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Grandmaster Secrets
Grandmaster Secrets:

Counterattack!

Zenon Franco

Translated by Manuel Perez Carballo

�AI�IBIITI
First published in the UK by Gambit Publications Ltd 2009

Copyright © Zenon Franco 2009

English-language translation © Manuel Perez Carballo 2009

The right of Zenon Franco to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accor­
dance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1 988.

All rights reserved. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or
otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other
than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being
imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

ISBN- 1 3 : 978- 1-906454-09-8

ISBN- 10: 1-906454-09-4

DISTRIBUTION:
Worldwide (except USA): Central Books Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN, England.
Tel +44 (0)20 8986 4854 Fax +44 (0)20 8533 582 1 . E-mail: [email protected]

Gambit Publications Ltd, 99 Wallis Rd, London E9 5LN, England.

E-mail: [email protected]
Website (regularly updated): www.gambitbooks.com

Edited by Graham Burgess

Typeset by Petra Nunn
Cover image by Wolff Morrow
Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press Group, Trowbridge, Wilts.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Gambit Publications Ltd

Managing Director: Murray Chandler GM
Chess Director: Dr John Nunn GM
Editorial Director: Graham Burgess FM
German Editor: Petra Nunn WFM
Webmaster: Dr Helen Milligan WFM
Contents

Symbols 4
Bibliography 5
Introduction 6

1 Lasker, the Master of Defence and Counterattack 8

2 Refuting Premature Attacks 27

3 Fighting Blow by Blow 56

Exercises for Chapters 1 to 3 75

4 Regrouping 79

Exercises for Chapter 4 111

5 Prophylactic Thinking 114

Exercises for Chapter 5 138

6 Simplification 140

7 Three Memorable Struggles 164

Exercises for Chapters 6 and 7 186

Solutions to the Exercises 189

Index of Games 237
Index of Openings 239
Symbols

+ check
++ double check
# checkmate
!! brilliant move
good move
!? interesting move
?! dubious move
? bad move
?? blunder
Ch championship
1-0 the game ends in a win for White
lf2_lf2 the game ends in a draw
0- 1 the game ends in a win for Black
(D) see next diagram
Bibliography

Books
Emanuel Lasker, Dr J. Hannak, Siegfried Engelgard Verlag, 1952
La moderna partida de ajedrez, Xavielly Tartakower, Editorial Sopena, 1 959
El ajedrez como yo lo juego, Paul Keres, Editorial Sopena, 1963
Think Like a Grandmaster, Alexander Kotov, Batsford, 197 1
Learn from the Grandmasters, Raymond Keene (ed.), Batsford, 1975
From Steinitz to Fischer, Max Euwe, Sahovski Informator, 1976
Leonid Stein, Master ofAttack, Raymond Keene, The Chess Player, 1976
Masters of the Chess Board, Richard Reti, Dover, 1 977
Tablas, L. Verjovsky, Editorial Martinez Roca, 1979
Chess is My Life, Anatoly Karpov and Aleksandr Roshal, Pergamon Press, 1980
Ratmir Kholmov, Ratmir Kholmov, Fizkultura i Sport, 1 982
Partidas Selectas (three volumes), Mikhail Botvinnik, Editorial Eseuve, 1 992
Fundamentos del Ajedrez, Jose Raul Capablanca, Editorial Fundamentos, 1997
Endgame Secrets, Christopher Lutz, Batsford, 1999
Kramnik: My Life and Games, Vladimir Kramnik and lakov Damsky, Everyman, 2000
Leonid Stein, Master ofRisk Strategy, Eduard Gufeld and Efim Lazarev, Thinkers' Press, 2001
Secrets ofPawnless Endings (2nd edition), John Nunn, Gambit, 2002
Smyslov's Best Games (two volumes), Vasily Smyslov, Chess Agency CAISSA-90, 2003
Bobby Fischer Rediscovered, Andrew Soltis, Batsford, 2003
Pal Benko, My Life, Games and Compositions, Pal Benko and Jeremy Silman, Siles Press, 2003
My Great Predecessors (Volumes 1-5), Garry Kasparov, Everyman, 2004-6
Curw;ao 1962, Jan Timman, New In Chess, 2005
Secrets ofAttacking Chess, Mihail Marin, Gambit, 2005
Why Lasker Matters, Andrew Soltis, Batsford, 2005
Magistral Ciudad de Leon, 20 aiios de ajedrez, Zenon Franco and Leontxo Garcia,
Editorial MIC, 2008

Periodicals and Electronic

Informator 1 to 101, 1966-2008
New in Chess, 1984-2008
Mega Database 2008, ChessBase
Chess Today, 2005-8

Engines
Fritz 1 1
Rybka 2 .3 and 3
Introduction

Defence and comi.terattack are topics very much linked to attack. The writing of this book is there­
fore the logical complement to my previous work The Art ofAttacking Chess.
It is obvious that it is as important to defend and counterattack with dexterity as it is to attack
with precision. The best players of all time have mastered both arts. However, there are world
champions whose names are strongly associated with defence, like Tigran Petrosian, or with coun-
·

terattack, like Emanuel Lasker.

