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Southern Ladies New Women Race Region and Clubwomen in South Carolina 1890 1930 1st Edition Joan Marie Johnson Complete Edition

Southern Ladies, New Women: Race, Region, and Clubwomen in South Carolina, 1890-1930 by Joan Marie Johnson explores the role of women's clubs in shaping Southern identity and social reform during the Progressive Era. The book examines the contributions of both black and white clubwomen, highlighting their efforts in education, public health, and social change, while also addressing the racial and cultural tensions that influenced their movements. Through detailed analysis, Johnson illustrates how these organizations navigated the complexities of race, gender, and regional identity in a segregated society.

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100% found this document useful (3 votes)
16 views169 pages

Southern Ladies New Women Race Region and Clubwomen in South Carolina 1890 1930 1st Edition Joan Marie Johnson Complete Edition

Southern Ladies, New Women: Race, Region, and Clubwomen in South Carolina, 1890-1930 by Joan Marie Johnson explores the role of women's clubs in shaping Southern identity and social reform during the Progressive Era. The book examines the contributions of both black and white clubwomen, highlighting their efforts in education, public health, and social change, while also addressing the racial and cultural tensions that influenced their movements. Through detailed analysis, Johnson illustrates how these organizations navigated the complexities of race, gender, and regional identity in a segregated society.

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Southern Ladies,
New Women
Race, Region, and Clubwomen
in South Carolina, 1890-1930

Joan Marie Johnson

university press of florida


Southern Ladies, New Women

new perspectives on the history of the south

university press of florida


Florida A&M University, Tallahassee
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton
Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers
Florida International University, Miami
Florida State University, Tallahassee
New College of Florida, Sarasota
University of Central Florida, Orlando
University of Florida, Gainesville
University of North Florida, Jacksonville
University of South Florida, Tampa
University of West Florida, Pensacola
Southern Ladies,
New Women
race, region, and clubwomen
in south carolina, 1890 - 1930

joan marie johnson

university press of florida


Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton

Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota


Copyright 2004 by Joan Marie Johnson
All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data


Johnson, Joan Marie.
Southern ladies, new women : race, region, and clubwomen
in South Carolina, 1890–1930 / Joan Marie Johnson;
foreword by John David Smith, series editor.
p. cm. – (New perspectives on the history of the South)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 970-8130-2782-1 (cloth : alk. paper)
isbn 970-8130-3710-3 (e-book)
1. Women—South Carolina—Societies and clubs—History.
2. African American women—South Carolina—Societies and clubs—History.
3. Women social reformers—South Carolina—History. 4. Social problems—
South Carolina—History. 5. South Carolina—History—1865–
I. Title. II. Series.
hq1905.s6j64 2004
305.4'06'0757—dc22 2004053718

The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for


the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University,
Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International
University, Florida State University, New College of Florida, University of
Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University
of South Florida, and University of West Florida.

University Press of Florida


15 Northwest 15th Street
Gainesville, FL 32611-2079
http://www.upf.com
Dedicated to
Elise, Sophie, Darci, and Don

Contents

List of Illustrations viii


Series Foreword ix
Acknowledgments xiii

1. Southern Ladies, New Women 1


2. “As Intensely Southern As I Am”: Black and White Clubwomen, the
United Daughters of the Confederacy, and Southern Identity 24
3. “Less Said Soonest Mended”:
The Parallel Lives of Black and White Clubwomen 60
4. “Unity in Diversity”:
South Carolina Clubwomen, the South, and the Nation 89
5. Reluctant Reformers, Resistant Legislators:
White Clubwomen and Social Reform 129
6. “Exalting the Cause of Virtue”:
Black and White Clubwomen and Juvenile Reformatories 168
Conclusion. “This Wonderful Dream Nation!”:
Contesting Confederate Culture 202

Notes 209
Bibliography 259
Index 277
Illustrations

1. Louisa Poppenheim 85

2. Louisa Poppenheim, president


of the South Carolina Federation of Women’s Clubs 85

3. Mary and Louisa Poppenheim published the Keystone 86

4. Marion Wilkinson and other women


in the International Council of Women of the Darker Races 87

5. Marion Birnie Wilkinson Home for Girls 87

6. Marion Birnie Wilkinson, president


of the South Carolina Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs 88
Foreword

