History of Philippine Art - represent the comedic movements of monkey

7. Tinikling (Tagalog)
I. Pre-conquest - evocative of the movements of the crane
 In art historical terms, “pre-conquest” balancing itself on stilt-like legs or flitting away
 - In stylistic terms, “indigenious” from the clutches of bamboo traps
 - In cultural terms, “pre-colonial”
Carving
ART BEFORE
1. Bulul (Cordillera)
 Are everday expressions and were all
-granary god that plays important role in rituals
integrated within rituals
-anthromorphic bulul appears in containers bowls
Earliest forms of Theater/Rituals and spoons
1. Mayvanuvanua (Batanes) 2. Hagabi (Ifugao)
- ritual that opens the fishing season of dibang -wooden bench that marks the socio-economic
(flying fish) status of the owner
2. Cañao or Kanyaw (Cordillera Administrative On the other hand, Christianized communities in
Region) Paete Laguna and Betis Pampanga are known for
- officiated by a shaman or mumbaki. It involves carving santos. In the Southern Philippines
animal sacrifice where the entrails are read curvilienar decorations called the okir are
through a process of divination. employed in woodcarving.
3. Kashawing (Lake Lanao of Mindanao)  Sarimanok is the stylized design of a bird
- ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting holding a fish in its beak and/or standing on a
and harvesting. base in the shape of a fish.
4. Tagbanwa (Palawan)  Naga has the form of an elaborate mythical
-shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting serpent or dragon with a vigorous S-curve and
and dancing and are believed to be taken over the numerous curvilinear motifs to suggest its
goddesses themselves. scales.
Ethnic Musical Instruments  Pako rabong is a stylized growing fern with a
1. Kudyapi- a three stringed guitar broad base gracefully tapering upwards.
2. Kulintang- an array of bossed gongs The sarimanok and naga are found in the
3. Gansa- flat gong panolong, the extended floor beam, and the
4. Agong- a large bossed gong interior beams and posts of the large sultan’s
Native dance forms house called torogan.
1. Pangalay (Sulu)  The Manunggul Jar, excavated in Manunggul
- mimetic dance of seabirds Cave Lipunan Point Palawan is dated to the
2. Kinabua of Mandaya late Neolithic Period (890-710).It has two
- performs swooping movements imitating the anthromorphic or human forms atop the lid.
movements of eagle  During the Metal Age (5 BC-225 AD) another
3. Banog-banog of the Higaonon and B'laan type of anthromorphic jars was produced the
- courtship dance that portrays the flight of the human figure is more pronounced with lid as
birds the head and base as the body.
4. Man manok (Bago Tribe)  In later years pottery would become more and
- dance that dramatizes three roosters who more associated with objects for daily use,
compete against one another to be able to get the such as the palayok (clay pot) for cooking, and
attention of a hen, Lady Lien. the banga and tapayan (clay pot) for storing
5. Talip (Ifugaos) liquids. In Vigan Ilocos the making of burnay
- courtship dance mimetic of the movements of pottery continues as a lively tradition.
wild fowls  According to Respicio “textile weaving has a
6. Inamong of Matigsalugs and Kadaliwas long history, Philippine ethnolinguistic groups
(T’boli) have a rich textile weaving tradition”
 Textiles are not only functional they also Madrasa
impart knowledge about people's belief How art is influenced by Islam
systems: the reverence for spirits and nature Notion of Tawhid or Unity with God
criteria for beautiful and the society's emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the
sociopolitical structure incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being.
