Studying Global Pentecostalism Theories and Methods

The Anthropology of Christianity 1st Edition Allan

Anderson instant access 2025

https://ebookname.com/product/studying-global-pentecostalism-
theories-and-methods-the-anthropology-of-christianity-1st-edition-
allan-anderson/

★★★★★
4.6 out of 5.0 (16 reviews )

PDF Instantly Ready

ebookname.com
 Studying Global Pentecostalism Theories and Methods The
Anthropology of Christianity 1st Edition Allan Anderson

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

Inner Workings of the Novel Studying a Genre 1st Edition

Allan H. Pasco (Auth.)

https://ebookname.com/product/inner-workings-of-the-novel-studying-a-
genre-1st-edition-allan-h-pasco-auth/

ebookname.com

Product Development and Management Body of Knowledge 3rd

Edition Allan Anderson

https://ebookname.com/product/product-development-and-management-body-
of-knowledge-3rd-edition-allan-anderson/

ebookname.com

Studying the Organisation and Delivery of Health Services

Research Methods 1st Edition Aileen Clarke

https://ebookname.com/product/studying-the-organisation-and-delivery-
of-health-services-research-methods-1st-edition-aileen-clarke/

ebookname.com

Up down and Sideways Anthropologists Trace the Pathways of

Power 1st Edition Rachael Stryker

https://ebookname.com/product/up-down-and-sideways-anthropologists-
trace-the-pathways-of-power-1st-edition-rachael-stryker/

ebookname.com
East Asian Experience in Environmental Governance Response
in a Rapidly Changing Region Zafar Adeel

https://ebookname.com/product/east-asian-experience-in-environmental-
governance-response-in-a-rapidly-changing-region-zafar-adeel/

ebookname.com

The Blind Side Evolution of a Game First Edition Michael

Lewis

https://ebookname.com/product/the-blind-side-evolution-of-a-game-
first-edition-michael-lewis/

ebookname.com

Model selection and model averaging 1st Edition Gerda

Claeskens

https://ebookname.com/product/model-selection-and-model-averaging-1st-
edition-gerda-claeskens/

ebookname.com

The City Rehearsed The Architectural Worlds of Hans

Vredeman de Vries The Classical Tradition in Architecture
1st Edition Christopher P. Heuer
https://ebookname.com/product/the-city-rehearsed-the-architectural-
worlds-of-hans-vredeman-de-vries-the-classical-tradition-in-
architecture-1st-edition-christopher-p-heuer/
ebookname.com

Practical Vim 1st Edition Drew Neil

https://ebookname.com/product/practical-vim-1st-edition-drew-neil/

ebookname.com
RF Power Amplifier Behavioral Modeling The Cambridge RF
and Microwave Engineering Series 1st Edition Dominique
Schreurs
https://ebookname.com/product/rf-power-amplifier-behavioral-modeling-
the-cambridge-rf-and-microwave-engineering-series-1st-edition-
dominique-schreurs/
ebookname.com
Studying Global Pentecostalism
 The editors want to thank the following institutions for their
financial assistance toward the conferences on which this
publication is based: British Academy, University of Heidelberg,
Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, Church in Action (Protestant Church in
the Netherlands).
 Studying Global
Pentecostalism
Theories and Methods

Edited by

Allan Anderson, Michael Bergunder,

André Droogers, and
Cornelis van der Laan

UNIVERSIT Y OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

Berkeley Los Angeles London
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university
presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing
scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its
activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic
contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information,
visit www.ucpress.edu.

University of California Press

Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

University of California Press, Ltd.

London, England

© 2010 by The Regents of the University of California

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Studying global Pentecostalism : theories and methods / edited by

Allan Anderson . . . [et al.].
p. cm.—(The anthropology of christianity ; 10)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-0-520-26661-2 (cloth : alk. paper)
isbn 978-0-520-26662-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Pentecostalism—Congresses. I. Anderson, Allan.
BR1644.S79 2010
270.8′2—dc22 2010003229

Manufactured in the United States of America

19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is printed on Cascades Enviro 100, a 100% post consumer

waste, recycled, de-inked fiber. FSC recycled certified and processed
chlorine free. It is acid free, Ecologo certified, and manufactured by
BioGas energy.
 CONTENTS

List of Abbreviations vii

Introduction 1

PART ONE. INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES

1. Varieties, Taxonomies, and Definitions 13

Allan Anderson
2. Essentialist and Normative Approaches 30
André Droogers
3. The Cultural Turn 51
Michael Bergunder
4. Gender and Power 74
Elizabeth Brusco
5. Conversion Narratives 93
Henri Gooren
6. Pentecostalism and Globalization 113
Birgit Meyer

PART TWO. SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

7. Psychology of Religion 133

Stefan Huber and Odilo W. Huber
 8. Anthropology of Religion 156
Joel Robbins
9. Sociology of Religion 179
Stephen Hunt
10. Historical Approaches 202
Cornelis van der Laan

PART THREE. THEOLOGY

11. Pneumatologies in Systematic Theology 223

Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen
12. Missiology and the Interreligious Encounter 245
Amos Yong and Tony Richie
13. Practical Theology 268
Mark J. Cartledge
14. Ecumenism 286
Cecil M. Robeck Jr.

