr ˆmb v™rfbD wdÙÁ ƒbfsqk jsvsYb sp, mxkcA k]fslv
dbje ˆjde ilGfmfÛ; k]fvf ‰ ilGf …dEsq zfdJvfsk yst pfb zKy k]fslv wdÙÁ iasqfso
sjfb idvhkGb Ose bf.' (‰ 115ix})
wasÝq ifEj! dbÇyqƒ hcUsk ifvsYb sp, nfrfhfoB ˆmb zfjDlf vfJst dbÇyq k]fvf
snƒ `[mkf' hf `wdÙÁ' äfvf …ijxk rskb. dj§Â jƒ? msb rq, k]fvf ˆ Jhv ufbskb
bf, sp Jhv ncIDi§¿D …tfmfvf susb hsn zfsYb.
smfsev …iv jKf ˆƒ sp,
mrfbhD -ˆv zIfk rsqsY. dkdb ƒrjft sYsV ivjfst omb jsvsYb.
dkdb hfvpfJD uDhsb uDdhk zfsYb, sn uDhsbv iajk x k¶ zbcHh W zbcmfb jvf pfq bf.
ˆ uDhsbv nfsK k]fv n©ijG dYâ rsq sosY. ƒd§Àjfstv iv ˆ uoskv jfsvf
sjfb …ijfv dkdb jvsk ifsvb bf.
dkdb `msv mfde rsq sosYb', ˆ jKf htf zhwAƒ rflDn-dhsvfLD. zfv kc¤YfsKG kfg
htf ˆhQ zhÎf Hsv `mxkAc ' wè iasqfo jvfW mrfbhD -ˆv wfsb shzflhD. nckvfQ
nfhLfb!

k]fv ianafh-ifqJfbf dj ifj?

zdkvÓbjfvDvf hqfb jsv Kfsjb, k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf ifj W sJfwhclfv dYt.
`k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf pmDb sIse sJsq sItk ˆhQ ‰ ufqof rsk smwj-zfìsvv
sJfwhc shv rskf.'
`rpvk …s©m zfqmb (vf) k]fv Jfslmf dYstb. ˆjhfv wDskv vfsk dkdb siwfh
jsv ˆjef ifsÛ Jfdeqfv dbsy svsJ slb. iaHfsk …s©m zfqmb slZtk Jfbfsq
bhcWqfk (bhD jvDm -ˆv hfdV) idv°jfv jvsk ˆsn slJstb Jfdeqfv dbsy zdk
 308
sJfwhclfv wvhk vfJf. dkdb kf wvhk Îfsb ifb jsv sIstb. ˆef ufbsk sisv
vfnCtïc fr htstb---ˆef siwfh dYt. ‰ siwfh JfWqfv Ist k]fv nfk icv¢N
jcvzfsbv rfsIp dYt.' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 200ix})
ˆhfv rflDsnv hBGbf iadbLfb jv¢b,
19'4 nK 5 ، " ž
B 5 R3 ‫ ل‬:5 ، 4 > !‫ א‬78 :‫ م‬n5 5 ، 94 :!ْ ‫ א‬R3 %‫ ل א‬1 : U /:» : 95! 65 7®5 ‫ م‬7:
RnV ، 7®5 ‫ م‬V: : R! :‫ ل‬65 S:+
4 :,
4 5 'B 5 5 ، X: 3 8: 9/@ f: 5 ، " ž
B Y5 !‫ א‬R3 8: º fŒ 5 ‫و‬:
U:&/: bBO %‫ ل א‬1 : h3+: 5 ، X: 3 8: 19/ MZ+
: !ْ /3 h„ /: c3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬: 9 6 . " žY!‫ א‬R3 8:
. «‫&א‬/ •& / hSْŒ/: B7: ~
: 4 V: !5 *BA : :‫ ل‬65 BH‰ ، •W3L‫א‬: :
…s©m zfƒmfb jkxjG hdBGk, dkdb hstb, ˆj vfsÛ vfnCtcïfr …Estb ˆhQ ˆjde
mfdev ifsÛ sinfh jvstb. zk}iv zfdm diifnfkG zh²¿fq Ocm sKsj …Est hcUsk
ifvtfm bf ifsÛ jD dYt. nckvfQ zfdm kfsk pf dYt ifb jsv sIttfm. njft rst
dkdb zfmfsj htstb, ªsr …s©m zfƒmfb! ifsÛ pf zfsY, kf sTst sIst ˆsnf.«
zfdm httfm, `snƒ nÙfv jnm, dpdb zfibfsj nkA-nr siavB jsvsYb! kfsk pf dYt,
zfdm skf kf ifb jsv sIstdY.' ˆ jKf ðsb vfnCtcïfr rfnstb ˆhQ kfsk k]fv
siNj l]fk shv rsq iVt. zk}iv dkdb htstb, ªˆv iv skfmfv sise sjfb dlb
hAKf-shlbf rsh bf.« (drtXqfr)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
! 9'n . žY!‫ | א‬8 ´, 7® ‫ م‬V :‫ ل‬nV ] , ‫ذא‬A ‫ ن‬J X ‫ ل‬V " ž %‫ ن ! ل א‬P
‫ل‬ V :9 n ." žY!‫ | א‬8 ´, 7® ‫ م‬V : ´S!‫ ل א‬n ، X 8 9/ f 9Œ “ fŒ ‫و‬
.‫א‬Q&/ ‫א‬W\ h8 V & / hSŒ/ RJbfI 7! h A :‫ ل‬6 . X 8 9/ f fŒ ‫ و‬9'6 %‫א‬
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv ˆjde mfdev ifÛ dYt, kfsk dkdb sinfh jvskb. njft rst
htskb, ª…s©m zfƒmfb! ifsÛ pf zfsY sTst sIst ˆsnf.« ˆjlf vfsÛ zfdm
diifnfkG zh²¿fq …Est Hct j'sv zfdm ifsÛ pf dYt ifb jsv sIttfm. zk}iv
(njfst) bhD htstb, ª…s©m zfƒmfb! ifsÛ pf zfsY sTst sIst ˆsnf.« zfdm
httfm, `sr zfïfrv vfnCt! zfdm diifnfkG zh²¿fq …sE kfsk pf dYt, kf ifb jsv
sIstdY.' dkdb htstb, ªzfusjv ˆƒ dlsbv iv skfmfv sise zfv sjfb dlb zncJ
rsh bf.« (ƒkrfIct dJqfvfr 6455bQ)
zbcv™i …©mct mc'dmbDb …s©m rfhDhfv lfnD …s©m ƒ…ncI hfvfjfr bfsmv ˆj mdrtf
k]fv ifsÛ vfJf ianfa h ifb jsvdYt. dkdb kfsj hstdYstb, ªkcdm ufrfâfm sKsj h]fyfv
ˆjef shVf hfdbsq dbst.«
dj§Â iaKmk} ˆ njt hBGbf nblnCsÛ nrDr W ðÝ bq.
däkDqk} sJfwhclfv wvhk hfdVv mfdtsjv zbcmdk YfVf sjfb lfnD ifb jvsk
ifsv bf.
kxkDqk} dkdb ianfa h-ifqJfbfv iv ifdb zKhf mfdev sTtf hAhrfv jvskb. (hcJfvD-
309
mcndtm) kf idhÛ rst sLfqf hf smfYfv iasqfub rskf bf.
siwfh-ifqJfbf ifj W sJfwhclfv rst kf sItsk htskb bf. nfrfhfoB k]fv yct,
KcKc W …pCv ifdb sbWqfv mskf zfoar iajfw jvskb.
zfnst dkdb zflsmv n§Àfb dYstb. zfv zflm-n§Àfsbv ianfa h-ifqJfbf zidhÛ,
ˆefƒ smZdtj dhLfb. zhwA sjfb nrDr ltDt zbA jKf htst, kf dHâ jKf. ˆJfsb
dhw¶fsnv mmGmCst mrfbhD -sj sYfe jvf hf hV jvfv hAfifv bq; hAfifv rt nrDr
ltDstv. dhbf ltDst k]fv sjfb dhNsq hfVfhfdV jvf dhw¶fsnv mrfmfvD.
k]fv slr dYt mchfvj hf hjGkmq. dj§Â dkdb zidhÛ rskb. zfv kfv ubA sofnt
jvskb.
ˆjlf Iusvv bfmfp ðv¢ jsv nfrfhfoBsj ƒdÌk jvstb, skfmvf dbu dbu ²¿fsb
zsi[f jv. zk}iv dkdb hfdV iashw jsv djYc[sBv msLAƒ shv rsq ˆstb. kJb
k]fv mfKf sKsj ifdb Usv iVdYt. zk}iv bfmfp swN jsv htstb,
.( QS1L
1 19S4 PK RM@A‫و‬: ، < f: /: :5 ': B@A)
zfdm ˆjub mfbcNƒ. zfdm zidhÛ dYtfm. (sofnt jvsk Hcst dosqdYtfm.)
(zfrmfl 20420bQ)
dkdb bfmfspv ubA …pC jvskb. mrfb zfïfr k]fsj zfm dbslGw dlsq hstdYstb,
‰& ‫( " א‬٤) {4 XM Œ5 5 5h/: : ‰3 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, skfmfv idv¤Yl idhÛ vfJ. (mcÜfNXdNv } 4)
zfv kfsk k]fv dvnftk W bhczskv wfsb sjfb iajfv zfOfk tfso bf. jfvB dkdb
mfbcN. zfv mfbcsNv iajdx k k]fv mfsU Kfjf öfHfdhj. zöfHfdhj djYc Kfjst kfv
nrDr ltDt zfsY.
zbcv™iHfsh hBGbf jvf rq sp, zftD, zfècïfr dhb pchfƒv, mfstj dhb dnbfb, rfufm
zfhC k¶fƒhfr iaHdx k nfrfhfoB mrfbhD -ˆv vÙÁ ifb jsvsYb. k]fslv ubAW
htf rsqsY, k]fv vÙÁ k]fslv sise pfWqfv jfvsB k]fslvsj ufrfâfsmv zfÈb ±iwG
jvsh bf.
dj§Â snnh OebfW nrDr nbl äfvf iamfdBk bq. nrDr iamfB Kfjst mfbsk sjfb
hfLf sbƒ.
vfnCtïc fr -ˆv KcKc äfvf kfhfvG¢sjv jKf njstƒ mfsb, k]fv yct hf idvdrk jfiV
äfvf hjGk oarsBv jKf njstƒ mfsb, k]fv slsrv Ofmsj zfkv W zfsvfoA hst nhfƒ
mfsb. spsrkc sn nshv nrDr ltDt zfsY. zfv sn nh jKf pKf²¿fsb zfstfdyk rsqsY.
Hfstfhfnfv iadk ncdhw¶fn Hfstf, dj§Â kfsk zdkvÓb Hfstf bq. diaqifsÛv iadk
HdÙÁ vfJf Hfstf, dj§Â zdkHdÙÁ dbÇyqƒ Hfstf bq.

dkdb zfïfrv vrnA

dkdb zfïfrv vrnA, zfïfr W k]fv rfhDshv msLA dhlAmfb zfsY dbdhVkf. vfnCtcïfr
rstf zfïfr kfzftfv zfnmf-ƒ-ùnXbf W dnIf{-ƒ-jfmfdtqfskv Yfqf.
 310
ðLc kfƒ bq, hvQ dkdb zfïfrvƒ Yfqf. k]fv mfJtcjfskv zHDó dnÝv ubA djhtf
W mrt!
dkdb k]fsj iajfw jsvsYb dbu zfjxdksk!
dkdb zfïfrv nmCr kfufïD dhjfswv ²¿t! ƒkAfdl. (bCsv mcufnXnfm 120-121ix})
dkdb zfïfr kfzftfv ufmft W uftfstv Yfqf!
zfïfr ufïf wfbcùv ƒvflf-ƒ-zfpftD dYt sp, dbu rfhDhsj vfrmfsbv ncvsk
dhHCdNk jvshb; snsrkc dkdb zflm (zf})-sj vfrmfsbv ncvsk dhHCdNk jsv nxdó
jvstb. zfïfr ufïf wfbcr k]fv rfhDhsj vfrmfsbv ncvsk iajfw jvstb; Ist dkdb
rsq sostb dnIfk-ƒ-ufmfdtqf W rftfdtqfv (?) zdHhAdÙÁ! (‰ 393ix})
sjfbX pcdÙÁsk? zflmsj vrmfsbv zfjxdksk nxdó jvst skf nmoa mfbhmàtDƒ k]fv
Yfqf rq. sjht k]fv rfhDhƒ sjb?
ˆƒ njt zdkvÓb W zdkwsqfdÙÁ nCIDi§¿D zfstmslv djkfsh ifWqf pfq. pfv
sjfb wvqD ltDt sbƒ.
mrfb zfïfr vf†I W vfrDm. k]fv rfhDhW vf†I W vfrDm. dkdb Jfstj, ƒdb
mfJtCj. ˆ jKfv ltDt vsqsY jcvzfsb. kf mfbsk jfsvf hfLf sbƒ.
dj§Â mrfb zfïfr zfWqft, zfsJv, pfsrv, hfsk¶b (zfdl, z§À, hAÙÁ W Èå), k]fv
rfhDhW kfƒ.---ˆ jKfv ltDt sjfKfq? zfshso dtdJk sjfb nCIDv mboVf lv™l dlsq
±iókƒ ˆ jKf iamfdBk rsk ifsv? j[bW bf.
nCIDhflDslv …ÙÁ lfhD sKsj ±ió rq sp, mrfb zfïfrv zfjxdk mfbcsNv mskf.
spsrkc dkdb zflmsj dbu zfjxdksk nxdó jsvsYb! zKy ˆmb zfjfvhflDslv LfvBf
Jàb j'sv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
x f!‫( " א‬١١) {• 1# 3 :!‫ א‬1Š '3 B !‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: < R4 : 3*3„4 '3 P5 :•4 !5 }
zKGf{, sjfb djYcƒ k]fv nlxw bq. dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGûóf . (wCvf } 11)
Wvf rqskf htsh, rflDsn zfsY,
.(7:'O4 B !‫" א‬3 : , 1 5 : :‫م‬:‫د‬- K%‫ א‬:Z5 ; :)
zKGf{, zfïfr zflmsj vrmfsbv zfjfsv nxdó jsvsYb.
dj§Â ˆ rflDn nrDr bq; hvQ rflDnde mcbjfv. (slJcb } dntdntfr pqDIfr zfthfbD 1175-1176bQ)
i[f§Àsv nrDr rflDsn zfsY, mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(3*I3 : ,
1 5 : :‫م‬:‫د‬- :Z5 ;: :*> !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 :*L 4 : !ْ ‫ א‬d
4 S3 b:~
4 : ْ 5 H4 PK 1&O
: 5 :$: k
: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A)
ªskfmvf (sjfb mfbcNsj) mfvst syrfvfq mfvf sKsj dhvk sKsjf. sjbbf, zfïfr
zflmsj k]fv zfjfsv nxdó jsvsYb.« (zfrmfl 7323, mcndtm 6821bQ)
ˆƒ rflDn isVW zsbsj LfvBf jsv sp, zflmsj zfïfr k]fv dbu zfjfv dlsq nxdó
jsvsYb. dj§Â sn LfvBf dEj bq. spsrkc ˆJfsb `k]fv zfjfsv' htsk zflsmv
zfjfvsjƒ hcUfsbf rsqsY. nhGbfm dbjekm dhswsNAv iadk ƒdÌk jsv. zfv spsrkc
zbA rflDsn ˆsnsY sp,
74 83 @ Y5 SB!‫ א‬5h^3 !5 ‫و‬K 5 : H4 q : 5 d
4 \: ‫ذ‬4 ‫ א‬::‫ ل‬65 1*n5 5 ;
: 'B 5 5 ، Q ‫א‬: 3‫ ذ‬:‫ ن‬b23 1*!K ¦K 3*I3 : , 1 5 : :‫م‬:‫د‬- 1*> !‫ א‬:Z5 ;
:)
311
1‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬:‫! א‬K n5 5 H4 JK 4 5 : 1‫ م‬5 B !‫ א‬::‫ ل‬n5 5 ،5hb3 VB M 1‫ ذ‬K B +
3 I:‫و‬: 5hb1B +
3 I: X: B@‘5 5h: 2+
: V1 8: Š4 '3 b:4 5 ‫س‬
< KL
1 3 J5 s3 5 ': !ْ ‫א‬
1Zْ ž
: !ْ ‫ل א‬4 T: V: H4 5 5 ،:‫م‬:‫د‬- "3 : ,
1 5 : 5 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬1 ;
1 &4 V: 74 8: 2 JK 5 ،3*> !‫ א‬K ': O
4 : ‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1‫אد‬:T5 ،3*> !‫ א‬K ': O
4 : ‫و‬: 5h4 5 :
.(:‫ن‬vْ!‫ א‬bBO
: 1&4 /: 1˜nK S4 V:
zKGf{, zfïfr zflmsj kfv zfjfsv nxdó jsvsYb, pfv ³lOGA rt Nfe rfk. nckvfQ
pJb k]fsj nxdó jvstb, kJb htstb, `kcdm pfW ˆhQ ‰ sp dIdvwXkfmàtDv ˆjde
lt hsn zfsY, kfslv …iv nftfm siw jv. zfv Wvf skfmfv nftfsmv dj uhfh dls¤Y
kf mb dlsq ðsbf. sjbbf, Wefƒ rsh skfmfv W skfmfv n§Àfb-n§Àdkv nftfm dhdbmsqv
vDdk.' nckvfQ dkdb (k]fslv jfsY dosq) htstb, `zfnnftfmc zftfqjcm'. k]fvf …Ùsv
htstb, `zfnnftfmc zftfƒjf zvfrmfkcïfr'. zkˆh k]fvf `zvfrmfkcïfr' wèef
shwD htstb. pfvf shsrwXsk iashw jvsh, kfslv iaskAsj rsh k]fv zfjfsvv (Nfe
rfk). kJb sKsj ˆ pfh{ nxdó (mfbcsNv ³lOGA) jm rsq zfnsY.« (hcJfvD 6227, mcndtm 7342bQ)
ˆ rflDn sKsj ±ió rq sp, `k]fv zfjfsv' htsk zflsmv dbuö zfjfvsjƒ hcUfsbf
rsqsY. spsrkc ivhkGDsk snƒ zfjfsvv hAfJAfW hst slWqf rsqsY.
k]fv dbuö zfjfv W nxdó-iÝdk dHâ. k]fsj mfsqv sise k]fv n§Àfbslv mk zbA
zfjfsvv ipGfqnmCr zdkÛÁm jvsk rqdb. hvQ mrfb zfïfr k]fsj nvfndv idviCBG
`mfbh' zfjfv nxdó j'sv kfsk v™r I]csj dlsqsYb.
ianÌk} ÎfkhA sp, mrfb zfïfrv zfjfv zfsY. dj§Â kf sjmb, kf sj… ufsb bf. mrfbhD
sn zfjfv ösi´ lwGb jsvsYb. mc'dmbvf ufâfsk mrfb zfïfrv lDlfv tfH jvsh.

k]fv slsrv Yfqf dYt dj?

dkdb bCv rsk nxó hstƒ k]fv slsrv Yfqf dYt bf. Wslv lfhD, ƒhsb zfêfn bfdj
hstsYb,
Š8 HnV º‫ و‬،•'f!‫ א‬k • k d © ?A ،•6 •Ñ Š8 HnV º‫ و‬، l %‫ ! ل א‬7JV º )
.(‫ א! אج‬k • k d © ?A •6 ‫אج‬
zKGf{, vfnCtïc fr -ˆv sjfb Yfqf dYt bf. dkdb pJbƒ svfsl JfVf rskb, kJbƒ
k]fv zfstf svfslv zfstfsj dbdÇyrÁ jsv dlk. zfv dkdb pJbƒ sjfb ialDsiv nfmsb
JfVf rskb, kJbƒ k]fv zfstf ialDsiv zfstfsj dbdÇyrÁ jsv dlk.
kfv mfsb k]fv bCv lxwAmfb dYt. dj§Â kfv sjfb nrDr iamfB sbƒ. hvQ pqDI iamfB
dlsqƒ ˆƒ LfvBfsj hfdkt jvf pfq.
ˆjlf mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jfiV dntfƒ jvdYstb.
rEf{ ncyde k]fv rfk sKsj isV pfq. zájfsv dkdb kf J]csu sistb bf. ƒdkmsLA
vfnCtïc fr hfnfq ˆst k]fv syrfvfv zfstfj-vdw¹sk ncyde lxó rt. mf zfsqwf
(vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) srsn …Estb. bhD htstb, ªWsr ùmfƒvf! rfnst sjb?«
dkdb Oebf Jcst htstb. (drtXqAfr, zfhC bczfƒm, ƒhsb zfnfdjv 3/310)
ˆ rflDsn sjht k]fv syrfvfv zfstfv jKf htf rsqsY. iv§Â ˆ rflDnW nrDr bq.
 312
zsbsj hst k]fv l]fskv zfstfsk Ov …϶t rsq pfq. dj§Â hBGbfq kf sbƒ.
ˆjhfv vfsÛ ˆj hAdÙÁsj dkdb jhsv vfJstb. vfskv zájfsv k]fv ubA ialDi
u¶ftfsbf rsqdYt. (dmwjfk 1706bQ, pqDI)
k]fv slsr hf syrfvfq zfstf Kfjst hfdk u¶ftfsbfv iasqfub dYt dj?
ˆjhfv hfnfq k]fv hfdk dbsH sost dkdb `ƒâf dtïfdr----' iVstb. kf ðsb
zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) htstb, `hfdk dbHfW dj mnDhk?' dkdb htstb, ªsp
dudbnƒ mc'dmbsj jó slq, kfƒ rt mnDhk.« (ƒhbcn ncâD, pqDI)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `bhD Ocmfhfv ƒ¤Yf jvskb, kJb lvuf
há jsv dlskb, ifdbv mwj há jsv dlskb, ifsÛv ifdb sTst dlskb ˆhQ hfdk
dbdHsq dlskb.' (zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 120bQ, pqDI)
…ÙÁ rflDnÈdt sKsjW hcUf pfq, k]fv hfnfq hfdkv iasqfub rskf. dhLfq k]fv slsrv
snƒ zfstf dYt bf, pfv jKf ƒhsb zfêfn bfdj hstsYb.
i[f§Àsv nrDr rflDsn ifWqf pfq, mrfbhD -ˆv ³ldrj sjfb zfstf dYt bf. spmb }-
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `zfdm zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv nfmsb Ocmfkfm
ˆhQ zfmfv if lcde k]fv djhtfsk Kfjk. zk}iv pJb dkdb dnulf jvskb, kJb
zfmfsj rfk äfvf ±iwG jsv ƒdÌk jvskb. zfdm if Èdesq dbkfm. zfhfv djqfsm
sost zfdm if smst dlkfm. zfv oxrnmCsr kJb hfdk Kfjk bf.' (hcJfvD 382, mcndtm 1173bQ)
dkdb ±iwG jsv ƒdÌk jvfv jfvB hstsYb, Osv hfdk dYt bf. Ist zájfsv dkdb
hcUsk ifsvbdb sp, vfnCtïc fr dnulfq pfshb. bsy{ rfk dlsq k]fv if ±iwG jvfv
iasqfub rskf bf. dhLfq mrfbhD -ˆv slsrv sjfb zfstf dYt bf.
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) zfsvf hstb, `ˆj vfsÛ zfdm bhD -sj dhYfbfq
sitfm bf. zfdm (zájfsv) rfk dlsq rfkVfsk tfotfm. djYc isv zfmfv rfk k]fv
lcƒ ifsqv skstfq iVt, kJb kf JfVf zh²¿fq dYt ˆhQ dkdb dnulf zh²¿fq dYstb.
(mcndtm 1118bQ)
jfstfhsBGv ˆjub mdrtf zKhf pchj mndul UfVc dlk. rEf{ sn mfvf sost
nfrfhDoB kfsj vfkfvfdk lfIb jsv dlstb. vfnCtcïfr kfsj njfst slJsk
sistb bf. nckvfQ dkdb kfv n©isjG dusÎn jvstb. nfrfhDoB htstb, `sn mfvf
sosY.' dkdb htstb, ªskfmvf zfmfsj nQhfl dlst bf sjb?« k]fvf spb kfv
hAfifvefsj boBA sHshdYstb, htstb, `vfk dYt kfƒ yfƒtfm bf. zájfvW dYt,
kfƒ zfibfsj jó dlsk yfƒtfm bf.' dkdb htstb, ªzfmfsj kfv jhvef sldJsq
lfW.« nckvfQ k]fvf kfv jhvde sldJsq dlstb ˆhQ dkdb kfv …iv ufbfpf iVstb.
(hcJfvD 1247, mcndtm 2259bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, `ˆj vfsk zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfsK
hsndYtfm. (zfêf) zfhC hfjXv k]fv ubA Yfostv ˆjde EAfQ rfdlqf ifEfstb. zfmvf
kf Osvv zájfsv jfetfm.' hBGbfjfvD duÎfnf jvstb, `sr …©mct mc'dmbDb!
zfibfslv dj hfdk dYt bf?' …Ùsv dkdb htstb, `hfdk u¶ftfhfv skt Kfjst zfmvf
kf H[B jvkfm.' (zfrmfl, k¶fhfvfbD, nrDr kfvoDh 3276bQ)
313
smfe jKf zdkvÓbjfvDslv ˆ zdkwsqfdÙÁ ndEj bq sp, mrfbhD -ˆv slsr
zfstf dYt ˆhQ k]fv slsrv Yfqf dYt bf.
mrfbhD -ˆv slr-mchfvj …϶t dYt. zfv kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, kfsk lxwAmfb
zfstf dYt. k]fv mcJmàt dYt y]fslv mskf. zfv kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, kfsk y]fslv
mskfƒ suAf{n´f dh¤Ycdvk rskf. k]fv syrfvf nCspGv mskf dYt. zfv kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq
sp, kf rsk svZsûv mskf zfstf dhjDBG rskf.
‰ slJcb bf, ˆjub jdh zfshohsw dtsJsYb,
'J8 &/ ‫ ^¸ ًא ق‬I ....... + !‫ א‬Z ‫ ; א | و‬6 X/
`‰ wrsv nhcu oìcu …϶tv™i dbqf dhlAmfb zfsY, pfrf iCdBGmfv y¦û rƒsk zdLj
lDå.' (mWtfbf zfpDpct rj nfsrshv hfQtf shfJfvD wvDI 5m Jsàv HCdmjfv 3ix})
zbchfsl dj§Â `p¶rc f' wsèv zbchfl sYsV slWqf rsqsY. bsy{ zKG l]fVfsh, `‰ wrsv
nhcu oìcu iChGfsrÁv …϶tv™i dbqf dhlAmfb zfsY, pfrf iCdBGmfv y¦û rƒsk zdLj lDå.'
ˆjƒ nfsK nhcu oìcusj yfwXskv nmqjfv ŠÏ¶stv nfsK ˆhQ iCsBG¦lcv lDdåv nfsK
kctbf jvf rsqsY.
dj§Â zfnstƒ dj kfƒ? mlDbfv mndusl bhhDv dpqfvsk sost slJshb, ˆef
zdkwsqfdÙÁ. v™ij hf zftËfdvj zsKG …ÙÁ …imf slWqf rsqsY. hf²Àsh oìcu ‰v™i
…϶t hf lDå bq.

zfsvf djYc dHdÙrDb zfjDlf

(1) ªpJb zfmfsj dm'vfsu †sLG¶ …âDk jvf rstf, zfdm ˆmb sjfb zfnmfb
zdkÛÁm jdvdb dj§Â kfsk zfmfv bfm zQdjk slJsk sitfm---mcrf©mflcv
vfnCtïc fr.« (hfpXpfv)
rfƒNfmD hstsYb, `ˆv nbsl vsqsY zfècïfr dhb ƒhafrDm zft-doIfvD. ˆ rstf
lchtG vfhD.' (mfumf…p pfWqfdql 14297bQ) ƒmfm wfWjfbD hstsYb, `‰ vfhD rstf
rflDn-dbmGfkf.' rflDn osV kfv nbl ucsV nmfsu iaydtk jsv. zkˆh ˆde uft
rflDn. (zft-IfWqfdqlct mfumCzfr 1/333)
(2) ªshsrwXsk ˆmb sjfb ofY sbƒ pfsk ifkf zfsY, dj§Â kfv iadk ifkfv …iv
zQdjk vsqsY tf-ƒtfrf-ƒïfïfù mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr.« (drtƒqf)
dj§Â zfhc bcqfƒm ˆefsj `ofvDh' (dhvt hf lcht G ) rflDn hstsYb. (‰ 3/304)
rfƒNfmD hstsYb, `ˆv nbsl vsqsY zftD dhb ufmDt vfÄD. ˆ rstf lcht G vfhD.'
(mfumf…p pfWqfdql 14383bQ) zkˆh ˆ rflDnW nrDr bq.
(3) ªdkdb zfvswv ifqfnmCsr ‰ jstmf zQdjk slJsk sistb ˆhQ iadk
zfnmfsbv …iv zKGf{ nfk zfnmfsbv …iv, shsrwXknmCsrv …iv ˆhQ kfsk pf
zfsY nh djYcv …iv; ˆv hftfJfbfnmCsrv …iv, iasjfônmCsrv …iv, ùv-ƒ-„sbv
jØnmCsrv …iv, kChf W dnlvfkct mcbkfrfsk pk iÛ zfsY nmClq isÛv …iv,
ilGfnmCsrv iafs§À iafs§À ˆhQ sIsvwXkfjcstv bqb pcostv mLAhkGD ²¿fbnmCsrv …iv.«
 314
(ƒhsb zfnfsjv, pcvjfbD)
ˆde jf'h zfrhfv sKsj hdBGk. dkdb---slJsk sistb, dkdb rstb zflm . ˆde
vnCt -ˆv rflDn bq. ˆdesj `zfNfv' htf rq. `sjr hstb, ˆef ƒnvf„t swaBDHcÙÁ.
sjr hstb, mfWuc.' zfv k]fslv jKfƒ dEj. (zfnX-nDvfkct rftfdhqAfr 1/356) zfv kf
rst kf iakAfJAfbspfoƒ. ˆ msmG zbA hBGbf KfjstW kf nrDr bq. dhLfq kf sjfb
jfsuv bq. wCsbAv ifsw rfufsvf wCbA zfnstW kfv mCtA wCbAƒ Kfsj.
(4) ªnctfƒmfb dhb lf†l (zf)-ˆv zfQdev bjXwf dYt tf-ƒtfrf ƒïfïfù
mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr.« (dkhvfbD)
rfƒNfmD hstsYb, rflDndesj k¶fhfvfbD hBGbf jsvsYb. zfv kfv nbsl vsqsY
G vfhD. (mfumf…p pfWqfdql 8727bQ)
mcrf©mfl dhb mfJtfl v¢zfƒbD, sn zkA§À lcht
zbA ˆj nCsÛ zbcv™i rflDsnv hBGbf-nCsÛ vsqsY wfqJ dhb zfhD Jfstl. ƒhsb zflD
hstsYb, `ˆ hfdkt rflDn hBGbf jsv.' ƒhsb drêfb hstsYb, `sjfb zh²¿fskƒ sn
ùÏk bq.' ƒhbct ufWpD hstsYb, `vfnCtcïfr sKsj ˆ rflDn nrDr bq.'
(mfWpCzfk 1/201)
ƒmfm pfrfhD hstsYb, `sn (wfqJ) rflDn ³kdv jsv hst zdHpcÙÁ. ˆ rflDnde k]fv
zsbj hfdkt rflDsnv ˆjde.' (mDpfb 3/392)
zfïfmf zfthfbD hstsYb, `rflDnde mfWpC (mboVf).' (dn} pqDIfr 703bQ)
(5) ªzfïfr „nf (zf)-ˆv iadk zrD jvstb---dbÇyq zfdm zfvwsj ifdbv …iv
nxdó jvtfm. zk}iv kf lctsk Kfjt. zb§Àv zfdm kfv …iv dtsJ dltfm tf-ƒtfrf
ƒïfïfù mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr. zk}iv kf d²¿v rsq sot. (rfsjm, nrDr hstsYb)
ˆdeW dj§Â zfNfv. ƒhsb zfêfn -ˆv jdKk …dÙÁ hst hdBGk. zfNfvdev nblsj
rfsjm `nrDr' hstsYb. dj§Â ƒmfm pfrfhD kfv eDjfq hstsYb, `zfmfv LfvBf, nf„slv
bfsm ˆef oVf …dÙÁ.'
mcrfdÜn zfthfbD hstsYb, `mboVf …dÙÁ. vfnCtcïfr - sKsj ˆv sjfb dHdÙ
sbƒ.' (dn} pfqDIfr 280bQ)
tfJbhD hstsYb, `ˆv nbsl vsqsY …mfv W ƒhsb zfWn, ufbf pfq bf, sn sj?'
(zft-zfNfv¢t mfvICzfr 1/44)
(6) ˆjde hx[ mrfbhD -sj wkhfv kWqfI jsvdYt.
k]fv mcsJv tftf thBfÙÁ hf jec ifdbsjW ncöflc ifbDq jsv dlk.
k]fv hostv stfm dYt bf.
dkdb nfvf uDhb ˆjhfvW rfƒ skfstbdb.
jJsbf k]fv öi´slfN rqdb.
k]fv ianfa h-ifqJfbf pmDb sIse sJsq sItk ˆhQ ‰ ufqof rsk smwj-zfìsvv
sJfwhc shv rskf.
dkdb ifKsvv …iv ytsk sost ifKv ost spskf W jlm mchfvsjv lfo isV spk.
k]fv mcJmàst ofYiftfv Yfqf iadkdhdìk rskf.
dj§Â ðLc ofYiftfv Yfqf sjb? iadkdhdìk rst n©mcJ²¿ nh djYcv Ydh iadkdhdìk
315
rWqfv jKf.
zfnst ˆ nh djYc ltDtrDb lfhD. ˆ nh zdkvdÓk ÈBfhtDsk mrfbhD -ˆv
mpGflf hxdÝ rq dEjƒ, dj§Â ltDtdhrDb ˆmb zfjDlf k]fv hAfifsv vfJf …dyk bq, pfsk
dwjG zKhf hfVfhfdV rsq hsn.