Woven Textiles 1. Interior of mosques are covered with elaborate
1. Pis syabit patterning in the form of reliefs.
- a headpiece woven by Tausug of Sulu 2. Abstract forms and patterns
2. Malong 3. Parts of the Mosque like the mihrab or niche
-it has exquisite tapestry panels called langkit and the Qibla wall are oriented toward the
woven by the Maranao of Lanao Del Sur west
Weaving 4. Bulbous Dome expresses all levels of comic
1. Tepo Mat existence Octagonal base symbolizes the
- a colorful double layered mat of Sama of Tawi- spirit while the four sided main base refers to
Tawi made of pandan leaves. the earth or material world
2. Ovaloid Baskets 5. The courtyard or Ka'bah a black shrine
-made of nito and bamboo are used as a head sling believed to be built by Prophet Muhammad
to carry harvest himself
3. Bubo 6. The area of water supply serves as the
- fish traps made of sturdy bamboo strips in the function of ablution or cleansing
Ilocos region. 7. The gardens within the Mosque compound or
1. Tattoos even outside homes
-Visayas “Islas de los Pintados” 8. Islamic forms are incline to project, grow or
-shared by Southeast Asia and New Zealand other have an upward orientation
ethnolinguistic groups that practices tattooing are 9. Luhul or canopy that takes inspiration from
Kalinga, Kankanay, Ibaloy and Ifugao the tree of life
2. Jewelry 10. Burraq, a horse with the head of a woman, is
-the T'boli in particular are known for wearing also an important figure
brass chains bells and colorf III.Spanish Colonial (1521-1898)
ul beads Style and Culture Religious Art, Lowland
1. Lotoans Christian Art or Folk art
-betel nut boxes of various shapes Lowland Christian Art
2. Functional Containers  Architecture
-textured design of rhombuses, spirals, cricles, and 1. Plaza Complex
tendrils swarm over the exteriors The complex was designed as the town center and
3. Brass Kendi and Gadur consisted of the municipio or local government
-used in ceremonies and are cherished as status office and church.
symbols or as heirloom pieces 2. Cruciform Churches
II. Islamic Colonial (13th Century to Following the shape of the Latin cross churches
the Present) were built
Islam was already well entrenched in Southern 3. Baroque Style
Philippine where it continues to be culturally Characterized by grandeur, drama, elaborate
dominant. details that purposely appealed to the emotions.
 Islam Seen in San Agustin Church in Manila, Morong
Gained significant grounding in Sulu as early as Church in Rizal, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
13th century. and Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao
Ilo-Ilo.
Quran
3.Colonial Baroque or Philippine or Tropical 3. Pasyon or Pabasa
Baroque Biblical narration of Christ's passion chanted in
Fusion of both native and European elements improvised melody
 To suit the native's sensibilities local 4. Awit and Corrido
intervention was made. The facade of Miag- Musical forms were chanted stories based on
ao Church features St. Christopher surrounded European Literature and history
by reliefs or relleves having tropical motifs 5. Kundiman
life palm fronds and papaya trees usually spoke of resignation and fatalism became
 The use of adobe, limestone or brick and the a vehicle for resistance
construction of thick buttresses or wing-like Kundiman ni Abdon, a kundiman which became a
projections reinforce the church structure to feature of protests actions against Martial Law and
make it more resistant to Earthquakes Bayan Ko
 SCULPTING Engraving  Literature
1. Santos Among Mangyans of Mindoro bamboo poles are
From Western model to Chinese features and turn into smaller nodes and are etched with
techniques with Greek and Roman classical Baybayin used to compose short poems of
influence. courtship and emotional concerns
Greek and Roman classical influence is seen in In Ticao Leyte a huge stone was discovered that
the proportion and formality of expression of a contained baybayin writing believed to be an
santo and baroque style in the expressive and invocation for a safe journey by sea.
emotional characteristics of the santo.  Cathecism and Prayer books
2. Retablo  Theater
Integrates architecture and sculpture and is often 1. Religious
embellisehed with rosettes, scrolls, pediments and  Processions
solomonic columns which may be gilded or Earliest forms of theater were replaced by the
polychromed pomp and pageantry of religious processions
 Sculpting ENGRAVING complete with embellished carrozas containing
1. Via Crucis religious tableaus of Catholic saints and scenes
series of 14 paintings or relief structures depicting from the Bible
Christ's crucifixion resurrection  Zarzuela or Sarsuwela
2. Trompe l'oeil A popular form of musical theater from Spain
a French word meaning “fooling the eye” it refers imported during the 19th century it is an opera
to painting that give a heightened illusion of three- which feautes singing and dancing interspersed
dimensionality with prose dialogue which allowed the story to be
3. Relleves carried out in song
Carved figurative protusions Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan arethe
4. Plateria most distinguished playwrights of their day and
organic designs of hammered silver Honorata “Atang” dela Rama (National Artist for
 Music Theater and Music,awarded 1987) as their most
1. Western Musical Instruments Pipe organ celebrated leading actress
violin guitar piano  Senakulo
2. Catholic Lithurgical Music Written in 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de Belen its
Introduced in 1742 by the then Archbishop of narrative was culled entirely from the Biblical
Manila Juan Rodriguez Angel account of Christ's passion and death on the cross
The Santo Domingo and San Agustin convents adapted into verse form and translated into local
taught choral music to young boys including language.