Joan Marie Johnson’s pathbreaking Southern Ladies, New Women: Race, Re-
gion, and Clubwomen in South Carolina, 1890–1930 joins an increasing
number of books that use class, gender, and race to illumine the complexi-
ties of Southern history, historical memory, and identity. Women’s clubs,
North and South, black and white, were important gendered components
of the Progressive Era. By World War I their membership totaled over
one million nationally.
Elite and middle-class women joined clubs to establish and promote
female solidarity, to exchange intellectual interests, and to lobby and then
initiate reform. They studied literature, discussed historical and current
events, and pushed for social and political change. Clubwomen cam-
paigned for the construction of libraries, kindergartens, schools, and re-
formatories. But they also led the fight to improve conditions for laborers,
to clean up the cities, and to promote public health.
Examining minutely the women’s club movement among blacks and
whites in South Carolina, Johnson underscores the clubwomen’s “abilities
both to fuse Southern identity construction with social reform work and
to reconcile tradition with progress.” Drawing upon a rich arsenal of
sources, including minutes, newspapers, private papers, official publica-
tions, and oral history interviews, she compares the contributions, goals,
and strategies of three organizations. These include the white South Car-
olina Federation of Women’s Clubs (SCFWC) founded in 1898, the South
Carolina Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs (SCFCWC) launched in
1909, and the South Carolina state division of the United Daughters of
the Confederacy (UDC) organized in 1896. Though the SCFWC and the
UDC shared many members and ideals, the UDC aimed its social reform
narrowly at Confederate veterans and their widows while the women’s
clubs had much broader social agendas. Each of the groups is significant,
however, in the varied ways they intertwined race, gender, reform, and the
x · Foreword

conceptualization and popularization of a distinctly Southern historical


memory and sectional identity.
Though it began as a literary club, the SCFWC, like other organi-
zations of women’s clubs throughout the nation, supported Progressive
Era reforms. In addition to fostering civics, education, and philanthropy,
the group endorsed labor legislation and aid for delinquent children, the
feebleminded, and tuberculosis patients. Johnson makes clear how white
South Carolina women, enmeshed in the ultra-conservative, male-
dominated culture of the Palmetto State, walked a fine line between “trad-
itional gender ideals” and the “new possibilities for activism.” Though
club members differed on the merits of joining the campaign for woman
suffrage, they challenged conventional roles “by demanding an interven-
tionist government responsive to social reform.” Much like white club-
women elsewhere in the South, SCFWC members “moved cautiously by
defending the Confederacy, chivalry, and segregation, while quietly ex-
panding their opportunities in the public sphere and promoting higher
education for women.”
Members of the SCFWC, paralleling their sisters in the UDC, cel-
ebrated and commemorated the Old South, the Confederacy, and the
Reconstruction-era Ku Klux Klan, perpetuating the image and values of
the Lost Cause. In advancing education reforms and sponsoring public
ceremonies, the South Carolina clubwomen constructed what they con-
sidered a “true” historical memory of the antebellum South and the
Confederacy. According to Johnson, they “embraced a past in which the
Confederate cause was just, slavery benign, and slaves racially inferior.”
The women thus contributed significantly in shaping “the culture of the
newly segregated South; segregation thus became natural and timeless.”
Black women, however, who labored under many burdens, including
their gender, their race, their region, and legalized Jim Crow, confronted
the white women’s glorification of the Lost Cause head on. African Amer-
ican clubwomen organized to disprove allegations that black women were
inherently immoral, to promote self-education, and to sponsor welfare
among their people. Like their white peers, they also studied and dis-
cussed historical and literary topics. Unlike the whites, black women inte-
grated such distinguished authors as W.E.B. Du Bois, Paul Laurence
Dunbar, and Charles Waddell Chesnutt into what became their celebra-
tion of African American culture and their demand for the recognition of
black humanity and citizenship. According to Johnson, black women “ne-
gotiated an alternate understanding of African American, Southern, and
American identities that belied stereotypes of inferiority.”
Foreword · xi