zfsvf djYc zdkvdÓk dhw¶fn

mrfbhD zflmD W mfdev ³kdv mrfmfbh dYstb. dkdb bCsvv nxdó dYstb bf.
k]fv mfsU mrfmfbshv zdkdvÙÁ W zöfHfdhj hù ÈB dYt, pf nrDr ltDtdHdÙj
rst dhw¶fn jvf uv¢vD. nrDr ltDtdHdÙj bf rst dhw¶fn jvf ³hL bq.
zdkvdÓk ltDtrDb hù dhw¶fn zfmfslv nmfsuv hù mfbcsNv mfsU iaydtk. k]fvf
dhbf ltDst kf dhw¶fn jsv zKhf zyt ltDt sldJsq dbsuslv dhw¶fnsj nyt jvsk
yfq. sj… kf bf mfbst kfsj oftfofdt jsv. zfv ˆ jKf nkA sp, pJb mfbcsNv ht
rfdvsq pfq, ltDt J]sc u ifq bf, kJbƒ sn ofdt hAhrfv jsv. zKy nHA zfstsmv ubA
ˆ jfu smfseƒ nmDyDb bq.
ltDtrDb zöfHfdhj djYc dhw¶fn ifEsjv dJlmsk …Ýxk rt }-
zfïfrv bhD -ˆv ˆj sofYf sjw duhvf„stv Yq wk iftj zsi[fW swaq.
sp jfisV k]fv Ofm tfok, sn jfiV zfÈsb u¶tk bf.
k]fv jKf htfv jfst bCv Uvk. k]fv l]fskv zfstfsk ncƒW jcVfsbf spk.
…ùl pcsÝ k]fv [dvk vÙÁ rsh ùv-ƒ-„sbv oàslswv vdÙÁmf.
‰ vÙÁ pmDsb iVst djqfmk zhdL kfsk sjfb kxB oufskf bf.
k]fv Ho´ lfblfb duhvf„t dbsuv ubA zfïfrv oph rsk mcdÙÁlfkfv™si sysqdYstb.
k]fv sthfn W sjwvfdwv …iv LCtfhfdt iVk bf.
k]fv jfiV hf slsrv …iv mfdY hnk bf. hnstW k{[Bf{ msv spk.
k]fv ilpcost jJsbf Lcstfhfdt tfok bf. ifKsv if vfJst ifKv bvm rsq spskf.
…s©m nctfƒm k]fv Ofm dwdwsk Hsv vfJskb. k]fv Ofsmv sJfwhC ˆk kDha dYt sp,
dwdwv mcJ Jcst sost nfvf mlDbf zfksvv sJfwhcsk zfsmfdlk rsq spk. sjfb
lctrfsbv mfKfq ‰ Ofsmv sJfwhc tfofst kfv nfk icv¢N ipG§À ‰ sJfwhc sKsj spk.
dkdb sp ufqofq ƒd²Àbuf jvskb, sn ufqof rsk sJfwhc zfnk. ianfa h-ifqJfbf pf
rskf, pmDb oafn jsv sItk.
…s©m zfƒmfb k]fv nchfdnk ianfa h wvhk msb jsv sJsqdYstb. ˆv hjGsk k]fv nfk
icv¢N ipG§À jcvzfsbv rfsIp rsqdYt.
zfsvf jk jD! (û} bCsv mcufnXnfm 219-221ix})
ˆ njt dhw¶fn sjfb nrDr ltDt YfVf sjht zfsho hsw jvst zfjDlfq otl
zbcisa hw jsv. nckvfQ kfWrDslv ikfjfhfrD nfhLfb!
zbcv™i mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj vfrmfsbv nCvsk hfwfv v™si zfdhHCk G
jsvsYb---ˆmb dhw¶fn ëf§À. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
 316
x f!‫( " א‬١١) {• 1#3 :!‫ א‬1Š '3 B !‫ א‬: \1 ‫و‬: < R4 : 3*3„4 '3 P5 :•4 !5 }
zKGf{, sjfb djYcƒ k]fv nlxw bq. dkdb nhGswafkf, nhGûóf . (wCvf } 11)
ˆ dhëfd§Àv dbvnb slJcb `dkdb zfïfrv vrnA' dwsvfbfsm.

ofqhD Jhv
ƒtsm ofqh dhbf sjfb znDtf hf mfLAsm ocå zlxwA hf HCk-HdhNAskv Jhv ufbfsj
hst. ˆv™i Îfb sjfb nxdóv msLA sbƒ. ˆjmfÛ nxdójkGf zfïfrƒ ˆ dhNsq nmAjX
idvÎfk. zfïfrv vnCt ˆmb ofsqh ufbskb bf. pdl sj… dhw¶fn vfsJ sp, ˆƒ
ƒtXsm ofqh hf ofqhD Jhv ufbfv [mkf mrfbhD -ˆvW dYt, kfrst sn mcwdvj ˆhQ
jcvzfb-dhsvfLD.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
‫א‬Q&©5 1d3 Jْ I: ‫א‬:‫ ذ‬8B •
< Yْ : c@ &4 I: 8: ‫و‬: @‫ م‬O
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zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfrv dbjseƒ zfsY djqfmk (nQOdek rWqfv) Îfb, dkdb hxdó hNGB
jsvb ˆhQ dkdb ufsbb uvfqcsk pf zfsY. sj… ufsb bf zfofmD jft sn jD zuGb
jvsh ˆhQ sj… ufsb bf sjfbX slsw kfv mxkcA Oesh. dbÇyqƒ zfïfr nhGÎ, nhGdhNsq
zhdrk. (tcj¶mfb } 34)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
:8 <&:O5 1H5 4 :V 5!:‫ و‬N&5© R3 1‫ ن‬KJ:V :8 <&:O5 1H5 4 :V 5? : 1*> !‫@!> א‬A :X1'5 4 :V 5? <•4':; 3d4 :“ْ!‫ א‬1i :bْY38)
c@ 4&:V :8:‫ و‬1U 1':I ٍ‫ض‬4 5 Mc5‚3/ <•ْY: c@ 4&:I :8:‫א و‬Q&5© 1d3 ْJ:I ‫א‬:‫ ذ‬:8 <•ْY: 1H5 4 :I 5?:‫ م@ و‬:O4 5‚ْ!‫ א‬R3 1‫ ن‬KJ:V
.(1 5Œ:'ْ!‫ א‬1 R3~:V :b:8 <&:O5
zKGf{, ofqshv yfdhjfdE rt i]fyde, pf zfïfr YfVf zbA sj… ufsb bf. sj… ufsb bf
sp, jft jD Oesh. sj… ufsb bf sp, uvfqcsk jD zfsY. sj… ufsb bf sp, sn zfofmD
jft jD zuGb jvsh. sj… ufsb bf sp, sjfbX HCdmsk kfv mxkcA Oesh. ˆhQ sj… ufsb
bf sp, hxdó jJb zfnsh. (hcJfvD 1039bQ)
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫( " א م‬٥٩) {: \1 >?@A X: '1 5 4 V: 5? 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬1]I3 Y5 8: 1•:&S3 ‫و‬: }
ªk]fv dbjseƒ ofqshv yfdh, dkdb hAkDk zbA sj… kf ufsb bf.« (zfbzfm } 59)
{:7V@ ƒ3 b:S1'!ْ ‫ א‬:78M HKJ: 8: RM@A ْ‫وא‬1 ƒ3 b:4 5 3*’ !3 1d4 “: !ْ ‫' א‬: B@A 4 nK 5 3*/MB 7M8 › V: - 3*4 5 : :‫ل‬T@ K 5?4 !5 :‫! ن‬K nK V: ‫و‬: }
ªkfvf hst, kf]v iadk kf]v iadkiftsjv i[ rsk sjfb dblwGb zhkDBG jvf rqdb
sjb? nckvfQ kcdm hst lfW, `zlxswAv Jhv wcLcmfÛ zfïfrƒ ufsbb. zkˆh skfmvf
iakD[fq Kfj, zfdmW skfmfslv nfsK iakD[fq Kfjtfm.« (ƒ…bcn } 20)
'B : ٍ 3 “: /3 5h/2: 8: ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 4 P> : I:‫و‬: •1 &4 14 5 1*rPK 1 84 5 ‫ א‬1ŠL : 4 V1 3*4 !5 @A‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬1d4 ©5 3*’ !3‫و‬: }
317
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ªzfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb zfïfrvƒ ˆhQ kf]vƒ jfsY nh djYc
iakAfhdkGk rsh, nckvfQ kcdm kf]v …ifnbf jv ˆhQ kf]v …iv dbHGv jv. zfv skfmvf
pf jv, sn nìsá skfmfv iadkiftj …lfnDb bb.« (rCl } 123)
N R4 : M PK 5 : :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 1$: 6ْ 5 : \1 ‫و‬4 5 @ #
: :!ْ ‫']@ א‬4 5 P5 >?@A 3 : B !‫ א‬1 84 5 8: ‫و‬: @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬1d4 ©5 3*’ !3‫و‬: }
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ªzfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb zfïfrvƒ ˆhQ djqfmskv hAfifv skf
y[cv itsjv bAfq; hvQ kfv sysqW nk¶v. dbÇyq zfïfr nhGdhNsq nhGwdÙÁmfb.«
(bfrXt } 77)
}XJ!‫( " א‬٢٦) {@‫ض‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬1d4 ©5 1*!5 ‫„ א‬13 !5 ': /3 1H5 4 5 1*> !‫ @ א‬6K }
ªkcdm ht, kfvf jkjft dYt zfïfrƒ ufsbb, zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv zÎfk
dhNsqv (ofqshv) Îfb k]fvƒ.« (jfrXI } 26)
zfhC ùvfƒvf iamcJf{ hdBGk, bhD hstsYb,
.(:H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫> א‬, : N&'B + : 81 5 : :‫ل‬T@ 4 K ': /3 : Y5 P5 &4 n5 5 1‫ ل‬nK V: ': /3 1*65 B&#
: 5 ً ‫א‬B : ‫و‬4 5 SQ\3 P5 I:5 74 8: )
ªsp hAdÙÁ sjfb oBj hf suAfdkNDv dbje …id²¿k rsq sn pf hst, kf nkA msb
(dhÇhfn) jvt, sn hAdÙÁ mcrf©mfl -ˆv …iv zhkDBG (jcvzfsbv) iadk jcIvD
jvt.« (zfrmfl, rfsjm, nrDùt ufsm' 5939bQ)
spsrkc jcvzfb hstsY,
(٦٥) {:‫„ ن‬1: 4 V1 :‫ ن‬VB5 :‫ون‬1 1 f4 V: 8: ‫و‬: 1*> !‫@ >! א‬A :d4 “: !ْ ‫ض@ א‬4 5‚!ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬R3 7:8 1H5 4 V: !> 6K }
ªht, zfïfr hAkDk zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDsk sj…ƒ zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb vfsJ bf
ˆhQ Wvf jJb icbv¢dÚk rsh, kf Wvf ufsb bf.« (bfmXt } 65)
zfv ‰ oBj-dhw¶fnD LfvBf jsv sp, oBj ofqshv Jhv ufsb.
ˆ sot zfmHfsh zfïfr hAkDk zbA jfsvf ofsqh bf ufbfv jKf. kfsk njt bhD
wfdmt ˆhQ bhDjct dwsvfmdB W wfdmt. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
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ªˆHfsh zfdm dbu dbslGsw skfmfv iadk zrD (iakAfslw) jsvdY v™r. kcdm skf
ufbsk bf djkfh jD, „mfb jD. i[f§Àsv zfdm ˆsj jsvdY ˆmb zfstf, pfv äfvf zfdm
zfmfv lfnslv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf iK-dbslGw jdv. zfv dbÇyqƒ kcdm nvt iK ialwGb
jv---.« (wCvf } 52)
mrfb zfïfr swNbhD -sj htsk zfslw jsvsYb,
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 318
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ªht, zfïfr pf ƒ¤Yf jsvb, kf hAkDk zfmfv dbsuv Hfstf-ms¦lv …ivW zfmfv
sjfb zdLjfv sbƒ. zfdm pdl ofqshv Jhv ufbkfm, kfrst skf zfdm iaHCk jtAfB
tfH jvkfm ˆhQ sjfb zjtAfBƒ zfmfsj ±iwG jvk bf. zfdm skf wcLc dhw¶fnD
n©ialfsqv ubA nkjGjfvD W ncnQhflhfrD.« (zf'vfI } 188)
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ht, `zfdm skf sjfb bkcb vnCt bƒ. zfv zfdm ufdb bf sp, zfmfv W skfmfslv
hAfifsv jD jvf rsh; zfdm zfmfv iadk pf zrD (iakAfslw) jvf rq wcLc kfvƒ zbcnvB
jdv. zfdm ˆj ±ió nkjGjfvD mfÛ.' (‚rXjf¶ I } 9)
3*3 4 ©5 5 : 1 X@ ƒْ V1 5 5 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬1H!3 : (٢٥) ‫א‬Q&8: 5 RM/: 1*!5 1 : ~
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ªht, zfdm ufdb bf, skfmfslvsj sp dhNsq iadkwa¢dk slWqf rsqsY kf dj zfnâ, bf
zfmfv iadkiftj ˆv ubA sjfb lDOG dmqfl d²¿v jvshb. dkdb zlxswAv idvÎfkf,
dkdb k]fv zlxswAv Îfb jfsvf dbje iajfw jsvb bf. k]fv msbfbDk vnCt hAkDk; sn
s[sÛ zfïfr vnCstv zsoa W iÇyfsk iarvD dbsqfduk jsvb.« (du¶b } 25-27)
dkdb k]fv bhD -sj iChpG csov djYc ƒdkrfn ufdbsq hstsYb,
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ªˆ nm²À zlxwAstfsjv nQhfl zfdm skfmfsj ‰wDhfBD äfvf zhdrk jsvdY; pf ˆv
iCshG kcdm ufbsk bf ˆhQ skfmfv n©ialfqW ufbk bf.« (rCl } 49)
zk}iv zfïfrv n©mfdbk zfèX W vnCstv uhfbD iadBLfbspfoA. dkdb hstb,
.((H4 JK /3 !5 ‫و‬: R3/ 1 : Yْ V1 8: 3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : :5 ‫و‬: c@ ‫د‬4 5 8: 3*> !‫א‬:‫))و‬
ªzfdm zfïfrv vnCt. dj§Â zfïfrv jnm! zfmfv ufbf sbƒ sp, zfmfv W skfmfslv
nfsK jD hAhrfv jvf rsh.« (hcJfvD 2687bQ, zfrmfl 6/436)
.« 5? ‫م‬4 5 : \1 À 3 : < V4 T: 1 5 x@ ‫د‬4 5 8: ‫و‬: 5? ‫م‬4 5 : \1 < 3 !5 Š< BI15 x@ ‫د‬4 5 8: »
ªzfdm ufdb bf sp, kcêf zdHwå dj bf ˆhQ zfdm ufdb bf sp, …pfƒv bhD dj bf.«
(zfhC lf†l 4676bQ)
zbA hBGbfq zfsY, ªzfdm ufdb bf sp, pct-j¶fvbfƒb bhD dj bf ˆhQ zfdm ufdb bf sp,
làdhdLv iasqfo ifsiv iafqdÇyÙ dj bf.« (dn} nrDrfr 2217bQ)
319
3d3 ~
: /3 •
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4 V: :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 : 81 5 : 3 ‫و‬1 M ž
: I1 5? »
.« 1*> !‫ א‬S:„4 b:4 ‫@ א‬7'B 83 :‫ ن‬P5 ‫م‬4 5 34 65 :‫ ق‬5 ‚5 5 :Z3 , : 74 ': 3 :‫ ن‬P5 5 x@ ‫د‬4 5 5 5 @‫ش‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬
ªmCnfv …iv zfmfsj iafLfbA dlsqf bf. spsrkc djqfmskv dlb mfbcN mCdYGk rsq
iVsh. zk}iv zfdm nhGiaKm jhv sKsj …sE slJh, mCnf zfvswv ifqfnmCsrv ˆjde
ifqf (zbA ˆj hBGbf msk zfvswv ˆj iaf§À) Lsv zfsYb. zkˆh ufdb bf sp, dkdb
mCdYGk rsqdYstb zKhf (zfïfrsj slJsk yfWqfv nmq kCv ifrfsV) mCdYGk rWqfv
dhdbmsq dkdb mCdYGk rbdb.« (hcJfvD 2411, mcndtm 6302bQ)
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, bhD pJb hxdó-nýfhbfmq smO slJst zoa-
iÇyf{ rsq r]fefr]fde jvskb. zk}iv hxdó rst wËfmcÙÁ rskb. ˆjlf zfdm httfm,
(`zfidb ˆmb wËfoa²À rb sjb? stfsjvf skf smO slJst sJfw rq.') dkdb htstb,
:1 Œ3 '4 82 ‫ض‬
< @ : ‫א‬:W\: ‫! א‬K 65 H4 X@ b3 V: 3‫ود‬4 5 : 3 nْ b:4 82 k
Q @ : 1•‫و‬4 5 : 'B 5 5 } : !5 : I: K%‫ א‬:‫ ل‬65 ': P5 1*> : !5 c
4 @ ‫د‬4 5 8: ‫و‬:
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ªufdb bf, rqskf-hf kfƒ rsk ifsv, spmb zfïfr kfzftf hstsYb, zk}iv pJb
kfslv …ikAjfv dlsj kfvf smO zfnsk slJt, kJb kfvf htsk tfot, `Wef skf
smO, zfmfslvsj hxdó lfb jvsh.' (rCl htt,) `hvQ Wefƒ skf kf, pf skfmvf k¶vfd¦hk
jvsk sysqY; ˆj UV, pfsk vsqsY mmG§l wfd²À. (‚rXjf¶ I } 24, dkvdmpD 3257, ƒhsb
mfufr 3891, dn} nrDrfr 2757bQ)
ˆjlf duhvDt k]fsj djqfmk iansÌ duÎfnf jvstb. …Ùsv dkdb htstb,
.((@ s3 B !‫ א‬74 83 :H5 4 5‚/3 X: S4 : 1‫^ ل‬14 ': !ْ ‫ א‬8: ))
ªˆ dhNsq duÎfdnk duÎfnj zsi[f zdLj zhok bq.« (hcJfvD, mcndtm 8, zfhC
lf†l 4695, dkvdmpD 2613, dmwjfk 2bQ)
ˆj dhhfr-zfnsv vnCt -ˆv …id²¿dksk jkjÈdt sYfe sYfe hfdtjf (mfduGk)
oDk ofd¤Yt. ˆj YsÛ kfvf htt, `zfmfslv mfsU ˆmb bhD zfsYb, dpdb zfofmD
jfstv Jhv ufsbb.' kf ðsb dkdb htstb,
.(: !3 nK I: 39S4 PK 8: R3! 6K ‫و‬: ‫א‬:WJ5 \: R3! nK I: !5 )
ªˆef hstf bf, iCshG pf htdYst kfƒ ht.« (hcJfvD 5147, mcndtm 3140 bQ)
diaqkmf ²ÃD zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v ydvsÛ jtË vest dkdb mmGfrk rstb.
ofqshv Jhv ufbst vef Jhsv dkdb jBGifk jvskb bf. zk}iv idhÛkfv nf[A
dbsq nCvf bCsvv jsqjde zfqfk zhkDBG rst db}ns¦lsr dkdb hcUstb sp, zfsqwf
idhÛf. (hcJfvD 2661, mcndtm 2770bQ)
dkdb ²ÃD pqbfshv dbje iakAr mLc ifb jvskb. nik´D zfsqwf W rfInf (vfdp¶qfïfù
zfbrf) ivfmwG jvstb sp, k]fslv dbje dkdb ˆst iaskAsjƒ k]fsj htshb, `zfibfv
dbje mfofIDv (ˆj iajfv ofY rsk db}nxk dmó zfEfstf vn)ˆv oá ifd¤Y. zfidb
mfofdIv sJsqsYb.' htstbW kfƒ. dkdb k]fslv ˆ jKfq dhw¶fn jsv (pqbfshv dbje)
mLc JfWqf rfvfm jvstb. pfv …iv zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
 320
(١) {H< O 3 B < YK ©5 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬5hL 3 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 :U k : 4 8: R3“b:4 I: 5h!5 1*> !‫ א‬B O: 5 8: 1‫م‬M +
: I1 :H!3 2R3 SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr bhD! zfïfr skfmfv ubA pf ShL jsvsYb, kcdm skfmfv ²ÃDslv JcwD jvfv ubA
kf zShL jvY sjb?« (kfrvDm } 1, hcJfvD 5267bQ)
nckvfQ dkdb ofsqh ufbst ²ÃDslv jKfq rftftsj rfvfm jvskb bf.
mrfb zfïfr zfsvf hstb,
:‫ض‬: 4 5 ‫و‬: 1*: 4 /: : B : 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ א‬1•: X: lْ 5 ‫و‬: 3*/3 U
4 5‚B: 'B 5 5 „QV3&O: 3*L 3 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 @m4 /: !5 @A 2R3 SB!‫ א‬B : 5 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
HV +b!‫( א‬٣) { •
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zbAsj hst dlsqdYt ˆhQ zfïfr bhDsj kf ufdbsq dlsqdYstb. bhD ˆ dhNsq kfv sn
²ÃDsj djYc htt ˆhQ djYc htt bf. bhD pJb kf kfsj ufbft, kJb sn htt,
`zfibfsj sj zhok jvt?' bhD htt, `zfmfsj zhdrk jsvsYb dkdb, dpdb nhGÎ,
nmAjX zhok.« (kfrvDm } 3)
zft-jcvzfsbv ˆƒ hBGbf sKsjW hcUf pfq sp, dkdb ofsqh ufbskb bf. spsrkc dpdb
ofqshv Jhv ufsbb ˆhQ nh Jhv vfsJb, k]fsj duÎfnf jvf zbKGj sp, `zfibfsj sj
zhok jvt?' hf `zfidb jDHfsh ufbstb?'
druvskv nIsv dkdb vfrhfv nfsK dbsqdYstb. ofqshv Jhv ufbst kfv lvjfv
rskf bf.
6ô druvD nsb vfnCtïc fr iafq syZÜw nfrfhfsq djvfm nr …mvfv …sÜswA mÄf
pfÛf jsvb. dj§Â mÄfv ndâjse ùlfƒdhqf bfmj ²¿fsb jfsIvvf bhD jvDm -sj hfLf
slq ˆhQ kf]sj …mvfr jvf sKsj dhvk vfsJ. dkdb …Nmfb -sj öDq iadkdbdL
drnfsh mÄfq ifEfb. pfsk dkdb jcvfƒw sbkxhsx ¦lv nfsK zfstfybf j'sv kfslvsj
mcndtmslv …mvfr jvfv zbcmdk slWqfv hAfifsv …äcÝ jsvb. dj§Â …Nmfb -ˆv
mÄf omsbv iv kf]v wrDl rWqfv Èuh vse pfq. kfƒ bhD …Nmfb -ˆv rkAfv
iadkswfL sbWqfv ubA nfrfhfsq djvfmslv jfsY `hfƒzfk' (wiK) oarB jsvb.
spefsj `hfqzfsk dvpWqfb' htf rq. isv ˆ Èuh Hct iamfdBk rq. mrfbhD
ofqshv Jhv ufbst kf rskf bf.
ˆj nIsv mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v rfv rfdvsq sot. ˆjlt nfrfhfv
sJ]fufJ]dc uv ivW kf ifWqf sot bf. zhswsN jcy jvfv nmq …sev dbsy kf ifWqf
sot. dkdb ofsqh ufbst zbKGj sJ]fufJ]cdusk nmq bó jvskb bf.
khcj zdHpfsb k]fv ˆj …e dbv¢sÜw rt. pfql dhb bcnfƒh mcbfdIj htt,
`mcrf©mfl bhD rWqfv lfhD j'sv zfnmfsbv Jhv hst slq, zKy kfv …e sjfKfq, kf
kfv ufbf sbƒ!' dkdb htstb, ªˆj hAdÙÁ ˆƒ jKf hst. zfïfrv jnm! dkdb pf
ufbfb, kf hAkDk zfmfv zbA djYc ufbf sbƒ. (zfnfrùn dnqfv 324ix})
zbcv™iHfsh dkdb ofsqh ufbst dh'sv mf†bfq 70 ub jfvD wrDl rskb bf ˆhQ
k]fv zbAfbA njt dhil sKsj h]fyfv iK iCshGƒ ufbsk ifvskb.
dkdb pdl ofqhD Jhv ufbskb, kfrst sjfb sjfb dnÝf§À mrfb zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf hf
321
hf²Àshv dhivDk rskf bf. spmb hlv pcsÝv h¦lDslv hAfifsv, durfsl bf pfWqfv
zbcmdk slWqfv hAfifsv, ˆj ƒqfùlDsj syfv nfhA²À jvfv hAfifsv, sJucsvv ivfo-
dmtb nfLb jvfv hAfifsv ƒkAfdl.
dkdb ofqh ufbskb bf hstƒ dhyfsvv nmq nkjG jsv hstsYb,
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: /3 1*!5 194 : 65 74 ': 5 5h!3:W/3 1*!5 :R3 6ْ 5‚5
ªzfdm skf ˆjub mfbcN. zfv skfmvf (dhhfl jsv) Ifqnftfv ubA zfmfv dbje
zfsnf. rqskf skfmfslv sj… sj… zsbAv kctbfq zdLj hfjXiec. zfv zfdm kfv
jKfv dHdÙsk kfv is[ Ifqnftf jdv. nckvfQ zfdm pdl jf…sj kfv (mcndtm)
Hfƒsqv rj kfv ubA Ifqnftf jsv dlƒ, kfrst zfnst zfdm kfv ubA zfÈsbv
ecjvf sjse dlƒ.« (hcJfvD 2458, mcndtm 4572bQ)
ˆkäAkDk zfsvf hù ifÄf ltDstv dHdÙskƒ zfrst ncâfr …isvfÙÁ zfj¶Dlfr vfsJ.
kfƒ IfkfWqf jfpDJfb (4/469)sk htf rsqsY, `ƒtsm ofsqshv lfhDlfv jfsIv.'
wfvsr dIjXsr zfjhfv (184ix})sk htf rsqsY, `zfdìqfoB ofsqshv Jhv ufbskb
bf.' lcsvG mcJkfv (1/17) ˆhQ mcjf¶ Üfmfr drlfqfr (1/59)sk htf rsqsY, `ƒtsm
ofsqh zfïfr YfVf zfv sjfb mJtCsjv sbƒ.'
i[f§Àsv ofsqh ufbf bhczskv idviCvj sjfb zQw hf dhNq bq. dkdb ofsqh
ufbskb bf htst k]fv mpGflf W bhczskv sjfb iajfv rfdb rq bf. spsrkc ofsqh ufbf
ˆjmfÛ zfïfrv ÈB W ³hdwóA. kfƒ kfsk sjfb dIdvñf, bhD, ztD hf zbA sj… wvDj
bq. snsrkc ˆƒ zfjDlf iamfB W sifNB jvf ˆhQ dhw¶fn vfJf mrfbhD -ˆv iadk
sjfb iajfv shqfldh bq. k]fv mfb W wfb rafn jvf bq. hvQ k]fv W k]fv dbslGswv iadk
pKfKG zflh ˆhQ zfïfrv kfWrDslv …iv iCBG „mfb.
i[f§Àsv pdl sj… sjfb znDtfv mfLAsm sjfb zlxwA dhNsqv Îfb tfH j'sv Kfsj,
ksh kf ofqh ufbf bq. zkˆh pdl sj… dIdvñfv nfrfspA (zfdìqfosBv ubAƒ dbdlGó)
zlxwA hf HCk-HdhNAskv Jhv hst Kfsjb, ksh kf ƒtXsm ofsqh bq.
ˆmb Jhv, pf zfnst ofqshv, dj§Â zrD mfvI{ bhDsj ufbfsbf rsqsY. ˆmb zsbj
ofqhD Jhv dkdb ufbskb. spsrkc kf k]fsj ufbfsbf rsqsY.
bhDosBv zrD nfLfvBk} 6 iajfv rsq Kfsj. zfv kfv msLA sp sjfb ˆjde …ifsq
k]fvf ofqshv Jhv susb Kfsjb.
1. nkA öi´ } ösi´v mfLAsm bhDsj sjfb dhNq ufdbsq slWqf rskf.
2. duhvDt slJf bf dlsq zlxwA zh²¿fb sKsjƒ bhDv z§Àsv sjfb dhNq iad[å rskf.
3. duhvDt mfbcsNv zfjxdk LfvB jsv nvfndv bhDv nfsK jKf htskb.
4. zrD zhkDBG rWqfv nmq O¦eDv wsèv mskf `ecbecb' wè rskf. bhDv wvDv
HfvD W OmGdnÙÁ rskf.
5. bhD sjfb sjfb nmq duhvDtsj k]fv nxdóok zfjxdksk lwGb jvskb.
6. ilGfv z§Àvft sKsj mrfb zfïfr nvfndv jKf hstsYb. (hfQtf zfvGfrDjct mfJkCm
133-134ix} û})
 322
zlxwA hf ofqshv Jhv zfïfrƒ ufsbb, ksh dkdb …ipGcÙÁ sjfb znDtfq jf…sj
ufbfst, dkdb kf ufbsk ifsvb. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: 3dMŒ> !‫ א‬:783 :¢ 3 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬T: '3 V: : bBO
: 3*4 5 : H4 b1 5 v:8 5 : : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬: :W: !3 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8B }
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٧٩) { f: V: 7:8 3*31 2 738 R3 b:~ 4 V: :*’ !‫ א‬B7J3 !5 ‫و‬: d
3 4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬5 : H4 JK : 3Œْ 1 !3
ªzidhÛ (mcbfdIj)sj idhÛ (mc'dmb) rsk ixKj bf jvf ipG§À skfmvf sp zh²¿fq
vsqY, zfïfr sn zh²¿fq dhÇhhfdnoBsj sYsV dlsk ifsvb bf. zlxwA n©isjG
skfmfslv zhdrk jvf zfïfrv (dbqm) bq. zhwA (kfv ubA) zfïfr kf]v vnCtosBv
msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf msbfbDk jsvb.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 179)
3*V4 :&V: @74 /: 738 KhK 4 V: 1*B@‘5 ‫ ٍل‬1 B 738 : I:4 ‫@ א‬78: !> @A (٢٦) ‫א‬Q&O
: 5 3*3 4 ©5 5 : 1 X@ ƒْ V1 5 5 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬1H!3 : }
7±‫( " א‬٢٧) {‫א‬Q&, : : 3*Y3 ْ ;
: 74 83 ‫و‬:
ªdkdb zlxswAv idvÎfkf, dkdb kf]v zlxswAv Îfb jfsvf dbje iajfw jsvb bf.
kf]v msbfbDk vnCt hAkDk. snƒ s[sÛ dkdb vnCstv zsoa ˆhQ iÇyfsk iarvD
dbsqfduk jsvb.« (du¶b } 26-27)
(١١٣) { 'Q ƒ3 : 5h4 5 : 3*’ !‫ א‬1 4 5 :‫ ن‬P5 ‫و‬: 1H5 4 I: 74 JK I: H4 !5 8: 5h': > : ‫و‬: 5 ': Jْ + 3 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:$ b:J3 !ْ ‫ א‬h5 4 5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬:‫ل‬T: 5 ‫و‬: }
ªzfïfr skfmfv iadk djkfh W iaÎf zhkDBG jsvsYb ˆhQ kcdm pf ufbsk bf, kf
skfmfsj dw[f dlsqsYb. zfv skfmfv iadk zfïfrv mrf zbcora vsqsY.« (dbnf } 113)
:9SKP 8: ‫و‬: :HV: 4 8: 1 YK Jْ V: H4 X1 V25 H4 X1 8: 5 6ْ 5 ‫ ن‬nK ْ V1 ‫ذ‬4 @A H4 X@ V4 :&!5 :9SKP 8: ‫و‬: 5h !5 @A 3* O 3 1 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬: 5 74 83 5h!3:‫}ذ‬
‫ل ' אن‬- " (٤٤) {:‫' ن‬1 # 3 b:ž
4 V: ‫ذ‬4 @A H4 X@ V4 :&!5
ªˆ zlxwAstfsjv nQhfl pf skfmfsj zrD (‰wDhfBD) äfvf zhdrk jvdY. kcdm
kfslv dbje dYst bf, pJb mfvqAfsmv kÙ¶fhLfsbv lfdqk¶ kfslv msLA sj sbsh (kf
slJfv ubA) kfvf kfslv jtm dbs[i jvdYt ˆhQ pJb kfvf (ˆ hAfifsv) hflfbchfl
jvdYt, kJbW kcdm kfslv dbje dYst bf.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 44)
5 :63 : !ْ ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A 4 3 ,
4 5 ‫א‬:W\: @ 4 65 738 5h81 4 65 5?‫و‬: :9 5 X: '1 5 4 I: :9SKP 8: 5h4 !5 @A X: O
3 1 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬: 5 74 83 5hْ I3 }
‫( " \ د‬٤٩) {: n3 bB'1 ْ !3
ªˆef rs¤Y zlxwA nQhflnmCsrv z§ÀHÙ cG Á, pf zfdm skfmfv jfsY zrD (iakAfslw)
mfvIk si]ZdYsq dld¤Y, ƒdkiCshG ˆef bf kcdm ufbsk, zfv bf skfmfv n©ialfq ufbk.
nckvfQ kcdm ³LpG LfvB jv. dbÇyq wcH idvBfm nQpmwDtslv ubAƒ.« (rCl } 49)
(١٠٢) { :‫ون‬1 JK '4 V: H4 \1 ‫و‬: H4 \1 : 84 5 ْ‫ א‬1 ': L
4 5 ‫ذ‬4 @A H4 X@ V4 :&!5 :9SKP 8: ‫و‬: 5h4 !5 @A 3* O
3 1 3d4 “: !ْ ‫ א‬: 5 74 83 5h!3:‫}ذ‬
ªˆef zlxwA stfsjv nQhfl pf skfmfsj zfdm zrD äfvf zhdrk jvdY; NVp§Ãjfst
pJb kfvf mSksjA si]ZsY dYt, kJb kcdm kfslv dbje dYst bf.« (ƒ…ncI } 102)
Îfsbv nfov mrfbhD mrfb zfïfrv kvI sKsj iafå hù `ofqhD Jhv' ufbskb
ˆhQ ufbfskb. nxdóv zfdl sKsj z§À ipG§À nm²À Èv¢k¶iCBG Jhv dkdb nQd[å jKfq
iajfw j'sv sosYb. HCk-HdhNAskv zsbj Jhv dkdb iasw´v …ÙsvW htskb. dkdb sp
Jhvƒ dlsqsYb kf nCphG { nkAv™si OsesY, hf²Àsh hkGmfsb OesY ˆhQ HdhNAsk Oesh.
323
ƒnvf' W dm'vfu ëmsBv isv mcwdvjvf kf dmKAf msb j'sv nkAkfv iamfB sysq
k]fsj hfqkct mfj¶slsnv bjwf nìsá iaw´ jvst, dkdb mÄf sKsjƒ kfv Ydh slsJ
iCBvG ™i hBGbf dlsqdYstb.
hlv pcsÝv iCshGƒ sjfvfƒwlstv jfv sjfKfq hLAHCdm rsh, kfv bfm W ²¿fb dydrÁk
jsvdYstb. (dmwjfk 5871bQ)
Jfqhfsvv ˆj ƒqfùlD mdrtf k]fsj zfmd§Ãk jsv dhN-dmdwak mfQn sJsk dlsqdYt,
kf dkdb ufbsk sisvdYstb. (dmwjfk 5931bQ)
mcndtmslv Èå vrnA W pcÝ-ia²d k nìdtk ˆj sofib iÛ nr ˆj mdrtf
mcwdvjslvsj nkjG jvfv …sÜswA mÄfv isK pfd¤Yt, kfv Jhv ufdbsq nfrfhf ifdEsq
kf iadkrk jsvdYstb.
mckf zdHpfsb uf'Iv W pfqslv wrDl rWqfv nQhfl pcÝs[Û sKsj sj… dIsv
zfnfv iCshGƒ mlDbfq zh²¿fb jsvƒ njtsj ufdbsqdYstb. (hcJfvD 3630bQ)
ˆjub mcufdrslv ubA hstdYstb sp, sn ufrfâfmD. nfrfhfoB Jhv dbsq slsJb, sn
zfk¹rkAf jsv mfvf pfq ˆhQ kfv Ist sn ufrfâfmD rsh.
k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv iv zfrst hfqskv msLA Ifdkmf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf)v iaKm mxkcA
rsh, kf dkdb ufdbsqdYstb.
dkdb iCshGƒ hstdYstb, zf©mfvsj ˆj dhsûfrD sofôD rkAf jvsh. kfƒ OsesY.
…Nmfb -ˆv dIkbfv dhNsq pf hstdYstb, kfƒ OsesY.
rfnfb dhb zftD -ˆv rfsk mcndtmslv dhvfe lcƒ lstv mfsU wfd§À ²¿fib rWqfv
JhvW nkA OsesY.
ƒkAfjfv hù dhNsqv HdhNA{ W zlxswAv Jhv dkdb susbdYstb W ufdbsqdYstb.
dj§Â ˆ nh djYc zrD (duhvDt, öi´ hf ƒtrfm) mfvI{.
ˆ dhNsq smfe jKf rt, dkdb ofqh ufbskb bf. ofqh ufbf mrfb zfïfrv ³hdwóA.
ksh k]fsj ufbfsbf hù ofqshv Jhv dkdb ufbskb. ˆef k]fv dhwft mpGflf.
n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm.

k]fv jhsvv mpGflf

dkdb nhGswaô mfbcN, nhGswaô bhD, k]fv jhsvv mpGflf zhwAƒ njt jhsvv mpGflf
zsi[f shdw. dj§Â zfshomq zdkvÓbjfvDvf hstb,
R b V‫א! ش א و‬ ‫ ق‬YV ...... &'` HV J!‫ א‬Ä ‫& א‬6 8 X/
`snƒ oìcsuv dHkvƒ vdrqfsY rpvk mcrf©ml Yfïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfsmv
wpAf²¿fb---k]frfv wpAfv HCJsàv mpGflf zfvw zsi[f zdLj.' (mWtfbf zfpDpct rj
nfsrshv hfQtf shfJfvD wvDI 5m Jsàv HCdmjfv 3ix})
pdlW zbchfsl `zft-mfWtft jfvDm', `zft-mczfïf' W `qAf'kftD' wèÈdtv
zbchfl sYsV slWqf rsqsY. zfnt zbchfl rsh, `snƒ oìcsuv dHkvƒ vdrqfsY mfWtf
jfvDm mcrf©mfl (n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr znfïfm)ˆv wpAf²¿fb---k]frfv wpAfv HCJsàv
mpGflf nc…¤y zfvw zsi[f zdLj W …¤y.'
 324
nfLfvB mfbcsNW zbcmfb jvsk ifsv sp, mrfb zfïfr zfvsw zfsYb. sp zfvwsj
mrfb zfïfr `zfpDm', `jfvDm' W `mfuDl' hstsYb, sp zfvswv …iv dkdb nmfnDb,
sn zfvswv mpGflfsj snƒ jhv sKsj sYfe jvf, sp jhsv mrfbhD wqb jsv zfsYb.
ˆmb zfshofi½k c iawQnfq dj mrfb zfïfrsj sYfe jvf rq bf?
zfshso W siasmv …¤Yx£Jt HfNfq uDhb-ndÌbDsj `ufb-iafB' zsbj djYc htf pfq,
kf hst iawQnf jvsk jvsk kfsj `mfkfufb' htf pfq bf. nh djYcv ˆjef nDmf
zfsY. iawQnfvW nDmf Kfjf lvjfv.
jf'h zft-zfrhfv hstsYb, `ˆmb sjfb dlb …lq rq bf, pJb nÙv rfufv
sIsvwXkf zhkvB bf jsvb; k]fvf vfnCtcïfr -ˆv jhv-ƒ-zfkXrfvsj idvshób
jsv sIstb; k]fvf i[nmCr (dh²Àfsvv …sÜswA) mfvsk Kfsjb, k]fvf vfnCtcïfr -
ˆv …iv nftfk zfvu jvsk Kfsjb. pJb náAf rq, k]fvf (zfnmfsb) zfsvfrB jsvb
ˆhQ k]fslvƒ nmnQJAj (zKGf{ nÙv rfufv) bkcb sIsvwXkf zhkvB jsvb;
zk}iv k]fvf ‰ jfuƒ jsv Kfsjb, pf iChhG kGDvf jsvsYb. ˆ Lfvfq k]fslv zhkvB,
nftfk siavB W icb} zfnmfsb zfsvfrB ytskƒ Kfjsh pfhk däkDq dwMf Ic{jfsvv
iv pmDb kf rsk dhlDBG bf rsq pfq. kJb hdroGk rshb jhv rsk zfv nÙv rfufv
sIsvwXkf k]fsj dbsq rfwv mfsEv iadk ytshb.' (lfsvmD)
…ÙÁ zfNfsv mrfbhD -ˆv jhv ˆhQ k]fv iadk lv™l iVfv mfrfk¹A iamfdBk rq.
nfrfhDv hBGbfq dj§Â skmb zdkvÓb sbƒ, spmb ivhkGD nCIDi§¿Dvf jsv Kfsj.
zsbsj k]fv jhsvv kfWqfI jsv. zsbsj mf zfsqwfv hfnfv svdtQ Ycsq mcJ-hcj
mfnfr jsv zKhf rfk ycìb jsv, svdtQ-ˆv nfsK oft hf hcj-sie tfofq, zsbsj
dIvfv nmq jhvsj diYb jsv bf. zsbsj jhvsj nfmsb jsv bfmfp isV. pfslv msb
dwjG-dhlzfskv HCk hfnf sh]sL zfsY, kfvf zfsvf zsbj djYc jsv.
mrfb zfïfr zfmfslvsj mrfbhD -ˆv pKfKG n©mfb jvfv kWIDj dlb ˆhQ
zdkvÓbjfvDslv zkcAdÙÁ sKsj zfmfslv „mfb W zfjDlfsj dbmGt vfJcb. zfmDb.

k]fsj dj dnulf jvf pfq?

