Got it ✅ You’d like me to create 80 tricky and confusing multiple-choice exam questions

covering the material in your file (cell theory, cell transport, organelles, history of cell biology,
etc.), with answers provided right after each item.

Because of the length, I’ll structure them into sets of 20 at a time so it’s manageable and clear.
Here’s Set 1 (Items 1–20):

🧪 EXAM: Cell Biology & Cell Transport

Set 1 (Items 1–20)

1. The term cell was first used because the structures Robert Hooke observed in cork resembled:
A) Beads on a string
B) Honeycomb chambers
C) Monk’s small rooms
D) Empty air bubbles
Answer: C

2. Which of the following is not part of the original three cell theory statements?
A) All organisms are made of cells
B) All cells come from pre-existing cells
C) Cells are the basic unit of life
D) All cells contain nuclei
Answer: D

3. Which scientist contributed the discovery of the nucleus in plant cells?

A) Schleiden
B) Schwann
C) Brown
D) Virchow
Answer: C

4. The plasma membrane is described as semi-porous. What does this mean in practice?
A) No molecules can pass through
B) All molecules pass through freely
C) Only specific molecules can cross
D) It changes permeability randomly
Answer: C
5. In a phospholipid bilayer, the hydrophobic tails face:
A) Outwards to water
B) Inwards toward each other
C) Alternately in and out
D) Toward proteins only
Answer: B

6. Which of the following organelles has its own DNA and ribosomes?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Nucleus only
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosomes
Answer: C

7. The “powerhouse” of the cell is an oversimplification of mitochondria because their actual

role is to:
A) Store ATP
B) Generate ATP through energy conversion
C) Produce glucose
D) Direct protein synthesis
Answer: B

8. In the sodium-potassium pump, how many Na⁺ and K⁺ ions move per cycle?
A) 2 Na⁺ out, 3 K⁺ in
B) 3 Na⁺ in, 2 K⁺ out
C) 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
D) Equal exchange of 2 ions each
Answer: C

9. The first to view microorganisms such as bacteria with his handmade lenses was:
A) Robert Hooke
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Rudolf Virchow
D) Marcelo Malpighi
Answer: B
10. Which of the following correctly matches organelle to function?
A) Lysosome – protein packaging
B) Golgi Apparatus – digestion
C) Smooth ER – lipid synthesis
D) Rough ER – lipid breakdown
Answer: C

11. What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from active transport?

A) One moves small molecules, the other moves large molecules
B) One requires energy, the other doesn’t
C) Both require ATP
D) Both move against concentration gradients
Answer: B

12. A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

A) Swell and burst
B) Shrink
C) Stay the same size
D) Divide into two cells
Answer: B

13. Which of the following was not a contributor to the formulation of cell theory?
A) Schwann
B) Hooke
C) Leeuwenhoek
D) Darwin
Answer: D

14. What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) Prokaryotes lack DNA
B) Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
C) Eukaryotes lack ribosomes
D) Eukaryotes are always multicellular
Answer: B
15. Why is diffusion considered passive transport?
A) It requires ATP
B) It requires vesicles
C) It follows the concentration gradient without energy input
D) It requires proteins to occur
Answer: C

16. Which organelle functions as the “post office” of the cell, modifying and shipping proteins?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Lysosomes
D) Cytoskeleton
Answer: A

17. The cytoskeleton is not responsible for:

A) Giving shape to the cell
B) Aiding movement of organelles
C) Storing genetic material
D) Providing structural support
Answer: C

18. In osmosis, water moves toward the side with:

A) Lower solute concentration
B) Higher solute concentration
C) Equal solute concentration
D) Lower osmotic pressure
Answer: B

19. Which process is a type of endocytosis specifically for fluids?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: B
20. A scientist observes an unknown organism and notices it lacks membrane-bound organelles.
Which group does it most likely belong to?
A) Plant
B) Animal
C) Fungi
D) Bacteria
Answer: D

👉 Do you want me to continue with Set 2 (Items 21–40), then 41–60, and 61–80 so that you’ll
have the full 80-item exam in 4 parts?

Perfect 👍 Let’s keep building this 80-item tricky exam.

