RCS-931

Line Differential Relay

Instruction Manual

NR Electric Co., Ltd.

 RCS-931 Line Differential Relay

Preface

Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.

Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured

goods and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that
printed information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.

Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.

This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.

Health and Safety

The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.

When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.

Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.

Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.

Qualified personnel are individuals who:

 Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;

 Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;

 Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;

 Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).

Instructions and Warnings

The following indicators and standard definitions are used:

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DANGER!

It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.

WARNING!

It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.

CAUTION!

It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.

WARNING!

The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.

WARNING!

During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.

Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.

In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.

DANGER!

Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.

WARNING!

 Exposed terminals

Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous

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 Residual voltage

Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.

CAUTION!

 Earth

The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed

 Operating environment

The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.

 Ratings

Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.

 Printed circuit board

Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.

 External circuit

When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.

 Connection cable

Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.

Copyright

Version: R1.01 NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

69 Suyuan Avenue. Jiangning, Nanjing 211102, China

P/N: EN_XLBH0105.0086.0002 Tel: +86-25-87178185, Fax: +86-25-87178208

Website: www.nrelect.com, www.nari-relays.com

Copyright © NR 2011. All rights reserved Email: [email protected]

We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.

The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.

We reserve the rights to make technical improvements without notice.

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Table of Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... i

Introduction ........................................................................................................................ i

Health and Safety ............................................................................................................... i

Instructions and Warnings ................................................................................................ i

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... iv

Chapter 1 Introduction............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Application .................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Function ....................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Features ....................................................................................................................... 3

Chapter 2 Technical Data ........................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Electrical Specifications ............................................................................................. 5

2.1.1 Analog Input ...................................................................................................... 5

2.1.2 Power Supply .................................................................................................... 5

2.1.3 Binary Input ....................................................................................................... 6

2.1.4 Binary Output .................................................................................................... 6

2.1.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler .......................................................... 6

2.2 Mechanical Specifications ......................................................................................... 6

2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range .............................................................. 7

2.4 Rear Communication Port .......................................................................................... 7

2.4.1 Communication Port for RTU/SCADA ............................................................. 7

2.4.2 Communication Port with Auxiliary Software ................................................ 8

2.4.3 Communication Port for Print.......................................................................... 8

2.4.4 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization .................................................................. 8

2.5 Type Tests .................................................................................................................... 9

2.5.1 Environmental Tests ......................................................................................... 9

2.5.2 Mechanical Tests .............................................................................................. 9

2.5.3 Electrical Tests .................................................................................................. 9

2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility ........................................................................ 9

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2.6 Certifications ............................................................................................................. 10

2.7 Protective Functions ................................................................................................ 10

2.7.1 Optical Fibre Interface .................................................................................... 10

2.7.2 Fault Detector.................................................................................................. 11

2.7.3 DPFC Distance Protection ............................................................................. 11

2.7.4 Distance Protection ........................................................................................ 11

2.7.5 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection ........................................................ 11

2.7.6 Transient Overreach ....................................................................................... 11

2.7.7 Fault Location ................................................................................................. 11

2.7.8 Auto-reclosing................................................................................................. 11

Chapter 3 Protection Description ......................................................................................... 13

3.1 General Fault Detector Element (GFD).................................................................... 13

3.1.1 DPFC Overcurrent Fault Detector Element................................................... 13

3.1.2 Zer-sequence Overcurrent Fault Detector Element ..................................... 14

3.1.3 Circuit Breaker Pole Discrepancy Fault Detector Element ......................... 14

3.1.4 Auxiliary Voltage Fault Detector Element ..................................................... 14

3.1.5 Transfer Trip Fault Detector Element ............................................................ 14

3.2 Protective Fault Detector Element (PFD) ................................................................ 15

3.3 DPFC Distance Protection........................................................................................ 15

3.4 Current Differential Protection................................................................................. 16

3.4.1 DPFC Current Differential Element ............................................................... 17

3.4.2 Phase Current Differential Element ............................................................... 18

3.4.3 Zero-sequence Current Differential Element ................................................ 18

3.4.4 Capacitance Current Compensation ............................................................. 19

3.4.5 CT Supervision ............................................................................................... 20

3.4.6 CT Saturation .................................................................................................. 20

3.4.7 Synchronism Sampling .................................................................................. 20

3.4.8 Communication Channel Interface ................................................................ 21

3.4.9 Communication Clock .................................................................................... 22

3.4.10 Optical Fibre Interface .................................................................................. 23

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3.4.11 Scheme Logic................................................................................................ 25

3.5 Distance Protection .................................................................................................. 26

3.5.1 Distance Element with Memorized Polarization ........................................... 27

3.5.2 Phase-to-ground Distance Element .............................................................. 29

3.5.3 Phase-to-phase Distance Element ................................................................ 30

3.5.4 Blinder Scheme............................................................................................... 31

3.5.5 Power Swing Blocking Releasing (PSBR) .................................................... 32

3.5.6 Scheme Logic ................................................................................................. 33

3.6 Overcurrent Protection............................................................................................. 34

3.6.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 34

3.6.2 Scheme Logic ................................................................................................. 35

3.7 Switch Onto Fault Protection ................................................................................... 36

3.7.1 Zero-sequence SOTF Protection ................................................................... 37

3.7.2 Distance SOTF Protection .............................................................................. 38

3.8 Fault Phase Selection (FPS) .................................................................................... 38

3.8.1 FPS Based on Differential Current ................................................................ 38

3.8.2 FPS Based on Deviation of Operation Voltage ............................................. 39

3.8.3 FPS Based on Phase Difference between I0 and I2A..................................... 39

3.9 Pole Disagreement (PD) ........................................................................................... 40

3.9.1 PD State by Single-phase Trip ....................................................................... 40

3.9.2 PD State by Three-phase Trip ........................................................................ 40

3.10 Trip Scheme ............................................................................................................ 41

3.10.1 Intiate Relay Logic ........................................................................................ 41

3.10.2 Phase-selective Trip Logic ........................................................................... 42

3.10.3 Three-phase Trip Logic ................................................................................ 43

3.10.4 Block AR Logic ............................................................................................. 44

3.11 Auto-Reclosing ........................................................................................................ 45

3.11.1 General Description ...................................................................................... 45

3.11.2 Design ............................................................................................................ 45

3.11.3 Get Ready ...................................................................................................... 45

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3.11.4 Initiating ......................................................................................................... 46

3.11.5 Check Reclosing Conditions ....................................................................... 47

3.11.6 Reclosing Time Delay ................................................................................... 47

3.11.7 Dwell Time ..................................................................................................... 47

3.11.8 Lockout .......................................................................................................... 47

3.11.9 Scheme Logic................................................................................................ 49

3.12 Transfer Trip And Transfer Signal ......................................................................... 50

3.12.1 Transfer Trip .................................................................................................. 50

3.12.2 Transfer Signal .............................................................................................. 50

Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision......................................................................................... 53

4.1 General Description .................................................................................................. 53

4.2 Understand the Alarms ............................................................................................. 53

4.3 Relay Self-supervision ............................................................................................. 54

4.3.1 Relay Hardware Check ................................................................................... 54

4.3.2 DC Supply Check ............................................................................................ 54

4.3.3 Fault Detector Check ...................................................................................... 54

4.3.4 Trip Output Circuit Check .............................................................................. 55

4.3.5 Setting Check .................................................................................................. 55

4.3.6 Binary Input Check ......................................................................................... 55

4.4 AC Input Monitoring.................................................................................................. 55

4.4.1 Voltage and Current Drift Monitoring and Auto-adjustion ........................... 55

4.4.2 DSP Sampling Monitoring .............................................................................. 55

4.4.3 CPU Sampling Monitoring.............................................................................. 55

4.5 Secondary Circuit Monitoring .................................................................................. 55

4.5.1 Opto-coupler Power Monitoring .................................................................... 55

4.5.2 Circuit Breaker Monitoring............................................................................. 56

4.5.3 Bus VT Circuit Supervision............................................................................ 56

4.5.4 Line VT Circuit Supervision ........................................................................... 56

4.5.5 CT Circuit Supervision ................................................................................... 57

4.6 Communication Channel Supervision .................................................................... 57

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4.7 Differential Protection Check ................................................................................... 58

Chapter 5 Metering and Recording ...................................................................................... 59

5.1 Metering ..................................................................................................................... 59

5.2 Recording .................................................................................................................. 60

5.2.1 General Description ........................................................................................ 60

5.2.2 Event Recorder ............................................................................................... 60

5.2.3 Disturbance Recorder .................................................................................... 61

Chapter 6 Hardware Description .......................................................................................... 63

6.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 63

6.2 Plug-in Modules ........................................................................................................ 64

6.2.1 DC Power Supply Module (Slot 1 PWR) ........................................................ 64

6.2.2 AC Input Module (Slot 2 AI) ............................................................................ 64

6.2.3 Low-pass Filter Module (Slot 3 LPF) ............................................................. 65

6.2.4 CPU Module (Slot 4 CPU) ............................................................................... 65

6.2.5 Communication Interface Module (Slot 5 COM) ........................................... 66

6.2.6 Opto-coupler Module (Slot 6 BI) .................................................................... 68

6.2.7 Opto-coupler Module (Slot 7 BI) .................................................................... 73

6.2.8 Signal Relay Module (Slot 8 SIG)................................................................... 73

6.2.9 Output Relay Module (Slot 9 BO) .................................................................. 73

6.2.10 Output Relay Module (Slot A BO) ................................................................ 75

6.2.11 Output Relay Module (Slot B BO) ................................................................ 76

Chapter 7 Settings ................................................................................................................. 77

7.1 Equipment Setup ...................................................................................................... 77

7.2 Protection Settings ................................................................................................... 79

7.3 Logic Settings ........................................................................................................... 85

7.4 VEBI Settings ............................................................................................................ 89

7.5 IP Address ................................................................................................................. 90

Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface Operation .................................................................. 91

8.1 Human Machine Interface Overview........................................................................ 91

8.1.1 Design .............................................................................................................. 91

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8.1.2 Navigator Keypad ........................................................................................... 92

8.1.3 LED Indicator .................................................................................................. 93

8.1.4 Communication Port ...................................................................................... 94

8.2 Understand The HMI Menu Tree .............................................................................. 94

8.2.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 94

8.2.2 VALUES ............................................................................................................ 95

8.2.3 REPORT ........................................................................................................... 97

8.2.4 PRINT ............................................................................................................... 97

8.2.5 SETTINGS ........................................................................................................ 97

8.2.6 CLOCK ............................................................................................................. 98

8.2.7 VERSION.......................................................................................................... 98

8.3 Understand the LCD Display.................................................................................... 98

8.3.1 Normal Display................................................................................................ 98

8.3.2 Display Tripping Report ................................................................................. 99

8.3.3 Display Self-supervision Report.................................................................. 100

8.3.4 Display Binary Input Report......................................................................... 101

8.3.5 Display Miscellaneous Report ..................................................................... 102

8.3.6 View Settings ................................................................................................ 103

8.3.7 View Records ................................................................................................ 104

8.3.8 Print Reports and Waveform ........................................................................ 105

8.4 Input Operation Through Keypad .......................................................................... 106

8.4.1 Modify Settings ............................................................................................. 106

8.4.2 Copy Settings................................................................................................ 106

8.4.3 Switch Active Setting Group ........................................................................ 107

8.4.4 Delete Records.............................................................................................. 107

8.4.5 Adjust Clock .................................................................................................. 108

8.4.6 Check Version ............................................................................................... 108

Chapter 9 Communications ................................................................................................. 111

9.1 General Description ................................................................................................. 111

9.2 Rear Communication Port Information .................................................................. 111

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9.2.1 RS-485 Interface............................................................................................. 111

9.2.2 Ethernet Interface ......................................................................................... 113

9.2.3 IEC60870-5-103 Communication ................................................................. 114

9.3 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port ............................................................ 114

9.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer .......................................................... 114

9.3.2 Initialization ................................................................................................... 114

9.3.3 Time Synchronization................................................................................... 115

9.3.4 Spontaneous Events..................................................................................... 115

9.3.5 General Interrogation ................................................................................... 117

9.3.6 Generic Service............................................................................................. 117

9.3.7 Disturbance Records .................................................................................... 117

9.4 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet................................................................ 118

9.5 Messages Description For IEC61850 Protocol ..................................................... 118

9.5.1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 118

9.5.2 Communication profiles ............................................................................... 119

9.5.3 Server data organization .............................................................................. 120

9.5.4 Server features and configuration .............................................................. 122

9.5.5 ACSI conformance ........................................................................................ 124

9.5.6 Logical nodes................................................................................................ 128

Chapter 10 Installation And Commissioning ..................................................................... 131

10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 131

10.2 Safety Information ................................................................................................ 131

10.3 Overview ................................................................................................................ 133

10.4 Unpacking and Checking The Protection Equipment ........................................ 133

10.5 Installing the Protection Equipment .................................................................... 134

10.5.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 134

10.5.2 Dimensions ................................................................................................. 135

10.5.3 Grounding Guidelines ................................................................................ 135

10.5.4 Cubicle Grounding ..................................................................................... 136

10.5.5 Ground Connection of Device ................................................................... 137

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10.5.6 Grounding Strips and Installation ............................................................. 137

10.5.7 Making Electrical Connections .................................................................. 137

10.5.8 Typical Wiring ............................................................................................. 139

10.6 Check the External Circuit ................................................................................... 141

10.7 Energizing the Protection Equipment ................................................................. 142

10.8 Setting the Protection Equipment ....................................................................... 142

10.9 Establishing Connection And Verifying Communication .................................. 142

10.10 Verifying Settings by Secondary Injection ....................................................... 143

10.10.1 AC Measurement Check ........................................................................... 143

10.10.2 DPFC Distance Protection Check ............................................................ 144

10.10.3 Current Differential Protection Check ..................................................... 144

10.10.4 Distance Protection Check ...................................................................... 145

10.10.5 Directional Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection Check ................... 146

10.10.6 Overcurrent Protection for VT Circuit Failure check ............................. 147

10.10.7 Binary Input Check ................................................................................... 147

10.10.8 Binary Output Check ................................................................................ 147

10.10.9 Channel Check .......................................................................................... 147

10.10.10 Print Report ............................................................................................. 149

10.11 Final Check .......................................................................................................... 149

Chapter 11 Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 151

11.1 Appearance Check ................................................................................................ 151

11.2 Failure Tracing And Repair ................................................................................... 151

11.3 Replace Failed Modules ....................................................................................... 152

11.4 Replace Button Battery ........................................................................................ 153

11.5 Cleaning ................................................................................................................. 153

11.6 Storage ................................................................................................................... 153

Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal ..................................................................... 155

12.1 Decommissioning ................................................................................................. 155

12.2 Disposal ................................................................................................................. 155

Chapter 13 Manual Version History .................................................................................... 157

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 Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Application
RCS-931 is a digital line differential protection with the main and back-up protection functions,
which mainly is designed for transmission line of 220kV and above. It can be applied in the
overhead lines and underground cables.

The main protection of RCS-931 comprises of phase segregated differential protection using
phase current and DPFC current, and zero-sequence current differential protection, which can
clear the fault without delay for the whole line. DPFC distance protection can reach to extremely
fast speed for the fault near the busbar.

The back-up protection of RCS-931 comprises of phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground distance

protection, directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection and phase/zero-sequence
overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure, and so on.

RCS-931 can implement single-phase or three-phases tripping and configure auto-reclosing that
can implement 1-pole AR, 3-poles AR and 1/3-pole AR.

BUS

52

87L 21D 67G PSBR

21G 21P 51PVT FL

51GVT 79 25 FR

RCS-931 Line Differential Relay

LINE

Figure 1.1-1 Functional diagram of RCS-931

Where:

87L: Phase segregated line current differential protection

21D: DPFC distance protection

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Chapter 1 Introduction

21P: Phase-to-phase distance protection

21G: Phase-to-ground distance protection

67G: Definite-time directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

51GVT: Zero-sequence overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure

51PVT: Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure

79: Auto-reclosing

25: Synchrocheck

PSBR: Power swing blocking releasing

FR: Fault recorder

FL: Fault location

Note!

Each stage of 67G can be configured to be 50G or 51G.

1.2 Function
LINE CURRENT DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

 Phase current differential protection (87L)

 Zero-sequence current differential protection (87L)

 DPFC current differential protection (87L)

Note!

DPFC is the abbreviation of “Deviation of Power Frequency Component”. In case of a fault

in the power system, the fault current consists of three parts: the power frequency
components equal to that of before the fault, the power frequency variables during the
fault and the transient variables during the fault. DPFC is the power frequency variables
during the fault.

DPFC DISTANCE PROTECTION

BACKUP PROTECTION

 Three-zone phase-phase distance protection (21P)

 Three-zone phase-ground distance protection (21G)

 Two-stage directional zero sequence overcurrent protection (67G)

 Power swing blocking releasing function (68)

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 Chapter 1 Introduction

 Voltage and current drift auto regulation

 Switch onto fault (SOTF)

 Distance protection for SOTF

 Directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection for SOTF

ADDITIONAL PROTECTION

 synchro-checking (25)

 Auto-reclosing function (79)

 Self diagnostic test

 Event Recorder including 64 binary input change reports, 64 self-supervision reports and 256
miscellaneous reports.

 Disturbance recorder including 64 fault reports, and 24 oscillograms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)

 Fault location

 Fault phase selection

 GPS clock synchronization - second pulse, minute pulse, RS-485 difference level and IRIG-B
synchronization

 High-speed 64 Kbit/s PCM channel or 2048 Kbit/s dedicated optical fiber channel for
differential protection data exchanging

 CT circuit failure detection logic

 VT circuit failure detection logic

 Line VT circuit failure supervision

COMMUNICATIONS

 2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol

 1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock synchronization

 1 RS-232 or RS-485 (can be set by jumper) communication rear ports for printer

 1 RS-232 communication faceplate port for testing and setting

 4 optional Ethernet ports, IEC 61850, or IEC 60870-5-103 over TCP/IP

1.3 Features
 Quickly clearing the internal fault for whole line, the time is less than 10 ms for fault where is
near the busbar, less than 15ms for fault where is in the center of line and less than 25ms for
fault where is in the remote end.

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Chapter 1 Introduction

 The unique DPFC distance element is integrated in the protective device, which can clear the
internal fault quickly with high sensitivity and high speed and is not influenced by power
swing.

 Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
can defend system imbalance and system disturbance. Hence, it is both rather reliable and
very fast, and it is very sensitive but does not pickup frequently.

 Plug connectors from the relay rear panel to the terminal blocks on the rack or cabinet, which
makes the on-site commissioning and replacement much easier than what you do the
commissioning using the traditional screw terminals on the rear panel.

 Two independent data acquisition paths, one for fault detector element and another for
protections and logic functions, to prevent any undesired trip.

 Optical fiber data exchange between terminal equipment at 64 Kbit/s or 2048kBit/s.

 The CT ratio of two terminals could be different. Different ratio of various CT on each terminal
could be regulated by configurable coefficients in software.

 The communication channel could be monitored automatically. Bit error rate could be
displayed online. Differential protection will be blocked during channel failure.

 The relay could send and receive tripping command to and from same type protection of
opposite terminal via fiber optical channel.

 Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9 button keypad on the front panel.

 24 samples per cycle, all task including data measurement, protection calculation, logic
discrimination, event recording and protection logic calculation could be done within one
sampling interval.

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 Chapter 2 Technical Data

Chapter 2 Technical Data

2.1 Electrical Specifications

2.1.1 Analog Input
1. Analog current

Phase rotation ABC

Nominal frequency 50, 60Hz, ±10%
Rated Current 1A 5A
Linear to 30A 150A
(non-offset AC current) (non-offset AC current)
Thermal withstand
-continuously 3In 3In
-for 10s 30In 30In
-for 1s 100In 100In
-for half a cycle 250In 250In
Burden < 0.2VA/phase @ In < 0.5VA/phase @ In

2. Analog voltage

Per IEC 60255-6, IEC 60288

Rated Voltage 100V/ 3 , 110V/ 3 100V, 110V 200V
Linear to 100V 173V 230V
Thermal withstand
-continuously 120V 120V 200V
-10s 200V 200V 350V
-1s 250V 250V 400V
Burden at rated <0.2VA/phase @ Un < 0.5VA/phase@ Un < 2.5VA/phase @ Un

2.1.2 Power Supply

Rated Voltage 24Vdc, 110Vdc, 125Vdc, 220Vdc, 250Vdc
Variation (80%-120%)Un
Ripple in the DC
Max 15% of the DC value. Per IEC 60255-11
auxiliary voltage
Voltage short Per IEC 61000-4-11, IEC 60255-11:1979
interruptions 20ms for interruption without de-energizing
Voltage dips Per IEC 61000-4-11, IEC 60255-11:1979
Up to 100ms for dips 60% of Un without reset
Quiescent condition <10W
Burden
Operating condition <15W

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Chapter 2 Technical Data

Backup battery type ML2032, 3V, 65mAh

2.1.3 Binary Input

Rated Voltage 110VDC 125VDC 220VDC 250VDC
Pickup voltage 77VDC 87.5VDC 154VDC 175VDC
Dropout voltage 60.5VDC 68.8VDC 121VDC 137.5VDC
Maximum permitted
150V 150V 300V 300V
voltage
Withstand 2000Vac
Resolving time for 1ms
logic input

2.1.4 Binary Output

Item Tripping contact Other contacts
Output mode Potential free contact
Continuous carry 8A 5A
Making capacity >1000W at L/R=40ms
Max system voltage 250VAC/DC
Test voltage across 1000Vrms
open contact, 1min
Short duration current 50A for 200ms
Pickup time (Typ/Max) 5/10ms 10/15ms
Dropout time
8ms/10ms 8ms/10ms
(Typ/Max)
Bounce time 1ms 1ms
Breaking capacity at 0.4A resistance 0.2A resistance
250Vdc 0.2A inductive(L/R=40ms) 0.05A inductive (L/R=40ms)
Loaded 100,000 operations minimum 100,000 operations minimum
contact
Durability
Unloaded 10,000,000 operations minimum 10,000,000 operations minimum
contact

2.1.5 Power Supply Output for Opto-coupler

Rated Voltage 24V
Rated Current 200mA
Max current 500mA

2.2 Mechanical Specifications

Enclosure dimensions
482.6×177×291 (unit: mm)
(W×H×D)
Mounting Way Flush mounted
Trepanning
450×179, M6 screw
dimensions (W×H)

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 Chapter 2 Technical Data

Housing color Silver grey

Weight per device Approx. 15kg
Local control panel Small control module: 8 LED indicator a 9-key keypad and a 128×64
dot LCD
Display language English
Housing material Aluminum
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Protection class
Standard Per IEC60529:1989
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (Flush mounted)
Other sides IP30
Rear side, connection IP20
terminals

2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Standard IEC60255-6:1988
Operating
-25°C to +55°C
temperature
Transport and storage
-40°C to +70°C
temperature range
Permissible humidity 5%-95%, condensation not permissible

2.4 Rear Communication Port

2.4.1 Communication Port for RTU/SCADA
Port number 2
Baud rate 4800~38400bps
Transmission distance <1000m@4800bps
Electrical Maximal capacity 32
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Port number 2
RS-485
Connector type ST
(EIA)
Baud rate 4800~38400bps
Transmission standard 100Base-FX
Optical Transmission distance <1500m
(Optional) Optical fibre type Multi-mode fibre
Wave length 850/820nm
Fibre size 62.5/125μm (core DIA/cladding DIA)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

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Port number 2
Connector type RJ-45
Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Electrical Transmission standard 100Base-TX
Transmission distance <100m
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997 or IEC 61850
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Port number 2
Connector type SC
Ethernet
Transmission rate 100Mbits
Transmission standard 100Base-TX
Transmission distance <1500m
Optical
Optical fibre type Multi-mode or single-mode
(Optional)
Wave length 853/1310nm for multi-mode
1310/1550nm for single-mode
Fibre size 62.5/125μm (core DIA/cladding DIA)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103: 1997 or IEC 61850
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

2.4.2 Communication Port with Auxiliary Software

Port number 1
Application Local HMI communication
Download protection program
RS-232 (EIA)
Baud rate 4800~9600bps
Connector type 9 pin D-type female connector
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

2.4.3 Communication Port for Print

Prot number 1
Baud Rate 4800bps or 9600bps
RS-232 (EIA)
Printer type EPSON® 300K printer
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

2.4.4 RS-485 for Clock Synchronization

Port number 1
Transmission distance <500m
RS-485 (EIA) Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

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2.5 Type Tests

2.5.1 Environmental Tests

Per IEC60068-2-1:1990
Dry cold test
Test Ad for 16 h at -25°C
Per IEC60068-2-2:1974
Dry heat test
Test Bd for 16 h at +55°C
Per IEC60068-2-30:1980
Damp heat test, cyclic Test Db Two (12+12) hour cycles 95%RH, low temperature +25°C,
high temperature +55°C

