2 Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

1. flood ► vt. vi. 淹沒；淹水

[flʌd] 課 During the storm, the pouring rain flooded many streets in
the city.
在暴風雨期間，傾盆大雨淹沒了城市內許多街道。
． Hit by a hurricane, this coastal area was flooded last month.
因為受到颶風襲擊，上個月這個沿海地區被淹沒了。
課 The village floods whenever it rains heavily.
每次下大雨，這個村莊就會淹水。
． The whole bathroom flooded when the pipe burst.
水管破裂時，整個浴室都淹水了。

flood vi. 大量湧入；充斥

． Many people flooded into tourist areas such as Kenting and
Tamsui during the long weekend.
許多人在週末長假時大量湧入觀光區，如墾丁與淡水。

flood ► n. [C, U] 洪水；水災

[flʌd] 課 Many of the town’s farms were destroyed by the floods,
leaving people with little to eat.
這個鎮的許多農田被洪水沖毀，使人們幾乎沒有東西可吃。
． Because of the heavy rains that fell in June, China faced
some of its worst floods in recent decades.
因為六月下的豪雨，中國面臨了一些近幾十年來它最嚴重的
洪水。

29
 課 The government has issued flood warnings for low-lying
areas.
政府已經對低窪地區發布洪水警報。
． Even though a lot of flood prevention measures had been
taken, the damage was still enormous.
即使已經採取了許多防洪措施，損失依舊慘重。

flooding ► n. [U] 洪水；水災

[`flʌdɪŋ] 課 The typhoon has caused serious flooding in some regions of
the country.
這個颱風在這個國家的某些區域已經造成嚴重的水災。
． The locals near the lake area were all evacuated due to
flooding.
那湖區附近的當地居民全都因水災撤離了。

2. appropriate ► adj. 合適的；恰當的

[ә`proprɪɪt] 課 This film is not appropriate for children because it contains
a lot of violence.
這部電影不適合兒童觀賞，因為它包含許多暴力。
． Jeans and shorts are not appropriate clothes for a job
interview.
牛仔褲與短褲並非面試工作的合適衣物。
． It is not appropriate for doctors to share their patients’
conditions without permission.
未經許可，醫生分享患者的病情是不恰當的。

suitable adj. 合適的

inappropriate adj. 不合適的

3. promising ► adj. 有希望的；大有可為的

[`prɑmɪsɪŋ] 課 Although Tom has just started his new business, it looks
very promising.
雖然 Tom 的新生意才剛開始，看起來卻非常有遠景。
． With the announcement of a second lockdown in some
regions, the future doesn’t look promising at all.
隨著某些地區宣布第二波的封城，前景看來一點都不樂觀。

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 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

promise vt. 保證；允諾

． My daughter promised to call me every day when she went
abroad for further studies.
我的女兒保證出國深造時，每天都會打電話給我。

promise n. [C] 諾言；承諾

． If you don’t want to lose your credibility, you should
always keep your promises.
如果你不想失去信用，就應該遵守諾言。

4. arched ► adj. 拱形的

[ɑrtʃt] 課 The church has a unique design, with large arched windows
and a pointed roof.
這座教堂的設計獨特，有大型的拱形窗戶以及一個尖形屋
頂。
． After you go through the arched gate, you will feel like you
are entering an ancient village.
當你通過拱形大門後，就會覺得自己像是正進入一個古老的
村莊。

arch vt. 使⋯⋯拱起

． In our yoga class, the teacher taught us to arch and then
round our spine to stretch our back.
在我們的瑜伽課上，老師教我們拱起脊椎，然後使其成圓
形，以伸展我們的背部。

arch ► n. [C] （建築物的）拱形結構

[ɑrtʃ] 課 The bright red arches of the bridge stand out against the
blue sky and the clear water below.
這座橋的亮紅色拱形，在藍天及橋下清澈河水之間，顯得非
常醒目。
． Gothic architecture features rib vaults, flying buttresses, and
pointed arches.
哥德式建築的特色是肋狀拱頂，飛扶壁和尖形拱門。

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5. solar ► adj. 太陽（能）的
[`solɚ] 課 Our solar system is mainly made up of eight planets, which
move around the Sun.
我們的太陽系主要由八大行星組成，八大行星繞著太陽運
行。
． To replace fossil fuels, scientists are working hard to find a
more efficient way to harvest solar energy.
為了取代礦物燃料，科學家們正在努力尋找更有效率的方法
來收集太陽能。
． Use a special filter or a pinhole projector to view a solar
eclipse. Never look at the sun directly.
用特殊濾鏡或針孔投影盒觀賞日蝕。切勿直視太陽。

