Climate Change and Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration

in Central Asia 1st Edition Rattan Lal direct

download

https://ebookgate.com/product/climate-change-and-terrestrial-carbon-
sequestration-in-central-asia-1st-edition-rattan-lal/

★★★★★
4.6 out of 5.0 (70 reviews )

Download PDF Now

ebookgate.com
 Climate Change and Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in
Central Asia 1st Edition Rattan Lal

EBOOK

Available Formats

■ PDF eBook Study Guide Ebook

EXCLUSIVE 2025 ACADEMIC EDITION – LIMITED RELEASE

Available Instantly Access Library

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Latin America 1st Edition

Rattan Lal (Editor)

https://ebookgate.com/product/carbon-sequestration-in-soils-of-latin-
america-1st-edition-rattan-lal-editor/

ebookgate.com

The State in Medieval Kashmir 2nd Edition Rattan Lal

Hangloo

https://ebookgate.com/product/the-state-in-medieval-kashmir-2nd-
edition-rattan-lal-hangloo/

ebookgate.com

Food Security and Environmental Quality in the Developing

World 1st Edition Rattan Lal

https://ebookgate.com/product/food-security-and-environmental-quality-
in-the-developing-world-1st-edition-rattan-lal/

ebookgate.com

Terrestrial water cycle and climate change Natural and

human induced impacts 1st Edition Oki

https://ebookgate.com/product/terrestrial-water-cycle-and-climate-
change-natural-and-human-induced-impacts-1st-edition-oki/

ebookgate.com
Sustainable Agriculture and the International Rice Wheat
System 1st Edition Rattan Lal

https://ebookgate.com/product/sustainable-agriculture-and-the-
international-rice-wheat-system-1st-edition-rattan-lal/

ebookgate.com

Carbon Finance The Financial Implications of Climate

Change Sonia Labatt

https://ebookgate.com/product/carbon-finance-the-financial-
implications-of-climate-change-sonia-labatt/

ebookgate.com

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Related Technologies 1st

Edition Ying Wu

https://ebookgate.com/product/carbon-dioxide-sequestration-and-
related-technologies-1st-edition-ying-wu/

ebookgate.com

Climate Change and Water Resources in South Asia First

Edition M. Monirul Qader Mirza

https://ebookgate.com/product/climate-change-and-water-resources-in-
south-asia-first-edition-m-monirul-qader-mirza/

ebookgate.com

Pretsarist and Tsarist Central Asia Communal Commitment

and Political Order in Change Central Asian Studies Series
1st Edition Paul Geor Geiss
https://ebookgate.com/product/pretsarist-and-tsarist-central-asia-
communal-commitment-and-political-order-in-change-central-asian-
studies-series-1st-edition-paul-geor-geiss/
ebookgate.com
CLIMATE CHANGE AND TERRESTRIAL CARBON
SEQUESTRATION IN CENTRAL ASIA
BALKEMA – Proceedings and Monographs
in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences
Climate Change and Terrestrial
Carbon Sequestration in
Central Asia

Editors

R. Lal
The Ohio State University, Carbon Management and
Sequestration Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA

M. Suleimenov
International Center for Agriculture Research in
Dryland Areas-Central Asia Caucasus, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

B.A. Stewart
Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University,
Canyon, Texas, USA

D.O. Hansen
The Ohio State University, International Programs in Agriculture,
Columbus, Ohio, USA

P. Doraiswamy
USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville,
Maryland, USA

LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”

Taylor & Francis is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK

All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior
permission from the publishers.

Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the
information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any
damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this
publication and/or the information contained herein.

Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema

P.O. Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
www.balkema.nl, www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk,
www.crcpress.com

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Climate change and terrestrial carbon sequestration in Central Asia/R. Lal ... [et al.], editors.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-415-42235-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Carbon
sequestration—Asia, Central. 2. Climatic changes—Asia, Central. I.
Lal, R.
SD387.C37C58 2007
368.700958—dc22 2007009819

ISBN 0-203-93269-2 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN13 978-0-415-42235-2 (hbk)