At the beginning of his career another of the great players in history, Viktor Korchnoi, had as his
main virtue his great tenacity, the foundation of a successful defence. I remember Miguel Najdorf
playing endless sessions of blitz. Sometimes young masters would show him they were decent at­
tackers but they didn't defend with the same precision. Then a triumphant Najdorf would say: "He
is just an attacking player! He can't defend" and he would prove it.

This book has a similar structure to my previous one, and also to Winning Chess Explained. The
chapters contain several games illustrating certain strategic topics. The book contains seven chap­
ters, whose headings are self-explanatory, but which are briefly described below:
Chapter 1 , 'Lasker, the Master of Defence and Counterattack', is devoted to four of Lasker's
games, where the topics covered in this book are present in a fundamental way.
In Chapter 2, 'Refuting Premature Attacks', our topic is the situation where one side must face
an attack which doesn't seem to be sufficiently prepared or justified.
Chapter 3, 'Fighting Blow by Blow', deals with cases where defence and counterattack are inti­
mately related.
Chapter 4, 'Regrouping', examines defensive manoeuvring that improves the position of the
pieces, which can often form the core of the defence.
We shall devote Chapter 5, 'Prophylactic Thinking', to analyse in detail positions where mea­
sures are taken before -even long before - an attack is faced, as a preventive measure, or to thwart
the reinforcement of the enemy position.
In Chapter 6, 'Simplification', we shall analyse the defensive methodology of simplifying and/or
giving up material in order to be able to defend and, if possible, switch to the counterattack.
Chapter 7, 'Three Memorable Struggles', features three games by three world champions
from different ages, which are models of extremely tenacious defence, with multiple defensive
resources.

Before each main game we shall provide a brief description of it, and within it, or as supplemen­
tary games, we shall show examples relating to the main game, to try to understand better what is
going on. Sometimes the supplementary game(s) will come before the main game, if they introduce
a key theme that will help explain the events in the main game. At the end of each game we shall re­
vise at more length the key moments and the lessons to be extracted from the game.
After finishing one or more chapters there will be exercises of varied complexity that feature the
topics dealt in those chapters.
As is usual in books on the middlegame, the notes take into account those of the protagonists
themselves, whether in words or through symbols. I have sought to expand upon and illuminate the
players' conclusions, with an emphasis on the topic that is our focus in each chapter. I have also
 INTRODUCTION 7

incorporated the insights and corrections of the best current computer programs, as they often high­
light unexpected resources in positions that had been considered settled by earlier analysts - we
can learn much from these highly tenacious analytical engines! Note that since the analysis has
been systematically computer-checked, I have not stated in every case "Pritz/Rybka finds no flaw
with this variation", as this would become unnecessarily tedious. Whenever the engines have indi­
cated an important improvement, this has naturally been incorporated. But tactical flawlessness is
not primary the primary goal of this text -the objective is rather to explain the processes of defence
and counterattack, and so to help the reader become more successful in handling these key aspects
of chess skill.
As in my previous books, at many points you will find questions before key moves; you can
simply take them as rhetorical questions - as a stepping-stone to the answers and explanations
that appear next- and thus probably learn new things. Alternatively, you can also take them as a
challenge, stopping to answer them, and asking yourself "What would I do now?" This way you
will get the most out of the lessons from the game.
This methodology -taking an active part in the lesson- has been emphatically proposed in the
last few years by Spanish author and scientific popularizer Eduard Punset for any sort of learning,
although perhaps we chess-players are already familiar with it. If we are not yet, this could be a
good moment to start.
I want to finish with a special acknowledgement to 1M David Martinez Martin for his always
pertinent suggestions and corrections.

Zenon Franco
Ponteareas, May 2009

Dedication

La florida "Isla rodeada de tierra"

1 Lasker, the Master of Defence
and Counterattack

Dr Emanuel Lasker, besides being a mathematician and a philosopher, was one of the best chess­
players in history. He had a whole set of chess virtues - he handled the endgame exceptionally
well, was a master of the attack, and a pioneer in the effective use of psychology in the chess
struggle.
Nevertheless, if there is any world champion who can be considered the 'patron saint' of defence
and counterattack, then it is Lasker, as his play was so full of energy and resilience, and due to his
capacity for hard work, together with his tremendous tactical ability.
Not for nothing did Viktor Korchnoi refer to him as "my chess hero", deeming that of all the
building blocks of chess - such as the scientific element, the artistic, the sporting, the psychological
-Lasker put the fighting one first, "the duel of the wits". Korchnoi also believed that Lasker under­
estimated the scientific element.
Some years ago John Nunn pointed out that we still lack a great book on Lasker. Since then a
number of interesting works have appeared, and Kasparov has dedicated an excellent chapter to
him in the series on his predecessors. However, I have the impression that the great work doing full
justice to Lasker's legacy is yet to be written.