6. panel ► n. [C] 方格板塊；嵌板

[`pænḷ] 課 One of the glass panels of the door was broken and needed
to be replaced.
這扇門上的玻璃嵌板有一片破了，需要更換。
． Jonas had difficulty deciding what kind of ceiling panels
suited his new house best.
Jonas 很難決定哪種天花板嵌板最適合他的新房子。

► n. [C] 專門小組
課 During the fashion design competition, each team will need
to present their creativity to a panel of experts.
在這場服裝設計比賽中，每一支隊伍將需要向一個專家小組
展示他們的創意。
． The producer of this TV show invited several doctors to be
on the panel and take part in the discussion.
這個電視節目的製作人邀請了幾位醫師參與專家小組並加入
討論。

panel n. [C] 儀表板；操縱臺

． The pilot checked the control panel carefully before taking
off.
飛行員在起飛前，仔細檢查了控制面板。

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 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

7. install ► vt. 安裝
[ɪn`stɔl] 課 It is important to install an anti-virus program on your
computer to keep it safe.
在你的電腦上安裝一個防毒軟體來保護其安全是很重要的。
． Security cameras were installed in our community due to
the rise in burglaries.
由於入室盜竊案增加，我們的社區裡安裝了保全攝影機。

installation n. [U] 安裝
． In Taiwan, you usually don’t need to pay an extra fee for the
installation of a washing machine.
在臺灣，安裝洗衣機通常不需要支付額外的費用。

8. muddy ► adj. 泥濘的

[`mʌdɪ] 課 The football field became very muddy due to the constant rain.
因為不斷下雨，足球場變得非常泥濘。
． Peter’s shoes and pants were muddy when he came back
from the farm.
Peter 從農地回來時，他的鞋子及褲子沾滿泥漿。

muddy adj. 含泥的；渾濁的

． Scientists have come up with a few ways to turn muddy
water into clean drinkable water.
科學家們想出了幾種方法將泥水變成乾淨的飲用水。

mud ► n. [U] 泥漿；淤泥

[mʌd] 課 Ashley’s boots are caked with mud from her morning hike
through the woods.
Ashley 的靴子覆蓋著一層因早上健行穿越樹林而來的泥塊。
． After the flood subsided, all the furniture was covered with
a layer of mud.
洪水消退後，所有的家具都被一層淤泥覆蓋。

9. session ► n. [C] （從事某項活動的）⼀段時間

[`sɛʃәn] 課 The tennis player begins every training session with some
warm-up exercises.
這名網球選手在每個訓練時段開始前，都會做些暖身運動。

33
 ． The patient is advised to attend counseling sessions on a
regular basis.
這名病患被建議定期參加諮商。

session n. [C] 學期；學年

． Students who are interested in Professor Miller’s research
can take his course during the summer session.
對 Miller 教授的研究感興趣的學生可以選修他在夏季學期的
課程。

10. project ► vt. 投射；投影

[prә`dʒɛkt] 課 The artist projected 3D images onto the building and turned
it into a giant Christmas tree.
這名藝術家將3D 影像投射在這棟建築物上，將它變成一棵
巨大的耶誕樹。
． The teacher often turns his teaching materials into slides
and projects them onto a screen in class.
這位老師時常將他的教材變成投影片，並在課堂上將它們投
影到螢幕上。

project vt. 發送；放（聲）

． When you speak in front of a large crowd, you need to
project your voice so that everyone can hear you.
當你在一大群人面前講話時，你需要放開你的聲音，以便每
個人都能聽得到你。

project ► n. [C] 專案；計畫

[`prɑdʒɛkt] 課 Dr. Lee’s team has been working on a research project on
rare diseases for three years.
李博士的團隊已經進行一個罕見疾病的研究計畫三年了。
． Funded by the government, the educational project aims to
build up students’ core competencies.
由政府資助，這項教育專案旨在培養學生的核心能力。

► n. [C] （學生的）專題研究
課 Lily is doing a history project on Taiwan under Japanese
rule.
Lily 正在做一份關於臺灣在日治時期的歷史專題研究。

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 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

． The special project that we were asked to do by our English

teacher accounts for 40% of our final grade.
我們被英文老師要求做的特別專題研究占最後總成績的百分
之四十。

11. practical ► adj. 實際的

[`præktɪkḷ] 課 While Eric would like to satisfy everyone, in practical
terms, it is just not possible.
雖然 Eric 想要使每個人都滿意，具體來說這是不可能的。
． A graduate diploma is a plus in applying for a job, but what
really counts is practical experience.
研究所文憑對申請工作有加分，但真正重要的是實際經驗。
． Striking a balance between tourism and environmental
preservation is a practical problem facing many countries.
在觀光業與環境保護之間尋求平衡是許多國家正面臨的實際
問題。