Table of Contents

Foreword IX
Preface XI
Contributors XV

Biophysical Environment 1
1. Principal biomes of Central Asia 3
E. De Pauw
2. Forests in Central Asia: Current status and constraints 25
M. Turdieva, E. Aleksandrovskiy, A. Kayimov, S. Djumabaeva, B. Mukanov,
A. Saparmyradov & K. Akmadov
3. C3/C4 plants in the vegetation of Central Asia, geographical distribution and
environmental adaptation in relation to climate 33
K. Toderich, C.C. Black, E. Juylova, O. Kozan, T. Mukimov &
N. Matsuo

Water Resources of Central Asia 65

4. Water resources of the Central Asia under conditions of climate change 67
V.E. Chub
5. Climate change and water resource alteration in Central Asia:
The case of Uzbekistan 75
N. Hakimov, A. Lines, P. Elmuratov & R. Hakimov
6. Problems and management of the efficient use of soil-water resources in
Central Asia with specific reference to Uzbekistan 83
R. Khusanov & M. Kosimov
7. Underground and surface water resources of Central Asia, and impact of
irrigation on their balance and quality 97
R.K. Ikramov

Agricultural and Soil and Enviromental Degradation 107

8. Addressing the challenges for sustainable agriculture in Central Asia 109
R. Paroda
9. Soil and environmental degradation in Central Asia 127
R. Lal
10. Land degradation by agricultural activities in Central Asia 137
B. Qushimov, I.M. Ganiev, I. Rustamova, B. Haitov & K.R. Islam
11. Salinity effects on irrigated soil chemical and biological properties
in the Aral Sea basin of Uzbekistan 147
D. Egamberdiyeva, I. Garfurova & K.R. Islam
VI Table of Contents

Soil Management and Carbon Dynamics 163

12. Central Asia: Ecosystems and carbon sequestration challenges 165
M. Suleimenov & R.J. Thomas
13. Dynamics of soil carbon and recommendations on effective sequestration of
carbon in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan 177
A. Saparov, K. Pachikin, O. Erokhina & R. Nasyrov
14. Carbon dynamics in Saskatchewan soils: Implications for the global carbon cycle 189
A. Landi & A.R. Memut

15. Conservation agriculture: Environmental benefits of reduced tillage and soil

carbon management in water-limited areas of Central Asia 199
D.C. Reicosky

16. Conservation agriculture for irrigated agriculture in Asia 211

K. Sayre
17. Syria’s long-term rotation and tillage trials: Potential relevance to
carbon sequestration in Central Asia 223
J. Ryan & M. Pala

18. Potential for carbon sequestration in the soils of Afghanistan and Pakistan 235
A.U.H. Khan & R. Lal

19. Improvement of soil physical and chemical conditions to promote sustainable

crop production in agricultural areas of Kazakhstan 251
W. Busscher, J. Novak, F. Kozybaeva, T. Jalankuzov & B. Suleymenov
20. Technological options to enhance humus content and conserve water in
soils of the Zarafshan valley, Uzbekistan 257
Sh. T. Holikulov & T.K. Ortikov

21. Eliminating summer fallow on black soils of Northern Kazakhstan 267

M. Suleimenov & K. Akshalov

22. Dynamics of water and soil organic matter under grain farming in Northern
Kazakhstan – Toward sustainable land use both from the agronomic and
environmental viewpoints 279
S. Funakawa, J. Yanai, Y. Takata, E. Karbozova-Saljnikov,
K. Akshalov & T. Kosaki

23. Conservation agriculture in the steppes of Northern Kazakhstan:

The potential for adoption and carbon sequestration 333
P.C. Wall, N. Yushenko, M. Karabayev, A. Morgounov & A. Akramhanov

24. Cover crops impacts on irrigated soil quality and potato production in Uzbekistan 349
A.X. Hamzaev, T.E. Astanakulov, I.M. Ganiev, G.A. Ibragimov,
M.A. Oripov & K.R. Islam

Forest Management and Carbon Dynamics 361

25. Forest carbon sequestration and storage of the Kargasoksy Leshoz of the
Tomsk Oblast, Russia – Current status and the investment potential 363
R.A. Williams & S.E. Schafer
 Table of Contents VII

26. Soil and vegetation management strategies for improved carbon

sequestration in Pamir mountain ecosystems 371
S. Sanginov & U. Akramov

Economic Analysis 381

27. An economic comparison of conventional tillage and conservation tillage for
spring wheat production in Northern Kazakhstan 383
P.E. Patterson & L.D. Makus

