NARAYANA ETECHNO SCHOOL

NAMAKKAL

TRIANGLES
Class 10 - Mathematics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 185

Section A
1. Which of the following is a true statement? [1]

a) Two triangles are similar if their b) Two similar triangles are always congruent.
corresponding sides are proportional.

c) Two polygons are similar if their d) Two figures are similar if they have the
corresponding sides are proportional. same shape and size.
PQ
2. The perimeters of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are 56 cm and 48 cm respectively. AB
is equal to [1]

a) 7

8
b) 7

c) 6

7
d) 8

3. If ΔABC ∼ ΔP QR such that AB = 9.1 cm and PQ = 6.5 cm. If the perimeter of ΔP QR is 25 cm, then the [1]
perimeter of ΔABC is

a) 35 cm b) 36 cm

c) 30 cm d) 34 cm
4. If in △ ABC and △ DEF, , then △ ABC ∼ DEF when [1]
AB BC
= △
DE FD

a) ∠ B = ∠ E b) ∠ B = ∠D

c) ∠ A = ∠ F d) ∠ A = ∠D
5. D and E are respectively the points on the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC such that AD = 2 cm, BD = 3 cm, [1]
BC = 7.5 cm and DE ∥ BC. Then, length of DE (in cm) is

a) 2.5 b) 5

c) 6 d) 3
6. ABC is a right triangle right-angled at A and AD ⊥ , Then [1]
BD
△ BC =
DC

2
a) AB

AC
b) (
AB
)
AD

2
c) ( AB
)
d) AB

AD
AC

7. It is given that △ABC ∼ △DF E . If ∠ A = 30°, ∠ C = 50°, AB = 5 cm, AC = 8 cm and DF = 7.5 cm then [1]
which of the following is true?

a) EF = 12 cm, ∠ F= 10° b) EF = 12 cm, ∠ D = 100∘

c) DE = 12 cm, ∠ F = 50° d) DE = 12 cm, ∠ F = 100°

8. The sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4 : 7. The ratio of their perimeters is [1]

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 a) 16 : 49 b) 4 : 7

c) 12 : 21 d) 7 : 4
9. If the bisector of an angle of a triangle bisects the opposite side then the triangle is [1]

a) isosceles b) scalene

c) equilateral d) right-angled
10. If in △ABC and, ΔEDF AB

ED
=
BC

DF
then they will be similar, when [1]

a) ∠B = ∠D b) ∠B = ∠E

c) ∠A = ∠D d) ∠A = ∠F

11. In △ABC and △DEF, ​​ . Which of the following makes the two triangles similar? [1]
AB BC
=
DE FD

a) ∠ B = ∠ D b) ∠ A = ∠F

c) ∠ B = ∠ E d) ∠ A = ∠D
12. The line segments joining the midpoints of the sides of a triangle form four triangles, each of which is [1]

a) similar to the original triangle b) an equilateral triangle

c) congruent to the original triangle d) an isosceles triangle

13. ABCD is a trapezium such that BC || AD and AB = 4 cm. If the diagonals AC and BD intersect at O such that [1]
AO

OC
= DO

OB
= 1

2
then, Find DC.

a) 8 cm b) 9 cm

c) 6 cm d) 7 cm
14. If in two triangles ABC and PQR, ∠ A = ∠ Q and ∠ R = ∠ B, then which of the following will be NOT true. [1]

a) AB

QR
=
AC

PQ
b) BC

PR
=
AC

PQ

c) d)
BC AB AB BC
= =
RP QR PQ RP

15. △ ABC ∼ △ PQR. If PQ = 3 cm, QR = 2 cm and RP = 2.5 cm, BC = 4 cm, then perimeter of △ABC is [1]

a) 15 cm. b) 20 cm.

c) 18 cm. d) 12 cm.
16. If in two triangles ABC and DEF, AB

DE
=
BC

FE
=
CA

FD
, then [1]

a) ΔC BA ∼ ΔF DE. b) ΔF DE ∼ ΔC AB.

c) ΔF DE ∼ ΔABC . d) ΔBC A ∼ ΔF DE.

17. In a △ABC, AD is the bisector of ∠ BAC. If AB = 8cm, BD = 6cm and DC = 3 cm. Find AC [1]

a) 4 cm b) 6 cm

c) 3 cm d) 8 cm
18. If ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ∠ A = 47° and ∠ E = 83°, then ∠ C = [1]

a) 70o b) 60o

c) 80o d) 50o

19. Which of the following statements is correct? [1]

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 i. The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of their corresponding sides.
ii. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of the triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, then the
other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
iii. All similar figures are congruent.
iv. If in two triangles, two angles of one triangle is equal to the two corresponding angles of the other triangle,
then two triangles may or may not be similar.

a) Statements (iii) is correct. b) Statements (ii) is correct.

c) Statements (iv) is correct. d) Statements (i) is correct.

