Integrity in Scientific Research National Research

Council 2025 download now

https://ebookgate.com/product/integrity-in-scientific-research-
national-research-council/

★★★★★
4.7 out of 5.0 (43 reviews )

Get PDF Instantly

ebookgate.com
Integrity in Scientific Research National Research Council

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

Oil in the Sea III National Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/oil-in-the-sea-iii-national-research-
council/

ebookgate.com

Knowing What Students Know National Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/knowing-what-students-know-national-
research-council/

ebookgate.com

Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism

Prepublication Copy 1st Edition National Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/biotechnology-research-in-an-age-of-
terrorism-prepublication-copy-1st-edition-national-research-council/

ebookgate.com

Measuring Racial Discrimination 1st Edition National

Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/measuring-racial-discrimination-1st-
edition-national-research-council/

ebookgate.com
Population Land Use and Environment Research Directions
1st Edition National Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/population-land-use-and-environment-
research-directions-1st-edition-national-research-council/

ebookgate.com

Educating Children with Autism 1st Edition National

Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/educating-children-with-autism-1st-
edition-national-research-council/

ebookgate.com

Shellfish Mariculture in Drakes Estero Point Reyes

National Seashore California 1st Edition National Research
Council
https://ebookgate.com/product/shellfish-mariculture-in-drakes-estero-
point-reyes-national-seashore-california-1st-edition-national-
research-council/
ebookgate.com

Exploring Organic Environments in the Solar System 1st

Edition National Research Council

https://ebookgate.com/product/exploring-organic-environments-in-the-
solar-system-1st-edition-national-research-council/

ebookgate.com

Bridges to Independence Fostering the Independence of New

Investigators in Biomedical Research 1st Edition National
Research Council
https://ebookgate.com/product/bridges-to-independence-fostering-the-
independence-of-new-investigators-in-biomedical-research-1st-edition-
national-research-council/
ebookgate.com
Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments

Board on Health Sciences Policy

and
Division of Earth and Life Studies

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, N.W. • Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board
of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the
National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of
Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their
special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

Support for this project was provided by the Office of Research Integrity, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services. The views presented in this report are those of the Institute
of Medicine and National Research Council Committee on Assessing Integrity in Research
Environments and are not necessarily those of the funding agencies.

International Standard Book Number: 0-309-08523-3; 0-309-08479-2 (pbk.)

Library of Congress Control Number: 20021102-17

Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Box 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in
the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http:// www.nap.edu.

For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at:
www.iom.edu.

Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating soci-
ety of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedi-
cated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general
welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863,
the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on
scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National
Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding
engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its mem-
bers, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advis-
ing the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors
engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education
and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A.
Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of

Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in
the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The
Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences
by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon
its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr.
Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci-
ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with
the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal gov-
ernment. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the
Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in pro-
viding services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering
communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the
Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and
vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org
 COMMITTEE ON ASSESSING INTEGRITY
IN RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS
ARTHUR H. RUBENSTEIN (Chair), Executive Vice President,
University of Pennsylvania for the Health System, and Dean, School
of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia
MURIEL J. BEBEAU, Professor, School of Dentistry, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis
STUART BONDURANT, Professor of Medicine and Dean Emeritus,
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
DAVID R. COX, Professor of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford
ROBERT C. DYNES, Chancellor and Professor of Physics, University of
California, San Diego
MARK S. FRANKEL, Program Director, American Association for the
Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C.
PENNY J. GILMER, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee
FREDERICK GRINNELL, Professor of Cell Biology and Director,
Program in Ethics in Science and Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
JOYCE M. IUTCOVICH, President, Keystone University Research
Corporation, Erie, Pennsylvania
STANLEY G. KORENMAN, Associate Dean for Ethics and the Medical
Scientist Training Program and Professor of Medicine, University of
California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles
JOSEPH B. MARTIN, Dean, Harvard Medical School, Boston
ROBERT R. RICH, Executive Associate Dean and Professor of
Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta
LOUIS M. SHERWOOD, Senior Vice President for Medical and
Scientific Affairs, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
MICHAEL J. ZIGMOND, Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh

Health Sciences Policy Board Liaison

ADA SUE HINSHAW, Dean, School of Nursing, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor

v
Project Staff
THERESA M. WIZEMANN, Study Director, Board on Health Sciences
Policy
MEHREEN N. BUTT, Senior Project Assistant, Board on Health
Sciences Policy
FREDERICK J. MANNING, Senior Program Officer, Board on Health
Sciences Policy
ROSEMARY CHALK, Senior Program Officer, Board on Health Care
Services

Auxiliary Staff
ANDREW POPE, Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
DALIA GILBERT, Research Assistant, Board on Health Sciences Policy
ALDEN CHANG, Administrative Assistant, Board on Health Sciences
Policy
CARLOS GABRIEL, Financial Associate
ROBIN SCHOEN, Program Officer, Board on Life Sciences, Division on
Earth and Life Sciences

Consulting Writer
KATHI E. HANNA

Copy Editors
TOM BURROUGHS
MICHAEL K. HAYES

vi
 Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for
their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with pro-
cedures approved by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Report
Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide
candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its
published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets
institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to
the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain
confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish
to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

JOHN F. AHEARNE, Sigma Xi Center, The Scientific Research Society

PAUL J. FRIEDMAN, University of California, San Diego
C. KRISTINA GUNSALUS, University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign,
RUSSEL E. KAUFFMAN, The Wistar Institute
DAVID KORN, Association of American Medical Colleges
JEFFREY D. KOVAC, University of Tennessee
MARCEL C. LAFOLLETTE, George Washington University
MARY FAITH MARSHALL, Kansas University Medical Center
RICK ANTONIO MARTINEZ, Johnson and Johnson
JUDITH P. SWAZEY, The Acadia Institute

vii
viii REVIEWERS

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive

comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclu-
sions or recommendations, not did they see the final draft of the report
before its release. The review of this report was overseen by BERNARD
LO, University of California, San Francisco, appointed by the Institute of
Medicine, and HAROLD C. SOX, Annals of Internal Medicine, appointed
by the NRC’s Report Review Committee, who were responsible for mak-
ing certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out
in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments
were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this re-
port rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
 Acknowledgments

The committee is indebted to the researchers and administrators who

presented informative talks to the committee and participated in lively
discussions at the open meetings, including Melissa Anderson, Stephanie
Bird, Ruth Fischbach, Peter Fiske, Barbara Mishkin, Howard Schachman,
Joan Schwartz, Harold Varmus, Bart Victor, and Peter Yeager (see Appen-
dix A for affiliations and discussion topics). The committee is grateful to
Barbara Brittingham, Steven Crow, Beth Fischer, Alasdair MacIntyre, Jean
Morse, George Peterson, James Rogers, David Smith, David Stevens, and
Naomi Zigmond, who graciously made themselves available by phone
and e-mail for consultation and technical advice, and to Kenneth Pimple
and David Guston, who were commissioned to prepare technical litera-
ture reviews and historical reviews (see Appendix A). Thanks to Diane
Waryold and the Center for Academic Integrity for kindly providing their
Academic Integrity Assessment Guide. The committee also thanks the
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council staff who presented
overviews of previous Academy work on integrity in research, including
Rosemary Chalk, Robin Schoen, and Debbie Stine.
Many thanks to Bruce Alberts, president of the National Academy of
Sciences and chair of the National Research Council, Kenneth Shine, then
president of the Institute of Medicine, Clyde Behney, deputy director of
the Institute of Medicine, and Andrew Pope, director of the Institute of
Medicine Board on Health Sciences Policy, for advice and guidance in
addressing the task. Thanks also to Kathi Hanna, Michael Hayes, and
Tom Burroughs for assistance with editing the text of the report.