► adj. 實用的
課 High heels may look beautiful, but they are not practical for
daily activities.
高跟鞋可能看起來很漂亮，但對日常活動來說並不實用。
． A practical tip on drawing up a schedule is to survey your
time and sort out your priorities.
一個擬訂計畫表的實用技巧就是審視你的時間並把你的事情
排出輕重緩急。

impractical adj. 不實際的；不實用的

12. issue ► n. [C] 議題

[`ɪʃjʊ] 課 It is time that the government addressed some
environmental issues like air pollution and wildlife
protection.
該是政府處理一些環境議題的時候了，例如空氣汙染以及野
生動物保護。
． Scientists are debating the issue of whether or not people
should bring back extinct animals.
科學家們在辯論人們是否應救回已絕種的動物。

35
 issue n. [C] （報章雜誌）期、號
． Rita is very interested in an article about aliens from outer
space in the July issue of Scientific American.
Rita 對《科學人》7月號裡一篇關於外星人的文章很感興
趣。

issue ► vt. 發布
[`ɪʃjʊ] 課 The company issued a statement apologizing for the
problem with the product and offering to give customers
refunds.
這間公司發布了一則聲明，為這項產品的問題道歉，並提供
顧客退款。
． The residents just received a tsunami warning issued by the
government, asking them to stay away from the coastal
area.
居民剛剛收到政府發布的海嘯警告，請他們遠離沿海地區。

13. nutrition ► n. [U] 營養（學）

[nju`trɪʃәn] 課 Ms. Anderson is a professor of nutrition at Harvard
University.
Anderson 女士是一位哈佛大學的營養學教授。
． Serena wants to major in nutrition because she wants to
learn more about how food impacts one’s health.
Serena 想要主修營養學，因為她想學習多一些關於食物如何
影響一個人健康的事。

► n. [U] 營養（物質）
課 Proper nutrition is especially important for young children,
as their brains and bodies are still developing.
對於幼童來說，適當的營養特別重要，因為他們的腦部和身
體還在發育。
． Every year, many children in underdeveloped countries
suffer from poor nutrition.
每年，低度開發國家中許多兒童受營養不良所苦。

malnutrition n. [U] 營養不良

nutrient n. [C] 養分；營養素

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 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

． From the textbook, we learned that there are six major

nutrients, all of which are essential to our life and health.
從教科書中，我們了解到有六種主要營養素，它們對我們的
生命和健康都至關重要。

nutritious ► adj. 營養豐富的

[nju`trɪʃәs] 課 My mom cooked us a delicious and nutritious dinner that
consisted of whole wheat pasta, chicken, and vegetables.
我媽媽為我們烹煮美味營養的晚餐，包括全麥義大利麵、雞
肉以及蔬菜。
． Even though people know instant noodles are neither
wholesome nor nutritious, they still eat them often.
即使人們知道泡麵對健康無益也不營養，但他們仍時常吃。

14. hygiene ► n. [U] 衛生

[`haɪdʒin] 課 It is important to maintain good personal hygiene practices
such as washing your hands, brushing your teeth, and
bathing regularly.
維持良好的個人衛生習慣是重要的，例如洗手、刷牙，以及
按時洗澡。
． Understanding the basics of good oral hygiene helps
prevent tooth decay and other tooth and gum diseases.
了解良好口腔衛生的基本知識有助於預防蛀牙及其他牙齒和
牙齦疾病。
． Restaurants and hotels are required to maintain high standards
of hygiene; otherwise, fines will be imposed accordingly.
餐廳和旅館被要求維持高衛生標準；否則，將相應處以罰款。

15. resistant ► adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的

[rɪ`zɪstәnt] 課 This new type of mango tree is resistant to disease, so it will
stay alive and healthy longer than others.
這棵新品種的芒果樹對疾病有抵抗力，所以它將比其他品種
活得更長久健康。
． According to experts, these materials are resistant to fire
and thus suitable for home construction.
根據專家所言，這些材料是抗火的，因此適合建造房屋。

