Flutter Development
Diploma
Become a Flutter Developer with just one course
Session 2 (OOP)
• OOP pt2 & Null Safety
1. Inheritance
2. Abstraction
3. Polymorphism
4. Optional Parameters
5. Null Safety
Flutter Diploma
Become a Flutter Developer with just one course
01 Inheritance
• Inheritance is a feature or a process in which, new class is
created from the existing class.
• The new class created is called “child class”, “derived
class” or “subclass”.
• The existing class is called “parent class”, “base class” or
“superclass”.
• Child class inherit all properties and methods of the parent
class.
• Dart doesn’t support multiple inheritance.
https://www.javatpoint.com/dart-inheritance
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02 Abstraction
• An abstract class mostly used to offer a base for the
subclass to extends and implement the abstract method.
• Abstract classes cannot be instantiated.
• An abstract method is a method without a body and can’t
be declared within in abstract class.
• Every subclass must override the parent class method by
provides its own implementation.
• We can force the subclass to provide implementation to that
method, so that is the benefit to make method abstract.
• An abstract method is a method without a body and can’t
be declared within in abstract class.
https://www.javatpoint.com/dart-abstract-classes
Method Overriding
• When we declare the same method in the subclass,
which is previously defined in the superclass is known as
the method overriding.
• Method overriding is used to provide the specific
implementation of a method which is already provided
by its superclass.
• Method overriding is used for runtime polymorphism.
https://www.javatpoint.com/dart-method-overriding
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03 Polymorphism
• Polymorphism in is a concept by which we can perform
a single action in different ways.
• We can achieve polymorphism in dart by method overriding.
https://dart-tutorial.com/object-oriented-
programming/polymorphism-in-dart
Flutter Diploma
Become a Flutter Developer with just one course
Flutter Diploma
Become a Flutter Developer with just one course
04 Optional Parameters
➢ Optional Positional Parameters:
• Define by put your nullable
parameters between [].
• All parameters inside [] are optional, which means
they must be nullable.
• When calling a function, you specify each
argument without their name.
• You can omit any arguments.
• Order of argument does matter.
➢ Optional named parameters:
• Define by putting your parameters between curly
brackets {}.
• Named parameters are optional unless they’re
explicitly marked as required.
• When calling a function, you specify argument
with their name using paramName: value.
• You can omit non-required field at the call site.
• Order of argument doesn't matter.
Flutter Diploma
Become a Flutter Developer with just one course
05 Null Safety
• Null safety prevents errors that result from unintentional
access of variables set to null.
• Null safety changes potential runtime errors into edit-
time analysis errors, by flagging when any non-nullable
variable hasn’t been initialized with a non-null value or
is being assigned a null.
• By default, Dart variables aren’t nullable unless you
explicitly specify that they can be null.
• To indicate that a variable might have the value null, just
add ? to its type declaration.
• Use the null assertion operator ! to make Dart treat a
nullable expression as non-nullable if you’re certain it
isn’t null.
• If a non-nullable instance variable can't be initialized
with a default value, set it with a constructor.
• The keyword late can be used to mark variables that
will be initialized later.
• The null-aware operator is ??, which returns the
expression on its left unless that expression’s value is
null. In which case it’s null it returns the expression on its
right.
https://dart.dev/null-safety/understanding-null-safety
https://dart.dev/codelabs/null-safety