2.5.2 Mechanical Tests

Vibration Class I IEC 60255-21-1:1988

Shock and bump Class I IEC 60255-21-2:1988

2.5.3 Electrical Tests

Per IEC 60255-5:2000

Dielectric tests
Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Per IEC60255-5:2000
Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV, unipolar impulses waveform 1.2/50μs,source
energy 0.5J
Insulation resistance Per IEC 60255-5:2000
measurements Isolation resistance >100MΩ, 500Vdc

2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility

1MHz burst Per IEC 60255-22-1:1988
disturbance test Common mode: class III 2.5KV
Differential mode: class III 1.0KV
Electrostatic Per IEC60255-22-2:1996 class IV
discharge test For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
Radio frequency Per IEC 60255-22-3:2000 class III
interference tests
Frequency sweep

Radiated amplitude-modulated

10V/m (rms), f=80…1000MHz

Spot frequency

Radiated amplitude-modulated

10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz

Radiated pulse-modulated

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Chapter 2 Technical Data

10V/m (rms), f=900MHz

Fast transient Per IEC 60255-22-4:2002
disturbance tests Power supply, I/O, Earth: Class IV, 4kV, 2.5 kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: Class IV, 2kV, 5 kHz, 5/50ns
Surge immunity test Per IEC 60255-22-5:2002, 1.2/50us class III
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: 2kV, line to earth; 1kV line to line
Conducted RF Per IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Electromagnetic Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class III, 10Vrms, 150
Disturbance kHz~80MHz
Power Frequency Per IEC 61000-4-8:1993
Magnetic Field Class 5: 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
Immunity
Pulse Magnetic Field Per IEC 61000-4-9:1993
Immunity Class 5: 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory IEC 61000-4-10:1993
magnetic field Class 5: 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
immunity

2.6 Certifications
 ISO9001: 2000

 ISO14001:2004

 OHSAS18001: 1999

 CMMI L2

 EMC: 89/336/EEC, EN50263:2000

 Products safety(PS): 73/23/EEC, EN61010-1: 2001, EN60950: 2002

2.7 Protective Functions

2.7.1 Optical Fibre Interface
Optic connector: FC/PC

Fiber Optic: Single mode, Rec.G652, 1310nm

Optic emitter: 1310nm FP laser diode

Optic receiver: InGaAs photodiode module

Optic power output: 64kbit/s: -16dBm, -9dBm, -7dBm, -5dBm

2048kbit/s: -16dBm, -12dBm, -9dBm, -8dBm

Receiver sensitivity: 64kbit/s: -45dBm; 2048kbit/s: -35dBm

Maximum transmission distance: 64kbit/s: 100km; 2048kbit/s: 60km

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2.7.2 Fault Detector

Pick-up setting of DPFC current fault detector (ΔI)

Setting range: 0.1In~0.5In

Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater

Pick-up setting of zero sequence current fault detector (3I0)

Setting range: 0.1In~0.5In

Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater

2.7.3 DPFC Distance Protection

Setting range: 0.1Ω~7.5Ω (In=5A), 0.5Ω~37.5Ω (In=1A)

Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater

2.7.4 Distance Protection

Setting range: 0.01Ω~25Ω (In=5A), 0.05Ω~125Ω (In=1A)

Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater

Accurate operating voltage: <0.25 V

Min. accurate operating current: 0.1In

Max. accurate operating current: 20In

Time delay: 0s~10s

Accuracy: ≤1%Setting+40ms

2.7.5 Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection

Setting range: 0.1In~20In

Accuracy: ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater

Time delay: 0s~10s

Accuracy: ≤1%Setting+40ms

2.7.6 Transient Overreach

Tolerance for all high-speed protection: ≤2%

2.7.7 Fault Location

Accuracy for multiphase faults with one end source: < ±2.5%

Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance.

2.7.8 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference tolerance for synchronism checking: <±3°

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.1 General Fault Detector Element (GFD)

Main part of GFD is DPFC overcurrent fault detector element that reflects the deviation of
phase-to-phase power frequency current, and zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector element
that reflects total current is taken as supplementary.

The GFD comprise of the following elements:

 DPFC overcurrent fault detection element

 Zero sequence overcurrent fault detection element

 Circuit breaker pole discrepancy fault detection element

 Auxiliary voltage fault detector element

 Transfer trip fault detection element

If any of the above fault detection elements operates, the GFD will operate to provide DC power
supply to the output relays to enable the output circuit.

3.1.1 DPFC Overcurrent Fault Detector Element

DPFC overcurrent fault detector element adopts adaptive floating threshold which consists of
unbalanced output of deviation. The adaptive floating threshold is kept higher than the
unbalanced output all along, which makes DPFC overcurrent fault detector element not pick up
frequently and have an extremely high sensitivity and reliability. By using adaptive floating
threshold, the unbalanced output value is small under normal condition, so DPFC overcurrent
fault detector element has extremely high sensitivity. When power swing occurs, the adaptive
floating threshold increases while the sensitivity decreases automatically, so DPFC overcurrent
fault detector is not influenced by power swing condition and needn’t be controlled by power swing
blocking element.

The criterion:

I MAX  1.25I T  I ZD (Equation 3.1-1)

Where:

I MAX : the maximum half-wave integration value of phase-to-phase current.

I ZD : the setting [I_DPFC_OC_FD].

I T : the floating threshold

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If the DPFC overcurrent fault detector element operates, DC power supply will be provided to
output relay for 7 seconds.

3.1.2 Zer-sequence Overcurrent Fault Detector Element

Zero sequence overcurrent fault detector element will operate when 3I0 derived and 3I0Cal
measured are both higher than the setting [I_ROC_FD].

where:

3I0: zero sequence current derived internally at the terminal from the three-phase currents

3I0Cal: zero sequence current calculated depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (i.e.,
3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC)

If the zero sequence overcurrent fault detector element operates, DC power supply will be
provided to output relay for 7 seconds.

When CT circuit failure is detected, this element will be disabled and an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be
issued.

Note!

The zero sequence current should be connected to the protective device; otherwise all
relevant protection elements will be blocked.

3.1.3 Circuit Breaker Pole Discrepancy Fault Detector Element

The circuit breaker pole discrepancy fault detector element is optional by the logic setting
[En_CB_Init_AR]. If the function is enabled i.e. the logic setting [En_CB_Init_AR] is set as “1”,
when the auto-recloser gets ready to closing circuit breaker, the circuit breaker pole discrepancy
fault detector element will operate if the circuit breaker is tripped undesirably without fault.

If the circuit breaker pole discrepancy fault detector element operates, DC power supply will be
provided to output relay for 15 seconds.

3.1.4 Auxiliary Voltage Fault Detector Element

Because the current fault detector element does not operate in the weak infeed end for a internal
three-phase fault, if receiving phase segregated permissive signal from the opposite end of line, in
the same time, the corresponding phase voltage is lower than 65%Un or phase-to-phase voltage
is lower than 65%Unn, the auxiliary voltage element operates, and DC power supply will be
provided to output relay for 7 seconds.

Note!

Here Un is the rated secondary voltage of VT.

3.1.5 Transfer Trip Fault Detector Element

If the logic setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT] is set as “0” and receiving the transfer trip signal from

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opposite end of line, the transfer trip fault detector element operates, and DC power supply will be
provided to output relay for 500ms.

3.2 Protective Fault Detector Element (PFD)

The protective fault detector element is the same as the general fault detector element.

3.3 DPFC Distance Protection

The power system is normally treated as a balanced symmetrical three-phase network. When a
fault occurs in the power system, by applying the principle of superposition, the load currents and
voltage can be calculated in the system prior to the fault and the pure fault component can be
calculated by whole fault current or voltage subtracted by load current or voltage. DPFC distance
protection reflects deviation of power frequency, therefore, only pure fault current and voltage is
useful to DPFC distance protection which is not influenced by load current and voltage.

 For forward direction fault

jX

Zzd
Zk

R
Zs+Zk
-Zs

Figure 3.3-1 Operation characteristic for forward fault

Figure 3.3-1 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│
as the radius. When measured impedance Zk is in the circle, the DPFC distance element will
operate. The DPFC distance element have a large capability of enduring fault resistance. When
there is infeed current from power source at the other end in the fault resistance, the phase of Δ
IN is the same as Δ I and the phase of voltage of fault resistance is same as Δ I, so the fault
resistance appears resistive and is in parallel with R axes. The overreaching problem that results
from infeed current can be prevented.

 For reverse direction fault

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

jX

Z's

Zzd

-Zk

Figure 3.3-2 Operation characteristic for reverse fault

Figure 3.3-2 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z′s as the center and the │Z′s-Zzd│
as the radius. The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured impedance –Zk is
always in the quadrant 3, so the DPFC distance element will not operate and have the definite
directionality.

Note!

The DPFC distance protection can be enabled or disabled by corresponding logic setting
and binary input. Please refer to section 7.3.

3.4 Current Differential Protection

Current differential protection comprises three elements:

 DPFC current differential element

 phase current differential element

 zero sequence current differential element

Note!

DPFC current differential element and phase current differential element are phase
segregated current differential protection.

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Differential restraint Differential operate Differential restraint

EM EN

52 52

Ia,Ib,Ic
RCS-931 RCS-931

Figure 3.4-1 2-Terminal application

3.4.1 DPFC Current Differential Element

Its operation criteria is,

I CD  0.75  I R

 (Equation 3.4-1)
I CD  I H

Where:

Φ: phase A, B or C.

I CD : the DPFC differential current ( I CD  IM  IN )

I R : the DPFC restraint current ( I R  I M  I N )

4U N
I H : Max([I_H_Diff], 4 I Cap , )
X c1

[I_H_Diff] : the high setting of differential pickup current

I Cap : the real capacitance current

X C 1 : the setting [XC1L], positive sequence capacitive impedance

U N : the secondary rated voltage

Note!

The real capacitance current is the differential current not compensated under normal
condition.

Note!

When RCS-931 is applied for long transmission line, Xc1 is the real positive sequence
capacitive impedance of line. However, for short transmission line, both the real
capacitance current and 4UN/Xc1 are small, so the DPFC current differential element has a

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

high sensitivity. In order to decrease the sensitivity of DPFC current differential element, it
can be achieved through decreasing Xc1 properly or increasing the setting [I_H_Diff].

3.4.2 Phase Current Differential Element

1. Stage 1

Its operation criteria is

I CD  0.75  I R
 (Equation
I CD  I H
3.4-2)

Where:

I CD : the phase differential current ( I CD  IM  IN )

I R : the phase restraint current ( I  IM  IN )

R

I H : is same as that mentioned above.

2. Stage 2

Its operation criteria is

 I CD  0.75  I R
 (Equation
 I CD  I L
3.4-3)

Where:

1.5U N
I L : Max([I_L_Diff], 1.5 I Cap , )
X c1

[I_L_Diff]: the low setting of differential pickup current

I Cap : the real capacitance current

I CD , I R and U N are the same as those mentioned above

When the above criteria is met, the stage 2 of phase current differential element will operate after
40ms delay.

3.4.3 Zero-sequence Current Differential Element

Zero-sequence current differential element is sensitive to high resistance ground fault. It operation

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criteria is

 I CD0  0.75  I R 0
I
 CD0  I QD 0
 (Equation
 I CDBC  0.15  I R 0
I
 CDBC  I L
3.4-4)

Where:

I CD0 : the zero sequence differential current ( I CD0  IM 0  IN 0 )

I R 0 : the zero sequence restraint current ( I R 0  IM 0  IN 0 )

I QD0 : the pick-up setting of zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector element [I_ROC_FD].

0.6U N
I L : Max( I QD0 , 0.6 I Cap , )
X c1

I CDBC : the differential current compensated by capacitance current

I R 0 , U N , I Cap and X C 1 are the same to those mentioned above

If the alarm, [Alm_VTS] or [Alm_Xc], is issued, the capacitance current compensation will be
disabled automatically. The operation criteria is changed to:

 I CD0  0.75  I R 0
I
 CD0  I QD 0
 (Equation 3.4-5)
 I CD  0.15  I R
I
 CD  I L

1.5U N
I L : Max([I_L_Diff], 1.5 I Cap , )
X c1

I CD0 , I R 0 , I CD , I R , U N and X C 1 are the same to those mentioned above

When the above criteria is met, the zero sequence differential current element will operate after
100 ms delay.

3.4.4 Capacitance Current Compensation

For long transmission line of which capacitance current is very large, in order to increase the

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sensitivity of zero-sequence current differential element when a ground fault associated with fault
resistance occurs, capacitance current must be compensated to eliminate the effect that
capacitance current has on differential current. The traditional method of compensating
capacitance current can only compensate steady-state capacitance current. However, during the
transient period, such as closing circuit breaker to no-load line, clearing external fault and so on,
there are large transient capacitance current in the line. The traditional method can not
compensate the capacitance current completely, hence, a new method is available in the RCS-931,
which can compensate transient component of capacitance current.

 For long transmission line without shunt reactor

Phase capacitance current of line can be derived from “∏” equivalent circuit. For normal operation
condition, closing circuit breaker to no-load line and clearing external fault, not only steady-state
component of capacitance current but also transient component of capacitance current can be
compensated.

 For long transmission line with shunt reactor

Because a part of capacitance current has been compensated by shunt reactor, reactance current
IL must be subtracted from capacitance current calculated above

 For short transmission line

Because capacitance current is very small, the sensitivity of current differential protection can still
meet the requirement. The function, capacitance current compensation, will be disabled
automatically if differential current is smaller than 01IN.

3.4.5 CT Supervision
If CT circuit failure occurs, an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be issued. When CT circuit failure occurs on
an end, the fault detector element and current differential protection on this end might operate at
once. However, fault detector element on another end will not operate, so no permissive signal is
sent to the opposite end of line. Hence, the current differential protection will not maloperate.
Meanwhile, RCS-931 of the healthy end will issue alarm [Alm_Diff] which will be treated as the
same as the alarm [Alm_CTS].

When CT circuit fails, and fault detector element operates caused by an internal fault or system
disturbance, the differential protection will be blocked if the logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] is set as
“1” and will operate if it is set as “0” and the differential current of corresponding phase is higher
than the setting [I_Diff_CTS].

3.4.6 CT Saturation
CT transient saturation might occur concurrently with external fault . Since the equipment adopts
high restraint factor and self-adaptive floating restraint threshold, it will not operate even in serious
saturation case.

3.4.7 Synchronism Sampling

It is important to synchronism sampling for current differential protection operating correctly. One
end should be configured as the master end and the other as slave end. The end of which setting

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[ID_Local] is greater than [ID_Remote] is chosen as a master. The master end sends sampling
information to the slave end with regular interval while the slave adjusts its sampling interval at
any time. The slave end sends three-phase current sampling value to the master if the
synchronism condition is met. Otherwise synchronism program is initiated until the synchronism
condition is met.

To achieve sampling synchronism for both ends:

1) The routine of both direction shall be same to each other, so the time delays of both direction
are the same.

2) The maximum one-way channel propagation delay shall be less than 15 ms.

3.4.8 Communication Channel Interface

Depending on the difference of the amount of optic fibre core and the distance permitted to
transmit, RCS-931 can select two modes including dedicated optical fibre channel and multiplex
channel. The multiplex channel is not recommended unless the receiver power does not met the
requirement.

The following figures show different application.

1. Dedicated optic fibre channel mode

64Kbit/s or 2Mbit/s
TX RX
Pig Tail Pig Tail
RX TX

Dedicated fibre core for protection in

the optic cable

RCS-931 on the end RCS-931 on the other end

Figure 3.4-2 The application of dedicated optic fibre channel

2. Multiplex 64Kbit/s channel mode

Optic fibre communication net

TX
Pig Tail Twisted pair line with shielding SDH
MUX-64 layer PCM Coaxial cable
RX
E1 Interface

RCS-931

Figure 3.4-3 The application of multiplex 64Kbit/s channel

3. Multiplex 2048Kbit/s channel mode

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

Optic fibre communication net

TX
Pig Tail SDH
MUX-2M Coaxial cable
RX
E1 Interface

RCS-931

Figure 3.4-4 The application of multiplex 2048Kbit/s channel

3.4.9 Communication Clock

Data exchange is very important to digital differential protection. Multiplex PCM (Pulse Code
Modulation) channel or dedicated optical fiber channel for data exchanging is adopted. (If the
identification of equipment includes character “M”, the communication rate used by protective
device is 2048 Kbit/s, otherwise, the rate is 64 Kbit/s. For example, RCS-931AM uses 2048 Kbit/s
channel, while RCS-931A uses 64 Kbit/s channel).

The protective device sends data and receive data based on independant clock respectively,
which are called transmit clock (i.e. clock Tx) and receive clock (i.e. clock Rx) respectively. Clock
Rx is fixed to be extracted from data frame, which can ensure no slip code and and not to receive
error data code. Clock Tx has two options:

1) Use internal crystal clock, which is called internal clock. (master clock)

2) Use clock Tx, which is called external clock. (slave clock)

Depend on the difference of clock used by RCS-931 of two ends, there are three modes.

1. Master-master mode

The RCS-931 of two terminals both use internal clock.

Internal clock Internal clock

clock Tx clock Tx

64 kbit/s 64 kbit/s

clock Rx clock Rx

RCS-931 installed on RCS-931 installed on

the end the other end

Figure 3.4-5 Internal clock mode (master-master)

2. Slave-slave mode

The RCS-931 of two ends both use external clock.

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Internal clock Internal clock

PCM PCM

Tx Tx
64 Kbit/s 64 Kbit/s
clock Tx clock Tx

(master) (slave)

64 Kbit/s 64 Kbit/s
clock Rx clock Rx
Rx Rx
RCS-931 installed RCS-931 installed
on the end on the other end

Figure 3.4-6 External clock mode (slave-slave)

3. Master-slave mode

One of them uses internal clock, the other should use external clock. (not recommended)

Depending on the logic setting [En_InnClock], RCS-931 line differential relay selects the
communication clock mode. The inner clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting
[En_InnClock] is set as “1”. Contrarily, the outer clock is enabled automatically when the logic
setting [En_InnClock] is set to “0”.

1) using 64 Kbit/s dedicated optical fibre channel for data exchanging.

Set both of the settings [En_InnClock] as “1” for protection equipments of two terminal.

2) using 64 Kbit/s multiplex PCM channel for data exchanging.

Set both of the settings [En_InnClock] as “0” for protection equipments of two terminal.

3) using 2048 Kbit/s dedicated optical fibre channel for data exchanging.

Set both of the settings [En_InnClock] as “1” for protection equipments of two terminal.

4) using 2048 Kbit/s multiplex channel for data exchanging.

 When the protection message is switched-in to 2048 Kbit/s board of SDH through coaxial
cable and the retiming function of 2048 Kbit/s channel of SDH is forbid, setting the setting
[En_InnClock] as “1” for protection equipment of two terminal. (recommended)

 When the protection message is switched-in to 2048 Kbit/s board of SDH through coaxial
cable and the retiming function of 2048 Kbit/s channel of SDH is initiated, setting the setting
[En_InnClock] as “0” for protection equipments of two terminal.

 When the protection message is switched-in to 2048 Kbit/s board of SDH through switching
channel, the setting of the setting [En_InnClock] must be matched with other equipment used
to switch channel.

3.4.10 Optical Fibre Interface

The option for optic fibre communication is 1310 nm single-mode. The sending power of optic
fibre interface depends on the option of jumpers, including fixed propagation speed and selective
propagation speed.

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1. Fixed propagation speed

Table 3.4-1 The optic fibre interface module of single channel

Propagation speed
64 Kbit/s 2048 Kbit/s
Jumper option
JP301-OFF, JP302-OFF -16dBm -16dBm
JP301-ON, JP302-OFF -9dBm -12dBm
JP301-OFF, JP302-ON -7dBm -9dBm
JP301-ON, JP302-ON -5dBm -8dBm

Optic connector: FC/PC

Receiver sensitivity: 64kbit/s: -45dBm 2048kbit/s: -35dBm

Maximum transmission distance: 64kbit/s: <100km 2048kbit/s: <60km

2. Selective propagation speed

Table 3.4-2 The optic fibre interface module of single channel

Propagation speed
64 Kbit/s 2048 Kbit/s
Jumper option
JP302-OFF -13.0±2.0dBm
Sending power
JP302-ON -3.0±2.0dBm
Propagation JP201-OFF 64 Kbit/s
speed JP201-ON 2048 Kbit/s

Optic connector: FC/PC

Receiver sensitivity: 64kbit/s: -38dBm 2048kbit/s: -38dBm

Maximum transmission distance: 64kbit/s: <90km 2048kbit/s: <90km

Note!

When using dedicated optical fibre channel, if the transmission distance is longer than
50km, the transmitted power must be enchanced to make received power larger than
receiver sensitivity with some margin (3~10 dB) by setting corresponding jumper.

Note!

When transmission distance is longer than 80km using dedicated optical fibre channel,
please notice before ordering and it will be considered as special project using 1550nm
laser diode.

Note!

When using multiplex channel, jumper needn’t be set and sending power is default.

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.4.11 Scheme Logic

BI_52b_Pha

BI_52b_Phb &

BI_52b_Phc
&
Max(IA, IB, IC)>0.06In

DIFF for CT circuit failure &

[En_CTSBlkDiff] & ≥1 Sending permissive signal

≥1
CT circuit failure

[En_DiffP] &

Channel abnormal

& ≥1 &
IA>[I_H_Diff] or [I_L_Diff]

& & DIFF A operating

IB>[I_H_Diff] or [I_L_Diff]

& & DIFF B operating

IC>[I_H_Diff] or [I_L_Diff]

Receiving permissive signal & DIFF C operating

&
FD operating

Figure 3.4-7 Logic diagram of current differential protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.

1. The current differential protection will be enabled only if virtual binary input [VEBI_DiffP] and
logic setting [En_DiffP] are set as “1”.

2. DPFC current differential element, phase current differential element and zero-sequence
current differential element is phase segregated, including Phase A, phase B and phase C.

3. Permissive signal for current differential protection on remote end will be sent if the circuit
breaker is on open position or the differential relay controlled by fault detection operates.

4. At the moment of CT circuit failure, fault detector element and current differential protection
on faulty end might operate, but fault detector element on healthy end will not operate and
permissive signal will not be sent from the healthy to the faulty end. So RCS-931 will not
maloperate.

However, if internal fault occurs or the fault detector operates due to system disturbance, CT
circuit is failure in the same time, there are two possibilities:

 If the logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] (differential protection being blocked during CT circuit
failure) is set as “1”, the differential protection will be blocked.

 If the logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] is set as “0” and the differential current of the faulty phase
is more than the differential current setting [I_Diff_CTS] during CT circuit failure, the

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

differential protection will operate with alarm signal being issued at the same time.

3.5 Distance Protection

The distance protection comprises 3 zones phase-to-phase distance elements and 3 zones
phase-to-ground elements.

The distance protection provides the fast and reliable protection for overhead lines and power
cables in all kinds of power networks. For each independent distance element zone, full scheme
design provides continuous measurement of impedance separately in three independent
phase-to-phase measuring loops as well as in three independent phase-to-ground measuring
loops.

Phase-to-phase distance element is suitable as a basic protection function against two- and
three-phase faults in all kinds of networks, regardless of the treatment of the neutral point.
Independent setting for each zone separately makes it possible to create fast and selective
protection in power systems.

Phase-to-ground distance element serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with solidly
or low impedance grounded networks. Independent setting for each zone separately makes it
possible to create fast and selective protection in power systems.

Polarized positive sequence voltage is used for distance protection so that faults with high
resistance can also be cleared easily. In case of short lines, in order to enhance performance
against high fault resistance, the impedance characteristic of the zone 1 and zone 2 could be
inclined toward quadrant 1.

Zero sequence reactance character is used for phase-to-ground distance element so that
overreach due to resistance earth fault could be avoided.

If the positive sequence polarized voltage is high enough, directionality of the distance protection
using positive sequence polarized voltage is very good. However, when close-in three phase fault
happens, the positive sequence voltage may reduce to 10% or less, the distance protection will go
to low voltage program (please refer to section 3.5.1) in which memorized positive sequence
polarized voltage is used instead.

Threshold will be set forward for zones 1 and 2 of distance element before it operates, so that
directionality could be assured for three-phase fault very close to busbar. And this threshold will
be changed to reverse direction after it operates, so that forward close-in three phase fault can be
fully cleared. As to the zone 3 of the distance element, direction of the threshold is always reverse,
because it acts as a backup protection for busbar.

Note!

When VT circuit failure happens, the alarm [Alm_VTS] displayed, all distance protection
will be disabled.