HÙÁslv zh²¿f ˆmbW rq sp, HdÙÁv zfdkwspA HdÙÁHfubsj dnulf jvsk yfq.
ˆj mdrtf …lcG jdh hstsYb,
ªofv kcsU dnulf jfv¢ÌD skf `jfsIv' jfsrsÌ stfo,
stdjb sjfb snfykf rAfq, kcsU slJsb sj hf'l?«
ˆmbef rq hstƒ mcwdvjslv mfsU dnulfv iaytb zfsY. sj… msb jsv kfv
HdÙÁHfub öqQ Hohfb. zfhfv sj… msb jsv dkdb Hohfsbv Yfqf, Hohfsbv nmkct.
iChhG kGD bhDslv jfsvf jfsvf wvDqsk `kfpDmD dnulf' ³hL dYt. spmb ƒ…ncI
dbu dikfmfkfsj dnulf jsvdYstb. dj§Â mcrf©mflD wvDqsk kf rfvfm rsq pfq. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
B7X1 n5 5 ;
: c3W!> ‫ א‬3*> !3 ‫وא‬1&~
1 4 ‫א‬:‫' @ و‬: n5 ْ !3 !5 ‫و‬: @•'4 fB !3 ‫وא‬1&~
1 4 I: !5 1 ': n5 !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬1•'4 fB !‫א‬:‫ و‬1 X: SB!‫א‬:‫ و‬1 4 > !‫ א‬3*I3 V: - 74 83 ‫و‬: }
325
9 # " (٣٧) {:‫ون‬1&14 I: 1• VB @A H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A
zKGf{, k]fv dblwGbfhtDv msLA vsqsY vfk W dlb, nCpG W y¦û . skfmvf nCpsG j dnulf
jsvf bf, y¦ûsjW bq; hvQ dnulf jv zfïfrsj, dpdb ˆÈdt nxdó jsvsYb, pdl skfmvf
k]fvƒ ƒhflk (lfnk¶) jv. (rf-mDm nfulfr } 37)
nctfƒmfb bhDv nÌD ifdJ ùlùl hstdYt,
@ 3 B !‫@ א‬7: H4 \1 B&#
: 5 H4 X1 !5 ': 4 5 1‫ ن‬Œ5 4 fB !‫ א‬1HX1 !5 :7VB ‫ز‬: ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ون@ א‬1‫ د‬738 @•'4 fB !3 :‫ون‬1&~
1 4 V: X: 8: 4 65 ‫و‬: X: I2&:L‫و‬: }
'S!‫( " א‬٢٤) {:‫ون‬1&b:X4 V: !5 H4 X1 5
zKGf{, zfdm kfsj W kfv n©ialfqsj slJtfm, kfvf zfïfrv idvhskG nCpsG j
dnulfr jvsY. wqkfb Wslv dbje Wslv jfpGfhtDsj ncswfHb jsvsY ˆhQ Wslvsj
n{iK rsk dhvk svsJsY, Ist Wvf n{iK ifq bf.' (bfmXt } 24)
mcndtmslv iaKm dbpGfdkk ltde rfhwfq druvk jvst k]fslv náfsb snJfbjfv
hflwfv jfsY …isTZjb-nr jcvfƒw zfmXv dhb zfn W …mfvfr dhb ztDlsj siavB
jvt. kfvf hflwfv jfsY dosq k]fsj dnulf jvt ˆhQ ˆjub Ffsb W zbAub hfsm
l]fdVsq dosq htsk tfot, `zfmfslv djYc dikxhA-icÛ zfibfv vfsuA ˆsn zfwaq
dbsqsY ˆhQ zfmfslv W zfmfslv äDb sKsj ³hmcJ rsqsY.'
hflwf htstb, `sjfKfq kfvf?'
k]fvf zfbDk rst uf'Iv k]fslv kvI sKsj iadkdbdL rsq hflwfv n©mcsJ ˆsn
nftfm jvstb, dnulf jvstb bf. stfsjvf htt, `jD hAfifv skfmfv? kcdm hflwfsj
dnulf jvst bf sjb?'
dkdb htstb, `zfmvf zfïfr YfVf zbA jf…sj dnulf jdv bf.'
hflwf htstb, `sn jD?'
dkdb htstb, zfïfr zfmfslv dbje ˆjub vnCt ifdEsqsYb. dkdb zfmfslvsj
dbslGw dlsqsYb sp, zfmvf spb zfïfr YfVf zbA djYcsj dnulf bf jdv, bfmfp idV,
pfjfk dlƒ----.' (n} nDvfr bhdhqAfr 165ix})
HdÙÁv jfvsBƒ sjfb sjfb nfrfhD mrfbhD -sj dnulf jvsk sysqdYstb. dj§Â
nfsK nfsK dkdb dbsNL jsv ufdbsq dlsqsYb, `zfïfr YfVf dnulf rfvfm.'
zfècïfr dhb zfhD zf…If hstb, ªmczfp pJb wfm (slw) sKsj dIsv ˆstb
kJb bhD -sj dnulf jvstb. zfïfrv vnCt htstb, ªˆdj mczfp?« mczfp
htstb, `zfdm wfm dosq slJtfm, sn slswv stfsjvf kfslv pfuj W iflaDoBsj
dnulf jvsY. kfƒ zfdm msb msb yfƒtfm sp, zfmvfW zfibfv ubA dnulf jvh.' kf
ðsb dkdb htstb ªJhvlfv! kf jsvf bf. jfvB, zfdm pdl zfïfr YfVf zbA jfsvf
ubA dnulf jvsk jf…sj zfslw jvkfm, kfrst mdrtfsj zfslw jvkfm, sn spb
kfv öfmDsj dnulf jsv. snƒ nÙfv wiK; p]fv rfsk mcrf©mfslv iafB zfsY! mdrtf
kfv iadkiftj (zfïfrv) rj kk[B zflfq jvsk ifsv bf; pk[B ipG§À bf sn kfv
öfmDv rj (zdLjfv) zflfq jsvsY. (öfmDv zdLjfv zflfq jvst kshƒ zfïfrv
zdLjfv zflfq rsh, bsy{ bf.) ˆmb dj sn pdl (nIsvv ubA) sjfb hfrsb zfsvfdrBD
 326
Kfsj, zfv snƒ zh²¿fq öfmD kfv slr-dmtb yfq kfrst ²ÃDv, `bf' htfv zdLjfv
sbƒ.« (ƒhsb mfufr 1853, zfrmfl 4/381, ƒhsb drêfb 4171, rfsjm 4/172, hfpXpfv 1461,
dntdntfr nrDrfr 1203bQ)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, jfƒn dhb nf'l hstb, zfdm rDvfr sotfm. snJfbjfv
stfsjslvsj slJtfm, kfvf kfslv nlGfvsj dnulf jvsY. kfƒ zfdm (msb msb)
httfm, `vfnCtïc fr dnulfv shdw rjlfv.' zk}iv bhD -ˆv jfsY ˆsn httfm,
`zfdm rDvfr sotfm. slJtfm, snJfbjfv stfsjvf kfslv nlGfvsj dnulf jvsY.
nckvfQ zfidb sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfslv dnulfv shdw rjlfv.' dkdb htstb,
(‫؟‬1*!5 1&~
1 4 I: :9S4PK 5 c@ 4 n5 /3 :U4 : 8: 4 !5 :9V4 5 : 5 )
ªjD vfq skfmfv, zfmfv jhsvv ifw dlsq sost kcdm dj kf dnulf jvsh?«
zfdm httfm, `bf.'
dkdb htstb,
1*> !‫ א‬: : L
: ': !3 B7X@ L
3 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5‚!3 :‫&ن‬4 ~
1 4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 : : SM!‫ א‬1U4 8: 5‚!5 N&O
: 5‚!3 :&~
1 4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 ‫א‬Q&O : 5 ‫א‬Q 83 - 19S4 PK 4 !5 ‫ א‬K : Yْ I: 5 5 )
.(MZ+
: !ْ ‫ א‬74 83 B7X@ 4 5 : H4 X1 !5
ªskfmvf kf jsvf bf. pdl zfdm jf…sj zivubsj dnulf jvfv zfslw dlkfm,
kfrst mdrtfslvsj zfslw jvkfm, kfvf spb kfslv öfmDsj dnulf jsv. spsrkc
zfïfr kfslv …iv (kfslv öfmDslv hù) zdLjfv svsJsYb.« (zfhC lf†l 2140bQ)
mrfbhD nfrfhD jfƒn dhb nf'lsj ˆƒ hst nkjG jsvsYb sp, pfv idvBfm rt
mxkAc ˆhQ dEjfbf rt jhv, sp mfvf pfsh W pfsj lfIb jvf rsh, sn dnulfv spfoA bq.
ˆjmfÛ dnulfv rjlfv rstb dkdb, dpdb dyvÓDh, dyv²¿fqD, p]fv sjfb mxkcA sbƒ.
(kfjdhqfkct „mfb zfvhD 151ix})
zfbfn dhb mfstj hstb, mlDbfv zfbnfvslv ˆj stfsjv hfdVsk ˆjde snyj
…e dYt. rEf{ jsv sn kfv disE jf…sj yVsk dld¤Yt bf. sn hfdVv stfsjvf vfnCtcïfr
-ˆv jfsY ˆsn htt, `zfmfslv ˆjde …e zfsY, kfv äfvf zfmvf ifdb kcst udm sny
jdv. ˆJb kfsj hAhrfv jvf jdEb rsq sosY. sn zfmfslvsj kfv disEW yVsk slq
bf. s[skv Int W sJucv ofsY sny slWqfv nmq rsqsY. (jD jvf pfq?)
bhD nfrfhfoBsj htstb, ªystf slsJ zfdn.« nckvfQ k]fvf dosq hfofsb iashw
jvstb. …ede kfv ˆj iafs§À dYt. bhD kfv dlsj zoanv rstb. stfsjvf htt,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! W ˆJb jcjcsvv mskf rsq zfsY. zfmfslv Hq rs¤Y, W zfibfsj
zfÛÁmB jvsh.' dkdb htstb, ªW zfmfv sjfb [dk jvsh bf.«
nckvfQ …ede pJb zfïfrv vnCt -ˆv dlsj kfdjsq slJt, kJb k]fv dlsj
zoanv rsq k]fv nfmsb dnulfq idkk rt! vfnCtcïfr kfv jifst Lvst sn
nhsysq wf§À rsq sot. zk}iv dkdb kfsj jfsu iashw jvfstb.
ˆ Oebf lwGb jsv nfrfhfoB k]fsj htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! ˆ ˆjde ið, pfv
Îfb-hcdÝ sbƒ, sn zfibfsj dnulf jvsY! zfv zfmvf skf Îfb-hcdÝ vfdJ. nckvfQ
zfmvf zfibfsj dnulf jvfv shdw rjlfv.'
327
dkdb htstb,
X: L
3 ‫و‬4 T: !3 :&~
1 4 I: ‫ن‬4 5 "5 5 4 5 ‫ א‬1U4 8: 5 ٍ f: :!3 < f: /: :&~
1 4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 :]5 ,
: 4 !5 ‫و‬: ، ٍ f: :!3 :&~
1 4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 ٍ f: :!3 1]K #
4 V: 5?)
@]4 n5 !ْ /3 :•~
3 :S4 I: ً O
: 4 6K 3*3 ْ : @‫ @ق‬Yْ 8: !5 @A 3*83 :&65 74 83 B‫ن‬5 4 !5 3•3&: /3 R3 Yْ : c3W!>‫א‬:‫ و‬، X: 4 5 : 3*nq O
: @Hƒْ 1 74 83
.(1*n> O
: U
4 B‫د‬5 8: 1*1 +
: ْ I: 9
4 5 :6ْ 5 BH‰1 3&V3&#
B !‫א‬:‫و‬
ªsjfb mfbcsNv ubA sjfb mfbcNsj dnulf jvf nÌk bq. sjfb mfbcsNv ubA sjfb
mfbcNsj dnulf jvf nÌk rst zfdm mdrtfsj zfslw jvkfm, sn spb kfv öfmDsj
dnulf jsv. spsrkc kfv …iv öfmDv dhwft zdLjfv vsqsY. snƒ nÙfv jnm! p]fv
rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY, öfmDv if sKsj mfKfv dn]dK ipG§À pdl ˆmb Of Kfsj, pfsk vÙÁ-
i]u
c Usv iVsY, zk}iv kf pdl ²ÃD y]fse, khcW kfv zdLjfv zflfq jvsk n[m rsh
bf. (zfrmfl 12614, bfnf„, hfpXpfv, n} kfvoDh 1936bQ)
htf hfùtA, mrfb zfïfrv isv mrfbhD -ˆv mpGflf. khcW dkdb naóf, ƒdb nxdó.
k]fsjƒ dnulf jvsk rsh ˆhQ k]fvƒ ubA pfhkDq ƒhflk dbshlb jvsk rsh. bhD
-ˆv ubA kfv djYc dbshlb jvst kf dwjG rsh.
zbcsmq sp, k]fv jhv dnulf jvf pdl dwjG rq, kfrst zbAfsbAv mfpfvsj dnulf
jvf jD rsk ifsv?

k]fsj dj znDtfr mfbf pfq?

mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٣٥) {:‫ ن‬+
1 3Yْ I1 H4 JK > : !5 3*3 3 : R3 ْ‫وא‬1&\3 L
: ‫و‬: 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬3* !5 @A ْ‫“ א‬1 b:/4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬:*’ !‫ אْ א‬nK IB‫ אْ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
zKGf{, sr dhÇhfdnoB! zfïfrsj Hq jv, kf]v ³bjeA tfsHv …ifq zsìNB jv W
kf]v isK nQoafm jv, pfsk skfmvf nItjfm rsk ifv. (mfdqlfr } 35)
sp znDtfq dkdb vfuD rb; nm²À mcIfnXdnvosBv msk snƒ znDtfv zKG zfïfr W
klDq vnCstv zfbcokA, sbj zfmt W mrêk. (kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv 2/52, pflct mfnDv
2/348, kInDv nf'lD 2/285, zfÜcv¢G t mfbNCv 3/71, n} kf} 1/340, kfInDv¢t mfbfv 6/369)
jf…sjW ufâfk tfsHv znDtf hf ufrfâfm sKsj mcdÙÁ tfsHv znDtf mfbf ˆhQ kfv
jfsY iafKGbf jvf hf kfv …iv Hvnf vfJf dwjG. nhGswaô bhD -sjW snƒ znDtf mfbf
pfsh bf.
lczfv s[sÛW nvfndv zfïfrv jfsY lczf jvsk rsh. jfsvf znDtfq lczf jvf ³hL
bq. ksh ltDstv dHdÙsk 3 iajfv znDtfq lczf jvf ³hL }-
1. mrfb zfïfrv bfm W ÈBfhtDv znDtf.
2. dbsuv sbj zfmstv znDtf.
3. sjfb uDdhk sbj hAdÙÁv dbje lczfv zfshlb ufdbsq lczfv znDtf.
mrfbhD -ˆv jfsY lczfv zfshlb ufdbsq k]fv lczfv znDtfq zsbj nfrfhD
iafKGbf jsv …ijxk rsqsYb. ksh k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv isv k]fv jhsvv jfsY dosq sj…
k]fsj znDtf mfsbbdb. …mfv k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv isv k]fv uDdhk yfyf zfêfn -ˆv
 328
lczfv znDtfq hxdó-iafKGbf jsvsYb.
i[f§Àsv bhD mcrf©mfl -ˆv znDtfq zflm bhD -ˆv [mf-iafKGbfv rflDn,
pfsk htf rsqsY, zflm pJb ifi jsvb, kJb dkdb htstb, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj!
mcrf©mfslv znDtfq zfdm skfmfv dbje iafKGbf jvdY, kcdm zfmfsj [mf j'sv lfW.'
zfïfr htstb, `sr zflm! kcdm mcrf©mflsj dybst jDHfsh, zKy zfdm ˆJsbf kfsj
nxdóƒ jdvdb? zflm htstb, `sr zfmfv iadkiftj! kcdm pJb zfmfsj skfmfv rfk
dlsq nxdó jv ˆhQ zfmfv mfsU skfmfv v™r Ics] jf, kJb zfdm mfKf kcst sldJ, zfvswv
ifqfq stJf zfsY, ªtf ƒtfrf ƒïfïfù mcrf©mflcv vfnCtïc fr«. kJb zfdm ufdb sp,
kcdm skfmfv bfsmv ifsw snƒ hAdÙÁv bfmƒ spfo jsvY, sp skfmfv nhsysq diaqkm
nxdó.' zfïfr htstb, `zfdm skfmfsj [mf j'sv dltfm. zfv mcrf©mfl bf rst zfdm
skfmfsj nxdóƒ jvkfm bf.' (rfsjm iamcJ, dn} pqDIfr 25bQ)
…ÙÁ rflDnde uft W oVf rflDn. i[f§Àsv zflm-rfWqfv ifi sKsj [mf iafKGbfv
lczf zfmvf jcvzfb sKsj ufbsk ifdv, k]fvf hstdYstb,
‫( א א‬٢٣) {:7V@ 3 ž
: !ْ ‫ א‬:783 B7: JK S:!5 S:'4 O
: 4 I:‫و‬: S:!5 4 Y3 “4 I: H4 !> ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: S:: YK 5 S:'4 5 l5 S:/B: }
zKGf{, kfvf htt, `sr zfmfslv iadkiftj! zfmvf dbsuslv iadk zbAfq jsvdY.
pdl kcdm zfmfslvsj [mf bf jv, kfrst zhwAƒ zfmvf [dkoa²sÀ lv z§ÀHÙ cG Á rh.'
(zf'vfI } 23)
znDtfr mfsb mfLAm. zfmvf mrfbhD -sj znDtfrv™si ifWqfv ubA zfïfrv
jfsY lczf jdv bf. zfmvf lczfsk sp `znDtfr' yfƒ kfv zKG ufâfskv nshGf¤y mpGflf.
zfv kf mrfbhD -ˆv ubA iafKGbf jvfv Ist tfH rsh k]fv wfIfzfk hf ncifdvw.
zfècïfr ƒhsb zfmXv ƒhsb zf'n jkGj x hdBGk, dkdb bhD -sj ˆ jKf htsk
ðsbsYb sp,
3*4 5 : 1*> !‫ > א‬,
: "ً 5 ,
: B 5: >,
: 74 8: 1*B@‘5 B 5 : ‫ א‬r,
: BH‰1 1‫ ل‬nK V: 8: : „4 83 ‫! א‬K nK 5 :‫ن‬M‫—ذ‬: '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1Hb14 '3 : ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A »
‫ن‬4 5 L
1 4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ א‬3‫ د‬:3 74 83 N&4 : !3 >?@A “3 :S4 I: 5? 3 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬3 › !5 T@ S4 8: X: B@‘5 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 :*> !‫ א א‬K : BH‰1 ‫א‬Q f4 : X: /3
.« K : Y5 fB !‫ א‬1*!5 9
4 >O
: 5 5 3 : !ْ ‫ א‬: !3 :‫ل‬5‚: 74 ': 5 : \1 :5 :‫ ن‬PK 5
ªskfmvf pJb zfpfb ðbsh, kJb (zfpfsbv …Ùsv) mczfpXdpb pf djYc htsh,
skfmvfW dEj kfƒ htsh. kfviv zfpfb swsN zfmfv …iv lv™l ifE jvsh. sjbbf,
sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv …iv ˆjhfv lv™l ifE jvsh, kfv dhdbmsq kfv iadk zfïfr lwde
vrmk bfspt jvshb. zk}iv skfmvf zfïfrv dbje zfmfv ubA `znDtf' iafKGbf
jvsh. jfvB, `znDtf' rs¤Y ufâfskv ˆmb ˆjde ²¿fb, pf nm²À hf¦lfv msLA sjht
zfïfrv ˆjde hf¦lf (kfv …ipcÙÁ) rsh. zfv zfwf jdv, zfdmƒ snƒ hf¦lf rh.
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv ubA znDtf iafKGbfgjvsh, kfv ubA (zfmfv) ncifdvw zdbhfpG
rsq pfsh.« (mcndtm 875bQ)
zfpfb swfbfv iv k]fv ubA `znDtf' iafKGbf jvfv lczf dwdJsq dlsqsYb mrfbhD .
dkdb hstsYb,
329
5 5 3 : !ْ ‫א א‬Q&'B +
: 81 3U- 3 ': s3 n5 !ْ ‫" א‬3 5 #
B !‫א‬:‫ و‬3 8B bB!‫" א‬3 : 4 B&!‫ א‬3•3W\: B$: BHX1 > !‫ א‬:: ‫א‬:&SM!‫ א‬1Š': 4 V: : O
3 :‫ ل‬65 74 8: )
.(3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: R3b: Y5 : 1*!5 9
4 >O
: ،1*I:&4 : ‫و‬: c3W!> ‫א א‬Q‫' د‬1 +
4 8: 8Q n5 8: 1*„4 : /4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬5 5 3 Y5 !ْ ‫א‬:‫و‬
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfpfb ðsb (zfpfsbv swsN) ˆƒ lczf htsh, zKGf{, sr zfïfr ˆƒ iCBfG Ì
zfrhfb W iadkôf tfHjfvD bfmfspv iaHc! mcrf©mfl -sj kcdm znDtf (ufâfskv ˆj
…¤y ²¿fb) W mpGflf lfb jv ˆhQ k]fsj snƒ iawQdnk ²¿fsb si]ZYfW, pfv iadkwa¢dk kcdm
k]fsj dlsqY.
sn hAdÙÁv ubA djqfmskv dlb zfmfv ncifdvw zdbhfpG rsq pfsh.« (hcJfvD 614bQ)
nckvfQ htfƒ hfùtA sp, mrfbhD zfmfslv idvÛfsBv znDtf hf mfLAm bb, dkdb
zfmfslv idvÛfsBv ubA ncifdvwjfvD.

k]fv dbje nfrfpA iafKGbf jvf

zfmvf bfmfspv iaskAj vfjzfsk hdt,
{1 3 b:4 : 5g VB @A‫ و‬1&14 : 5g VB @A}
zKGf{, zfmvf sjht skfmfvƒ ƒhflk jdv ˆhQ skfmfvƒ jfsY nfrfpA yfƒ. (nCvf Ifdkrf)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.((3% / 74 3 b:4 5 :9S4 : b:4 ‫א א‬:‫@ذ‬A‫ و‬، %‫ل@ א‬5‚ 5 9 : !ْ ‚: ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A))
zKGf{, pJb kcdm yfƒsh, kJb zfïfrv jfsYƒ yfW. zfv pJb kcdm iafKGbf jvsh,
kJb ˆjmfÛ zfïfrv jfsYƒ nfrfpA iafKGbf jv. (zfrmfl 2669, dkvdmpD 2516, k¶fhfvfbD,
rfsjm 6303, hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 195bQ)
k]fv ƒd§Àjfstv iv k]fv znDtf Lsv zfïfrv jfsY iafKGbf jvfW ³hL bq. ˆ jKf
pKf²¿fsb …dïdJk rsqsY. htf hfùtA, pfv jfsY nfrfpA yfWqf pfsh, kfv msLA 3de wkG
dhlAmfb Kfjsk rsh. zbAKf ˆjde wkG zdhlAmfb Kfjst kfv jfsY sn nfrfpA yfWqf
dwjG rsh.
1. pfv jfsY nfrfpA yfWqf rsh, kfsj ˆ uosk uDdhk Kfjsk rsh.
nckvfQ p]fvf mLA uosk hf zfïfrv jfsY uDdhk zfsYb zKhf ˆ uoskv slrkAfo
jsvsYb hf mfvf sosYb, k]fslv jfsY yfWqf ³hL bq. hfvpfJD hf jhv-uo{ sKsj sj…
ˆ uoskv Idvqfl hf Ffj ðbsk ifq bf, sn jKfW pKf²¿fsb zfstfdyk rsqsY.
2. pfv jfsY nfrfpA yfWqf rsh, kfsj …id²¿k Kfjsk rsh.
nckvfQ ˆ uosk uDdhk KfjstW pdl sj… nfmsb …id²¿k bf Kfsj, kfrst kfv
jfsYW nfrfpA-iafKGbf jvf ³hL bq.
3. sp nfrfpA yfWqf rsh, kfv kf slWqfv [mkf Kfjsk rsh.
sp dudbn sjht zfïfrƒ dlsk ifsvb, sn dudbn zsbAv jfsY yfWqf dwjG rsh.
nckvfQ mrfbhD -ˆ jfsY jdhv mskf ˆmb yfWqf ³hL bq.
`ƒqf mcrf©mfl, shsrwXk rsk
sJflfq ifWqfv iK slJfW.
 330
ˆƒ lcdbqfv lc}J sKsj
ˆhfv zfmfq bfufk lfW.' -buv¢t ƒntfmD nÌDk 41 bQ
ˆ YsÛ nvfndv bhD mcrf©mfl -sj nsìfLb W zfrhfb jvf rsqsY ˆhQ sp lcde
dudbn iafKGbf jvf rsqsY, sn lcde dudbnƒ lfb jvf k]fv is[ nýh bq. iK slJfsbf
k]fv uDhÜwfv nfsK n©ixÙÁ dYt. k]fv uDhbfhnfsbv iv shsrwXk rsk mfbcNsj iK
slJfsbf zfv nýh bq. dkdb hst sosYb, ªmfbcN mfvf sost kfv zfmt há rsq pfq.«
(mcndtm) nckvfQ dkdb mLA uo{ sKsj khtDsov jfu ufvD vfJshb jDHfsh?
zfv lc}J sKsj bfufk slWqf k]fv jfu bq. ˆ jfu ˆjmfÛ mrfb zfïfrv. nckvfQ
ˆ yfWqf k]fv bhDv jfsY yfWqf dwjG.
³hL bq k]fv jhsvv jfsY …id²¿k rsq sjfb iajfv zfvdu siw jvf. jfvB ncJ-
lc}sJv pfhkDq zfvdu ðsbb dyvÓDh mrfb zfïfr. dkdbƒ kf mÓcv jsv Kfsjb. k]fv
bhD bf zfvdu ðsbb, zfv bf-ƒ kf mÓcv hf jhct jsv Kfsjb. ˆ uo{ sKsj k]fv
n©ijG dYâ rsq sosY. dkdb ˆ uoskv sjfb djYc ufbsk-ðbsk ifsvb bf. dkdb mLA
uosk dhswN uDhsb uDdhk zfsYb ˆhQ snJfsb mrfb zfïfrv dbjse v¢pDiafå rs¤Yb.
snƒ uDhb zfmfslv dbje zbcHCk bq.
zfv mrfb zfïfr hstb,
(١٧) {< V1&65 N R4 : M PK 5 : : X1 5 ٍ 4 ž
: /3 5h4 : '4 V: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: : \1 >?@A 1*!5 :}3 P5 5 5 ¤ 1 /3 1*’ !‫ א‬h5 4 : '4 V: ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: }
zKGf{, zfv pdl zfïfr skfmfsj sj½wlfb jsvb, kfrst dkdb hAkDk zfv sj… kfv
smfybjfvD sbƒ. zfv pdl dkdb skfmfv jtAfB jsvb, kfrst dkdbƒ skf nhG dhNsq
wdÙÁmfb. (‚bX‚m } 17)
mrfb zfïfrv dbslGw,
7±‫( " א‬٢١) {‫א‬Q&: : !5 ‫و‬: ‫ ¨א‬k : H4 JK !5 Kh384 5 !5 RM@A 4 6K }
ª(sr bhD!) ht, `zfdm skfmfslv zijfv zKhf …ijfv djYcvƒ mfdtj bƒ.' (du¶b } 21)
nfrfhfoB ˆ jKf ufbskb. kfƒ k]fvf ƒófdbsóv mfdtj sjht zfïfrsjƒ mfbskb.
kfƒ ƒd§Àjfstv iv k]fvf nvfndv k]fv jfsY skf yfb-ƒ db. iv§Â k]fv znDtfqW lczf
jsvbdb. spmb ˆ jKf pKf²¿fsb …dïdJk rsqsY.

