Introduction

In a global perspective, the role of education is inevitable in producing new generation that enable in solving the
real problems in our society. This makes education as the science that is directed in building skills, knowledge and
most importantly values among students. Obviously, education has a very important role in transmitting and fostering
values that determines the formation of responsible citizens in the future.
With so many existing global issues and challenges that the world is facing, Bakhtiari (2018) stressed that
education is the foundation and essential driving force of economic, social, and human development. For this
reason, there is a growing importance on shaping pupils not only in terms of their academic developments but as
well on their social developments that is needed for them to be sensitive enough in facing different issues and
challenges of their generations.
It has been noted that reading helps all students develop positive thinking. Reading is important because it
develops the mind and gives the excessive knowledge and lessons of life. It helps students understand the world
around them better. It keeps their mind active and enhances their creative ability. It has been noted by Dane, O.
(2018) that reading has at all times and in all ages been a source of knowledge, of happiness, of pleasure and even
moral courage. In today's world with so much more to know and to learn and also the need for a conscious effort to
conquer the divisive forces, the importance of reading has increased. In the olden days if reading was not cultivated
or encouraged, there was a substitute for it in the religious sermon and in the oral tradition. The practice of telling
stories at bedtime compensated to some extent for the lack of reading.
Reading has been occupying a very significant role in the language program of the school. The main purpose of
the reading is to give practice to the pupils on how they perform reading inside and outside the classroom or if they
know how to read with correct pronunciation, stress, unstressed word of if they can read a text that have punctuation
marks. It has been noted that listening, speaking, reading and writing are the basic language at school, courses or
other educational places which are formal or informal but reading is considered the most Reading has been also
considered as an instrument by which pupils acquired knowledge of other subject areas, a way of developing critical
thinking, something that inspire and means of expressing the thoughts and feelings of men. The assumption that it is
exclusively the job of the Elementary School to teach pupils “how to read" is fallacious as the idea has worked out
rather poorly in performance.
In addition, reading is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression. Reading is
important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. Skilled readers are those who
actively and automatically construct meaning as they read, they are self- motivated and self-directed, they monitor
their own comprehension by questioning, reviewing, revising, and rereading to enhance their overall
comprehension. One other skill that is crucial to being a skilled reader and comprehending text is the fluency with
which a pupils reads. Reading performance is a very important aspect of helping a pupils comprehend what they are
reading. If a pupils is using all of the short term memory decoding words and sentence structure, there is very little
left to work on the process for gaining meaning from the text. The most common strategies used to improve reading
are: adding vocabulary to the students’ long-term memory, activating background knowledge, modeling, and having
the pupil read.
Another important outcome of the PISA 2018 data analysis showed that more than a third of students (37%) who
spent only three years in early childhood programs attained at least Level 2 proficiency in reading. Reading was the
main subject assessed in PISA 2018, so it provides a benchmark against measuring the learning attained across
Elementary and Junior High School (JHS) levels. The impact of students repeating a grade during elementary or
secondary level on their reading performance was discussed in our previous article titled “Transition Issues Between
Learning Stages in the Philippines.”Among 79 participating countries and economies, the Philippines scored the
lowest in reading comprehension in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), according to
the results released Tuesday. Among 79 participating countries and economies, the Philippines scored the lowest in
reading comprehension in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
As observed at Bural Integrated School, many pupils get bored in the classrooms. Some of them, even refuse to
go to school. Most of them are highly intellectual, yet they feel boredom and monotony in the class due to same
usual teaching and strategy patterns of the teachers. These pupils sometimes produce alarmingly poor results in the
local and national achievement tests. Such scenario could be attributed to old school approaches that guarantee
learning models that are practical, relevant and useful for their lives. With technology becoming their “flesh and
blood” and living in the era which allow them to question on things while empowered to be partly responsible for
their learning, innovative pedagogical approaches and intervention must be incorporated in teaching and learning,
assessment and supervision.
This made the researcher investigate the effectiveness of “Claveria Technique Strategy” in Enhancing the
Reading Performance of Grade 1 Pupils of Bural Integrated School. The result of this study will help the
researchers find ways and means to improve the reading performance of pupils which could lead to a competitive
result will serve as a basis for reading
programs.