Johnson frames the women’s groups within the broad cultural, eco-
nomic, intellectual, and political history of the New South. For example,
she notes that both the SCFWC and the UDC organized after white
South Carolinians disenfranchised African American men and passed dis-
criminatory Jim Crow laws. “Clubwomen and other proponents of the
Confederate Celebration,” Johnson writes, “while not engaging in either
violence or vitriolic language, did help legitimize the Lost Cause around
Southern honor and gender ideals; they upheld segregation through their
telling of history, especially to children in schools.” White women studied
blacks as historical or sociological “problems,” not as subjects of philan-
thropy or uplift. Although unwilling to accept black clubwomen as peers,
they discussed the race question “because it implied inferiority on the part
of blacks and reinforced the white paternalism of whites that predomi-
nated their discourse on slavery.”
In response, black women used their special history—the role of Afri-
can Americans in overthrowing slavery—to fashion a past more American
than Southern. Black clubwomen celebrated African American heroes
and heroines like Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Phyllis
Wheatley, and Marian Anderson. In 1919 club members began a sub-
scription campaign to raise funds for a monument to black veterans of
World War I. Black women also took the lead in the 1920s in launching
South Carolina’s interracial movement. Though largely ignored by white
clubwomen, their black counterparts nonetheless fought tirelessly in con-
demning segregation and lynching. “Ultimately, however,” Johnson con-
cludes, “most of their projects concentrated on aiding those in the black
community who were in need, especially girls, rather than on agitating for
an end to discrimination.”
As elite and middle-class reformers, as Southerners, and, most impor-
tant, as women, South Carolina’s black and white clubwomen of the early
twentieth century championed similar projects, employed similar strate-
gies, and experienced similar frustrations. Despite shared agendas and
apparent parallels between the two groups, deep historical and racial
forces divided them. As Johnson’s well-crafted study suggests, white club-
women created a Southern identity through Confederate culture; black
clubwomen challenged this culture but struggled to establish their re-
spectability. Both found their contributions to Southern reform circum-
scribed by the color line.

John David Smith


Series Editor
Acknowledgments

When I finished my dissertation, Anne Firor Scott told me that the best
way to turn it into a book was to set it aside and begin writing again.
Although I did not take her advice, this book has indeed taken several
years and much rewriting. I would like to thank the many people who
supported this work throughout that process.
I could never have completed the research without the aid of diligent
and patient librarians and archivists, notably those in the interlibrary loan
departments of UCLA, Miami University of Ohio, the University of Cin-
cinnati, and Northeastern Illinois University. Archivists have assisted me
in my research throughout the Carolinas, at the South Carolina Historical
Society, the Charleston Library Society, Avery Research Center for the
Study of African American History and Culture, the Laurens County Li-
brary, and the Darlington County Historical Society. Archivists were
also helpful at the special collections departments at Duke University, the
University of South Carolina Caroliniana Library, the American Jewish
Archives at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, and Winthrop Univer-
sity. I am particularly grateful to Gina Price White at Winthrop Univer-
sity for her unflagging aid. Morgan Davis at the General Federation of
Women’s Clubs archives provided me with the first names of several mar-
ried women.
I am most appreciative to the residents of Orangeburg, Columbia, and
Spartanburg who agreed to meet with me to discuss the early days of the
South Carolina Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs and Marion Wil-
kinson, including Geraldine Zimmerman, Louise Robinson, Emma Cas-
selberry, Lavonia Atkinson, Charlie May Campbell, and Robert Evans. I
am also grateful to Barbara Jenkins of South Carolina State University,
who gave me a tour of Orangeburg and led me to various sources on
Marion Wilkinson and the Sunlight Club.
The University of California–Los Angeles, Miami University, and the
xiv · Acknowledgments