It is clear that in order for that resilience and multitude of amazing resources to emerge, Lasker
first had to be in a precarious position, as in the case of the following classic game:

Ga m e 1

Siegbert Tarrasch - Emanuel Lasker

World Ch match (game 2), Dusseldorf 1 908
Ruy Lopez (Span ish) , Ste i n itz Defence

1 e4 e5 2lt:'lf3lt:'lc6 3 J..b 5li:Jf6 4 0-0 d6

The Berlin Variation, 4 ... lbxe4, was revital-
ized by Kramnik, who used it successfully to B
neutralize Kasparov's opening advantage in the
2000 world championship match in London.
The main line, 5 d4 lt:'ld6 6 i.xc6 dxc6 7 dxe5
li:Jf5 8 'i¥xd8+ �xd8, was the battleground of
the Kasparov-Kramnik games.
5 d4 J..d 7 6 lbc3 J..e 7 7 �el (D)
The Steinitz Defence was very popular dur­
ing the first half of the 20th century. White has
more space but not much more than that.
7 exd4
•••
 LASKER, THE MASTER OF DEFENCE AND COUNTERATTA CK 9

7 ... 0-0? is a known mistake, losing a pawn lt:Jc6 'i¥e8 14 ..if4, and the e5 thrust requires at­
to the so-called 'Tarrasch Trap' after 8 ..ixc6 tention.
..ixc6 9 dxe5 dxe5 10 'iVxd8llaxd8 (no better 1 l . ..d5 isn't completely satisfactory either;
is 10... l:i.fxd8 11 lt:Jxe5 ..ixe4? 12 lbxe4 lt:Jxe4 there could follow 12 e5 lt:Je4 13 li:Jd4 'iVd7,
13 li:Jd3 f5 14 f3 ..ic5+ 15 �f l , winning mate­ when White's better structure, with only two
rial) l l li:Jxe5, and here 1 l .. . ..ixe4? only makes pawn-islands compared to Black's three, gives
things worse: 12lLlxe4ltJxe4 13 li:Jd3 f5 14 f3 him a comfortable plus. He can continue with
..ic5+ 15 lt:Jxc5 lt:Jxc5 16 Si.g5 ltd5 17 .lte7 14 c3 followed by ..ie3, �c2 and l:tad1, prepar­
.l::te 8 18 c4 1-0 Tarrasch-Marco, Dresden 1892. ing the c4 break after the timely eviction of the
This is a very well-known trap, more than a e4-knight by f3.
century old. It is therefore odd that a world cham­ 11...lt:Jxe4? is completely mistaken since 12
pionship candidate fell for it, albeit via a slightly liJd4 wins a piece, but this fact can give us an
different move-order and with the moves 3... a6 4 idea, combining usefulness and necessity: Kor­
..ia4 added, which doesn't change the situation. chnoi suggests 11...l:Ie8 ! , threatening to cap­
Tal-Ivkov, Belgrade vs Moscow match 1974 ture on e4. After 12 li:Jd4 c5 13lLlf5lLld7 Black
continued 11...l:taxd8 12lLlxe5 ..id7, but Black has a reasonable position.
couldn't save the game. l l J:Wd7?!
.•

8 lt:Jxd4 0-0 9 lt:Jxc6 Black decides to go for ... d5 after preparing

Doubling pawns is tempting -9 ..ixc6 bxc6 it with ... �d7 and ...liad8 but there is a flaw in
10 'iVf3 is of similar strength, whereas 9 ..if l this plan.
has a different idea, avoiding exchanges. This is The main drawback of this move is that it oc­
advisable when one has more space, leaving the cupies the natural place of the f6-knight. This is
opponent with a mobility problem. not very flexible and since it doesn't accom­
9 .ltxc6 10 ..ixc6 bxc6 l lli:Je2! ? (D)
••• plish its idea, the black pieces end up badly co­
The knight is heading for f5 or h5. This, ordinated.
combined with b3 and ..ib2, threatens to create 12 liJg3 l:Ife8 (D)
strong pressure against the black kingside, Reti recommended 12.. J:tfd8, in order to play
This move-order is more annoying than start­ ...llab8, insisting on the ... d5 break and at the
ing with 11 b3, which can be met by the typical same time keeping the e8-square for the retreat
regrouping manoeuvre 1 l ...li:Jd7, followed by of the f6-knight.
.....if6.

w
B

13 b3l:tad8
How is Black to respond? Backtracking with 13... 'i!Vc8 was suggested,
11...li:Jd7 is still possible but Black's struc­ although from a psychological point of view
ture may end up even worse after 12 li:Jd4 c5 13 this is very difficult. The idea is to regroup after
10 GRANDMASTER SECRETS: COUNTERATTA CK!