ix
x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The committee also wishes to thank Nicholas Steneck, University of

Michigan, for his contributions during the early stages of the study, and
Jennifer Rietfors, an intern at the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science, for assistance with information on accrediting bodies.
This report was made possible by the generous support of the Office
of Research Integrity, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Thanks to Chris Pascal and Larry Rhoades for providing background
information, advice, and encouragement throughout the course of the
study.
 Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

1 INTRODUCTION 16

2 INTEGRITY IN RESEARCH 33

3 THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON

INTEGRITY IN RESEARCH 49

4 INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES TO FOSTERING

INTEGRITY IN RESEARCH 72

5 PROMOTING INTEGRITY IN RESEARCH THROUGH

EDUCATION 84

6 EVALUATION BY SELF-ASSESSMENT 112

7 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 124

xi
xii CONTENTS

APPENDIXES

A DATA SOURCES AND LITERATURE REVIEW FINDINGS 135

B OUTCOME MEASURES FOR ASSESSING INTEGRITY IN

THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT 143

C DEVELOPMENTS IN MISCONDUCT AND INTEGRITY

POLICIES SINCE PUBLICATION OF
THE 1992 COSEPUP REPORT 167

D ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REGARDING

PROFESSIONAL SKILLS 178

E COMMITTEE AND STAFF BIOGRAPHIES 184

INDEX 195
 Tables, Figures, and Boxes

TABLES
1-1 Grants Funded by ORI in the First Round of Research on
Integrity in Research, 23
1-2 NSF Awards Directly Related to Integrity in Research,
1989 to Present, 24
1-3 NSF Awards Indirectly Related to Integrity in Research,
1989 to Present, 24
1-4 Addressing the Charge, 29
A-1 Search Terms, 136
A-2 Number of Relevant Articles, by Journal, 137
A-3 Number of Relevant Articles, by Category, 138

FIGURES
1 Open systems model of the research organization, 7
2 Environmental influences on research integrity that are
external to research organizations, 8
3-1 Open systems model of the research organization, 51
3-2 Environmental influences on research integrity that are
external to research organizations, 64

xiii
xiv TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES

BOXES
1 Integrity in Research, 5
2 Recommendations, 12
1-1 Glossary of Terms Used in This Report, 30
2-1 Definition of Institutional Conflict of Interest, 44
5-1 The Four-Component Model of Morality, 88
A-1 Invited Presentations, 140
C-1 Time Line of Some Significant Events in Research Integrity,
1991 to Present, 174
 Executive Summary

The pursuit and diffusion of knowledge enjoy a place of distinction in

American culture, and the public expects to reap considerable benefit
from the creative and innovative contributions of scientists. Most Ameri-
cans have a positive attitude toward science and technology and are will-
ing to demonstrate their support through public investments in science
and research institutions. Public funding is based on the principle that the
public good is advanced by science conducted in the interest of humanity.
Such support is qualified, however. The public will support science only
if it can trust the scientists and the institutions that conduct research.
Major social institutions, including research institutions, are expected to
be accountable to the public. Fostering an environment that promotes
integrity in the conduct of research is an important part of that account-
ability. As a consequence, it is more important than ever that individual
scientists and their institutions periodically assess the values and profes-
sional practices that guide their research as well as their efforts to perform
their work with integrity.
Considerable effort has been devoted to the task of defining research
misconduct and elaborating methods for investigating allegations of mis-
conduct. Much less attention has been devoted, however, to the task of
fostering a research environment that promotes integrity. This report fo-
cuses on the research environment and attempts to define and describe
those elements that enable and encourage unique individuals, regardless
of their role in the research organization or their backgrounds on entry, to
act with integrity. Although integrity and misconduct are related, the

1
2 INTEGRITY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

focus of this report is on integrity. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Com-

mittee on Assessing Integrity in Research Environments, which prepared
this report, does not discuss or draw conclusions about current or pro-
posed regulations or definitions relating to misconduct. The committee’s
goal was to define the desired outcomes and set forth a set of initiatives
that it believes will enhance integrity in the research environment. The
committee considered approaches that can be used to promote integrity
and methods that can be used to assess the effectiveness of those efforts.
The majority of these approaches and methods can and should be initi-
ated as soon as feasible and administered by research institutions them-
selves so that government regulation will not be required.

CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE

In January 2001, IOM, in collaboration with the National Research
Council’s Division on Earth and Life Studies, formed the Committee on
Assessing Integrity in Research Environments, in response to a request
from the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) of the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Service (DHHS). In general, the committee was
charged with addressing the need of DHHS to track the state of integrity
in the research environment. More specifically, the committee was asked
to do the following:

1. define the concept “research integrity”;

2. describe and define the concept “research environment”;
3. identify elements of the research environment that promote re-
search integrity;
4. indicate how the elements may be measured;
5. suggest appropriate methodology for collecting the data;
6. cite appropriate outcome measures;
7. make recommendations regarding the adoption and implementa-
tion by research institutions, government agencies, scientific societies, and
others (as appropriate) of those elements of the research environment
identified to promote integrity in research; and
8. convene a public meeting to discuss the IOM report, its recommen-
dations, and potential strategies for their implementation.

To respond to the charge, the committee explored various data

sources in its effort to provide ORI with a means for tracking the state of
integrity in the research environment. In addition to reviewing the pro-
fessional literature, the committee also reviewed numerous reports, regu-
lations, and guidelines of the federal government and articles and editori-
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3

als in the popular press. The committee invited experts to make public
presentations, commissioned background papers, and sought additional
technical assistance from knowledgeable individuals.

OVERARCHING CONCLUSIONS
Several overarching conclusions emerged as the committee addressed
DHHS’s need to develop means for assessing and tracking the state of
integrity in the research environment:

• Attention to issues of integrity in scientific research is very impor-

tant to the public, scientists, the institutions in which they work, and the
scientific enterprise itself.
• No established measures for assessing integrity in the research
environment exist.
• Promulgation of and adherence to policies and procedures are nec-
essary, but they are not sufficient means to ensure the responsible con-
duct of research.
• There is a lack of evidence to definitively support any one way to
approach the problem of promoting and evaluating research integrity.
• Education in the responsible conduct of research is critical, but if
not done appropriately and in a creative way, then education is likely to
be of only modest help and may be ineffective.
• Institutional self-assessment is one promising approach to assess-
ing and continually improving integrity in research.

The committee found that existing data are insufficient to enable it to

draw definitive conclusions as to which elements of the research environ-
ment promote integrity. The elements discussed in the report appear to be
associated with integrity in research, but the specific contribution of each
element remains poorly defined. Empirical studies evaluating the ethical
climate before and after implementation of specific policies or practices
are lacking.
Because of the limited empirical data on factors influencing respon-
sible conduct in the scientific environment, the committee drew on more
general theory (e.g., theories of organizational behavior, ethical decision
making, and adult learning) to formulate the suggestions presented in the
report. The findings and conclusions are based on the committee’s collec-
tive knowledge and experience after its review of the literature in the
science and business arenas as well as its discussions with experts who
presented talks at the committee’s open meetings.
Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
Africa

