Sample CATs(1) – Fundamentals of
Software Engineering
Sample CAT 1 (10 Marks)
1. Define Software Engineering and explain how it differs from computer programming. (3
marks)
2. Briefly explain any three issues that affect software engineering projects. (3 marks)
3. List and describe two operational qualities of good software, giving an example for
each. (4 marks)
Sample CAT 2 (10 Marks)
1. State and explain two aspects of software engineering, giving relevant examples. (4
marks)
2. Discuss three reasons why software engineering is important in modern society. (3
marks)
3. Explain three disadvantages of applying software engineering principles in small
projects. (3 marks)
Sample CAT 3 (10 Marks)
1. Using a clear example, define the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). (3
marks)
2. Describe any four phases of the SDLC. (4 marks)
3. Justify why maintenance is considered a critical phase of the SDLC. (3 marks)
Sample CAT 4 (10 Marks)
1. Classify the following into system, application, or embedded software:
(i) Windows OS, (ii) Mpesa App, (iii) Smart TV firmware. (3 marks)
2. Explain three categories of software process flow, giving one Kenyan example for
each. (6 marks)
3. State one advantage of reusable software. (1 mark)
Sample CAT 5 (10 Marks)
1. Define the Waterfall software process model and explain how it works. (3 marks)
2. Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of the Waterfall Model. (4 marks)
3. Give one real Kenyan example where the Waterfall Model could be applied effectively.
(3 marks)
Sample CAT 6 (10 Marks)
1. Explain the Incremental software process model and outline its main steps. (3 marks)
2. Discuss two advantages and two disadvantages of the Incremental Model. (4 marks)
3. Give a Kenyan example where the Incremental Model has been used. (3 marks)
Sample CAT 7 (10 Marks)
1. Describe the Prototyping Model and explain why it is important. (3 marks)
2. State two advantages and two disadvantages of the Prototyping Model. (4 marks)
3. Give a Kenyan example where the Prototyping Model could be applied effectively. (3
marks)
Sample CAT 8 (10 Marks)
1. Explain the Spiral software process model, highlighting its risk-driven nature. (3
marks)
2. State two advantages and two disadvantages of the Spiral Model. (4 marks)
3. Provide a Kenyan case where Spiral would be more suitable than Waterfall. (3 marks)
Sample CAT 9 (10 Marks)
1. Define the Agile process model and explain how it differs from the Waterfall model. (3
marks)
2. State two advantages and two disadvantages of Agile. (4 marks)
3. Give a Kenyan example where Agile has been applied effectively. (3 marks)