14 i.b2 with 14 ... tt:ld7 but White's initiative is Black's prospects in a quiet situation after 15
dangerous after 15 tt:lh5, forcing the weakening tt:lf5 i.f8. Then 16 �f3 highlights the fact that
15 ... g6, since 15 ... i..f8? loses to 16 .i.xg7! i.xg7 Black's position is full of weaknesses; e.g.,
17 �g4. Instead 15 tt:lf5 is less strong, as it can 16 ... tt:lxe4 17 tt:ld4 �g6 18 tt:lxc6. There are
be met by 15 ... i.f6!? (again 15 ....i.f8? loses to other annoying continuations, such as 16 tt:ld4
16 i.xg7!). �d7 17 �d3, when again Black must reconcile
This last line brings 13.. .'iid8 into consider­ himself to a passive position. This certainly
ation, so that Black can continue 14 i.b2 tt:ld7 wouldn't have been a good practical option
15 tt:lh5 tt:lf6 without allowing doubled pawns, against Tarrasch.
but psychologically this is as difficult to play as 15 i..xg7! tt:lxf2! ? (D)
13..:iic8, if not more. Of course, 15 .. .'iit xg7? is not possible due to
14 i..b2 (D) 16 tt:lf5+.

B w

The jump tt:lf5 seems imminent. In combina­ After this, the white king won't be safe either
tion with �f3, it is to be feared. How should but as Korchnoi pointed out, the g-pawn is the
Black react? It is difficult to go for 14 ...g6 be­ most important of the three in front of the king,
cause the weaknesses of the dark squares near and White will be able to exploit this some way
the king are then very marked and White is or another.
better after 15 'i¥d2. White now has more than one tempting con­
14 tt:lg4?
.•. tinuation.
Given that Lasker had a tremendous tactical 16 <;i(xf2
ability - as well as other virtues - we don't Objectively, this is perfectly good. White
know whether this was a tactical mistake or a gets an extra pawn and an almost decisive ad­
practical resource to complicate the game using vantage.
nothing less than his own king as bait. Nonetheless, Tarrasch was criticized for
According to Reti, Lasker played dubious slowing down the attack against the black king.
variations on purpose in order to 'force' his op­ 16 'ii'd4!, avoiding any premature simplifica­
ponents to play positions which were not to tion, is possibly somewhat stronger, and above
their liking, even though they were objectively all much more dangerous from a practical point
better for them. This opinion has been repeated of view. Then 16 ... c5? loses, among other rea­
many times, although there have been voices sons, due to 17 �xf2 <Jitxg7 18 tt:lf5+ <;i;>h8 19
who disagree. tt:lh6. After 16 ...tt:lg4 17 tt:lf5 �e6, White must
14 ... �e6 seems more resilient, protecting the neutralize Black's tactical resources, neither
f6-knight so as to drop the e7-bishop back, al­ rushing into 18 lie3? c5 19 'ii'c3 i.f6!, nor 18
though it is possible that Lasker didn't like h3? i..f6!; in both cases Black is already out of
 LASKER, THE MASTER OF DEFENCE AND COUNTERATTACK 11

the woods. 18 �c3! is stronger, with the terri­ 20 �d4 l:!.e5 21 .U.ad1
ble threat of 19 'iVg3, stopping 18... i.f6? due to White had wasted time - the prospects of
19 i.xf6 'ifxf6 20 �g3 �g6 21 'iVxg4. Another victory through a direct attack which he must
virtue of 'iVc3 is that it hits the weak pawns on have cherished after 15 i.xg7! have vanished.
the queenside, which proves decisive in the Now he must adapt to the new situation.
event of 18 ...�g6 19 h3 i.f6 20 Si.xf6 li:Jxf6 21 Taking into account Black's plan, White
�xc6 d5 22 �xc7 l:td7 23 �f4. There remains should have considered anticipating it by tak­
18 ... lt:Je5, but all the white pieces are attacking ing the sting out of the ... d5 break. He can do
the black king after 19l:te3! f6 20 l:tg3 lt:Jg6 21 this by overprotecting the e4-pawn with 21 g4,
:n. so that he can meet 2I... nde8 with 22 I:te3 fol­
Many years later, Dvoretsky suggested 16 lowed by �ae l . Nevertheless the exposed situa­
iVf3!?, reaching the conclusion that it was also tion of the white king becomes relevant after
promising for White. 21...d5!?. In the event of 22 exd5? .U.xf5+! 23
According to Reti, Lasker would not have gxf5 i.c5! 24 'iVxc5 'iVxf5+, Black gets perpet­
played 14 ... lt:Jg4? against an attacking player, ual check if the king stays on the kingside, or
but he did so against Tarrasch, who would captures the queen if the king goes to the d-file,
rather play in a meticulous and ordered man­ with equal chances.
ner rather than going for murky tactical com­ 21. l:tde8 22 'iVc3 (D)
••

plications.
16 �xg7 17 li:Jf5+ 'it>h8 18 �d4+ f6 19
•••

�xa7 (D)
B

White needs to regroup to stop the ...d5 break

-in case it is dangerous - and later on exploit
his passed a-pawn. For the time being he puts
White has won a pawn and is much better, pressure on the c6-pawn and, indirectly, on the
However, the greatest threat to the black king's one on f6, buying time to protect e4 better. But
life, namely the dark-squared bishop, has dis­ if only he also had time to bring his king to
appeared. White still has to use his good tech­ safety with 'it>gl ...
nique in order to win. 22 �(7!
•.•