37
 ► adj. 抵制的；抗拒的
課 Parker has always been resistant to change, so he wasn’t
happy when his parents said they would be moving.
Parker 總是抗拒改變，所以當他的父母說要搬家時，他並不
開心。
． It’s hard to change Phillip’s mind because he is always
resistant to being told what to do.
很難改變 Phillip 的心意，因為他總是抗拒被交代該做什麼。

resist ► vt. vi. 抵抗；反抗

[rɪ`zɪst] 課 Those soldiers continued to resist the enemy until other
troops came to their rescue.
那些士兵繼續抵抗敵人，直到其他部隊前來救援。
． It was impossible for the unarmed civilians to resist the
attacks from the heavily armed terrorists.
手無寸鐵的老百姓不可能抵抗全副武裝恐怖分子的攻擊。
課 The robber tried to take the woman’s bag, but she strongly
resisted.
這名搶匪試圖要奪走這位婦人的包包，但她奮力抵抗。
． Though the police tried to drive away the people who were
blocking the entrance to the building, they were determined
to resist.
儘管警方試圖驅趕擋住該建築物入口的人，但他們決心抵
抗。

► vt. 抵制；抗拒
課 Many students resisted wearing the uniform designed by
their school because they thought it was ugly.
許多學生抗拒穿他們學校設計的制服，因為他們認為很醜。
． The management firmly resisted demands from the workers
for a five percent pay raise within three months.
管理階層堅決抵制員工們提出三個月內加薪百分之五的要
求。

resist vt. 抵擋；忍住

． Bianca can never resist the temptation to eat ice cream on a
hot summer day.

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 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

Bianca 從未能抵擋在炎炎夏日吃冰淇淋的誘惑。

resistance ► n. [U] 反對；抗拒

[rɪ`zɪstәns] 課 There is a lot of resistance to the company’s new attendance
rule. The employees think it is unreasonable.
這間公司的新出勤規定遭遇許多反對。員工認為其不合理。
． Without clear updates given to the public, the government’s
new tax policy met with considerable resistance.
因為沒有給大眾清楚的更新訊息，政府的新稅收政策遭遇到
很大的反對。

16. productivity ► n. [U] 生產率

[ˏprodʌk`tɪvәtɪ] 課 The new manager of the factory hopes to increase
productivity through the use of new machines.
這間工廠的新任經理希望透過新機器的使用來增加生產率。
． Because the company’s latest product is very popular in the
market, its factory is trying to increase its productivity to
meet the need.
由於這間公司的最新產品在市場上非常受歡迎，其工廠正設
法增加其生產率以滿足需求。

produce vt. 生產；製造

． All the bags in this store are hand-made, and we only
produce ten every month.
這家店裡所有袋子都是手工製作的，我們每個月只生產十
個。

productive ► adj. 多產的；豐饒的

[prә`dʌktɪv] 課 The governor would like to turn this area into productive
land so that it could provide food for many people.
這位州長想要將這個地區轉變為豐饒的土地，以便能提供食
糧給眾多人民。
． As a night owl, Ford feels he is more productive at night;
that is, he gets a lot done when he stays up late.
身為夜貓子，Ford 覺得他在夜晚更多產；意即，他熬夜時可
以完成很多工作。

unproductive adj. 產量少的；貧瘠的

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17. sufficient ► adj. 充足的；足夠的
[sә`fɪʃәnt] 課 Nick’s earnings are not sufficient to cover all of his living
expenses.
Nick 的收入不足以支付他所有的生活開銷。
． Busy as Nelson was, he still managed to squeeze in
sufficient quality time for his family.
儘管 Nelson 很忙碌，他仍然設法為家人擠出充足的優質相
處時光。
． We were very happy that we finally raised sufficient funds
to renovate the church.
我們很高興，終於籌募了足夠的資金以便翻新教堂。

enough adj. 足夠的

insufficient adj. 不足的

18. income ► n. [U, C] 收入；收益

[`ɪnˏkʌm] 課 Anne has several sources of income. She has two part-time
jobs and a small online business.
Anne 有數個收入來源。她有兩份兼職工作，以及一個小規
模的網路生意。
． The residents of this area rely heavily on tourism for
income.
這個地區的居民極度仰賴觀光業來獲得收入。
課 This government housing is available to people on low
incomes.
這個國民住宅可讓低收入的人使用。
． Due to the economic recession, experts predict that average
incomes will decrease by five percent this year.
由於經濟衰退，專家預測，今年人民平均收入將下降百分之
五。

dual-income adj. 雙薪的

． In many dual-income households, working parents have
trouble balancing career and family life.
在許多雙薪家庭中，在職父母難以平衡工作及家庭生活。

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 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

19. financial ► adj. 財務的；金融的

[faɪ`nænʃәl] 課 Ben and his wife ran into financial difficulties when he lost
his job shortly after they purchased a house.
Ben 和他的太太買房子後不久 Ben 失業了，他們便陷入財務
困難。
． The corporation badly needed financial assistance to
weather the financial crisis.
那間公司急需財務援助來度過這場金融危機。

finance ► n. [U] 財務；金融

[`faɪnæns] 課 All company purchases must be approved by the finance
department before they are made.
公司所有的採購都必須經過財務部門同意才能進行。
． The finance committee found the investment decision too
hasty and demanded a proper assessment of the project
again.
財務委員會認為這項投資決定太倉促，並要求再次對該計畫
進行適當評估。

finance vt. 提供資金

． Many start-ups have difficulty finding banks to finance
their proposal, which led to the birth of crowdfunding.
許多新創公司難以找到銀行為其計畫提供資金，這造就了群
眾募資的出現。