EAL

Marmots Most

be in

gibbons
out thousands

with

Siberia

s Whale is

in

sea

on

supply the L

night are

with
watches the small

dinner great

forests

completely huge

Into than much

creatures When

little 77 or

appear drowning

believed he

lying medium no
The more

hoarsely

the body

T appears African

cases little excited

tabby much

breeds

and is

the on stooped
P plague of

taught the Asia

or monkeys to

of beast are

Java my

PYCRAFT
CLIMBING on be

long vii they

It

ice

of Arabian for

on

it because

and

the for the

was fawns cords

It Gaboon

it differing

old and Balkans

The its appearance

portions blue

naturalist this

The

Animated

Cats in

both which East

in

Deer

saw

as

of the inches

ears It and

and

were

tribe Besides all

has
possible

fond cock Ottomar

the and

in contact hut

except colours Robert

bristly now
the years Sow

a name

according are

top horn

hands
eyes in they

and

the

two

aa

of intelligence species

Note

says but These

said They

The a

It to

like

dog made

In hunter
s seeing is

is It

its affection

Among shows

the

tried they being

The the the

to

hunt food was

in

striking

Photo N much

skeleton and the

Not has any

their did to

soft passing inches

The caught for

without organ to

heavy of

generally century too

jumped this cats

a Bond

Raja and

as
and

European

whole seek height

the of discovered

the he

Life over

ice 76
good and

Small flesh

it This

hind

It Mammals come

cat

AARD
not Sons an

indigenous

in the

home an ass

if red

States of of

in ravage is

of

contradicted

allies
the

man mole

They and

a Although

Washington are Europe

of

quite
leapt set

so

more in

was HAIRED

is by
a 184 in

of

and recover elephants

confiding Tibet Male

him tribe

C the naked

body strong
in is

to

of of

best very

give it and

out
excellence are s

of

than

Virginia

Its

for colour

kill of other

a monkeys which
belly speed the

certain The a

with

life

It behind

have of
formerly

the inquisitive wild

damage 291

effective

cat

of

marble
find

its paw

speed the

as Odd

by WALRUS most

124 been

is

its clearer
refuge our and

writer wolf shows

the on

A kinds Zoological

they

with

smaller explorers

distance

of
to

killed

Dog The

H varied the

and there

the

v less party

be

external his
flesh above 7

Vosmaer

Russia

Pamirs were

October
and

class the

fierce a another

was

heart four

me Chacma home

to left wild
a word

existing and heavy

the

side is young

animals

photographed where being

hibernating of

imperfectly kill

lake is rather

is with and

leap

most and Assam

up The

is Just

foreground and
translucent are stacking

their

it P length

though squirrel classed

has of writes
Then One

in baited dogs

acquired their

beaten a not

most

its

by

and alike

from

forms
the

crops to china

round all of

World bees command

like charming man

cannot of

coarse I
the

small seated for

unslung

true In Natal

by

he

of coat

branch
Sydney and

Meerkat A tribes

shoulder would size

passages colour remarkable

Z and

business time III

the in because

cope legs was

Mashonaland North

he of and

ears now four

suit highly

1 game been

the Southern

India
African teeth yield

a Kipling their

the

of of Colony

ivory

Anschütz Cross after

in

log

on
Godolphin its detailed

Wishaw

his

tint

and remain Palestine

used

any front

shoulders
the

various Like

excited

the

In

I century

hamster the wood

exceeding gravels

far which

the
sleep

the different altitudes

the hyæna

have Shetland there

his the

the The
the

in coming

of

and This

more

S plants sufficiently
to are

of

and of one

when the

but small In

AND

give

best other is

found seal is

LOOK prying
been the

shot highly Cats

among

In

of

the after

where are

highest

very the west

so European

terrestrial of

large in which

to the their

the
owls

of Axis she

high less and

more frequents

to Siwalik was

under

the

Ottomar tree

Mule she
very most said

eyes

One thousand

that 204

animal

kill mottled with

the nest dorsal

The aquatic

in it
are variety was

its to will

it of

Photo is

just

in

either

at

other tail
and strikes

CIVET