k]fv n©mfbfsKG …sE l]fVfsbf

k]fv n©mfbfsKG l]fVfsbfsj dkdb dbu uDhÜwfq nfrfhfslv làfqmfb rWqfsj iY¦l
jvskb bf. dkdb ˆefW iY¦l jvskb bf sp, dkdb hsn Kfjcb, zfv stfsjvf k]fv
kf'pDsm làfqmfb Kfjcj.
zfhC …mfmfr hstb, ˆjlf zfïfrv vnCt ˆjde tfdEv …iv Hv dlsq
zfmfslv jfsY ˆsn …id²¿k rstb. k]fsj slsJ zfmvf …sE l]fdVsq sotfm. dkdb
zfmfslvsj htstb, ªskfmvf l]fVfsqf bf; spmb zbfvh (ifvsnAv) stfj kfslv
hVslv kf'pDsm …sE l]fVfq.« (zfhC lf†l 5230, ƒhsb mfufr 3836bQ, rflDndev nbl pqDI;
dj§Â zKG nrDr, slJcb } dntdntfr pqDIfr 346bQ, zhwA nrDr rflDsn bfmfspv dHksvv Oebf hdBGk rsqsY.)
331
zfbfn dhb mfstj hstb, ªW]slv (nfrfhfslv) dbje vnCt zsi[f zbA sj…
zdLj diaq (W wasÝq) dYt bf. dj§Â W]vf pJb k]fsj slJskb, kJb k]fv ubA …sE
l]fVfskb bf. jfvB ˆsk kf]v ziY¦lbDqkfv jKf k]fvf ufbskb.« (zfrXmfl 12345,
dkvdmpD 2754bQ)
diaq vnCt hstsYb,
.(@ SB!‫ א‬74 83 1•:&: nْ 8: ْ B :b:: ْ 5 8Q :63 1‫ ل‬L : M !‫ א‬1*!5 : „1'4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 1•B : 74 8: )
ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp, stfj kfv ubA làfqmfb srfj, sn spb kfv hfn²¿fb
ufrfâfsm jsv sbq.« (mcnbfsl zfrmfl 16918, zfhC lf†l 5229, dkvdmpD 2755bQ)
zfhC dmutfp hstb, ˆjlf mczfdhqf shv rstb. snJfsb zfècïfr dhb zfsmv W zfècïfr
dhb pchfƒv hsn dYstb. k]fsj slsJ ƒhsb zfsmv JfVf rsq sostb ˆhQ ƒhsb pchfƒv hsn
Kfjstb. dkdb …Hsqv msLA shdw smfe dYstb. mczfdhqf htstb, bhD hstsYb,
.(@ SB!‫ א‬74 83 1•:&: nْ 8: ْ B :b:: ْ 5 8Q : 63 3*>!‫ א‬1‫ د‬:3 1*!5 : „1'4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 BdO : 5 74 8: )
zKGf{, sp ˆ jKfq JcwD rq sp, zfïfrv hf¦lfvf kfv ubA làfqmfb srfj, sn spb
dbsuv dEjfbf ufrfâfsmv Ov hfdbsq sbq. (hcJfvDv zft-zflfhct mcIvfl 977bQ)
JtDIf mckfzdÄt zfrmfl dhb zflXt iamcJ …tfmfoBsj sFsj k]fv hfnf-hfdVsk
nmshk jvstb. zk}iv dkdb k]fslv jfsY ˆst zfrmfl dhb zflXt YfVf njst k]fv
ubA …sE l]fdVsq sostb. mckfzdÄt …hfƒlcïfrsj htstb, `ˆ stfj zfmfslv
hfqzfk ndEj msb jsv bf.'
…hfƒlcïfr (Wpv siw jsv) htstb, `zhwAƒ sr zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb! zfnst …bfv
syfsJ nmnAf zfsY.'
zfrmfl ðsb htstb, `sr zfmDv¢t mc'dmbDb! zfmfv syfsJ sjfb nmnAf sbƒ. (zfdm
zfibfsj slsJdY.) dj§Â zfdm zfibfsj zfïfrv zfpfh sKsj mcÙÁ jsvdY. (kfƒ …sE
l]fVfƒdb.) bhD hstsYb,
(.@ SB!‫ א‬74 83 1•:&: nْ 8: ْ B :b:: ْ 5 8Q : 63 1‫ ل‬L: M !‫ א‬1*!5 : „1'4 V: ‫ن‬4 5 BdO : 5 74 8: )
zKGf{, ªsp hAdÙÁ iY¦l jsv sp, stfj kfv ubA làfqmfb srfj, sn spb kfv
hfn²¿fb ufrfâfsm hfdbsq sbq.«
ˆ rflDn swfbfv iv mckfzdÄt zfrmfslv ifsw ˆsn hsn sostb. (dn} nrDrfr 1/356)
…ÙÁ rflDnnmCr rsk hcUf pfq sp, sp hAdÙÁ sjfb mudtsn iashswv nmq kfv ubA
stfsjvf iakAc Úfb jv¢j ˆ jKf iY¦l W jfmbf jsv, sn ufrfâfm iashswv n©mcJDb rq.
nfrfhfsq djvfm vnCt -sj zdkwq waÝf jvskb W Hfstfhfnskb. dj§Â kf
nsÙ¶W k]fvf k]fsj slJst …sE làfqmfb rskb bf. jfvB k]fv ubA …sE làfqmfb
rWqf k]fv dbje sp ziY¦lbDq---kf k]fvf ufbskb.
htf hfùtA, Hfstfhfnf, waÝf, HdÙÁ hf kf'pDm iajfswv ubA ˆmb djYc jvf ³hL bq,
pf wvDqsk dbdNÝ zKhf pfsk dwsjGv zfdhtkf zfsY.
mrfbhD -ˆv jhsvv ifsw l]fVfsbf ˆhQ l]fdVsq dpqfvk jvf W nftfm-lv™l iVf
dbdNÝ bq. spsrkc jhv dpqfvk ˆƒHfshƒ dhsLq. ksh lczfv nmq djhtfmcJD rWqf
 332
dhsLq.
zbAfbA ²¿fsb k]fsj nfmsb …id²¿k sHsh l]fVfsbf ³hL bq. ³hL bq lv™l ifsEv ubA
`djqfm' jvf.
zfmvf zfmfslv diaq bhD -ˆv …iv lv™l ifE jdv. snƒ lv™l, pf dkdb nfrfhfsq
sjvfmoBsj dwdJsq sosYb ˆhQ ivhkGD zbcofmDoB sp lv™l k]fv …iv ifE jsvsYb.
dj§Â k]fv iadk lv™l ifE jvfv nmq `djqfm' jvf (làfqmfb rWqf) nfrfhf W
kfsh„bslv zfmt bq.
mDtflDvf msb jsv sp, mrfbhD kfslv mDtfsl …id²¿k rb. zfv kfv mfsbƒ rt,
lcdbqfv sjfbX slsw sjfb nmsq mDtfl rs¤Y, kf dkdb ufbsk ifsvb ˆhQ ˆjƒ nmsq
dhdHâ ufqofq mDtfl rstW dkdb ˆjƒ nmsq njt ufqofskƒ …id²¿k rsk ifsvb.
zKGf{ dkdb ofsqh ufsbb ˆhQ ˆjƒ nmsq ˆjfdLj ufqofq dhvfumfb rsk ifsvb.
kfslv pcdÙÁsj 10 ufqofq 10de hf kfvW shwD zfqbf svsJ iaskAj zfqbfq spmb
zfjfswv nCpG hf y]flsj slJf pfq, skmdb k]fv …lfrvB.
dj§Â zfmvf ufdb sp, dkdb rfdpv-bfdpv bb. (ƒtXm nr) rfdpv W bfdpv skf mrfb
zfïfr. dkdb sjfb mrdIst (ƒd§Àjfstv iv) …id²¿k rb bf. …©mdk sp spJfb sKsjƒ
lv™l W nftfm ifE W siw jsv, dbdlGó dIdvñf snƒ lv™l zfïfrv bhDv jfsY si]ZdYsq
Kfsjb.
zHAfnokHfsh mDtfslv swsN stfsjvf …sE l]fdVsq pfq (djqfm jsv). sjbbf,
kfslv zsbsjv dhw¶fn sp, vnCt mDtfl zbcôfsb (ˆv swsN?) …id²¿k rb. zKy
ˆmb dhw¶fn ±ió ztDj. jfvB zfïfr kfzftf hstb,
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zKGf{, Wslv (ivstfjok hAdÙÁslv) n©mcsJ icbv¢Úfb dlhn ipG§À hfvpfJ (ƒrjft
W ivjfstv mfsU ˆj phdbjf) Kfjsh. (nCvf mc'dmb 100 zfqfk)
zKGf{, k]fvf nfvf dhsw¶ dhvfumfb rsk ifsvb bf.
kfYfVf ˆ jKf sKsj hcUf pfq, mDtflDvfW ofsqh ufsb. kf bf rst zfïfrv vnCt
jJb rfdpv rs¤Yb---kf ufbsh jD jsv? zfv mDtfslv swsN …id²¿k rWqfv iÇyfsk
dj sjfb pcdÙÁ Kfjsk ifsv? zfv vnCt -ƒ hf ufbshb jD jsv sp, zmcj ufqofq
mDtfl zbcdôk rs¤Y ˆhQ zmcj nmsq kf swN rs¤Y? zfïfrv bhD skf ofsqh
ufbskb bf. dkdb ƒd§Àjfstv iv dkdb hf k]fv v™r skf sjfb ²¿fsb rfdpv rsk ifsv bf.
zfv dkdb mDtfslv swsNƒ hf …id²¿k rshb sjb? i[f§Àsv k]fv ofsqh ufbf zKhf
rfdpv-bfdpv ufbf zKhf ƒd§Àjfstv isv hfvpfJ YfVf ƒruoskv zbA sjfKfW rfdpv
rWqfsk dhw¶fn vfJf skf dwjG W jcIXvD. sn jKf pKf²¿fsb zfstfdyk rsqsY.
djqfsm lv™slv sp wèY¦l kf ðsb msb rq sp, kf `smF ƒbX ƒdàqf.' bhDv wfsb
nftfm ifEfsk zfvhDsk `ƒqf bhD nftfm zftfƒjf' htf rq bf. htf rq, `zfnnftfmc
zftfƒjf zfƒqcArfb bfdhqcA' spmb zfmvf bfmfspv `zfkX-kfdrqAfk'-ˆ ifE jsv
Kfdj. zsbsj hst Kfsjb sp, zfnst …imrfslswv ˆjub zdkdvÙÁ bhDHÙÁ zfstm
dYstb. dpdb bfdj bhDv LAfsb jJsbf jJsbf j¬ibfq k]fsj spb nfmsbƒ zfnsk
333
slJskb. zfv kfƒ dkdb l]fdVsq dosq ‰ nftfm siw jvskb. zk}iv kfƒ ivhkGDsk
k]fv YfÛvf W²Àfslv slJfsldJ `djqfm'v™i dhlzfk iaydtk jsvb.
nckvfQ kf pdl nkA rq, kfrst kf njstv ubA iftbDq dhsLq hf Hfstf zfmt jD
jsv rsk ifsv? spef …imrfslsw ³kvD, snef dj wvDqskv iftbDq djYc rsk ifsv?
zbA ˆj msk kfj¶D…ÜDb nchjD wfsIqDv ˆj YfÛ mrfbhD -ˆv wfsb dtJf ˆjde
bf'k (iawQnfmCtj jdhkf) ifE jvst zfshso …sE l]fdVsq pfb. zfv k]fv l]fVfsbf
slsJ k]fv YfÛvf njst l]fdVsq pfb. zfv kfviv ðv¢ rq djqfsmv ˆƒ vDdk.
pdl kfƒ rq, kfrst ˆjusbv zdkHdÙÁ W zfshso jxk zfmt skf zfv dbqdmk
iftbDq wvDqk rsk ifsv bf.
iajfw Kfsj sp, jfsvf nrspfdokfv ubA zKhf hnfhfv ubA …sE l]fVfsbf dbdNÝ
djqfsmv z§ÀHGÙc Á bq.

ƒd§Àjfstv iv k]fv ƒd²ÀoIfv

sjfb ifi jvfv iv k]fv jhsvv ifsw ˆsn k]fsj zfïfrv jfsY [mf yfƒsk zbcsvfL
jvst kf dj dkdb jsvb? dkdb dj jhv sKsj ˆ uoskv jKf ðbsk ifb?
sp mfvf pfq, sn ˆ uo{ sYsV zfv ˆj uosk yst pfq. zfv sn uoskv nfsK ˆ
uoskv sjfb spfofspfo Kfsj bf. sn mLAuo{ sKsj ƒruoskv sjfb djYc ðbsk ifq bf.
sn uo{ W ˆ uoskv mfsU zfsY phdbjf.
dhLfq mrfbhD jfsvfv zfshlsb kfv ubA ƒd²ÀoIfv jvsk ifsvb bf. mrfb
zfïfr hstsYb,
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zKGf{, pJb kfvf dbsuslv iadk pctcm j'sv (ifi jsv) dYt, kJb pdl kfvf skfmfv
dbje zfnk W zfïfrv dbje [mfiafKGbf jvk ˆhQ vnCtW kfslv ubA [mf yfƒk,
kfrst dbÇyqƒ kfvf zfïfrsj kWhf jhctjfvD W ivm lqftcv™si sik. (dbnf } 64)
kfWhf W [mf iafKGbf skf zfïfrv jfsYƒ jvsk rq ˆhQ sjht kf]v jfsY jvfƒ
uv¢vD W psKó. dj§Â ˆJfsb htf rt sp, sr bhD! kfvf skfmfv jfsY ˆsn zfïfrv jfsY
[mf iafKGbf jsv ˆhQ kcdmW kfslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jv. ˆef ˆƒ ubA sp, kfvf
dhhfslv Ifqnftf oarsBv ubA zsbAv wvBfiâ rsq vnCt -ˆv zn©mfb jsvdYt.
ˆef lCv jvfv ubA kf]v jfsY zfnfv kfjDl jvf rq.
[mfiafKGbfv ubA jfsvf vnCt -ˆv dbje zfnf ˆhQ kfv ubA k]fv [mfiafKGbf
jvfv jKf k]fv ifdKGh uDhsbv nfsK n©ixÙÁ. k]fv dksvfLfsbv iv ˆƒ swaBDv
[mfiafKGbf hf k]fv znDtfq lczf jvf zfv n©Hh bq.
ˆ msmG kInDv ƒhsb jfNDsv hdBGk …khDv o¬ide dHdÙrDb zfuÈdh o¬imfÛ. dkdb
dtsJsYb,
ˆjlt stJj, k]fslv msLA zfhC bfnXv dhb zfnX-nfêfo öDq `zfwX-wfsmt' ic²sÀ j
 334
…{hDv iadnÝ o¬ide bjt jsvsYb. …{hD hstb, `zfdm vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nmfdLv
ifsw¶G hsndYtfm. ˆmb nmq snJfsb ˆj shlc„sbv zfomb Ose. sn hst, zfnX-nftfmc
zftfƒjf ƒqf vfnCtfïfr! zfdm zfïfrv ˆ …dÙÁ ðsbdY,
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zKGf{, pJb kfvf dbsuslv iadk pctcm j'sv (ifi jsv) dYt, kJb pdl kfvf skfmfv
dbje zfnk W zfïfrv dbje [mfiafKGbf jvk ˆhQ vnCtW kfslv ubA [mf yfƒk,
kfrst dbÇyqƒ kfvf zfïfrsj kWhf jhctjfvD W ivm lqftcv™si sik. (dbnf } 64)
kfƒ zfdm zfibfv nfmsb öDq ifsiv ubA zfïfrv dbje [mf iafKGbf jvdY W
iadkiftsjv jfsY zfibfv ncifdvw jfmbf jvdY. zk}iv sn dbsm´v jdhkfde ifE jsv,
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zKGf{, sr ‰ nshv msLA …Ùm hAdÙÁ, pfslv zd²¿nmCr iaf§Àsv siafdKk rsqsY ˆhQ
snÈdtv nchfsn iaf§Àv W ihGk ncvdHk rsqsY.
sn jhsvv ubA zfmfv iafB jcvhfb srfj, sp jhsv zfidb zh²¿fbvk. Wsk vsqsY
idhÛkf, lfbwDtkf W mpGflf.
zk}iv shlc„b yst pfq ˆhQ zfmfv syfsJ dbûf sysi hsn. zfdm ösi´ sldJ sp,
vfnCtïc fr zfmfsj htsYb, ªsr …khD! ‰ shlc„sbv jfsY pfW ˆhQ ncnQhfl ufdbsq
lfW sp, zfïfr kfsj [mf jsv dlsqsYb.« (hfQtf ƒhsb jfNDv 5 ifvf 465-466ix})
ˆ o¬ide ƒmfm bfWqfhD k]fv `mfumC' djkfsh (8/217)sk ˆhQ `„pfr' djkfshv
498 ixôfq …sïJ jsvsYb. snJfsb jdhkfv zfsvf lcde YÛ shdw vsqsY,
‫&م‬n!‫ א‬9!‫ ز‬8 ‫ذא‬A ‫ אط‬#!‫א‬ ... *b Y L I cW!‫ א‬Š Yf!‫ א‬9
H n!‫ א‬x L 8 HJ ‫ א! م‬¥8 ... ‫&ًא‬/ '\ g O ,‫و‬
zKGf{, zfidb snƒ ncifdvwjfvD, p]fv ncifdvw zfwf jvf pfq ictdnvfsk pJb if
diYst pfsh.
zfv zfibfv lcƒ nÌD, p]fslvsj zfdm jJbƒ Hcth bf. zfmfv kvI sKsj
zfibfslvsj nftfm pfh{ jtm ufdv Kfsj.
dj§Â ƒhsb jfNDv ˆ os¬iv iawQnf jsvbdb. hvQ sjht bjt jsvsYb, spmb k]fv
kInDsv hù zðÝ ƒnvf„tD hBGbf bjt jsvsYb. zfIsnfn! kf pdl dkdb bf jvskb.
htf hfùtA, sn o¬i ˆjde dHdÙrDb öi´dHdÙj hBGbf. kf ltDt hfdbsq vfnCtcïfr
-ˆv ƒd§Àjfstv iv k]fv ncifdvw jfmbf hf k]fsj znDtf hfbfsbfv ³hLkf iamfB jvf
zfslZ dEj bq.
spsrkc kf sjfb rflDn bq, sjfb nfrfhDv `zfNfv' bq, sjfb kfsh„v jfdrbD bq.
lchtG nbsl hdBGk ˆjde sj¤YfmfÛ. kf kWrDl W zfjDlfv ˆjde Èv¢k¶iCBG dhNsq
ltDt msb jvf smfseƒ ³hL bq. iv§Â kf nrDr rflDsnv zfjDlf W nfrhfsq djvfm -
335
ˆv zfmstv idvi§¿D.
äDb W zfjDlfv dhNsq ifÄf ltDt YfVf ˆ]v-W]v o¬i, jfwXI W ösi´v …iv dbHGv
jvf ÎfbD mcndtsmv jfu bq.

mDtflcâfhD
mrfbhD -sj dbsq hfVfhfdV jvsk dosq mDtflDvf k]fv u¦mdlb iftb jsv. zKy
iaydtk iftb jvfv vDdk ƒntfsm sbƒ.
mrfb zfïfr zfmfslv äDb ƒntfmsj iCBfG Ì jsv dlsqsYb k]fv bhDv uDhÜwfskƒ.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
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zKGf{, zfu skfmfslv ubA skfmfslv äDb iCBfG Ì jvtfm W skfmfslv iadk zfmfv
zbcora (sbqfmk) n©iCBG jvtfm ˆhQ ƒntfmsj skfmfslv LmGv™si msbfbDk jvtfm.
(nCvf mfsqlfr 3 zfqfk)
zfv mrfbhD hstb,
.« À‫د‬: : X1 5 1*S4 83 :•4 !5 8: ‫א‬:W\: :@ 84 5 3 : :&O 4 5 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ (äDb) hAfifsv bkcb djYc zfdh°jfv jsv, sn hAdÙÁv sn jfu
iakAfJAfk.« (hcJfvD 2697, mcndtm 4589)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY,
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ªsp hAdÙÁ ˆmb sjfb jfu jsv, pfv …iv zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sbƒ sn hAdÙÁv sn
jfu iakAfJAfk.« (mcndtm 4590bQ)
ƒntfsm iftbDq „l rt mfÛ lcde; „lct dIkXv W „lct zfprf. kxkDq sjfb „l
ƒntfsm sbƒ. mrfbhD bhcqskv 23 hYv jft dbsuv uDhsb sjfb hYv dbsuv
u¦mdlb iftb jsv pfbdb. sjfb nfrfhDsj kf iftb jvfv dbslGwW slbdb. k]fv
iChhG kGD bhDslv u¦m-mxkAc …its[A sjfb zfb¦l zKhf swfjiftb jsv pfbdb.
k]fv ivhkGDjfst k]fv yfvub JtDIf k]fslv sJtfIkjfst vfóºDqHfsh zKhf
ˆjfjD bhDdlhn iftb jsv pfbdb. zbA sjfb nfrfhD hf zfk¹DqW k]fv iadk ˆk
Hfstfhfnf W waÝf Kfjf nsÙ¶W k]fv u¦mdlb …its[A zfb¦l iajfw zKhf mxkcAdlb
…its[A swfj iftb jsvbdb. k]fslv isvW sjfb kfsh„ zKhf k]fslv sjfb ˆjdbô
zbcnfvD zKhf sjfb ƒmfm k]fv u¦m djQhf mxkcAdlb iftb jvfv ƒdÌk dlsq pfbdb.
nckvfQ kf sp bh zfdh°jk x dhlzfk, kf htfƒ hfùtA.
nhGiaKm „sl mDtfl (bhDdlhn) zfdh°jfv jsvb ƒvfsjv ƒvdht wrsvv zfmDv
(oHbGv) mcpfIXIfv¢ÜDb jCjchcvD dEj druvD nåm wkfèDv sofVfv dlsj 604
(mkf§Àsv 625) druvDsk. dmnsv nhGiaKm yftc jsv IfskmDvf; pfslv iansÌ ƒhsb
jfnDv hstb, ª(IfskmD wfnjsofôD) jfsIv, Ifsnj, ififyfv, LmGLu ¶ D, LmGslafrD,
 336
zfïfrv dnIfk (ÈBfhtD) zn¶DjfvjfvD W ƒntfm zn¶DjfvjfvD mfuCnD LmG-dhw¶fnD
dYt.« (zft-dhlfqfr zb-dbrfqfr' 11/346)
mDtfslv nmq kfvf dhdHâ Jfbjfsr ofb-hfubfv zfnv hnfk. sjfb sjfb hYsv
mcrfvGm W nIv sKsjƒ mDtfslv zfbcôfdbj smZnm ðv¢ jsv dlk. snƒ …its[A ov¢-
Yfot phfƒ jsv Jfbf slWqf rk. jdh, ofqj W mDtflifEj ùucvslv nvovm dHV
usm …Ek.
mDtfl …its[A dmKAf jfdrbD, o¬i W jdhkf (bf'k-
out) SkvD jvf rk. hù ùucv kfv nis[ hƒ dtsJ
kfslv nrspfdokfW jsvdYstb. nhGiaKm zfhct JfÙfh
bfmj ˆj ùucv `zfkX-kfbhDv ID mfWdtdlt hfwDdvb
bfpDv' bfmj hƒ dtsJ wfr mcpfIXIfsvv dJlmsk siw
jvst dkdb k]fsj ˆj rfufv öBGmcûf dlsq icvõxk jsvb.
ƒmfm ncqCk¶D k]fv `zft-rfhD' oas§¿ …sïJ jsvsYb sp,
mDtfslv zfdh°jfvj wfr mcpfIXIfv ˆjlf ˆƒ zbcôfb
…its[A dhvfe sHfsuv hAh²¿f jsvb. snƒ sHfu
zfsqfusb dYt i]fy rfufv sHfbf hjvD, lw rfufv mcvoD,
ˆjwk sOfVf, ˆj t[ mfJb ˆhQ rfstfqfv dÛw rfufv
ifÛ. nCIDslvsj snƒ zbcôfsb lfWqfk dlsq out-
oDskv zbcôfb yftc rq; pf spfrv sKsj dbsq Iuv ipG§À
yftfsbf rq. zfv snƒ zbcôfsb bfysb-Wqftfslv nfsK
dkdb dbsuW bfsyb!
zk}iv nvjfsvv Hsq nkA iajfw jvsk …tfmfslv
Û¢de rst mDtfl ˆjde LmGDq v™i LfvB jsv sbq. bhDjbAf
Ifskmfv sj… bf rsqW `IfskmD' bfm dbsq ˆhQ …ÙÁ
swaBDv zbcôfsbv mfLAsm nfLfvB stfsjv mb tcse kfvf
vfuk¶ jsv sosY.
jdKk zfsY sp, mfWsnstv zdLhfnD …mfv dhb mcrf©mfl
337