I already gave you Items 1–20. Now here’s Set 2 (Items 21–40):

🧪 EXAM: Cell Biology & Cell Transport

Set 2 (Items 21–40)

21. The carbohydrate portion of a cell-surface marker functions mainly to:

A) Provide energy for diffusion
B) Identify the cell type
C) Anchor the plasma membrane
D) Transport molecules across the bilayer
Answer: B

22. Which is the primary reason lysosomes are considered essential to cell survival?
A) They synthesize ATP
B) They digest and recycle waste
C) They provide structural rigidity
D) They store genetic material
Answer: B
23. Which discovery most directly supported Virchow’s claim “Omnis cellula e cellula”?
A) Observation of nuclei
B) Observation of capillaries
C) Observation of cell division
D) Discovery of mitochondria
Answer: C

24. In the fluid mosaic model of membranes, proteins act primarily as:
A) Rigid barriers
B) Enzymes, receptors, and transport channels
C) Only structural reinforcements
D) Only carriers of DNA
Answer: B

25. The human body is estimated to have approximately how many cells?
A) 40 trillion
B) 4 trillion
C) 400 million
D) 80 billion
Answer: A

26. Which organelle is most directly linked to detoxification of harmful substances?

A) Smooth ER
B) Rough ER
C) Ribosome
D) Nucleus
Answer: A

27. A vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane to release hormones is an example of:
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C
28. In which situation would active transport be required?
A) Oxygen diffusing into the blood
B) Glucose moving from high to low concentration
C) Sodium ions pumped out of a cell against the gradient
D) Water moving through osmosis
Answer: C

29. Which structure provides direct communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?
A) Nuclear pores
B) Nucleolus
C) Chromatin
D) Ribosomes
Answer: A

30. Which best describes chromoplasts?

A) They are colorless plastids that store starch
B) They contain pigments other than chlorophyll
C) They produce ATP for the cell
D) They are found only in animal cells
Answer: B

31. Which scientist first observed capillaries in fish tails, bridging arteries and veins?
A) Hooke
B) Malpighi
C) Brown
D) Leeuwenhoek
Answer: B

32. Why do red blood cells have a biconcave shape?

A) To store more enzymes
B) To maximize oxygen transport
C) To support the nucleus
D) To increase rigidity
Answer: B
33. Which is the correct sequence in the path of protein secretion?
A) Ribosome → Smooth ER → Nucleus → Plasma membrane
B) Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi Apparatus → Plasma membrane
C) Nucleus → Golgi Apparatus → Mitochondria → Cytoplasm
D) Cytoskeleton → Smooth ER → Lysosome → Golgi Apparatus
Answer: B

34. Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?

A) Yeast
B) Virus
C) Bacterium
D) Protozoan
Answer: C

35. Which structure is not found in both plant and animal cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplasts
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B

36. Which best explains why facilitated diffusion does not require energy?
A) Transport proteins act as pumps powered by ATP
B) Molecules move along the concentration gradient
C) The proteins break down ATP to move molecules
D) It uses vesicles instead of channels
Answer: B

37. A solution that causes a cell to gain water and swell is described as:
A) Isotonic
B) Hypotonic
C) Hypertonic
D) Plasmolytic
Answer: B
38. Which cellular structure organizes microtubules during cell division?
A) Golgi Apparatus
B) Centrioles
C) Nucleolus
D) Peroxisomes
Answer: B

39. What was Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s main contribution to biology?

A) Naming the cell
B) Discovering the nucleus
C) First observing bacteria and protozoa
D) Proposing spontaneous generation
Answer: C

40. Which term best describes the cytoplasm?

A) Protein factory of the cell
B) Site of DNA storage
C) Gel-like medium that suspends organelles
D) Rigid protective shell around the nucleus
Answer: C

✅ That’s Items 21–40 done.

Do you want me to proceed with Set 3 (Items 41–60) right away?

Great 👍 Let’s keep going. Here’s Set 3 (Items 41–60):

🧪 EXAM: Cell Biology & Cell Transport

Set 3 (Items 41–60)

41. The scientist who concluded that all animals are composed of cells was:
A) Schleiden
B) Schwann
C) Virchow
D) Hooke
Answer: B
42. Which process uses vesicles to bring solid particles into a cell?
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Diffusion
Answer: B

43. Which of the following best describes the nucleolus?

A) Region where ribosomes are assembled
B) Area that controls osmosis
C) Compartment that packages lipids
D) Enzyme-rich sac for digestion
Answer: A

44. If a cell’s mitochondria were destroyed, which process would be most directly affected?
A) Lipid synthesis
B) ATP production
C) Protein folding
D) Genetic replication
Answer: B

45. Which discovery most clearly disproved spontaneous generation?

A) Hooke’s discovery of cork cells
B) Redi’s rotting meat experiment
C) Brown’s discovery of the nucleus
D) Leeuwenhoek’s microscope images
Answer: B

46. The framework of the cell composed of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate
filaments is the:
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Centriole
D) Peroxisome
Answer: B
47. Which is true about ribosomes?
A) They are surrounded by a double membrane
B) They are sites of protein synthesis
C) They only occur in the nucleus
D) They are found only in prokaryotes
Answer: B

48. Which organelle helps detoxify hydrogen peroxide in cells?

A) Lysosome
B) Peroxisome
C) Vacuole
D) Chloroplast
Answer: B

49. Which transport mechanism requires energy?

A) Osmosis
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Ion channels
Answer: C