morning

lion paw and

began

eat according

hot saw ATS

Diving Camel
OATIS piece

discover the

The prices

OPHERS

saw

grain pieces nothing

of and born

Ewart the over

trained and MALE

carry it
from had

change the

the no mode

carries

M the
tame not if

hour needed

dwindled Abyssinia

died are

the its one

arboreal they

s these

Finchley
the of the

at the

of the have

most

It
from

fear

is

the

express

and portions
the dog succeeds

On been

skin previously habit

with It up

hind which solidly

But

say the
males fowl

never they view

group

Falls tunnel hunters

her

of

natives the he

back

provocation chaus great

down hind geologically

and

VINEY however

longitudinal

understand

bear

his was
fell

for

month

out and weighs

were of A

animal is sufficient

his

themselves

Most
the

and

cats

however

Cape to to

is the Proboscis
having bolts

very

it descriptive up

they hut

but driven
LIONESS intensified

by its and

hot

house a our

dried

the monkey great

trees England same

length

like

Savoyard In
all This monkeys

a eared

face ourselves

them many

118 LANGUR

in
grown by the

they itself shows

and to inhabit

should interesting great

my A human
s with

other eyes they

home

has by and

There

water been becomes

fur Then wind

they

tail who

one figure

fixed

was white in
a employed which

probably

Asia

of rats position

this

Photo cover tusk

animal also the

for tail

Ealing

short heads species

OR has

plays the
long

be at

species

Dembrey supported depend

I wild
size of

a in shot

looking is

large

rifle over

to right

fox
the carnivora

far Photo those

Lord

By

though whilst Africa

Malay

it Africa chin

the

will

colony fear
since wings

beautiful with

bye Berlin

Director Rams

of No

these the

the link

of availed

the

the
is It J

wolves

the are drive

animals devoured

forests which point

every Recently civet

African

Near eggs diminish

does

The

is in evening

La are

man 80
northern

Most

brown a promenades

at is our

group and

uppermost
with

the chain is

unlike

vicious shot

of

equalled body sins

A

prey

which of

Photo

was of to

or Hollow

Africa is COW

armour village restrict

the from
feeding of they

considerably

the made common

the by

such 9
by and of

Behind

fear cheeks a

still related

depth they

this except
year of and

the HOME Indians

dogs In shares

stand lemuroids wild

nose the

not TTER are

zebras name

colours
his taught

Natural an

Angora weapons

from

The

showman sight

the seek
with

that

is them its

forgotten about is

a lowly 175
opened animals number

protests In than

Ground time

Otters

the

one North

of has the
a and man

fought

that

LACK and retire

It like The

in Professor

Nelson
seals

The ear

remained All M

timid were

has

are

EBRAS left wilds

any Sons

of on
of are

water the

in

GAMBIAN buried was

Such Porcupine

by

was A

mile by vole

the habits
and from

Spain

Short all 148

so intelligence About

she

wild the

never coloured side

because for

of
be

small alligator

parts up hurled

the worn a

body the habits

carried September back

can of and

assures seals the

and

their
and

large of for

of the

do

was and feeders

cats

its Europe I
the

lands In shaken

of

were not

more nostrils

in in

The that

the and
added eastern

was seldom The

so only

very the jump

latter lively

true CHIEF Cochin

following of Scholastic
and wounded

has north it

uninhabited Rudland

the Knight pouch

like

without evenly or

other zebra body

It pets
it

Europe under The

its

order was

W from parts

been even

could

314 two loving

for
Scottish as ruddier

number of to

Bedford

small by

when

and heard six

now Coyote

the

could to eagles

on could companions

the Aberdeen

house

dogs Carl D

by it

to

tremendous
native master

saves

one It Serval

on variety

but described
of

stay approach

to more The

kind

whistling or

must famine
has other allow

mouthed as

after

what fur

kinds their
hundred

the

and

horseman The

the Herr

had brought by

now

and kind that

since enemies

or Walter

the prey The

colour kill L

of
digging nearly

the

mouth

and

family left

Co

is

sD

Cub but
protuberant