20. If a tree casts a 18 feet shadow and at the same time, a child of height 3 feet casts a 2 feet shadow, then the [1]
height of the tree is

a) 45 feet b) 27 feet

c) 36 feet d) 32 feet
21. If △ABC ∼ △ EDF and ∠ ABC is not similar to △DEF, then which of the following is true? [1]

a) BC ⋅ EF = AC ⋅ FD b) BC ⋅ DE = AB ⋅ EF

c) AB ⋅ EF = AC ⋅ DE d) BC ⋅ DF = AB ⋅ DE

[1]

22.

In the above figure, the criterion of similarity by which △ABC ∼ △ PQR is:

a) AA (Angle - Angle) Similarity b) SSA (Side - Side - Angle) Similarity

c) ASA (Angle - Side - Angle) Similarity d) SAS (Side - Angle - Side) Similarity
23. In a △ ABC, perpendicular AD from A on BC meets BC at D. If BD = 8 cm, DC = 2 cm and AD = 4 cm, then: [1]

a) AC = 2 AB b) △ ABC is equilateral

c) △ABC is right - angled at A. d) △ ABC is isosceles

24. The line segments joining the midpoints of the adjacent sides of a quadrilateral form [1]

a) a parallelogram b) a rhombus

c) a rectangle d) a square
25. If inΔABC and ΔDEF , AB

DE
=
BC

FD
then they will be similar, when
, [1]

a) ∠A = ∠D. b) ∠B = ∠D.

c) ∠A = ∠F d) ∠B = ∠E.

26. In the given figure, ∠ BAC = ∠ ADC, then = [1]

CA

CB

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 a) CA2 b) CB × CD

c) CD2 d) DC

AC

27. It is given that △ABC ∼ △DEF . If ∠A = ∘

55 , ∠E = 45
∘
, then ∠C is: [1]

a) 55o b) 90o

c) 45o d) 80o

28. A street light is fixed on a pole 6 m above the ground. If a woman of height 1.5 m casts a shadow of 3, then [1]
distance between her and the base of the pole is _____

a) 10 m b) 9 m

c) 12 m d) 8 m
29. △ PQR ∼ △ XYZ and the perimeters of △PQR and △XYZ are 30 cm and 18 cm respectively. If QR = 9 cm, [1]
then, YZ is equal to

a) 5.4 cm. b) 4.5 cm.

c) 9.5 cm. d) 12.5 cm.

30. If in △ABC and △PQR, we have then [1]
AB BC CA
= =
QR PR PQ

a) △QRP ∼ △ABC b) △BC A ∼ △P QR

c) △P QR ∼ △ABC d) △C BA ∼ △P QR

Section B
31. In the figure, PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ ∥ RS. On PQ and RS, there are points E and F respectively such [2]
that EF intersects SQ at G. Prove that EQ × GS = GQ × F S .

32. State the pair of triangles in the figure are similar. Write the similarity criterion used by you for answering the [2]
question and also write the pair of similar triangles in symbolic form:

33. If EF ∥DC ∥ AB, prove that AE

ED
=
BF

FC
[2]

34. In the figure given below DE∥BC . If AD = 2.4 cm, DB= 3.6 cm and AC = 5 cm. Find AE. [2]

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35. In ΔABC, P and Q are points on sides AB and AC respectively such that P Q∥BC . If AP = 4 cm, PB = 6 cm [2]
and PQ = 3 cm, determine BC.
36. In figure, AD bisects ∠
​ ​A,AB = 12 cm , AC = 20 cm and BD = 5 cm. Determine CD [2]

37. In Fig. ΔABC is a triangle such that AB

AC
=
BD

DC
∘
, ∠B = 70 , ∠C = 50
∘
Find ∠ BAD. [2]

38. Prove that the line segment joining the midpoints of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side. [2]
39. In a ΔABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such that DE∥BC . If AD = 2 cm, AB = 6 [2]
cm and AC = 9 cm, find AE.
40. In Fig. if AD is the bisector of ∠ A, what is AC? [2]

Section C
41. In the figure, l || m and line segments AB, CD, and EF are concurrent at point P. Prove that . [3]
AE AC CE
= =
BF BD FD

42. Diagonal AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at point O. Using a similarity [3]
criterion for two triangles, show that OA

OC
=
OB

OD
.
43. Any point X inside ΔDEF is joined to its vertices. From a point P in DX, PQ is drawn parallel to DE meeting [3]
XE at Q and QR is drawn parallel to EF meeting XF in R. Prove that P R∥DF . .
44. In the given figure, D is a point on side BC of ΔABC such that BD

CD
=
AB
. Prove that AD is the bisector of [3]
AC

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 ∠ BAC.