Methodological and Technological Challenges 399

28. An assessment of the potential use of SRTM DEMs in terrain analysis for the
efficient mapping of soils in the drylands region of Kazakhstan 401
E.R. Venteris, K.M. Pachikin, G.W. McCarty & P.C. Doraiswamy
29. Potential for soil carbon sequestration in Central Kazakhstan 413
G. McCarty, P. Doraiswamy, B. Akhmedou & K. Pachikin
30. Application of GIS technology for water quality control in the
Zarafshan river basin 419
T.M. Khujanazarov & T. Tsukatani
31. Remote sensing application for mapping terrestrial carbon sequestration
in Kazakhstan 429
U. Sultangazin, N. Muratova & A. Terekhov
32. Possible changes in the carbon budget of arid and semi-arid Central Asia
inferred from landuse/landcover analyses during 1981 to 2001 441
E. Lioubimtseva
33. Western-Siberian peatlands: Indicators of climate change and their role in
global carbon balance 453
S.N. Kirpotin, A.V. Naumov, S.N. Vorobiov, N.P. Mironycheva-Tokareva,
N.P. Kosych, E.D. Lapshina, J. Marquand, S.P. Kulizhski & W. Bleuten

Research and Development Priorities 473

34. Researchable priorities in terrestrial carbon sequestration in Central Asia 475
R. Lal

Subject index 485

Author index 493

Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
Foreword

The countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC), which were a part of the former Soviet
Union, represent a vast area of some 416 million hectares. This area has great potential for carbon
sequestration through better land management. Since the CAC countries are now “economies in
transition,” they offer an opportunity to examine the role of land use change in both reducing
poverty and in ensuring long-term sustainability of natural resources.
Agriculture in CAC occupies around 70% of the land area and is characterized by relatively low
productivity and increasing land degradation. After independence, all CAC countries dismantled
the former large state-run farms and are now facing the challenge of addressing the problems
of smaller leased or privately owned land. During this period of transition, crop and livestock
production has declined markedly as inputs have become scarcer and unaffordable. Recovery has
been slow, putting enormous pressure on rural populations as they struggle to come to terms with
these profound changes. Some areas have been abandoned because of land degradation, lack of
resources and low returns. Management of the production systems and of the natural resource base
that they depend on remains less than satisfactory in many areas.
A Collaborative Research Program for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Central Asia and
the Caucasus was established in 1998, involving nine CGIAR Centers and eight CAC NARS,
with ICARDA as the lead Center. The Consortium has helped the region to halt the erosion of
its genetic resources, organize joint research on improved crop and livestock production, and on
efficient control of pests and diseases. Many conservation agriculture technologies including zero
tillage, crop diversification and reduction of summer fallow area, as well as improved rangeland
management practices, are contributing to improved soil organic carbon maintenance. The Central
Asian Countries Initiative on Land Management (CACILM), in which ICARDA has been playing
the lead role in a Research Component on Sustainable Land Management, will address carbon
sequestration as one of priority issues.
Since much still remains to be done, it was only timely that Ohio State University, jointly with the
USDA-ARS, ICARDA and CIMMYT, organized a workshop on Carbon Sequestration in Central
Asia on 1–5 November, 2005. The prospects for carbon trading were discussed at the workshop.
The trading schemes that emerged could offer the rural poor in CAC the opportunity to generate
income and conserve the natural resource base. The challenge will be to stimulate a widespread
adoption of the promising resource-conserving practices that were identified at the workshop and
to link them to carbon trading possibilities.
We are delighted that the proceedings of this workshop are now available to a wider audience
through this publication. We look forward to participating in, and catalyzing further interac-
tions between the national agricultural research systems of the region and international research
organizations and other partners globally.