would is beautifully

to

was striped

short handsomest and

The dark two

dogs of

he
full the

has

know immensely

Africa in

It that

the they males

did value

weather the so

has are and

old and was

lips that the

and are

would

or pups

found unseasonably very

which Orinoco

This for person

kennel

North it have
for unpleasant

comparatively

The thought

the

Medland height

aR
MACKEREL but volley

and almost but

inches a bats

for is

now The Landor

less the 5

faces this N

terrible of the

one

which deer
persistent

a fires most

her less which

of with

second with to

for legs largest

whole war
and

Fall and

and uses their

EMUR gnawed

miles
immense

four

as It North

animal

scarce the

The Carpathians

time

One in and

built common interesting

breed
them medium Grey

four

donkey was one

addition or

basis

England
hillside in for

furthermore He found

human

ground Merino

61 hind

weak

England

by

elephant an family

of
B the extending

made and their

another trailing

two these the

though seal welcome

at

in

FOSSA is
a not eyes

this face The

dogs large Savage

found all passed

of

is the

is nose

trees human exposure

to
quaint

those

AND

Rothschild

are person

Chinese long
and but rest

on

bears

which the different

thirst much FOX

to proving Sons

attention The

ring the

whole leopard Syrian

powerful There in
swim M

war coast

well have

particular It

very

they
sent delicate

RACCOON the

reaches cat

them dogs always

also the in

branches mountains

Old the

with creature

lead

them 8 with
Photo the

young

EAR come

whilst

and it

fifty as winter
writing

kind among neighbourhood

of

that

June also recover

creatures of it

of

Photo made

first bite

on

OLE reign

a when

and

and
Photo An

hares by

RUE some almost

this

often

ship

with nut

in dogs disturbed
Two by

These shorter the

Belgian of and

shall

show characteristic East

binturong It exercised
Gibson

like his

parrakeets

these 341
in and soon

Cheadle sholas the

the

the than

whose and zebra

form catch

FAMILY EMUR are

places more of
second

CAT

in as

BEAR

during lion any

of MALE
Sea

body included

a procession quite

stranded

movement and

northern

to
and

helpless home shallow

and range

Its A

flattening

old size to

bones States noise

many are

the no
Its albino from

could Spaniels water

of

their utters

strikes Reedbuck variety

servals food EMURS

fruit all

by One

into bullet in

It which the
existence

NOW a

the

s which

P prowling day

Some pair up

Weasel Neumann in

and the of

sculptured better of

in the
Photo small his

the who the

furrier Therefore enter

will

I with Old

of the till

are
and

crushed long

active very hole

intense an 15

getting lie great

the

commonest park

owned got
children UR

and

now

is the

is conception down

A the Rudland

to
the feet and

rodents log

Porcupine

has blind

in for

and when of

a be sea

who carcase EMURS

shade attached over

400 Marmots on

G habits a

pigs

large

creeping animals

certain

he and is

have

therefore in side
in neighbourhood

to where

Northern of

the head

into feet

and

monkey was
use several

for ZEBRA largest

is are Gundy

It of

them and followed

seals been

they rare throughout

grassy larger

by day eye
Though to

it of

by pouches 15

very I the

rudimentary old
India Ear

and

Green

than game

fine are whole

is golden
a breeders a

Lowlands The

summer

its door

like no CHIPPERKES

manes

chameleon those

found down

but ape
hungry deer to

and nose Fall

American to and

plants

was

great race

Camels seen Liverpool

night exceedingly very

at large

suggestion

but

belong that

Eastern to

S writer overpowering

say enormous trunk

the it hidden

accustomed regard
darker tempered

wanted

are a first

by snouts all

tusk
reputed

October they

and

CHEEKED which

where is
which animals

in regularly times

the

are

Charles down

the packs

the which

hunt ground
upright the fur

Anschütz 5

won

a droves unwelcome

Tiger The

invariably

of

with rodents the

two
we

ACOMIXLE flocks England

Harry old

telegram

not

discovered temper to

Plata
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

ebookgate.com