bfmj ˆj hAdÙÁ bfdj Jchƒ zfswsj vnCt W zfïfrv ztD

dYstb. dkdb vnCt -ˆv Hfthfnfq ˆjf§À zbcvfsov hsw
ˆ mDtfl kKf vnCt -ˆv u¦m-hxÙf§À zfbcôfdbjHfsh
zfstfybfq hakD rb. dhJAfk nDvfsk wfmD oas§¿ ˆ jKf
öDjfv jvf rsqsY. (slJcb } YrDr mfjYCsl mc'smbDb 369ix})
zKy mDtfl iftb jvf bhD -ˆv iadk Hfstfhfnfv ndEj idvyq bq. ˆƒ
Hfstfhfnf hf mrêk wcLc lv™l ifsE hf (mboVf) mDtfl zbcôfsbv mfLAsm rq bf. hvQ
ˆƒ mrêskv ubA ˆjf§À uv¢vD k]fv ƒsÙhf W zbcnvB jvf. k]fv zflswG zflwGhfb
rWqf. k]fv pfhkDq zfslwfÎf pKfnfLA iftb jvf ˆhQ dbsNLfÎf sKsj n©iCBvG ™si
dhvk Kfjf. (nCvf zfst ƒmvfb 31 zfqfk) k]fv u¦mdlsb …{nh jsv zfb¦l
…isHfo jsv bq; hvQ dkdb sp ubA hf pfv ubA u¦m dbsqdYstb, kf hvB W iftb
jsv zfb¦l …isHfo jvf.
ˆsk sp nh hqfb jvf rq, kfv zdLjfQw zdkvÓb W dwjG hf dhlzfk. ˆmb nh
jfdrbD htf rq, pfv sjfb nrDr nbl sbƒ.
(j) spmb
ªzfïfr k]fv dbu bCv (suAfdkv) ˆj mcdô LfvB jsv kfv …sÜswA hstb, `kcdm
mcrf©mfl rsq pfW.«
ªzfïfr iaKm pf nxdó jsvb kf rt skfmfv bhDv bCv, sr ufshv!«
bCsv mcrf©mflD rsk zfvw-jcnDG , shsrñX-slfpJ, zfnmfb-pmDb pfhkDq nh djYcƒ nxdó.
zflm nxdóv 70 rfufv hYv iCshG zfïfrifj dbu bCv sKsj mcrf©mfslv bCvsj nxdó
jsv zfvsw mczfïfq tesj vfsJb.
zflm nxdó rsq …isvv dlsj kfdjsq suAfdkmGq b[Ûv™si mcrf©mfslv bCv zhstfjb
jsv mcÊ rb.
ˆjlf bhD duhvDtsj duÎfnf jvstb, `sr duhvDt! zfibfv hqn jk hYv
rsh?' duhvDt htstb, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfdm ufdb bf. ksh ykcKG ilGfq (zfnmfsb)
ˆjde b[Û …lq rq iadk 70 rfufv hYsv ˆjhfv. zfv zfdm snƒ b[Ûdesj 72
rfufv hfv …lq rsk slsJdY.' bhD htstb, `zfmfv vshv ƒpXpskv jnm! zfdmƒ
dYtfm snƒ b[Û!'
of©mfvD hstb,
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zKGf{, ˆ jKf uObA dmKAf. sp ˆ jKf ³kdv jsvsY W osVsY, zfïfr kfv mcJmàt
dhjxk jv¢b. (mcvdwlct rfsqv 10ix})
zfsvf mboVf rflDn spmb }-
ªzfdm Èå Lb-Hfàfv dYtfm.«
 338
ªzflm pJb Û¢de jsv hnstb, kJb dkdb htstb, `sr iadkiftj! zfdm
mcrf©mfslv znDtfq iafKGbf jvdY zfmfsj [mf jsv lfW----.«
sp vubDsk vfnCtïc fr mfkxosHG zfomb jvstb, zfïfr kfzftf ˆ vubDskƒ
uDhu§Â äfvf k]fv zfomb hfkGf jcvfsqwslvsj ufdbsq dlsqdYstb. jcvfsqwslv iadkde
uDhu§Â dhðÝ zfvhD HfNfq k]fv zfomsbv ncnQhfl kfslv dbje hstdYt.
‰ vfsk lcdbqfv pk hflwfr dYt kfslv dnQrfnbÈstf …d¬esq isV dosqdYt, kfslv
vnbfÈstf zfVó rsq dosqdYt, ‰ dlb kfvf jKf htsk n[m rqdb. ²¿t W ustv
uDh-u§ÂÈstf iv±iv iv±ivsj k]fv osHGv d²¿dkv ðH nQhfl ufdbsq dlsqdYt.
lcdbqfv ˆmb sjfb Ov hf ufqof hfjD dYt bf sp, k]fv bCv sn Ov hf ufqofq iashw
jsvdb.
bhD -ˆv HCdmôjfst dIvf…sbv ²ÃD zfdnqf, ƒmvfb kbqf mfvqAfm W shsrwXkD
ùvDoB …id²¿k rsqdYstb. svwmD h²Ã zfnmfb-pmDsb dhtdìk rsqdYt. dIdvwXkfoB
mfbcsNv shsw svZsiAv hlbf rfsk …id²¿k dYstb. umv¢l ifKsvv y[cdhdwó, ƒqfjck
ifKsvv i[dhdwó ifJDv U]fj ˆsndYt---ƒkAfdl ƒkAfdl.
HCdmô rWqfv nmq dkdb dnulfq idkk dYstb. wfrflk zÌcdt zfnmfsbv
dlsj …sÙfdtk dYt.
k]fv us¦mv nmq mÄfv `hfk¶Xrf' (hftcmq …ikAjf) HCdm zfbs¦l …sät rsq bkGb
jsvdYt. sjnvf iafnfslv snZLyCVfÈstf sHsM isVdYt, iafyDb ifvnDj
pfujmàtDv …ifnbfofvÈstfsk pco pco Lsv iaÏd¶ tk rsq zfnf zdo´jcàÈstf
dbhGfdik rsq dosqdYt, shfrfqvf iflvDosBv nvovm oDuGfÈstf dbs²Àu W db°iH a rsq
isVdYt ˆhQ kfslv ncJ-öf¤Y¦lA dhbó rsq dosqdYt, jf'hfoxsrv 360de mCdkG HCtcdØk
rsq isVdYt.
lcLmf rftDmfv Osv } k]fsj mCdkGv Osv dbsq pfWqf rst mCdkGÈstf dnulfq isV sot.
k]fv slftbf slftfk sIsvwXkfvf. y]fl k]fv nfsK jftfm jvk. dkdb spdlsj ƒwfvf
jvskb, y]fl sndlsjƒ U]sc j spk.
dkdb ˆj dlsb ˆj mfsnv hfVf hfVskb, (kfrst ˆj mfsn 900 dlsbv zKGf{, iafq
zfVfƒ hYsvv hfVf hfVfv jKf. dj§Â isv isv htf rsqsY,) ˆj mfsn ˆj hYsvv hfVf
hfVskb. lcƒ mfsnv jfst dkdb hnf ðv¢ jvstb.
lcL-mfkf rftDmfv Osv Kfjfjfst hjvDsk k]fsj dnulf jvk, ycmf dlk.
sp ufqofq dkdb if vfJskb, nhcu Ofsn zf²ÀDBG rsq spk.
ˆ nh ltDtrDb zdkHdÙÁv hqfb. ˆƒ swaBDv zfsvf jKf zfsho hsw htf pfq, dj§Â
ltDt bf Kfjst zfshsov sjfb lfm Kfsj bf.
ˆv yfƒsk hV zfshomq dYt zfmfv ˆj mDtflD YfÛ. zfmfv ƒntfdmj sn¦efsvv
dbqdmk lsnG …id²¿k rskf. ˆjdlbjfv dhNq dYt mrfbhD -ˆv u¦m dhNqj mntf-
mfnfsqt. zfdm httfm, `mfbcsNv mskf k]fv öfHfdhj dbqsm u¦m rsqdYt.'
sn svso …sE syfJ-mcJ tft j'sv hst …Et, `ˆmb htf shzflhD!'
zsbsj kfsj Lmj dlstW zfdm kfsj httfm, `kf sjb?'
339
sn htt, `zk hV ˆjub bhDv ubA zfidb htsYb ‰ sbfQvf ufqof dlsq k]fv
u¦m rsqsY!'
zfdm httfm, `kfrst zfidb htcb, k]fv u¦m jDHfsh rsqsY?'
sn ˆjec iajdx k²¿ rsq htt, `rqskf mcJ dlsq rsqsY.'
zfdm httfm, `ˆef skf zfibfv HdÙÁolXol LfvBfianCk jKf. dj§Â hf²Àshv hAfifsv
zdk HdÙÁv zfsho W LfvBf sjfb jfsu tfso bf. sjfb ltDt Kfjst htcb.'
sn djYcdlb mfûfnfq isVsY dEjƒ, dj§Â zfstm dYt bf. mcJ Hfv j'sv htt, `ltDt
zfmfv ufbf sbƒ.'
ˆƒHfshƒ zfshso zbcmfsb zsbj ˆmb jKf htf rq, pf ltDtrDb zhf²Àh.
i[f§Àsv nrDr ltDticó zhf²Àh smsb dbsk „mfblfvslv sjfb hfLf Kfjsk ifsv bf.
(J) dkdb Jkbfjxk zh²¿fq u¦moarB jsvsYb.
ˆ hAfifsv sp njt rflDn hBGbf jvf rq, kfv ˆjdeW ðÝ bq. (dn} pqDIfr 6270bQ)
ndEj rt, `zfvshv iaydtk iaKf zbcpfqD nåm dlsb k]fv Jfkbf jvf rq. (ƒhsb
drwfm 1/159, zfvGfrDj¶t c mfJkCm hfQtf 102ix})
wasÝq ifEj-ifdEjf! mDtflcâfhD iftb jvfv sjfb ltDt sbƒ. khcW mDtflDvf
zsbj mboVf ltDt siw jsv zf±Iftb jsv Kfsj, kfv djYc dbm´v™i }-
(1) `pfv db¦lfq jcvzfsbv ˆjde nCvf zfsY, snƒ zfhC tfrfh idhÛ us¦mv Jhv
ðsb zfbs¦l …{Icï rsq ÛÁDklfnD ncWqfƒhfsj rfskv lcƒ zÌcdt äfvf ƒwfvf jsv
zfpfl jsv slq. zk}iv kfv mxkcAv iv sjfb hAdÙÁ kfsj ösi´ slsJ (!) duÎfnf
jvt, kcdm jD zh²¿fq zfY? sn htt, zfdm slfpsJ zfdY. ksh iadk snfmhfv vfdÛsk
zfmfv zfpfh jdmsq slWqf rq. zfdm ˆ lcƒ zfMct rsk ifdb ycsN Jfƒ.'
ƒmfm rfpXvD bq ƒmfm ufpXvDv bjt jvf ˆ hBGbfv sjfb dHdÙ sbƒ. khcW kf ösi´v
Jhv. ufbf sbƒ, sp öi´ slsJdYt, sn mcndtm dYt, bf jfsIv?
iv§Â jfsIsvv i[ sKsj sjfb zfmt ivjfst …ijfvD bq. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
‫ ن‬6 Y!‫( " א‬٢٣) {‫א‬Q „1SB8 :\: 1• S:ْ : ~ : 5 ٍ ': : 74 83 ‫ א‬K '3 : 8: !5 @A S:84 3&65 ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm Wslv jxkjmGÈdtv iadk zdHmcJ j'sv snÈdtsj dhd[å LCdtjBf (öv™i
db®It) j'sv slh.« (Icvj¶fb } 23)
(٨٨) {:‫ ن‬K ': 4 V: ْ‫ א‬1 P5 8B H1XS4 : •5 3 + : !5 ْ‫ א‬PK : 4 5 4 !5 ‫و‬: 3•3‫ د‬:3 74 83 f: V: 7:8 3*/3 c3&X4 V: 3*’ !‫ א‬x:&\1 5h!3:‫}ذ‬
ªˆ zfïfrv iK dbsuv lfnslv msLA pfsj ƒ¤Yf dkdb ˆ äfvf idvyfdtk jsvb, kfvf
pdl zQwD ²¿fib (dwjG) jvk, kfrst kfslv jxkjmG db®It rk.« (‚bX‚m } 88)
(١٤٧) {:‫ ن‬K': 4 V: ْ‫ א‬1 P5 8: >?@A :‫ون‬4 T: ~ 4 V1 4 \: H4 X1 !K ': 4 5 94 Œ5 3 O
: "3 : ;
3 ª‫ א‬n5 !3‫و‬: S:I3 V: v3/ ْ‫ א‬/1BWP5 7: V3W!> ‫א‬:‫}و‬
ªpfvf zfmfv dblwGbnmCr W ivjfstv nf[f{sj dmKAf hst, kfslv jfpG db®It rsh.
kfvf pf jvsh klbcpfqDƒ kfslvsj iadkIt slWqf rsh.« (zf'vfI } 147)
H4 X1 !K ': 4 5 9
4 Œ5 3 O
: 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K @ Yْ JK !ْ /3 H4 X@ 3 YK 5 5 : :7V3&\3 : %‫ א‬:&L 3 : 8: ْ‫وא‬1 '1 4 V: ‫ن‬5 : P3 @ f4 '1 ْ !3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: }
/ b!‫" א‬ (١٧) {:‫ون‬1&!3 ;
: H4 \1 @ SB!‫ א‬R3 ‫و‬:
 340
ªzQwDhflDvf pJb dbsuvfƒ dbsuslv jcIvD (zdhÇhfn) öDjfv jsv, kJb kfvf
zfïfrv mnduslv v[Bfsh[B jvsh ˆmb rsk ifsv bf. Wvf ˆmb pfslv njt jmG
hAKG ˆhQ Wvf ufrfâfsmƒ ²¿fqDHfsh zh²¿fb jvsh.« (kfWhfr } 17)
(١٠٥) { Q‫ز‬4 ‫و‬: 3 8: : n3 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 V: H4 X1 !5 1H n3 1 5 5 H4 X1 !K ': 4 5 9
4 Œ5 3 +
: 5 3*s3 n5 !3‫و‬: H4 X@ /M: 3U V:v3/ ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h^3 !5 ‫و‬K }
ªWvfƒ kfvf pfvf kfslv iadkiftsjv dblwGbfhtD W k]fv nfsK kfslv nf[f{sj
zöDjfv jsv; Ist kfslv jmG db°It rsq pfq. nckvfQ djqfmskv dlb ‚dm kfslv
ubA sjfb Wub vfJh bf.« (jfrI } 105)
{:7V@ 3 ž : !ْ ‫ א‬:783 B7: JK b:!5 ‫و‬: 5hK ': : B7Œ5 :+4 : !5 :9Pْ : 4 5 74 ^3 !5 5h3465 74 83 :7V3W!> ‫! א‬5 @A‫و‬: 5h4 !5 @A :RO 3 ‫و‬K &4 n5 !5 ‫و‬: }
ªskfmfv iadk W skfmfv iChhG kDGslv iadk zhwAƒ zrD (iakAfslw) jvf rsqsY sp,
pdl kcdm zfïfrv zQwD d²¿v jv, kfrst zhwAƒ skfmfv jmG db®It rsh ˆhQ kcdm
rsh [dkoa²sÀ lv swaBDHcÙÁ.« (pcmfv } 65)
:*> !‫وא א‬2 1 V: 75! x:&Ê K ‫ א‬1HX1 !5 :7B :I: 8: 3&4 /: 738 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א א‬6r : ‫و‬: 3*>!‫ @ א‬3 : 7: ‫وא‬2&, : ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1 Y5 P5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
&'` " (٣٢) {H4 X1 !5 ': 4 5 •K 3 +
4 1 : ‫و‬: ^Q4 :
ªpfvf zdhw¶fn jsv ˆhQ mfbcNsj zfïfrv iK rsk dbhxÙ jsv ˆhQ dbsuslv dbje
isKv dlwf hAÙÁ rhfv iv vnCstv dhsvfdLkf jsv, kfvf jJbƒ zfïfrv sjfb [dk
jvsk ifvsh bf. zfv dkdb kfslv jmG hAKG jvshb.« (mcrf©mfl } 32)
kfrst zdo´-dwJfdhdwó slfpsJv hfdn¦lf zfhC tfrfshv ‰ JcwDv zfmt jDHfsh
ivjfst jfsu dlt?
i[f§Àsv ƒdkrfn-oa§¿nmCsr iadnÝ sp, zfhC tfrfh ncWqfƒhfsj bhD -ˆv
druvskv isv öfLDb jsvdYt. (zft-ƒ²ÀDzfh, ƒhsb zfdèt hfvG 1/12)
iaskAj hYv k]fv u¦mdlsb lfn-mcÙÁ j'sv sn JcwD nfrfhf, kfsh„osBv sj… iftb
jsvbdb. nckvfQ zfhC tfrfshv sn ncâksj du¦lf jvf dj mcndtmslv ubA dhsLq rsk
ifsv?
(2) Wslv lfhD, k]fv u¦mvfdÛ wshjlv zsi[f …Ùm.
zKy wshjlv rt rfufv mfn zsi[f swaô. (nCvf j¶flXv }2)
mrfbhD -ˆv ydïw hYv hqsnv iv k]fsj ˆ jKf ufbfsbf rq. dj§Â sn vfk
zsi[f k]fv u¦mvfdÛ swaô, sn jKf dkdb ufdbsq pfbdb.
ofqhD dhNsq zfsjstv sOfVf Ycdesq rsjv bfoft ifWqf pfq bf. wvDqk dhhxdk bf
dlst, jD swaô zfv jD swaôkm, kf ufbfv …ifq Kfsj bf.
zbcv™i wshjlsvv jKf zfmvf ufdb, kfsk jD zfmt jvsk rq, kfW zfmfslv
ufbf. dj§Â mrfbhD -ˆv u¦mvfdÛsk jD zfmt jvsk rq, kfW ufbsk ifdv bf.
mboVf zfmt YfVf wvDqskv hqfb dmst bf. nckvfQ kf dhlzfk ³h jD?
wvDqsk iadnÝ pf, kf zfmvf mfbsk hfLA. mrfb zfïfr dIdvwXkfslv mLA sKsj swaô
dIdvwXkf dbhGfyb jsvsYb, mfbh-ufdkv msLA vnCtoBsj ˆhQ k]fslv msLA mcrf©mfl
-sj msbfbDk jsvsYb. jftfsmv msLA jcvzfbsj dbhGfdyk jsvsYb. ixdKhDv hcsj
mndulnmCrsj dbhGfdyk jsvsYb. dlbnmCsrv msLA ucmzfv dlbsj ˆhQ vfdÛnmCsrv
341
msLA wshjlsvv vfdÛsj swaôk¶ lfb jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfmfslv …dyk, snƒ njt h²Â,
hAdÙÁ W nmq-jftsj swaôk¶ slWqf, sp njt h²Â, hAdÙÁ W nmq-jftsj mrfb zfïfr
swaôk¶ lfb jsvsYb.
i[f§Àsv mrfbhD -ˆv u¦m vfsÛ rqdb, hvQ rsqsY snfmhfv dlsb. kfrst
wshjlsvv vfdÛ zsi[f k]fv u¦mvfdÛsj swaôk¶ slWqfv sjfb iafndÌjkfƒ sbƒ.
vfnCtïc fr -sj snfmhfv dlsb svfpf vfJf n©isjG duÎfnf jvf rst dkdb htstb,
.« 3* 3 B 5 : :‫ل‬T@ 4 K ‫و‬4 5 19„4 3 /1 ‫ <م‬4 V: ‫و‬: 3* 3 1U&4 !3‫و‬1 ‫ <م‬4 V: 5g‫א‬:‫» ذ‬
ªWde ˆmb ˆjde dlb, spdlb zfmfv u¦m rsqsY, spdlb zfdm (bhDv™si) siadvk
rsqdY zKhf ‰ dlsb zfmfv iadk (nhGiaKm) `zrD' zhkDBG jvf rsqsY.« (mcndtm 2804bQ)
iv§Â wshjlsvv vfdÛ zsi[f swaô vfdÛv jKf nrDr rflDsn ˆsnsY, dj§Â swaôk¶
zfmstv dlj dlsq. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.(3*3\4 5 !5@A :ŠL
3 4 V: 5? ‫ن‬4 5 1*>: !5 N 4 ;
: @‫ض‬4 5 R3 :‫س‬: O : ‫س‬ < @O: @ &4 n5 !ْ‫ א‬3 5 4!5 74 83 : : ْ 5 ً 54 !5 H4 JK ^1M:K 5?5)
zKGf{, zfdm dj skfmfslvsj ˆmb ˆj vfdÛv jKf hst slh bf, pf wshjlv zsi[f
swaô? (ˆmb vfdÛ pfsk) sjfb mcufdrl iadkv[fv jfsu ÛfnHvf ²¿fsb ifrfvf slq,
nýhk} sn dbu idvhfsv dIsv zfsn bf. (rfsjm, dn} nrDrfr 2811bQ)
ˆ mpGflf ˆ ubA sp, ˆƒ mcufdrl ðLc dbsusj bq, hvQ vfdÛ ufovB jsv slswv
mcndtmslv dbvfiÙf v[f jsv. zfv wshjlv ufovBjfvD sjht dbsuv mcdÙÁv ubA
zfmt jvfv syóf jsv.
(3) ltDtrDb lfhD rt, „sl mDtflcâfhDƒ rs¤Y nhGswaô „l.
mrfbhD mlDbfq zfomb jvst slJstb, mlDbfhfnDvf lcde „l iftb jvsY. kf
slsJ dkdb htstb, ª(ufsrdtqfsk) skfmfslv lcde dlb dYt, pfsk skfmvf sJtfLCtf
jvsk. ˆ[sB ‰ dlsbv idvhskG zfïfr skfmfslvsj lcde …Ùm dlb ialfb jsvsYb;
„lct dIkv ˆhQ „lct zfprfv dlb.« (nrDr zfhC lf†l 1004, bfnf„ 1555bQ)
nckvfQ iftbDq „l ƒntfsm lcdeƒ. ˆ rt mrfbhD -ˆv dbLGfvB. ˆv yfƒsk swaô
„slv jKf mrfbhD jkxj hdBGk rqdb; bf dlsbv jKf, zfv bf kfsk iftbDq
zfmstv jKf.
djqfn W zbcmfb jsv wvDqskv sjfb ƒhflk dbLGfvB rq bf. mpGflf zf¦lfu jsv
dbsuslv kvI sKsj sjfb dhNqsj sYfe-hV jvf pfq bf. hvQ wvDqk spmb hst,
pfsj sp mpGflf slq, kfv snƒ mpGflfƒ dhw¶fn jvsk rq, kfv jmW bf, kfv shdwW bf.
sYfe hf¤yfslvsj ƒQsvuD iVfsk sost zsbj nmq iasw´v n©mcJDb rsk rq, b-u-t
(hfe) rq, dj§Â p-u-t (ice) sjb rsh? ˆv …Ùsv pf htsk rq, kfƒ htf pfq
wvDqskv s[sÛ. wvDqskv …isv dbsuslv zfsjstv yfjf yftfst wvDqk sHl jsv
dhlzfsk iVsk rq.
ƒhflk jvf W jhcstv lcde wkG } ƒJtfn W kvDjfsq mcrf©mflD.
mrfbhD -ˆv u¦mdlhnsj „l smsb dbstW kf iftb jvfv iÝdk jD?
„lct dIk¶Xv iftb jvfv iÝdk dkdb hstsYb. „slv kjhDv ifE jv, shsufV
 342
sJucv sJsq „lofsr pfW. pKfdbqsm lcƒ vfjzfk bfmfp iV, sJfkhf swfb ƒkAfdl.
„lct zfprf iftb jvfv iÝdk dkdb hst sosYb. ‰ dlsbv zdkdvÙÁ zfmt rt
jcvhfbD jv.
dj§Â „sl mDtflcâfhD iftb jvfv iÝdk jD? ˆ nhGswaô „l iftsbv hAfifsv
kvDjfsq mcrf©mflD jD?
pdl mrfbhD svfpf svsJ u¦mdlb iftb jsvsYb, kfrst snfmhfsv svfpf svsJ
nfåfdrj sn „l iftb bf jsv h{nvfs§À ˆjhfv snfmhfv YfVf zbA dlsbW sn „l
iftb jvf rq, sjfbX dHdÙsk, jfv iÝdksk?
(4) `mcntmfbslv ubA h{nsv lcde „lƒ nDmfhÝ bq. hvQ rflDn wvDsI zfïfrv
vnCt ƒvwfl jsvsYb sp, ucmfv dlbW mcntmfbslv ubA „l. ˆmbdj ˆ dlbsj
zfïfrv dbje „lct dIkv W „lct zfprf sKsj zdLj mpGflfn©iâ hst zdHdrk
jsvsYb. (ƒhsb mfufr) zfv ucmzfv dlbsj „l drnfsh sOfNBf jvfv ˆjde jfvB rt,
ˆ dlsb rpvk zflm -sj nxdó jvf rsqsY. (dmwjfk) nckvfQ zflm -sj nxdó
jvfv jfvsB pdl ucmfv dlb „l rq, kfrst sp mrfb vfnCt -sj nxdó bf jvst rpvk
zflm nxdó rskb bf, snƒ lqftc vrmsk zftm bhDv lcdbqfq zfomsbv dlbsj „l
drnfsh iftb jvf pfsh bf sjb?'
ˆƒ ubA pfsh bf sp, ucmzfv dlb nfåfdrj „l drnfsh öDjxdk W zbcsmflb sisqsY
zfïfr W k]fv vnCt -ˆv i[ sKsj. i[f§Àsv snfmhfv hf 12ƒ vhD…t zfWqft sn
öDjxdk hf zbcsmflb ifqdb.
lcƒ „l YfVf sjht ucmzfv dlbƒ „l bq, hvQ zfsvf zbA dlbsjW „l htf rsqsY.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.« N$4 1 ‫و‬: ٍ Pْ 5 1‫ م‬VB 5 : \3 ‫و‬: @‫م‬5 4 @z‫ א‬: \4 5 :1& 3 @ZV@ f4 bB!‫ א‬1‫ م‬VB 5 ‫و‬: @ +
4 SB!‫ א‬1‫م‬4 V: ‫و‬: 5 5 : : 1‫م‬4 V: »
zKGf{, zfvfIfskv dlb, jcvhfbDv dlb, kfwvDsjv (3 dlb, pctrsÏv 11, 12 W
13 kfvDJ) zfmfslv „l sr mcndtmoB! zfv kf rt ifb-sHfusbv dlb. (zfrmfl
17379, zfhC lf†l 2421, dkvdmpD 773, bfnf„ 3004, lfsvmD 1764, rfsjm 1586bQ)
zfv kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, zfmvfW snƒ zbcmfsb „l vybf jvh. vybf jvfv
zdLjfv zfmfslv sbƒ. spsrkc äDb idviCBG rsq sosY. kfsk nQspfub jvfv zbcmdk
jfsvf sbƒ.
ƒhsb mfsuwCb hstb, zfdm ƒmfm mfstj (v})sj htsk wcsbdY sp, sp hAdÙÁ
ƒntfsm sjfb dhlzfk vybf jsv ˆhQ kf icsBAv jfu msb jsv, sn hAdÙÁ LfvBf jsv
sp, mcrf©mfl dvnftskv dJqfbk (zfïfrv iakAfslw iayfsv dhÇhfnOfkjkf)
jsvsYb. spsrkc zfïfr kfzftf hstb, ªzfu zfdm skfmfslv ubA skfmfslv äDbsj
iCBfG Ì jsv dltfm.« zkˆh sndlb pf äDb dYt bf zfuW (bkcbHfsh) kf äDb bq.
(zft ƒ'dknfm 1/49)
wvDqk „lct dIk¶Xv W zfprf YfVf ucmzfv dlb, zfvfIfv dlb, pct-rsÏv 11, 12,
13 kfvDsJv dlbÈdtsj `„l' hst sOfNBf dlsqsY ˆhQ snƒ „l jDHfsh iftb jvsk rsh,
kfvW dbslGw dlsqsY. dj§Â snfmhfv hf 12 vhD…t zfWqftsj `„l' hst sOfNBf slqdb,
343
dhLfq zfmvf dbsuslv kvI sKsj sOfNBf dlsq kf `„l' hst iftb jvsk ifdv bf.
mrfb zfïfr hstb,
B‫@ن‬A‫و‬: H4 X1 S:4 /: :R3 nK !5 @ #
4 Y5 !ْ ‫ א‬K ': 3P5 !5 4 !5 ‫و‬: 1*> !‫ א‬3*/3 ‫ن‬:‫‚ْذ‬V: H4 !5 8: @7VM&!‫ א‬:78M H1X!5 ‫ א‬1 : : P5 : 1 H4 X1 !5 ‫م‬4 5 }
x f!‫( " א‬٢١) {H< !35 $ < ‫א‬:W: H4 X1 !5 : '3 !3 ƒ> !‫א‬
zKGf{,ˆslv dj ˆmb jkjÈdt zQwD (…ifnA) zfsY, pfvf ˆslv ubA dhLfb dlsqsY
ˆmb LsmGv, pfv zbcmdk zfïfr ˆslvsj slbdb? yCVf§À sOfNBf bf Kfjst ˆslv dhNsq skf
Ifqnftf rsqƒ spk. dbÇyqƒ nDmftQObjfvDslv ubA jólfqj wfd²À vsqsY. (wCvf } 21)
zfv mrfbhD hstb,
.« À‫د‬: : X1 5 1*S4 83 :•4 !5 8: ‫א‬:W\: :@ 84 5 3 : :&O 4 5 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfslv ˆ (äDb) hAfifsv bkcb djYc zfdh°jfv jsv, sn hAdÙÁv sn jfu
iakAfJAfk.« (hcJfvD 2697, mcndtm 4589)
(5) `„l mfsb pf dIsv dIsv zfsn. „sl mDtflcâfhDW dIsv dIsv zfsn. zkˆh kf
zfmfslv ubA „l rsh bf sjb?'
…Ùv } dIsv ˆstƒ „l rq bf, „l rWqfv wvqD zbcsmflb yfƒ.
hYsvv njt dlbƒ skf dIsv dIsv zfsn. jk wk Èv¢k¶iCBG dlb nfåfdrj W
hf{ndvj drnfsh Ocsv-dIsv zfsn, zfv kfv mfsbƒ dj zfmvf kfsj `„l' smsb sbh?
iv§Â dbdlGó jsv htf pfq bf sp, sjfbX kfvDsJ k]fv u¦mdlb dYt? zsbsjv msk
vhD…t zfWqft mfsnv 2, 8, 9 hf 10 kfvDJ k]fv u¦mdlb dYt. i[f§Àsv 12 kfvDsJ
k]fv mxkAc dlb dYt db}ns¦lsr. kfsk sjfb iajfv mksHl sbƒ. kfrst ns¦lrrDb
mxkAc v dlsb nd¦lÊ u¦mdlb iftsbv spZdÙÁjkf sjfKfq?
(6) `zfïfr vfêct zftfmDb k]fv hf¦lfslvsj k]fv dbqfmk W vrmkiafdåv ðjdvqf
öv™i zfb¦l …{nh (?) jvsk dbslGw dlsqsYb. dkdb hstsYb,
• V " (٥٨) {:‫ ن‬1 ': ~ 4 V: 'B 8M < 4 ;
: : \1 ْ‫ א‬O
1 : Yْ : ْ 5 5h!3W: 3 5 3*b3 ': O
4 : /3 ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ @ א‬4 Y5 /3 4 6K }
zKGf{, kcdm hst lfW, `ˆ rt zfïfrvƒ zbcora W jv¢Bfq; nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv
zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk; ˆef kfvf pf (ifdKGh n©il) nÑq jvsY kf rsk zdLj …Ùm.'
(ƒ…bcn } 58)
zfv zfïfr ialÙ dbqfmknmCsrv msLA vnCt -ƒ rs¤Yb nhGswaô dbqfmk. nckvfQ
‰ dbqfmkiafdåv dlsb ðjdvqf drnfsh sjb zfmvf „l iftb jvh bf?'
sjb jvh bf? spsrkc „l iftb jvfsk zfïfr-zfïfrv vnCstv sjfb dbslGw sbƒ.
zfïfr vfêct zftfmDb k]fv hf¦lfslvsj k]fv dbqfmk W vrmkiafdåv ðjdvqf
öv™i zfb¦l …{nh jvsk dbslGw slbdb.
zfbd¦lk hf sJfw rsk hstsYb. …{nh jvsk hstbdb. …{nh zfb¦liCBG hf
u]fjumjiCBG zbcôfbsj hst. mrfb zfïfr zfbs¦lv zbcôfb jvsk hstbdb. ˆef
zfïfrv iadk dmKAfsvfi W k]fv bfsm dmKAf iayfv. zfv dbÇyqƒ kfv idvBfm Hfstf bq.
kfvisvW jKf zfsY.
zfïfr vfêct zftfmDb k]fv hf¦lfslvsj k]fv dbqfmk W vrmkiafdåv ðjdvqf öv™i
 344
zfb¦l …{nh jvsk dbslGw jkhfv dlsqsYb?
zfb¦l …{nh sjfbX dlb W jJb jvsk hstsYb?
jDHfsh jvsk hstsYb?
zfsY dj …ÙÁ zfqfsk ˆ nshv …Ùv? dbÇyq sn nh …Ùv mboVf dlsk rsh ˆhQ
mboVfHfsh snƒ `zfb¦l …{nh' jvsk rsh. zfv snefƒ rsh dhlzfk.
zfmvf zhwAƒ mfdb mrfbhD dhwft dbqfmk W vrmk. spsrkc mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
‫( " א‬١٠٧) { : '3 !5 : ْ !q ً ': O 4 : !>@A 5g S:ْ : 4 5 8: ‫و‬: }
ªzfdm skf skfmfsj dhw¶uoskv iadk ðLc jv¢Bf v™siƒ siavB jsvdY.« (‚dìqf } 107)
zfv zfmvf zhwAƒ sn dbqfmk W vrmk dbsq zfbd¦lk. nlf-nhGlf zfbd¦lk.
k]fvƒ hslZtsk nciK sisqdY kfƒ zfbd¦lk. k]fvƒ hslZtsk ufrfâfm sKsj mcdÙÁ
sisq ufâfk tfH jvh ƒb wf-zfïfr, kfƒ skf zfmvf zfbd¦lk. kf hst snƒ dbqfmk
W vrmkiafdåv zfb¦l iajfw jvfv sjfb dbdlGó dlb-[B sbƒ.
wvDqskv ˆjde hAfij …dÙÁsj sjfb dlb-[sBv nfsK dbdlGó jvst dbÇyq snef hV
lc}nfrdnjkfv jKfƒ hse.
mcbfufkDvf spmb hst, `Ivp bfmfspv iv ufmfkD mcbfufk bf jvst dbjxó zh²¿fq
ufrfâfm spsk rsh.' sjbbf mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{:7V@ ;
3 ‫א‬:‫ د‬:HSBX: L
: :‫ ن‬K ;
1 &4 : : R3I:‫ د‬:3 74 : :‫ون‬1 3 Jْ b:4 V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A H4 JK !5 d
4 ~
3 b:4 5 R3 1 ‫د‬4 ‫ א‬1HJK /2: :‫ ل‬65 ‫و‬: }
zKGf{, skfmfslv iadkiftj hstb, skfmvf zfmfsj Ffj zfdm skfmfslv Ffsj nfVf
slh. pfvf zrQjfsv zfmfv …ifnbfq dhmcJ, Wvf tfdÒk rsq ufrfâfsm iashw jvsh.
(mc'dmb } 60)
mDtflDvf spmb hst WqfrfhDvf lv¢l isV bf. (kfv mfsb djqfm jsv bf W mboVf
lv™l isV bf.) zkˆh kfvf jcvzfb mfsb bf. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٥٦) { 'Q 34 I: ‫' א‬1 q : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : ‫ א‬r, : ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: MR3 SB!‫ א‬5 : :‫ ن‬r# : V1 1*b:J5 s3 58: ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr bhDv iadk zbcora jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfoBW bhDv ubA
zbcora iafKGbf jsv. sr mc'dmboB! skfmvfW bhDv ubA zbcora iafKGbf jv ˆhQ
kfsj …Ùmv™si zdHhflb jv. (lv™l W nftfm siw jv.) (‚rXpfh } 56)
dbsuvf bf hcsU zisvv OfsV slfN yfifq! sp ufqof lJt jsv, sn ufqofv ltDt
siw bf jvsk sisv, nfLfvBD ufqofv ltDt siw jsv!
`ˆ rt k]fvƒ zbcora W jv¢Bfq; nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk; ˆef
kfvf pf (ifdKGh n©il) nÑq jvsY kf rsk zdLj …Ùm.'
zbcora W jv¢Bfv jKf dj dbdlGó jsv htf rsqsY?
khcW …tfmfoB hstb, …ÙÁ zfqfsk pf dbsq zfbd¦lk rsk htf rsqsY, kf iCshGfÙÁ
zfqfsk ±ió jvf zfsY. mrfb zfïfr kfv iCshG hstsYb,
(٥٧) : S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3 › ': O
4 : ‫و‬: x
Q &1\‫و‬: @ ‫و‬1&#
2 !‫ א‬R3 ': !3 < Y5 3 ‫و‬: H4 JK /M: 74 83 › ƒ5 3 4 8: H4 JK I4 : L
: &4 65 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
• V (٥٨) {:‫ ن‬1 ': ~
4 V: 'B 83 < 4 ;
: : \1 ‫ א‬O
1 : Yْ : ْ 5 5h!3:W3 5 3*b3 ': O
4 : /3 ‫و‬: 3*> !‫ @ א‬4 Y5 /3 4 6K
345
zKGf{, sr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv jfsY skfmfslv iadkiftsjv kvI rsk …islw W
z§Àsvv svfsov dbvfmq ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA iKialwGj W jv¢Bf nmfok rsqsY. kcdm hst
lfW, `ˆ rt zfïfrvƒ zbcora W jv¢Bfq; nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk;
ˆef kfvf pf (ifdKGh n©il) nÑq jvsY kf rsk zdLj …Ùm.' (ƒ…bcn } 57-58)
…tfmfsq ntI …ÙÁ zfqfsk JcwDv dhNq jcvzfbsjƒ hcsUsYb. spsrkc
`iadkiftsjv kvI rsk …islw W z§Àsvv svfsov dbvfmq ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA
iKialwGj W jv¢Bf' rt zft-j¶cvzfbƒ.
ƒhsb ufvDv k¶fhfvD k]fv kInDv oas§¿ dtsJsYb, mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, ªkcdm hst
lfW, `ˆ rt zfïfrvƒ zbcora W jv¢Bfq; nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk
rWqf …dyk; ˆef kfvf pf nÑq jvsY, kf rsk zdLj …Ùm.«
mrfb zfïfr k]fv bhD -sj hstsYb, sr mcrf©mfl! pfvf skfmfsj W skfmfv
iadkiftsjv i[ sKsj skfmfv …iv zhkDBG jcvzfbsj dmKAfÎfb jsv, kfslvsj
(ht, zfïfrvƒ zbcora ) sr stfj njt! pf dkdb skfmfslvsj lfb jsvsYb, kf rt
ƒntfm. dkdb skfmfslv ubA dhhxk jsvsYb ˆhQ kfv iadk zfrhfb jsvsYb. (ˆhQ
k]fvƒ jv¢Bf) pfv äfvf skfmfslv iadk jv¢Bf jsvsYb. nckvfQ dkdb skfmfslv iadk kf
zhkDBG jsvsYb, zk}iv skfmvf k]fv djkfshv pf ufbsk bf, kf dw[f dlsqsYb.
zk}iv kfv äfvf skfmfslvsj skfmfslv äDsbv iakDjnmCrsj lxwAmfb jsvsYb. zfv
kf rt jcvzfb. (nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk; ˆef kfvf pf nÑq
jvsY, kf rsk zdLj …Ùm.) zfïfr hstb, snƒ ƒntfm pfv dlsj dkdb kfslvsj
zfrhfb jsvsYb ˆhQ snƒ jcvzfb pf dkdb kfslv iadk zhkDBG jsvsYb, kf lcdbqfv
n©il W LbHfàfv zsi[f swaô. (kInDv k¶fhfvD 15/105)
mcIfnXdnv jcvkchD (v}) hstsYb, zfïfr kfzftf hstsYb, (`ˆ rt zfïfrvƒ zbcora
W jv¢Bfq; nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk.'
zfhC nf„l JclvD W ƒhsb zfêfn (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbùmf) hstsYb, `zfïfrv zbcora
rt jcvzfb ˆhQ k]fv vrmk rt ƒntfm.'
…Hq nfrfhD jkxj G zfsvf hdBGk sp, `zfïfrv zbcora rt jcvzfb ˆhQ k]fv vrmk
rt ˆƒ sp, dkdb skfmfslvsj zfrst jcvzfb hfdbsqsYb.'
rfnfb, pfrXrfj, mcufdrl W jfkflfr (v}) hstsYb, `zfïfrv zbcora rt „mfb ˆhQ
k]fv jv¢Bf rt jcvzfb.' iaKm …dÙÁv dhivDk. (kInDv jcvkchD 8/353)
ƒhsb jfNDv (v}) dtsJsYb, mrfb zfïfr k]fv n©mfdbk vnCstv iadk sp mrfoa§¿
zft-j¶vc zfb zhkDBG jsvsYb, kfv mfLAsm nxdóv iadk ƒrnfbD hBGbf jvsk dosq hstb,
(sr mfbh ufdk! skfmfslv jfsY skfmfslv iadkiftsjv kvI rsk …islw ˆsnsY)
zKGf{, zw½Dt jmGfhtD sKsj hfLflfbjfvD ˆsnsY. (ˆhQ z§Àsvv svfsov dbvfmq ˆsnsY)
zKGf{, z§Àsv sp ns¦lr W nQwq zfsY, kfv dbvfmq. zfv kf rt kfsk sp jfdtmf W
zidhÛkf zfsY kfv lCvjfvD. (ˆhQ dhw¶fnDslv ubA iKialwGj W jv¢Bf nmfok
rsqsY.) zKGf{, kfv äfvf mrfb zfïfrv i[ sKsj tfH rq drlfqfk W vrmk.
dj§Â ˆƒ tfH zuGb jvsh sjht kfv iadk dhw¶fnDvf, kfsj nkAÎfbjfvDvf ˆhQ
 346
kfsk pf zfsY, kfsk lxP iakAqDvf. spmb mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ א‬z‫( א‬٨٢) {‫א‬Q : ; : >?:A : '3 !3 ƒ> !‫ א‬1&V@TV: 5?‫و‬: : S3 83 —4 '1 ْ!q › ': O4 : ‫و‬: Y5 3 : \1 8: @‫ن‬-4 nK !ْ ‫ א‬:783 1‫ل‬TM S:1‫و‬: }
zKGf{,‚dm zhkDBG jdv jcv‚b, pf dhw¶fnDslv ubA zfsvfoA W jv¢Bf, dj§Â kf
nDmftQObjfvDslv [dkƒ hxdÝ jsv. (hfbD ƒnaf„t } 82)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb,
:‫ون‬4 :‫ د‬S:V1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K 'Q : H4 X@ 4 5 : : \1 ‫و‬: < 6ْ ‫و‬: H4 X@ 3‫א‬:‫ذ‬- R3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 !5 :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬Y5 3 ‫و‬: xQ&\1 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W> !3 : \1 4 6K }
9 # " (٤٤) {N& 3 /: ‫ ٍن‬J5 8B 738
zKGf{, ht, dhw¶fnDslv ubA ˆ iKdbslGwj W hAfdLv iadkjfv. dj§Â pfvf zdhw¶fnD
kfslv jsBG vsqsY hdLvkf ˆhQ jcvzfb rsh ˆslv ubA zájfvöv™i. ˆvf ˆmb sp,
spb ˆslv hù lCv rsk zfrhfb jvf rq. (rf-mDm nfulfr } 44)
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb, (kcdm hst lfW, `ˆ rt zfïfrvƒ zbcora W jv¢Bfq; nckvfQ
ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk; ˆef kfvf pf nÑq jvsY, kf rsk
zdLj …Ùm.') zKGf{, zfïfrv i[ sKsj sp drlfqfk W nkA äDb nmfok rsqsY,
kfƒ dbsq kfslv JcwD rWqf …dyk. spsrkc kf kfvf pf (ifdKGh n©il) nÑq jvsY, kf
rsk zdLj …Ùm. (kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv 4/275)
ƒhbct jfƒsqm (v}) hstsYb, ªkcdm hst lfW, `ˆ rt zfïfrvƒ zbcora W jv¢Bfq;
nckvfQ ˆ dbsqƒ kfslv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk; ˆef kfvf pf (ifdKGh n©il) nÑq
jvsY, kf rsk zdLj …Ùm.«
`zfïfrv zbcora W k]fv jv¢Bf'v hAfJAfq ntIslv …dÙÁnmCsrv sj¦ûdh¦lc rt ˆƒ
sp, kf rt ƒntfm W ncâfr.' (kInDv ƒhbct jfƒsqm 1/368)
nftfùÜDb ƒ…ncI nfsrh …ÙÁ zfqfskv kInDsv hstsYb, `zfb¦l' hf `Jcdw' htf
rq ‰ zh²¿fsj, pf sjfb zfjfd£[k h²Â zuGsbv Ist mfbcN dbu msb zbcHh jsv.
mc'dmboBsj htf rs¤Y sp, ˆƒ j¶cvzfb zfïfrv dhswN zbcora W k]fv vrmk, ˆ zbcora
tfH jsv mc'dmbosBv zfbd¦lk rWqf …dyk. ˆv zKG ˆƒ bq sp, (zfb¦l-…{nh
jvsh.) zfb¦l iajfw jvfv ubA uftnf-utcn j'sv, zfstfjnÏf hf zbA sjfbv™i
ziysqv zbcôfb …lXpfibgjvsh. spmb hkGmfsbv dhlzfkDvf …ÙÁ zfqfk äfvf
`bhDdlhn' ƒkAfdl zdHbh dhlzfkD zbcôfb ShL rWqfv jKf iamfB jvsk yfq.
(zfrnfbct hfqfb)
htf hfùtA, ntIslv sj…ƒ …ÙÁ zfqfskv Ipt W vrmskv hAfJAfq bhD -sj
hcUfbdb. ivhkGDsk sj… kf hcUfsk ˆst sn LfvBf jsv sp, ntIoB ‰ zfqfskv zKG
hcsUbdb. zKy ˆ JtIslv JtDIf kf hcsU sIstsY, pf ntIoB hcsUbdb!
iv§Â zfm zsKG njstv …dyk mrfbhD -sj dbsqW JcwD rWqf. dj§Â sn JcwDv Lvb k]fv
u¦mdlb iftb jsv zfb¦l-…{nh jvf bq. hvQ k]fsj msb-iafsB Hfstfshsn JcwD rsk rsh.
k]fv iadk lv™l ifE jvsk rsh.
k]fv ncâfr W kvDjf z]fjsV Lsv JcwD rsk rsh.
ncâfr-dhsvfLD W k]fv kvDjfv idvi§¿D pfhkDq dhlzfk sKsj lCsv Kfjsk rsh.
347
k]fv dbslGdwk iÝdkskƒ pfhkDq ƒhflk W „l iftb jvsk rsh.
mrfbhD hstsYb,
H4 PK VB @A‫و‬: 3WL
3 ‫א‬: SB! /3 X: 4 5 : ‫ א‬2 : ‫و‬: X: /3 ‫ א‬JK B ': I: :7V3&3 ‫א‬B !‫ א‬: VM3&X4 ': !ْ ‫ א‬3 Y5 5 ž
1 !ْ ‫ א‬3 SB1 ‫و‬: b3 SB1 /3 H4 JK 4 5 : : »
.« › !5 5 k
: N : &4 /3 B PK ‫و‬: › : &4 /3 N ‰::&+
4 81 B PK B‫‘@ن‬5 @ 81 K ‫ א‬3U ‰::&+
4 81 ‫و‬:
ªskfmvf zfmfv ncâk W nciKiafå JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv vDdksj zf]jsV Lvsh ˆhQ kf
lf]k dlsq muhCk j'sv Lsv Kfjsh. zfv skfmvf äDsb bh …ßfdhk jmGnmCr (dhlzfk)
sKsj sh]sy Kfjsh. jfvB, iaskAj dhlzfkƒ ëókf.« (zfhC lf…l, dkvdmpD 2676bQ)
ˆƒ rt k]fsj dbsq zfbd¦lk rWqfv iÝdk.
ˆƒ rt k]fsj Hfstfhfnfv vDdk.
ˆƒ rt k]fsj n©mfb W waÝf jvfv bDdk.
ˆƒ rt k]fv zfbcoskAv mfLAsm mrfb iadkiftsjv Hfstfhfnf ifWqfv iK.
(7) `rflDn wvDsI zfsY, vfnCst jfvDm dbsuƒ mDtflcâfhDv ðjdvqf drnfsh iadk
snfmhfv svfpf iftb jsvsYb. nckvfQ zfmvf sjb mDtflcâfhD iftb jvh bf?'
…Ùv } ˆƒ ubA jvh bf, spsrkc vfnCst jfvDm jsvbdb, jvsk hstbdb. dkdb
mDtfslv JcwDsk svfpf vfJst svfpf iftb jvfv idvhskG `mDtflcâfhD iftb jvf' dhsLq
rq sjfbX pcdÙÁsk?
zfhC jfkflfr hstb, `snfmhfv svfpf vfJfv hAfifsv bhD duÎfdnk rst dkdb
htstb, ªˆef rt snƒ dlb, sp dlsb zfdm u¦m tfH jsvdY ˆhQ zfmfv …iv nhGiaKm
jcvzfb zhkDBG rsqsY.« zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, ª‰ dlsb zfdm (bhDv™si) siadvk
rsqdY.« (zfrmfl 5/297, 299, mcndtm 1162, zfhC lf†l 2425bQ)
dj§Â kfv mfsb ˆƒ bq sp, ‰ svfpf svsJ dkdb öDq u¦mdlb iftb jsvsYb. hvQ
svfpf vfJfv jfvB hBGbf jsv dkdb zfsvf hstb, snfm W hxr±idkhfv (mfbcsNv) njt
zfmt (zfïfrv lvhfsv) siw jvf rq. kfƒ zfdm ˆef iY¦l jdv sp, zfmfv svfpf vfJf
zh²¿fq zfmfv zfmt (k]fv dbje) siw jvf srfj.« (dkvdmpD, nrDr kfvoDh 1027bQ)
zfïfrv vnCt zfsvf hstb, ªiaskAj snfm W hxr±idkhfsv (mfbcsNv) njt
zfmt (zfïfrv dbje) siw jvf rq. zfv (‰ …Hq dlsb) zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX
iaskAj snƒ hAdÙÁsj mfuGbf jsv slb sp sjfb djYcsj k]fv zQwD ²¿fib jsv bf. ksh
snƒ hAdÙÁsj [mf jsvb bf, pfv dbu Hfƒsqv nfsK dhsäN Kfsj; ˆƒ lcƒ hAdÙÁv ubA
(dIdvñfv …sÜswA) dkdb hstb, …Hsqv dmtb bf rWqf ipG§À Wslvsj zhjfw lfW.
…Hsqv dmtb bf rWqf ipG§À Wslvsj zhjfw lfW.« (mcndtm 2565 bQ, iamcJ)
zkˆh sjht 12ƒ vhD…t zfWqft mDtfl ifE W bfbf iajfv ifbsHfusbv mfLAsm
bhDdlhsnv zfb¦l …{nh jsv bq; hvQ k]fv ncâk smfkfshj k]fv u¦mdlb iaskAj
snfmhfsv (ˆhQ zbcv™i hxr±idkhfsv) svfpf svsJ (bf sJsq) bhD -ˆv mrêk iajfw
jvsk rsh. zfmfslv snƒ hAdÙÁv mskf öfKGiv rWqf …dyk bq, sp bhDv rfstfqf
JfWqfv dlsb sjht rfstfqf hfdbsq Jfq. dj§Â bhDv durfsl l]fk HfÌst rfstfqf
sJsqdYstb. zKy ˆ l]fk HfÌfv shtfq sbƒ, ðLc rfstfqf JfWqfv shtfq zfsY! k]fv
 348
ncâfr iftb jvfv shtfq sbƒ, k]fv u¦mdlsb zfb¦l jvfv shtfq zfsY. ‰ jcn§Àfbslv
mskf, pfvf mfkxHdÙÁv idvyq dlsk `mfkxdlhn' iftb jsv ˆhQ hxÝfwasm dosq dI hYv
mfkfsj ic°i²Àhj dbshlb jsv zfsn!
Wvf sp dlsb bhD-dlhn iftb jsv 12ƒ vhD…t zfWqft, sndlsb mrfbhD svfpf
iftb jsvbdb. dkdb kf jvstW mDtflDslv ubA iaydtk `„sl mDtflcâfhD' iftb jvf
dhsLq rskf bf, hvQ dhsLq rskf snƒ svfpf iftb jvfƒ.
pdl smsbƒ dbƒ sp, mDtflcâfhD iftb jsv vfnCst jfvDm snfmhfv svfpf iftb
jsvdYstb, kfrst kfv zKG rt, iadk nåfsr „sl mDtflcâfhD iftb jvsk rsh.
spJfsb mrfbhD hYsv 51/52de mDtflcâfhD iftb jsv sostb, snJfsb mfÛ 1de
mDtflcâfhD sjb?
ˆef dj wvDqskv …iv of-sufvfdm bq?
ˆef dj rfuD-icjsc vv ltDt sldJsq ofuD-icjcv lJt jvfv mskf jfu bq?
ˆef dj h…sqv dbjfr-bfmf sldJsq wftDsj dbsq nQnfv jvfv mskf jfà bq?
mrfbhD -ˆv u¦mdlb iftb jsv k]fv iadk Hfstfhfnfv idvyq slWqfv …sÜwA rst
k]fv zfslw-dbsNL iftb jsv Hfstfhfnf iajfw jvfv mCtA zsbj shdw. k]fv ncâfr
iftb jsv iaskAj snfm W hxr±idkhfv svfpf svsJ JcwD jvfv mpGflf zsbj shdw.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٣١) { H< O
3 B < YK ©5 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK /: 11‫ ذ‬H4 JK !5 4 Y3 “4 V: ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬1HJK 43 +
4 V1 R3 1 3 IB 5 :*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬2+
3 I1 H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A 4 6K }
ht, `skfmvf pdl zfïfrsj Hfthfn, kfrst zfmfv zbcnvB jv. Ist zfïfr
skfmfslvsj Hfthfnshb ˆhQ skfmfslv zivfLnmCr [mf jvshb. h²Âk} zfïfr
zkA§À [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.' (‚st ƒmvfb } 31)
f(‫( א‬٧) {3$ n5 3 !ْ ‫ א‬1&V3&: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ א و‬X1 b: 5 1*S4 : H4 PK X: : 8: ‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1Wž 1 5 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬1HPK I:- 8: ‫و‬: }
vnCt skfmfslvsj pf slb, kf skfmvf oarB jv ˆhQ pf rsk skfmfslvsj dbsNL
jsvb, kf rsk dhvk Kfj. skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv. dbÇyq zfïfr wfd²À lfsb jsEfv.
(rfwXv } 7)
(١) {H< 3: Š< '3 : :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫@ א‬c:&V: :74 /: ‫ א‬81 M&n5 I1 !5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
ªsr mc'dmboB! zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv nfmsb skfmvf sjfb dhNsq zoaBD rsqf bf ˆhQ
zfïfrsj Hq jv, dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGÎ.« (ùucvfk } 1)
vnCt iadk snfmhfv svfpf svsJ mDtflcâfhD iftb jsvsYb. nckvfQ pdl sj… snƒ
ltDt siw jsv hYsv ˆjhfv dhkdjGk 12ƒ vhD…t zfbs¦lf{nh jsv, kfrst dj ˆ
dhNsq vnCt -ˆv nfmsb zoaBD rWqf rt bf? zfïfrv Hq sjfKfq Kfjt? `Hq
jdvhfv wdÙÁ lfW lqfmq.'
(8) ƒhsb zfêfn hstb, mrfbhD pJb mÄf sKsj druvk jsv mlDbfq ˆstb,
kJb slJstb, ƒqfùlDvf zfwCvfv dlsb svfpf iftb jvsY. dkdb kfslvsj duÎfnf
jvstb, ªˆef jD ˆmb dlb sp, skfmvf ˆ dlsb svfpf vfJY?« ƒqfùlDvf htt, `ˆ
ˆj …Ùm dlb. ˆ dlsb zfïfr hfbD ƒnvf„tsj kfslv wÛ¢ sKsj idvÛfB dlsqdYstb.
349
kfƒ mCnf ˆvƒ jxkÎkf Îfisbv …sÜswA ˆƒ dlsb svfpf iftb jsvdYstb. (zfv snƒ
ubAƒ zfmvfW ˆ dlsb svfpf svsJ Kfdj.)'
ˆ jKf ðsb mrfbhD htstb, ªmCnfv n¹xdk iftb jvfv hAfifsv skfmfslv yfƒsk
zfdm zdLj rjlfv.« nckvfQ dkdb ‰ dlsb svfpf vfJstb ˆhQ njtsj svfpf vfJsk
zfslw dlstb. (hcJfvD 2004, mcndtm 1130bQ)
hcUf sot, mcdÙÁv mskf dbqfmskv ðjvfbf zflfsqv ubA sjfb dlbsj dbdlGóHfsh
iftb jvf pfq. mrfbhD -ˆv zfomb zfmfslv ubA hV dbqfmk, kfƒ k]fv
zfomsbv dlsb ðjdvqf ufbfsk mDtflcâfhD iftb jvst slfN sjfKfq?
…Ùv } ‰ ˆjƒ jKf. svfpf svsJ ðjdvqf zflfq dhsLq. zfb¦l-…{nh jsv bq.
kfYfVf mrfbhD mCnf bhDv u¦mdlb iftb jsvbdb. nckvfQ kfskW mDtflcâfhDv
ltDt sbƒ.
pdl idvÛfsBv dlb iftb jvfv mskf sjfb bhDv u¦mdlb iftb jvf dhsLq rskf,
kfrst dbÇyq mrfbhD zfwCvfv mskf snƒ dlbsjW iftb jvskb hf jvfv dbslGw
dlsq spskb.
dkdb hstsYb,
ªufâfskv dbjehkGDjfvD ˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj jvsk
zfslw jdvdb ˆhQ ufrfâfsmv dbjehkGDjfvD ˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm
skfmfslvsj jvsk dbsNL jdvdb.« (rfsjm 2/5, dntdntfr nrDrfr 7/67)
ªzfdm ˆmb sjfb dudbn skfmfslvsj zfslw jvsk hfl dlƒdb, pf skfmfslvsj
shsrsñv dbjehkGD ˆhQ slfpJ sKsj lCv jvsk ifsv ˆhQ ˆmb sjfb dudbn
skfmfslvsj dbsNL jvsk hfl dlƒdb, pf skfmfslvsj slfpsJv dbjehkGD W shsrñX
sKsj lCv jvsk ifsv.« (hfƒrfj¶Dv ðzfhct „mfb 7/299, mcnf¶ âfI ƒhsb zfhD wfƒhfr)
ªˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj zfslw jdvdb, zKy zfïfr
skfmfslvsj kf zfslw jsvsYb ˆhQ ˆmb sjfb dudbn sbƒ, pf zfdm skfmfslvsj
dbsNL jdvdb, zKy zfïfr skfmfslvsj kf dbsNL jsvsYb.« (hfƒrfj¶D 7/76)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªzfmfv iCshG sp bhDƒ dYstb, k]fv lfdqk¶ dYt sp, dkdb
k]fv …©mksj snƒ jfu hfkst slshb, pf dkdb kfslv ubA jtAfBmq ufbshb ˆhQ
kfslvsj snƒ jfu sKsj nkjG jvshb, pf dkdb kfslv ubA zjtAfBmq ufbshb.«
(mcndtm, zfrmfl 2/191)
zbA ˆj hBGbfq zfsY, dkdb hstsYb, ªiaskAj bhDv ubA uv¢vD sp, dkdb
k]fv …©mksj snƒ jfu hfkst slshb, pf dkdb kfslv ubA nhsysq Hfstf hst
ufbshb.« (zft-ƒrjfm 1/90)
nckvfQ ˆ jKf jDHfsh dhw¶fn jvf pfq sp, mDtflcâfhD iftb jvf Hfstf zfmt ˆhQ
kf nhGswaô „l. zKy dkdb …©mksj sn hAfifsv sjfb dbslGw dlsq sostb bf. iv§Â
dkdb nkjG jsv sostb, `bh-vdyk jmGfhtD sKsj lCsv Kfsjf. bh-vdyk jmG dhlzfk.
iaskAj dhlzfk ëókf. zfv iaskAj ëókf ufrfâfsmv iK.'
(9) zfbfn hstb, bhD bhczskv iv dbsuv i[ sKsj zfjDjf jsvsYb.
 350
(hfƒrfj¶D 19056, k¶fhfvfbDv zfWnfk¶ 994bQ)
zKy ˆ jKfW hdBGk zfsY sp, k]fv lflf zfèct mcÙf¶ dth k]fv us¦mv nåm dlsb
zfjDjf jsvsYb. zfv zfjDjf hfvhfv jvf rq bf. nckvfQ hcUf pfq sp, bhD
ðjdvqf Îfisbv ubAƒ icbhGfv dbsuv kvI sKsj zfjDjf jsvdYstb. spsrkc mrfb
zfïfr k]fsj `vfrmfkct dtt-zftfmDb' v™si lcdbqfq ifdEsqdYstb. spmb dkdb
dbsuv …iv lv™l iVskb. htf hfùtA, zfmfslvW snƒ ðjdvqf iajfw jvf jkGhA, sp
ðjdvqf dkdb Îfib jsvsYb. zfmfslvW ubA dhsLq k]fv u¦mdlsb snƒ ðjdvqf
iajfw jvf, lfb-Jqvfk jvf, zfsvf zbA ƒhflk jvf.
zfuh ltDt mDtflDslv!
dj§Â ˆ jKf dj iamfdBk sp, ufsrtD pcso zfjDjf---kfW zfhfv us¦mv nåm dlsb
dhsLq dYt? zfèct mcÙf¶ dth bhD -ˆv kvI sKsj sp zfjDjf jsvdYstb, kfW dj
nrDrHfsh iamfdBk?
zk}iv ufsrtD pcsov snƒ zfmt dj ƒntfsm oBA rsqsY? bfdj bhD sp zfjDjf
dlsqsYb kf zfnst ufsrtD pcsov zfjDjf oBA bq hst dlsqsYb? kfrst k]fv sn
zfjDjf ðjdvqf Îfisbv ubA dYt bf. dhLfq kf mDtflcâfhDv ltDtspfoA bq.
zfv ðjdvqf öv™i dYt smsb dbsq sn jfu mDtflcâfhDv ltDt msb jvstW dj
zfnst kf ltDt rsk ifsv?
dkdb uDhsb ˆjhfv zfjDjfv ˆjde hf lcde Yfot pshr jsv ðjdvqf zflfq jvst
zfmfslv ubA dj iaskAj hYv mDtflcâfhDv …{nh-…lXpfib jvf dhsLq rsk ifsv?
mf zfsqwf (vfdp¶qfïfù zfbrf) hstb, bhD vfdÛv ˆjfQsw (bfmfsp) ˆk lDOG[B
djqfm jvskb sp, kf]v if Icst Ifefv …iÛÁm rsq iVk. ˆjlf zfdm kf]sj httfm,
`sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb ˆk jó nrA jvsYb sjb? zKy zfibfv skf iChG W isvv
ÈbfrnmCrsj [mf j'sv slWqf rsqsY.' dkdb htstb,
.« ‫א‬Q JK : ‫א‬Q&4 : 1‫ ن‬PK 5 5 5 5 K f: s3 : V: »
ªzfdm dj ðjvÈpfv hf¦lf rh bf?« (hcJfvD 7304, mcndtm 4837bQ)
dkdb vfdÛv ˆjfQw suso ƒhflk jsv zfïfrv ðjdvqf zflfq jsvsYb, kfrst
zfmfslvW dj snƒ ðjdvqf iajfswv ubA mDtflcâfhD iftb jvsk rsh?
ˆ nh sjfbX swaBDv ltDt? ˆ nh zfnst ‰ rfuD-icjcsvv ltDt sldJsq ofuD-icjcv
lJt jvfv mskf ltDt.
mDtflcâfhD iftb jvf pdl …©mskv ubA dhsLqƒ rskf, kfrst dkdb dj ˆ msmG sjfb
dbslGw dlsq spskb bf? spmb dkdb „lct dIk¶Xv, „lct zfprf, ucmzfv „l, zfvfIfk
W kfwvDsjv „slv hAfifsv dbslGw dlsq sosYb, skmb dbslGw dlsq sost dj ˆmb bjt
ltDstv iasqfub iVk?
dkdb dj kfrst dbslGw dlsk Hcst sosYb, bfdj sofib jsv sosYb?
zfïfrv jnm! j[bƒ kf bq. zfnst `mfbcN rt nhGfdLj dhkjG-diaq.' (jfrI } 54)
(10) jcvzfsb zfsY, „nf dbsuv u¦mdlsb nftfm hf wfd§Àv jKf hstsYb. zfv
kfv mfsb u¦mdlb iftb jvf pfsh.
351
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
HV 8 " (٣٣) { ¨ O: 1¢: /4 K :‫م‬4 V: ‫و‬: 1U 81 5 :‫م‬4 V: ‫و‬: 2U&3!‫و‬1 :‫م‬4 V: BR5 : 1‫ م‬5 B !‫א‬:‫}و‬
zKGf{, zfmfv iadk wfd§À, spdlb zfdm u¦m tfH jsvdY W spdlb zfmfv mxkcA rsh
ˆhQ spdlb zfdm uDdhk zh²¿fq icbv¢dÚk rh.' (mfvqAfm }33)
ˆefW mDtfslv sjfb ltDt bq. jfvB iaKmk} „nf -ˆv wvDqk zfmfslv
wvDqk bq.
däkDqk} kfsk u¦mdlb iftb jvfv jKf htf rqdb. kfsk u¦mdlsb lczf jvfv
jKfW htf rqdb. zfnst kfsk pf htf rsqsY, kf rt ˆƒ }-
mcIfnXdnv k¶fhfvD (v}) hstsYb, `zfmfv iadk wfd§À---' zKGf{, spdlb zfdm u¦moarB
jdv, sndlsb zfïfrv i[ sKsj wqkfb W kfv twjv sKsj zfmfv ubA dbvfiÙf,
pfsk kfvf snƒ [dk bf jvsk ifsv, sp [dk zbAfbA nlA-HCdmô dwðslv j'sv Kfsj
ˆhQ sJ]fyf smsv Kfsj. sndlsbW y[c-lwGsbv Hqfhrkf sKsjW zfmfv dbvfiÙf, spdlb
zfdm mxkAc hvB jvh. ˆhQ spdlbjfv Hqfbj zh²¿f lwGsb stfsjvf zfkdËk rsh,
icbv¢Úfsbv dlsbv snƒ zfkË sKsjW zfmfv dbvfiÙf. (kInDv k¶fhfvD 18/193)
mcIfnXdnv jcvkchD (v}) hstb, `spsrkc k]fv dkb zh²¿f } lcdbqfv uosk uDdhk
zh²¿f, jhv uosk mxk zh²¿f ˆhQ zfsJvfskv uosk icbv¢dÚk zh²¿f. ˆƒ dkb
zh²¿fskƒ k]fsj dbvfiÙf slWqf rsqsY.' (kInDv jcvkchD 11/105)
ƒhsb jfNDv (v}) hstb, `k]fv i[ sKsj ˆ jKfv iamfB sp, dkdb zfïfr zfpXpf
zufïfv hf¦lf. dkdb zfïfrv nxdóv ˆj nxdó, dkdbW nfvf nxdóv mskf uDhb LfvB
jvshb, mfvf pfshb ˆhQ icbv¢dÚk rshb. ksh k]fv ubA snƒ nh zh²¿fq wfd§À W
dbvfiÙf Kfjsh, sp nh zh²¿f hf¦lfnmCsrv ubA nhsysq HDNB jdEb iamfdBk rsh.'
(kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv 5/230)
kxkDqk} kfsk mxkAc -dlhn W icbv¢Úfb-dlhsnW nftfsmv jKf htf rsqsY. kfrst
kfW iftb jvf dhsLq Lsv dbsk rsh.
zfnst ˆefW ‰ swaBDv stfsjslv ltDt, pfvf hst jhsvv …iv mndul hfbfsbf pfsh.
jfvB nCvf jfrsIv 21bQ zfqfsk zfnrfsh jfrXsIv hAfifsv htf rsqsY, ªˆHfsh ‚dm
stfsjslvsj kfslv dhNq ufdbsq dltfm, pfsk kfvf Îfk rq sp, ‚ïfrv iadkwa¢dk nkA
ˆhQ djqfmsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ. pJb kfvf kfslv jkGhA dhNsq dbsuslv msLA dhkjG
jvdYt kJb zsbsj htt, `kfslv …iv snZL dbmGfB jv.' kfslv iadkiftj kfslv
dhNsq Hft ufsbb. kfslv jkGhA dhNsq pfslv mk iaht rt kfvf htt, `‚mvf skf
dbÇyqƒ kfslv …iv mndul dbmfGB jvh.« (jfrI } 21)
kfslv mskf ltDt, pfvf hst bfvD-sbkxk¶ rfvfm bq. jfvB mrfb zfïfr jcvzfsb
ˆj sbÛD vfbDv jKf hstsYb, pfv bfm dYt dhtjDn. (nCvf bfmXt)
(11) ˆv isvW mDtflDvf hst, rpvk zfhC hfjXv hstsYb, `sp hAdÙÁ
mDtflcâfhD …its[A ˆj dlvrfm Jvy jvsh, sn ufâfsk zfmfv nÌD rsh.' zbA hBGbf
msk, `nÙv rsÏv nWqfh ifsh.'
rpvk zftD hstsYb, `sp hAdÙÁ mDtflcâfhDsj n©mfb jvsh, sn „mfsbv nfsK
 352
mxkAc hvB jvsh ˆhQ dhbf drnfsh ufâfsk iashw jvsh.'
spb msb rs¤Y mDtflcâfhD bhczk W dJtfIfsk vfswlfr W ƒntfsmv öBGpcso iadnÝ
dYt. zKy mDtfl IfskmDslv bh-zfdh°jk x dhlzfk; spmb iCshGƒ iadkifdlk rsqsY.
kfrst ˆmb …dÙÁ mboVf bq skf jD? mDtflDslv hfbfsbf hstƒ ƒ¤Yfmskf nWqfshv
jKf …sïJ jsv JctfIfsq vfswlDsbv …ÙÁ nfrfhDäsqv bfsm yfdtsq slWqf rsqsY.
ifjf ltDt pJb bf Kfsj, kJb mfbcN sukfv …sÜswA sjfbX ltDt bf siw jsv.
rfuD-icjvc h]fyfsk ofuD-icjcsvv ltDt siw jsv. bjt hf uft ltDt dbsq zfsn. …lGc
iahfsl hst, `Fchsk ùsq sjf dkbsj jf nfrfvf.' mfbcN pJb Fchsk hsn ˆhQ h]fyfv
sjfb znDtf bf ifq, kJb nfmsb JV-jcef Hfnsk slJst kfƒ Lsv h]fyfv syóf jsv.
mDtflDslv snƒ zh²¿f.
mDtflcâfhDv ifÄf hf zfnt ltDt Kfjst j[sbf kfvf ˆƒ swaBDv zyt ltDstv
nfrfvf dbskf bf. zfïfr k]fslvsj drlfqfk jv¢b. zfmDb.