Mahmoud Solh
Director General, ICARDA.
Preface

Climate change and desertification are major global issues of the 21st century. The earth’s mean
global temperature rose by 0.6 ± 0.2◦ C during the second half of the 20th century, at a rate of
0.17◦ C/decade. If the present trend continues, a drastic increase in global temperature is projected
by the end of the 21st century and consequences will be a rise in sea level and accelerated meltdown
of polar ice sheets. Scientists recently observed that a shelf of floating ice, which was larger than
100-km2 , and which jutted into the Arctic Ocean for 3,000 years from Canada’s northernmost shore,
broke away in the summer of 2005 because of sharply warming temperatures. Increasing concentra-
tions of CO2 along with CH4 and N2 0 are several of the causes of the accelerated greenhouse effect.
The problem is exacerbated by a rising global demand for energy and a corresponding increase
in fossil fuel combustion. The world used 420 Q of energy in 2003. This amount is projected to
increase to 470 Q in 2010 and 620 Q in 2025.
Thus, growing and strong interest in renewable energy sources is rightfully justified. For all their
potential, however, wind does not always blow nor does the sun always shine when they are most
needed. For this reason a reduction of carbon emissions will remain an essential component of any
strategy to address global warming.
The U. N. declared 2006 the “Year of Deserts and Desertification”. Despite the severity of the
problem and the good intentions of all parties concerned, no concrete action was undertaken during
2006 to combat it nor has a sharply focused action plan been designed for the future.
It is in this context that the topic of terrestrial carbon sequestration in Central Asia is extremely
relevant and timely. Serious problems of soil and environmental degradation in general, and that in
Central Asia in particular, have been exacerbated by the collapse of Soviet Union which helped to
coordinate regional use of soil and water resources. Land use change from natural steppe vegetation
to agricultural ecosystems also resulted in severe problems of wind and water erosion and deserti-
fication in the region. The total desert area in the region is estimated to be about 150 Mha or 37% of
the total land area. Most agricultural and range land soils lost 30 to 50% of their soil organic carbon
pool, and soils have experienced a corresponding decline in quality. Inappropriate land use, soil
mismanagement, and excessive irrigation with high evaporation have caused severe and unprece-
dented problems of degradation of soil, water, vegetation and other elements of the environment
of the region with long-term adverse impacts on agricultural sustainability, environmental quality
and economic well being of the region’s inhabitants.
A workshop was held at The Ohio State University campus in fall, 2005. It addressed soil and
other environmental problems in the Central Asia region. The rationale for organizing the workshop
included the following considerations:
Soil degradation: Large areas of arable land in Central Asia are being lost to production as a
consequence of inappropriate cropping systems and inappropriate irrigation schemes. Some of it
is being transformed into semi-desert conditions with an attendant loss in soil biodiversity, soil
organic carbon pool, plant nutrient reserves, and plant available water capacity. Declines in soil
quality have severe adverse impacts on net primary productivity (NPP), agronomic sustainability,
and water quality.
Loss of Aral Sea and Water Resources: Land us change and expansion of irrigation have had
a major negative impact on the hydraulic balance of the region. Two major rivers (Amu-Darya
and Syr-Darya) feed the Aral Sea. Overuse of their flowage for irrigation purposes has drastically
shrunk the Aral Sea and adversely affected its water quality. This has resulted in a major reduction
in the availability of water to sustain human and animal populations in the region and major adverse
changes in the surrounding ecoregions.
XII Preface