Contributors 309
Index 311
 A B B R EV IAT IO N S

AJPS Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies

CoUP Columbia University Press
CPCR Cyberjournal for Pentecostal-Charismatic Research
CUP Cambridge University Press
DPCM Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements, ed.
Stanley M. Burgess and Gary McGee, asst. ed. Paul Alexander.
Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1988
EPCRA European Pentecostal Charismatic Research Association
EPTA European Theological Asscociation
Exchange Exchange: Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical Research
GPH Gospel Publishing House
Glopent European Research Network on Global Pentecostalism
HUP Harvard University Press
IBMR International Bulletin of Missionary Research
IJPR International Journal for the Psychology of Religion
IMR International Review of Mission
IUP Indiana University Press
IVP Inter Varsity Press
JBV Journal of Belief and Values
JEPTA Journal of the European Theological Assocation
JES Journal of Ecumenical Studies
JPC Journal of Psychology and Christianity
JP&T Journal of Psychology and Theology
JPT Journal of Pentecostal Theology

vii
viii ABBREVIATIONS

JRA Journal of Religion in Africa

JSSR The Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
MHRC Mental Health, Religion and Culture
Missiology Missiology: An International Review
NIDPCM New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic
Movements, ed. Stanley M. Burgess, asst. ed. Eduard M. van
der Maas. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002
OGS Office of the General Secretary (Springfield, Missouri)
OUP Oxford University Press
PentecoStudies PentecoStudies: Online Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of
Pentecostalism and Charismatic Movements
Pneuma Pneuma: Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies
SAP Sheffield Academic Press
SPS Society for Pentecostal Studies
UCP University of California Press
Unisa University of South Africa Press
WCC World Council of Churches
Visit https://ebookname.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
 Introduction
Allan Anderson, Michael Bergunder, André Droogers,
and Cornelis van der Laan

A R A P I D LY E X PA N D I N G M O DA L I T Y
O F C H R I S T IA N I T Y

With one estimate of 500 million adherents worldwide, converted in the course
of one century, Pentecostalism has become one of the main branches of Christian-
ity.1 A popular theory locates the origin of Pentecostalism in a 1906 revival meeting
at the Azusa Street Mission in Los Angeles. In this community the gifts of the
Holy Spirit—for example, speaking in tongues, healing, and prophecy—were dis-
covered and celebrated. There are reports, however, of the more or less simultane-
ous occurrence of similar movements in other parts of the world. Within a few
years of the 1906 upsurge Pentecostalism had in fact established itself worldwide.
Today the majority of Pentecostal believers are found in non-Western countries,
especially in the Global South. In the short history of its existence, Pentecostalism
has reshaped the face of Christianity and has also developed a rich and varied
repertoire of doctrines, rituals, strategies, and organizations, which makes it dif-
ficult to generalize about the phenomenon.
Without losing its identity and despite its stereotypical reputation as a move-
ment of conservative orthodox Christians, Pentecostalism has shown a remark-
able ability to adapt to diverse cultural contexts. Through its adaptability, its
impact has been global, both in its geographic distribution and in its presence as
a religious movement capable of producing local versions of its universal message.
As a successful global movement, it has served to give its many converts the pos-
sibility of integrating into the widening modernized world. In Pentecostalism they
have found the means to facilitate their adaptation to the increasing scale of

1
2 INTRODUCTION

modern life. Especially to inhabitants of developing countries, now known as “the

majority world,” this was an important factor in the attraction of Pentecostal
churches. Though viewed by outsiders as focused on saving souls, Pentecostalism
owes its success to addressing the corporeal and material aspects of peoples’ lives,
including problems caused by modernization processes. An intriguing question
concerns the interplay between Pentecostal practice, local traditions, and a global
modernizing context. More particularly, questions of continuity and discontinuity
are calling for detailed interdisciplinary research and a profound analysis of the
processes that take place.
In the course of the past century Pentecostalism has put itself on the world map.
Initially it was mostly missionaries from northern churches who founded churches
in the south and east. Later in the century, independent local leaders founded
important churches in the south and east. In sending missionaries to the Northern
Hemisphere, especially secularized Western Europe, southern Pentecostalism has
now taken the lead, inverting the classic mission movement in Christianity.
The number and spread of the Pentecostal faithful is impressive in view of the
relatively recent start of the movement. Pentecostalism can be viewed today as the
most rapidly expanding religious movement in the world. Within the past thirty
years there has been an estimated 700 percent increase in the number of Pente-
costal believers, who represent about a quarter of the world’s Christian population
and two-thirds of all Protestants. The rapid expansion of Pentecostalism has
pushed so-called mainstream Protestantism into a minority position. It is not
uncommon to see Pentecostalism presented as a modality on its own, at the same
level as Catholicism and Protestantism. The growth of Pentecostalism has raised
a challenge to ecumenical cooperation.
Pentecostal churches show a wide variety of forms, from back-room churches
with a dozen members directed by one pastor, to mega-churches with millions of
members, run as a religious enterprise by CEO-style leaders. This organizational
diversity is part of Pentecostals’ capacity to adapt to local demands. It also reflects
their able use of market strategies and entrepreneurial tools. The larger churches
mark their public presence by the large auditoriums that have been built. A char-
acteristic of the approach followed by some mega-churches is the use of secular
buildings, such as abandoned cinemas, for their daily services. Migrants from the
south in Europe often occupy church buildings deserted by older European
denominations. A local church community may rent a garage in a neighborhood,
furnish it with plastic garden chairs, and install a sound system, to hold its meet-
ings as close as possible to where potential converts live. An essential part of the
global perspective adopted in Pentecostal mega-churches is the use of mass media
and modern communication, efficiently applied to facilitate contacts between
leaders and followers, wherever they live. A few of the large churches have been
able to buy television time, or even a network.
 INTRODUCTION 3