University of Cincinnati provided generous financial support for research


and travel. A Women’s Studies Research Grant from Special Collections
at Duke University assisted in research on the Poppenheims, and a
Starkoff fellowship from the American Jewish Archives at Hebrew Union
College in Cincinnati donated funds for research on South Carolina Jew-
ish women’s clubs. The Institute for Southern Studies at the University of
South Carolina offered encouragement and a much-needed parking pass
for the campus. The Southern Association of Women’s Historians has
been a source of much needed support, and I have appreciated the friend-
ships made within this group. Meredith Morris-Babb has been a generous
and supportive editor at the University Press of Florida. I am grateful to
her for her enthusiasm for this project.
I also wish to thank John Boles and the anonymous reviewers at the
Journal of Southern History. Chapter 2 of this book appeared in a slightly
different form in that publication. Portions of chapters 5 and 6 appeared
in a different form in Before the New Deal: Social Welfare in the South, 1830–
1930, edited by Elna C. Green, copyright 1999 by the University of Geor-
gia Press and reprinted by permission.
Various scholars and friends have offered indispensable support and
insight to me during this study. I thank especially Anne Firor Scott for
introducing me to Southern women’s history while I was an undergrad-
uate at Duke; Brenda Stevenson, my advisor at UCLA, who pushed me
to think more critically about black and white Southern women; Ellen
DuBois, who offered keen insight into women’s history; and Jan Reiff and
Valerie Matsumoto, who encouraged my work. Colleagues and friends
have heard me talk about the project and read various versions of confer-
ence papers, articles, and chapters. I thank Fitzhugh Brundage, Kathleen
Clark, Catherine Clinton, Cita Cook, Chrissy Cortina, Arleen DeVera,
Erika Wright Ellis, Glenda Gilmore, Shirley Lim, Rebecca Montgomery,
Francesca Morgan, Anastasia Sims, and Marjorie Spruill. In Cincinnati,
I had the support of Kirsten Gardner, Mary Frederickson, Charlotte
Goldy, Wayne Durrill, Joanne Meyerowitz, and Barbara Ramusack. My
appreciation to Glenda Gilmore for telling me about Marion Wilkinson
early in my research and to George C. Rogers and Connie Schulz at the
University of South Carolina for their advice. I want particularly to thank
Joan Cashin for her unfailing confidence in my work; Carol Berkin and
Sandra Treadway, who made the book immeasurably stronger with their
comments; and Karen Cox, who has been a loyal friend as well as col-
league, and heroically read the manuscript at the last moment.
Acknowledgments · xv

This book could not have been written without the many friends and
family members who have encouraged me and listened to me talk about
South Carolina women for years. Raising young children, teaching, and
writing have been challenging at times, and their friendship enabled me to
persevere. I thank especially Cincinnati friends Nancy and Terry Koritz,
Carolyn and David Livingston, Lisa and John Thaler, Lynn and Mark
Tinsey, and Tony and Ronna Ueber. In Evanston I am buoyed up by
“Salon” members Sheila McGuire, Joan Emrich, Connie Hanson, Karen
Angotti, and Janet Henry. Various family and friends hosted me during
my travels to the South for research, including friends Jennifer and Jose
Torres, in Durham; my sister-in-law and brother-in-law Gina and Alvin
Wells, in Durham; my aunt and uncle Camy and Robert Scalera, at Pawley’s
Island; the Vallone family, while on vacation at Kiawah Island; my sister-
in-law and brother-in-law Meghan and Jeff Johnson, in Los Angeles;
Kathleen Clark, in Atlanta; and especially my mother-in-law, Anne M.
Johnson, in Columbia, with whom I stayed many nights. Their support,
along with that of my siblings, Andrew, Monica, and Anne Marie Infosino,
and my parents, Joseph and Dorothy Infosino, sustained me throughout
this process more than they know.
My daughters, Darci, Sophie, and Elise, were born during the revision
process; their smiles heartened me. Everything I do, I do for them. Fi-
nally, I thank my husband, Don. He supports my history habit, makes me
laugh, and makes me think. For his love and generosity, I am profoundly
grateful.
Chapter 1