45. Sides AB and BC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ and QR and [3]
median PM of △PQR (see figure). Show that △ABC ∼ △P QR .

46. Diagonals of a trapezium PQRS intersect each other at the point O, PQ ∥ RS and PQ = 3RS. Find the ratio of the [3]
areas of triangles POQ and ROS.
47. The side BC of a triangle ABC is bisected at D; O is any point in AD. BO and CO produced meet AC and AB in [3]
E and F respectively and AD is produced to X so that D is the mid-point of OX. Prove that AO: AX = AF: AB
and show that F E∥BC .

48. In figure given that △ABC ∼ △ PQR and quad ABCD ∼ quad PQRS. Determine the values of x, y, z in each [3]
case.

49. In a △ABC , M and N are points on the sides AB and AC respectively such that BM = CN. If ∠B = ∠C then [3]
show that M N ∥BC .
50. In Fig. P is the mid-point of BC and Q is the mid-point of AP. If BQ, when produced meets AC at R, prove that [3]
RA = 1

3
CA.

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51. In Fig. ΔABC is right angled at C and DE ⊥ AB. Prove that ΔABC ~ ΔADE and hence find the lengths of [3]
AE and DE.

52. In the given figure, E is a point on side CB produced of an isosceles △ABC with AB = AC. If AD ⊥ BC and [3]
EF ⊥ AC , Prove that △ABD ∼ △EC F .
53. Find ∠P in the adjoining figure. [3]

54. △ABC is a right triangle in which ∠C = 90

∘
and C D ⊥ AB . If BC = a, CA = b, AB = c and CD = p then [3]
prove that.
i. cp = ab
ii. .
1 1 1
= +
2 2 2
p a b

55. In Fig. ∠ ABC= 90° and BD ⊥ AC . If BD = 8 cm and AD= 4 cm, find CD. [3]

Section D
56. In the figure, if PQRS is a parallelogram and AB || PS, then prove that OC || SR. [5]

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57. In the given figure, ∠ ADC = ∠ BCA ; prove that △ACB ∼ △ADC . Hence find BD if AC = 8 cm and AD = 3 [5]
cm.

58. Let ABC be a triangle and D and E be two points on side AB such that AD = BE. If DP ∥ BC and EQ ∥ AC, [5]
then prove that PQ ∥ AB.
59. In the given figure PA, QB and RC are each perpendicular to AC. If AP = x, BQ = y and CR = z, then prove that [5]
1 1 1
+ =
x z y

60. In Fig. Δ
​ ACB ~ ΔAPQ. If BC= 10 cm, PQ = 5 cm, BA = 6.5 cm and AP = 2.8 cm, find CA and AQ. Also, find [5]
the area (ΔACB): area (ΔAPQ).

61. ABCD is a parallelogram, P is a point on side BC and DP when produced meets AB produced at L. Prove that [5]
i. DP DC
=
PL BL

ii. DL

DP
=
AL

DC

iii. If LP : PD = 2 : 3 then find BP : BC.

62. Sides AB and AC and median AM of a △ABC are proportional to sides DE and DF and Median DN of another [5]
△ DEF.Show that △ABC ∼ △DEF .
63. Prove that the area of the equilateral triangle drawn on the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is equal to the [5]

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 sum of the areas of the equilateral triangles drawn on the other two sides of the triangle.
64. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides at distinct points, prove that the [5]
other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
65. In △ABC, if ∠ ADE =∠ B, then prove that △ADE ~ △
​ ABC. Also, if AD = 7.6 cm, AE = 7.2 cm, BE = 4.2 cm [5]
and BC = 8.4 cm, then find DE.

Section E
66. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Veena wants to make the curtains for her window as shown in the figure. The window is in the shape of a
rectangle, whose width and height are in the ratio 2 : 3. The area of the window is 9600 square cm.

i. What is the shape of the window that is uncovered? (1)

ii. What will be the ratio of two sides of each curtain (other than hypotenuse)? (1)
iii. What are the dimensions of the window? (2)
OR
What will be the perimeter of the window? (2)
67. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Two poles, 30 feet and 50 feet tall, are 40 feet apart and perpendicular to the ground. The poles are supported by
wires attached from the top of each pole to the bottom of the other, as in the figure. A coupling is placed at C
where the two wires cross.

i. What is the horizontal distance from C to the taller pole? (1)

ii. How high above the ground is the coupling? (1)
iii. How far down the wire from the smaller pole is the coupling? (2)
OR
Find the length of line joining the top of the two poles. (2)
68. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Priyanshu is very intelligent in maths. He always try to relate the concept of maths in daily life. One day he is

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 walking away from the base of a lamp post at a speed of 1 m/s. Lamp is 4.5 m above the ground.

i. If after 2 second, length of shadow is 1 meter, what is the height of Priyanshu? (1)
ii. What is the minimum time after which his shadow will become larger than his original height? (1)
iii. What is the distance of Priyanshu from pole at this point? (2)
OR
What will be the length of his shadow after 4 seconds? (2)
69. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The discus throw is an event in which an athlete attempts to throw a discus. The athlete spins anti-clockwise
around one and a half times through a circle, then releases the throw. When released, the discus travels along
tangent to the circular spin orbit.