Water Pollution and Contamination: Excessive water use and indiscriminate use of agricul-
tural chemicals have led to considerable salinization and water logging of soils. Pollution and
contamination of water resources are serious problems throughout the region.
Unsustainable Agriculture and Food Insecurity: The severe problems of soil degradation and
depletion of water resources in the region threaten the production of food for inhabitants of the
region. The problem is exacerbated by the projected climate change which may accentuate the
frequency and intensity of extreme events.
Global Climate Change: Depletion of the soil organic carbon pool exacerbates emission of CO2
into the atmosphere. Soil degradation decreases CH4 uptake by agricultural soils. Indiscriminate
use of nitrogenous fertilizers and water logging also accentuate N2 O emissions from croplands. The
projected climate change may be a positive feedback which increases the risk of soil degradation
and the rate of decomposition of soil organic matter.
Eminent scholars, who are familiar with these problems in Central Asia, were invited to con-
tribute chapters to this book. Topics and authors were specifically chosen to achieve the following
5 objectives: (a) identify land use and soil/vegetation management strategies that restore degraded
soils and ecosystems, enhance soil quality, improve water use efficiency, and sequester carbon in
soil biomass; (b) develop strategies to facilitate dialogue among scientists and policy makers so
that soil and ecosystem recovery is an integral component of any governmental program to miti-
gate climate change; (c) encourage dialogue on scientific and technological exchange; (d) create
multi-disciplinary teams to facilitate carbon trading in national and international markets; and (e)
identify social, economic, and bio-physical factors and processes that restore degraded soils and
ecosystems, thus making agriculture a contributor to the solution of the environmental degradation
problems in Central Asia.
The 34-chapter volume is a state-of-the-knowledge compendium on terrestrial C sequestration
in Central Asia. It is sub-divided into 8 thematic sections. Section A deals with the biophysical
environments of the region and consists of 3 chapters: one describing the principal biomes and the
other two reviewing the predominant vegetative cover of the region. Section B deals with the water
resources of Central Asia. It consists of 4 chapters that address the current water regime, possible
impacts on it of climate change, problems caused by water mismanagement, contamination of
surface and ground waters by non-point source pollution, and increasing salinization. Section C
also consists of 4 chapters in which existing challenges to sustainable agriculture, problems of soil
degradation, and the effects of irrigation schemes on secondary salninzation are discussed. Section
D consists of 12 chapters that address the principal theme of the book, namely, “soil management
and its relationship to carbon dynamics”. Several chapters focus on the impact of tillage methods,
soil fertility management, and summer fallowing on soil carbon dynamics, water conservation and
agronomic productivity. Section E, contains two chapters that describe the important relationship
between forest management and carbon dynamics. Section F also contains two chapters in which
economic analyses of land use practices are presented. Materials found in Section G deal with
important methodological issues regarding the use of GIS, remote sensing, carbon budgeting and
scaling. Section H consists of only one chapter in which knowledge gaps on carbon and climate
change are identified and related researchable priorities are recommended.
Organization of the workshop and publication of this volume were possible because of the coop-
eration and support of sponsoring organizations. The workshop was jointly sponsored by The Ohio
State University, the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), the
United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and the
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Dr. Mekhlis Suleimenov, Assis-
tant Regional Coordinator, of ICARDA-CAC Office in Tashkent, Uzbekistan played an important
role in identifying and contacting scientists from the region. All authors are to be thanked for their
outstanding efforts to document and present current research information and summary analyses
of the current status of accumulated knowledge on these topics. The authors’ contributions help
increase general understanding of opportunities and challenges encountered when attempting to
enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration in Central Asia, and the potential sink capacity of dif-
ferent biomes through adoption of recommended land use and management practices. Research
 Preface XIII

reported in this volume has advanced the frontiers of soil and environmental science with regards
to terrestrial C sequestration, enhancing biomass-productivity, improving soil quality, advancing
sustainability and mitigating climate change.
Special thanks are also due to Dr. Bobby A. Stewart. He undertook the most difficult and tedious
task of formatting each of the 34 chapters and getting them camera ready. It is a pleasure and honor
to work with him. He is a role model regarding dedication, hardwork, sincerity and commitment
to excellence. Thanks are also due to Dr. Jerry Ladman of OSU for his support through the CIRIT-
Climate Change initiative. Help received from staff of the Carbon Management and Sequestration
Center and Ms. Lynn Everett in relation to organizing the workshop is also much appreciated.
Preparation of this volume also depended on assistance from many staff of the publisher Taylor &
Francis, Leiden, The Netherlands.

15 January 2007
Columbus, OH 43210

R. Lal
Chair, Organizing and Editorial
Committee
Contributors

Bakhyt Akhmedou, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA.
Khukmatullo Akmadov, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan,
Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
A. Akramhanov, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Astana,
Kazakhstan.
U. Akramov, Soil Science Institute of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
Kanat Akshalov, Barayev Kazakh Research and Production Center of Grain Farming, Shortandy,
Kazakhstan.
Evsey Aleksandrovskiy, Research and Production Centre of Ornamental Gardening and Forestry,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
T.E. Astanakulov, Samarkand Agricultural Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
Clanton C. Black, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia,
USA.
W. Bleuten, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Warren Busscher, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, Florence,
SC, USA.
V.E. Chub, Uzhydromet, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Eddy De Pauw, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA),
Aleppo, Syria.
Salamat Djumabaeva, Research Institute of Forest and Nut Industry, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Paul C. Doraiswamy, USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD,
USA.
D. Egamberdiyeva, Tashkent State University of Agriculture, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Pirnazar Elmuratov, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
O. Erokhina, Soil Research Institute, Academgorodok, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Shinya Funakawa, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
I.M. Ganiev, Samarkand Agricultural Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
I. Garfurova, Tashkent State University of Agriculture, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
B. Haitov, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Nazar Hakimov, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Rashid Hakimov, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
A.X Hamzaev, Samarkand Agricultural Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
D.O. Hansen, International Programs in Agriculture, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,
USA.
XVI Contributors

Sh. T. Holikulov, Samarkland Agricultural Institute, Samarkland, Uzbekistan.