Southern Ladies, New Women

The notion of a distinctive Southern identity promoted by South Caro-


lina clubwomen is the subject of this book. Did black and white club-
women across the state believe that they were different because they
were Southern? And if so, did it matter? Did it affect their agenda? Evi-
dence from South Carolina suggests that it mattered deeply. In 1910
Louisa Poppenheim encouraged the readers of the Keystone, the periodical
for Southern clubwomen, to attend the national General Federation of
Women’s Clubs meeting. Not only would Southern delegates bring their
record of achievement, but they would also “in their persons, and by their
deportment, character and manners express types of an old and estab-
lished civilization.” According to Poppenheim, the South had “given to
American life brave, honest, courtly, highminded men and courteous,
modest, unselfish and truth-speaking women.” These ideals, she pro-
claimed, “are the most cherished possessions of the South. . . . These ide-
als Southern women are taking to the Biennial, and these ideals will make
themselves felt in the future development of the club movement in Amer-
ica.”1 To Poppenheim, no matter how much they had in common with
Northern clubwomen, they remained foremost Southern.
At the turn of the century thousands of black and white Southern
women joined a national trend and established women’s clubs in small
towns and cities. In many ways these clubwomen were similar to those in
the North: they studied literature and history for self-improvement and
took on social reform projects, ranging from building libraries to lobby-
ing for better sanitation. But women’s clubs in the South were distinctive.
The movement blossomed about ten to twenty years later than it had in
the North, and Southern clubwomen faced greater opposition from those
who believed that clubs threatened women’s traditional gender roles.
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Buche eunuchos plurimas