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

3.5.1 Distance Element with Memorized Polarization

3.5.1.1 General Description

Distance element with memorized polarization is an algorithm used when positive sequence
voltage reduces to 10% or less. There are only two possibilities for this condition: power swing or
three phase short circuit fault.

As the power swing will be identified by power swing blocking function, only three phase short
circuit should be considered and discussed herein.

Because three phase-to-ground impedance and three phase-to-phase impedance are equal in
case of three phase short circuit fault, so only phase-to-ground impedance should be measured.

Impedance of all three phase are usually equal. But in order to ensure fast tripping even in the
case of transition from bus fault to three phase line fault, all of three phase impedance are
calculated and operation of any phase element will lead to three phase tripping.

3.5.1.2 Design

Distance element with memorized polarization compares phasor angle of operating voltage and
polarized voltage.

1. For forward direction fault

The transient operation characteristic is shown in Figure 3.5-1. Operation characteristic of Z K on

R-X plane is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and  Z S as the diameter. The origin is
enclosed in the circle.

This does not mean it will operate incorrectly during reverse direction fault but means it will
operate correctly during forward fault even if the fault occurs just on the outlet because that is
derived supposing forward direction fault. If power angle δ does not equal to 0, the circle with the
line connecting ends of Z ZD and Z S as a chord will move toward quadrant 1or 2.

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

jX

ZZD

ZK

 ZS

Figure 3.5-1 Operation characteristic for forward fault

2. For reverse direction fault

Figure 3.5-2 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance  Z K on R-X plane. This

characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and Z ' S as the diameter. It will

operate only when  Z K is in the circle. Therefore directionality of the protection is explicit.

jX

Z'S

ZZD

R
 ZK

Figure 3.5-2 Operation characteristic for reverse fault

The conditions mentioned above are before fading of memorized voltage, in another word, they
are transient characteristic.

When the memorized voltage fade, Figure 3.5-3 shows operation characteristic of measured
impedance ZK on R-X plane for forward direction fault as well as that of -ZK for reverse direction

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

fault. Since the circle covers the origin, the equipment will be just on the margin of operation for
fault on the bus or line outlet. In order to prevent the mal-operation for bus fault, especially the
three phase bus fault with arc resistance, zone1 and 2 of distance element is equipped with a
positive threshold. Voltage value of the threshold is equal to maximum voltage drop of the arc.
Moreover, when zone 1 or 2 of distance element operates, phase of the threshold voltage will be
inverted so that the origin can be enclosed in the characteristic circle to ensure the fault can be
fully cleared. In order to ensure backup protection of zone 3, phase of threshold voltage is always
inverted and the origin is always enclosed in the characteristic circle.

jX

ZZD

ZK

Figure 3.5-3 Steady state characteristic of three phase short circuit fault

3.5.2 Phase-to-ground Distance Element

1. Zone 1 and zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance element

This relay could measure high fault resistance without overreach.

 Directional distance element using polarized positive sequence voltage

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

jX

θ1=0 ° ZZD θ1=15 °θ1=30 °

 ZS

Figure 3.5-4 Characteristic of the relay for forward fault

In short line case, in order to improve the relay performance against high fault resistance, phase
shift θ1 is used for polarized voltage. This phase shift could move the directional impedance
characteristic toward quadrant 1 as is shown in Figure 3.5-4. Value of θ1 can be set to 0°, 15°or
30°.

This relay could measure high fault resistance and keep a very satisfied performance under high
fault resistance condition. However, if there is a considerable power source in remote end, an
overreach caused by infeed from remote end during resistance earth fault may occur. In order to
prevent overreach, the following zero sequence reactance relay is introduced.

 Zero sequence reactance element

Typical zero-sequence reactance characteristic is shown as the straight line A in Figure 3.5-4.
Therefore, directional impedance characteristic integrating with the zero sequence characteristic
are adaptive with the fault resistance.

2. Zone 3 of phase-to-ground distance element

The no-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage because during earth
fault, positive sequence voltage is mainly formed by healthy phase and the phase of positive
sequence voltage is kept as it was before the fault. So characteristic of zone 3 of phase–to-earth
distance element is the same as the transient characteristic of distance element with memorized
polarization and have a very good directionality.

3.5.3 Phase-to-phase Distance Element

1. Zone 1,2 of Phase-to-phase distance element

 The directional impedance element using polarized positive sequence voltage

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

Phase shift θ2 is introduced here for polarized voltage in zones 1 and 2 just like θ1 in case of
phase-to-ground distance element. It is used also for improving performance against high fault
resistance in short line case. Value of θ2 can be set as 0°or 15°or 30°.

2. Zone 3 of phase-to-phase distance element

No-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage. It is because positive

sequence voltage in case of phase-to-phase fault reserves mainly the pre-fault phasor angle.
Operation characteristic of faulty phase is shown as Figure 3.5-1 and Figure 3.5-2. This element
has a very good directionality.

If three-phase short circuit fault occurs, since the polarized voltage has not been memorized, its
operation characteristic is a circle passing through the origin (Please refer to Figure 3.5-3). If the
positive sequence voltage is low, the fault will be measured by impedance element with
memorized polarization. There is neither problem about dead zone nor loss of directionality for
bus fault in this case.

Because zone 3 phase-to-phase distance element intends to provide backup protection for
backward busbar fault, the threshold of it is always inverted and it will operate when backward
busbar fault happens.

3.5.4 Blinder Scheme

The blinder characteristic shown in Figure 3.5-5 can be used to restrict the reach of a distance
relay on a long line or during heavy load conditions. The distance relay will be allowed to trip only
when both blinders are operated (i.e., the apparent impedance must be between the two
characteristics).

jX

B ZZD A

RZD
Φ
R

RZD

Figure 3.5-5 The operation characteristic of blinder

In order to ensure distance relay not affected by load impendence, the phase-to-phase and

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

phase-to-ground blinders are used. As shown in Figure 3.5-5, the slope of blinder is same to
positive sequence sensitivity angle Φ, RZD is the setting [R_Blinder]. The operation region is
between line A and line B. The logic setting [En_Blinder] can decide whether the blinder is
enabled or not.

3.5.5 Power Swing Blocking Releasing (PSBR)

When power swing occurs on the power system, the impedance measured by the distance
measuring element may vary from the load impedance area into the operating zone of the
distance element. The operation of the distance measuring element due to the power swing
occurs in many points of interconnected power systems. To keep the stability of whole power
system, tripping due to operation of the distance measuring element during a power swing is
generally not allowed. RCS-931 adopts releasing power swing blocking to avoid maloperation of
distance protection resulting from power swing. In another word, distance protection is blocked all
along under the normal condititon and power swing. Only if fault (internal fault or power swing with
internal fault) is detected, power swing blocking for distance protection is released by PSBR
element.

Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operate.

 Fault detector PSBR element (FD PSBR)

 Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element (UF PSBR)

 Symmetrical fault PSBR element (SF PSBR)

 Pole disagreement PSBR element (PD PSBR)

1. Fault detector PSBR element

If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.

1) Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_OC_PSB] before general fault detector
element operates.

2) Positive sequence current is higher than the setting [I_OC_PSB] before general fault detector
element operates, but the duration is less than 10ms.

2. Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element

The operation criterion:

I0+I2>m×I1

The “m” is a internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operate during power swing with
internal unsymmetrical fault, while not operate during power swing or power swing with external
fault.

3. Symmetrical fault PSBR element

If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after GFD operates), neither FD
PSBR nor UF PSBR will be able to operate to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is

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provided for this case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing
center:

UOS=U1×COSΦ

Where:

Φ: the angle between positive sequence voltage and current

U1: the positive sequence voltage

The criterion of SF PSBR element comprises the following two parts:

 when -0.03UN<UOS<0.08UN, the SF PSBR element will operate after 150ms.

 when -0.1UN<UOS<0.25UN, the SF PSBR element will operate after 500ms.

4. Pole disagreement PSBR element

When three-phase circuit breaker is in the unsymmetrical state, PD PSBR will operate if any of the
following conditions is met.

1) The faulty phase selected by fault phase selection element is not the phase tripped.

2) The difference of current deviation of power frequency component between two unfaulty
phases increases to certain value all of a sudden.

3.5.6 Scheme Logic

[En_PSB]
≥1
SF PSBR

UF PSBR ≥1 &
≥1
PD PSBR
10ms 0
I1 > [I_OC_PSB]
0 160ms
&
Fault Detector ≥1

&

& PSBR_Z1/2
Zone 2

Figure 3.5-6 Logic diagram of PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element

The logic setting [En_PSB] is common for zone 1, 2 of distance element. If the logic setting
[En_PSB] is set as “0”, zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element is not blocked by PSBR and PSBR
for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element will operate right now (i.e. output state of [PSBR_Z1/2]
is “1”).

If the logic setting [En_PSB] is set as “1”, zone 1, 2 of distance element is controlled by PSBR.
After zone 2 of distance element operates and PSBR condition is also met, PSBR for zone 1 and

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

zone 2 of distance element will operate (i.e., output state of [PSBR_Z1/2] is “1”).

Z < [Z_PG1]

&

[En_ZPG1] ≥1

& [Op_Z1]
Z < [Z_PP1]

&

[En_ZPP1]

[PSBR_Z1/2]

[En_ZPG2]

& [t_PG2]
Z < [Z_PG2]

&

≥1 [Op_Z2]

&

Z < [Z_PP2]
& [t_PP2]

[En_ZPP2]

[En_ZPG3]

& [t_PG3]

Z < [Z_PG3]

≥1 [Op_Z3]
Z < [Z_PP3]

& [t_PP3]

[En_ZPP3]

Figure 3.5-7 Logic diagram of distance protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about he description of corresponding settings.

If the logic setting [En_Blinder] is set as “1”, the reach of distance protection will be restricted on a
long line or during heavy load condition.

3.6 Overcurrent Protection

3.6.1 Application
The fault current on long transmission lines depends mostly on the fault position and decreases
with the distance from the generation point. For this reason the protection must operate very
quickly for faults very close to the generation (and protective device) point, for which very high fault
currents are characteristic.

The conventional distance protection can manage the fault clearance of earth-faults in most of the
cases. In some applications, especially applications with long lines, the clearance can be
improved by use of an instantaneous zero-sequence overcurrent protection. Those are for
instance:

1. In the case of high infeed of fault current from the opposite end of the line, this might increase

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

the fault resistance seen by the distance relay to such a value that the instantaneous zone of
the distance protection will not operate.

2. In applications with series compensated lines, where the capacitor is located at the end of the
line and very strong infeed of fault current from that end, will result in a difficult problem for the
distance protection to perform a selective fault clearance. This due to the voltage reversal that
might occur.

3.6.2 Scheme Logic

1. Directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

Directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection consists of two stages zero-sequence

overcurrent elements with directionality. In the case of stage 3, its directional element can be
enabled or disabled by setting the logic setting [En_Dir_ROC3]. When logic setting
[En_Dir_ROC3] is set as “0”, stage 3 of zero-sequence overcurrent protection is no-directional
zero-sequence overcurrent protection

3I0>[I_ROC_FD]
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_FD]
& ROC DIR+
F0+

F0-
& ROC DIR-

T1
3I0Cal > [I_ROC2] & Op_ROC2
&

≥1
T2-500ms 500ms
[En_Dir_ROC3] &

3I0Cal > [I_ROC3]

&
≥1 &
Protective device tripping &
≥1 Op_ROC3
Fault detector
&
[Opt_Dly_ROC3]

Figure 3.6-1 Logic diagram of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

Where:

[I_ROC_FD]: The current setting of zero-sequence overcurrent element

[I_ROC2]: The current setting of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

[I_ROC3]: The current setting of stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

[En_Dir_ROC3]: The logic setting of enabling or disabling directional element of stage 3 of

directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

[Opt_Dly_ROC3]: The logic setting of enabling or disabling accelerate tripping of stage 3 of

directional zero-sequence overcurrent element after the protective device operating

[Op_ROC2]: Operation element of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

[Op_ROC3]: Operation element of stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

T1: [t_ROC2] (the time delay of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection)

T2: [t_ROC3] (the time delay of stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection)

2. Zero-sequence/phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure

When bus VT circuit failure happens, the distance protection will be disabled. As a substitute,
phase overcurrent protection and zero-sequence overcurrent protection will be put into work
automatically in this case if the binary inputs [EBI_DistP] and [EBI_ROC] are energized.

3I0>[I_ROC_FD]
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_FD]
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_VTS]
[t_OC/ROC_VTS]
≥1 Op_OC_VTS
VT circuit failure
&
IP>[I_OC_VTS]

Figure 3.6-2 Logic diagram of zero-sequence/phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.

If the logic setting [Opt_Dly_ROC3] is set as “1”, the stage 3 of directional zero-sequence
overcurrent protection will operate with a time delay of the setting [t_ROC3] before the protective
device trips and the time delay will reduce 500ms after the protective device trips.

All stages of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection are under the control of
zero-sequence overcurrent element, so the current setting for each stage should be greater than
[I_ROC_FD]. For pilot directional zero-sequence protection, the setting [I_ROC_FD] is used as
current setting in the reverse direction and the setting [I_ROC_TeleP] is used as current setting in
the forward direction.

3.7 Switch Onto Fault Protection

When the circuit breaker is closed manually or automatically, it is possible to switch on to an
existing fault. This is especially critical if the line in the remote station is grounded, since the
distance protection and directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection would not clear the fault
until their time delays had elapsed. In this situation, however, the fastest possible clearance is
desired.

The SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to the distance protection
and to the directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection. With the SOTF protection, a fast trip
is achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is being energized. It shall be responsive to

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

all types of faults anywhere within the protected line.

The SOTF protection shall be controlled by an reclosing logic using both voltage and current level
detectors. It shall be enabled for a period when the circuit is energized either manually or via a
auto-reclosing system.

3.7.1 Zero-sequence SOTF Protection

3I0>[I_ROC_FD]
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_FD]

3-Pole AR
≥1
& 100ms 0
Manually closing

& ≥1 Op_ROC_SOTF
3I0Cal > [I_ROC_SOTF]
& 60ms 0
1-Pole AR

Figure 3.7-1 Logic diagram of zero-sequnce SOTF protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about he description of corresponding settings.

Zero-sequence SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay
of 60ms when 1-pole auto-reclosing.

Zero-sequence SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay
of 100ms if 3I0Cal is greater than setting [I_ROC_SOTF] when 3-pole auto-reclosing or closing
manually.

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3.7.2 Distance SOTF Protection

[En_LineVT]
&
1-pole AR or 3-pole AR
&
Z < [Z_PG2]
&

[PSBR_Z1/2]
≥1

&

Z < [Z_PP2]

≥1

&

[En_Z2SOTF_AR3P]
≥1

&
[En_Z3SOTF_AR3P]
10ms
Z < [Z_PG3] &

≥1
≥1 Op_Z_SOTF
Z < [Z_PP3]
≥1 25ms
&

Manually reclosing

3-pole AR

Figure 3.7-2 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection

Please refer to Chapter 7 about he description of corresponding settings.

Zone 3 of distance element for SOTF will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker when
reclosing manually.

Zone 2 and 3 of distance element for SOTF without PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase
circuit breaker if the logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] and [En_Z3SOTF_AR3P] are set as “1”
when 3-pole auto-reclosing.

Zone 2 of distance element for SOTF with PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase circuit
breaker when 1-pole or 3-pole auto-reclosing if the logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] is set as “0”.

3.8 Fault Phase Selection (FPS)

Fault phase selection logic can be implemented by the following methods:

1. Detecting the deviation of operation voltage

2. Detecting the differential current

3. Detecting the phase difference between I0 and I2A

The logic makes the relay ideal for single-phase tripping applications.

3.8.1 FPS Based on Differential Current

The current differential protection of RCS-931 is phase segregated differential protection, so the
operating phase is the fault phase when DPFC current differential element and phase current

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

differential element operate.

3.8.2 FPS Based on Deviation of Operation Voltage

ΔUOPA, ΔUOPB and ΔUOPC: deviation of phase operation voltages.

ΔUOPAB, ΔUOPBC and ΔUOPCA: deviation of phase-to-phase operation voltages.

ΔUOΦMAX=MAX(ΔUOPA, ΔUOPB, ΔUOPC).

ΔUOΦΦMAX=MAX(ΔUOPAB, ΔUOPBC, ΔUOPCA).

If ΔUOΦMAX is several times higher than the other two deviation of phase operation voltages, the
single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multiplex-phase fault is ensured.

Table 3.8-1 The relation between ΔUOΦMAX and fault phase

ΔUOΦMAX or ΔUOΦΦMAX Fault phase

ΔUOPA A phase
ΔUOPB B phase
ΔUOPC C phase
ΔUOPAB AB phase
ΔUOPBC BC phase
ΔUOPCA CA phase

3.8.3 FPS Based on Phase Difference between I0 and I2A

The phase selection algorithm uses the angle relation between I0 and I2A of the relay currents. As
shown in Figure 3.8-1, three regions of fault phase selection is ensured.

Region A
60° -60°

Region B Region C

180°

Figure 3.8-1 The region of fault phase selection

Depended on the phase relation between I0 and I2A,

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When -60º<Arg(I0/I2A)<60º, region A is selected, 60º<Arg(I0/I2A)<180º, region B is selected,

180º<Arg(I0/I2A)<300º, region C is selected.

Table 3.8-2 The relation between Arg(I0/I2A)and fault phase

Arg(I0/I2A) Fault phase

0 A phase or BC phase
120 B phase or CA phase
240 C phase or AB phase

1) For single-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of faulty phase are in-phase.

2) For two-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of non-faulty phase are in-phase.

3.9 Pole Disagreement (PD)

Circuit breaker pole disagreement can occur on the operation of a breaker with independent
operating gears for the three poles. The reason may be an interruption in the trip coil circuits, or a
mechanical failure resulting in a stuck breaker pole. A pole disagreement can be tolerated for a
limited time.

The operation of the contact based pole discordance logic is based on checking the position of the
circuit breaker through six of its auxiliary contacts: three parallel connected normally open
contacts are connected in series with three parallel connected normally closed contacts.

Pole disagreement procedure comprises of the protection of pole disagreement state and switch
onto fault protection. When the following conditions are met, pole disagreement state is ensured
delay 30ms.

1. Trip confirmation

2. [BI_52b_Pha]=1, [BI_52b_Phb]=1, [BI_52b_Phc]=1 and line current is smaller than 0.06IN

3.9.1 PD State by Single-phase Trip

1. Single phase tripping confirmation or any phase [BI_52b_Phx]=1 (x can be a, b or c) and
corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06IN

2. Measuring impedance deviation of power frequency component of non-fault phase and

non-fault phase-to-phase

3. Calculating positive voltage of non-fault phase as polarized voltage of distance protection

4. Measuring current deviation of power frequency component of non-fault phase as condition

to release power swing blocking under pole disagreement

5. When tripped phase current is greater than 0.06IN or corresponding phase [BI_52b_Phx]=0 (x
can be a, b or c), SOTF protection is initiated for 200ms

3.9.2 PD State by Three-phase Trip

1. Three phase tripping confirmation or [BI_52b_Pha]=1, [BI_52b_Phb]=1, [BI_52b_Phc]=1 and
threes currents, IA, IB and IC, are smaller than 0.06IN

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

2. When threes currents, IA, IB and IC, are greater than 0.06IN or [BI_52b_Pha]=0,
[BI_52b_Phb]=0, [BI_52b_Phc]=0, SOTF protection is initiated for 200ms

When pole disagreement state is ensured, corresponding tripped phase-to-ground and

phase-to-phase DPFC distance protection will be disabled. In the case of RCS-931AM, stage 2 of
directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection are disabled and stage 3 of directional
zero-sequence overcurrent protection is not controlled by directional element.

When the primay system is in the single-phasing, three-phase trip signal will be sent with a time
delay of 200ms if the following conditions are met.

1. There are [BI_52_Phx]=1 of two phases

2. The corresponding phases current are smaller than 0.06IN

3. The zero-sequence current is greater than 0.15IN

3.10 Trip Scheme

3.10.1 Intiate Relay Logic

Trip phase A

Trip phase B ≥1 Trigger TJ relay

Trip phase C

Trigger TJABC
&
relay

Fail in single pole

& 200ms 0
tripping

En_3P_Trip

& Three-poles tripping

EBI_Lockout
≥1
AR is not ready for operating
&
Enable AR

&
3-Pole AR

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3.10.2 Phase-selective Trip Logic

Op_DiffP
≥1
Op_Z_DPFC

Op_ROC2
&
[En_ROC2_Blk_AR] ≥1

Op_Z1

Op_Z2 (phase-to-phase) ≥1
&
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] ≥1

Op_Z2 (phase-to-ground)
&
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]

IA>0.06In

& ≥1 & ≥1 Trip Phase A

Select Phase A

IB>0.06In

& ≥1 & ≥1 Trip Phase B

Select Phase B

IC>0.06In

& ≥1 & ≥1 Trip Phase C

Select Phase C

&
Select Multi Phases ≥1

200ms 0
&

&
IP>0.06In
Phase selection failure

When any of the following protection element operates, phase-selective trip will be implemented.

1. Current differential protection

2. DPFC distance protection

3. Zone 1 of distance protection

4. Stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection and logic setting

[En_ROC2_Blk_AR] is set as “0”

5. Zone 2 of distance protection and logic settings [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] and [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]

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 Chapter 3 Protection Description

are set as “0”

3.10.3 Three-phase Trip Logic

IP>0.06In
& Three-phase tripping
SOTF for reclosing manually
≥1
SOTF for auto-reclosing

≥1
1-pole tripping and not dropping off

Op_Perisist1P ≥1
≥1
Op_OC_VTS

Op_Z3
≥1
Op_ROC3

Op_Z2 (phase-to-phase)
& ≥1
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR]

Op_Z2 (phase-to-groud)
&
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]

Op_ROC2
&
[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]

EBI_Lockout

PD and protection element operating ≥1

&
[En_PDP_Blk_AR]

If phase selection element fails and operation element can not drop off, three-pole tripping
command caused by phase selection failure will be sent after 200ms delay.

When any of the following protection element operates, three-phase tripping signal will be sent
directly.

1. Zone 3 of distance protection

2. Stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

3. Zone 2 of distance protection and logic settings [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] and [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]

are set as “1”

4. Stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection and logic setting

[En_ROC2_Blk_AR] is set as “1”

5. SOTF

6. A fault occurs under pole disagreement condition.

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

7. Phase/zero-sequence overcurrent protection during VT circuit failure

8. Phase selection failure after 200ms delay

9. Single phase tripping failure after 200ms delay

10. Single phase operation condition after 200ms delay

Three-phase tripping will be used if two or three phases are selected by the phase selection
element.

Any fault occurs under following conditions, three-phase tripping signal will be sent directly.

1. The logic setting [En_3P_Trip] is set as “1”

2. The binary input [EBI_Lockout] is energized

3. Auto-reclosing is not ready for operating

4. 3-pole auto-reclosing is adopted

3.10.4 Block AR Logic

SOTF for reclosing manually
≥1
SOTF for auto-reclosing

1-pole tripping and not dropping off

Op_Perisist1P ≥1
≥1
Op_OC_VTS

Op_Z3
≥1
Op_ROC3

Op_Z2 (phase-to-phase)
& ≥1
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR]

Op_Z2 (phase-to-groud)
&
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]

Op_ROC2
&
[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]

PD and protection element operating

& ≥1 Initiating blocking relay for AR
[En_PDP_Blk_AR]

[En_PhSF_Blk_AR]
&
Op_PhSelFail

EBI_Lockout ≥1 Blocking AR

VT circuit failure

When a serious fault occurs, auto-reclosing will be blocked under following conditions:

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1. Manual reclosing or auto-reclosing onto a fault phase

2. 1-pole tripping and not dropping off

3. 3-pole tripping during single phase operation

4. Tripping for VT circuit failure

5. Tripping for three-phase fault

6. Three-phase overcurrent protection operating

7. Zone 2 of distance protection operating and logic setting [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] or

[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR] is set as “1”

8. Zone 3 of distance protection operating

9. Stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating and logic setting

[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]

10. Stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection operating

11. Three-pole trip with auto-reclosing blocked can be selected by logic setting
[En_PhSF_Blk_AR], [En_PDP_Blk_AR], [En_MPF_Blk_AR] and [En_3PF_Blk_AR].

3.11 Auto-Reclosing
3.11.1 General Description
To maintain the integrity of the overall electrical transmission system, protective relays are
installed on the transmission system to isolate faulted segments during system disturbances.
Faults caused by lightning, wind, or tree branches could be temporary in nature and may
disappear once the circuit is de-energized. Automatic reclosing systems are put into place to
re-energize and restore the faulted section of the transmission system once the fault is
extinguished (providing it is a temporary fault). For certain transmission systems, reclosing is used
to improve system stability by restoring critical transmission paths as soon as possible.