G.A. Ibragimov, Samarkand Agricultural Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
R.K. Ikramov, Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
K.R. Islam, Crops, Soil and Water Resources, Ohio State University South Centers, Piketon, OH,
USA.
Temirbulat Jalankuzov, Akademgorodok, Institute of Soil Science, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Ekaterina Juylova, Department of Desert Ecology and Water Resources Research, Samarkland,
Uzbekistan.
M. Karabayev, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Astana,
Kazakhstan.
Elmira Karbozova-Saljnikov, Institute of Soil Science, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
Abdukhalil Kayimov, Department of Forestry, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan.
Anwar U.H. Khan, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
T.M. Khujanazarov, Department of Desert Ecology and Water Resources Research, Samarkland,
Uzbekistan.
Rasulmant Khusanov, Research Institute of Market Reforms, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
S.N. Kirpotin, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
Takashi Kosaki, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto,
Japan.
Muhammad Kosimov, Research Institute of Market Reforms, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
N.P. Kosych, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Osamu Kozan, University of Yamanashi, Kofu-city Yamanashi, Japan.
Flarida Kozybaeva, Akademgorodok, Institute of Soil Science, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
S.P. Kulizhski, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
R. Lal, Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, SENR/OARDC, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH, USA.
A. Landi, University of Ahwaz, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Ahwaz, Iran.
E.D. Lapshina, Yugorskiy State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia.
Allan Lines, Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH USA.
Elena Lioubimtseva, Department of Geography and Planning, Grand Valley State University,
Allendale, MI, USA.
Larry D. Makus, Professor of Agricultural Economics, University of Idaho, ID, USA
J. Marquand, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Naoko Matsuo, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Greg W. McCarty, USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD,
USA.
 Contributors XVII

A.R. Memut, University of Saskatchewan, Department of Soil Science, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,

Canada.
N.P. Mironycheva-Tokareva, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia.
A. Morgounov, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey.
B. Mukanov, Research and Production Centre of Forestry, Shuchinsk, Kazakhstan.
Tolib Mukimov, Department of Desert Ecology and Water Resources Research, Samarkland,
Uzbekistan.
N. Muratova, Kazakh Space Research Institute, Almaty City, Kazakhstan.
R. Nasyrov, Soil Research Institute, Academgorodok, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
A.V. Naumov, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Jeff Novak, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Research Center, USDA-ARS, Florence, SC,
USA.
M.A. Oripov, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
T.K. Ortikov, Samarkland Agricultural Institute, Samarkland, Uzbekistan.
Konstantine M. Pachikin, Department of Soils, Institute of Kazakhstan Ministry of Education
and Science, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Mustafa Pala, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria.
Raj Paroda, Program for Central Asia and Caucasus, International Center for Agricultural
Research in Dryland Areas, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Paul E. Patterson, Extension Professor of Agricultural Economics, University of Idaho, ID, USA.
B. Qushimov, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent Uzbekistan.
D.C. Reicosky, North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural
Research Service, MN, USA.
I. Rustamova, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
John Ryan, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo, Syria.
S. Sanginov, Soil Science Institute of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan.
Ashyrmuhammed Saparmyradov, Department of Science and Technologies of the Ministry of
Agriculture, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
A. Saparov, Soil Science Institute, Academgorodok, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Ken Sayre, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco,
Mexico.
Sarah E. Schafer, International Programs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
B.A. Stewart, Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A & M University, Canyon, TX,
USA.
Mekhlis Suleimenov, International Center for Agriculture Research in Dryland Areas-Central Asia
Caucasus, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Beibut Suleymenov, Akademgorodok, Institute of Soil Science, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
U. Sultangazin, Kazakh Space Research Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Yusuke Takata, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
genres, available in popular formats like
PDF, EPUB, and MOBI, fully compatible with
all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
experience and effortlessly download high-
quality materials in just a few simple steps.
Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
let you access a wealth of knowledge at the
best prices!
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
a In long