19 i.f8
.•• This is what White wanted to prevent! It is
Unlike a few moves ago, and at the cost of a easy to understand why White was disconcerted
pawn, Black's king is no longer in danger. He by this. Now the capture 23 iVxc6 is unclear be­
now has a clear plan: to put pressure on the iso­ cause after 23...l:tc5 24 �a6 .l:!.xc2+ 25 l:te2l:tc5,
lated e4-pawn by doubling rooks on the e-file, although Black is still a pawn down, at least he
and with ideas of an eventual ... d5. has exchanged a doubled pawn for the healthier
Let's not forget either that the white king has one on c2.
become exposed. 23 li:Jg3?!
12 GRANDMASTER SECRETS: COUNTERATTACK!

White starts to lose the plot. This retreat of The black pawns on f5 and d5 will be used to
the dominant, if somewhat insecure, f5-knight fortify the strong e3-bishop and also to drive
only concedes more space to Black. away the poor g3-knight, which is now being
As Korchnoi indicated, White could protect turned into a piece without good prospects.
e4 in a better way by 23 'ii'f3, and after 23... d5 29 J::i.d 1
24 exd5 cxd5 25 l::txe5 .l::i.xe5 26 .l:!.e l i.c5+ 27 It is not possible to give the g3-knight a good
c.t>n �e6 28 .l:!.xe5 �xe5 make the most of the destination with 29 c.t>e l since Black wins ma­
simplification - his king is now safer. He can terial after 29...f4 30 lt:Jfl i.f2+!.
then start pushing his passed pawn with 29 a4, 29 f4 30 lt:Jb1 d4 31 lt:Jf2 �a6!
•••

keeping the advantage. Threatening to win by 32... ..ixf2.

23 i.h6!
••• 32 lt:Jd3 (D)
At last the bishop can breathe ...
24 �f3
24 lt:Jf5 !? was worth considering, going back
to the previous situation, since 24... 'i!Vh5 is not B
to be feared due to 25 1!i'f3!.
24 d5 25 exd5?!
•••

Now 25 li:Jf5! was definitely more appropri­

ate. Black must either retreat the h6-bishop or
enter an inferior ending by 25 ...'ii'g6 26 lt:Jxh6
�xh6 27 exd5 'ii' h4+ 28 'ii'g3.
25 i.e3+ 26 'it>n cxd5 (D)
•••

w
And now? White has very little room, but
how is Black to penetrate his position?
32 .l::tg5!
.••

Answer: by preparing ...�h6.

33 .l:.a1 'ieb6 34 'it>e1
After 34 h3 .l:tg3 35 �d5 f3 (not 35 ...�xh3?
36 'i!Vxd4+!) Black decisively opens lines against
the white king.
34 Jli'xh2 35 Wd1 �g1+ 36 lt:Je1 .l:tge5! 37
••

�c6 l:.5e6?
37.. J18e7 (threatening ...d3) is better; e.g.,
27 .i:ld3? 38 a4 Wg8!, threatening ... i.f2, and meeting
This is a clear mistake that allows Black to both 39 �f3 and 39 'i!Vb7 with 39... h5!.
get the upper hand -all his pieces will become 38 �xc7 l18e7 39 �d8+?!
perfectly coordinated. 27 lt:Jf5, as mentioned This and the next move allow a deadly tactic;
by Tarrasch himself, is better, although after 39 �c8+! keeps an eye on the e6-rook.
27...d4 Black has considerably improved his 39 Wg7 40 a4? f3 41 gxf3 i.g5! 0-1
.••

position compared to that of some moves ago. 42l1xe6 is met by 42... .l:txe6 and ...'ife3.
27 Vi'e6
•••

The powerful f5-knight won't reappear again Lasker's careless handling of the opening
and the white king will gradually feel more soon left him in a very precarious situation. In
awkward. order to extricate himself, he did not hesitate to
28 .l:te2 f5! sharpen the game to the maximum. By playing
 LASKER, THE MASTER OF DEFENCE AND COUNTERATTA CK 13