3.11.2 Design
Auto-reclosing of RCS-931 is one shot mode, which can implement single-pole automatic
reclosing, three-pole automatic reclosing and single-pole and three-pole automatic reclosing.

In any case, auto-reclosing is performed only once. If the fault still exists after reclosing, the line
will be tripped without any future reclosing, in other words, lockout. Only single shot auto-reclosing
during the time from AR initiated to dropped off.

3.11.3 Get Ready

If the circuit breaker is manually closed on a faulty line, the reclosure does not move immediately
to ready status because fault detection picks up. The status will remains 15 second, which is
called reclaim time that is the minimum time required between successive reclose sequences.
After that the reclosure gets ready to operate in case of protection operating to trip breaker. This
feature avoids reclosing on a permanent fault again when the circuit breaker is manually closed.

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Chapter 3 Protection Description

The reclaim time is designated as Tcd in Figure 3.11-1.

To start this reclaiming process, the following conditions should be met in the same time:

 circuit breaker has been closed manually

 circuit breaker is not at open position, binary input [BI_52b_Pha]=0, [BI_52b_Phb] and
[BI_52b_Phc]=0

 protective fault detection described in section 3.2 don’t pick up.

 no bus or line VT circuit failure

 automatic recloing is enabled, logic setting [En_AR]=1

 no lockout signals: binary input [EBI_Lockout]=0 and virtual binary input [VEBI_Lockout]=0

 no low air pressure blocking signal from circuit breaker operating mechanism,
[BI_LowPres_AR]=0

Note!

After circuit breaker is closed, the general fault detector described in section 3.1 may pick
up, which will delay the reclaiming process for about 7 seconds.

Note!

Before auto-reclosure has been initiated, the low pressure blocking signal will be ignored
for 200ms; after auto-reclosure has been initiated, the low pressure blocking signal will be
ignored at all.

Note!

When current differential protection is enabled, at the same time, the optic fibre channel is
normal, automatic reclosing is not blocked if single-pole reclosing is enabled or three-pole
relcosing with no check is enabled, even if VT circuit is failure.

3.11.4 Initiating
After automatic reclosure gets ready, the reclsoing process can be initiated by:

 circuit breaker is changed to open position (binary input [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb] or

[BI_52b_Phc] changes from 0 to 1), whether being tripped by protection or by failure of it’s
operating mechanism without any trip signal.

 Three-pole tripping whether it coming from internal or external is confirmed and the currents
of all three phases shall be checked to confirm that they are all zero.

 Single-pole tripping whether it coming from internal or external is confirmed and any current
of all three phases shall be checked to confirm that it is zero.

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3.11.5 Check Reclosing Conditions

After auto-teclosure has been initiated, if all conditions allowing a breaker closure are not satisfied
when auto-reclosing incomplete sequence time expires, the auto-reclosure will be locked out. This
time is used to set the maximum time interval allowed for a single reclose shot. The conditions
allowing a breaker closure include:

 Synchronism check: logic setting [En_SynChk_AR]=1

 Dead bus or dead line check: logic setting [En_DeadChk_AR] =1

 No conditions: logic setting [En_NoChk_AR] =1

For dead bus check, the bus voltage shall be less than 0.3Un, no matter phase-to-ground or
phase-to-phase voltage is used.

For dead line check, the voltage shall be less than 0.3Un, and no line VT circuit failure happens
( [Alm_VTS_Ux]=0 ), no matter phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase voltage is used.

If the line voltage and bus voltage are both higher than 0.4Un, synchronism could be checked.
The include angle between busbar voltage and line voltage is Φ under normal condition. The
auto-reclosing is permitted if phase angle difference between line voltage and bus voltage is
within the setting range [phi_SynChk_AR].

Criterion: |[φ(Ux)- φ(Ua)]- Φ| < [phi_SynChk_AR]

3.11.6 Reclosing Time Delay

After reclosing conditions are met, a timer is started. The setting of this timer is [t_1P_AR] used for
single-pole reclosing or [t_3P_AR] used for three-pole reclosing. This status is intended to delay
the reclosing of the circuit breaker according to the requirements of the system. One purpose of
this delay is to wait for extinction of a temporary fault arc.

When the timer expires, a reclosing output signal will be issued.

3.11.7 Dwell Time

For the duration of reclosing output signal, a fixed 120ms is adopted. This status is intended to let
the circuit breaker complete the closing operation.

3.11.8 Lockout
Under the following conditions, the auto-reclosure will be locked out.

 auto-recloing is disabled, logic setting [En_AR]=0 or virtual binary input [VEBI_AR]=0

 lockout signals: binary input [EBI_Lockout]=1 or virtual binary input [VEBI_Lockout]=1

 binary input [EBI_Opt1_AR]=1 and [EBI_Opt2_AR]=1 and logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR]=0

 circuit breaker has been tripped manually

 breaker control circuit failure, either trip or closing coils are unhealthy

 pressure blocking signal from circuit breaker operating mechanism, [BI_LowPres_AR]=1

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 switch onto fault (SOTF) protection operates

 1-pole reclosing to the permanent earth faulty line

 transfer trip operates

 bus or line VT circuit fails

 zone 2 phase-to-phase distance element and logic setting [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR]=1

 zone 2 phase-to-ground distance element and logic setting [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]=1

 zone 3 of distance protection

 stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection operates to trip three phases and
logic setting [En_ROC2_Blk_AR] is set as “1”

 stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

 fault phase selection fails and logic setting [En_PhSF_Blk_AR]=1

 pole disagreement with fault and logic setting [En_PDP_Blk_AR]=1

 multi-phase fault happens, and logic setting [En_MPF_Blk_AR]=1

 three-phase fault happens and logic setting [En_3PF_Blk_AR]=1

 reclosing conditions are not met yet till the incomplete sequence time expires.

Whenever all of the listed events disappear, the auto-reclosure will resume normal function.

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3.11.9 Scheme Logic

[BI_52b_Pha]

[BI_52b_Phb] ≥1
&
[BI_52b_Phc]
≥1
[En_CB_Init_AR]

EXT TRP CON (1-Pole)

&
≥1 t_1P_AR
&
INT TRP CON (1-Pole)
≥1
IA, IB or IC<0.06IN
t_3P_AR
EXT TRP CON (3-Pole)
≥1
INT TRP CON (3-Pole)

[BI_52b_Pha]

[BI_52b_Phb] & ≥1
& &
[BI_52b_Phc]
& &

Max (IA, IB, IC)<0.06IN

[En_CB_Init_AR]

[En_3P_AR]
≥1
[En_1/3P_AR]

[En_NoChk_AR]
&

≥1
&
[En_DeadChk_AR]

[En_SynChk_AR]
&
Line VT circuit failure & &
&
Line: UP<30V
≥1
Bus: UP<40V
&
Line: UP>40V

Bus: UP>40V &

SYN

[BI_52b_Pha]

[BI_52b_Phb] ≥1
&
[BI_52b_Phc]
& Tcd 0 0 120ms
Op_AR
Fault detector

&
200ms 0
[BI_LowPres_AR] ≥1

Disable AR

Lockout AR

Figure 3.11-1 Logic diagram of automatic reclosing

Please refer to Chapter 7 about the description of corresponding settings.

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Where:

EXT TRP CON (1-Pole): The single-phase tripping from external

INT TRP CON (1-Pole): The single-phase tripping from internal

EXT TRP CON (3-Pole): The three-phase tripping from external

INT TRP CON (3-Pole): The three-phase tripping from internal

SYN: Synchronism condition

3.12 Transfer Trip And Transfer Signal

RCS-931 can exchange not only current but also binary inputs via communication channel
between two ends of line.

3.12.1 Transfer Trip

Transfer trip is that the tripping signal is sent to the remote end via a communication channel. Due
to using dedicated byte compensation check and bit compensation check during transferring
binary input, it is very reliable. For local end, when binary input [BI_Send_TT] is energized, a
tripping signal will be sent to remote end. For remote end, when such a tripping signal is received,
the status of binary input [BI_Recv_TT] will change from “0” to “1”. The trip signal will result in
tripping directly if logic setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT] is set as “0”, or after local general fault detector
element operates if logic setting [En_FD_Ctrl_TT] is set as “1”, at the same time auto-reclosing
will be locked out.
RX
TX

+DC
Transfer trip

TJA-1
BI BO
Optical fibre TJB-1
Transfer trip
TJC-1
RX

TX

RCS-9XX RCS-9XX

M N

Figure 3.12-1 The sketch diagram of transfer trip

3.12.2 Transfer Signal

Besides the tripping signal, other signals can also be sent to remote end via communication
channel between. For local terminal, when binary input [BI_Send_TS1] or [BI_Send_TS2] is
energized, a binary signal will be sent to remote end. For remote terminal, when such a binary
signal is received, the status of binary input [BI_Recv_TS1] or [BI_Recv_TS1] will change from “0”
to “1”, and corresponding binary output contacts of BO module will close.

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Transfer signal 1
YC1-1

RX
TX
+DC BO

YC1-2
Optical fibre
Transfer signal 1
BI

RX

TX
Transfer signal 2
Transfer signal 2
YC2-1

BO

YC2-2

RCS-9XX RCS-9XX
M N

Figure 3.12-2 The sketch diagram of transfer signal

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 Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

Chapter 4 Automatic Supervision

4.1 General Description

Though the protection system is in non-operating state under normal conditions, it is waiting for a
power system fault to occur at any time and must operate for the fault without fail. When
equipment is in energizing process before the LED “HEALTHY” is on, the equipment need to be
checked to ensure no errors. Therefore, the automatic supervision function, which checks the
health of the protection system when startup and during normal operation, plays an important role.

The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.

In case a fault is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the equipment,
the equipment will be blocked out, which means relay is out of service. Therefore you must
re-energize the relays or reset CPU module by restarting equipment to make relay back into
service.

When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed with an LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. At the same time event recording will record the failure alarm
which can be viewed in event recording report and be printed.

4.2 Understand the Alarms

Hardware circuit and operation condition of the equipment are self-supervised continuously. If any
abnormal condition is detected, information or report will be displayed and a corresponding alarm
will be issued.

A common abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other
functions can still work. However, if serious hardware failure or abnormality were detected, all
protection functions will be blocked and the LED “HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking
signal will be given by contacts output BSJ. The protective device then cannot work normally and
maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.

Note!

If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnose record. If the reason can not be found at site,
please notice the factory NR. Please Do not simply press button “TARGET RESET” on the
protection panel or re-power on the protective device.

Table 4.2-1 Repairmen suggestion for alarms information

No. Item Handing suggestion

1 Alm_Smpl_DSP Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it
2 Alm_Smpl_CPU Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it

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3 Alm_ROM Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it

4 Alm_RAM Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it
5 Alm_EEPROM Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it
6 Alm_Pwr_DC Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it
7 Alm_TrpOut Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it
8 Alm_InvalidGrp Renew setting protection settings
9 Alm_Setting Turn off protective device and inform manufacture to maintain it
10 Alm_VTS Check secondary voltage circuit
11 Alm_PersistI0 Check secondary current circuit
12 Alm_PersistFD Check secondary current circuit
13 Alm_VTS_Ux Check secondary voltage circuit
14 Alm_CTS Check secondary current circuit
15 Alm_52b Check binary input
16 Alm_Pwr_Opto Check DC power supply in the OPT module
17 Alm_BI_ExTrp Check binary input
18 Alm_TT Check binary input
19 Alm_ID_Ch Check protective device in the opposite end of line
20 Alm_Ch Check communication channel
21 Alm_Data_Ch Check load
22 Alm_CRC_Ch Check communication channel
23 Alm_OutDiffP Check communication channel
24 Alm_Xc Check setting [XC1] and [XC0] and route of communication channel
25 Alm_Diff Check CT circuit and communication channel

4.3 Relay Self-supervision

4.3.1 Relay Hardware Check

The DSP, RAM, ROM chips on CPU module are monitored to ensure whether they are damaged
or have errors. If any one of them is detected damaged or having error, equipment will be blocked
and issue alarm [Alm_RAM] and [Alm_ROM].

4.3.2 DC Supply Check

The secondary voltage level of the built-in DC/DC converter is monitored and checked whether
the DC voltage is within a prescribed range.

If a failure is detected in the DC power supply circuit, [Alm_Pwr_DC] alarm will be issued and the
relay will be blocked.

4.3.3 Fault Detector Check

When the zero sequence general fault detector picks up and lasts for longer than 10 seconds, an
alarm [Alm_PersistI0] will be issued without equipment blocked.

When any general fault detector picks up for longer than 10s, an alarm will be issued
[Alm_PersistFD] without equipment blocked.

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4.3.4 Trip Output Circuit Check

Chips controlling the output relays in the output circuit are continually monitored. If any error or
damage is detected in these chips, alarm [Alm_TrpOut] will be given and the relay will be blocked.

4.3.5 Setting Check

RCS-931 series has 30 setting groups, while only one is active at the same time. The settings of
active setting group are checked to ensure they are reasonable. If the settings are checked to be
invalid, an alarm [Alm_Setting] will be issued. Equipment is blocked. At the same time. if there is
any summation error of all setting groups, an alarm [Alm_EEPROM] will be issued, equipment is
also blocked.

If these 30 setting groups are not all set, when the equipment is provided DC power supply first,
an alarm [Alm_InvalidGrp] will be issued. If the secondary rated current of CT (I2n) in equipment
settings is changed and the protection settings is not confirmed or some settings in protection
settings exceed setting range, an alarm [Alm_InvalidGrp] will be issued.

4.3.6 Binary Input Check

If the binary input [BI_Send_TT] is energized and the duration exceed 4s, an alarm [Alm_TT] will
be issued.

If either of the binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] and [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] is energized and the duration
exceed 10s, an alarm [Alm_ExTrp_BI] will be issued.

4.4 AC Input Monitoring

4.4.1 Voltage and Current Drift Monitoring and Auto-adjustion
Zero point of voltage and current may drift influenced by variation of temperature or other
environment factors. The equipment continually automatically traces the drift and adjust it to
normal value.

4.4.2 DSP Sampling Monitoring

AC sampling of DSP chip is monitored and if the samples are detected to be wrong, an alarm
[Alm_Smpl_DSP] will be issued and the relay will be blocked.

4.4.3 CPU Sampling Monitoring

The relay compares the CPU sampling and DSP sampling. In normal condition, the sampling
should be the same for a certain AC input. If a sampling in CPU is detected to be different largely
with that in DSP, an alarm [Alm_Smpl_CPU] will be issued and the relay will be blocked.

4.5 Secondary Circuit Monitoring

4.5.1 Opto-coupler Power Monitoring
Positive power supply of opto-coupler is continually monitored. If an error or damage has occurred,
an alarm [Alm_Pwr_Opto] will be issued.

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4.5.2 Circuit Breaker Monitoring

If the circuit breaker is in open position and there is no current detected in the line, the line will be
considered to be out of service. SOTF protection will be enabled for 400ms.

If three binary inputs, [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are all energized, but there
is still current detected in the line or the states of three binary inputs, [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb]
and [BI_52b_Phc], are different, i.e., the circuit breaker is in pole disagreement, an alarm
[Alm_52b] will be issued after 10s.

4.5.3 Bus VT Circuit Supervision

The purpose of the voltage transformer circuit failure supervision function is to indicate failure in
the measuring voltage from a voltage transformer. When a fault occurs in the secondary circuit of
the voltage transformer (VT), the voltage dependent measuring elements may operate incorrectly.
RCS-931 incorporates a VT failure supervision function (VTS) as a countmeasure against such
incorrect operation.

In normal operation program of the RCS-931, the phasor summation of bus three phase voltage is
checked frequently, if this phasor summation detected is higher than 0.08Un and fault detection
element does not operate, VTS will, after 1.25s, output an alarm [Alm_VTS].

If the phasor summation detected is lower than 0.08Un but the bus positive voltage 3U1 is less
than Un, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when logic setting [En_LineVT] is set
to “0”, otherwise, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when circuit breaker is
closed ([BI_52b_Pha]=0, [BI_52b_Phb]=0, [BI_52b_Phc]=0) or there is current existing on line.

In this case VTS will also:

 to disable distance protection

 to enable phase overcurrent protection and zero-sequence overcurrent protection especially

for this case as a substitute

 to release direction guard of stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

 to disable auto-reclosing element

 to disable stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

 to increase the threshold of DPFC distance element to 1.5UN

Resetting of all the above measures and resetting of the display and alarm are automatically
performed 10s after all three phases voltage resume to normal condition.

4.5.4 Line VT Circuit Supervision

If the line voltage is used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or dead line check, the line voltage
is monitored.

If the line circuit breaker is in closed state ([BI_52b_Pha]=0, [BI_52b_Phb]=0, [BI_52b_Phc]=0),

but the line voltage is lower than 0.4Un, it means that line VT circuit fails and an alarm
[Alm_VTS_Ux] will be issued after 10s.

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If auto-reclosing is disabled, or the logic settings [En_SynChk_AR] and [En_DeadChk_AR] are

set to “0”, line voltage is not needed to be connected and line voltage transformer circuit failure
supervision will be disabled.

When line voltage transformer circuit failure is detected, function of synchronism check and dead
line check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled.

After line voltage resumes to normal condition, the alarm and its subsequences will be reset
automatically after 10s.

4.5.5 CT Circuit Supervision

The main purpose of the current transformer (CT) circuit failure supervision function is to detect
faults in the secondary circuits of CT and avoid influence on the operation of corresponding
protection functions. This function will be processed all the time, whether general fault detection
picks up or not.

The protective device gains zero-sequence current from two sources, which is either measured
via a neutral current input transformer (measured zero-sequence current: 3I0) or derived internally
from the summation of three-phase currents (calculated zero-sequence current: 3I0Cal).

If 3I0 is less than 0.75 times 3I0Cal or 3I0Cal is less than 0.75 times 3I0, after 200 ms, an alarm
[Alm_CTS] will be issued.

If 3I0Cal exists (3I0>0.1In) but 3U0Cal derived is nearly zero (3U0Cal<0.03Un) and there is a phase
whose current is zero at least, after 10s, an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be issued.

When CT circuit failure is detected, CTS will have the following influence on protection.

 to disable zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector element

 to disable stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

 to release direction guard of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection

3U0Cal: zero-sequence voltage calculated depending on the summation of UA, UB and UC. (i.e.,
3U0Cal=UA+UB+UC)

Note!

Un is phase-to-phase secondary rated voltage of VT.

4.6 Communication Channel Supervision

Settings [ID_Local] and [ID_Remote] are used to identify the equipments installed on two
terminals of the same line. If ID_Remote received isn’t the same as setting [ID_Remote], after
300ms, an alarm [Alm_ID_Ch] will be issued and persist for 1s.

When differential protection is disabled and persists for 400ms, an alarm [Alm_Ch] will be issued
and persist for 3s.

If no correct data is received within 100ms, after that, an alarm [Alm_Data_Ch] will be issued and

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persist for 1s.

If 40 frame messages are failed in CRC check within 1s, an alarm [Alm_CRC_Ch] will be issued.

If differential current is greater than 0.1In and 80 percent of differential current is greater than
capacitive current calculated , an alarm [Alm_Xc] will be issued after 400ms delay.

4.7 Differential Protection Check

If the differential current is higher than low current setting of current differential protection [I_L_Diff]
for 10s, an alarm [Alm_Diff] will be issued and persist for 10s.

When protective fault detection picks up, if any of these alarms including [Alm_ID_Ch],
[Alm_Data_Ch], [Alm_CRC_Ch], [Alm_Diff] and [Alm_Ch] is issued, the current differential
protection will be blocked and an alarm [Alm_OutDiffP] will be issued.

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Chapter 5 Metering and Recording

5.1 Metering
RCS-931 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The relay samples
24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS value in each interval and updated the LCD display in
every 0.5 second. The measurement data can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or
on the local via software RCSPC or remote PC. Navigate the menu to view the sampling value
through LCD screen. Access path in menu is:

MENU
1: VALUES VALUES
2: REPORT
1: DSP METERING
3: PRINT
2: CPU METERING
4: SETTINGS
3: PHASE ANGLE
5: CLOCK
4: BI STATE
6: VERSION
5: COMM CH
0: EXIT
0: EXIT

Figure 5.1-1 Access path in menu tree for VALUES

1. RMS Values

Measured directly

 Magnitude of phase voltage (Ua, Ub, Uc)

 Magnitude of line phase voltage (UX)

 Magnitude of phase current (Ia, Ib, Ic)

 Magnitude of zero sequence current 3I0 (directly measured)

Received via optic fibre channel

 Magnitude of phase current coming from the other end (Ioa, Iob, Ioc)

Calculated by DSP

 Differential current (Ida, Idb, Idc)

Access path: Press key “▲” to enter main menu firstly. Select the item “VALUES“ and press key
“ENT” to enter submenu “CPU METERING“ or “MON METERING”, and then press key “ENT”.
The corresponding metering values mentioned above are displayed on the LCD.

2. Phase angle

Measured directly

 Phase angle of (Ua-Ub, Ub-Uc, Uc-Ua)

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Chapter 5 Metering and Recording

 Phase angle of (UX-Ua)

 Phase angle of (Ua-Ia, Ub-Ib, Uc-Ic)

Received via optic fibre channel

 Phase angle of (Ia-Ioa, Ib-Iob, Ic-Ioc)

Access path: Press key “▲” to enter main menu firstly. Select the item “VALUES” and press key
“ENT” to enter submenu “PHASE ANGLE”, and then press key “ENT”. The corresponding phase
angles mentioned above are displayed on the LCD.

5.2 Recording
5.2.1 General Description
The RCS-931 provides the following recording functions:

 Event recorder

 Disturbance recorder

These records are displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local or remote PC.
Navigate the menu to view the report through LCD screen. Access path in menu is:

MENU
1: VALUES
2: REPORT REPORT
3: PRINT
1: TRP REPORT
4: SETTINGS
2: ALM REPORT
5: CLOCK
3: BI CHG REPORT
6: VERSION
4: MISC REPORT
0: EXIT
0: EXIT

Figure 5.2-1 Access path in menu tree for REPORT

5.2.2 Event Recorder

5.2.2.1 General Description

Event recorder includes abnormal report, change of binary input report, miscellaneous report and
channel status report. The equipment can store 64 records of each kind for abnormal report and
change of binary input report, 256 records of each kind for miscellaneous report and channel
status report in non-volatile memory.

5.2.2.2 Self-supervision Report

The protective device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or
anbnormal condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be
logged in event recorder.

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5.2.2.3 Status Change of Binary Input Report

When there is binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged as an event recorder.

5.2.2.4 Miscellaneous Report

If operator implements some operation, such as reboot protective device, modify setting, and so
on, they will be logged as an event recorder.

5.2.3 Disturbance Recorder

5.2.3.1 Application

Use the disturbance recorder to achieve a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. An
analysis of the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing
equipment. This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.

5.2.3.2 Design

Disturbance recorder is consisted of fault report and fault waveform. Disturbance recorder is
initiated by fault detector element.

Disturbance recorder have two types:

1. Fault detector element picks up with operation of protective element

2. Fault detector element picks up without operation of protective elements.

5.2.3.3 Capacity and Information of Fault Report

The protective device can store up to 64 records of fault report in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 64 faults have been stored, the oldest fault report is overwritten by the latest
one.

For each fault report, the following items are included:

 Sequence number

Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the fault report and displayed on LCD
screen.

 Date and time of fault occurrence

The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via GPS if connected.
Initiating date and time is the moment when a protective fault detection operates.

 Operating time

An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the report.

 Faulty phase

 Fault location

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In order to get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:

1) Positive sequence line reactance [X1L]

2) Positive sequence line resistance [R1L]

3) Zero sequence line reactance [X0L]

4) Zero sequence line resistance [R0L]

5) Line length in km [LineLength]

 protective elements

For the details of designation of each protective element, please refer to section 8.3.2 Display
tripping report

5.2.3.4 Capacity and Information of Fault Waveform

The protective device can store up to 24 fault waveforms including current, voltage and so on and
file format is compatible with COMTRADE.

The equipment can save 24 pieces of fault waveform oscillogram. If a new fault occurs when 24
fault waveform records have been stored, the latest waveform record overwrites the oldest one.
The equipment stores actual samples that are taken at a rate of 24 samples per cycle.

The recording time before fault detection initiation is fixed at 2 cycles (40 ms at 50Hz). The
recording time after fault detector initiation is fixed at 6 cycles (120 ms at 50Hz) without protection
operation or with protection operation within 6 cycles. If any protection element operates after 6
cycles, then the recording time will be prolonged to another 8 cycles (160ms at 50Hz) in order to
show continuous 8 cycle waveform after the protection element operates.