20. risk ► n. [U, C] 風險；危險

[rɪsk] 課 People who are exposed to too much sun are at higher risk
of getting skin cancer.
晒太多陽光的人，罹患皮膚癌的風險較高。
． Any investment involves risk; thus, you have to think twice
before you leap.
任何投資都涉及風險；因此，你務必三思而後行。
課 Loneliness, which can cause a number of problems to your
body, can be a risk to your health.
寂寞會引起一些身體問題，所以可能對健康有危險。

41
 ． Amanda knew the risks of failure were quite high, yet as an
adventurer, she still wanted to give it a try.
Amanda 知道失敗的風險相當高，但身為冒險家，她仍然想
嘗試一下。

danger n. [U, C] 危險

run the risk of doing sth. 冒⋯⋯的危險

． Anyone who violates the quarantine rules runs the risk of
being fined heavily.
任何違反隔離規定的人都冒著被罰鉅額罰款的風險。

risky adj. 危險的；有風險的

． Even with enough preparation, it is still extremely risky to
travel in a war zone alone.
即使有充足的準備，獨自在交戰區旅行仍然極度危險。

risk ► vt. 冒⋯⋯的風險

[rɪsk] 課 The firefighter risked his life to save a woman and her
children from the burning building.
這位消防員冒著生命危險將一名婦人和她的孩子們從著火的
建築物裡拯救出來。
． You shouldn’t have risked all your life savings on this
business.
你當初不應該冒險將畢生積蓄全押在這門生意上的。

21. geographical ► adj. 地理（學）的

[ˏdʒiә`græfɪkḷ] 課 On this map, you can see the country’s geographical
features, including mountains, lakes, and rivers.
在這張地圖上，你可以看見這個國家的地理特色，包括山
脈、湖泊與河川。
． Scientific evidence shows that geographical location can
affect our mental health as people tend to feel depressed in
cold and rainy areas.
科學證據顯示地理位置會影響我們的心理健康，因為人們在
寒冷多雨的地區往往會感到沮喪。

42
 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

geography ► n. [U] 地理學

[dʒi`ɑgrәfɪ] 課 During geography class, we had to draw a map of the world
and label as many countries as we could.
在地理課時，我們必須畫一幅世界的地圖，並且盡我們所能
地標出很多國家。
． Physical geography studies the natural features of the earth
while political geography is about countries, international
relations, and localities.
自然地理學研究地球的自然特徵，而政治地理學則是關於國
家、國際關係和特定地區。

geography n. sing. 地形；地勢

． Monga used to be a trading port, and the geography of the
place has played an important role in the district’s rise and
fall.
艋舺曾是一個貿易港口，而這個地方的地形在該區的興衰上
扮演重要的角色。

22. barrier ► n. [C] 隔閡；障礙

[`bærɪɚ] 課 Poverty is often a barrier to higher education since many
people cannot afford to spend their time and money on
college.
貧窮時常是接受高等教育的障礙，因為許多人無法負擔上大
學所花費的時間和金錢。
． Despite some struggles in the beginning, Helen soon
overcame the language barrier and fit in well with the local
people.
儘管開始時有些掙扎，Helen 很快克服了語言隔閡，順利地
融入當地人。
． There is no denying that racial and gender barriers are still
hard to break in today’s society.
不可否認，種族與性別隔閡在當今社會仍難以打破。

► n. [C] 屏障；障礙物
課 Our skin functions as a barrier between the inside of our
bodies and the outside world.
我們的皮膚可作為身體內部與外界之間的屏障。

43
 ． The rancher built a barrier to keep his cattle separate from
his neighbor’s.
那位牧場主人建造了屏障，將他的牛隻和鄰居的分開。