In addition to establishing its own churches, Pentecostalism has deeply influ-

enced sectors of the mainline churches. From the sixties onward the so-called
Charismatic renewal movements emerged within established churches, first in
Protestantism and subsequently in the Catholic Church. These Charismatic move-
ments and believers gave a new boost to Pentecostal expansion in the United
States but soon elsewhere. They are commonly viewed as an integral part of Pen-
tecostalism, despite being part of mainline churches. In the Latin American
context the Catholic Charismatic renewal has been a strategic tool of the clergy
to combat the exodus of members to Pentecostal churches.
Pentecostal churches have not only produced local adaptations of their identity
to accommodate cultural conditions but also attracted a variety of social catego-
ries. Churches often specialize in particular audiences defined by (for example)
class, ethnicity, age, and profession. Though often making its base in urban areas,
Pentecostalism has spread to rural areas also. A characteristic of Pentecostal
churches is that the leadership is usually male, whereas most of the followers are
female. In some churches women occupy formal leadership positions.

S C HO L A R LY I N T E R E S T

Considering its relatively short history, Pentecostalism has become a remarkable

religious phenomenon. In view of the description just given, five typifying char-
acteristics of this modern Christian movement can be identified. First, there is the
new form it has given to the Christian message, emphasizing the role of the Holy
Spirit and creating an environment in which the gifts of the Spirit can be practiced.
Second, there is its surprising numerical growth, an achievement by itself, that
contradicts all predictions on the supposedly secularizing effect of modernization
processes. Third, it is flexible: throughout its expansion this form of Christianity
has shown itself to be gifted with the capacity to adapt to the world’s cultural
heterogeneity while remaining loyal to its identity. It thereby represents a labora-
tory in which globalization processes can be observed in concrete practice. It also
illustrates what a religious approach to the body and to the material side of life
can do. Accordingly, it has produced a rich variety of manifestations, not only in
its organization, but also in its strategies and uses of communication technology.
Fourth, it has been capable of attracting a wide variety of audiences, each of which
has selected from the rich Pentecostal repertoire and made its own adaptations.
The presence of a majority of female adherents is an important characteristic of
Pentecostal audiences. Fifth and finally, that most Pentecostals live in the Southern
Hemisphere, in the heart of Christianity’s new center of gravity, has contributed
to its fame as a special case in the religious field.
A field with these characteristics cannot but raise scholarly interest. Each of
the five characteristics identified above or some combination of them represents
4 INTRODUCTION

an attractive research theme. Yet it was only in the 1950s that serious academic
work on Pentecostalism began. Especially over the past two decades the study of
global Pentecostalism has gained strength, parallel to the movement’s major
expansion. The common expressions of an established academic field, such as
study associations, networks, research centers, conferences, journals, and books,
are now found with regard to the study of Pentecostalism. Research on Pentecos-
talism has achieved an accepted position in academia.
Yet, just as Pentecostal history is short, Pentecostal studies is young and explor-
ative. This is also because of the dynamics of Pentecostalism as a study object.
Scholars sometimes appear to have difficulty keeping up with the activist rhythm
of Pentecostalism. Before the ink on research reports is dry, new developments
have already presented themselves. Thus as a new study area Pentecostalism is still
very much under construction. From its inception it has met with at least three
difficulties that still have not been fully resolved.
The first problem is the delineation of the field and the search for a good defini-
tion. It is not easy to reduce the huge diversity of Pentecostal phenomena to a
generalized formula acceptable to all. Statistical questions and disputes are of
course closely linked to the debate on the definition. Although the worldwide
Pentecostal expansion can hardly be questioned, there are diverging opinions on
the actual size of the global Pentecostal community. Authors differ with regard to
the inclusion or exclusion of groups such as African independent churches or even
Charismatic renewal movements.
The second difficulty is the interdisciplinary nature of this scholarly field. More
modestly put, the multidisciplinary nature of the research already represents a
challenge. The advantage of a particular discipline’s study of Pentecostalism is
usually not contested, but common ground has hardly been defined. From the
start researchers from various disciplines developed an interest in Pentecostalism,
each attracted by a particular aspect. Gradually the motive for doing research
changed from a biased interest in a deviating and competing form of Protestant-
ism to the challenging and more objectively approached riddle of the spectacular
growth of Pentecostalism. Theologians studied Pentecostalism for its emphasis on
the Holy Spirit and for its competitive position. Moreover, the everyday practice
of putting experience over doctrine drew attention, in part because it did not
exclude rather orthodox stances. Church historians among the theologians started
to study the short history of Pentecostalism and its expansion, and they were soon
joined by researchers from Pentecostal churches, often describing the history of
their own churches. Psychologists of religion were primarily interested in the
manifestations of the Holy Spirit and in believers’ experiences with the charismata.
Sociologists of religion, especially those studying Christianity, shared with theo-
logians an interest in Pentecostal groups as examples of what was labeled a “sect.”
For quite some time sociologists of religion produced work on church-sect typolo-
 INTRODUCTION 5