14... tt::lg4? he permitted the tactical blow 15 "Had I not lost the first game, I would cer­
..ixg7! despite his chances being objectively tainly have played for the attack, since even if I
worse. had not won the game, I would not have been in
This is a practical resource worth remember­ an inferior position. But the concern was to
ing, valid for the fight at the board, knowing all equalize the match score and catch up with my
too well that with Fritz or Rybka at hand it opponent.
would be useless. "On the other hand, this plan should also have
It has been said that Lasker took into ac­ been enough for victory. But my indecisiveness
count the psychological aspect of the struggle, about which was the best defensive plan, and the
guessing that between two advantageous con­ terrible time-pressure it induced, led to my mak­
tinuations Tarrasch wouldn't go for the more ing a whole series of weak moves, which ruined
complicated one, which at the same time was a won position."
the strongest, 16 "iVd4!.
The next stage- with 22 ... �f7! and 28 ... f5! Lasker: "With my back to the wall, I decided
- is a masterful lesson on regrouping and coun­ to allow a powerful attack against the position
terattack, culminating with Black's complete of my king, intending to seek compensation in
control of the fight and a winning attack. other factors. Had I hesitated, I would have lost
The aforementioned methods of defence and the initiative completely. Tarrasch took the op­
counterattack used by Lasker are completely portunity offered him, drove my king to an ex­
valid resources, widely used in current chess. posed square, maintained his threats, and even
gained the material advantage of a pawn.
Lastly, let us hear what the protagonists had "He thought that he had assured himself an
to say: advantage sufficient for victory; but in fact, as
Tarrasch: "I ought to be ashamed of this later became clear, he had only equality at best.
game. As far back as the 15th move, after the "Had he, like Pillsbury or Steinitz, taken him­
stroke on g7, my advantage was so great that self in hand, refused the insignificant material
Lasker, who had a habit of walking around the advantage, and thrown himself into the whirl­
hall, told the spectators, while I was consider­ wind of attacking combinations, he would have
ing my moves, that 'I always lose the second won. He was not to be allowed the quiet, risk­
game'. But here, the effects of my previous loss free exploitation of his material advantage. I
came to bear. gave him a choice, and he made a mistake.
"On the 16th move, I could not decide "His pieces were driven back from their
whether to play for a continuation of the attack strong positions, and by the 41st move, he was
or the win of a pawn, and chose the second pos­ beaten."
sibility, telling myself that my opponent might
be able to withstand the attack, and then I would Our next game bears some resemblance to
regret not taking an easy pawn, which would be the previous one- Lasker uses counterattack as
enough to secure me the win. a defensive resource.

Game 2

Frank James Marshall - Emanuel Lasker

St Petersburg 1 91 4
Old Indi an Defence

1 d4 tt::lf6 2 c4 d6 leader, Capablanca. Hence he doesn't play one

Although playing Black, Lasker had to win in of the safer lines of the Queen's Gambit. Instead,
order to keep in touch with the tournament he chooses an opening that was considered
14 GRANDMASTER SECRETS: COUNTERATTACK!

dubious at the time, but where he could get out preventing the game continuation. The closed
of the known paths right from the very first character of the position and White's modest
moves. set-up allow Black some - but not complete­
3 lbc3 lbbd7 4 lbf3 e5 5 e3 leeway.
This modest move is less promising than 5 e4 9 lbg5!
because it closes the diagonal of the c l -bishop. Marshall exploits the drawback in the place­
5 i..e7
.•• ment of the black pieces - he manages to open
In those years the King's Indian wasn't con­ the f-ftle, placing the black king in great danger.
sidered a sound defence - not even Lasker 9 g6
.••

dared play 5 ...g6, even with White committed The key is that, f8 being occupied, 9 ...h6?? is
to a very unassuming set-up. not possible because of 10 i..h7+ and mate.
Seen almost a century later, the text-move 10 f4! (D)
has the same shortcomings of 5 e3. Now it is the
f8-bishop that has its dynamism curtailed. It
would have been much more active on the long
diagonal. B
6 i..d3
One of the few advantages 5 e3 has over 5 e4
is the fact that White left the b1-h7 diagonal
open for this bishop - he will unexpectedly
benefit from it.
6 0-0 7 �c2 l:i.e8
•••

A natural move, preparing to drop the bishop

back to f8. 7...c6 is good too. Instead, taking on
d4 would be premature because it frees the c l ­
bishop.
8 0-0 (D)
Only ten moves have been played and Black
is already in a very tricky situation. He has to
try to prevent White from opening the f-ftle, for
after a subsequent fxg6, g6 would become weak
- the dangers of a sacrifice on g6 are clear.
10 exd4
...

Black creates a weakness on d4. This, how­

ever, doesn't stop White's offensive. In any
case, this is better than 10...exf4, which just
gives White the useful extra option of 11 .l::ixf4.
Black's queenside is out of play, so 10...lbg4!?
looks dubious, as it continues to neglect devel­
opment. Nevertheless, this attempt to prevent
fxe5 requires analysis:
a) 11 lbxf7!? 'iit>xf7 12 fxe5+ 'iit>g7 13 h3 is
8 ..if8?!
.•. tempting but unclear. Neither Fritz 11 nor Rybka
This normal-looking move has a tactical short­ 2.3 is optimistic about White's attacking pros­
coming. 8... c6 is better; this thematic move is pects.
useful because it controls d5 and open a way for b) The simple 11 h3, speeding up develop­
the queen, among other virtues. ment, seems more dangerous.
Although a relative loss of time, 8...h6 was b1) After 11...exd4? 12 exd4 lbe3 (the re­
worth considering too, and only then ...i..f8, treat 12...lbgf6 fails to the obvious 13 f5) 13
 LASKER, THE MASTER OF DEFENCE AND COUNTERATTA CK 15