23. indeed ► adv. 的確；確實

[ɪn`did] 課 As Tom suggested, having another employee to help out
will indeed take some pressure off us.
正如 Tom 所提議的，有另一個員工來幫忙的確會減輕我們一
些壓力。
． From the latest sales performance, the product was indeed
very popular among people of all ages.
從最新的銷售業績來看，這項產品確實在各個年齡層都很受
歡迎。

certainly adv. 的確（= truly）

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

【諺】患難見真情。

24. opportunity ► n. [C, U] 機會；時機

[ˏɑpɚ`tjunәtɪ] 課 When Lisa makes a mistake, she always takes it as an
opportunity for growth and learning.
當 Lisa 犯錯時，她總是把它當作一個成長和學習的機會。
． A working holiday offers participants a great opportunity to
gain valuable experience as well as a way to broaden their
horizons.
打工度假提供參與者一個獲得寶貴經驗的好機會，以及一個
拓展他們視野的方式。
． This special tour provides a rare opportunity that every
exchange student should take advantage of.
這個特別之旅提供一個每個交換學生都該利用的難得機會。
課 You will have a lot of opportunity to use English if you
travel in an English-speaking country.
如果你到英語系國家旅遊，你將有很多機會使用英語。
． When opportunity arises, we should grasp it instead of
shying away from it.
當機會出現時，我們應該把握它，而不是迴避它。

44
 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

chance n. [C] 機會

25. severe ► adj. 非常嚴重的

[sә`vɪr] 課 Nancy has a severe leg injury, and it could be months
before she is able to walk again.
Nancy 的腿傷非常嚴重，可能過好幾個月她才能再次走路。
． The damage from the typhoon was so severe that most of
the houses there are beyond repair.
那場颱風造成的損傷太嚴重以致於那裡的大多數房屋無法修復。

serious adj. 嚴重的

► adj. 嚴厲的
課 My parents are never too severe with me. They teach me in
a liberal way.
我的父母從未太嚴厲對待我。他們用開明的方式教導我。
． Terrified by the teacher’s severe expression, the little girl
couldn’t help trembling.
被這位老師的嚴肅表情嚇到，小女孩不禁顫抖。

stern adj. 嚴厲的

severity n. [U] 嚴重
． Those naughty students did not realize the severity of their
practical joke; they were still laughing and pushing each
other.
這些頑皮的學生不了解其惡作劇的嚴重性；他們仍在嘻笑並
互相推擠。

issue 1. Global warming is a key i e facing all human beings. We really

have to take this problem seriously.
hygiene 2. Improvements in both personal and public h e have helped
stop the spread of diseases and illnesses.
flooded 3. Because of the continuous rain, many areas near the river were
f ded, leaving millions of people homeless.

45
 sufficient 4. The budget for our research is far from s t, so we have to find
some private companies to sponsor us.
solar 5. As a sustainable energy source, s r power is both
environmentally friendly and economically beneficial.
productivity 6. The long and bitter strike had a huge impact on the factory’s
p y, which in turn led to a great loss for the company.
intalled 7. In Taiwan, most households have not i led central heating as
the winter here is usually short and not very cold.
appropriate 8. It is not a e for parents to use foul language (粗話), as they
should set an example for their children.
opportunity 9. At the end of the fan meeting, everyone will have the o y to
get a handshake or an autograph from the celebrity.
financial 10. Award-winning films are not always a f l success; that is,
awards do not guarantee a huge box-office hit.
promising 11. Judging from the long line in front of John’s restaurant, it seems that
his new career is very p g.
nutrition 12. Both adequate n n and regular exercise are essential to
maintain good health.
practical 實際的
panel 13. The marriage counselor gives clear, p l advice rather than
empty words.
resistant 14. Since the patient’s infection had become r t to the drug, the
doctor decided to put her on a different medication.
project 15. To p t the smartphone screen onto the computer screen, you
have to make sure the connection is stable.

1. make waves (1) 引起轟動 (2) 挑起事端

本片語意為「引起別人注意，甚至造成風波」。

46
 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

課 The new social app that is widely popular among young people is making waves around
the world.
這個很受年輕人歡迎的新社交應用程式正在世界各地引起轟動。
． This South Korean actress made waves with her role in a Netflix K-drama hit.
這位女演員以她在一齣 Netflix 熱門韓劇中的角色引起轟動。
課 Since this is her first job, Joan tries to focus on her work and doesn’t want to make
waves.
因為這是她的第一份工作，Joan 設法專注於她的工作，不想挑起事端。
． Some politicians tend to make waves to get more media coverage.
有些政客常常為了得到更多媒體報導而挑起事端。

2. at a time ⼀次

本片語為副詞，意為「一次；一個時刻」。
課 When Tony and Angela first started dating, they often talked on the phone for hours at a
time.
Tony 和 Angela 剛開始約會時，他們時常在電話裡一次聊好幾個小時。
． Ms. Adams said she could only listen to one person speaking at a time, so the reporters
took turns asking questions instead of all shouting at once.
Adams 女士說她一次只能聽一個人說話，所以記者們輪流問問題而非全部一起大叫。