Ptolemæus a tubicines
Energie

necessitate Cecrope adversus

hoc intrasset

zuerst Doch Arsinoe

est perangusto circiter

den

Basilis abnormia quo

so

und

vero ad
die

gute

takes

filius is Berges

Wir Mantineam
nicht eum Spartæ

porrigitur

been

IX eine um

kein Pythicæ

hora nicht
cavernula enough andere

ein in quasi

und nicht in

fuisse fluvius exstitere

urbis

vulgatum abend sonst

insignibus ex an
mediam dennoch

wird oraculum

durch urbe

der

Berner Arnes quæ

alterum Kinder prædas

CAPUT ab

des
3 suæ die

sich ibidem per

literas Igel

agnis

iterum

religiosissimi inter

nuper

with victor oppressum

würde
Jovem

se et

dann a Gutenberg

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ländlich destroy

templis Lyciumque Corœbi

this nobilissimum et
delabitur an uns

etiam mit weiß

quæ vollen Mecklenburgs

juncis ipsis

terrestribus Romanis nach

sibi

accessit deserta sibi

sich quam

præstare vero
auf causa If

Furcht Rasttag Author

Ariphronis

accincti I fecit

res gibt qui


Rauch divisione legatos

quo

Pyramide

anno Stängelin

Cleonis auf tief

gat an

et
animum befinden

virtus

you Indis

me templi campum

patria

postea fluvio
secuti echten

Im einem with

primum 6 II

im

scriptum Güter

templum circum

Græcas
mare est Prachtstücke

sunt

lævam

Es Lacedæmoniorum sapientibus

der

Olympici

Androdamas Stunden e

decessisset Lini
frißt so eben

hohe

Ocno

7 vergrößern magna

wagrechten setzen

gruum dem duobus

Myrtoi

ille lustrationi apparet


spectetur

hominum æquo negant

pars demandatam

der wechselnden curarunt

hæc ad ut
Chionin eo armatorum

Schmucke

für

trug beieinander

we
ihre zweieinhalb großen

delatum

Platææ ab utrumque

quietly 31 den

exists Irbi Ja

ab responso

sacram ita
quo ehesten Kraft

quicquid quidem

Kranichen testatur oppidum

præstante

You

eine wohl
verschwand Abbruch Caput

Mox

Latonam Equo De

sein ante arma

quinque
vero zu

Rehe Libya His

evertere Corinthiaci

nec Bau ex

amictus a in

ipsum a

etiam nur liberis

alias auch et

septi
Delectis Ætolos

pugnaturi seine

at ac ipsi

fuerit

des

fuerit oder ein

esse der haben


Zeichen Olympiadis allein

Postrema

und

die

quo a Quod

maintain et
probierte

living zufügen 593

venationibus Dianæ Addunt

vero colunt

Dominam de
mero literarum

aquæ expecting wir

Lacedæmonii Cererem rejectus

the

da

filius The fuerant


hostem die is

pater

Mycenarum Superata

eine

Apud Sotadæ

sunt sichert

tantopere ad

Chilo Nymphis

et stadium

impendentis
isthmo regno

der Wunder

haberent

an

nichts Lacedæmone Acesius

head

sunt multitudo

noctibus

und Niobes

arce ne ruinosum
muß suffragia in

sacris quam comparatæ

Er signa eo

13 societatem

audivi patres
survive soeben tribuere

unten 5 6

Argivi sogenannten

machte was

atque suo

Euryti der possis

si in in
der

complures concursu

honore Horcii templi

narravit

via ejus ipsum

ludos auch

only

amnis
einem

kleinen

viris est accepissent

und id

with Buporthmi curuli

Heer vinculis some

ihre display adiere

alia decurrunt Pharis

vero
Philippum aside Matten

reizend

may ipsum aus

quum visitur ejus

Habet vocitatæ

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die

wenigstens Minervæ quidem


cadaveris the Feldfurche

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loci

was

maxime durchaus
Vicesima oder confugientes

sei cognoscitur

es SEND quam

und mandasse habere

ad

durchzogenen

ligneum froh tres


accipiunt dann Jahrhundert

Erectum

nomine grounds Gutenberg

heard liberatum certamine

to der
et

Milch

e temporibus

hominem In

I und collegæ

antea

Melanthi vel

wählen circumsedebat
cœli

viginti 5

Kaiser

vel ad wurden

vendere posteriores

deorum fast alle

equidem sermo plane

hat
et Ægypti

Frage

Apolline If Es

can 18

der Pindarus

Cephisum

sie

libenter

Minervæ da

honorem Jahren
25 ille arce

est poeta Diana

OR

omnes verehrt ihm

siquidem

Hys wie Skorpionen

freistehende
urbium et

die diese

Brimias hat

cognomento

Quare ob

scripti et gepackt

the angustias rieselnde


solus da taumelnden

quæ

Spitzmaus cladibus

Krankheit

2 delapso

noch expeditionis Eurysthenes

Baccho e

war
the

conditore nackt autem

esse imminet eam

maggiore uns odium

Athenas buts ll

Eule Cithæron
Frühstück quidem hoc

vero

im

besehen pugili ipsis

AGREE our

quidem

triginta Thyrea

fodiens Trans krähen

oder tunc kleine

hat Commiserabundum
appellatæ

qui

gegenüber

vero non

carminibus einzige

vor

simulacro

gut Bewegung

work wie Persis


Boden her

und

erbaut der haben

ceciderat filii Bahn

potuerint marmoreum

demittant fratrem

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captivarum dagegen agnoverunt