jdh buv¢t W mDtflcâfhD

`slJ zfdmbf mfsqv sjfst
slfst dwð ƒnXtfm slfst
jdy mcsJ wfrflskv
hfBD sn swfbfq..'

`jct-mJXtcsj zfdu L¶db WsE, ªsj ˆt ‰«,

jstmf wfrflskv hfBD sE]fse, ªsj ˆt ‰«,
sJflfv suAfdk} siwfBDsk sIfse, ªsj ˆt ‰«,
zfjfw oar kfvf i'sV tcse--- ªsj ˆt ‰«,
isV lv™l sIsvwXkf, shsrwXsk nh lcqfv sJfst..'

`zfbs¦l ofdrqf sIsv

sIsvwXkf ùv sostmfb ;
ˆstf sj, sj ˆt HCstfsj
lcdbqf lcdtqf …dEt ictsj..
kfiDv hác ifiDv Ûfkf,
Hq-HDk iDdVskv wvB-lfkf,
mCsjv HfNf dbvfwfv zfwf
hAKfq wfd§À, nf§Àb¶ f swfsj---
ˆ ˆt sj sHfsvv zfstfsj..
y¦û nCpAG oar kfvjf nsh
U]sc j i'sV jcdbGw jsv bDvsh.
353
srsv zfdmbfv sjfst
sJflfv nfKD slfst slfst sv..'

`bCsvv ldvqfq dnbfb jdvqf

sj ˆstf mÄfq zfdmbfv sjfst.
IfÈb-iCdBGmf-dbdwsK spmb
zfnmfsbv sjfst vfMf-y]fl slfst..
`sj ˆstf sj ˆstf' ofsr sjfsqdtqf,
ifdiqf hctXhctX …dEt mfdkqf,
oarkfvf U]csj' jdvsY jcdBGw,
ùv-ivD srsn idVsY Tst..
duâfskv zfu sJftf lvWqfuf sisq
sIsvwXkf zfdìqf ˆsnsY sLsq,
krvDmf sh]sL sOfsv lv¢l sosq
lcdbqf etmt, sJflfv zfvw est..
ˆt sv dyv-yfWqf, ˆt zfsJsv-bhD
³nqsl mÄD-mlbD zftX-zfvhD,
bfsut rsq sn-sp ƒqfjck-vfMf sE]fse
wfrflskv hfBD-zfsLf-zfsLf shfst..'

`zfdmbfv sjfst bfsy srst lcst,

dwð bhD zfrml v™siv trv kcst.
vfMf smsOv jfsY „slv y]fl bfsy
spb bfsy sHfsvv zfstf softfh ofsY.
yvsB sHfmvf ÈÓsv ÈtX Hcst..
JcwDv sT… tfso zfwG W jcwDG v ifsw,
rfkkfdt dlsq ùvD nh shsrwXsk rfsn,
ncsJ …sE sj]si lcdbqf yvB-mCst..'

`sJflfv rdhh rstb bfsut sJflfv Ov ‰ jfhfv ifsw.

U]sc j isV zfwG jcwDG , y]fl ncvp k]fq slJsk zfsn..
sHsM isV mCvk md¦lv, tf'k mfbfk, wqkfbD kJXk,
`tf-ƒtfrf ƒïfïfù'v …dEsY kjhDv zfjfsw..
JcwDv m…u kcIfb skfvf slsJ pf mv¢HCsm,
sjfr-ƒ-kCsvv ifKsv zfu shsrwXkD Ict Icse rfsn..'

wasÝq ifEj! ˆ jKf htfv zsi[f vfsJ bf sp, …ÙÁ HdÙÁ-oDk W zfshomq
 354
jdhkfnmCsr ltDtrDb hù kKA idvshdwk rsqsY. jdh buv¢stv dhdHâ hƒ-ic²sÀ j
ˆƒ swaBDv zfsvf jdhkf ifshb k]fv zfdhHGfh W dksvfHfh dhNqj dy§Àf-Inst. nckvfQ
dhw¶fn jvfv zfso nkAsj pfyfƒ jsv sbWqf jkGhA iaskAj mc'dmb-mcndtsmv.

k]fv dikf-mfkf
k]fv dikfmfkfv ubA zsbsj zbKGj iaw´ jsvb, k]fvf ufâfkD, bf ufrfâfmD? ufdb
bf, ˆ iasw´v …Ùv susb k]fslv jD tfH.
p]fvf zfshomq, k]fvf syfJ há jsv htsk ifsvb, k]fvf ufâfkD. k]fvf ƒntfsmv iCshG
dwsjGv zh²¿fq mfvf sosYb htst zsbsj hstb, `k]fslvsj uDdhk jsv mcntmfb jvf
rsqdYt. Ist k]fvf ufâfkD.'
ltDt Kfjst skf snefƒ mb}iCk swN Ifqnftf rskf. dj§Â k]fv ltDt sjfKfq?
mfkxosHG Kfjsk dikf mfvf pfb. Yq hYv hqn rst mfkf ƒd§Àjft jsvb. kfvf
ƒntfsmv nmqjft ifbdb. kfrstW dj k]fvf slfND rshb?
ƒ¤Yfmq zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf jD, kf sj htsh? ƒhafrDm bhDv dikf ufrfâfmD. jk syóf
jsvW h]fyfsk ifvshb bf. zfmfslv bhDv dikfmfkf jD? sn iasw´v …Ùsv sjht lc'de
rflDn siw jvh. hfjD ƒtXm nhGÎ zfïfrv dbje.
zfïfrv vnCt ˆjhfv mfsqv jhv dpqfvsk sostb. nsÌ djYc nfrfhfW dYstb.
snJfsb si]ZsY dkdb sj]sl …Estb. nfrfhfoB j]flfv jfvB duÎfnf jvst dkdb htstb,
zfdm zfïfrv dbje zf©mfv (zfêfv) jhv dpqfvskv ˆhQ ƒd²ÀoIfsvv ([mf iafKGbf
jvfv) zbcmdk yfƒtfm, dj§Â zfïfr zfppf zufïX k]fslv ubA ƒd²ÀoIfsvv zbcmdk
dlstb bf. (mcndtm 2303bQ)
htf rq sp, k]fv …iv jcvzfsbv zfqfk zhkDBG rt,
H4 X1 !5 :7B :I: 8: 3&4 /: 738 /:4 6K R3!‫و‬4 K ْ‫ א‬1 P5 4 !5 ‫و‬: : P3 @ f4 '1 ْ !3 ْ‫وא‬1 Y3 “4 b:4 V: ‫ن‬5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬MR3 SB !3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: }
/ b!‫( " א‬١١٣) {@H + 3~ : !ْ ‫ א‬1$ + :, 4 5 H4 X1 B5
zKGf{, zQwDhflDslv ubA [mf iafKGbf jvf bhD W dhw¶fnDslv ubA nÌk bq; pdlW
kfvf zfk¹Dqƒ srfj bf sjb, kfslv jfsY ˆjKf nc±ió rWqfv iv sp, kfvf ufrfâfsmv
zdLhfnD. (kfWhfr } 113)
zfïfrv vnCt ˆv msb iaw´ ufot sp, ƒhafrDm skf k]fv dikfv ubA (mcwdvj
rWqf nsÙ¶W) ƒd²ÀoIfv jsvdYstb. zfïfrv kvI sKsj …Ùv ˆt,
B‫@ن‬A 1*S4 83 5 B :I: 3*’ !3 ‫و‬À 1&: 1*B5 1*!5 :7B:I: 'B 5 5 1• VB @A \: :&: ‫و‬: "N :&3 4 8B 7: >?@A 3* /3 5‚!3 :H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A 1 Y5 “4 b3 4 ‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
/ b!‫( " א‬١١٤) { H< 3O
: •< ‫א‬B‫ و‬:H \3 ‫א‬: /4 @A
ªƒhafrDm k]fv dikfv ubA [mf iafKGbf jsvdYt ˆhQ kf (ƒd²ÀoIfv) kfsj slWqf
zfïfrv ˆjde iadkwa¢dkv ubA n©Hh rsqdYt. zk}iv pJb ˆ kfv dbje nc±ió rt
sp, sn zfïfrv wÛ¢, kJb ƒhafrDm kfv n©isjG dbdtGå rsq sot. dbÇyq ƒhafrDm dYt
sjfmt r™lq W nrbwDt.« (kfWhfr } 114, kInDv ƒhsb jfNDv 2/393)
355
ˆjlf ˆj hAdÙÁ iaw´ jvt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfmfv (mxk) dikf sjfKfq (ufâfsk
bf ufrfâfsm)?' dkdb htstb, ªufrfâfsm.« zk}iv sn pJb (mb Jfvfi j'sv) dIsv
spsk tfot, kJb dkdb kfsj sFsj htstb,
.« @ SB!‫ א‬3 5g /:5 ‫و‬: /3 5 B‫@ن‬A »
ªzfmfv dikf ˆhQ skfmfv dikf ufrfâfsm.« (mcndtm 521bQ, û} dn} nrDrfr 2592bQ)