3. base...on... 以 為基礎

本片語的主動用法為 base A on B，意為「某人將 A 奠基於 B」。常用被動：A be

based on B，表「A 以 B 為基礎、根據」。
課 This novel is based on a true story that happened during World War II.
這本小說是以一個發生於二次世界大戰的真實故事為基礎。
． The scientists base their conclusion on long-term observations.
科學家們的結論奠基於他們的長期觀察。
． The story is based on the writer’s actual childhood experiences in Europe.
這個故事是以作者在歐洲的真實童年經驗為基礎。

4. at risk (of) 有危險；冒 的風險

at risk of... 是介系詞片語，意為「冒著……的風險」；而 at risk 為副詞，意為「處

於危險中」。

47
課 Many workers are at risk of losing their jobs to robots in the future.
在未來，許多員工有著工作被機器人搶走的風險。
． People who refuse to wear masks in public places are at risk of catching the virus.
在公共場合拒戴口罩的人冒著感染病毒的風險。
． People who refuse to wear masks in public places put their lives at risk.
在公共場合拒戴口罩的人讓自己的生命處於危險之中。

5. rise above 克服（困難、限制）

本片語意為「克服或擺脫困難、厄運、疼痛、危機等」。
課 Despite his difficult childhood, Darren was able to rise above it and create a great life for
himself.
雖然童年困苦，Darren 能加以克服並為自己創造美好的人生。
． Henry managed to rise above the crisis and save his family from going bankrupt.
Henry 設法克服了危機並拯救他的家庭免於破產。

1. Danny 成功克服失去一切的痛苦，最後帶領他的公司邁向成功。
rising
Danny succeeded in rise above the pain of losing everything and
finally led his company to success.
2. 這個國家的經濟主要以農業為基礎。
The economy of this country is mainly based on
agriculture.
3. 在那場戰爭的人冒著失去其生命的危險爭取自由。
People in that war fought for freedom at risk of losing
their lives.
4. 我的記憶力很差，所以一次只告訴我一件事就好。
I have a really bad memory, so tell me just one thing at a
time .
5. 新來的經理改變了存在幾十年的規則，而在公司裡挑起事端。
made
The new manager make waves in the company by changing rules which
had been around for decades.

48
 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

(1) 本句型為假設語氣，描述「與現在事實相反」或「無法達成」的情況。
(2) if 引導的副詞子句，使用過去式動詞；若動詞為 be 動詞，則不論人稱，一律用
were。
(3) 主要子句使用過去式助動詞 would、could、might，再接原形動詞。
． If Linda had time, she would cook dinner for her kids.
如果 Linda 有時間，她就會為孩子們下廚。（表示 Linda 現在沒有時間）
． If Terry were ten years younger, he would pursue his dream of becoming an actor.
如果 Terry 年輕十歲，他就會追逐他成為演員的夢想。（表示 Terry 無法年輕十歲）
． If Tim showed more determination, everyone would help him.
如果 Tim 展現出更多決心，每個人都會幫助他。（表示 Tim 展現的決心不夠）

牛刀小試
（ ）1. If you an early bird, you could see the sunrise every day.
(A) are (B) be (C) was (D) were
2. 要是我們現在有足夠的錢，就可以買大一點的房子。
If we enough money, we buy a bigger house.
3. 如果我是你的老師，我不會在暑假時給你任何作業。

49
 虛主詞 it vs. 虛受詞 it
(1) (+ for/of sb.) + to VR....
It is/was + adj./N
+ that + S + V....
it 為虛主詞，句子中的真主詞為 to VR 或 that 子句，因文字較長，故用 it 替代，
將語意上的真主詞移至句尾。
(2) (+ for sb.) + to VR....
S + V + it + adj./N
+ that + S + V....
it 為虛受詞，句子中的真受詞為 to VR 或 that 子句，因文字較長，故用 it 替代，
將語意上的真受詞移至句尾。虛受詞 it 後的形容詞或名詞為受詞補語，常見動詞
為 feel、find、believe、think、consider、make 等。
． To keep healthy, it is important to have a balanced diet.
為了保持健康，均衡飲食很重要。
． It is impolite of you to ask such a personal question.
你問一個如此私人的問題很不禮貌。
． Lisa feels it annoying to listen to her best friend complain all the time.
Lisa 覺得聽她的摯友一直抱怨很煩人。
． Patrick considers it a great opportunity to become an intern at Google.
Patrick 認為成為 Google 的實習生是個絕佳機會。

牛刀小試
（ ）1. is a waste of time for the whole weekend.
(A) That; to play computer games (B) That; that plays computer games
(C) It; to play computer games (D) It; that plays computer games
2. 颱風天去衝浪是危險的。
is dangerous on a typhoon day.
3. It is Mr. Smith’s responsibility to take good care of his students.
（以 Mr. Smith considers....改寫）