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Chapter 6 Hardware Description

6.1 General
RCS-931 is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for panel flush mounting. Components mounted on
its front include a 128×64 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 8 LED indicators, a signal reset
button, a 9 pin connector for communication with PC and a 15 pin connector for analog quantity
inputs by HELP-90A during commissioning. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the
equipment for these functions. Shown as Figure 6.1-1 front view of RCS-931.

HEALTHY

VT ALARM

RCS-931 AR READY

GRP
LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY CH ALARM

TRIP A ENT

ESC
TRIP B

TRIP C

RECLOSE
NR ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.

TARGET RESET

Figure 6.1-1 Front view of RCS-931

The 8 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), VT supervision (VT ALARM),
auto-reclosing reclaimed (AR READY), channel supervision (CH ALARM), protection operates
(TRIP A, TRIP B and TRIP C), auto-reclosing operates (RECLOSE). A button of target reset is
below these indicators.

As to buttons of the keypad, ENT is “enter”, GRP is “group number” and ESC is “escape”.

PWR AI LPF CPU COM BI BI SIG BO BO BO

ON

OFF

Figure 6.1-2 Rear view of RCS-931

RCS-931 comprises following 11 plug-in modules. Figure 6.1-2 is rear view of the equipment and
shows disposition of these modules.

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Chapter 6 Hardware Description

Table 6.1-1 Hardware configuration

Slot No. New ID Old ID Description

1 PWR DC DC power supply
2 AI AC AC current and voltage input
3 LPF LPF Low-pass filter
4 CPU CPU Control nucleus of the equipment
5 COM COM Communication interface
6 SIG SIG Signal module
7 BI OPT1 Binary input opto-coupler module (LV)
8 BI OPT2 Binary input opto-coupler module (HV)
9 BO OUT1 Output module
A BO OUT2 Output module
B BO OUT Output module

The second BO module and the third BO module are optional.

6.2 Plug-in Modules

6.2.1 DC Power Supply Module (Slot 1 PWR)
DC power supply from DC panel should be connected to terminal 101 (+) and terminal 102 (-).
The voltage level can be 250V, 220V, 125V or 110V depended on different requirement. Please
declare voltage level of PWR module when ordering. DC power supply can be converted into
three voltage levels +5V, ±12V and +24V to be used by other modules of protective device
through interference filter, power switch on the rear and DC-to-DC converter. Terminal 104 (+) and
terminal 105 (-) output 24V as power supply of LV BI module if it is used. Terminal 106 is surge
ground. Table 6.2-1 lists the pin number and its definition of PWR module.

Table 6.2-1 Terminal definition of PWR module

Terminal No. Definition

101 Positive polarity of DC power supply
102 Negative polarity of DC power supply
103 Blank
104 Positive polarity of DC power supply for opto-coupler
105 Negative polarity of DC power supply for opto-coupler
106 Ground

6.2.2 AC Input Module (Slot 2 AI)

IA, IB, IC and 3I0 are phase current and zero sequence current input to AI module separately with
rating 5 A or 1 A. Please declare which kind of AI module is needed before ordering. Terminal 201,
203, 205 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.

3I0 derived is used for calculation of zero-sequence directional element and zero-sequence
overcurrent element, but 3I0 measured is used for zero-sequence current fault detector element.
So 3I0 measured shall be connected to the equipment, otherwise all relevant zero sequence

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current protection will be disabled. Maximum linear range of the current converter is 30In. Table
6.2-2 lists the pin number and its definition of AI module.

Table 6.2-2 Terminal definition of AI module

Terminal No. Definition

201 The current of phase A (IA Polarity mark)
202 The current of phase A (IA')
203 The current of phase B (IB Polarity mark)
204 The current of phase B (IB')
205 The current of phase C (IC Polarity mark)
206 The current of phase C (IC')
207 Zero-sequence current (3I0 Polarity mark)
208 Zero-sequence current (3I0')
209 The voltage of phase A (UA)
210 The voltage of phase B (UB)
211 The voltage of phase C (UC)
212 The voltage of neutral (UN)
213 The voltage of line VT (UX)
214 The voltage of line VT (UX')
215 Ground

UA, UB, and UC are phase voltage input to AI module. UX is the line voltage and used for
synchronism check, it could be any phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase voltage, and
terminal 213 is the polarity mark. If the auto-recloser is disabled or enabled but without any check,
the voltage UX should be disconnected. Terminal 215 is ground point. It shall be connected to
ground bus.

6.2.3 Low-pass Filter Module (Slot 3 LPF)

This module is used to filter high frequency disturbance from the AI module, regulate the input
level and used as an interface between the equipment and dedicated test instrument HELP-90A
developed by NR.

From AI Module Adder Low-pass filter Measurement in CPU

From Test Device Adder Low-pass filter Measurement in DSP

Figure 6.2-1 Block diagram of module LPF module

6.2.4 CPU Module (Slot 4 CPU)

Module CPU, control nucleus of the equipment, comprises monolithic micro controller CPU and
digital signal processor DSP. CPU finishes the following functions:

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Chapter 6 Hardware Description

CPU

RX

TX

Figure 6.2-2 Rear view of CPU module

 General fault detection

 Event recorder, fault oscillograph recorder (could be printed via serial port)

 Print and communication with man-machine interface

 Communication with the host of SCADA system of the substation

DSP finishes the following functions:

 Algorithm and logic of protection

Sampling rate of the equipment is 24 point per cycle. Parallel real time data is calculated for
algorithm and logic of protection at every sampling point. So very high inherent reliability and
security are ensured to the equipment.

An optical transceiver is installed in this module. It exchanges AC current data and status signal
with remote end via 64 Kbit/s or 2048kbit/s dedicated optical channel or multiplex PCM
equipment.

6.2.5 Communication Interface Module (Slot 5 COM)

Module COM performs connection between the equipment and the SCADA system or RTU. Three
types are available.

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 Chapter 6 Hardware Description
1 RS-485 1A
To supervisory system
2 RS-485 1B
COM 3 RS-485 1GND
4 RS-485 2A
To supervisory system
5 RS-485 2B
6 RS-485 2GND PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4

7 RS-485 A
To GPS for clock synchronism
8 RS-485 B
Type RS-485 RS-485 RS-485 RS-485/RS-232
9 RS-485 GND
10 Printer RX
To printer or controller
11 Printer TX Physical Layer Twisted pair wire Twisted pair wire Twisted pair wire Twisted pair wire
12 Printer Ground

Figure 6.2-3 Rear view of type A and external connections of COM module

Op.Fib.RX1
Optic Fibre
To supervisory system
COM
Op.Fib.TX1
RX

TX Op.Fib.RX2
Optic Fibre PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4
To supervisory system
RX
Op.Fib.TX2
TX Type RS-485 RS-485 RS-485 RS-485/RS-232

Physical Layer Optic fibre Optic fibre Twisted pair wire Twisted pair wire

1 RS-485 A
To GPS for clock synchronism
2 RS-485 B
3 RS-485 GND
4 Printer RX
To printer or controller
5 Printer TX
6 Printer Ground

Figure 6.2-4 Rear view of type B and external connections of COM module
Ethernet 1 To supervisory system
10/100 TX
Ethernet 2 To supervisory system
COM 10/100 TX
Ethernet 3 To supervisory system
10/100 TX
Ethernet 4
To supervisory system PORT 1 PORT 2 PORT 3 PORT 4 PORT 5 PORT 6 PORT 7
10/100 TX

RS-485/
Type Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet RS-485 RS-485
RS-232
1 RS-485A
To supervisory system
2 RS-485B
Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair Twisted pair
3 RS-485GND Physical Layer
wire wire wire wire wire wire wire
4 RS-485A
To GPS for clock synchronism
5 RS-485B
6 RS-485GND
7 Printer RX
To printer or controller
8 Printer TX
9 Printer Ground

Figure 6.2-5 Rear view of type E and external connections of COM module

All ports used to communicate with SAS support IEC60870-5-103 protocol, moreover, Ethernet
port in COM modules of type 5E also supports IEC61850. From Figure 6.2-3 to Figure 6.2-5
shows rear view of these types and their external connections.

All type are equipped with a RS-485 port for receiving second pulse signal (PPS-pulse per second)
from GPS and a port for printer. Printer port could be configured as RS-232 or RS-485 by setting
corresponding jumpers on the PCB (RS-232 default). If logic setting [En_Net_Print] is set to “1” ,
printer port must be set as RS-485. Transmission rate of printer port can be set by the setting
[Printer_Baud] and should be the same with baud rate of the printer.

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Chapter 6 Hardware Description

Note!

For the port used to printer or controller, it can be configured as RS-485 or RS-232 by
setting corresponding jumper of module COM. The port is configured as RS-232 by
shorting PIN 1 and PIN 2 and as RS-485 by shorting PIN 2 and PIN 3. As shown in Figure
6.2-6

PIN 1 PIN 2 PIN 3

RS-485 RS-232

Figure 6.2-6 Print Port Configuration

There are three options to finish time synchronization:

1. Receiving PPS (pulse per second) and PPM (pulse per minute) via external contact

2. Receiving IRIG-B signal via RS-485

3. Receiving time synchronization message from substation automatic system

6.2.6 Opto-coupler Module (Slot 6 BI)

Terminal No. Binary input Terminal No. Binary input
601 BI_Pulse_GPS 616 Blank
602 BI_Print 617 BI_ExTrp1P_AR
603 BI_BlkComm 618 BI_ExTrp3P_AR
604 BI_RstTarg 619 BI_Reserved
605 EBI_DiffP 620 BI_Reserved
606 EBI_DistP 621 BI_Reserved
607 EBI_ROC 622 BI_52b_Pha
608 EBI_Opt1_AR 623 BI_52b_Phb
609 EBI_Opt2_AR 624 BI_52b_Phc
610 EBI_Lockout 625 BI_LowPres_AR
611 BI_Reserved 626 BI_Send_TT
612 BI_Reserved 627 BI_Send_TS1
613 Blank 628 BI_Send_TS2
614 Power supply (+) 629 BI_Reserved
615 Power supply (-) 630 Blank

1. Terminal 614

The positive pole of opto-coupler, which should be connected with the positive pole of DC power
supply (Terminal 104). It is used to supervise whether DC power supply is normal or not. The
positive pole of DC module should be connected to common of all binary inputs.

2. Terminal 615

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The negative pole of opto-coupler, which should be connected with the negative pole of DC power
supply (Terminal 105).

3. Terminal 601

Binary input: [BI_Pulse_GPS]

It is used to receive clock synchronism signal from GPS or other equipment used clock
synchronism, the binary input [BI_Pulse_GPS] will change from “0” to “1” once per second or per
minute depended on the setting [GPS_Pulse]. When setting [GPS_Pulse] is set to “1”, the
equipment receives PPM (pulse per minute), otherwise, receives PPS (pulse per second). Clock
synchronism via RS-485 bus is recommended. Only one of them can be selected.

4. Terminal 602

Binary input: [BI_Print]

It is used to manually to trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_Auto_Print]=0. The printer button is located on the panel
usually. If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_Auto_Print]=1), report will
be printed automatically as soon as it is formed.

5. Terminal 603

Binary input: [BI_BlkComm]

It is used to block monitoring direction communication when the protective device is maintained. A
link located on the panel is used for that. When the equipment is in maintenance or
commissioning status, this link should be closed. All of the reports will not be sent via
communication port then, but local displaying and printing are still working. This link should be
open during normal operation condition.

6. Terminal 604

Binary input: [BI_RstTarg]

It is used to manually reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by
pressing a button on the panel or by remote command via communication channel.

7. Terminal 605

Binary input: [EBI_DiffP]

It is used to enable current differential protection.

8. Terminal 606

Binary input: [EBI_DistP]

It is used to enable distance protection.

9. Terminal 607

Binary input: [EBI_ROC]

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Chapter 6 Hardware Description

It is used to enable zero-sequence overcurrent protection.

10. Terminal 608

Binary input: [EBI_Opt1_AR]

It is used to select mode of auto-reclosing through switch associated with binary input
[EBI_Opt2_AR] when logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set as “0”.

11. Terminal 609

Binary input: [EBI_Opt2_AR]

It is used to select mode of auto-reclosing through switch associated with binary input
[EBI_Opt1_AR] when logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set as “0”.

Table 6.2-3 shows the relation between the state of binary input and AR mode.

Table 6.2-3 The option of AR mode

Terminal Binary input 1-pole AR 3-pole AR 1/3-pole AR OFF

618 [EBI_Opt1_AR] 0 1 0 1
620 [EBI_Opt2_AR] 0 0 1 1

When binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and [EBI_Opt2_AR] are both energized, auto-reclosing is
disabled of the protective device but selection of faulty phase is still valid. When logic setting
[En_SetOpt_AR] is set to “1”, the binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and [EBI_Opt2_AR] are disabled.

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101/104 Power supply (+)

102/105 Power supply (-)

+ 614 Positive pole of DC (+)

- 615 Negative pole of DC (-)

601 BI_Pulse_GPS

602 BI_Print

603 BI_BlkComm

604 BI_RstTarg

605 EBI_DiffP

606 EBI_DistP

607 EBI_ROC

608 EBI_Opt1_AR

609 EBI_Opt2_AR

610 EBI_Lockout

617 BI_ExTrp1P_AR

618 BI_ExTrp3P_AR

622 BI_52b_Pha

623 BI_52b_Phb

624 BI_52b_Phc

625 BI_LowPres_AR

626 BI_Send_TT

627 BI_Send_TS1

628 BI_Send_TS2

Internal connected

Figure 6.2-7 External connections of BI module

12. Terminal 610

Binary input: [EBI_Lockout]

It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as busbar
protection or breaker failure protection and so on. The auto-reclosing is blocked and 3-pole
tripping command is sent when it is energized even if single-phase fault occurs in the line.

13. Terminals 617

Binary input: [BI_ExTrp1P_AR]

It is common connected with single-phase tripping contact from other protective device, such as

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line protection. Auto-relcosing will be initiated when it is energized.

1. Terminal 618

Binary input: [BI_ExTrp3P_AR]

It is common connected with three-phase tripping contact from other protective device, such as
line protection. Auto-relcosing will be initiated when it is energized.

2. Terminal 622

Binary input: [BI_52b_Pha]

It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase A of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.

3. Terminal 623

Binary input: [BI_52b_Phb]

It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.

4. Terminal 624

Binary input: [BI_52b_Phc]

It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.

5. Terminal 625

Binary input: [BI_LowPres_AR]

It is connected with auxiliary contact of circuit breaker, which is used to supervise closing pressure
of circuit breaker. The auto-reclosing will be blocked after 200ms when it is energized. If
auto-reclosing of protective device is disabled, it need not be connected.

6. Terminal 626

Binary input: [BI_Send_TT]

It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as breaker failure
protection. It is used to transfer tripping signal and trip remote circuit breaker through the channel.

7. Terminal 627

Binary input: [BI_Send_TS1]

It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as breaker failure
protection. It is used to transfer signal and trip remote circuit breaker through the channel
associated with auxiliary criterion of other protective device, for example, RCS-925 voltage relay.

8. Terminal 628

Binary input: [BI_Send_TS2]

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It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as breaker failure
protection. It is used to transfer signal and trip remote circuit breaker through the channel
associated with auxiliary criterion of other protective device, for example, RCS-925 voltage relay.

Figure 6.2-7 shows external connections of LV BI module.

6.2.7 Opto-coupler Module (Slot 7 BI)

The second BI module is optional module, only if binary inputs provided by the first BI module are
not met project requirement, the second BI module can taken as reserve. Please declare firstly
before ordering.

Note!

Pin 701 is not connected with Pin 717 and Pin 711 is not connected with Pin 727 inside of
BI module. Hence, Once the module is used, Pin 701 and 717 should be both connected
to positive pole of power supply and Pin 711 and 727 should be both connected to
negative pole of power supply.

The binary inputs connected to the second BI module should be not connected to the first
BI module again and vice versa.

6.2.8 Signal Relay Module (Slot 8 SIG)

There are no connections in the SIG module, which is used to convert 5V signal to 24V signal via
triode to drive relay.

6.2.9 Output Relay Module (Slot 9 BO)

Figure 6.2-8 shows output contacts and corresponding terminals provided by this module.

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Local signal Transfer signal 1

BO_Fail_1
02 10
BO_Alm_Abnor_1 BO_Alm_Ch_1
03 12
BO_Trp BO_Recv1_TS_1
04 14
BO_Cls
05 16
BO_Recv1_TS_2
01 18

Transfer signal 2 Auto-reclosing 1

11 BO_Trp1P_1
BO_Alm_Ch_2 20
13 BO_Trp3P_1
BO_Recv2_TS_1 21
09 BO_BlkAR_1
22
15
BO_Recv2_TS_2 19
17
Auto-reclosing 2

Load Shedding BO_Trp1P_2

24
BO_Trp1p_3 BO_Trp3P_2
28 25
BO_Trp3P_3 BO_BlkAR_2
29 26
BO_BlkAR_3
30 23

27 Remote signal

BO_Fail_2
07
BO_Alm_Abnor_2
08

06

Figure 6.2-8 Output contacts and terminals of BO module

For local signal, they are magnetic latching signals, so they can be reset by pressing “TARGET
RESET” button to energize binary input [BI_RstTarg] or reset command from SAS via
communication channel.

When DC power supply of protective device is lost or there is internal fault occurs in the protective
device, protective device will be blocked. Failure alarm signal will be issued by closing the
normally closed contact BO_Fail_1, BO_Fail_2 and BO_Fail_3.

When protective device is in abnormal condition but still running, such as VT circuit failure, CT
circuit failure, and so on, protective device is not blocked. Abnormal alarm signal will be issued by
closing the normally open contact BO_Alm_Abnor_1 and BO_Alm_Abnor_2.

When there is any protective element operating to trip three-phase circuit breaker or single-phase
circuit breaker, trip signal will be issued by closing the normally open contact BO_Trp1P_1,
BO_Trp1P_2 and BO_Trp1P_3. BO_Trp1P_1 and BO_Trp1P_2 can be used to initiate
auto-reclosing of other protective device by connecting with binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR].

When there is any protective element operating to trip three-phase circuit breaker, trip signal will
be issued by closing the normally open contact BO_Trp3P_1, BO_Trp3P_2 and BO_Trp3P_3.
BO_Trp3P_1 and BO_Trp3P_2 can be used to initiate auto-reclosing of other protective device by
connecting with binary input [BI_ExTrp3P_AR].

When the conditions that is used to block auto-reclosing is met, the normally open contact
BO_Lockout_1, BO_Lockout_2 and BO_Lockout_3 will be closed, for example, zone 2 of

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phase-to-phase distance element operating.

Transfer signal relay retransmits transfer signals and provides two normally open contacts
respectively. When the binary input [VBI_Recv1_TS] or [VBI_Recv2_TS] is energized, these
contacts BO_Recv1_TS_1 and BO_Recv1_TS_2 or BO_Recv2_TS_1 and BO_Recv2_TS_2 will
be closed.

Channel alarm relay outputs channel alarm signal and provides two normally open contacts.
When the protective device does not receive the signal from remote end, data frame is abnormal
during data transmission, the settings related with channel of protective device on both ends are
wrong, including [Equip_ID], [ID_Local], [ID_Remote] and [En_InnClock], or error rate of channel
is greater than 0.1%, these contacts will be closed.

6.2.10 Output Relay Module (Slot A BO)

Figure 6.2-9 shows output contacts and corresponding terminals provided by this module.

Trip Output 1 Trip Output 2

BO_TrpA_1 BO_TrpA_2
05 08

BO_TrpB_1 BO_TrpB_2
07 10

BO_TrpC_1 BO_TrpC_2
09 12

02 04

Trip Output 3 Trip Output 4

BO_TrpA_3 BO_TrpA_4
19 23
BO_TrpB_3 BO_TrpB_4
21 25
BO_TrpC_3 BO_TrpC_4
22 26

20 24

Remote signal Reclosing 1

BO_TrpA BO_Cls_1
15 11
BO_TrpB
17
BO_TrpC
18 01

16 Reclosing 2

BO_Cls_3 BO_Cls_2
27 29

28 30

Figure 6.2-9 Output contacts and terminals of BO module

This module output five sets of trip contacts and three sets of AR contacts that are all operate
instantaneously. The first set of trip contact and AR contact are connected to trip coil and closing
coil of CZX respectively. Others are used to send remote signal, fault recorder and initiate BFP.
When there are two circuit breakers to trip, the second set of trip contact and AR contact are used
for the second circuit breaker.

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6.2.11 Output Relay Module (Slot B BO)

When these contacts in the second BO module are not enough to used, another BO module can
be use as a expansion. Additional four sets of trip contacts can be gained. Figure 6.2-10 shows
output contacts and corresponding terminals provided by this module.

Trip Output 5 Trip Output 6

BO_TrpA_5 BO_TrpA_6
05 08
BO_TrpB_5 BO_TrpB_6
07 10
BO_TrpC_5 BO_TrpC_6
09 12

02 04

Trip Output 7 Trip Output 8

BO_TrpA_7 BO_TrpA_8
15 19
BO_TrpB_7 BO_TrpB_8
17 21
BO_TrpC_7 BO_TrpC_8
18 22

16 20

Figure 6.2-10 Output contacts and terminals of BO module

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Chapter 7 Settings
The equipment has 30 setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, equipment parameters are common for
all protection setting groups.

Note!

All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current
by CT ratio. Zero sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.

7.1 Equipment Setup

 overview

Table 7.1-1 Equipment setup

No. Item Range

1 Active_Grp 0~29
2 Comm_Addr 0~254
3 COM1_Baud 4800/9600/19200/38400 bit/s
4 COM2_Baud 4800/9600/19200/38400 bit/s
5 Printer_Baud 4800/9600/19200/38400 bit/s
6 Debug_Baud 4800/9600 bit/s
7 fn 50 Hz or 60 Hz
8 U1n 127 kV~655 kV
9 U2n 57.73 V or 63.5V
10 I1n 0.1 KA~65.535 KA
11 I2n 1 A or 5 A
12 Equip_ID
13 En_Net_Print 0/1
14 En_Auto_Print 0/1
15 Protocol 0/1
16 GPS_Pulse 0/1
17 En_Remote_Cfg 0/1

 Settings Description

1. Active_Grp

Current active group of setting;

Thirty setting groups are provided for selecting, group number from 0 to 29. Equipment setup is
shared for 30 setting groups and only protection settings are independent.

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2. Comm_Addr

Communication address between the equipment with the SCADA or RTU via RS-485;

3. COM1_Baud

Baud rate of rear RS-485 communication port 1;

4. COM2_Baud

Baud rate of rear RS-485 communication port 2;

5. Printer_Baud

Baud rate of printer port;

6. Debug_Baud

Baud rate of front communication port for setting and testing via the software RCSPC;

7. fn

System nominal frequency;

8. U1n

Primary rated voltage of VT;

9. U2n

Secondary rated voltage of VT;

10. I1n

Primary rated current of CT;

11. I2n

Secondary rated current of CT;

12. Equip_ID

The identity of substation or plant;

13. En_Net_Print

“1” means that the printer is shared, otherwise, it should be set to “0”;

14. En_Auto_Print

“1” means that tripping report will be automatically printed after protection operating, otherwise, it
should be set to “0”;

15. Protocol

Communication protocol;

0: IEC-60870-5-103 or IEC-61850

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Depended on COM module, if type 5A or type 5B is used, IEC-60870-5-103 is selected as

communication protocol. If type 5C or type 5D is used, IEC-61850 is selected as communication
protocol.

1: LFP protocol, a proprietary protocol developed by NR

16. GPS_Pulse

“1” means minute pulse for time synchronism, “0” means second pulse for time synchronism.

17. En_Remote_Cfg

“1” means that settings can be remotely configured via SCADA or RTU, otherwise, it should be set
to “0”.

7.2 Protection Settings

All settings of protection are based on secondary ratings of VT and CT.