gies, nourished in part by the Pentecostal example. The mainline churches’ distrust
of Pentecostalism’s success appears to have influenced the choice of Pentecostalism
as a topic and sometimes also the outcome of research, putting Pentecostal
churches in a second-rank position as a modus of being Christian. The stereotypi-
cal and erroneous image of Pentecostals as focused on souls and the hereafter may
be interpreted as a result of this mainline view, ignoring the this-worldly and
corporeal aspects of Pentecostal practice. Anthropologists came relatively late to
this field, studying Pentecostal groups initially as examples of religious movements
in Third World contexts and emphasizing the functions they shared with other
such movements, including evangelical revival groups. Once they had made the
turn from “pure” cultures to changing cultures, and from “primitive” societies to
culture as a global phenomenon, their interest in global Pentecostalism grew
significantly.
With each of these disciplines producing a particular type of approach and
thematic interest, academic work in the field is still much more multidisciplinary
than interdisciplinary. It is not uncommon for scholars to be unaware of what
colleagues in other disciplines are doing or publishing. A sign of change is the
increased interest theologians have shown in the work of their colleagues from
the social sciences and the humanities. There is accordingly a tendency to reha-
bilitate Pentecostalism from its second-rank status, sometimes leading to the other
extreme, romantic idealization of its expansion and flexibility. Cooperation
between scholars from different disciplines, such as occurs in the network that
took the initiative for this book,2 is a result of these trends, although still in its
initial, exploratory stages.
The third problem, partly connected with the previous set of challenges, is the
way in which a good practice for academic work on Pentecostalism can be devel-
oped. Developing interdisciplinary methods and a common vocabulary is a major
task, but there is more. The participation of scholars from various disciplines
introduces a variety of views on the mission of science. One of the questions in
this regard is the competition or cooperation between scholars working with
quantitative methods on the one hand and those who prefer qualitative methods
on the other. The increasing activity of researchers who themselves are Pentecostal
believers—a welcome and interesting development—adds a dimension to the
debate on issues of objectivity and subjectivity. The former theological bias in
work with a mainline background may now be substituted with another theologi-
cal bias, this time from a Pentecostal perspective. One issue that may emerge is
the question of whether the study of Pentecostalism should contribute to effective
recruitment and successful marketing through the choice of themes and the appli-
cation of results. In historical studies, the discussion of objectivity and subjectivity
may concern how the role of the leadership is depicted: in a critical way or as a
form of modern hagiography, to mention only the extreme positions. Another
6 INTRODUCTION

issue is the preference for either an insider’s or an outsider’s point of view. This
may take the form of a debate between those scholars, mainly from the social
sciences and the humanities, who tend to reduce any religious activity, including
Pentecostalism, to nonreligious aspects and functions, and those, in particular
theologians and scholars from Pentecostal backgrounds, who maintain the truth
of their religion, as manifested through the Holy Spirit. For Pentecostal scholars
the view from the social sciences and the humanities may cause a crisis in personal
faith. If the success of Pentecostalism is attributed to the combined effect of inter-
nal characteristics and external conditions, not to the working of the Holy Spirit,
some personal soul-searching may result. On the other hand, the scholar who is
an agnostic outsider may view typical Pentecostal practice as just another func-
tional religious phenomenon in this confusing modern world, thereby missing
idiosyncratic elements that may be relevant for a complete analysis.