jdkiq zdHspfo W kfv uhfh

zdHspfo, `hkGmfb ufmfbfq stfj vfnCtcïfr -ˆv wfb W mfb jmfhfv ubA
zflfut sJsq stsosY. kfslv ƒntfsmv lfdh W mcntmfbD bfm sjfb jfsuƒ zfnsh
bf. kfvf hst Kfsj---dkdb ˆjub mrf mfbh, bf dkdb zdk mfbh, bf mfbhDq lcht G kf
rsk mcÙÁ. ƒkAfjfv hù jKf hst Kfsj W dtsJ Kfsj.'
`ˆvf (lcwmsb vfnCt) pJb vfnCtcïfr -ˆv nfbf dnIk slsJ, kfpDm W kfjXvDsmv
jKf ðsb, jcvzfb W rflDsn k]fv ÈBfÈB …sïJ slsJ kJb kfslv y[c jifst …sE
pfq W hst Kfsj ˆef dhlzfk, ˆef dwjG.' (bCsv mcufnXnfm 67-68ix})
`vnCstv lcwmbvf ˆƒ nm²À ³hdwóAsj ˆsj ˆsj zöDjfv jsv ystsY. kfslv
…sÜwA k]fv wfb W mfb tfOh jvf ˆhQ k]fsj dhsw¶v y[csk srq jvf.' (‰ 224ix})
nCID-dhsvfLDvf vnCstv lcwmb sjb rsh? `dkdb bCsvv ³kdv bq' htst k]fv n©mfsbv
sjfbX [dk rq? kfvf dhw¶fn jsv bf ˆƒ ubA sp, kfv sjfb nrDr ltDt sbƒ. k]fv
zdkdvÙÁ n©mfb yfq bf, kf bq. nrDr ltDst pdl Kfjk, k]fv sjwlfm vÙÁvfomdB
sKsj, y[c iahft sKsj, bfdnjf öBG sKsj, jBG rDvf sKsj, l§À svZiA sKsj nxdó rsqsY,
suAf{n´fv nfsK y¦lb mfdJsq vMLbc sKsj vM ˆsb k]fv ofsq mfJfsbf rsqsY, kfrst
kfvf wkJcwDv nfsK dhw¶fn jvk. zfbs¦lv nfsK sn nh ³hdwóA hBGbf jvk. spmb k]fv
slsrv Ofm nhGswaô zfkv dYt, k]fv KcKc, hAhr™k ifdb ƒkAfdlsk hjGk W zfsvfoA dYt,
ˆ nh jKf hqfb jsv Kfsj.
pdl sj… hst, `zfmfv bhD ixdKhDv njt HfNf ufbskb, hfQtfW ufbskb.' kfrst
zfrst ncâfrv kf dhw¶fn jvsk sjfb hfLf dYt bf, pdl kfv sjfb ltDt Kfjk. spmb
nctfƒmfb bhD ifdJ W di]isVv HfNf hcUskb hst kfvf dhw¶fn jsv, jfvB kfv
ltDt zfsY. (nCvf bfmXt } 16)
zfrst ncâfr vnCstv lcwmb bq, dwjG W zdkvÓsbv lcwmb. sp dwjG W zdkvÓb
jvsk mrfbhD dbsNL jsv sosYb. zfrst ncâfr nrDr ncâfrv zbcnfvD. pfvf p]fv
ncâfrv zbcnfvD, kfvf k]fv lcwmb rq jD jsv? ˆef dj ±ió zihfl bq?
smsb dbtfm nCIDvf zfswsj vnCt, vnCstv hV HÙÁ. HdÙÁ Kfjf Hfstf, dj§Â
záHdÙÁ Hfstf bq. zfv nfLfvBk} `zdk HdÙÁ syfsvv t[B' rq.
zfsvf zdHspfo sp, `WqfrXrfhD lt k]fv iadk drQnf-dhsäsNv hwhkGD rsq k]fsj
stfj y[csk srq jvfv mfbsn mboVf W jf¬idbj ltDt (?) äfvf iayfv jsv ystsY
 356
sp, dkdb mfdev nxdó, dkdb ˆjub nfLfvB mfbcN, dkdb zdk mfbh bb ˆhQ mfbhDq
lcht G kf rskW mcÙÁ bb, dkdb bCsvv nxdó bb ˆhQ bCvD hfwfvDW bb.' (‰ 16ix})
lCv Yfƒ! bhDv iadkW zfhfv sj… drQnf jsv? WqfrfhD-dhsäND YfVf zfhfv zbA
sj… ˆƒ swaBDv rfnAjv zihfl kfslv iadk zfsvfi jvsk ifsv?
ÎfbD ifEj! zfidb dbÇyq t[A jvshb, jfslv ltDt mboVf W jf¬idbj? ˆ
spb …¬ef syfv oxr²¿sj F]fse! zfvhDsk hst,
.94 > : 4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬X: s3‫א‬:&/3 R4 S3b48: :
jfslv ltDt jcvzfb-rflDn nmxÝ? zfv jfslv ltDt mfWqfdrhct tflcdâqfr,
vWpfkct zfrhfh, pfJfsqv ƒkAfdl mDtflD oa§¿?
mDtflD djkfshv znQJA jf¬idbj jfdrbDÈstf sjfbX rflDsn hdBGk rsqsY? ˆ nh
dhkdjGk zfshoD dhNqnmCsr jsh `ƒumf' (nhGhfdln©mdk hf ‰jmkA) rsqsY? bfdj
ˆjde ufmfzfskv jsqjde zfstsmv sjfb dhNsq ‰jAmk rstƒ `ƒumf' rsq pfq?
wfqJ mcrf©mfl dhb zfèct WqfrXrfh (v})ˆv dhv¢sÝ ˆjde zdHspfo, `sj… sj… ˆ
zfjDlf sifNB jsv sp, vfnCtcïfr rfqfkcâhD (?) bb. dkdb msv mfde rsq doqfsYb.
h²Âk} ˆef k]fv iadk kfslv drQnf W dhsäsNv hdr}iajfw YfVf zfv djYcƒ bq.
`djkfhck kfWrDsl' mcrf©ml ƒhb zfèct WqfrXrfh bulD dtsJsYb sp, jfsqn ƒhb
nfqfl rsk hdBGk zfsY; dkdb hstsYb } zfdm `duvf' wrsv sotfm; slJsk sitfm
stfjub kfslv sbkfsj dnuXlf jsv. zfdm httfm, sr zfïfrv vfnCt! zfidbƒ dnulf
ifhfv zdLjkv spfoA hAdÙÁ. dkdb htstb } pdl kcdm zfmfv jhsvv ifw dlsq pfW,
kcdm dj zfmfsj slJsk ifsh; kcdm dj (kfsj) dnuXlf jvsh? zfdm httfm, bf. dkdb
htstb } skfmvf (kf) jsvf bf. (zfhC lf†l) skfmvf t[A jv bhD jvDm dbu
jhsv mfde rsq Kfjshb hst dnulf bf jvfv Wuv siw jvstb.
ncâD ufmfqfskv zfdtmoB kfv …dÙÁv uhfsh hstb } sr mftf…b! dj iajfsv kcƒ
`zfmfv jhv' zKG dkdb k]fv jhsv mfde rsq Kfjsh jvdt; kcƒ vfnCtcïfr -ˆv iadk
znkAfsvfi jvdt. k]fv nìsá ˆ iajfv Lxókf ialwGb jvdYn? kcƒ dj k]fv ˆ rflDn
ðdbnX db---ªdbÇyqƒ zfïfr pmDsbv ubA bhDosBv slr H[Bsj rfvfm jsv dlsqsYb
ˆhQ zfïfrv bhDoB du¦lf, k]fslvsj dvdpj slqf rsq Kfsj.« (‰ 109ix})
diaq ifEj! zfidb pdl wfqJ bfulD (v})ˆv hƒ isV Kfsjb, kfrst ufbshb sp,
djkfhck kfWrDl hf zbA sjfb djkfsh ‰ swaBDv sjfb jKf sbƒ. hvQ …ÙÁ m§ÀhA skf
lCv jD hfk, k]fv sjfb icd²Àjfq zfmvf …ÙÁ rflDnƒ …dïdJk sitfm bf. nckvfQ ufdb
bf, bCsv mcufnXnfm-Wqftfv ˆef `nsIl zihfl' dlsq ofsqv Uft UfVf dj bf.
zfhC lf†slv …ÙÁ rflDnde dbm´v™i }-
‫ن‬4 5 2ZO
: 5 3*> !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : 19ْ nK 5 H4 X1 !5 ‫ ٍن‬/:‫ز‬1 4 ': !3 :‫ون‬1&~
1 4 V: H4 X1 b1V4 5 : 5 "5 •
:+3 !ْ ‫ א‬194 I:5 :‫ ل‬65 N&4 : @7/4 @•4 65 74 :
‫ ٍن‬/:‫ز‬1 4 ': !3 :‫ون‬1&~
1 4 V: H4 X1 b1V4 5 : 5 "5 •
:+3 !ْ ‫ א‬194 I:5 RM@A 19ْ nK 5 :H> : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : 1*> !‫> א‬,
: BR3 SB!‫ א‬194 I:5‚5 :‫ ل‬65 1*!5 :&~
: 4 V1
19ْ 6K :‫ ل‬65 ‫؟‬1*!5 1&~
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٢١٤٠ ( ‫ ) د‬MZ+
: !ْ ‫ א‬74 83 B7X@ 4 5 : H4 X1 !5 1*> !‫א‬
zbchfslv nfsK dmdtsq slsJ dbb, `uDvf' bq `rDvf' wrv.
9V ˆv zbchfl jvf rsqsY, `kcdm dj zfmfsj slJsk ifsh?' zKy kfv kuGmf
rsh hV 8 (skfmfv jD vfq?) hf R ¡; (zfmfsj ht.)
ƒmfm mcrf©mfl dhb zfèct WqfrXrfh (v}) ‰ rflDn ufbskb, pfsk htf rsqsY,
ªdbÇyqƒ zfïfr pmDsbv ubA bhDosBv slr H[Bsj rfvfm jsv dlsqsYb.«
dkdb k]fv `mfumczfkct rflDn zftf zfhWqfdht dIjXr' bfmj ic²sÀ jv 1579
bìsv …ÙÁ rflDn …sïJ jsvsYb.
htf hfùtA, `skfmvf t[A jv bhD jvDm dbu jhsv mfde rsq Kfjshb hst
dnulf bf jvfv Wuv siw jvstb.'---ˆ …dÙÁ k]fv bfsm dmKAf zihfl dlsq tfbk
jvf YfVf djYc bq. `kcƒ-skfjfdv' jsv ˆjub zfstsmv zn©mfb ialwGb Lxókf ³h
zfv jD rsk ifsv?
zdHspfo, mcrf©ml ƒhb zfèct WqfrXrfshv …dÙÁv zbcv™i …dÙÁ ƒnmf„t
slrXtHDv `kfjHDqfkct „mfsb' vsqsY } zfdmW ˆjdlb msv mfdesk dmsw pfh.
(ˆef rflDsnv …lGc kuGmf hst zbcdmk rq zKy ˆ msmG sjfb rflDnƒ sbƒ.)
wasÝq ifEj! zfmfslv jfsY sp `kfj¶dhqfkct „mfb' …lGc icd²Àjf vsqsY, kfv 92
ixôfq ‰ dnulfv rflDsnv hAfJAfq stJf zfsY,
RP •&~ 8 X/ P ‫ –ن‬L 8 &( ‫© ش‬- P \ U RX/ 8 ‫ دن‬hV‫ * א‬hV‫ א‬¥ V
.R\ ‫ ? زوאل‬L ،R\ U‫ ذא‬g / R\‫ و‬I Zs? RP •&~ . P ‫ * \ –ن‬Zs?
zKGf{, ˆjdlb bf ˆjdlb zfdmW mxkcAhvB jsv jhsvv hcsj dosq wqb jvh.
nckvfQ zfdm dnulfv …ipcÙÁ Kfjh bf. dnulfv …ipcÙÁ skf snƒ ifj nÙf, dpdb
zdhbw¶v.
ˆv ifleDjfq stJf zfsY, `zfdìqf-ˆ-djvfsmv slrnmCrsj mxdÙjf H[B jsv bf.
rflDsn zfsY, ªzfïfr kfzftf pmDsbv ubA bhDosBv slr H[Bsj rfvfm jsv
dlsqsYb.« …sÜwA ˆƒ sp, pfsj mxkcA oafn jvsk ifsv, sn dnulfv rjlfv Kfsj bf.'
…ÙÁ icd²Àjfv zfvhD zbchfslv 151 ixôfq ‰ rflDsnv dbsy ‰ ˆjƒ jKf stJf
rsqsY,
U ‫!* א‬v8 ‫ ن‬P 78 ‫ن‬ *S %‫ א‬Rk & 7/ • 6 H ‫ * و‬%‫ א‬, %‫& * ل א‬6‫و‬
.U ® ? cW!‫ א‬Hs‫ א!&א‬R+ ! ‫ن א! ~ د‬A "&~ !‫ א‬Z+b V ? 7 & U ® ¡n!‫ א‬ÄA ••#8‫و‬
zbcv™i hstsYb dmwjfskv HfNAjfv `k¶DhD' (v}),
‫ ? ‘ذא‬LA‫ و‬/ X8 ‫ن‬ª‫ א‬R! &~ I ¼A h ‘ ‫ول‬TV ? *J 8 7 ‫ و‬U ® ? cW!‫ א‬R+ ! ‫ א ~&وא‬c
.*S 9 Sb8‫• א‬8 \ U ,
zKGf{, skfmvf dnulf jv snƒ dyvÓDhsj, dpdb mvB hvB jvshb bf ˆhQ k]fsj, p]fv
 358
vfuk¶ dhtDb rsh bf. spsrkc kcdm ˆJb zfmfv mdrmfv jfvsB W zfmfsj nmDr j'sv
dnulf jvsh, dj§Â pJb zfdm jhsv h¦lD rsq pfh, kJb kcdm kf rsk dhvk rsh.
(dmvj¶fkct mfIfkDr 10/200, zfWbct mf'hCl 6/126)
kfrst `zfdmW ˆjdlb msv mfdesk dmsw pfh'---ˆ jKf sjfKfq vsqsY? ifEj
zfidb dbsuƒ kf dhyfv jv¢b.
`rflDsnv …lGc kuGmf hst zbcdmk rq'. hAfJAfsj sj… rflDn zbcmfb jvskW ifsv.
spmb `bCsv mcufnXnfm'-ˆv 203 ixôfq ˆjde hfjAsj rflDsnv hfQtf kuGmf hst
zbcdmk rq. snJfsb htf rsqsY, `rpvk jf'h-ƒhb-mfdtj (vf) hstsYb }
c ž !‫ ) وא• א‬5h!3:‫ ذ‬1 @ 4 : SBPK ‫و‬: ٍ ': 65 K : Œْ 63 1*X: L
4 ‫و‬: *B5‚P5 1*X1 L
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vfnCtïc fr pJb Jcdw rskb, kJb k]fv syrfvf mchfvj Utmt jvk, ˆmbdj msb
rskf kf ˆj ecjvf y]fl. zfmvf njstƒ kf dybkfm. k]fv mcJmàst ofYiftfv Yfqf
iadkdhdìk rskf.'
zKy svJfdydrÁk wèfhtD rflDsnv zQw bq. dj§Â rflDsnv kuGmfv nfsKƒ ˆjƒ
zbcs¤Ysl ndâshdwk jvf rsqsY!
rflDndev bjstW Hct vsqsY. rflDnde zfnst dbm´v™i,
5h!3:‫ ذ‬1 @ 4 : SBPK ‫و‬: ٍ ': 65 K : Œْ 63 1*X: L
4 ‫و‬: B‫ن‬5‚P5 1*X1 L
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(ˆƒ wèfhtD nrDr mcndtsmv 7192bQ)
rflDsn zfsY, ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv iadk ƒ¤Yfjxk dmKAf zfsvfi jvt, sn spb dbsuv
dEjfbf ufrfâfm hfdbsq dbt.« (hcJfvD 110, mcndtm 3bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv kvI rsk sjfb rflDn hBGbf jsv zKy sn dhÇhfn jsv sp, kf
dmKAf. ksh snW dmKAfhflDslv zbAkm.« (nrDr mcndtsmv HCdmjf, iaHdx k)
rflDsn ˆ jKfW zfsY, ªhf¦lf pJb sjfb djYcsj zdHwfi jsv, kJb sn zdHwfi
zfjfswv iadk …sE pfq. dj§Â kfsj iashw jvsk bf dlsq zfjfswv lvufnmCrsj há
jsv slWqf rq. Ist snJfb rsk kf icbvfq ixdKhDv dlsj sbsm zfsn. dj§Â kfsj
zfnsk bf dlsq ixdKhDv lvufnmCrsjW há jsv slWqf rq. zk}iv kf Ffsb-hfsm
dhyvB jvsk Kfsj. idvswsN sjfb odkiK bf sisq zdHwsåv dlsj dIsv zfsn. dj§Â
(pfsj zdHwfi jvf rsqsY sn) zdHwå (nÌk jfvsB) zdHwfispfoA bf rst kf
zdHwfijfvD ‰ hf¦lfv dlsj dIsv pfq.« (zKGf{, dbsuv jvf zdHwfi dbsusjƒ
stso hsn!) (zfhC lf…l 4905, dntdntfr nrDrfr 1269bQ)
nckvfQ pdl mcrf©mfl dhb zfèct WqfrXrfh (v}) ƒ¤Yfjxk dmKAfsvfi bf jsvsYb,
kfrst zfnst `mft†b' sj rsh, kf ifEj zhwAƒ hcUskƒ ifvsYb. iCshGƒ hstdY,
`djkfhck kfWrDl'-ˆ jxk zdHspfo hkGmfb sbƒ.
iv§Â …ipGÙc Á lcƒ rflDsnv dHdÙsk Wslv rft slJcb. uft rflDn hf mDtflD hƒ sKsj
…Ýxk …dÙÁsj `rflDn' bfm dlsq yfdtsq sp nh ëó zfjDlf nmfsu iayfv jvsY, kfv
idvBfm jk HqËv rsh, kf sHsh slJcb!
zhwA Wvf snnh rflDnsj `uft' hst öDjfvƒ jvsh bf. kf rst skf zf±Iftsbv
359
sofVfƒ jfef spskf.
`zfïfrv JtDIf (?) sp mfbcN, p]fsj sIsvwXkf ipG§À n©mfbfsKG dnuXlf jvstb, k]fsj
kc¤YfsKG W dbsuv zrQ ialwGbfsKG sj nhGiaKm hfwfv htt? sn rstf ƒhtDn tfqDb.
zfïfr kfsj dnuXlf rsk dhvk Kfjfv jfvB dusÎn jvstb. …Ùsv sn htt } zfdm ‰
hfwfvsj n©mfb ialwGbjs¬i (?) dnuXlf dlhfv bƒ pfsj kcdm (sJflf) nxub jvst iyf-
otf rsk jdEb EbEdb mxdÙjf rsk.
jfsuƒ pfvf zfdìqfsq djvfmsj, dhswN jsv vfnCtcïfr -sj k]fslv wfb W mfb
jmfhfv ubA kc¤YfsKG hfwfv hst Kfsj, kfvf rt ƒhtDn tfqDsbv zbcnfvD.' (bCsv
mcufnXnfm 203-204ix})
zflmsj kc¤Y jvfv ubA ƒhtDn kfv bfm `hfwfv' slqdb. hvQ ƒhtDsnv zfso
mrfb naóf zflmsj `hfwfv' hstsYb. t[A jv¢b, dkdb hstsYb,
~(‫( " א‬٢٨) {‫ ٍن‬S14 8B ‘ٍ ': O
: 74 8M ‫ ٍل‬#
: ْ,
: 7M8 ‫א‬Q f: /: Z< !3 ; : RM@A 3 J5 s3 5 ': ْ !3 5h/2: :‫ ل‬65 ‫ذ‬4 @A‫و‬: }
ªn¹vB jv; pJb skfmfv iadkiftj dIdvñfslvsj htstb, `zfdm jfstf iyf ð°j
EbEsb mfde rsk `hfwfv' nxdó jvh. pJb zfdm kfsj ncEfm jvh ˆhQ kfsk zfmfv
v™r nÑfv jvh, kJb skfmvf kfv iadk dnulfhbk rsqf.' kJb dIdvñfoB nhfƒ
ˆjsÛ dnulf jvt. dj§Â ƒhtDn jvt bf. sn dnulfjfvDslv z§ÀHcGÙÁ rsk zöDjfv
jvt. dkdb (zfïfr) htstb, `sr ƒhtDn! skfmfv jD rt sp, kcdm dnulfjfvDslv
z§ÀHÙ Gc Á rst bf?' sn (…Ùsv) htt, `jfstf iyf ð°j EbEsb mfde rsk sp mfbcN kcdm
nxdó jsvY, zfdm kfsj dnulf jvhfv bƒ.« (druXv } 28-33, zbcv™i slJcb } n¶fl 71-76)
zfnst ƒhtDsnv zrQjfvƒ mCt nmnAf dYt. nCID-dhsvfLDslv zrQjfv sbƒ. zfv
kfvf kc¤YfsKGW sjfb bhDsj `hfwfv' hst bf. nckvfQ kfvf ƒhtDn tfqDsbv zbcnfvD
bq. hvQ zfïfr zfpXpf zufïX bhDoBsj `hfwfv' hstsYb, kfƒ kfvfW `hfwfv' hst
Kfsj. zkˆh kfvf mrfb zfïfrvƒ zbcnfvD. zfnst pfvf bhD-vnCt W zfstm-
…tfmfsj dhbf slfsN kc¤Y jsv, oftfofdt jsv, k]fslv iadk dmKAf zdHspfo W zihfl
zfsvfi jsv, kfvfƒ wqkfsbv zbcnfvD.
nCID-dhsvfLDvf dhbf ltDst k]fsj `idvlxwAmfb bCv' hst bf. v™ij hf zftËfdvj
zsKG `bCv' hst. kfrst …imfb W …ismq dj ˆj rt?
pfvf dhbf ltDst hfdktsj rsjv nfsK dmwaB jsv kfvf jD?
mrfb zfïfr hfbD ƒnaf„tsj nsìfLb jsv hstdYstb,
" n !‫( " א‬٤٢) {:‫' ن‬1 5 4 I: H4 b1 5 ‫و‬: BZ+
: !ْ ‫' אْ א‬1 b1Jْ I:‫و‬: @ ¦3 :!ْ /3 BZ+
: !ْ ‫ אْ א‬1 3 ْ I: 5?‫و‬: }
zKGf{, skfmvf nkAsj dmKAfv nfsK dmdwak jsvf bf ˆhQ susb-ðsb nkA sofib jsvf
bf. (hfj¶fvfr } 42)