 Overview

Table 7.2-1 Protection settings

No. Item Remark Range

current setting of DPFC current fault detector
1 I_DPFC_OC_FD 0.1~0.5 A×In
element
current setting of zero sequence current fault
2 I_ROC_FD 0.1~0.5 A×In
detector element
3 Z_DPFC impedance setting of DPFC distance element 0.5~37.5Ω/In
4 K_CT adjustment coefficient of CT ratio 0.25~1.00
high pick-up setting of current differential
5 I_H_Diff 0.1 A~2 A×In
element
6 I_L _Diff low pick-up setting of current differential element 0.1 A~2 A×In
7 I_Diff_CTS differential current setting for CT circuit failure 0.1 A~2 A×In
8 ID_Local the ID of local protective device 0～65535
9 ID_Remote the ID of remote protective device 0～65535
10 K0 zero sequence compensation coefficient 0~2
11 I_OC_PSB current setting for power swing detecting 0.2~2.2 A×In
impedance setting of zone 1 of phase-to-ground
12 Z_PG1 0.05~125Ω/ In
distance element
Impedance setting of zone 2 of phase-to-ground
13 Z_PG2 0.05~125Ω/ In
distance element
time delay of zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance
14 t_PG2 0.01~10 s
element
impedance setting of zone 3 of phase-to-ground
15 Z_PG3 0.05~125Ω/ In
distance element
time delay of zone 3 of phase-to-ground distance
16 t_PG3 0.01~10 s
element
impedance setting of zone 1 of phase-to-phase
17 Z_PP1 0.05~125Ω/ In
distance element

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Impedance setting of zone 2 of phase-to-phase

18 Z_PP2 0.05~125Ω/ In
distance element
time delay of zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance
19 t_PP2 0.01~10 s
element
impedance setting of zone 3 of phase-to-phase
20 Z_PP3 0.05~125Ω/ In
distance element
time delay of zone 3 of phase-to-phase distance
21 t_PP3 0.01~10 s
element
restrict impedance of the reach of distance
22 R_Blinder 0.05~125Ω/ In
element
phase angle of line positive sequence
23 phi1_Reach 55°~89°
impedance
24 phi0_Reach phase angle of line zero sequence impedance 55°~89°
phase shift of zone 1, 2 of phase-to-ground
25 phi_Shift_ZPG 0°, 15°, 30°
distance element
phase shift of zone 1, 2 of phase-to-phase
26 phi_Shift_ZPP 0°, 15°, 30°
distance element
current setting of stage 2 of zero sequence
27 I_ROC2 0.1~20 A×In
overcurrent element
time delay of stage 2 of zero sequence
28 t_ROC2 0.01~10 s
overcurrent element
current setting of stage 3 of zero sequence
29 I_ROC3 0.1~20 A×In
overcurrent element
time delay of stage 3 of zero sequence
30 t_ROC3 0.5~10 s
overcurrent element
current setting of accelerated stage of zero
31 I_ROC_SOTF 0.1~20 A×In
sequence overcurrent element
phase current setting of overcurrent element for
32 I_OC_VTS 0.1~20 A×In
VTS
zero-sequence current setting of overcurrent
33 I_ROC_VTS 0.1~20 A×In
element for VTS
time setting of phase or zero-sequence
34 t_OC/ROC_VTS 0.1~10 s
overcurrent element for VTS
35 t_1P_AR time delay of single-pole auto-reclosing 0.1~10 s
36 t_3P_AR time delay of three-pole auto-reclosing 0.1~10 s
phase difference limit of synchronism check for
37 phi_SynChk_AR 0°~90°
auto-reclosing
38 X1L positive sequence reactance of the line 0.01~655.35Ω/ In
39 R1L positive sequence resistance of the line 0.01~655.35Ω/ In
positive sequence capacitive impedance of the
40 XC1L 40~6000Ω/ In
line
41 X0L zero sequence reactance of the line 0.01~655.35Ω/ In
42 R0L zero sequence resistance of the line 0.01~655.35Ω/ In
43 XC0L zero sequence capacitive impedance of the line 40~6000Ω/ In
44 LineLength total length of the line 0~655.35 km
45 Line_ID number of the line 0~65535

 Settings Description

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1. I_DPFC_OC_FD

Setting step: 0.01A

Setting principle: This value should be greater than maximum variation of load current and
typically 0.2 In. For line with wide variation of load current like those for electric railway, heavy
rolling mill or aluminum-smelting, the setting should be increased properly so that frequent starting
of the equipment could be avoided.

2. I_ROC_FD

Setting step: 0.01A

Setting principle: It shall be greater than maximum zero-sequence unbalance current. Setting it
based on same primary current on both ends.

3. Z_DPFC

Setting step: 0.01Ω

Setting principle: it shall be 80~85% impedance of whole line.

4. K_CT

Setting step: 0.01

The ratio of CTs on two terminals of the line could be different. it could be corrected by setting
[k_CT].

Setting principle: Suppose CT ratio, Terminal M: kM=IM1n : IM2n; Terminal N: is and kN=IN1n : IN2n

IM1n: primary rated current of terminal M, IM2n: secondary rated current of terminal M

IN1n: primary rated current of terminal N, IN2n: secondary rated current of terminal N

If IM1n>= IN1n, then set [k_CT]

Terminal M: [K_CT]=1.00

Terminal N: [k_CT]=IN1n / IM1n

For example:

Terminal M: CT ratio=2500 : 1, its setting [K_CT] is set as “1.0”

Terminal N: CT ratio=1250 : 5, its setting [k_CT] is set as “0.5”

5. I_H_Diff

Setting step: 0.01A

Setting principle: Set it not less than 4 times of capacitance current and usually not less than 0.2
In. Sensitivity of this setting should be checked by short circuit current of internal fault. Equivalent
currents of the settings on both ends should be the same.

6. I_L_Diff

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Setting step: 0.01A

Setting principle: Set it not less than 1.5 times of capacitance current and usually not less than 0.1
In. Sensitivity of this setting should be checked by minimum short circuit current of internal fault.
Equivalent currents of the settings on both ends should be the same.

7. I_Diff_CTS

Setting step: 0.01A

The operating value of the differential protection for VT circuit failure when it is not blocked by
CTS.

8. ID_Local and ID_Remote

Setting step: 1

Used to confirm that equipments at both ends of line are compatible. The end of which setting
[ID_Local] should be same as the [ID_Remote] of the other and the greater [ID_Local] between
the two ends is chosen as a master end for sampling synchronism, the other is a slave end. If the
setting [ID_Local] is set as same as [ID_Remote], that means the equipment in loopback testing
state.

9. K0

Setting step: 0.01

Setting principle: K0 = (Z0L–Z1L)/3Z1L, where Z0L and Z1L are zero and positive sequence
impedance of the line respectively. Actual measurement value is suggested adopted, but
calculated value with 0.05 subtracted from can also be used if there is not actual measurement
value.

10. I_OC_PSB

Setting step: 0.01A

Setting principle: This current setting should be greater than maximum load current of the line.

11. Z_PG1

Setting step: 0.01Ω

Setting principle: Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line and
should be decreased properly for line with mutual inductance.

12. Z_PP1

Setting step: 0.01Ω

Setting principle: Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line.

13. Z_PG2, Z_PG3, Z_PP2, Z_PP3, t_PG2, t_PG3, t_PP2 and t_PP3

Setting principle: Setting of the impedance and time delay of these zones should meet
requirements between various zones and operation should be ensured even for fault at end of the

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line.

14. R_Blinder

Setting step: 0.01Ω

Setting principle: It should be less than the minimum impedance measured during heavy load
conditions

15. phi1_Reach and phi0_Reach

Setting step: 1°

Phase angle of positive and zero sequence impedance of the line. Set as they should be.

16. phi_Shift_ZPG

Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-ground distance element. Recommended value: 30°for
length of the line < 10 km, 15°for length ≥10 km and 0°for length ≥40 km.

17. phi_Shift_ZPP

Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-phase distance element. Recommended value: 30°for
length of the line < 2 km, 15°for length ≥2 km and 0°for length ≥10 km.

18. I_ROC2, t_ROC2, I_ROC3 and t_ROC3

Current settings and time delay of zero-sequence overcurrent elements.

19. I_ROC_SOTF

Setting step: 0.01A

Setting principle: This setting should ensure sufficient sensitivity to ground fault at end of the line.

20. I_OC_VTS

Setting step: 0.01A

Current setting of phase overcurrent element for VTS.

21. I_ROC_VTS

Setting step: 0.01A

Current setting of zero sequence overcurrent element for VTS.

22. t_OC/ROC_VTS

Setting step: 0.01s

Time setting of phase and zero sequence overcurrent elements for VTS.

23. phi_SynChk_AR

Setting step: 1°

Synchronism check angle for auto-reclosing. Permissive difference between busbar voltage and

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line voltage during synchronism check process.

24. t_1P_AR and t_3P_AR

Setting step: 0.01s

Time setting of single-pole and three-pole AR.

25. X1L, R1L, X0L and R0L

Setting step: 0.01Ω

Positive sequence and zero sequence reactance and resistance of the line. Parameter of the
transmission line, used for calculation of fault location.

26. XC1L and XC0L

Setting step: 1Ω

For EHV long line, capacitance current of line is very great, so capacitance current compensation
must be adopted. It is worth of attention that XC1L must be smaller than XC0L. Table 7.2-2 can be
as a reference.

Table 7.2-2 Capacitive impedance and current of overhead per 100KM based on different voltage

Voltage XC1 XC0 Capacitance current

220kV 3700Ω 5260Ω 34A
330kV 2860Ω 4170Ω 66A
500kV 2590Ω 3790Ω 111A
750kV 2242Ω 3322Ω 193A

However, when capacitance current of line is smaller than 0.1In, capacitance current
compensation is disabled automatically. XC1L and XC0L can be set according to the following
rule.

XC1=580Ω (IN=1A), XC0=840Ω (IN=1A)

XC1=116Ω (IN=5A), XC0=168Ω (IN=5A)

If the ratio of CTs on two terminals of the line are different, the terminal setting [K_CT] set to “1”
according to the above rule and the other terminal can be calculated according to CT ratio.

27. LineLength

Total length of the line. The actual total length of the line km, used for calculation of fault location.

28. Line_ID

Number of the line. The actual identification number of the transmission line in site, only used for
printing report.

Note!

For impedance setting, even if some zones of distance element are disabled, these

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settings must meet the following relation:

[Z_PP3]≥[Z_PP2]≥[Z_PP1];

[Z_PG3]≥[Z_PG2]≥[Z_PG1];

Impedance setting of zone 3 of distance element should be sensitive to fault at end of the
line.

Note!

All zero sequence current settings should be greater than that of zero-sequence current
fault detector element. These settings must meet the following relation:

[I_ROC2]≥[I_ROC3]≥[I_ROC_FD];

7.3 Logic Settings

These logic settings are used for configuration of the protective device. Setting “1” means
“enabled”, “valid” or “yes” while “0” means “disabled”, “invalid” or “no”.

 Overview

Table 7.3-1 Logic settings

No. Item Remark

1 En_Z_DPFC enable DPFC distance protection
2 En_DiffP enable current differential current protection
3 En_CTSBlkDiff enable differential protection blocked during CT circuit failure
4 En_InnClock enable inner clock
5 En_FD_Ctrl_TT transfer tripping controlled by local fault detector
6 En_LineVT primary voltage of VT deriving from line voltage
7 En_PSB enable power swing blocking for distance protection
8 En_ZPG1 enable zone 1of phase-to-ground distance element
9 En_ZPG2 enable zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance element
10 En_ZPG3 enable zone 3 of phase-to-ground distance element
11 En_ZPP1 enable zone 1 of phase-to-phase distance element
12 En_ZPP2 enable zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance element
13 En_ZPP3 enable zone 3 of phase-to-phase distance element
14 En_Blinder enable restrict impedance measured of line load
15 En_Z2SOTF_AR3P enable zone 2 distance element for auto-reclosing SOTF
16 En_Z3SOTF_AR3P enable zone 2 distance element for auto-reclosing SOTF
enable direction blocking to stage 3 of zero sequence
17 En_Dir_ROC3
overcurrent element
enable stage 3 of zero sequence overcurrent element for
18 Opt_Dly_ROC3
auto-reclosing SOTF
19 En_3P_Trip enable three-pole tripping mode

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20 En_AR enable auto-reclosing

21 En_SynChk_AR enable synchronism check for auto-reclosing
22 En_DeadChk_AR enable dead bus check or dead line check for auto-reclosing
23 En_NoChk_AR enable no check for auto-reclosing
24 En_CB_Init_AR enable position of circuit breaker to initiate auto-reclosing
enable auto-reclosing blocked when zone 2 of phase-to-phase
25 En_ZPP2_Blk_AR
distance element operating
enable auto-reclosing blocked when zone 2 of
26 En_ZPG2_Blk_AR
phase-to-ground distance element operating
enable auto-reclosing blocked when stage 2 zero-sequence
27 En_ROC2_Blk_AR
overcurrent element operating
enable auto-reclosing blocked when selection of faulty phase
28 En_PhSF_Blk_AR
fails
29 En_PDP_Blk_AR enable auto-reclosing blocked in pole discrepancy condition
30 En_MPF_Blk_AR enable auto-reclosing blocked when multi-phase fault happens
enable auto-reclosing blocked when three-phase fault
31 En_3PF_Blk_AR
happens
32 En_SetOpt_AR enable select auto-reclosing mode by logic setting
33 En_1P_AR enable 1-pole auto-reclosing mode
34 En_3P_AR enable 3-pole auto-reclosing mode
35 En_1/3P_AR enable 1/3-pole auto-reclosing mode

 Settings Description

1. En_Z_DPFC

The DPFC distance element

1: enable

0: disable

For short transmission line, if the secondary value of line impedance is less than 1/IN, DPFC
distance protection should be disabled.

2. En_DiffP

The current differential element

1: enable

0: disable

3. En_CTSBlkDiff

If this setting is set as “1”, current differential protection shall be blocked during CT circuit failure.

4. En_InnClock

If the setting is set to “1”, inner clock is used. Please refer to section 3.4.9.

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5. En_FD_Ctrl_TT

If the setting is set to “1”, transfer tripping controlled by local fault detector. Local trip circuit could
be active by remote command (i.e. [BI_Recv_TT]=1) only when local fault detector initiates. if do
not use transfer tripping, the setting should be set to “1”.

6. En_LineVT

If three-phase voltage used for protection measurement comes from line side (for example, 3/2
breaker), it should be set as “1”. If three-phase voltage comes from busbar side, it should be set
as “0”.

7. En_PSB

The function of power swing blocking for zone 1,2 distance element;

“1”: enable; when power swing occurs, zone 1,2 distance element shall be blocked.

“0”: disable;

8. En_ZPG1, En_ZPG2, En_ZPG3, En_ZPP1, En_ZPP2 and En_ZPP3

The zone 1(2, 3) of phase-to-ground distance element enabled and zone 1(2, 3) of
phase-to-phase distance relay enabled, if these setting are set to “1”, in the same time, virtual
binary input [VEBI_DistP] should be set as “1”. If none of them is met, the distance protection shall
be disabled.

9. En_Blinder

The function of restrict impedance measured of line load

“1”: enable

“0”: disable

Please refer to section 3.5.4.

10. En_Z2SOTF_AR3P, En_Z3SOTF_AR3P

If the setting is set as “1”, zone2, 3 of distance element for auto-reclosing SOTF is enabled. If the
power swing does not occur after reclosing, the corresponding zone of distance protection which
is not controlled by power swing block will trip after a shorter time delay than [t_PG2] or [t_PP2]
and [t_PG3] or [t_PP3].

11. En_Dir_ROC3

If the setting is set as “1”, stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection is controlled
by direction element.

12. Opt_Dly_ROC3

If the setting is set as “1”, stage 3 of zero sequence overcurrent protection for auto-reclosing
SOTF will be enabled.

13. En_3P_Trip

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If it is set as “1”, three-pole tripping will be implemented for any fault but auto-reclosing is not
blocked.

14. En_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, and all conditions of lockout auto-reclosing are not met, auto-reclosing
enabled.

15. En_SynChk_AR

The function of synchronism check for auto-reclosing

1: enable

0: disable

16. En_DeadChk_AR

The function of dead line or dead bus check for auto-reclosing

1: enable

0: disable

17. En_NoChk_AR

The function of no check for auto-reclosing

1: enable

0: disable

[En_SynChk_AR], [En_DeadChk_AR] and [En_NoChk_AR] are valid only when the logic setting
[En_AR] is set as “1”. Please refer to section 3.11.5. They can be used either individually or
combinedly. For example, logic settings [En_DeadChk_AR] and [En_SynChk_AR] can be set as
“1” in the same time.

18. En_CB_Init_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be initiate by position of circuit breaker. Please refer
to section 3.11.4.

19. En_ZPP2_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance element

operating;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

20. and En_ZPG2_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance element

operating;

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“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

21. En_ROC2_Blk_AR

The function of auto-reclosing blocked when stage 2 of zero-sequence overcurrent element

operating;

“1”: enable;

“0”: disable;

22. En_PhSF_Blk_AR

If the settings is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked when selection of faulty phase fails.

23. En_PDP_Blk_AR

If the settings is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked in pole discrepancy condition.

24. En_MPF_Blk_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked when multi-phase fault happens.

25. En_3PF_Blk_AR

If the setting is set as “1”, auto-reclosing will be blocked when three-phase fault happens.

26. En_SetOpt_AR

When the setting is set as “1”, AR mode can be selected by logic settings [En_1P_AR],
single-pole AR, [En_3P_AR], three-pole AR, and [En_1/3P_AR], single-pole and three-pole AR.
Conversely, if it is set as “0”, AR mode can be selected by switch on the panel. Please refer to
Table 6.2-3.

27. En_1P_AR, En_3P_AR and En_1/3P_AR

If these setting are set as “1”, corresponding auto-reclosing mode is selected. Please refer to
setting [En_SetOpt_AR].

7.4 VEBI Settings

Virtual binary input is a kind of special logic setting to enable protection functions. These virtual
binary inputs can be configured through local HMI or remote PC, no matter logic setting
[En_Remote_Cfg] is 1 or not.

Table 7.4-1 Virtual binary input

No. Virtual binary Input Remark

1 VEBI_DiffP enable differential protection
2 VEBI_DistP enable distance protection
3 VEBI_ROC enable zero sequence overcurrent protection
4 VEBI_Lockout enable auto-reclosing blocking

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Except for virtual binary input [VEBI_Lockout], logic relation between these virtual binary inputs
mentioned in the table and corresponding logic setting is AND. If it is set as 1, auto-reclosing will
be locked out. It should be set as 0 generally.

These virtual binary inputs provide a convenient way for the operator to put the function in service
or out of service remotely away from an unattended substation.

7.5 IP Address
The setting is used to set the communication rate of COM module, please see Table 7.5-1 for
details.

Table 7.5-1 IP address

Parameter Setting Range Default Setting Notes/Comments

IP_Addr1 0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255 198.87.118.1 IP Address setting for Ethernet-1
IP_Addr2 0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255 198.87.118.2 IP Address setting for Ethernet-2
IP_Addr3 0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255 198.87.118.3 IP Address setting for Ethernet-3
IP_Addr4 0.0.0.0~ 55.255.255.255 198.87.118.4 IP Address setting for Ethernet-4

COM EQUIP SETUP IP ADDRESS

Type COM1_Baud COM2_Baud IP_Addr1 IP_Addr2 IP_Addr3 IP_Addr4
5A RS-485-1 RS-485-2 Invalid Invalid Invalid Invalid
5B Optic fibre-1 Optic fibre-1 Invalid Invalid Invalid Invalid
5E Don’t modify RS-485 Ethernet-1 Ethernet-2 Ethernet-3 Ethernet-4

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Chapter 8 Human Machine Interface Operation

The user can access the relay from the front panel of the device. Local communication with the
relay is also possible using a computer (PC) with the RCSPC software via an RS232 port on the
front panel. Furthermore, remote communication is also possible using a PC with the RCS-9700
Substation Automation System via an RS485 port.

This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), HMI menu tree and LCD display. At the
same time how to input settings through keypad is described in details.

8.1 Human Machine Interface Overview

8.1.1 Design
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your attention
to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report display on the LCD.
Operator can locate the data of interest by navigate keypad.

The HMI module includes:

No. Item
1 LCD display
2 Status indication LEDs
3 ENT, ESC, GRP and Navigation buttons
4 DB9 port and DB15 port
5 Device type, name and Manufacturer

 The human-machine interface (HMI) LCD display

A 128×64 dot matrix backlight LCD display visible in dim lighting conditions, which is used for
programming, monitoring, fault diagnostics and setting, etc. when there is a trip or alarm condition,
diagnostic messages are displayed.

 The LED

 Numeric keypad and command keys allow for full access to the relay

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Equipment type and name LCD LED Keypad

HEALTHY
VT ALARM
AR READY
RCS-931

GRP
CH ALARM
LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY TRIP A

ESC
TRIP B
TRIP C
RECLOSE

TARGET RESET

Manufactory name Communication port

Figure 8.1-1 Front panel

8.1.2 Navigator Keypad

P

+
GR

ENT
ESC

Figure 8.1-2 Keypad buttons

Pressing any button in idle mode will activate the HMI display.

The “ESC” button mainly provides the following functions:

1. Cancel any operation in a dialogue window.

2. Exit the present level in the menu tree. This means, it cancels the present function or the
present menu selection and moves one step higher (back) in the menu tree.

The “ENT” button mainly provides an Enter/Execute function. It activates, for example, the
selected menu tree branch. Further it is used to confirm settings and to acknowledge different
actions.

The “GRP” button mainly provides the function of change active setting group.

The left and right arrow buttons (“◄” and “►”) mainly provides the following functions:

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1. Position the cursor in a horizontal direction, for instance, to move between digits in a number
during the parameter setting.

The up and down arrow buttons (“▲” and “▼”) mainly provides the following functions:

1. Move between leafs within the same menu branch.

The plus and minus button (“+” and “-”) mainly provides the following functions:

1. Change parameter values in a data window

2. Change number of report that wanted to be displayed or printed

Note!

Any setting change operation should start with simply pressing “+”, “◄”, “▲”,and “-” in
sequence, as a password. Without the operation, modifying settings is invalid.

Report delete operation should executed by pressing “+”, “-”, “+”, “-”, “ENT” in sequence
after exiting the main menu.

8.1.3 LED Indicator

HEALTHY

VT ALARM

AR READY

CH ALARM

TRIP A

TRIP B

TRIP C

RECLOSE

TARGET RESET

Figure 8.1-3 LED indications

Indicator LED Status Remark

HEALTHY Steady Green Protective device is in service and normal.
VT ALARM Steady Yellow VT circuit is failure.
AR READY Steady Yellow The auto-reclosing is ready for operating.
CH ALARM Steady Yellow Fibre optical channel is failure.
TRIP A Steady Red Tipping signal of phase A is output.
TRIP B Steady Red Tipping signal of phase B is output.

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TRIP C Steady Red Tipping signal of phase C is output.

RECLOSE Steady Red Auto-reclosing signal is output.

Note!

The LED “HEALTHY” can only be lit by supplying DC to equipment and without alarms to
block equipment.

The LEDs “TRIP A”, “TRIP B”, “TRIP C” and “RECLOSE” will be lit up once the
corresponding relays operate and remain lit even after the trip commands go off. The
LEDs can be turned off by pressing “TAEGET RESET” button on faceplate, or by pressing
the RESET button on the protection panel to energized binary input [BI_RstTarg].

The LEDs “VT ALARM” and “CH ALARM” is lit as long as alarm signal is present. When
alarm signals disappear, they can turn off automatically after time delay.

8.1.4 Communication Port

1 2

Figure 8.1-4 Communication ports

No. Item
1 DB9 RS232 port for communication with a PC for local communication.
2 DB 15 port for communication with HELP-90A tester.

8.2 Understand The HMI Menu Tree

8.2.1 Overview
Please see the total command menu in following diagram which will be introduced in details.

In order to enter the main menu, please press “▲” arrow button under the default display
condition. If the current display is the latest report display, please press “TARGET RESET” button
to return to the default display condition, and then press “▲” arrow button to enter the main menu.

Please use the “▲” and ”▼“ button to scroll between the submenus, press “ENT” to enter the item
chosen or press “ESC” to directly return to the upper level.

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MENU

1:VALUES 4:SETTINGS

1: DSP METERING 1: EQUIP SETUP

2: CPU METERING 2: PROT SETTINGS
3: PHASE ANGLE 3: VEBI SETTINGS
4: BI STATE 4: IP ADDRESS
5: COMM CH 5: COPY SETTINGS
0: EXIT 6: UNACT SETTINGS
0: EXIT
2:REPORT
5:CLOCK
1: TRP REPORT
2: ALM REPORT
3: BI CHG REPORT
4: MISC REPORT
0: EXIT

6:VERSION
3:PRINT

1: SETTINGS
2: TRP REPORT
3: ALM REPORT
4: BI CHG REPORT
5: PRESENT VALUES
6: VERSION
7: CH RECORD
8: MISC REPORT
9: UNACT SETTINGS 0:EXIT
0: EXIT

Figure 8.2-1 Menu tree for RCS-931

8.2.2 VALUES
This menu displays the sampling value of current and voltage, and status binary input value which
fully reflect the operation status of the equipment. Under normal conditions these displayed values
should be consistent with the real values injected.

This menu comprises the following submenus:

 DSP METERING

This submenu displays the values of current and voltage sampled and calculated by the DSP chip.