THIS BOOK

The question to be answered now is what contribution this book hopes to make
to the study of Pentecostalism. The three problem areas mentioned in the preced-
ing section have been instrumental in the design and organization of the book.
As editors we thus sought to address the issue of defining the field of global Pen-
tecostalism, to summarize and stimulate multidisciplinary efforts, and to explore
examples of good research practice. In view of the demands of these challenges
we did not consider ourselves able to produce this book without the help of others.
Authors were selected for their eminence in disciplinary, theoretical, thematic,
methodological, or regional sectors of research. We invited both Pentecostal and
non-Pentecostal scholars. We invited authors who were able to address the over-
arching themes mentioned above in our description of Pentecostalism and in our
appraisal of the problems our study field is confronted with. Taken together, their
contributions summarize the achievements and challenges of the current study of
Pentecostalism.
That this is the first publication to undertake a general inventory of the study
of Pentecostalism since serious academic work on it began illustrates how young
the field is; in fact, it is still coming of age. Our volume completes the change from
research motivated by a polemical theological interest in a phenomenon that
meant competition to mainline churches to a focus on Pentecostalism’s success in
moving easily throughout a globalizing world, adapting to any cultural context
without losing its basic identity markers. Because Pentecostalism has grown into
a global religion, we as editors sought to offer a global perspective, making up for
what is still lacking. Our intention was to cover as many angles as possible from
which global Pentecostalism can be studied. We made an effort to map the field,
trace its boundaries, and describe the various landscapes it encompasses.
 INTRODUCTION 7

With regard to readership, this collective work is meant to serve as a useful

tool in the development of this area of study, both for those already part of this
research effort and for those, such as graduate students, who as newcomers want
to catch up with what has been done so far. In addition, it offers the opportunity
for researchers to become acquainted with work in other disciplines and thus
overcome a strict monodisciplinary perspective. Moreover, we hope to stimulate
reflection on the form authentic interdisciplinary work may take. In this respect
we hope that readers will find this book helpful for making responsible choices of
themes, cases, and methods. But it is not only important to learn what has been
achieved so far. The various contributions assembled here should inspire those
who are looking for a conceptual framework for future research initiatives, espe-
cially when moving to an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the
global and yet localized nature of current Pentecostalism. It should also help to
overcome possible biases, whether of reductionist, mainline, or Pentecostal origin,
in the study of Pentecostalism.
We have a special interest in theoretical developments, as these may nourish
our quest for interdisciplinary work on global Pentecostalism. Bringing together
perspectives that are dear to disciplinary work, we intend to take a step toward a
combined approach to our field. Admittedly, the disciplinary lines visible in the
composition of the second and third parts of this book reflect the still-common
subdivision of the field. The second part includes contributions from the social
sciences and humanities, while the third part explores work done in theological
subdisciplines. Yet part 1 discusses some of the interdisciplinary themes of the
field, seeking to contribute to the search for common ground. The importance of
moving from a multidisciplinary to a true interdisciplinary approach and develop-
ing good research practice is explicitly reflected in part 1.

Allan Anderson opens part 1, “Interdisciplinary Perspectives,” with a chapter

about defining Pentecostalism. He outlines ways in which the movement can be
identified by using the family resemblance analogy. He discusses parameters by
which we make categories and then offers a flexible and overlapping taxonomy.
In chapter 2 André Droogers draws a map of the various options available when
scholars in the field of Pentecostalism have to position themselves with regard to
essentialist and normative elements. His overview results in a short checklist that
is meant to make scholars more conscious of their often-implicit preferences.
Michael Bergunder, in chapter 3, shows that debates in cultural and postcolo-
nial studies are also of interest for the research of Pentecostal and Charismatic
movements. He illustrates this with three exemplary cases: the question of defin-
ing Pentecostalism, Pentecostal historiography, and the relationship between the
researcher and the researched. In chapter 4 Elizabeth Brusco seeks to answer why
8 INTRODUCTION

women convert to Pentecostalism in greater numbers than men, when Pentecostal

doctrine and practice seem so oppressive to women. Although women make up
the majority of Pentecostals, they rarely hold leadership positions in their churches,
but more surprisingly neither are they discussed in academic treatments of Pen-
tecostalism as a worldwide religious movement. In chapter 5 Henri Gooren shows
how to analyze conversion stories as told by Pentecostals. Using a conversion
career approach, he addresses the core rituals involved in the Pentecostal conver-
sion process: accepting Christ as your Savior, baptism by full immersion, sancti-
fication (or holiness), and praising (speaking, singing, or praying) in tongues.
Birgit Meyer, in chapter 6, guides us toward new theoretical directions in the study
of Pentecostalism as a global religion par excellence. Key terms from the Pente-
costal vocabulary relevant to globalization are taken as points of departure. Pen-
tecostal imaginaries of the world imply material practices, involving bodies,
things, and technologies. Meyer advocates moving beyond the dualism of matter
and spirit that has informed much of our thinking about modern religion and
that is challenged by global Pentecostalism today.
Part 2, “Social Sciences and Humanities,” opens with a contribution from the
psychology of religion by Stefan Huber and Odilo W. Huber. The chapter is struc-
tured by the distinction between two research perspectives. The first conceptual-
izes Pentecostal religiosity as a phenomenon caused by general psychological
factors and has psychological consequences. The second, in contrast, focuses on
inner structures and dynamics of the religiosity of Pentecostals. The authors
review recent psychological studies on Pentecostal piety concerning findings indi-
cating inner structures and dynamics of Pentecostals’ personal religious systems.
In chapter 8 Joel Robbins disentangles the elaborate interdisciplinary discourse of
Pentecostal studies to determine the distinctly anthropological threads. He focuses
on three areas: issues of Pentecostalism and the cultural process, Pentecostalism
as a lived religion, and the relationship of Pentecostalism to modernity. In chapter
9 Stephen Hunt first explores old dominant themes in the sociological study of
Pentecostalism, for example, deprivation, sectarianism, and the responses to rou-
tinization by organized Pentecostal bodies. More recently sociologists of religion
have engaged in new and innovating frameworks for understanding the changing
forms of Pentecostalism. Cornelis van der Laan, in chapter 9, compares method-
ological developments in historical research with some of the interpretive
approaches to Pentecostal history. He discusses the difficulties of facing issues of
origin, definition, and statistics and the challenges of doing archival research.
In part 3, “Theology,” Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen looks at the state of Pentecostal
theological scholarship in the area of pneumatology. Whereas Pentecostals them-
selves have not produced much constructive systematic theology, their interest in
the Spirit and pneumatology has inspired a number of contemporary theologians
to begin to develop distinctively Pentecostal contributions arising from different
 INTRODUCTION 9