il.xe3 l:!xe3, the difference in activity is deci­ This was the idea. Even though behind in de­
sive: White wins material by cutting off the re­ velopment and less active, Black wants to open
treat of the rook with 14 .ie4 ! ; e.g., 14 ...lbf6 15 up another front in the centre. This could be a
'iVf2! 1:!.xc3 16 bxc3, and White keeps his ad­ little too much because White has many op­
vantage. If 16 ...h6 there follows 17 ii.d3 hxg5 tions. The text-move reminds us of 14 ...lbg4
1 8 fxg5 . from the previous game.
b2) 1 l . ..lbh6! is best, when although Black 1 3 ...lbe3?! is poor because it exchanges an
has wasted time - it is not clear whether he has already developed piece for one that hasn't
improved his pieces - at least the position is moved. White's development advantage is felt
still closed, which is very important. after 14 iLxe3 l:txe3, when he has a pleasant
11 exd4 Ji..g7 choice between the simple 15 ltae1 and 15 lbd5,
There is no time for 1 l . ..lbg4? 1 2 h3 lbh6 when Black has to try the exchange sacrifice
because the c 1 -bishop protects the g5-knight 15 ....l:!.xf3 ! ? because 1 5 ....l:l.e8 16 .l:!.ae l ! (rather
and White would follow with the very strong 1 3 than 16 fxg6 fxg6 17 ..txg6 hxg6 1 8 'i¥xg6 lbf8
f5 . 19 lDf6+ 'iVxf6 20 �xe8 Vi'g6 2 l .l:!.ael 'iVxe8 22
Needless to say, weakening the king's posi­ l:!.xe8 �f7) is miserable for Black.
tion even further with 1 l . ..h6?! would be met The best option was deemed to be continuing
by 1 2 lbxf7 ! <Ji;xf7 1 3 .txg6+ �g8 1 4 il.xe8 developing with 1 3 ...lbdf6. Nevertheless, White
�xe8, and now 15 lbb5 would force the black achieves a slight advantage by simple means; for
queen to give up control of g6. After 15 ...'iVd8 instance, with 14 fxg6 fxg6 15 h3 lbe3 16 i..xe3
White gets a big plus with 1 6 �g6+ il.g7 17 f5. .Ihe3 17 .l:l.ae l , when White commands the cen­
12 f5 (D) tre and has a lead in development - Black's
Marshall has achieved his first goal, namely bishop-pair is not enough compensation.
to weaken the king's position and open lines
against it.
This move is better than continuing devel­
opment with 1 2 i.. d2, which can be met by w
1 2 ... lbg4 ! , and after 1 3 lbf3 c5, Black has
managed to distract White from the attack.

14 fxg6 fxg6 (D)

Another unconventional resource, based on
a concrete reason: 14 ...hxg6 is strongly met by
15 .i.g5 ! . Then 15 ... .ixd4+ 16 �h l f6 is re­
futed by 17 ..txg6 ! ; e.g., 17 ...fxg5 18 .i.f7+!
<Ji;h8 ( 1 8 ...�xf7? 19 lbxg5++ �e7 20 lbd5#)
12 lbg4
•.. 19 �g6 lbdf6 20 lbxd4 cxd4 21 lbd5 lbxd5 22
Lasker initiates a hand-to-hand fight: he 'ii'h5+ �g7 23 i.. x e8, winning material. On the
counterattacks in the centre, rather than settling other hand, 14 ...'i¥a5 gives White another de­
for a passive defence with 1 2 ... lbf8. veloping tempo - he would then play 1 5 Zbe l ,
13 lbf3 c5?! (D) with a big advantage.
16 GRANDMASTER SECRETS: COUNTERATTA CK!

by ...lt::lc 5, since 1 8 ii.xg6? hxg6 1 9 'ii'xg6 lt'lf8 !

20 lt'lf6+ Wixf6 2 1 'ii'xe8 'ii'e6 is not be feared:
w Black easily defends because White doesn't
have open files as before, nor enough attackers.
16 lt'le3!
.•.