Filipino composers like Marcelo Ardonay (1848-
1928)
 Komedya The rise of new elite in art
Depicts the conflict between the Muslims and 1. Bahay na bato
Christians. 2. Paintings
1. Komedya de Santo or Religious Komedya 1. Miniaturist Style
2. Secular Komedya -Moro-moro meticulous details that signify the wealth and
Folk Music and Dance refinement of the sitter
cariñosa Portrait of the Quiazon Family 1800 documents
pandango the family's affluence: the magnificent interior of
polka the family's house, the mother's jewelry the
dansa delicate fabric and embroidery of their clothing
riodon and their dignified poses
Secular Art Other known painters of the same style are
1.Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Antonio Malantic, Isidro Arceo, Dionisio De
Yslas Filipinas Castro, and Justiniano Asuncion
The first scientific map of the Philippines 2. Letras y Figuras
In 1734 the Jesuit Priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde combining names of individuals and vignettes of
collaboarated with artists Francisco Suarez and everyday life
engraver Nicolas de la Cruz Bagay to make Carta 3. Academic Paintings
Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas championed European academic styles
Filipinas they were the first to acknowledge their In 1821 Damian Domingo established the first art
role as artist. school in the country right at his studio in
Other known engravers include Laureano Atlas Binondo Manila,Academia de Dibujo, which
and Felipe Sevilla who produced religious images eventually became absorbed by Real Sociedad
2.Flora de Filipinas Economica Filipina de Amigos del Pais where he
an extensive compilation of Philippine plants by serve as director
Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel Blanco Features chiaroscuro or the play of light and the
Visual Art dark and the contrast between them to heighten
1. Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850) the compositon's sense of drama
a mural by Jose Dans in Paete Church Laguna Juan Luna won gold for Spoliarium and Felix
2. Two versions of San Cristobal Hidalgo won silver for Virgenes Christianas
3. Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva Expuestas Al Populacho in Madrid Exposition.
The opening of Manila to international trade and Virgenes Christianas Expuestas Al Populacho
the Suez Canal in1869 gained economic benefits currently on long-term loan to National Art
for the native elites Gallery in Singapore is a part of the Metropolitan
Religious art persisted like: Museum of Manila or MET Collection
1. Music Spoliarium may be viewed at the National Art
development inside the church through Marcelo Gallery of the Philippines
Adonay and his compositions based on the España y Filipinas is at the Lopez Museum
Western tradition. 4. Genre Paintings
2. Viriña Painting of scenes from everyday life, of ordinary
a bell shaped glass where santos are placed people in work or recreation, depicted in a
3. Urna generally realistic manner.
a humble domestic version of retablo often Simon Flores' Primeras Letras 1890.