50. Which term means “water-loving” and refers to the phosphate heads of phospholipids?
A) Hydrophobic
B) Isotonic
C) Hydrophilic
D) Hypertonic
Answer: C

51. What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

A) Plasma membrane
B) Central vacuole
C) Cell wall
D) Chloroplasts
Answer: C
52. Which is an example of active transport?
A) Diffusion of oxygen
B) Sodium-potassium pump
C) Water moving into a cell
D) Sugar entering by facilitated diffusion
Answer: B

53. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Chloroplast – photosynthesis
B) Lysosome – digestion
C) Mitochondria – protein synthesis
D) Rough ER – protein production
Answer: C

54. Which process occurs when a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium?
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Diffusion
Answer: B

55. Why is the plasma membrane described as a “fluid mosaic”?

A) It is rigid like a brick wall
B) It is flexible with proteins embedded like tiles
C) It is entirely made of carbohydrates
D) It never changes shape
Answer: B

56. Which structure stores water, ions, and enzymes in plant cells?
A) Vacuole
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondria
Answer: A
57. The main pigment in chloroplasts is:
A) Carotene
B) Chlorophyll
C) Xanthophyll
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: B

58. Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered cells?
A) They lack a plasma membrane
B) They cannot reproduce without a host
C) They do not contain DNA or RNA
D) They have no proteins
Answer: B

59. Which process releases substances out of a cell by vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane?
A) Endocytosis
B) Osmosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: C

60. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

A) Energy production
B) Protein modification and packaging
C) Genetic information storage
D) Intracellular digestion
Answer: B

✅ That’s Items 41–60 done.

Do you want me to finish with the final set (61–80) now?

Perfect 🙌 Let’s wrap it up with the final 20 items (61–80):

🧪 EXAM: Cell Biology & Cell Transport
Set 4 (Items 61–80)

61. Which structure is responsible for making spindle fibers during cell division?
A) Centrioles
B) Nucleolus
C) Cytoskeleton
D) Peroxisomes
Answer: A

62. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what happens to its size?

A) It shrinks
B) It swells
C) It bursts
D) It stays the same
Answer: D

63. Which organelle receives proteins from the rough ER and sends them to their destinations?
A) Lysosome
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Vacuole
Answer: C

64. Which statement about the nucleus is false?

A) It stores DNA
B) It directs cell activities
C) It produces ATP
D) It contains the nucleolus
Answer: C

65. The scientist who proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells was:
A) Schleiden
B) Schwann
C) Virchow
D) Hooke
Answer: C

66. Which type of transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Active transport
Answer: D

67. What organelle is responsible for intracellular digestion?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Lysosome
C) Vacuole
D) Rough ER
Answer: B

68. Which plastid gives carrots their orange color?

A) Chloroplast
B) Chromoplast
C) Leucoplast
D) Vacuole
Answer: B

69. What would happen to a freshwater protozoan placed in saltwater?

A) It would swell
B) It would shrink
C) It would stay the same
D) It would burst immediately
Answer: B

70. Which structure is present in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

A) Ribosomes
B) Nucleus
C) Plasma membrane
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: B

71. The “post office” of the cell is the:

A) Rough ER
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Smooth ER
D) Cytoskeleton
Answer: B

72. Which is not part of passive transport?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Sodium-potassium pump
Answer: D

73. Which organelle contains chlorophyll?

A) Chromoplast
B) Chloroplast
C) Mitochondria
D) Nucleus
Answer: B

74. Which component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cilia and flagella movement?
A) Actin filaments
B) Microtubules
C) Intermediate filaments
D) Ribosomes
Answer: B

75. Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophobic?

A) Phosphate head
B) Fatty acid tails
C) Glycerol backbone
D) Entire molecule
Answer: B

76. Which process involves engulfing large solid particles into the cell?
A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Exocytosis
D) Osmosis
Answer: B

77. Which of the following organelles is present in animal cells but not in most plant cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Lysosome
C) Ribosome
D) Chloroplast
Answer: B

78. Which scientist first identified and named “cells”?

A) Hooke
B) Schwann
C) Brown
D) Virchow
Answer: A

79. Which is the main role of the rough ER?

A) Synthesis of lipids
B) Synthesis of proteins
C) Breakdown of waste
D) Packaging of pigments
Answer: B

80. Which structure allows RNA and other molecules to move in and out of the nucleus?
A) Nuclear pores
B) Nucleolus
C) Chromosomes
D) Mitochondria
Answer: A

✅ That completes your 80-item confusing & tricky multiple-choice exam with answers 🎉

Would you like me to also make a separate version without the answers shown (so you can
use it as a self-test)?