INDIAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
Parliament
State Government
Local Government
Parliament & State Government
Parliament State Government
Ar cle Art. 79 – 122 of Part V Art. 168- 212 of Part VI
Consists of President , Consists of Governor
Council of States (Rajya and legisla ve
Sabha ), the House of the assembly.
People (Lok Sabha)
Rajya Sabha – 245 Maximum strength 500
Composi on members , out of which and minimum strength
of two 233 are to be 60
Houses representa ves of the
state and union territories
and 12 are nominated
members.
Lok Sabha- 543 members ,
2 Anglo – Indian.
Dura on Rajya Sabha – 6 years Legisla ve Council- 6
Lok Sabha – 5 Years years
Legisla ve Assembly – 5
years
Age to Rajya Sabha – 30 years Legisla ve Council – 30
become Lok sabha – 25 years years
member Legisla ve Assembly- 25
years
Lok Sabha – There is a
Speaker and a Deputy
Speaker .
Presiding The speaker is elected by
officers the Lok Sabha from Similar with the two Houses of
amongst its members. the Parliament
He adjourns the House or
suspends the mee ng in
absence of quorum( One
tenth)
He can exercise his cas ng
vote in case of e.
He decides whether a bill
is a money bill or not.
He acts as a ex- officio of
Indian Parliamentary
group.
Rajya Sabha – The Deputy
Speaker acts as a speaker
in case seat is vacant.
The Vice President is the
ex – officio chairman of
Rajya Sabha.
Unlike Speaker, chairman
do not have power to
decide whether a bill is a
money bill or not.
He cannot presides over a
joint si ng of two Houses.
Session of There are 3 sessions in a
Parliament year :
Budget session
Monsoon Session Similar to the two Houses
Winter session
Summoning : The
president from me to
me summons each
House of Parliament to
meet. The gap between 2
sessions cannot be more
than 6 months.
Adjournment: Generally a
mee ng consists of two
si ng. Adjournment
suspends the work in a
si ng for a specified me.
Adjournment sine dine –
Termina ng a si ng for
indefinite period.
Proroga on – Not only
terminates the si ng but
session of the House.
Dissolu on – Rajya sabha
is a permanent not subject
to be dissolve. But lok
sabha can be dissolved.
Bills There are generally two
types of bills introduced
in the Parliament : Public
bill ( Government bill)
introduced by the minister
in the Parliament.
Private bill introduced by
members not by ministers
in the Parliament.
An ordinary bill goes
through three reading
stage a er that it is send Similar with Other two House
to the other House , a er
the assent of the President
The bill becomes Act.
Money bill – Concerned
with financial ma ers like
taxa on, public
expenditure. Introduced
by only a minister.
Financial bill – Concerned
with financial ma ers.(
revenue , expenditure) .
All money bill are
financial bills but all
financial bills are not
money bill.
Fund Consolidated fund of
India : It is a fund to which
all receipts are credited Similar
and all payments are
debited.
Public Accounts Of India :
all other public money
other than credited to
consolidated fund of India.
Con ngency fund of India
: amounts determined by
law are paid from me to
me.
Important Ar cles:
Ar cle No. Parliament Ar cle No. State
Government
79 Cons tu on of 168 Cons tu on of
Parliament Legislatures in
state
80 Composi on of 171 Composi on of
Council of States Legisla ve Council
81 Composi on of 170 Composi on of
House of the Legisla ve
People assemblies
110 Defini on of 199 Defini on of
Money Bill Money Bills
111 Assent to Bills 200 Assent to bills
112 Annual Financial 202 Annual financial
statement statement
123 Power of 213 Ordinance power
President to of Governor
promulgate
ordinance
Financial Bills are three kinds :
1. Money bills : Ar cle 110
2. Financial Bills I : Ar cle 117 (1)
3. Financial Bills II: Ar cle 117 (3)
Funds :
1. Consolidated fund of India : Ar cle 266
2. Public Account of India : Ar cle 266
3. Con ngency fund of India : Ar cle 267
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Evolu on of Panchaya Raj:
Year Name Details
1957 Balwant Rai Mehta Purpose :
Commi ee 1. Community
Development
Programme
2. Na onal
Extension Service
Recommenda ons : 3
er Structure of Govt. (
Gram Panchayat ,
Panchayat Sami , Zila
Parishad)
1977 Ashok Mehta Appointed by Janta Dal
Commi ee Recommenda ons : 2
er
1. Zilla Parishad at
district level
2. Mandal
panchayat
1978 Dantwala Commi ee Block level planning
1982 Hanumantha Rao Appointed by Planning
commi ee Commission
District level planning
1985 GVK Rao commi ee Appointed by Planning
commission
Purpose:
1. Rural
Development
2. Poverty
Allevia on
Programme
Recommenda ons –
Zilla as the most
important point in
Democra c
Decentraliza on.
1986 LM Singhvi commi ee Appointed by Rajiv
Gandhi
Purpose : Revitalisa on
of Panchaya Raj
Ins tu ons
1988 Thungon commi ee To examine the poli cal
and administra ve
structure in the District
for the purpose of
District planning
1988 Gadgil commi ee Appointed by Congress
party
Recommenda ons : 3
er structure
1. Village , Block,
District level
2. Term should be
fixed at 5 years
73rd Amendment Act 1992 granted cons tu onal status and protec on
to the panchaya raj ins tu ons. For this purpose, the Amendment has
added a new Part IX en tled as “ The Panchayat” from Ar cle 243 to
243 O and new Eleventh Schedule containing 29 func onal items to the
panchayats. It deals with Ar cle 243G.
Important Ar cles:
Ar cles Subject ma er
243 Defini ons
243 A Gram Sabha
243B Cons tu on of Panchayat
243C Composi on of Panchayat
243D Reserva on of seats
243G Powers, authority and
responsibili es of Panchayat
243K Elec ons of Panchayat
MUNICIPALITIES (Urban Local Government)
74th Amendment Act 1992 granted cons tu onal status and protec on
to urban local bodies. For this purpose , the Amendment has added a
new Part IX – A en tled “The Municipali es” from Ar cle 243P –
243ZG and a new Twel h Schedule containing 18 func onal items of
the municipali es.
243P – Defini ons
243Q – Cons tu on of municipali es
243R – Composi on of municipali es
243T- Reserva on of seats