In the given figure, AB is one such tangent to a circle of radius 75 cm. Point O is centre of the circle and ∠ ABO

= 30o. PQ is parallel to OA.

i. find the length of AB. (1)

ii. find the length of OB. (1)
iii. find the length of AP. (2)
OR
find the length of PQ. (2)
70. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The law of reflection states that when a ray of light reflects off a surface, the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of reflection.

Suresh places a mirror on level ground to determine the height of a pole (with traffic light fired on it). He stands
at a certain distance so that he can see the top of the pole reflected from the mirror. Suresh’s eye level is 1.5 m

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 above the ground. The distance of Suresh and the pole from the mirror are 1.8 m and 6 m respectively.

i. Which criterion of similarity is applicable to similar triangles? (1)

ii. What is the height of the pole? (1)
iii. If angle of incidence is i, find tan i. (2)
OR
Now Suresh move behind such that distance between pole and Suresh is 13 meters. He place mirror between
him and pole to see the reflection of light in right position. What is the distance between mirror and Suresh?
(2)
71. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The centroid is the centre point of the object. It is also defined as the point of intersection of all the three
medians. The median is a line that joins the midpoint of a side and the opposite vertex of the triangle. The
centroid of the triangle separates the median in the ratio of 2 : 1. It can be found by taking the average of x-
coordinate points and y-coordinate points of all the vertices of the triangle. See the figure given below

Here D, E and F are mid points of sides BC, AC and AB in same order. G is centroid, the centroid divides the
median in the ratio 2 : 1 with the larger part towards the vertex. Thus AG : GD = 2 : 1
On the basis of above information read the question below. If G is Centroid of △ABC with height h and J is
Centroid of △ADE. Line DE parallel to BC, cuts the △ABC at a height from BC. HF =
h h

4 4

i. What is the length of AH? (1)

ii. What is the distance of point A from point G? (1)
iii. What is the distance of point A from point J? (2)
OR
What is the distance GJ? (2)
72. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Statue of a Pineapple: The Big Pineapple is a heritage-listed tourist attraction at Nambour Connection Road,
Woombye, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Peddle Thorp and Harvey, Paul

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 Luff, and Gary Smallcombe and Associates. It is also known as Sunshine Plantation. It was added to the
Queensland Heritage Register on 6 March 2009.
Kavita last year visited Nambour and wanted to find the height of a statue of a pineapple. She measured the
pineapple’s shadow and her own shadow. Her height is 156 cm and casts a shadow of 39 cm. The length of
shadow of pineapple is 4 m.

i. What is the height of the pineapple? (1)

ii. What is the height Kavita in metres? (1)
iii. Write the type of triangles used to solve this problem. (2)
OR
Which similarity criterion of triangle is used? (2)
73. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
In the figure given below, a folding table is shown:

The legs of the table are represented by line segments AB and CD intersecting at O. Join AC and BD.
Considering table top is parallel to the ground, and OB = x, OD = x + 3, OC = 3x + 19 and OA = 3x + 4, answer
the following questions:
i. Prove that △OAC is similar to △OBD.
ii. Prove that OA
=
OB

AC BD

iii. a. Observe the figure and find the value of x. Hence, find the length of OC.
OR
b. Observe the figure and find BD
.
AC

74. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Swimmer in Distress: A lifeguard located 20 metre from the water spots a swimmer in distress. The swimmer is
30 metre from shore and 100 metre east of the lifeguard. Suppose the lifeguard runs and then swims to the
swimmer in a direct line, as shown in the figure.

i. How far east from his original position will he enter the water? (Hint: Find the value of x in the sketch.) (1)
ii. Which similarity criterion of triangle is used? (1)

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 iii. What is the distance of swimmer from the shore? (2)
OR
What is the length of AD? (2)
75. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Ashok wanted to determine the height of a tree on the corner of his block. He knew that a certain fence by the
tree was 4 feet tall. At 3 PM, he measured the shadow of the fence to be 2.5 feet tall. Then he measured the tree’s
shadow to be 11.3 feet.

i. What is the height of the tree? (1)

ii. What will be length of shadow of tree at 12:00 pm? (1)
iii. Write the name triangle formed for this situation. (2)
OR
What will be the length of wall at 12:00 pm? (2)

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