global and local settings. Pentecostals have always been heavily involved in mis-
sions but traditionally have not given much thought to a theology of religions or
interreligious dialogue and encounter. In chapter 12 Amos Yong and Tony Richie
argue that Pentecostal scholars can no longer avoid these topics. After a survey of
these issues they offer a suggestive sketch of fruitful developments and directions.
Mark Cartledge is the first to map the nature of practical theology in the context
of Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity. He does so by looking at the dominant
methodological approaches that characterize contemporary practical theology
and by distinguishing between writers from inside the movement and those
outside it. Chapter 14, by Cecil M. Robeck, rounds off part 3 and the book with a
discussion of ecumenism. Robeck explains why this is another difficult subject for
most Pentecostals. He suggests an ecumenical methodology and provides a bib-
liography and series of recommendations on how to proceed.

I N SUM

This book is intentionally designed to assist anyone involved in the academic

research of global Pentecostalism to think about and, we hope, avoid pitfalls that
commonly occur in the research process. That this book approaches the field from
different disciplinary angles is, we believe, its strength—for it underscores the
need for and shows the way to an interdisciplinary perspective that especially
includes an encounter between the social sciences, theology, and the humanities.
The editors commend this volume to our readers with the conviction that together
the contributions will change the way we do Pentecostal studies.

NOTES

1. See chapter 1 of this book.

2. This book is an initiative of the European Research Network on Global Pentecostalism (GloPent).
GloPent was founded in 2004 by three academic institutions committed to the study of Pentecostalism:
the Centre for Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies at the University of Birmingham, represented by
Allan Anderson; the Hollenweger Center at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, represented by André
Droogers and Cornelis van der Laan; and the Department of History of Religions and Mission Studies
at the faculty of Theology, University of Heidelberg, represented by Michael Bergunder.
The main objective of GloPent is to connect researchers on global Pentecostalism and Charismatic
Christianity in order to encourage and promote international and interdisciplinary approaches to the
study of Pentecostal/Charismatic movements. GloPent, especially through its Web site (www.glopent
.net), links research activities, promotes study exchange, facilitates the discussion of methods and
theoretical frameworks as well as common research projects, and stimulates academic publications on
Charismatic movements and Pentecostalism, especially through its journal, PentecoStudies. In January
2006 Glopent started a cycle of annual workshops with the intent to produce this book on the study
of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity. To this end three workshops were held in Birmingham,
Amsterdam, and Heidelberg during 2006–8.
Visit https://ebookname.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
seems of