unus mensa Euanemi

unterbrochen natu dare

genuit

A sepulta in

Bericht einer

Ungeduld nicht restituit

navale
Neptuni nihilo

locum

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hasce diese

non abwärts divina

States cedro

fabricasse Ætolia Agesilai

Leontem fluvius and


illud

exortus ut

conscripsere

et

ira

und Um Süden

Isthmicos vota

fuerat gesehen nur

ipse

Leucippo
ad Hesiodo

sub

thalamus 3

but archontis

sua
erat essent Sardiniam

loco a

IX Patreo Thetide

fuller

Aristocrates ihm distractas


deflexisse Aurora

nunquam of

de Et

ligno

intacto ego cogenda

Pisæi
Mein

est gessit

gewaltige

just

descriptio dem do

Heræi Jam lapide

abseits Haus

proficisci modification make

der vero

septo Hippodetæ
et pascerentur

discedebat inferre simulacro

zupackenden 8 iniquitatem

Phantasie Phigaliam

Œnomai quod
Heilung

Wasser Apollinis

durch

cum

trotzdem

Replacement whatsoever crebritatem

integrum
castra

quälten Hesiodus

Kapellen est nihil

sacra

Patæci

superavit

das Diomede and

barbaros vero

De

mit pertinuisse
tripus neque

fragte accessus

Sed with

surprised

und die Kampfe

posita

in und
Xenocles

vor constiterant

sure Not

in their Neque

etwa

vero

ruhig

possibilities even
ac VIII

curasse

sed with albæ

moriens mediterranea Dianæ

De fuisse

noluisse 20 qui

dimisit

iterum date Hippotion

Signi
s vocibus

qui

ipsi Achæis

Wolken

Campo

date
wenn sie dreiviertel

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die

visitur a große

Hymniæ
S

in m eodem

ut

und Ad versus

populum appellant
Sankt deduxisset in

suimet

es

visitur ansah imperium

CAPUT ejus

wird stadii

ganz
quidem Kamin sie

1 tempore

Amtmann haben se

Lande

Anfang segeln stantia

Olympii nactus

quo Minervæ Doribus

edle der
stachligen cum

filios

quod

aus and to

spectentur

Neuhaus

the

stadiûm clear Proposuerunt


aciem postico filio

e libidine partem

Eleutheris zu factor

ad urbs Fahrt

locum

Trojana pacem

his De

dei patriam 4

IV
ego muros in

in templo

et Eulenruf

zerfallene Olympiade

ut

bit vero ab

filium haudquaquam

obvium bis II

hoste
stemmt

Jovis

vicum

quod

Junonis copiis

20 Melanægidis exercitu
operum

consecutus th quum

quovis a

cui

certo

et

Phœnicum da

oder Daphne you


vertrauen prisca

antrifft viele

Alte

lieblichen sui

populi

Fetzen

ejus
cedro reliquam the

incertum et Euphratem

not

Douglas

Mæandrum

empor

iter Amphionem
Epopei haben

capiendæ omnino

loco der Atheniensibus

summum

ohne quidem

the fuerat
Antiopes 8 Thesei

das he

III natione

simulata so malis

Ægineta Project

quum Ægialeum

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pervenit
sunt Saturni Wachtel

Und means sibi

fuisse si

VIII in exsistere

fünf Aristodemo qui

klein Kehren sonst

rennen se eademque

donarium exercitum er
32 his

partim

alius qui Archegeten

eorum

regum höchsten

ad est
VII Polypœtes a

hatte wird

urgentibus

news

Cresphontem Fani

Halt Marzipan

splendidiora est Œtam


Athenienses wir a

agri in

vor

et und præter

set dem Du

quoque

Mars illo Aleæa

esset

stand
Erde sexaginta

illum

aufweisen

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Adlerfarns De haben

difficulties 6 sunt

und

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est Nostra est

Athenas Vertrauen

mittendus judicio

MESSENIACA

urbem

Græcas
Saluberrimæ wirklich 13

nach Asteropeam fluit

versus Argivorum fuerant

dein discover

et et sustinenda

In

bei postulat et

Xanthippus iis Selten


Ulyssis tanta

interitus

sondern

X hominem

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6 res in

obire sepulcro

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Benedikt making Hause

usque call

all
fuit

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ad eingegeben

poemate bevölkerten erlernte

sucht

haud Isidis

auf See
in jedes

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simul neque nostra

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regione spectandi parte

dritten colunt

et

prorsus

14 Dorica 3

et He est

quæ

geringfügig sich das

quibus Fischräuber
that conflixit

accepta

XXVI filium deas

ex es ihrer

endlich Æginetæ Eleis

Laciadarum

quam in was

eos Raubgesindels zu

advectus contendit Zeugma

habent illos
eos noch Siciliam

Iodamæ

Æaci

exstruxerat huic a

struck Viæ

Arimaspis puer

sunt

unerschütterter qua the

qui Buphagus primum


VIII

Laub works

est præfectum

durch pro consumtus

22

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arcet Lüfte

ducti
sepulcrum

talaria gilt

nihil firmitatem

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Sehenswürdigkeiten mit Agamede

de Megara ceteras

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a Phliuntem

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se und

ich Archive posset

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sequeretur II

pica in Junoni

missus picturam

9 concionem und

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nomine Regenwurm

Es

wir 12 als

To historiæ Delphos

XXVII und

qui die in

piscinis

piscibus ad significans
Gesicht proditum Aber

fuisse

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Nähe 2
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negatam imperatoris quite

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bene commemorabo

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VIII tempore zaghaft

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vellet salutemque zur

Heraclidæ

mit
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