PYTHON LISTS
What is a List?
A list is an ordered, mutable (changeable), and indexable collection
of items.
It can contain different data types — strings, numbers, booleans, or
even other lists.
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
numbers = [5, 2, 2,”apple”, 4, 5]
List Characteristics:
Feature Description
Ordered Items maintain the insertion order
Mutable You can change, add, remove items
Heterogeneous Can store different data types
Indexable Access items using index (starting at 0)
Accessing Elements
colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]
print(colors[1:3]) # Output: blue
print(colors[-1]) # Output: green
Modifying Lists
Operation Code Example Purpose
Modify Item colors[1] = "yellow" Change value at
index
Add Item (End) colors.append("purple") Add to end of list
Add Item colors.insert(1, "black") Insert at specific
(Position) index
Remove by Value colors.remove("red") Remove specific
item
Remove by Index del colors[0] Delete item by index
Remove Last colors.pop() Removes last item
Item
Loop Through for item in colors: Traverse all items
List print(item)
Check Item Exists if "red" in colors: Check if item is in
list
Useful List Functions
Method Description Example
append() Add item to end of list fruits.append("orange")
insert() Insert item at specific fruits.insert(1, "kiwi")
position
remove() Remove item by value fruits.remove("banana")
pop() Remove last item fruits.pop()
sort() Sort the list numbers.sort(reverse=”true”)
reverse() Reverse the list numbers.reverse()
len() Returns the number of len(fruits)
items
count() Count how many times an fruits.count("apple")
item appears
extend() Add elements of another fruits.extend(["grape",
list "pear"])
Real-World Examples
Store student marks
marks = [85, 78, 92, 88]
average = sum(marks) / len(marks)
print("Average:", average)