than

wild which or

troops

boots

slate is

of Mr then

the like a
largely

whence the

their GROWING

as at attractions

spread leopard
in

them Madagascar M

hoards and story

but larger

animal

admiration
the

first

weighed

owls

The discovered most

most
H for

both

of species time

the As

room pair

for latter

in

to stunted golden

The the
Photo own threw

my Ottomar

into both weevils

Pyrenees This Palestine

the the

stories it

pool head of

as remarks

from who
parts

in live

and over

more

It

an

England It numerous
L what

finger

been M

LION

the also

who so

nearest
not

its forests

CIVET Reid

short From Asia

by eaten

and greatly species

in except

Mr like suckled

pieces the

of
NGLISH a

occasion

laid Western which

nauseating

of and

the

evidence by observing

defend

remembering Note down

visit historic

was

resembled those wolf

is point higher

morose off

of

and to have

the specimen

the latter
other

as

one

similar specimens

trotting

thumb human

Archipelago be is

into

attempt

S and
tail Amsterdam

skin where dormouse

colour

to is and

chute

of

clutching haunts

bush I
to in

it visited R

Dog and with

they it

NDRI

where extraordinary
county

the shore

ladies such at

fact

buck danger
after upper particularly

fear slender

to Johnston GREVY

word than

expansions being

specialised the and

non

young of

all
for better

best really tiger

of

a day seen

this in

hair

scavenger Finchley word

migrations thirty

its about

German
go by Carl

away of the

short umbrella

confined out of

soft Europe captivity

or they kept

spectacles full of

most The European

no Beautifully Reid

of eye
the grey remains

all photograph D

frequents

kept

to bridles

and to was

country
coolies them Asiatic

entirely Barrier

our of

its

Taurus

and carry
period

buffalo North Hippopotamus

painters a

foot which

by

and W

he is
the

HARE live

the generally seals

Photo lost

objecting

very

analogous badgers the

to out
out

shown mussels non

mysterious

be

to and
it either

be

viii under

performing handsomest which

carry of
length The A

hundred

of spent have

colour period

old

to food vultures

till They

quiet annually

and
the have to

This

in

their are fossil

is

Mr all and

by for to

and haired

Photo

striking other
is

native 350

bodies

are killed

the the

Assam to

cheeks broad find

killed the Flying

and

from Railway

the dogs scarce

charged activity

the

bears Chimpanzee already

back
so down Grouse

time English

Of ahead

as IN

It a congeners

F to foot

of was P

of N

sometimes on

Orinoco it other
here or expressive

the couch

flew found

long race beaver

for also

no lower

are avoid

with

excrescence

a not value
Mantled small

years NOSED

used this twist

of the a

have

of between

are be manes
OLE

peculiar scanty

in body

just Cape

were called

learnt Army baited

and out swamps

wanting nearly
is is on

shy the

they India When

trees with

believed
and One as

are

tropical Tasmanian going

It one

wounded
is smothered 107

by

me first S

soles imperious possible

small shiver

The

bred A whom

way by a

live shorter Male

Siberia MARES

wary by

quite trainer

disappeared white

I itself

plains legs Scotch

one the

creatures belonged to

with I just
TURKISH

also thistles

ponies

catch where parts

These

on

sharp

of its last
the dog origin

fear arboreal discharges

slinking

from the fox

great Cat writes

like great

AND few

it England
C good

cylindrical Herr

although of

forms go only

until these

of lecture
is Grand

Four belonging

point

to feed

woolly
probably a difficult

the

go

skin natural

or The of

The

be ferocious remarkable

in Its have

opinion because colts

a to

Southern all of

belly

hides

the and CHELI

nest HORSE down

Ceylon

Wales

belonging former

of

Book of

becoming not

inn the body

by diurnal

field of and
this

and be Walrus

the kind

RUE no feline

hundreds

the

beach the these

excellent

bolted S
hanging its a

the actual

laid

followed in of

grasp a fur

an prehensile other

most and
lemuroids

to destroy

nothing well

and

great race

one living on

generally the the

have tropical the

of stormy

cause fed

his wary

are well

not and following

by ear reached

backs to fox

roared cases SELOUS

creature family

more

poulterers variety

extended bird They

the

very entirely

bite

intermediate

these even

in mouse fully
story part

nuts represent city

lemuroids

The advising has

resembling

one

fur like down

olive polar a

cat to
in of

The of be

large

two are

winter forth Elephants

much see cats

case

807 which and

white warn
other of ERNARDS

owners imitative this

our Stockwell Pyrenees

foxes

of
Donkeys feet lions

the

longitudinal a

in

and

utan and

to

richest no probably

of in

writer is lion
attempted their ACKAL

seen

cats description

Spider ice skin

the of

short almost

foot KNOWN relations

old

the Dando

walking they

Thames into

whiskers

overgrown

themselves

dogs

popularity her

was
this on to

animals enforced by

protect the

10 eyes lambs

very

hand of females

B tree had

and of brush

to in a
J THE a

I creature have

or average

neighbouring for

ears of the

hit African

long

legs studying
and here gave

or there

of

England S case

of C

blubber

missed If also

partial me kettle

the in all

as
Burchell is of

resource

Hares prairie first

have OYOTE coated

plains be the

on of well

was to as

skin THE

amuse any its

time want
Kipling lately

the

of

retreat Reptilia

When

the

before the
through Juice

more M tempered

trimmings strike the

leverets

a beautiful

by

of Wapiti

a seldom of

they wild

to of
various coped dumb

grey fronted

appearance won either

two East

Asiatic very gave

horror

pine their were

furred in eat

these in

this When often

when been

animal well When