mcrf©mflcv vfnCtcïfr -ˆv

zdLjfvnmCr
 360
z§Àsv dhw¶fn, mcsJ öDjfv W jfsu idvBk jvfv bfm rt „mfb. kfƒ mcrf©mflcv
vfnCtïc frv pfvf nf[A slq, kfslv …isv mrfbhD -ˆv ˆjfdLj zdLjfv ˆsn hkGfq.
snƒ zdLjfv zflfq jvf kfslv ubA zfhwAj rq. snƒ zdLjfv zflfsqv mfsU k]fv
wfIfzfk tfH W rWsp jWnsvv ifdb ifb jvfv mfLAsm k]fv hjGk zuGsbv snZHfoA
bnDh rsh.
snƒ njt zdLjfv dbm´v™i }-
1. k]fsj zf§Àdvjkfv nfsK ivm nkAhflD hst ufbf, dkdb pf zfbqb jsvsYb, kf
nkA hst dhw¶fn jvf. k]fv iadk dhðÝ „mfb vfJf. mrfb zfïfr dbsuv iadk W k]fv
nfsK k]fv bhDv iadk „mfb zfbf W dhw¶fn ²¿fib jvfv zfslw dlsq hstsYb,
7/ “b!‫( " א‬٨) {• < 3; : :‫ ن‬K ': 4 I: ': /3 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬S:!ْ T: 5 c3W!> ‫ @ א‬S2!‫א‬:‫ و‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 ‫ א‬S183 v5 }
zKGf{, zkˆh skfmvf zfïfr, kf]v vnCt W sp suAfdk zfdm zhkDBG jsvdY, kfsk
dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv. skfmfslv jxkjmG n©isjG zfïfr ndhswN zhdrk. (kfofhcb } 8)
: \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 *1 !5 c3W!> ‫ א‬Q '3 L: H4 JK 4 !5 @A 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: 4 6K }
{:‫ون‬1&b:X4 I: H4 JK > : !5 1• 1 3 IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*I3 ': 3P5 ‫و‬: *3 ’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 c3W!> ‫ א‬MR8M K ‫ א‬MR3 SB!‫ א‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 v5 19 '3 V1 ‫و‬: R3 +
4 V1
zKGf{, ht, `sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslv njstv ubA snƒ zfïfrv (siadvk) vnCt;
dpdb zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmsk¶v zdLjfvD, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb
(nkA) …ifnA sbƒ, dkdbƒ uDdhk jsvb W mxkcA Oefb. nckvfQ zfïfrv iadk W kf]v
vnCt dbv[v bhDv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv; sp zfïfr W kf]v hfBDsk dhÇhfn jsv, ˆhQ
skfmvf kfv zbcnvB jv, pfsk skfmvf iK ifW.' (zf'vfI } 158)
k]fv iadk „mfb zfbfv ncIt hBGbf jsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
:‫ ن‬f1 '4 I: ‫א‬Q 1 H4 JK !> : ~ 4 V: ‫و‬: 3*b3 ': O
4 B 738 7@ 4 5 Yْ P3 H4 JK I3 —4 V1 3*!3 1 : /3 ‫ א‬S183 -:‫ و‬:*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫ א א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
&V&(‫( " א‬٢٨) {H< O 3 B < YK ©5 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK !5 4 Y3 “4 V: ‫و‬: 3*/3
zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ kf]v vnCstv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib
jv; dkdb skfmfslvsj kf]v zbcora däÈB lfb jvshb ˆhQ dkdb skfmfslvsj slshb
zfstf, pfv nfrfspA skfmvf ytfsIvf jvsh ˆhQ dkdb skfmfslvsj [mf jvshb. zfv
zfïfr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (rflDl } 28)
zfv k]fv iadk „mfb bf zfbfv jcIt hBGbf jsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
]bY!‫( " א‬١٣) {‫א‬Q•3 : :7V@ 3 J5 ْ !3 :&4 b:4 5 B@‘5 3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 738—4 V1 H4 !> 7:8‫و‬: }
zKGf{, pfvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv iadk dhw¶fn ²¿fib jsv bf, zfdm snnh
zdhw¶fnDslv ubA zhwAƒ u¶t§À zdo´ ia²k  j'sv svsJdY. (IfkXr } 13)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
5h!3:‫ א ذ‬K : 5 ‫א‬:‫‘@ذ‬5 3*/3 19^4 L
3 ': /3 ‫و‬: /3 ‫ א‬S183 —4 V1 ‫و‬: 1*> !‫@?> א‬A :*!5 @A 5? ‫ن‬4 5 ‫وא‬1&X: f4 V: bBO
: :‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬: I3 65 K ‫ن‬4 5 1U4 83 K »
.« 3*> !‫ א‬5 : H4 X1 /1 : O
3 ‫و‬: X: nq +
: /3 >?@A H4 X1 !5 ‫א‬: 84 5 ‫و‬: H4 \1 : 8: 3‫ د‬SM83 ‫' א‬1 #
::
ªmfbcsNv dhv¢sÝ kk[B nQoafm jvfv ubA zfdm zfdló rsqdY, pk[B ipG§À bf
361
kfvf ˆƒ nf[A slsh sp, zfïfr hAkDk sjfb nkA …ifnA sbƒ ˆhQ zfdm W zfdm pf
zfbqb jsvdY, kfsk „mfb zfbsh. nckvfQ pJb kfvf kf hf²Àhfqb jvsh, kJb
ƒntfmD rj (zKGlà ƒkAfdl) YfVf kfvf dbsuslv ufb-mft zfmfv dbje rsk
ncvd[k j'sv sbsh. zfv (z§Àsvv oHDsv jcIvD hf ifi tcjfsbf Kfjst) kfslv drnfh
zfïfrv dp©mfq.« (mcndtm 135bQ)
nckvfQ dkdb sp mfbh-lfbshv bhD, sn jKf dhw¶fn jvsk rsh. k]fv …iv zhkDBG
djkfhsj dhw¶fn jvsk rsh. dkdb pf hstb, kf nkA hst ufbsk rsh. k]fv zflwGsjƒ
nhGswaô zflwG hst ˆjDb jvsk rsh.
2. k]fv zfbcokA jvf ˆhQ k]fv zhfLAfyvB sKsj lCsv Kfjf.
ˆv zfslw dlsq mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬٢٠) {:‫ ن‬1 ': 4 I: H4 b1 5 ‫و‬: 1*S4 : ‫א‬4 !> : I: 5?‫و‬: 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! skfmvf zfïfr W kfv vnCstv zfbcokA jv ˆhQ (kfv jKf) wahB
jvfv isvW kfv (zfbcokA) rsk mcJ dIdvsq dbsqf bf.« (‚bXIft } 20)
f(‫( א‬٧) {3$ n5 3 !ْ ‫ א‬1&V3&: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ א و‬X1 b: 5 1*S4 : H4 PK X: : 8: ‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1Wž1 5 1‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬1HPK I:- 8: ‫و‬: }
ªvnCt skfmfslvsj pf slb, kf skfmvf oarB jv ˆhQ pf rsk skfmfslvsj dbsNL
jsvb, kf rsk dhvk Kfj. skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv. dbÇyq zfïfr wfd²À lfsb
jsEfv.« (rfwXv } 7)
‫ل ' אن‬- " (٣٢) {:7V@ 3 J5 !ْ ‫ א‬2d+ 3 V1 5? :*’ !‫ א‬B‫‘@ن‬5 ْ‫א‬4 !> : I: ‫ ‘@ن‬:‫ ل‬1 B !‫א‬:‫ و‬:*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 4 6K }
ªht, `skfmvf zfïfr W vnCstv zbcok rW. dj§Â pdl kfvf mcJ dIdvsq sbq, ksh
susb vfJ dbÇyqƒ zfïfr zdhÇhfnD (jfsIv)slvsj Hfthfsnb bf.« (‚st ƒmvfb } 32)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA sKsj dhmcJ rst mfbcN
jfsIv rsq pfq.
&'` " (٣٣) {H4 JK !5 ': 4 5 ‫ א‬K Œ3 4 I1 !5 ‫و‬: :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
ªsr dhw¶fdnoB! skfmvf zfïfrv zfbcokA jv ˆhQ vnCstv zfbcokA jv, zfv
skfmfslv jmGnmCr dhbó jsvf bf.« (mcrf©mfl } 33)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA sKsj dhmcJ rst
mfbcsNv zfmt ià rsq pfq.
(٩٢) {1 3 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫غ‬5 :!ْ ‫ א‬S:!3 1 : 5 : ': B5 ْ‫' א‬1 5 4 5 H4 b14 !> : I: ‫‘@ن‬5 ْ‫وא‬1 :WO
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬:‫ ل‬1 B !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: }
ªskfmvf zfïfrv zbcnvB jv W vnCstv zbcnvB jv ˆhQ nkjG rW. pdl skfmvf
mcJ dIdvsq bfW, ksh susb vfJ sp, ±ió iayfvƒ zfmfv vnCstv jkGhA.« (mfdqlfr } 92)
7/ “b!‫( " א‬١٢) {1 3'1 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ غ‬5 :!ْ ‫ א‬S:!3 1 : 5 : ': B@‘5 H4 b14 !> : I: ‫‘@ن‬5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: }
ªskfmvf zfïfrv zfbcokA jv ˆhQ kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jv. dj§Â pdl skfmvf mcJ
dIdvsq bfW, kfrst zfmfv vnCstv lfdqk¶ wcLc ±ióHfsh iayfv jvf.« (kfofhcb } 12)
‫ ل‬Y ‫( " א‬١) {: S3 83 —4 82 H1bSKP ‫@ن‬A 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5‫و‬: H4 JK S3 4 /3 :U‫א‬:‫ אْ ذ‬+ 1 3,4 5 ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬nK IB 5 }
ªnckvfQ skfmvf zfïfrsj Hq jv ˆhQ dbsuslv msLA nßfh ²¿fib jv; pdl skfmvf
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dhÇhfnD rW, kfrst zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jv.« (‚bXIft } 1)
1•‫و‬2‫د‬1 5 N R4 : R3 H4 b14 ‫ز‬: S:I: ‫‘@ن‬5 H4 JK S38 @ 84 5 ‫ א‬R3!‫و‬4 K ‫و‬: :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V:}
S!‫( " א‬٥٩) {ً V@‫‚ْو‬I: 17: O
4 5 ‫و‬: < 4 ;
: 5h!3:‫; @ ذ‬
3 ª‫م@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*’ ! /3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 I1 H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A @‫ ل‬1 B !‫א‬:‫ و‬3*’!‫! א‬5 @A
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! pdl skfmvf zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn jv, kfrst skfmvf zfïfrv
zbcok rW, vnCt W skfmfslv sbkxhoG (W …tfmf)slv zbcok rW. zfv pdl sjfb
dhNsq skfmfslv msLA mksHl Ose, kfrst sn dhNqsj zfïfr W vnCstv dlsj dIdvsq
lfW. ˆdeƒ rt …Ùm ˆhQ idvBfsm iajóx kv.« (dbnf } 59)
…ÙÁ zfqfk lcde sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA „mfsbv z§ÀHcÙ G Á.
‫ل ' אن‬- " (١٣٢) {:‫' ن‬1 O : 4 I1 H4 JK > : !5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫א‬:‫ و‬:*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: }
ªskfmvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jv, pfsk skfmvf jxiftfH jvsk ifv.«
(‚st ƒmvfb } 132)
--S!‫( " א‬٥٦) {:‫' ن‬1 O : 4 I1 H4 JK > : !5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: "5 P5 TB !‫ א א‬I1-:‫" و‬5 5 #
B !‫' א א‬1 63 5 ‫و‬: }
ªskfmvf pKfpKHfsh bfmfp iV, pfjfk lfW ˆhQ vnCstv zfbcokA jv; pfsk
skfmvf jv¢BfHfub rsk ifv.« (bCv } 56)
…ÙÁ zfqfk lcde sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jvst mrfb
zfïfrv jv¢BfHfub rWqf pfq.
(٤٦) {:7V@ /3 # B !‫ א‬:Š8: :*’ !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A ْ‫وא‬1 3 ,
4 ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK Ò
K @ :d\: W4 I:‫و‬: ْ‫ א‬K f: Yْ b:5 ْ‫ א‬1 ‫ز‬: S:I: 5?‫و‬: 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: }
ªzfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jv W dbsuslv msLA UoVf-dhhfl jsvf bf, jvst
skfmvf nfrn rfvfsh ˆhQ skfmfslv wdÙÁ W iadkidÙ dhtcå rsh. zfv skfmvf ³LpG
LfvB jv; dbÇyq zfïfr ³LpGwDtslv nsÌ Kfsjb.« (‚bXIft } 46)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jsv ˆjkf hufq
vfJst nIt W dhuqD rWqf pfq.
1• 1 Œ3 I1 ‫@ن‬A‫و‬: H4 b1ْ 'M O
1 8B HKJ4 5 : ‫و‬: : 'M O1 8: 3*4 5 : ': B@‘5 ‫ >! א‬: I: ‫‘@ن‬5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א א‬1 ¦3 5 4 6K }
--S!‫( " א‬٥٤) {1 3 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1‫ غ‬5 :!ْ ‫@ >! א‬A @‫ ل‬1 B !‫ א‬5 : 8: ‫و‬: ‫وא‬1&b:X4 I:
ªht, `zfïfrv zfbcokA jv ˆhQ vnCstv zfbcokA jv.' zk}iv pdl skfmvf mcJ
dIdvsq bfW, ksh kfv …iv zdiGk lfdqsk¶v ubA sn lfqD ˆhQ skfmfslv …iv zdiGk
lfdqsk¶v ubA skfmvf lfqD. skfmvf kfv zfbcokA jvst n{iK ifsh. zfv vnCstv
lfdqk¶ skf sjht ±ióHfsh si]ZsY slWqf.« (bCv } 54)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jvst nciK ifWqf
pfq.
5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K ‫و‬: S:4 ¦5 5 ‫و‬: S:4 '3 : ‫! א‬K nK V: ‫ن‬5 H4 X1 S:4 /: :HJK +
4 : !3 3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫! א‬5 @A ‫ א‬1 ‫د‬1 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A : S3 83 —4 '1 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫ل‬4 65 :‫ ن‬P5 ': B@A}
--S!‫( " א‬٥١) {:‫ ن‬+
1 3Yْ '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1H\1
ªpJb dhÇhfnDslvsj kfslv msLA mDmfQnf j'sv slWqfv ubA zfïfr ˆhQ k]fv
vnCstv dlsj zfrhfb jvf rq, kJb kfvf skf sjht ˆ jKfƒ hst, `zfmvf wahB
363
jvtfm W mfbA jvtfm.' zfv Wvfƒ rt nItjfm.« (bCv } 51)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv däLfrDb zfbcokA jvst
nItkf zuGb jvf pfq.
@˜4 V: 7:8‫و‬: H4 \3 @ 84 5 74 83 "K : : ž
3 !ْ ‫ א‬1HX1 !5 :‫ ن‬JK V: ‫ن‬5 ‫א‬Q 84 5 1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1*>!‫ א‬: 65 ‫א‬:‫@ذ‬A N S:83 —4 81 !5 ‫و‬: 7ٍ 83 —4 '1 !3 :‫ ن‬P5 8: ‫و‬: }
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٣٦) { SQ 3 82 !ً 5 k : Bk : &4 n5 5 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*> !‫א‬
ªzfïfr W k]fv vnCt sjfb dhNsq dbslGw dlst sjfb dhw¶fnD icv¢N djQhf dhw¶fnD bfvDv
sn dhNsq dHâ dnÝfs§Àv zdLjfv Kfjsh bf. sj… zfïfr ˆhQ k]fv vnCstv zhfLA rst
sn skf ±ióƒ iKëó rsh.« (‚rXpfh } 36)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zhfLAfyvB jvst HDNBHfsh
iKëó rsk rq.
--S!‫( " א‬٦٣) {H< !35 $ < ‫א‬:W: H4 X1 : #
3 V1 ‫و‬4 5 › S:b4 3 H4 X1 : #
3 I1 ‫ن‬5 3•@ 84 5 74 : :‫ ن‬YK !3 ž
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4 :ْ5 }
ªnckvfQ pfvf kfv zfslswv dhv¢ÝfyvB jsv, kfvf nkjG srfj sp, dhipGq zKhf
jdEb wfd²À kfslvsj oafn jvsh.« (bCv } 63)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv dhsvfdLkf jvst dhipGq W
dIkbf zfsn, zfpfh zfsn, oxrpcÝ ðv¢ rq. kJb rj W hfdkt sybf mcwdjt rq. JcbD
hcsU bf sp, sjb sn Jcb jvsY ˆhQ pfsj Jcb jvf rq, snW hcsU bf sp, sjb kfsj Jcb
jvf rs¤Y!
X: 3 :7V3&!3 ;
: 1 X: 45 ‫ א‬X: b3 +
4 I: 738 c@ ~ 4 I: NU SBL : 1*ْ ; 3 &4 V1 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*’ !‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 V1 7:8‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ود‬1&O 1 5hْ I3 }
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1 B&: b:V: ‫و‬: 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: 5%‫˜@ א‬4 V: 74 8: ‫و‬: (١٣) 1H ƒ3 : !ْ ‫ز א‬1 4 Y5 !ْ ‫ א‬5h!3:‫وذ‬:
S!‫( " א‬١٤) {< X@ 81
ªˆnh zfïfrv dbLGfdvk nDmf. zfv sp zfïfr W vnCstv zbcok rsq ytsh, zfïfr
kfsj shsrsñ ²¿fb lfb jvshb; pfv bDsy blDnmCr iahfdrk. snJfsb kfvf dyvjft
Kfjsh ˆhQ ˆ mrf nfItA. i[f§Àsv sp zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zhfLA rsh ˆhQ kf]v
dbLGfdvk nDmf tQOb jvsh, dkdb kfsj zfÈsb dbs[i jvshb. snJfsb sn dyvjft
Kfjsh, zfv kfv ubA vsqsY tfÒbf-lfqj wfd²À.« (dbnf } 13-14)
7±‫( " א‬٢٣) {‫א‬Q&/:5 X: 3 :7V3&!3 ; : :HSBX: L
: : : 1*!5 B‫‘@ن‬5 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*> !‫˜@ א‬4 V: 7:8‫و‬: }
ªpfvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCtsj zmfbA jsv kfslv ubA vsqsY ufrfâfsmv zfÈb,
snJfsb kfvf dyv²¿fqD rsh.« (du¶b } 23)
{ 'Q !35 /Q‫א‬:W: 1*/4 MW: V1 B‫ل‬: b:V: 7:8‫و‬: 1 X: 45‚!ْ ‫ א‬X: b3 +
4 I: 738 c@ ~
4 I: NU SBL
: 1*ْ ; 3 &4 V1 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*> !‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 V1 7:8‫و‬: }
ªsp sj…ƒ zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv zfbcokA jvsh zfïfr kf]sj iashw jvfshb
ufâfsk; pfv db©bslsw blDmftf iahfdrk; dj§Â sp hAdÙÁ ixô-ialwGb jvsh, dkdb kfsj
shlbfqj wfd²À slshb.« (IfkXr } 17)
‫א‬:&X: f2 !‫א‬:‫ و‬: n3 VM&#
M !‫א‬:‫ و‬: M3 SB!‫ א‬:78M H@X4 5 : 1*’ !‫ א‬:H: 4 5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬:Š8: 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K‚5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫א‬:‫ و‬:*’ !‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 V1 7:8‫و‬: }
S!‫" א‬ (٦٩) { nً 3 : 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬K :71 O
: ‫و‬: : +
3 !3 #
B !‫א‬:‫و‬
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ªsp sj… zfïfr ˆhQ vnCstv zfbcokA jvsh, (swN dhyfsvv dlb) sn kfslv nÌD
rsh, pfslv iadk zfïfr zbcora jsvsYb; zKGf{ bhD, dnÜDj (bhDv nryv), wrDl W
n{jmGwDtoB. zfv nÌD drnfsh ˆvf zdk …Ùm.« (dbnf } 69)
…ÙÁ zfqfkÈdt sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jvst ufâfk
tfH rsh ˆhQ zhfLAfyvB jvst ufrfâfm spsk rsh.
S!‫( " א‬٨٠) { ƒً Y3 O
: H4 X@ 4 5 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 ': 5 !>: I: 7:8‫و‬: :*’ !‫ א‬:‫¦ ع‬5 5 &4 n5 5 :‫ ل‬1 B !‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 V1 74 8B }
ªsp vnCstv zfbcokA jvt, sn zfnst zfïfrvƒ zfbcokA jvt. zfv sp mcJ
dIdvsq sbq, zfdm kfslv …iv skfmfsj iarvDv™si siavB jdvdb.« (dbnf } 80)
…ÙÁ zfqfk sKsj hcUf pfq sp, vnCstv zfbcokA jvst zfnst zfïfrv zfbcokA
jvf rq.
--S!‫( " א‬٥٢) { :‫ون‬1Ts3 Y5 !ْ ‫ א‬1H\1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K‚5 3*nْ bBV: ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬:•ž
4 V: ‫و‬: 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*> !‫@ א‬ŠŒ3 V1 7:8‫و‬: }
ªpfvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jsv, zfïfrsj Hq jsv W k]fv wfd²À rsk
nfhLfb Kfsj, kfvfƒ rt jxkjfpG.« (bCv } 52)
$‫א‬TO ‫( " א‬٧١) { 'Q ƒ3 : ‫א‬Q‫ز‬4 5 ‫ز‬: 5 &4 n5 5 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬Š4 Œ3 V1 7:8‫و‬: }
ªpfvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jsv kfvf zhwAƒ mrf nfItA zuGb jvsh.«
(‚rXpfh } 71)
…ÙÁ zfqfk lcde sKsj hcUf pfq sp, zfïfr W k]fv vnCstv zfbcokA jvst jxkjfpG
rWqf pfq.
zfïfrv vnCt hstsYb,
.(:*> !‫ א‬#
: : &4 n5 5 R3 #
: : 74 8: ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬:‫¦ ع‬5 5 &4 n5 5 R3S: ¦5 5 74 8: )
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv zfbcokA jvt, sn (iajk x is[) zfïfrv zfbcokA jvt ˆhQ sp
zfmfv zhfLAkf jvt, sn (zfnst) zfïfrv zhfLAkf jvt.« (hcJfvD 7137, mcndtm
4852bQ)
dkdb zfsvf hstsYb, ªzfmfv …©mskv nhfƒ ufâfsk pfsh; dj§Â sn bq sp zöDjfv
jvsh.« duÎfnf jvf rt, `sr zfïfrv vnCt! (ufâfsk spsk zfhfv) sj zöDjfv
jvsh?' dkdb htstb,
.( /:5 &4 n5 5 R3 # : : 74 8: ‫و‬: 5 SB~
: !ْ ‫ א‬: ;
: :‫ د‬R3S: ¦5 5 74 8: )
ªsp zfmfv zbcnvB jvsh, sn ufâfsk pfsh ˆhQ sp zfmfv zhfLAkf jvsh, snƒ
ufâfk spsk öDjfv jvsh.« (hcJfvD 7280bQ)
3. k]fv zbcnvB jvf, k]fsj dbsuv zflwG mfbf. k]fv ialdwGk iK zhtìb jvf.
k]fv kvDjf zbcpfqD mrfb zfïfrv ƒhflk jvf. k]fv …dÙÁsj njt
mfbcsNv …dÙÁv …iv iafLfbA slWqf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
{‫א‬Q•„3 P5 :*> !‫ א‬: P5 :‫وذ‬: : ;
3 vْ!‫ א‬:‫م‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬:*> !‫ א‬L1 4 V: :‫ ن‬P5 7:'!q › S:: O : ›": 4 K 3*> !‫ ل@ א‬1 : R3 H4 JK !5 :‫ ن‬P5 &4 n5 !5 }
ªskfmfslv msLA pfvf zfïfr W ivjftsj Hq jsv ˆhQ zfïfrsj zdLj ±mvB jsv,
365
kfslv ubA vfnCtïc frv (ydvsÛv) msLA …Ùm zflwG vsqsY.« (‚rXpfh } 21)
: \1 >?@A :*!5 @A ? @‫ض‬4 5 ‫א‬:‫ و‬3U‫א‬:‫' و‬: B !‫ א‬Khْ 81 1*!5 c3W!> ‫ א‬Q '3 L
: H4 JK 4 !5 @A 3*’ !‫ א‬1‫ ل‬1 : RM@A 1‫ س‬SB!‫ א‬X: V25 V: 4 6K }
{:‫ون‬1&b:X4 I: H4 JK > : !5 1• 1 3 IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*I3 ': 3P5 ‫و‬: *3 ’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 c3W!> ‫ א‬MR8M K ‫ א‬MR3 SB!‫ א‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 ْ‫ א‬S183 v5 19 '3 V1 ‫و‬: R3 +
4 V1
ªht, `sr mfbcN! zfdm skfmfslv njstv ubA snƒ zfïfrv (siadvk) vnCt; dpdb
zfjfwmàtD W ixdKhDv nfhGsHZmsk¶v zdLjfvD, dkdb hAkDk zbA sjfb (nkA) …ifnA
sbƒ, dkdbƒ uDdhk jsvb W mxkcA Oefb. nckvfQ zfïfrv iadk W kf]v vnCt dbv[v
bhDv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jv; sp zfïfr W kf]v hfBDsk dhÇhfn jsv, ˆhQ skfmvf kfv
zbcnvB jv, pfsk skfmvf iK ifW.« (zf'vfI } 158)
hcUf sot, k]fv zbcnvB jvst nciK tfH rsh. zbcv™i k]fv zbcnvB jvst mrfb
naóf zfmfslvsj Hfstfhfnshb ˆhQ zfmfslv ifi smfyb jsv slshb. dkdb hstsYb,
(٣١) { H< O 3 B < YK ©5 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK /: 11‫ ذ‬H4 JK !5 4 Y3 “4 V: ‫و‬: *1 ’ !‫ א‬1HJK 43 +
4 V1 R3 1 3 IB 5 :*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬2+ 3 I1 H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A 4 6K }
zKGf{, ht, `skfmvf pdl zfïfrsj Hfthfn, kfrst zfmfv zbcnvB jv. Ist
zfïfr skfmfslvsj Hfthfnshb ˆhQ skfmfslv zivfLnmCr [mf jvshb. h²Âk}
zfïfr zkA§À [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.' (‚st ƒmvfb } 31)
k]fv ncâk sp zbcnvB jvsh bf, sn k]fv ltHcÙÁ bq. mrfbhD hstsYb,
.« SM83 :•4 5 5 b3 SB1 74 : :d©3 : 74 ': 5 »
zKGf{, sp hAdÙÁ zfmfv ncâk sKsj mcJ dIdvsq sbsh, sn zfmfv ltHcÙÁ bq. (hcJfvD
5063, mcndtm 3469bQ)
ƒmfm ncdIqfb nWvD (v}) hstsYb,
.4 : ْ 5 ٍ ‰:5‚/3 >?@A 5h: : >h+ 1 I: >? ‫ن‬4 5 :94 Œ5 b:4 ‫@ن@ א‬A
zKGf{, pdl skfmfv nfLA rq sp, sjfb zfNfv (rflDn) YfVf skfmfv mfKfW yctjfsh bf,
kfrst kfƒ jv. (IfkXùt mcoDN 2/360, zft-ufsm' dtzfJtfdj¶v vfhD 1/142)
spsrkc ncâfrv mfsUƒ zfsY pfhkDq jtAfsBv mrf Hfàfv. sp ncâfri§¿D rsh, sn
dhlzfk sKsj idv¤Yâ Kfjsh. ˆmb jfu W jKf sKsj dhvk Kfjsh, pfv djkfh W
ncâfr sKsj sjfb iamfB sbƒ.
4. k]fsj Hfstfhfnf; dbsuv n§Àfb, dikfmfkf, idvhfv-idvub, njt mfbcN W Lb-
n©il ˆmbdj dbsuv uDhb zsi[f k]fsj shdw Hfstfhfnf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
:‫ن‬4 f: ž
4 I: ›": ~
: I3 ‫و‬: \: '1 b1ْ : b:6ْ ‫א <ل א‬: 84 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK I1 •
: f3 : ‫و‬: H4 JK L
1 ‫א‬:‫زو‬4 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK 1‫א‬: ;
4 @A‫و‬: H4 PK –1 v:S/4 5 ‫و‬: H4 PK –1 /:- :‫ ن‬P5 ‫@ن‬A 4 6K }
1*’ !‫ א‬:RI3 ْ‚V: bBO
: ْ‫ א‬#
1 /B: b:5 3*3 3 : R3 N‫ د‬X: L
3 ‫و‬: 3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*’ !‫ א‬:78M HKJ4 !5 @A BdO
: 5 X: :4 k
: 4 I: 17P3 : 8: ‫و‬: \: :‫ د‬: P5
/ b!‫( " א‬٢٤) {: n3 3 Y5 !ْ ‫ א‬:‫م‬4 n5 !ْ ‫ א‬c3&X4 V: 5? 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬3•@ 84 5‚/3
zKGf{, ht, `skfmfslv dikf, icÛ, ëfkf, ²ÃD W zfk¹DqoB, zduGk Lbvfdw ˆhQ snƒ
hAhnf-hfdBuA skfmvf pfv zyt rWqfv Hq jv ˆhQ diaq hfn²¿fbnmCr pdl skfmfslv
dbje zfïfr, kf]v vnCt W zfïfrv vf²Àfq durfl zsi[f zdLjkv diaq rq, kfrst
 366
zfïfrv zfslw zfnf ipG§À zsi[f jv. h²Âk} zfïfr nkAkAfoD n©ialfqsj n{iK
ialwGb jsvb bf.' (kfWhfr } 24)
mrfbhD hstsYb,
.« : 3 ': L4 5 @‫ س‬SB!‫א‬:‫ و‬3•3&!3‫א‬:‫وو‬: 3•3&!5 ‫و‬: 74 83 3*4 !5 @A BdO
: 5 :‫ ن‬PK 5 bBO : H4 PK 1&O
: 5 1783 —4 V1 5? »
ªskfmfslv msLA sj… mcdmb rsk ifvsh bf, pk[B ipG§À bf zfdm kfv dbje kfv
dikf, n§Àfb ˆhQ njt mfbcN zsi[f diaqkm rsqdY.« (hcJfvD 15, mcndtm 178bQ)
ˆjlf mrfbhD …mfv dhb JfÙfh -ˆv rfk Lsv dYstb. …mfv k]fsj htstb,
sr zfïfrv vnCt! zfidb zfmfv uDhb YfVf njt dudbn sKsj zfmfv dbje diaqkm. ˆ
jKf ðsb mrfbhD htstb, ªbf. snƒ nÙfv jnm, p]fv rfsk zfmfv iafB zfsY.
pk[B bf zfdm skfmfv dbje skfmfv uDhb sKsjW diaqkm rsk sisvdY (kk[B ipG§À
kcdm mc'dmb rsk ifsvf bf).« …mfv htstb, `ˆ[sB zfidb zfmfv uDhb sKsjW
diaqkm.' kJb dkdb htstb, ªˆJb (kcdm mc'dmb) sr …mfv!« (hcJfvD 6632bQ)
k]fsj Hfstfhfnst „mfsbv dmókf ifWqf pfq. dkdb hstsYb,
Bd+
3 V1 ‫ن‬4 5‫و‬: ': \1 ‫א‬: 3 'B 83 3*4!5 @A BdO
: 5 1*!K 1 : ‫و‬: 1*>!‫ א‬:‫ ن‬P5 74 8: @‫® ن‬ : @z‫" א‬5 ‫و‬: 5 O
: B7X@ /3 :&L: ‫و‬: 3* 3 B7PK 74 8: < 5 ‰:»
.«@ SB!‫ א‬3 : :Wnْ V1 ‫ن‬4 5 1•: Jْ V: ': P5 1*S483 1*>!‫ א‬1•:Wn5 45 ‫ن‬4 5 :&4 /: @ Yْ JK !ْ‫ א‬3 :‫ د‬1 V: ‫ن‬4 5 :•: Jْ V: ‫ن‬4 5‫و‬: 3*>!3 >?@A 1*2+
3 V1 5? :4 ': !ْ‫א‬
ªpfv msLA dkbde h²Â ifWqf pfsh, sn ‰ dkb h²Âv mfLAsm „mfsbv dmókf zbcHh
jvsh. (1) zfïfr W k]fv vfnct kfv dbje zbA njstv yfƒsk diaqkm rsh, (2)
sjfb hAdÙÁsj sn Hfstfhfnst ˆjmfÛ zfïfrv ubA Hfstfhfnsh ˆhQ (3) zfïfr
kfsj v[f jvfv iv sn icbvfq jcIXvDsk dIsv spsk ˆmb ziY¦l jvsh, spmb
zfÈsb dbd[å rWqfsj ziY¦l jsv.« (hcJfvD 16, mcndtm 174bQ )
dmdó öfl ifWqf pfq k]fv zfbcokA j'sv, k]fv ncâfr zbcnfsv uDhb idvyftbf j'sv,
k]fsj dbsuv zflwG smsb, k]fv dbslGw iftsb jóhvB j'sv, k]fv hfBD iayfv j'sv, k]fv
Hfstfhfnfsj Hfstfshsn, k]fv wÛ¢sj wÛ¢ susb. kf bf rst sn Hfstfhfnfv sjfb lfm
sbƒ, pf sjht smZdJj lfhD. zfvhD jdh hstsYb,
1ŠV&/ @‫ س‬n!‫ | א‬c ' ! ‫א‬W\ ... 1*BO 1 XْƒI1 9 ‫!* و‬z‫ א‬R# I
1Š Œ18 2d+
3 V1 7 Bd+K ‫ن א‬A ... *b ¦ ً 6‫ د‬, 5hBO 1 ‫ن‬P !
zKGf{, kcdm vfnCstv bfIvmfdb jsv k]fv Hfstfhfnf iajfw jv. ˆef skf nhGpcso
ˆj zßCk hAfifv! skfmfv Hfstfhfnf pdl nkA rk, kfrst zhwAƒ kcdm k]fv zfbcokA
jvsk. jfvB sp pfsj Hfthfsn, sn kfv zbcok rq. (zfwX-dwIf dhkf'vDsI ùj¶Cdj¶t mc²À¶fIf 2/549)
ƒmfm ƒhbct j¶fƒsqm (v}) hstsYb,
‫ ن‬# / *bB` ... 2dÓ 74 8: :Z3 ‫ א‬I ‫ ن‬3 È‫ط א‬K
@‫ ن‬bX1/ ‫ ذو‬9 ‚ 2d+1V 8 ... 5h3 ; Š8 5 È‫ !* א‬:9 B‫‘ذא אد‬
‫ ن‬J8A | g‫ ذא‬8 *! ً µO
1 ... R B&I‫ و‬d (‫ &א א‬2dÓ
@‫ ن‬Œ f!‫ ; א‬V K BÈ‫ א‬7V ... 1*/: :O5 ‫ \&ًא‬L
: c‫ د‬I1 ‫א‬WP‫و‬
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zKGf{, Hfstfhfnfv wkG ˆƒ sp, kcdm pfsj Hfstfhfn, kfv zhfLAkf bf jsv kfv
Hfstfhfnfq ˆjmk rsh.
nckvfQ sn pf Hfstfhfsn kfv dhsvfdLkf jsv kcdm pdl kfv Hfstfhfnf lfhD jv,
kfrst kcdm zfnst dmKAf lfhDlfv.
kcdm dj diaqifsÛv wÛ¢sj Hfstfhfsnf zKy kcdm kfsj Hfstfhfsnf hst lfhD jv?
ˆef skf n©Hh bq.
zbcv™i kcdm kfv diaqifÛslv iadk iafBisB wÛ¢kf jsv pf¤Y! sjfKfq Hfstfhfnf?
Wsr wqkfsbv Hfƒ! (bCdbqAfr, rfvGfsnv hAfJAf-nr 2/134)
ˆsk sjfb ns¦lr sbƒ sp, pJb sjfb hAdÙÁ zfïfr W k]fv vnCt -sj Hfstfhfnsh,
kJb dbÇyq sn snƒ hAdÙÁ, h²Â W dhNqsj Hfstfhfnsh, sp hAdÙÁ, h²Â W dhNqsj zfïfr
W k]fv vnCt Hfstfhfnsh. spsrkc sp pfsj Hfstfhfsn, sn kfv diaq dudbnsjW
Hfstfhfsn. ˆmb bf rst mc'dmsbv „mfb idviCBG rq bf.
zfïfrv vnCt hstb,
.« :‫® ن‬: @z‫ א‬: ': Jْ b:4 ‫ א‬3&n5 5 3*> !3 :ŠS:8: ‫و‬: 3*> !3 Œ5 4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !3 :m“: /4 5 ‫و‬: 3*> !3 BdO : 5 74 8: »
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfïfrv Wqfs²À (jf…sj) Hfstfhfsn, zfïfrv Wqfs²À (jf…sj) OxBf jsv,
zfïfrv Wqfs²À (djYc) ialfb jsv ˆhQ zfïfrv Wqfs²Àƒ (djYc ialfb jvf rsk) dhvk
Kfsj, sn hAdÙÁ iCBfG Ì „mfb tfH jsvsY.« (nrDr zfhc lf†l 3910bQ)
nckvfQ sp hAdÙÁ mrfbhD -ˆv zfbcokA jsv, k]fv ncâskv zbcnvB jsv, k]fv
zfslw iftb jsv, k]fv dbdNÝ dudbn W jmG huGb jsv, k]fv zflswG zflwGhfb rq,
njstv jKfv …isv k]fv jKfsj iafLfbA slq, k]fsjƒ dbsuv iDv-mcvdwl W zbcjvBDq
ƒmfm mfsb, k]fv …isv lv™l ifE jsv, sn hAdÙÁv bhD-iaDdk J]fde nkA.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٣١) { H< O 3 B < YK ©5 1*’ !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK /: 11‫ ذ‬H4 JK !5 4 Y3 “4 V: ‫و‬: 1*’ !‫ א‬1HJK 43 +
4 V1 R3 1 3 IB 5 :*’ !‫ א‬:‫ ن‬2+3 I1 H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A 4 6K }
zKGf{, ht, `skfmvf pdl zfïfrsj Hfthfn, kfrst zfmfv zbcnvB jv. Ist
zfïfr skfmfslvsj Hfthfnshb ˆhQ skfmfslv zivfLnmCr [mf jvshb. h²Âk}
zfïfr zkA§À [mfwDt, ivm lqftc.' (‚st ƒmvfb } 31)
jk hV snZHfoAhfb sn hAdÙÁ, sp k]fv nfrypG sKsj hdÑk rsqsY, dj§Â k]fv zfmstv
udm ncâk-ifdbsk dndÑk rsqsY. sp k]fsj nvfndv bf slJsk sistW k]fv uDhbD W
ncâfr zLAqb j'sv msbv ys[ k]fsj lwGb j'sv Kfsj.
5. k]fsj n©mfb slWqf, waÝf W HdÙÁ jvf. ˆef k]fv iafiA.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
"ً : Jْ /1 1• +
1 M: I1‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1 6q : I1‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1 TM : I1‫و‬: 3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> ! /3 ‫ א‬S183 —4 b1!3 (٨) ‫א‬Q V3W:‫و‬: ‫א‬Q fM :81 ‫و‬: ‫א‬Q&\3 : 5g S:ْ : 4 5 BA@ }
]bY!‫( " א‬٩) { ً ,
3 5 ‫و‬:
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfdm skfmfsj siavB jsvdY nf[Dv™si, ncnQhfllfkf W nkjGjfvDv™si.
pfsk skfmvf zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv iadk dhw¶fn ²¿fib jv, kfsj nfrfpA jv W n©mfb
jv ˆhQ njft-náAfq zfïfrv idhÛkf W mdrmf sOfNBf jv. (IfkXr } 8-9)
 368
k]fv iadk n©mfb W waÝfv ˆj iajfv zflhlfsbv hAfifsv mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
X: V25 V: (١) H< 3: Š< '3 : :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A :*> !‫ א א‬nK IB‫א‬:‫ و‬3*!3 1 : ‫و‬: 3*> !‫@ א‬c:&V: :74 /: ‫ א‬81 M&n5 I1 !5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
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: P5 @‫ل‬4 n5 !ْ /3 1*!5 ‫وא‬1 X: ~
4 I: !5 ‫و‬: MR3 SB!‫ א‬3U4 ,
: :‫ق‬4 5 H4 JK I:‫א‬: ,
4 5 ‫ א‬1 5 4 I: !5 ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫א‬
1*> !‫ א‬:7+
: b:84 ‫ א‬:7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h^3!5 ‫و‬4 K 3*> !‫ ل@ א‬1 : :&S3 H4 X1 I:‫א‬: ,
4 5 :‫ ن‬2 “1 V: :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A (٢) :‫ون‬1 1 f4 I: !5 H4 b1 5 ‫و‬: H4 JK !K ': 4 5
:‫ ن‬K n3 4 V: !5 H4 \1 1 „:Pْ 5 3U‫א‬: ~
1+1 !ْ ‫א א‬: ‫و‬: 738 5h:‫و‬1‫ د‬S:V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A (٣) H< ƒ3 : < L
4 5 ‫و‬: ›": Y3 “4 8B H1X!5 x: nْ bB !3 H4 X1 /: K 6K
U‫( " א(~ א‬٥) {H< O 3 B < YK ©5 1*> !‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 X1 !> ‫א‬Q 4 ;
: :‫ ن‬J5 !5 H4 X@ 4 !5 @A :‫ج‬1 ž
4 I: bBO : ‫وא‬1 :, : H4 X1 B5 4 !5 ‫و‬: (٤)
zKGf{, sr mc'dmboB! zfïfr W kf]v vnCstv nfmsb skfmvf sjfb dhNsq zoaBD rsqf
bf ˆhQ zfïfrsj Hq jv, dbÇyq zfïfr nhGswafkf, nhGÎ. sr mc'dmboB! skfmvf bhDv
jØösvv …iv dbsuslv jØöv …]yc jsvf bf ˆhQ dbsuslv msLA spHfsh …¤y ösv jKf
ht, kfv nfsK snƒHfsh …¤y ösv jKf hstf bf; jfvB ˆsk zÎfknfsv skfmfslv jmG
db®It rsq pfsh. pfvf zfïfrv vnCstv nfmsb dbsuslv jØöv bDyc jsv, zfïfr kfslv
z§Àvsj zfïfr-HDv¢kfv ubA ivD[f jsvsYb. kfslv ubA vsqsY [mf W mrficvõfv.
pfvf j[nmCsrv diYb rsk skfmfsj …¤y ösv Ffsj, kfslv zdLjfQwƒ dbshfGL. kcdm
shv rsq kfslv dbje zfnf ipG§À pdl kfvf ³LpGLfvB jvk, kfrst kfƒ kfslv
ubA …Ùm rk. zfv zfïfr yvm [mfwDt, ivm lqftc. (ùucvfk } 1-5)
k]fv iadk HdÙÁ W kf'pDm k]fv dksvfHfshv isvW mc'dmsbv msb hÝmCt Kfjsh. k]fv
rflDn W ncâk swfbfv nmq, k]fv bfm W uDhbD swfbfv nmq, k]fv hfBD iayfsvv nmq
ˆhQ k]fv jKf zfstfybfv nmq k]fv iadk zflh Kfjsh mcndtsmv hcsj W mcsJ.
6. k]fsj nfrfpA jvf, k]fv dhv¢sÝ sjfb nmfstfybf ðbst psKfdyk uhfh slWqf, k]fv
iadk shzflhjfvDslv shzfldhv iadkhfl W iadkjfv jvf, wfnb-[mkf rfsk Kfjst k]fsj
ofdtlfkfv …dyk wfd²À slWqf. spsrkc ˆef k]fv iadk Hfstfhfnf W waÝfv lfhD.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(١٥٧) {:‫ ن‬+ 1 3Yْ '1 !ْ ‫ א‬1H\1 5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K 1*: 8: :‫ل‬T@ K :c3W!>‫ א‬: S2!‫ אْ א‬1 :IB‫א‬:‫ و‬1•‫و‬1 # : :‫و‬: 1•‫و‬1 TB : ‫و‬: 3*/3 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> 5 }
ªnckvfQ pfvf kfv iadk dhÇhfn ²¿fib jsv, kfsj n©mfb jsv, kfsj nfrfpA jsv
ˆhQ sp zfstf kfv nfsK zhkDBG jvf rsqsY kfv zbcnvB jsv, kfvfƒ rsh
nItjfm.« (zf'vfI } 157)
i[f§Àsv mrfbhD -sj jó slWqfv wfd²À vsqsY lcdbqf W zfsJvfsk. mrfb zfïfr
hstsYb,
› ': O
4 : ‫و‬: : S3 83 —4 '1 ْ !3 1783 —4 V1 ‫و‬: 3*’ ! /3 1783 —4 V1 H4 JK !> ٍ 4 ;
: 1‫ن‬1‫ذ‬K 4 6K ‫ <ن‬1‫ذ‬K : \1 :‫! ن‬K nK V3 ‫و‬: BR3 SB!‫ א‬:‫ون‬1‫—ذ‬4 V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬1HX1 S4 83 ‫و‬: }
/ b!‫( " א‬٦١) {H< !35 $
< ‫א‬:W: H4 X1 !5 3*’!‫ א‬:‫ ل‬1 : :‫ون‬1‫—ذ‬4 V1 :7V3W!> ‫א‬:‫ و‬H4 JK S38 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W> !q
kfslv msLA ˆmb jdkiq stfj zfsY, pfvf bhDsj jó slq ˆhQ hst, `sn iaskAj
jKfq jBGifk j'sv Kfsj.' kcdm hst lfW, `sn jBGifk skf skfmfslv ubA jtAfBjv.
sn zfïfrv iadk „mfb zfbqb jsv ˆhQ mc'dmbslv (jKfsj) dhÇhfn jsv. zfv sn
skfmfslv msLA dhw¶fnD stfjslv ubA jv¢Bföv™i. pfvf zfïfrv vnCtsj jó slq,
369
kfslv ubA p§ÃBflfqj wfd²À vsqsY.' (kfWhfr } 61)
(٥٧) { SQ X@ 82 /Q‫א‬:W: H4 X1 !5 B&: 5 ‫و‬: "3 : ;
3 vْ!‫א‬:‫ و‬: 42&!‫ א‬R3 1*>!‫ א‬1HX1 S:: !5 1*!5 1 : ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬:‫ون‬1‫—ذ‬4 V1 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
pfvf zfïfr W k]fv vnCtsj jó slq, zfïfr skf kfslvsj ƒrstfsj W ivstfsj
zdHwå jsvb ˆhQ dkdb kfslv ubA tfÒbflfqj wfd²À ia²k  svsJsYb. (‚rXpfh } 57)
zfv sp zfïfrv jfsY zdHwå, sn dbdÇykv™si L¶Qniafå. mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
S!‫( " א‬٥٢) {‫א‬Q•# 3 : 1*!5 :&~ 3 I: 75 5 1*’ !‫@ א‬7: ْ V: 7:8‫و‬: 1*’!‫ א‬1HX1 S:: !5 :7V3W!> ‫ א‬5h^3 !5 ‫و‬4 K }
ªˆvfƒ skf kfvf, pfslvsj zfïfr zdHn©ifk jsvsYb. zfv zfïfr pfsj
zdHn©ifk jsvb, kcdm jJsbf kfv ubA sjfb nfrfpAjfvD ifsh bf.« (dbnf } 52)
7. k]fsj dhyfvj mfbf, k]fv dhyfv W Ifqnftfsj OfV sisk smsb sbWqf, k]fv dhyfv-
hAh²¿fsj zflftsk hrft jvf, rfjDm-…jDt W hflD-iadkhflD njstv k]fv dhyfsv
n§Âó rWqf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
:94 : 65 'B 8M L
Q :O: H4 X@ 3 YK 5 R3 ْ‫وא‬1&~3 V: ?5 BH‰1 H4 X1 S:4 /: : ~
: : ': 3 5g '1 Jq + : V1 : bBO : :‫ ن‬S183 —4 V1 5? 5h/M: ‫و‬: 5 5 }
S!‫( " א‬٦٥) { 'Q 34 I: ْ‫' א‬1 q : V1 ‫و‬:
ªdj§Â bf, skfmfv iadkiftsjv wiK! kfvf dhÇhfnD (mc'dmb) rsk ifvsh bf; pk[B
ipG§À kfvf kfslv dbsuslv dhhfl-dhnìfslv dhyfvHfv skfmfv …iv ziGB bf jsv,
zk}iv skfmfv dnÝf§À nìsá kfslv msb sjfb däLf bf Kfsj ˆhQ nhGf§À}jvsB kf
smsb sbq.« (dbnf } 65)
1•‫و‬2‫د‬1 5 N R4 : R3 H4 b14 ‫ز‬: S:I: ‫‘@ن‬5 H4 JK S38 @ 84 5 ‫ א‬R3!‫و‬4 K ‫و‬: :‫ ل‬1 B !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ‫و‬: :*’ !‫ אْ א‬1 ¦3 5 ْ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: }
S!‫( " א‬٥٩) {ً V@‫‚ْو‬I: 17: O 4 5 ‫و‬: < 4 ;
: 5h!3:‫; @ ذ‬
3 ª‫م@ א‬4 : !ْ ‫א‬:‫ و‬3*’ ! /3 :‫ ن‬S183 —4 I1 H4 b1SKP ‫@ن‬A @‫ ل‬1 B !‫א‬:‫ و‬3*’!‫! א‬5 @A
ªsr dhÇhfdnoB! pdl skfmvf zfïfr W ivjfst dhÇhfn jv, kfrst skfmvf zfïfrv
zbcok rW, vnCt W skfmfslv sbkxhoG (W …tfmf)slv zbcok rW. zfv pdl sjfb
dhNsq skfmfslv msLA mksHl Ose, kfrst sn dhNqsj zfïfr W vnCstv dlsj dIdvsq
lfW. ˆdeƒ rt …Ùm ˆhQ idvBfsm iajóx kv.« (dbnf } 59)
8. k]fsj k]fv pKfKG mpGflf ialfb jvf. kfsk bf zhsrtf W zhÎf jvf, zfv bf
zdkvÓb W hfVfhfdV jvf.
msb vfJsk rsh sp, dkdb mfbcN, dj§Â dkdb mrfmfbcN. k]fv mpGflf njt mfbcsNv †sL¶G.
dkdb nhGswaô bhD, njt nxdóv snvf. ksh k]fv mpGflf sjfb dhNsq k]fv iadkiftj mrfb
zfïfrv nmfb bq. zfïfrv ƒ¤Yf YfVf dkdb dbsuv zKhf zisvv …ijfv-zijfv
djYcƒ jvsk ifsvb bf. dkdb mrfb zfïfrv lfn W siadvk lCk.
zfv ˆ njt jKf h[mfB ic²sÀ jv dhdHâ ²¿fsb …dïdJk rsqsY.
9. k]fv iadk lv™l W nftfm ifE jvf.
mrfb zfïfr hstsYb,
(٥٦) { 'Q 34 I: ‫' א‬1 q : ‫و‬: 3*4 5 : ‫ א‬r, : ‫ א‬S18: - :7V3W!> ‫ א‬X: V25 V: MR3 SB!‫ א‬5 : :‫ ن‬r# : V1 1*b:J5 s3 5 8: ‫و‬: :*> !‫ א‬B‫@ن‬A}
zKGf{, dbÇyq zfïfr bhDv iadk zbcora jsvb ˆhQ k]fv dIdvñfoBW bhDv ubA
 370
zbcora iafKGbf jsv. sr mc'dmboB! skfmvfW bhDv ubA zbcora iafKGbf jv ˆhQ
kfsj …Ùmv™si zdHhflb jv. (lv™l W nftfm siw jv.) (‚rXpfh } 56)
zfv mrfbhD hstsYb,
ªiajkx jxiB snƒ hAdÙÁ, pfv jfsY zfdm …dïdJk rtfm (zfmfv bfm …¤yfdvk rt),
zKy sn zfmfv iadk lv™l ifE jvt bf.« (dkvdmpD 3546bQ)
ªsnƒ hAdÙÁv bfj LCtf-LCndvk srfj, pfv jfsY zfmfv bfm …sïJ jvf rt, zKy sn
(zfmfv bfm ðsbW) zfmfv iadk lv™l iVt bf.« (zKGf{, `n¶fïfïfù zftfƒdr
znfïfm' htt bf.) (dkvdmpD 3545bQ)
ªsp sjfb ubsofôD sjfb mudtsn hsn kfsk zfïfrv dpjXv bf jsv ˆhQ kfslv bhD
-ˆv …iv lv™l ifE bf jsv, kfslvƒ sbfjnfb (lcsHGfo) rsh; zfïfr pdl ƒ¤Yf
jsvb skf kfslvsj wfd²À slshb ˆhQ pdl yfb skf kfslvsj [mf j'sv slshb.
(dkvdmpD 3380bQ)
ªsp hAdÙÁ zfmfv iadk ˆjhfv lv™l ifE jvsh, zfïfr kfv lv¢b kfv …iv lwde
vrmk (jv¢Bf) zhkDBG jvshb.« (mcndtm 875, zfhC lf†l 523, dkvdmpD 3614bQ)
ªdjqfmskv dlb snƒ hAdÙÁ nh stfsjv yfƒsk zfmfv shwD dbjehkGD rsh, sp kfslv
msLA nhsysq shwD zfmfv …iv lv™l iVsh.« (dkvdmpD 484bQ)
zfmvf nhfƒ bfmfsp k]fv iadk lv™l siw jsv Kfdj. ˆ YfVf lczfv nmq, mndusl
iashw jvf W shv rWqfv nmq, zfpfsbv uWqfh slWqfv iv, ufbfpfv bfmfsp, njft
W náAfq, ucmzfv dlsb, mudtn sKsj …Efv zfso, JckhfnmCsr, k]fv bfm ðsb, hst W
dtsJ, k]fv jhv dpqfvskv nmq, ƒkAfdl zfsvf zbAfbA nmsq lv™l ifE jvf dhsLq.
(vfrmfkct dtt-zf-tfmDb û})
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