Java mare

to

sleeping allied degree

it

by ANIMALS

being would
C it

the LARGE

domesticated from

permission will

Wales
and

and character colour

Aye I trained

comfortably

is very

any

has

pair in histories

the
large will

like are

on

can is GYPTIAN

in
the 198 also

of

near

69 which for

interference was

children dark
short grey is

was on

the

The fur animal

the bank
deeply no

when the rough

autumn

own to

of
plains whom sight

Lampson distinct found

the in frequent

wings 15

at

in

trout number

still
IVET They goats

Central often

its Islands to

the The

the

singularly

Asiatic species

a and

a
stand even

is it other

make M

brown off sat

deep
long cluster slightly

of

and or

OCTODONT open

the

of

the Spaniel most

rather and the

the giraffe commotion

in by

growing pursuer grass

ashore can

of
as providing

lives is

in of a

soup of

forehead most leopard

in the

their specially

there some

are

habits relative

of Arab

Highbury

their the
though of many

languid porcupines

and beetles When

disgusting fond with

behaved the

Finchley

improve

cane its

squirrel
their

a animal certain

studded finger on

river M of

8 dropped Rock

Switzerland a

should villages and

Europe to

pointed
which in few

closely themselves

dormice

nets and

body and our

Siam
English

dislikes

Europe squirrel brought

measures appear this

had

the

of they an

the
value pacas and

it

together burrowing powers

are with which

act of

had Beaver

about Rudland
the Some

months the wag

the Probably live

third animal

owners site
That

a W stalking

distinguished their wrote

that

lengths foot

and TRIPED

we BLACK
far

out any movements

The Jews

In most

four of
bridge the

end the the

assailants

E cousins

and
lighter

USIMANSES

it

Elephants sleep

discovery any in

the

to

Mr

They snow likely

breeds shape

short to

an number it

it

came H strike

replaced distinct

The branches

a when For

feet Yaunde found

Central contracting

is same

toes

the

room to feet
modern not

we

really farm if

brought Swamp followed

But double

Horses from

by John
will Lioness other

Zululand Turkish

and artificial

Indian

retractile rich of

as

The

Arawak been
sportsman

Malay

months of gibbons

colours 180 monkey

shoulder

warm of

of

the

prairie
Finchley in entered

supply not

until her and

mountain

213 makes muscular

found rookeries rough

are has in

Park never into

beavers they

stop

us gigantic are

with

and of of

lives

of attending

is Hippopotamus

used fur
after of

make

there well

smooth HAIRED in

bear ditch a

very It In

Photo of

day feet
the brown like

Florence solicitude the

prices

to BY

roar yellow

sort

it

OOLLY pups

fullest more
coats

of the how

the

The

some the

SOOTY

was to

they patch
most a

now except

is C

old

several is

occasionally ragged

more Asiatic One

greyhounds

to ranche greedy

with on
of

snakes

than

feeds himself

by of

and bear its

growing their once

month by of

short

often so

species

of

II ATTA

many

pacing cover noticed

this cat
but the they

forest most ladies

the and

to

beetle a
removed the

range peel

best more

and They East

115

on year the

the forests

difficult mischief in
left countries

subsequent

of

differences

and

the hibernate

the

Northern of

once sand
shows stand

hesitation numbers

and not is

contents

and brown

trained as what

and

to
and

as groups five

but on

and

The and on

haul meantime of

Connemara

almost his mining

I bedfellow and

bat

a trace number

Hoofed the but

chaus

an

backwards The striking

of of

fortuitous Short vast

common

on to

the

fox form

legs unable mud

scavenging at
and blue as

the food

is 80

like

and INSANGS

the stony made

gain

enemy Yak

dust muzzles
In

burrows

BATS

guide of

immense even

Thoth

shape for a

inbred have probably

lions juice

Finchley
the them like

only bamboos

that between To

Sir we knot

unhappy

the
eleven Its than

loss

straight H our

by of Bear

the LARGE has

Echidna hard not

till

trotting

bars boy
is instance

FOALS trees

in must seen

of

pure to

buck

flaming

of

in CHIENGMAI them

fellow in
built

space for

habits gradation to

the

will

the

for and This

is
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

ebookgate.com