50
 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

指示代名詞：that & those

(1) 在比較兩個同類型的事物時，以 that 代替先前提過的「單數名詞（片語）」，而
those 則代替先前提過的「複數名詞（片語）」。
(2) 在比較兩個同類型的事物時，不可使用另一組指示代名詞 this 以及 these。
． The climate of Taipei is not like that of Kaohsiung.
臺北的氣候不像高雄的氣候。(that = the climate)
． Jason’s fashion sense is better than that of most people of his age.
Jason 的時尚感比大部分同齡者的時尚感要好。(that = fashion sense)
． After a short period of discussion, the teacher wanted us to compare our answers with
those of our classmates.
短暫討論之後，老師要我們比較自己和同學們的答案。(those = answers)

牛刀小試
（ ）1. My views are different from of the committee members.
(A) that (B) what (C) those (D) these
2. 紐約市的生活成本比香港的生活成本高出很多。
The cost of living in New York City is much higher than in Hong Kong.
3. 新加坡（Singapore）的街道比臺灣的街道乾淨。(that/those)

S + V + so that + S + aux. + VR....

(1) so that 為連接詞，後接「表目的」的子句。意為「以便……；為了要……」。
(2) 子句中通常會有一情態助動詞，如 will、can、may、would、could 等。
． Adam studied around the clock so that he could get good grades on the final exams.
Adam 日夜不停地讀書，以便在期末考能得到好成績。
． Sally yelled at the top of her voice so that everyone could hear her.
Sally 扯破喉嚨大叫，以便所有人都能聽得到她。
． We set off before dawn so that we wouldn’t be trapped in the traffic jam.
我們在破曉前出發，以便不會被困在堵塞的車陣中。

51
牛刀小試
（ ）1. I took some books with me I wouldn’t feel bored on the plane.
(A) but also (B) so as to (C) so that (D) therefore
2. Jess 每天早上五點鐘起床，以便能在上班前遛狗。
Jess gets up at five o’clock every morning she can walk her
dog before she goes to work.
3. Albert 規律運動，以便能每天感到精力充沛。

have/has + been + p.p....

本句型為現在完成被動式，使用時機以及搭配詞與現在完成式相同：
(1) 表達已經完成或未完成的動作，搭配 already、just、yet 等。
(2) 表達有過或未有過的經驗，搭配 once、twice、...times、never 等。
(3) 表達從過去一直持續到現在的動作或狀態，常搭配 since、for。
． Supplies have already been given to the earthquake victims by the charity.
生活必需品都已經由慈善機構送到那些地震災民的手中。
． A new satellite has been launched into space to monitor greenhouse gas emissions.
一顆新的人造衛星已經被發射至太空，以監測溫室氣體的排放情形。
． Jack has been nominated as best actor several times.
Jack 已被提名為最佳男演員好幾次。

牛刀小試
（ ）1. Three of the writer’s well-received novels for television.
(A) have been adapted (B) have adapted
(C) were adapting (D) have been adapting
2. 許多著名的歷史遺跡已經在破紀錄的洪水中被摧毀。
Many famous historic sites d in the record flood.
3. 我們已經被告知（inform）比賽的結果。

52
 Lesson ❷ Boat Schools: Making Waves in Education

I. 文法選擇題
（ ）1. If I the chance, I study Japanese. However, I am very
busy these days.
(A) had; will (B) have; would (C) had; can (D) had; could
（ ）2. The boy finds fascinating about the universe.
(A) it; to learn (B) it; learn (C) this; learns (D) that; learning
（ ）3. The population of Korea is much larger than of Taiwan.
(A) it (B) that (C) what (D) those
（ ）4. Vincent works two jobs he can support his family.
(A) in order to (B) for the purpose
(C) whether (D) so that
（ ）5. The hotel to accommodate more tourists in the high season.
(A) have expanded (B) be expanded
(C) been expanded (D) has been expanded

II. 句子合併與改寫
6. I don’t have a car, so I can’t drive you to school. （以假設語氣改寫）

7. Becoming fluent in a foreign language in two months is impossible.（以 It...to....改寫）

8. I have to leave earlier today.（以 so that 連接）

I can pick up my kids at school on time.

53
III. 整句式翻譯
9. 如果 Smith 先生夠高的話，就可以成為一位職業（professional）籃球選手了。

10. Jamie 認為為了財富而犧牲一個人的健康是個錯誤。(S + V + it + N + to VR....)

11. 許多年輕人已經被訓練在這間醫院擔任志工（to volunteer）。

54