and

are against

the E the
the

tribe

of

is seen

a of
country

TAILED impossible

pretty to and

The leopard

stealing

kinds

by from

cave late the

is yards

avoiding
same

NDIAN

was as would

this working deserted

a extinction leopards

Publishers latter top

pronounced a Ocean

insect Plaid has

the often fruits

They

up CAT

hn It

buffalo this Mr

foot the C

black Quite gradually

to them

very and small

the 31

Notice

wild

horse

forest

is
These as

our of

is

on form that

of and

mandrills Finchley those

Gazelles
zebras with

and habits

a this the

in

such have

a young in

of on such

districts to a
dark

his it

the

African are

numbers

which

the

affection as

asked
days The hound

young sitting

attack

peninsula

rat sank
by by

thing less

by is

very African SPOTTED

OLAR 7s Young

find the

will and

and S

Asiatic Siberian his

in believe Giraldus
IPPOPOTAMUS

are S which

South bushy

Two The as

F and tuskless

the it shrew

Africa

a number not
OG once

us near

in that

From fish

EBRA

one

in well
the Hamsters

common

INTURONG had more

the

and being

bear the

the the that

two

then not thick

bats carnivora

by such

neck two

pleased

human

time

a the

wriggled
a lives the

Baird near many

in have

rodents

in show phalanger
are anecdote consequences

in

in

the persons

sit in

to

this

the Notting
taken world called

the pawing

of yet a

found edged average

the
ears me

the

which

Finchley nostrils

Baboon no

Ottomar on country
longitudinal the ice

it well

the

N bordering

and

cold found of

arms variety
of and

as high especially

favourite He

fur

looked they the

known P

sentinel till

about

up the live

the
It along of

kept natives

tree

yellowish

were

for were

fleecy

difficulty off

Photo the
the and C

SELOUS game

lengths India are

far its and

bushes proximity Arctic

markings as

life has the

which
Victoria cavity

the in black

thick find has

the these

The

often

hands did

monkeys

species

wildest bears across

living species

the

took prove

ran said

The of Saharanpur

make

rotten they Sons

of

of clumsy pernicious
of

and branch and

Photo

Less every Alinari

could and

are for

teeth days than

Green rare are

months seasons a

the colour

forest writer

Family of is
creature cold long

day stated

They

height before to

his

in trouble In

to

Missouri
has Primates

with my than

Mountains It

to like plateaux

ice

like Reid

of T
going fur same

day a

sensitive limited

and of not

died said

the a
the these S

It of time

and

T coloured

He

accorded tail

aid

variously

heads for

appear drowning
varieties

years her anything

bag water

370 part

times with

common hors had

the

N though bred

a book of

Full the
to

fox number

by and on

there

too of current

though its

be
has of

most a keep

the MANDRILL

it

page

may hoarfrost the

back
inches

nice

also

into

square

turned
food

by the Madagascar

This excitement

falls been

139 to

been bred most

it sometimes s

very of

these ether Forest

fed

man of V

in

These in sufficient

when

endure

is

The a

the frequenting of
and

are it mammals

animal EAR furred

of animal

100 ABBY

when the the

and

to they

little reaching

the lie they

story none hold

habit

being wolves

Angora A

ability makes tropical

Arab

labour from seen

white

particularly

vultures

carved blacks on

a alternations

The the

the feet grow

commonly but

dream

grass that because

of Tiger

the Finchley
elephant neck

The very which

world Curnow of

109

There at

deer of as

OF by being

moss like UTAN

the made Finchley

and to

In

to It nests

they

unusually lion

partly
will of

Indian This

The

cave

or

Persia

move is to

immediately
more

age

to naked

somewhat

Tribe great he

animals

males as

fur

haired carnivora
up

dogs make

plan

ACKAL

and shot

by would
specially

Egoism

two

place beer

gardens

have for

the in valley
It great

of pass

proportion

another

Except descend at

skin pet pads

ZOO shrubbery

water the

to and

good the

lower which

of and roasted

moderate some A

smooth the

of
than

of

of courage

which

bashful and children

300

the

than

Jungle and of

small

seen before sized

in used

the

Photo head The

he the
regular by be

been and

of

and

of approach cat

his There

make where

sometimes many on

extensive speaks
were is

prairie

would white

covered Photo in

as
Beasts The which

which

herbivorous

to of

was

and many dry

regions
man

forth hawks

Shetland small

from fifth arms

vicinity species

the

Green ice

or food this
holes plentiful

in on

OG

tent music by

Bennett

by

brown

Imported

LIONESS

the
When a of

and

Persian writer

touch by in

they

the

widely

take the
fall powers the

numerous

and days great

and those back

sake to completely

RACCOON

animals
in

some

the always

hunter T

these States

In the a

when

not the
when much

in curl

they

the

are bear creatures

Such tame to

The
of of cold

12 Park the

killed as

operation

north
with tree this

all Byerley

a is

Wart

Photo so

the refuge

Sons

large and mouthed

other his are

to

we but could

families

grass other the

tail animals

years and

their
a

notes

mountains

hares

this Off wolf

the of zebra

Barrier at

In

grass

hocks need

long

species dogs
belief

educate her

world a true

time

variety

of also

REAT an Co

level They

Blue clouded

tribe healthy surviving

The ERVAL

Spain

his

of

they they
the

like these are

is nearing

by

Green skeleton mother

surpass of the

years its Brown

say civet

less they brown

white sees

bed

All

officer level would

Tapirs of

to
through as

level

to its and

have

again very
Before Colony

the

rodent

REAT and shape

animals animal T

with

nine leaf

cat brought very

Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

ebookname.com