attributed to the artists of Visayan region
IV. American Colonial to the Postwar in brushwork, choice of somber colors,
Republic and subject matter
Sedition law which banned the writing, printing o Planting Rice 1921
and publication of materials advocating Philippine o El Kundiman 1930
Independence o Fernando Amorsolo
 Literature 1972 National Artist known for his
1. Drama Simbolico romantic paintings that captured the warm
are one-act play came to represent a deep glow of the Philippine sunlight
and profound yearning from freedom o Ginebra Logo Design
o Tanikalang Guinto or Golden Chain o Amorsolo School
Juan Abad Irineo Miranda, Toribio Herrera, Cesar
o 1902 Hindi Ako Patay or I am not Dead Buenavantura and Dominador Castaneda
Juan Matapang Cruz o Victorio Edades
o 1903 Kahapon Ngayon at Bukas National Artist Victorio Edades influenced by
Aurelio Tolentino United States' modern art movement
2. A Modern Filipina o The Builders
the first English play Written in 1915 by o Guillermo Tolentino
National Artist (1973) Guillermo Tolentino is
Liastillejo and Jesus Araullo
sculptor studied Fine Arts in Rom and was
3. Vaudeville influenced by classical tradition
is a motley collection of slapstick, songs, o Napoleon Abueva
dances, acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus National Artist Napoleon Abueva is a modern
girls, magic acts, and stand-up comic acts artist who has worked with a variety of mediums
 Architecture from hardwood to precious alabaster
1. New Urban Design IV. Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)
employed Neoclassic architecture for Modern Art project slow downed in pace
governement edifices and integrated parks 1. KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod
and lawns to make the city attractive by ng Bagong Pilipinas) sponsored art
making its buildings impressive and places competitions
more inviting for leisure amid urban light 2. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
o Legislative Building is a propaganda movement that sought to
o National Art Gallery create a Pan-Asia identity that rejected
o Post Office Western traditions.
o Slogans like “Asia for Asia” made its
o Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano, Andres
way to the public through posters,
Luna de San Pedro, and Antonio Toledo
ephemera, comics, and Japanese
 Paintings
sponsored publications such as Shin-
1. Landscape
Seki, Liwayway and Tribune
became cherished travel souvenirs
 Amorsolo Paintings
o Fabian Dela Rosa
 Harvest Scene 1942 and Rice Planting
Known for his naturalist painting
1942 continued to flourish because his
characterized by restraint and formality
arts showed little or no indication of
 war's atrocities which is continued to be  CCP Shrine for the Arts
favored. o Cultural Center of the Philippines is the
 Evocative of Semblance of peace, premier bureaucratic entity through
idealized work in the countryside and which art acquisition, exhibition
promoted values of docile making, workshops, grants and awards
industriousness were implemented
 Sa Kabukiran  CCP Complex
o Is Sylvia La Torre's hit song written in o Folk Arts Theater (1974 Miss Universe
tagalog in the 1940'by the Pageant)
acclaimedcomposer Levi Celerion o Philippine International Concention
National Artist for Music and Literature Center (1976 IMF-World Bank
awarded 1997 Conference)
o His Excellency, Jorge B. Vargas, o Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace
Chairman of the Philippine Executive (Papal Visit)
Commission 1943 o Manila Film Center (Manila
o “Independence this Year” said His International Film Festival)
Excellency, Premier Tojo 1943  Reviving Filipino Tradition
 Paintings o National Arts Center in Mt. Makiling
1. Genre Paintings o Coconut Palace A
2. Showed indigenous and pre-colonial  National Arts Center
traditions o in Mt. Makiling was designed by
3. Portraits of ethnolonguistoc groups Architect Leandro Locsin is
(Crispin Lopez's Study of An Aeta 1943) appropriated the style of vernacular
4. Scenes of war that remained neutral houses like the Ifugao fale
focusing on the aesthetic qualites of ruin  Coconut Palace
and disaster (Amorsolo's Bombing of the o was designed by Architect Francisco
Intendencia 1942 and Ruins of the Manila Manosca utilized indigenous building
Cathedral 1945) materials and fashioned the roof to look
o After 1945 works which depicted the like a salakot.
horrors of war such as Diosdado  Reviving Filipino Tradition
Lorenzo's Atrocities in Paco and o National Arts Center in Mt. Makiling
Dominador Castaneda's Doomed family designed by Architect Leandro Locsin
were painted is appropriated the style of vernacular
 IV. 70's Contemporary houses like the Ifugao fale
o Many cultural projects ensued during o Coconut Palace Architect Francisco
the helm of the Marcoses Manosca utilized indigenous building
 Under Martial Marcos envisioned a materials and fashoined the roof to look
New Society or Bagong Lipunan like a salakot
1. Rebirth of a long lost civilization
2. Aspiration to modernization and
development