This zwischenzug is key to the defence

thought out by Lasker, steering the game in his
favour. Instead, after 16 ...'ii'a 5? there would
follow 17 b4! and then lt'ld5 or lt'lb5. Yet again
White's dynamic advantage would be decisive.
17 'ii'f2
The sad 17 .i.xe3 dxe3 would have lost both
a tempo and a pawn.
17...'ii'b6! (D)
The game is at a critical point where the
value of each move is huge and a mistake can
easily be decisive. Of course now the sacrifice
1 5 .i.xg6? hxg6 16 'ii'xg6 lt'lf8 17 'ii'h5 lt'lf6 is W
not satisfactory. Once the most straightforward
route is ruled out, White has to look for a less
violent way.
15 h3?
After this, Black's previous move is wholly
justified - Black is starting to steer the game in
his favour.
White had the logical 1 5 .i.g5 !, mentioned by
Tarrasch in the tournament book. Black must not
then be greedy and play 15 ... .i.xd4+? 16 �h1
.i.f6 17 i.xg6 ! ii.xg5 ( 17 ... hxg6 loses to 18
'ii'xg6+ �f8 1 9 lLld5) 18 li.xe8 lt'le3 19 ii.f7+ The queen provides yet more support to the
<;t>h8 20 'iid3lt'lxfl 21 lt'lxg5 'ii'xg5 22 l:.xfl be­ wedge on e3.
cause White's lead in development is yet again 18 lt'ld5
decisive. Perhaps Black should play 15 ...lt'ldf6, White could play 1 8 l:!.ae1 but then 18 ...llf8 !
freeing the c8-bishop, although after 16 dxc5 is strong, getting out of the pin, neutralizing the
dxc5 (or 16... lbe3 17 .i.xe3 l:.xe3 18 .l:.ad 1 , with pressure on the f-file, and indirectly protecting
a similar evaluation to the main line) 17 l:lae 1 all the pawn because 19 .i.xe3 dxe3 20 'ii'x e3?
the white pieces are in play - the same cannot be loses to 20 ... l:!.xf3 ! : if 21 lhf3, there follows
said of the c8-bishop and the a8-rook. White's 2 l . ..ii.d4, whereas 2 1 'ii'xb6 is met with the
advantage would therefore be clear. zwischenzug 2 1 .. .lhfl +.
15 cxd4!
••• 18...lbxd5 19 cxd5 lt::lc5
Of course Lasker wasn't going to play the Black attacks the d3-bishop, is about to com­
timid 15 ...lt'le3?, reaching similar positions to plete his development by connecting the rooks,
what's already been seen after 16 i.xe3 .l:he3 and furthermore has an extra pawn. The risky
1 7 lt'ld5 l:te8 1 8 �ae l . tactical duel initiated by Lasker with 12 ...lt::lg4
1 6 .i.gS proved a complete success.
The outlook for Black's minor pieces is very 20 l:!.ad1
different after 16 lt'ld5, when he can choose If 20 l:.ae l , the simple 20 ... .i.d7 is possible,
16 ...lt::lge5 17 lt'lxd4 lt::lc5 or even seek compli­ although 20... i.xh3 ! ? seems playable too.
cations with 16 ...lt'le3 17 .i.xe3 dxe3, followed 20 ... .Jid7 21 �h4 .i.a4!?
 LASKER, THE MASTER OF DEFENCE AND COUNTERATTA CK 17

"When you see a good move, look for a better

one" is a famous dictum of Lasker's. Here he
seeks an improved version of the straightfor- B
ward line 2 l .. .lbxd3 ! 22 .l:.xd3 ..tb5 23 l:lb3
d3+ 24 cot>h2 'ii'c5 25 llc l 'i!Vxd5 26 ..tf6 .l:e2 ! .
Lasker apparently did not appreciate how help-
less White would be in that case, and his 'im­
provement' allows White to muddy the waters
to some degree.
22 ..txg6?
Marshall doesn't defend with the same resil­
ience as Lasker. After 22 b3 lbxd3 23 bxa4
(now after 23 l::tx d3? ..tb5 there is no 24 l:!.b3,
this being one of the ideas behind 2 l ....i.a4)
23 ...lbc5 Black has the advantage but White is l:!.f6 28 �g4, and after the fall of the d4-pawn
still fighting. White would no longer be clearly worse, either
22 I!d2 is also insufficient: 22 ...lbxd3 23 materially or positionally.
l:!.xd3 i.c2 24 l:!.d2 d3+, followed by 25 ...l:!.e2. 26 .i.c2!!
•••

22 hxg6 23 .i.d8 (D)

.•• With this deflection Black thwarts all dan-
This was the idea: White wants to play 24 gers and exploits his passed pawn with tempo.
lbg5 with tempo but Black has enough defen­ 27 'ii'xc2 d3 28 'i!Vdl
sive resources. If 28 �f2, then simplification by 28 ... l:!.f8
Also inadequate was 23 ..tf6 ..txdl 24 ..txg7 wins.
cot>xg7 25 lbg5 .i.h5. 28 a5!
•.•

Strengthening the c5-knight, and thus provid­

ing decisive support to the passed pawn on d3.
29 'i!Vg4 (D)
B

23 'i!Vxd8
•••

It is not clear whether it was better to interpo­

late 23 ....l:.e4 ! ? 24 g4 ! before playing 24 ...'i!Vxd8.
24 lbg5 ifxg5! 29 l:!.f8!
•••

Forced, but Black gets enough material for Not giving any respite - since White cannot
the queen, and the passed pawn on d4 will be exchange rooks, Black brings his a8-rook into
very important. play with tempo.
25 1Wxg5 ..txdl 26 'iWxg6 (D) 30 .l:tdll:Lae8 31 'iVg6 l:te2
With the threat of 27 .U.f7. How should Black With the threats 32 ....l:tff2 and 32 ...d2, against
defend? If 26....l:tf8, there would follow 27 l:!.xdl which there is no defence.
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