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These values includes:

 Three phase voltage and line voltage

Ua, Ub, Uc and Ux

 Three phase current, zero sequence current and negative sequence current

Ia, Ib, Ic and 3I0

 Three phase current from remote end

Ioa, Iob and Ioc

 Three phase differential current

Ida, Idb and Idc

 CPU METERING

This submenu displays the values of current and/or voltage sampled and calculated by the CPU
chip. These values includes:

 Three phase voltage and line voltage

Ua, Ub and Uc

 Three phase current, zero sequence current and negative sequence current

Ia, Ib, Ic and 3I0

 PHASE ANGLE

This submenu displays the phase angles of current and voltage:

 The phase angles between the three phase voltage

(Ua-Ub),(Ub-Uc),(Uc-Ua), and (Ux-Ua)

 The phase angles between phase voltage and phase current

(Ua-Ia), (Ub-Ib) and (Uc-Ic)

 The phase angles between current on local end and current on remote end

(Ia-Ioa), (Ib-Iob) and (Ic-Ioc)

 BI STATE

This submenu displays the status of binary inputs. If a certain binary input appears to be “1”, it
means that an external binary input signal is energized or a corresponding function/element of the
equipment is enabled. On the other hand if a certain binary input appears to be “0”, it means that
the external binary input signal is de-energized or the corresponding function/element of the
equipment is disabled.

 COMM CH

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This submenu displays the status of communication channel. Please refer to section 10.10.9.

8.2.3 REPORT
This menu displays the information recorded by the RCS-931 for the tripping reports, alarm
message reports and status change of binary input reports etc.. All the reports are stored in
non-volatile memory.

No. Item Description

1 TRP REPORT operation report such as tripping or reclosing
2 ALM REPORT self supervision and abnormal report
3 BI CHG REPORT status change of binary input report
4 MISC REPORT other report

Please use “▲” and “▼” to choose the report under concern, and press “ENT” to display the
chosen report.

In the report display submenu, the latest report shall be displayed first. Press “-” button to display
the previous report, and press “+” to display the next report.

In case that a report is too long to be fully displayed on the LCD, you should press “▲” or “▼” to
display the other parts of the report.

In order to return to the upper submenu, simply press “ESC” button.

8.2.4 PRINT
The settings list, wave recorder, tripping report, operation report, and abnormality report and
status change of binary input can be printed by this submenu.

No. Item Description

1 SETTINGS equipment setup, protection setting and virtual binary input
2 TRP REPORT operation report such as tripping or reclosing
3 ALM REPORT self supervision and abnormal information
4 BI CHG REPORT status change of binary input
5 PRESENT VALUE the voltage and current value sampled
6 VERSION the information of software version
7 CH RECORD the status of channel
8 MISC REPORT other report
9 UNACT SETTINGS select an inactive setting group currently to print

Please use “▲” and “▼” to choose the item under concern, and press “ENT” to execute printing.

8.2.5 SETTINGS
Use this menu to select and set the different parameters for protection and control functions in the
RCS-931. There are 30 selectable and editable setting groups, each independent of the other, to
structure desired functions and applications.

This menu comprises the following submenus:

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No. Item Description

1 EQUIP SETUP equipment settings
2 PROT SETUP protection settings
3 VEBI SETTINGS virtual binary inputs
4 IP ADDRESS ethernet settings
5 COPY SETTINGS copy active setting group to other setting group
6 UNACT SETTINGS select an inactive setting group currently to set

Please use “▲” or “▼” to choose the setting under concern, and press “◄” or “►” to move the
cursor to the digit to be changed. Press “+” or “-” button to change the data and then press “ENT”
to confirm the setting change.

If the setting change shall be terminated , simply press “ESC” to return, and the setting will remain
unchanged.

8.2.6 CLOCK
The internal clock for the RCS-931 can be viewed here. The time is displayed in the form
YYYY-MM-DD and hh:mm:ss. All values are presented in digits.

Please use “▲” , “▼”, “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to the digit to be changed. Press “+” or “-”
button to change the data and then press “ENT” to confirm the change.

If the setting change shall be terminated , simply press “ESC” to return, and the setting will remain
unchanged.

8.2.7 VERSION
This menu displays the version, verification code and creating time of the software applied in the
equipment.

8.3 Understand the LCD Display

8.3.1 Normal Display
When the equipment is running normally, the LCD will display the following:

01 - 02 21 : 20 : 50

I = 000.00 A

U = 000.00 V

ActiveGrp 01

01-02 21:20:50: shows that the current time and date in format: MM-DD hh;mm:ss.

I: average value of three phase current

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U: average value of three phase voltage

ActiveGrp 01: shows the active setting group

: Auto-reclosing element has not reclaimed

: Auto-reclosing element has reclaimed

:shows the communication of both ports with SCADA system are normal

“.”: shows the communication of the first port with SCADA system is normal

“-”: shows the communication of the second port with SCADA system is normal

8.3.2 Display Tripping Report

When the equipment tripping output operates, the LCD will display the report of the latest tripping
action.

OP 000 07-02-27

14 : 21 : 51 : 115 MS

1. Op_TT

00173 MS

OP 000 07-02-27

14 : 21 : 51 : 115 MS

2. Fault Location

A 0017.0 KM

OP000: shows the serial number of the tripping operation.

07-02-27: shows that the date of the tripping operation in format YY-MM-DD.

14:21:51:115MS: shows the absolute tripping time in format hh:mm:ss:ms.

Op_TT: shows the tripping element.

00173 MS: shows the operation time of the tripping element exclude the operation time of output
relay.

A: show the faulty phase(s).

00017.0KM: show the fault location.

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All operating elements are listed in the following table:

Table 8.3-1 Operating elements

No. Item Description

1 Op_AR auto-reclosure
2 Op_DiffP differential protection
3 Op_TT transfer Trip
4 Op_Z_DPFC DPFC distance relay
5 Op_ROC2 stage 2 of zero-sequence over-current
6 Op_ROC3 stage 3 of zero-sequence over-current
7 Op_Z1 zone 1 of distance relay
8 Op_Z2 zone 2 of distance relay
9 Op_Z3 zone 3 of distance relay
10 Op_Z_SOTF distance relay for SOTF
11 Op_ROC_SOTF zero-sequence over-current for SOTF
12 Op_PhSelFail three-pole tripping for fault phase selection fails
13 Op_1PTrpFail three-pole tripping for single-pole tripping fails
14 Op_Persist1P three-pole tripping for single-phase operation
15 Op_OC_VTS overcurrent for VT circuit failure
protection operates when fault occurs during two-phase
16 Op_Prot_PD
operation.

8.3.3 Display Self-supervision Report

When hardware failure is detected during self-check or a abnormality of system happens a new
report will be automatically displayed on LCD as follows.

ALM052 07-02-26

12 : 06 : 03 : 063 MS

Alm_VTS

ALM052: serial number of the report.

07-02-26: shows the happening date of abnormality in format YY-MM-DD.

12:06:03:063MS: shows the happening time of abnormality in format hh:mm:ss:ms.

Alm_VTS: shows abnormality detective element.

All possible abnormality information are listed in the following table:

Table 8.3-2 Abnormality information

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No. Item Description

1 Alm_Smpl_DSP DSP chip is damaged or DSP sampling is wrong
2 Alm_Smpl_CPU CPU chip sample differs too much from DSP sampling
3 Alm_TrpOut output circuit controlling chips is damaged
4 Alm_Setting invalid settings in active setting group
5 Alm_InvalidGrp Invalid setting group
6 Alm_EEPROM invalid settings in any setting group
7 Alm_Pwr_DC loss of DC power supply
8 Alm_ROM ROM chip on CPU module is damaged
9 Alm_RAM RAM chip on CPU module is damaged
zero sequence general fault detection picks up for more than
10 Alm_PersistI0
10s
11 Alm_PersistFD general fault detector on CPU operates for longer than 10s
12 Alm_Pwr_Opto loses of Opto-coupler power supply
13 Alm_VTS busbar VT failure supervision alarm
14 Alm_VTS_Ux line VT failure supervision alarm
15 Alm_CTS CT failure supervision alarm
16 Alm_52b binary input [BI_52b] is wrong
17 Alm_TT binary input [BI_Send_TT] is abnormal
binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR] and [BI_ExTrp3P_AR] are
18 Alm_ExTrp_BI
abnormal
the setting [XC1L] is greater than real line capacitive
19 Alm_Xc
impendence
20 Alm_Data_Ch no correct data is received
21 Alm_CRC_Ch frame messages are failed in CRC check
22 Alm_ID_Ch identity of equipments received is wrong
23 Alm_Ch communication channel is abnormal
24 Alm_Diff the differential current is higher than certain value all along
25 Alm_OutDiffP the differential protection is disabled

8.3.4 Display Binary Input Report

The LCD will automatically display a status change of binary inputs.

BI 034 07-02-26

12 : 06 : 03 : 441 MS

BI_Recv_TT

0→1

BI 034: serial number of the report.

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07-02-26: date in format of YY-MM-DD.

12:06:03:441MS: shows the happening time of status change in format of hh:mm:ss:ms.

BI_Recv_TT 0→1: shows binary input name and status change action.

These binary inputs are listed in the following table:

Table 8.3-3 Binary input information

No. Item Description

1 EBI_Opt1_AR option 1 of AR mode
2 EBI_Opt2_AR option 2 of AR mode
3 EBI_Lockout lockout auto-reclosing
4 BI_ExTrp1P_AR external single-pole tripping to initiate AR
5 BI_ExTrp3P_AR external three-pole tripping to initiate AR
6 BI_52b_Pha auxiliary switch contact of phase A circuit breaker 52b
7 BI_52b_Phb auxiliary switch contact of phase B circuit breaker 52b
8 BI_52b_Phc auxiliary switch contact of phase C circuit breaker 52b
9 BI_LowPres_AR low pressure for block auto-closing
10 BI_Send_TT transferred tripping to remote end
11 BI_Send_TS1 transferred status signal 1 to remote end
12 BI_Send_TS2 transferred status signal 2 to remote end
13 BI_Recv_TT received trip signal from remote end
14 BI_Recv_TS1 received status signal 1 from remote end
15 BI_Recv_TS2 received status signal 1 from remote end
16 VEBI_DiffP enable current differential protection (Virtual)
17 VEBI_DistP enable distance protection enabling input (Virtual)
18 VEBI_ROC enable sequence over current protection (Virtual)
19 VEBI_Lockout lockout auto-reclosing (Virtual)
20 VEBI_DiffP_Rmt current differential protection on remote end enabled
21 BI_Pulse_GPS receiving pulse signal for time synchronism from GPS
22 BI_Print trigger printing report
blocking communication between equipment with the SCADA
23 BI_BlkComm
system
24 BI_RstTarg input for reset of latching signal relay and LCD displaying

8.3.5 Display Miscellaneous Report

The LCD will automatically display a miscellaneous report.

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MISC 015 08-02-23

12 : 19 : 17 : 698 ms

Setting_Chgd

MISC015: serial number of the report.

08-02-23: date in format of YY-MM-DD.

12:19:17:698ms: indicates the happening time of the handling report.

Setting_Chgd: indicates the content of the handling report. It is setting modification.

All possible operating information are listed in the following table:

Table 8.3-4 Miscellaneous report

No. Item Description

1 Equip_Reboot The protective device has been reboot.
2 Setting_Chgd The settings of protective device have been modified.
3 Report_Cleared All reports has been deleted.
4 ActiveGrp_Chgd Active setting group has been changed
5 Ch_Delay_Chgd Delay of channel has been changed.

8.3.6 View Settings

Press “▲” enter the main menu at first. Press key “▼” to select the item “SETTINGS” by scrolling
the cursor downward, and then pressing key “ENT” will enter the submenu.

SETTINGS

1. EQUIP SETUP

2. PROT SETTINGS

3. VEBI SETTINGS

Press key “▼” to select the item “PROT SETTINGS” by scrolling the cursor downward. Press key
“ENT” to display the setting symbols and parameters of the submenu. Please press key “▲” or
“▼” to locate the setting. Simply press “ESC” to return without changing, and press “ENT” to input
password to ensure the change.

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Group 01 Setting

I_DPFC_OC_FD

000.50 A

I_ROC_FD

Press key “▼” to select the item “UNACT SETTINGS” by scrolling the cursor downward. Press
key “ENT” to enter the submenu. Selecting a target setting group inactive to modify without the
equipment blocked.

8.3.7 View Records

The RCS-931 provides the following recording functions:

 Event recorder

Event recording are recorded in form of report and can be viewed through LCD or by printing.

 Disturbance recorder

Disturbance recording is recorded in form of both report and waveform, so report can be display
as event report. However waveform must to be printed or displayed with proper software.

No. Item Description

1 TRP REPORT operation report such as tripping or reclosing
2 ALM REPORT self supervision and abnormal report
3 BI CHG REPORT status change of binary input report
4 MISC REPORT other report

These recording reports can also be displayed through software by the local or remote PC.

Press “▲” enter the main menu at first. Press key “▼” to select the item “REPORT” by scrolling
the cursor downward, and then pressing key “ENT” will enter the submenu. Press key “▼” to
select the target item by scrolling the cursor downward, and press key “ENT” to the next
submenu.

REPORT

1. TRP REPORT

2. ALM REPORT

3. BI CHG REPORT

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Then press key “▼” to select “TRP REPORT”, “ALM REPORT” or “BI CHG REPORT” by scrolling
the cursor downward. Press key “ENT” to display the report selected. The latest report will be
displayed firstly. Pressing key “+”or “-” will display next or previous report. If the report cannot be
fully displayed in one screen, key “▲” or “▼” can be used to display the rest of it. Simply press
key “ESC” or “ENT” to return the upper submenu. Take the “ALM REPORT” as an example.

ALM052 07-02-26

12 : 06 : 03 : 063 MS

Alm_VTS

8.3.8 Print Reports and Waveform

Press “▲” enter the main menu at first. Press key “▼” to select the item “PRINT” by scrolling the
cursor downward, and then pressing key “ENT” will enter the submenu. Press key “▼” to select
the target item by scrolling the cursor downward, and press key “ENT” to the next submenu.

PRINT

1. SETTINGS

2. TRP REPORT

3. ALM REPORT

Then press key “▼” to select “SETTINGS”, “TRP REPORT”, “ALM REPORT”, “BI CHG
REPORT”, “PRESENT VALUES”, “VERSION” “CH RECORD”, “MISC REPORT” or “UNACT
SETTINGS” by scrolling the cursor downward. Press key “ENT” to print the report selected.
Press key “+” or “-” to select next or previous report and press key “ENT”. Simply press key “ESC”
to return the upper submenu.

Press <+> <-> TO

Select Report

000 → 053

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Press “ENT” to print if there is a printer connected to the relay. If no printer is connected, the
following information will be shown “NO Printer”.

8.4 Input Operation Through Keypad

8.4.1 Modify Settings
Press key “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to locate the setting you want to change by operating the
keypad to modified it. Press key “+” and “-” to change the digit. Press key “ESC” to return to the
upper level menu with the setting remain unchanged. Press key “ENT”, the LCD will prompt typing
of password.

Password : „„

Press keys “+”, “◄”, “▲” and “–” sequentially, then the equipment will check the password
automatically. If the password input is correct, modification of setting will be confirmed and the
interface will return to submenu.

If one or some settings input are detected to be off-limits, the cursor will locate where the first
wrong setting is and the LCD will display “xxxxx SetInvalid”. (For example, “I_DPFC_OC_FD
SetInvalid”)

Note!

If the active group number or protection system parameter is changed, protective settings
will be invalid and have to be configured again.

8.4.2 Copy Settings

The relay stores 30 setting groups from No.0 to No.29. Only present setting group is active, others
are provided for different operating conditions. The equipment settings are common for all these
setting groups, but the protection settings are independent. Generally the equipment is delivered
with default settings stored in active setting group “0”. The contents of other setting groups may be
invalid. Therefore after application-specific settings for group No.0 have been ready, it is
necessary to copy settings of group No.0 to all the other setting groups, and make some
modification afterwards when necessary, so as to avoid entering all settings one by one.

Press key “▲” to enter the main menu at first. Move cursor to the item “SETTINGS” and press key
“ENT” to enter submenu. Press key “▼” and move cursor to the item “COPY SETTINGS” item and
press “ENT” to display following interface.

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COPY SETTINGS

Active Grp : 00

Target Grp : 01

Press key “+” and “-” to change digit where the cursor stays. Press “ENT” to confirm, then settings
group 0 will be totally copied to settings group 1.

8.4.3 Switch Active Setting Group

Sometimes it is necessary to switch among different setting groups to fit the different operating
conditions. Press key “GRP” to display following interface.

Chg Act Grp

Active Grp : 00

Change to : 01

Press key “+” and “-” to change digit where the cursor stays. Press “ENT” to confirm. If the new
active setting group is valid, LCD will display main configuration diagram. Otherwise, an alarm
[Alm_InvalidGrp] will be issued and LED “HEALTHY” will be turned off. Then please modify this
group settings to make them valid.

SetRefreshing „

8.4.4 Delete Records

If you want to delete the content of fault records or event records, press key “▲” to enter the main
menu at first and press “+”, “-”, “+”, “-”, “ENT” in sequence in the main menu, then LCD display
following interface.

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Press <ENT>

Press ESC To Exit

Note!

You have no choice to select which kind of records or which one record to be deleted but
to delete all records.

Press key “ENT” to delete all records and LCD will display “RptClearing...” then the reports will be
deleted, or press key “ESC” to exit to main menu without deletion.

8.4.5 Adjust Clock

If the clock of the equipment is not correct, please adjust it. Press key “▲” to enter the main menu
at first. Move cursor to the item “CLOCK” and press key “ENT” to display following interface.

CLOCK

DATE : 2005 06 25

TIME : 09 08 39

2005 06 25: shows the data in format of YYYY-MM-DD.

09 08 39: shows the time in format of hh:mm:ss.

Press keys “▲”, “▼”, “◄” and “►” to select the digit to be modified. Pressing key “+” and “-” to
modify data. Pressing key “ESC” to return without modification. Pressing key “ENT” to confirm the
modification and return to main menu.

8.4.6 Check Version

Press key “▲” to enter the main menu at first. Move cursor to the item “VERSION” and press key
“ENT” to display following interface and then press key “ESC” to exit.

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RCS-931AM

Project : 080047

Ver : 3.00

CRC : FCA3

RCS-931AM

CRC : FCA3

2008-04-01 09 : 31

SUBQ : 00038210

RCS-931AM: shows the name of the protection program.

Project: 0800047: shows the project number is 080047.

Ver: 3.00: shows the program version number

CRC: 174C: shows CRC (check code) of the program.

2008-04-01 09:31: shows the creating time of the program in format of YY-MM-DD HH:MM

SUBQ: 00038210: shows management sequential number of the program.

Note!

What above figure shows is just an example to introduce the meaning of LCD display of
software version, the actual version for user is application-specific.

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Chapter 9 Communications

9.1 General Description

This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the submenu in the “EQUIP SETUP” column. Using the keypad and LCD, set the
parameter [Protocol], the corresponding protocol will be selected.

The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.

It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the
relay.

9.2 Rear Communication Port Information

9.2.1 RS-485 Interface
This protective device provides two rear RS-485 communication ports, and each port has three
terminals in the 12-terminal screw connector located on the back of the relay and each port has a
ground terminal for the earth shield of the communication cable. Please refer to section 6.2.5 for
details of the connection terminals. The rear ports provide RS-485 serial data communication and
are intended for use with a permanently wired connection to a remote control center.

9.2.1.1 EIA RS-485 Standardized Bus

The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.

9.2.1.2 Bus Termination

The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 9.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.

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EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm

120 Ohm

Slave Slave Slave

Figure 9.2-1 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements

9.2.1.3 Bus Connections & Topologies

The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable
that is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies.
Loop bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.

Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on
the application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length
must not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end,
normally at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially
when the cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.

This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.

9.2.1.4 Biasing

It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur
when all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to
transmit mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a
high impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to
miss the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the
message and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due
to retries), increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete
failure to communicate.

Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.

Note!

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It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.

As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for
any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect
application of this voltage.

Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic
inputs) as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.

9.2.2 Ethernet Interface

This protective device can provide four rear Ethernet interfaces (optional) and they are unattached
each other. Parameters of each Ethernet port can be configured in the submenu “IP ADDRESS”.

9.2.2.1 Ethernet Standardized Communication Cable

It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A

picture is shown bellow.

Figure 9.2-2 Ethernet communication cable

9.2.2.2 Connections and Topologies

Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.

SCADA

Exchanger A

Exchanger B

Equipment Equipment Equipment

Figure 9.2-3 Ethernet communication structure

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9.2.3 IEC60870-5-103 Communication

The IEC specification IEC60870-5-103: Telecontrol Equipment and Systems, Part 5: Transmission
Protocols Section 103 defines the use of standards IEC60870-5-1 to IEC60870-5-5 to perform
communication with protective device. The standard configuration for the IEC60870-5-103
protocol is to use a twisted pair EIA RS-485 connection over distances up to 500m. It also
supports to use an Ethernet connection. The relay operates as a slave in the system, responding
to commands from a master station.

To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings of the protective
device must be configured. To do this use the keypad and LCD user interface. In the submenu
“EQUIP SETUP”, set the parameters [Protocol] as “0”, [COM1_Baud] and [COM2_Baud] as
“9600”. For using the Ethernet port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the IP address and
submask of each Ethernet port can be set in the submenu “IP ADDRESS”. Please refer to section
7.5 for further details.

9.3 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port

The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.

The protective device conforms to compatibility level 3.

The following IEC60870-5-103 facilities are supported by this interface:

 Initialization (reset)

 Time synchronization

 Event record extraction

 General interrogation

 General commands

 Disturbance records

9.3.1 Physical Connection and Link Layer

Two EIA RS-485 standardized ports are available for IEC60870-5-103 in this protective device.
The transmission speed is optional: 4800 bit/s, 9600 bit/s, 19200 bit/s or 38400 bit/s.

The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.

9.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.

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The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.

9.3.3 Time Synchronization

The protective device time and date can be set using the time synchronization feature of the
IEC60870-5-103 protocol. The protective device will correct for the transmission delay as
specified in IEC60870-5-103. If the time synchronization message is sent as a send/confirm
message then the protective device will respond with a confirmation. Whether the
time-synchronization message is sent as a send confirmation or a broadcast (send/no reply)
message, a time synchronization class 1 event will be generated/produced.

If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.

9.3.4 Spontaneous Events

Events are categorized using the following information:

 Type identification (TYP)

 Function type (FUN)

 Information number (INF)

The following table contains a complete listing of all events produced by the protective device.

TYP FUN INF COT Event Name

178 26 1 Op_AR
178 168 1 Op_DiffP
178 164 1 Op_TT
178 113 1 Op_Z_DPFC
178 78 1 Op_Z1
178 79 1 Op_Z2
178 80 1 Op_Z3
178 55 1 Op_ROC2
ASDU 2 178 56 1 Op_ROC3
178 114 1 Op_Prot_PD
178 116 1 Op_Z_SOTF
178 151 1 Op_ROC_SOTF
178 88 1 Op_PhSelFail
178 89 1 Op_1PTrpFail
178 90 1 Op_Persist1P
178 63 1 Op_OC_VTS
178 20 1 Op_AR

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178 21 1 Op_DiffP
178 22 1 Op_TT
178 182 1 Op_Z_DPFC
178 16 1 EBI_Opt1_AR
178 17 1 EBI_Opt2_AR
178 8 1 EBI_Lockout
178 70 1 BI_ExTrp1P_AR
178 71 1 BI_ExTrp3P_AR
178 161 1 BI_52b_Pha
178 162 1 BI_52b_Phb
178 163 1 BI_52b_Phc
178 205 1 BI_LowPress_AR
178 32 1 BI_Send_TT
178 74 1 BI_Send_TS1
178 75 1 BI_Send_TS2
178 33 1 BI_Recv_TT
178 76 1 BI_Recv_TT1
178 77 1 BI_Recv_TT2
178 131 1 VEBI_DiffP
178 132 1 VEBI_DistP
178 133 1 VEBI_ROC
178 134 1 VEBI_Lockout
178 201 1 VEBI_DiffP_Rmt
ASDU 1
178 194 1 Alm_RAM
178 195 1 Alm_ROM
178 196 1 Alm_EEPROM
178 49 1 Alm_InvalidGrp
178 50 1 Alm_Smpl_CPU
178 189 1 Alm_PersisI0
178 214 1 Alm_PersisFD
178 51 1 Alm_Smpl_DSP
178 200 1 Alm_TrpOut
178 222 1 Alm_Setting
178 44 1 Alm_Pwr_DC
178 202 1 Alm_Pwr_Opto
178 241 1 Alm_VTS
178 240 1 Alm_VTS_Ux
178 206 1 Alm_CTS
178 210 1 Alm_52b
178 186 1 Alm_Data_Ch
178 187 1 Alm_CRC_Ch
178 199 1 Alm_ID_Ch
178 212 1 Alm_Ch

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178 192 1 Alm_Diff

178 247 1 Alm_Xc
178 227 1 Alm_OutDiffP
178 226 1 Alm_ExTrp_BI
178 43 1 Alm_TT
178 248 1 Alm_RAM
178 42 1 BI_BlkComm

9.3.5 General Interrogation

The GI can be used to read the status of the relay, the function numbers, and information numbers
that will be returned during the GI cycle. The GI cycle strictly abides by the rules defined in the
IEC60870-5-103.

Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.

9.3.6 Generic Service

The generic functions can be used to read the setting and protection measurement of the
protective device, and modify the setting. Two supported type identifications are ASDU 21 and
ASDU 10. For more details about generic functions, see the IEC60870-5-103 standard.

Group num Group type

0 Device information
1 Device settings
2 Settings group
3 Protect setting
6 Virtual link
9 Protection measure
11 Net settings

Note!

If the setting [En_Remote_Cfg] in the submenu “EQUIP SETUP” is set as “0”, to modify
protection settings remotely will not be allowed. Moreover, equipment parameters are not
allowed to be modified remotely whether the item [En_Remote_Cfg] is “1” or “0”.

9.3.7 Disturbance Records

This protective device can store up to eight disturbance records in its memory. A pickup of the fault
detector or an operation of the relay can make the protective device store the disturbance records.

The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.

ACC Content
1 Ia
2 Ib

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3 Ic
4 3I0
5 Ua
6 Ub
7 Uc
8 3U0

9.4 IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet

The IEC60870-5-103 interface over Ethernet is a master/slave interface with the relay as the
slave device. It is properly developed by NR too. All the service of this relay is based on generic
functions of the IEC60870-5-103. The following table lists all the group number of this relay. And
this relay will send all the relevant information about group caption to the SAS or RTU after
establishing a successful communication link.

Group Number Group Caption Description

0 Device Description
1 Device Parameter
2 Setting Group
3 Setting
6 Virtual Enabling BI
9 Measurement
10 Fault Data
11 Net Setting
12 Enabling BI
13 Operation Element
14 Alarm Info
15 Disturbance Info List

9.5 Messages Description For IEC61850 Protocol

9.5.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:

 IEC 61850-1: Introduction and overview

 IEC 61850-2: Glossary

 IEC 61850-3: General requirements

 IEC 61850-4: System and project management

 IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models

 IEC 61850-6: Configuration description language for communication in electrical substations

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related to IEDs

 IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Principles and models

 IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment -
Abstract communication service interface (ACSI)

 IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Common data classes

 IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Compatible logical node classes and data classes

 IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3

 IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link

 IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3

 IEC 61850-10: Conformance testing

These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.

9.5.2 Communication profiles

The RCS-900 series relay supports IEC 61850 server services over TCP/IP communication
protocol stacks. The TCP/IP profile requires the RCS-900 series to have an IP address to
establish communications. These addresses are located in the submenu “IP ADDRESS”.

1. MMS protocol

IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. Actual MMS protocol services are mapped to IEC 61850 abstract services in
IEC61850-8-1.

2. Client/server

This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation
computers running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation
equipment such as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.

3. Peer-to-peer

This is a non-connection-oriented, high speed type of communication usually between substation

equipment, such as protection relays. GOOSE is the method of peer-to-peer communication.

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4. Substation configuration language (SCL)

A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe the configuration of

substation equipment. Each configured device has an IEC Capability Description (ICD) file and a
Configured IED Description (CID) file. The substation single line information is stored in a System
Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation configuration is stored in a Substation
Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the combination of the individual ICD files
and the SSD file.

9.5.3 Server data organization

IEC61850 defines an object-oriented approach to data and services. An IEC61850 physical
device can contain one or more logical device(s) (for proxy). Each logical device can contain
many logical nodes. Each logical node can contain many data objects. Each data object is
composed of data attributes and data attribute components. Services are available at each level
for performing various functions, such as reading, writing, control commands, and reporting.

Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one logical
device, and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD contains
information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains information about the
IED logical device.

9.5.3.1 Digital status values

The GGIO logical node is available in the RCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the RCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are
transmitted to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control
block (BRCB) is defined in LLN0.

9.5.3.2 Analog values

Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2
provides data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog
data objects are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the
corresponding unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical
nodes provide the following data for each source:

 MMXU.ST.Hz: frequency

 MMXU.ST.PPV.phsAB: phase AB voltage magnitude and angle

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 MMXU.ST.PPV.phsBC: phase BC voltage magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.PPV.phsCA: Phase CA voltage magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.PhV.phsA: phase AG voltage magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.PhV.phsB: phase BG voltage magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.PhV.phsC: phase CG voltage magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.A.phsA: phase A current magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.A.phsB: phase B current magnitude and angle

 MMXU.ST.A.phsC: phase C current magnitude and angle

9.5.3.3 Protection logical nodes

The following list describes the protection elements for all RCS-900 series relays. The specified
relay will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.

 PDIF: current differential and transfer trip

 PDIS: phase-to-phase distance, phase-to-ground distance and SOTF distance

 PTUC: undercurrent

 PTOC: phase overcurrent, zero sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when CTS

 PTUV: undervoltage

 PTUF: underfrequency

 PTOV: overvoltage and auxiliary overvoltage

 RREC: automatic reclosing

The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For the
RCS-900 series relay protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and it also locates in LLN0.

9.5.3.4 LLN0 and other logical nodes

Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings. System settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED

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will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
RCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:

 LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.

 PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined
to a new “operate” of PTRC.

 RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.

9.5.4 Server features and configuration

9.5.4.1 Buffered/unbuffered reporting

IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.

 TrgOps: Trigger options.

The following bits are supported by the RCS-900 series relays:

－ Bit 1: Data-change

－ Bit 4: Integrity

－ Bit 5: General interrogation

 OptFlds: Option Fields.

The following bits are supported by the RCS-900 series relays:

－ Bit 1: Sequence-number

－ Bit 2: Report-time-stamp

－ Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion

－ Bit 4: Data-set-name

－ Bit 5: Data-reference

－ Bit 6: Buffer-overflow (for buffered reports only)

－ Bit 7: EntryID (for buffered reports only)

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－ Bit 8: Conf-revision

－ Bit 9: Segmentation

 IntgPd: Integrity period.

 BufTm: Buffer time.

9.5.4.2 File transfer

MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a RCS-900 series relay.

9.5.4.3 Timestamps

The timestamp values associated with all IEC61850 data items represent the time of the last
change of either the value or quality flags of the data item.

9.5.4.4 Logical node name prefixes

IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:

 A five or six-character name prefix.

 A four-character standard name (for example, MMXU, GGIO, PIOC, etc.).

 A one or two-character instantiation index.

Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.

9.5.4.5 GOOSE services

IEC61850 specifies the type of peer-to-peer data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also Devices that transmit GOOSE messages
also function as servers. Each GOOSE publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure
and control the transmission.

The transmission is also controlled via device setting “GOOSE Group ID” in the setting submenu
“EQUIP SETUP”. The “GOOSE Group ID” setting item defines a definite IED group in which the
IED can communicate with each other via GOOSE protocol, and if GOOSE Group ID is configured
to “0”, GOOSE service is blocked in this IED. IEC61850 recommends a default priority value of 4
for GOOSE. Ethernet traffic that does not contain a priority tag has a default priority of 1. More
details are specified in IEC61850 part 8-1. IEC61850 recommends that the Ether-type Application
ID number be configured according to the GOOSE source.

The RCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event

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(GOOSE) communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset.
It is this dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset
is configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between RCS-900 series relays.

IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must
be correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at
the transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.

The general steps required for transmission configuration are:

1. Configure the transmission dataset.

2. Configure the GOOSE service settings.

3. Configure the data.

The general steps required for reception configuration are:

1. Configure the reception dataset.

2. Configure the GOOSE service settings.

3. Configure the data.

9.5.5 ACSI conformance

9.5.5.1 ACSI basic conformance statement

Services Client Server RCS-900 Series

Client-Server Roles
B11 Server side (of Two-party Application-Association) － C1 Y
B12 Client side (of Two-party Application-Association) C1 － N
SCSMS Supported
B21 SCSM: IEC 61850-8-1 used N N Y
B22 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-1 used N N N
B23 SCSM: IEC 61850-9-2 used N N N
B24 SCSM: other N N N
Generic Substation Event Model (GSE)
B31 Publisher side － O Y
B32 Subscriber side O － Y
Transmission Of Sampled Value Model (SVC)
B41 Publisher side － O N
B42 Subscriber side O － N

Where:

C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared

O: Optional

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M: Mandatory

Y: Supported by RCS-900 series relays

N: Currently not supported by RCS-900 series relays

9.5.5.2 ACSI models conformance statement

Services Client Server RCS-900 Series

M1 Logical device C2 C2 Y
M2 Logical node C3 C3 Y
M3 Data C4 C4 Y
M4 Data set C5 C5 Y
M5 Substitution O O Y
M6 Setting group control O O Y
Reporting
M7 Buffered report control O O Y
M7-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M7-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M7-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M7-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M7-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M7-6 buffer-overflow Y Y Y
M7-7 entryID Y Y Y
M7-8 BufTm N N N
M7-9 IntgPd Y Y Y
M7-10 GI Y Y Y
M8 Unbuffered report control M M Y
M8-1 sequence-number Y Y Y
M8-2 report-time-stamp Y Y Y
M8-3 reason-for-inclusion Y Y Y
M8-4 data-set-name Y Y Y
M8-5 data-reference Y Y Y
M8-6 BufTm N N N
M8-7 IntgPd N Y Y
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N

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M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y

Where:

C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared

C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared

C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared

C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared

M: Mandatory

Y: Supported by RCS-900 series relays

N: Currently not supported by RCS-900 series relays

9.5.5.3 ACSI Services conformance statement

Service Server/Publisher RCS-900 Series

Server
S1 ServerDirectory M Y
Application association
S2 Associate M Y
S3 Abort M Y
S4 Release M Y
Logical device
S5 LogicalDeviceDirectory M Y
Logical node
S6 LogicalNodeDirectory M Y
S7 GetAllDataValues M Y
Data
S8 GetDataValues M Y
S9 SetDataValues M Y
S10 GetDataDirectory M Y
S11 GetDataDefinition M Y
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O
S14 CreateDataSet O
S15 DeleteDataSet O
S16 GetDataSetDirectory M Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M Y
Setting group control

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S18 SelectActiveSG M/O Y

S19 SelectEditSG M/O Y
S20 SetSGValuess M/O Y
S21 ConfirmEditSGValues M/O Y
S22 GetSGValues M/O Y
S23 GetSGCBValues M/O Y
Reporting
Buffered report control block
S24 Report M Y
S24-1 data-change M Y
S24-2 qchg-change M Y
S24-3 data-update M Y
S25 GetBRCBValues M Y
S26 SetBRCBValues M Y
Unbuffered report control block
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M Y
S27-3 data-update M Y
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues O
S31 SetLCBValues O
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime O
S33 QueryLogAfter O
S34 GetLogStatusValues O
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE control block
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O Y
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M Y
Control
S51 Select O
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y

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S56 TimeActivated-Operate O
File transfer
S57 GetFile M/O Y
S58 SetFile O Y
S59 DeleteFile O
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y

9.5.6 Logical nodes

9.5.6.1 Logical nodes table

The RCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.

Nodes RCS-900 Series

L: System Logical Nodes
LPHD: Physical device information YES
LLN0: Logical node zero YES
P: Logical Nodes For Protection Functions
PDIF: Differential YES
PDIR: Direction comparison －
PDIS: Distance YES
PDOP: Directional overpower －
PDUP: Directional underpower －
PFRC: Rate of change of frequency －
PHAR: Harmonic restraint －
PHIZ: Ground detector －
PIOC: Instantaneous overcurrent －
PMRI: Motor restart inhibition －
PMSS: Motor starting time supervision －
POPF: Over power factor －
PPAM: Phase angle measuring －
PSCH: Protection scheme －
PSDE: Sensitive directional earth fault －
PTEF: Transient earth fault －
PTOC: Time overcurrent YES
PTOF: Overfrequency －
PTOV: Overvoltage －
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning －
PTTR: Thermal overload －
PTUC: Undercurrent －
PTUV: Undervoltage －

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PUPF: Underpower factor －

PTUF: Underfrequency －
PVOC: Voltage controlled time overcurrent －
PVPH: Volts per Hz －
PZSU: Zero speed or underspeed －
R: Logical Nodes For Protection Related Functions
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function YES
RADR: Disturbance recorder channel analogue －
RBDR: Disturbance recorder channel binary －
RDRS: Disturbance record handling －
RBRF: Breaker failure －
RDIR: Directional element －
RFLO: Fault locator －
RPSB: Power swing detection/blocking －
RREC: Autoreclosing －
RSYN: Synchronism-check or synchronizing －
C: Logical Nodes For Control
CALH: Alarm handling －
CCGR: Cooling group control －
CILO: Interlocking －
CPOW: Point-on-wave switching －
CSWI: Switch controller －
G: Logical Nodes For Generic References
GAPC: Generic automatic process control －
GGIO: Generic process I/O YES
GSAL: Generic security application －
I: Logical Nodes For Interfacing And Archiving
IARC: Archiving －
IHMI: Human machine interface －
ITCI: Telecontrol interface －
ITMI: Telemonitoring interface －
A: Logical Nodes For Automatic Control
ANCR: Neutral current regulator －
ARCO: Reactive power control －
ATCC: Automatic tap changer controller －
AVCO: Voltage control －
M: Logical Nodes For Metering And Measurement
MDIF: Differential measurements －
MHAI: Harmonics or interharmonics －
MHAN: Non phase related harmonics or interharmonic －
MMTR: Metering －
MMXN: Non phase related measurement －

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MMXU: Measurement YES

MSQI: Sequence and imbalance －
MSTA: Metering statistics －
S: Logical Nodes For Sensors And Monitoring
SARC: Monitoring and diagnostics for arcs －
SIMG: Insulation medium supervision (gas) －
SIML: Insulation medium supervision (liquid) －
SPDC: Monitoring and diagnostics for partial discharges －
X: Logical Nodes For Switchgear
TCTR: Current transformer －
TVTR: Voltage transformer －
Y: Logical Nodes For Power Transformers
YEFN: Earth fault neutralizer (Peterson coil) －
YLTC: Tap changer －
YPSH: Power shunt －
YPTR: Power transformer －
Z: Logical Nodes For Further Power System Equipment
ZAXN: Auxiliary network －
ZBAT: Battery －
ZBSH: Bushing －
ZCAB: Power cable －
ZCAP: Capacitor bank －
ZCON: Converter －
ZGEN: Generator －
ZGIL: Gas insulated line －
ZLIN: Power overhead line －
ZMOT: Motor －
ZREA: Reactor －
ZRRC: Rotating reactive component －
ZSAR: Surge arrestor －
ZTCF: Thyristor controlled frequency converter －
ZTRC: Thyristor controlled reactive component －

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Chapter 10 Installation And Commissioning

10.1 Introduction
The chapter contains instructions on how to install, commission and maintenance the protection
equipment. It can also be used as a reference if a periodic test is performed. The chapter covers
procedures for mechanical and electrical installation, energizing and checking of external circuitry,
setting and configuration as well as verifying settings and performing a directionality test.

The chapter contains the following information:

1) The “Safety information” presents warning and note signs, which the user should draw
attention to.

2) The “Overview” gives an overview over the major task when installing and commissioning
the protection equipment.

3) The “Unpacking and checking the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to
receive the protection equipment.

4) The “Installing the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to install the
protection equipment.

5) The “Checking the external circuit” contains instructions on how to check that the
protection equipment is properly connected to the protection system.

6) The “Energizing the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to start-up the
protection equipment.

7) The “Setting the protection equipment” contains instructions on how to download settings
and configuration to the protection equipment.

8) The “Establishing connection and verifying communication” contains instructions on how

to verify the communication.

9) The “Verifying settings by secondary injection” contains instructions on how to verify that
each included function operates correctly according to the set value.

10) The “Verifying the internal configuration” contains instructions on how verify that the
protection equipment is properly configured.

The chapter is addressing the installation, commissioning and maintenance personnel responsible
for taking the protection into normal service and out of service. The installation personnel must
have a basic knowledge in handling electronic equipment. The commissioning and maintenance
personnel must be well experienced in using protection equipment, test equipment, protection
functions and the configured functional logics in the protection.

10.2 Safety Information

This section contains safety information. Warning signs are presented which attend the user to be

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careful during certain operations in order to avoid human injuries or damage to equipment.

 Warning signs

Warning!

 Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working in a high voltage
environment requires serious approach to avoid human injuries and damage to
equipment.

 Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.

 Always avoid to touch the circuitry when the cover is removed. The product contains
electronic circuitries which can be damaged if exposed to static electricity (ESD). The
electronic circuitries also contain high voltage which is lethal to humans.

 Always use suitable isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.

 Never connect or disconnect a wire and/or a connector to or from a protection equipment

during normal operation. Hazardous voltages and currents are present that may be lethal.
Operation may be disrupted and protection equipment and measuring circuitry may be
damaged.

 Always connect the protection equipment to protective ground, regardless of the

operating conditions. This also applies to special occasions such as bench testing,
demonstrations and off-site configuration. Operating the protection equipment without
proper grounding may damage both terminal and measuring circuitry, and may cause
injuries in case of an accident.

 Never disconnect a secondary connection of current transformer circuit without

short-circuiting the transformer’s secondary winding. Operating a current transformer
with the secondary winding open will cause a massive potential build-up that may
damage the transformer and may cause injuries to humans.

 Never unmount the front or back cover from a powered equipment or from a protection
equipment connected to powered circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.

 Caution signs

Caution!

 Always transport modules using certified conductive bags. Always handle modules using
a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground and on a suitable antistatic
surface. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may cause damage to the module.

 Do not connect live wires to the protection equipment. Internal circuitry may be
damaged.

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 Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground when replacing
modules. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage the module and protection
equipment circuitry.

 Take care to avoid electrical shock if accessing wiring and connection protection
equipment when installing and commissioning.

 Note signs

Note!

 Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the protection equipment’s
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the change.

 The protection assembly is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times
rated value.

 Activating the other setting group without proper configuration may seriously affect the
protection equipment’s operation.

10.3 Overview
The settings for each function must be calculated before the commissioning task can start. A
configuration, made in the configuration and programming tool, must also be available if the
protection equipment does not have a factory configuration downloaded.

The protection equipment is unpacked and visually checked. It is preferably mounted in a cubicle.
The connection to the protection system has to be checked in order to verify that the installation
was successful.

The installation and commissioning task starts with configuring the digital communication modules,
if included. The protection equipment can then be configured and set, which means that settings
and a configuration has to be applied if the protection equipment does not have a factory
configuration downloaded. Then the operation of each included function according to applied
settings has to be verified by secondary injection. A complete check of the configuration can then
be made. A conformity test of the secondary system has also to be done. When the primary
system has been energized a directionality check should be made.

10.4 Unpacking and Checking The Protection Equipment

Procedure

1. Remove the transport casing.

2. Visually inspect the protection equipment.

 Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts
inside to see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.

 The rating information should be given for the protection equipment.

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 The rating information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is

correct for the particular installation.

Panel wiring:

Check the conducting wire used in the panel to assure that their cross section meet the
requirement. Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.

Label:

Check all the isolator links, terminal blocks, ferrules, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.

Equipment plug-in modules:

Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.

Earthing cable:

Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.

Switch, keypad, isolator links and push button:

Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator links and push buttons work normally
and smoothly.

3. Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery documents.

The user is requested to check that all software functions are included according to the delivery
documents after the terminal has been energized.

4. Check for transport damages.

These product checks cover all aspects of the protection, which should be checked to ensure that
the protection not only has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning but also functions
correctly and all input quantity measurements are within the stated tolerances.

10.5 Installing the Protection Equipment

10.5.1 Overview
The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must be within
permissible range according to the technical data of the protection equipment. Dusty, damp
places, places liable to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge
voltages of high amplitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar extreme
conditions should be avoided. Please refer to Chapter 1 for details.

Sufficient space must be available in front of and at rear of the protection panel to allow access for
maintenance and future modifications. Flush mounted protection equipment should be mounted
so that equipment modules can be added and replaced without excessive demounting.

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10.5.2 Dimensions
The equipment adopts IEC standard chassis and is rack with modular structure. It uses an integral
faceplate and plug terminal block on backboard for external connections. This protective device is
IEC 4U high and 19” wide. Figure 10.5-1 shows its dimensions and Figure 10.5-2 shows the panel
cut-out.

482.6

291 465.0
101.6
177.0

Figure 10.5-1 Dimensions of RCS-9XX

465.0
101.6

179.0

4-
Ф6.8
450.0

Figure 10.5-2 Panel cut-out of RCS-9XX

10.5.3 Grounding Guidelines

Switching operations in HV installations generate transient over voltages on control signal cables.
There is also a background of electromagnetic RF fields in electrical installations that can induce
spurious currents in the devices themselves or the leads connected to them.

All these influences can influence the operation of electronic apparatus. On the other hand,
electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of other apparatus.

In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.

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Note!

All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.

10.5.4 Cubicle Grounding

The cubicle must be designed and fitted out such that the impedance for RF interference of the
ground path from the electronic device to the cubicle ground terminal is as low as possible.

Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.

Note!

If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts of it
forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission of
interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.

Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (refer to Figure 10.5-3).

The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.

Note!

For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials
according to the electrochemical code.

The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding
strip (braided copper).

Door or hinged
equipment frame

Cubicle ground
rail close to floor

Braided
copper strip
Station
ground

Conducting
connection

Figure 10.5-3 Cubicle grounding system

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10.5.5 Ground Connection of Device

There is a ground terminal on the rear panel (refer to Figure 10.5-4), and the ground braided
copper strip can be connected with it. Take care that the grounding strip is always as short as
possible. The main thing is that the device is only grounded at one point. Grounding loops from
unit to unit are not allowed.

There are some ground terminals on some connectors of the relays, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (refer to Figure 10.5-4) is the only ground terminal of this device.

Figure 10.5-4 Ground terminal

10.5.6 Grounding Strips and Installation

High frequency currents are produced by interference in the ground connections and because of
skin effect at these frequencies, only the surface region of the grounding strips is of consequence.

The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round
copper conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.

Data of braided copper strip: threaded M4, 4.0mm2. Proper terminations must be fitted to both
ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting them firmly to the items to be connected.

The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.

The following figure shows the ground strip and termination.

Press/pinch fit
cable terminal

Braided
copper strip Terminal bolt

Contact surface

Figure 10.5-5 Ground strip and termination

10.5.7 Making Electrical Connections

Always make sure established guidelines for this type of terminal is followed during installation.
When necessary use screened twisted-pair cables to minimize susceptibility. Otherwise, use any
kind of regular nonscreened tinned RK cable or equivalent.

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When using screened cabling always use 360° full screen cable bushing to ensure screen
coupling. Ensure that all signals of the single circuit are in the same single cable. Avoid mixing
current and voltage measuring signals in the same cable. Also use separate cables for control and
measuring circuits.

1. Connecting the CT circuits:

Heavy-duty terminal block, M4 threaded terminal ends.

2. Connecting the auxiliary power:

Auxiliary power cords cross can be directly screwed fixed on the rear panel of DC board. Refer to
section 6.2.1

3. Input/output signal connectors:

Welding terminals. Those devices are supplied with sufficient M4 screws for making connections
to the rear mounted terminal blocks using ring terminals, with a recommended maximum of two
ring terminals per relay terminal.

To meet the insulation requirements of the terminal block, for the sake of safety, an insulating
sleeve should be fitted over the ring terminal after crimping.

The wire used for all connections to the welding terminal blocks and heavy duty terminal blocks,
except the EIA(RS)485 port, should have a minimum voltage rating of 300Vrms.

It is recommended that the auxiliary power circuit wiring should be protected by using a 16A high
rupture capacity (HRC) fuse of type NIT or TIA. For safety reasons, current transformer circuits
must never be open.

4. Connecting to protective ground:

Connect the unit to the grounding bar of the cubicle with green/yellow conductor; connected to the
protective Earthing terminal at the back of the DC board. Refer to section 6.2.1. Attend that the
earth wire must be as short as possible. All cautions have to be taken to ensure the best electrical
conductivity, particularly the contact quality, stainless conductor. The impedance between the
relay Earthing terminal and the Earth must be less than 20mΩ under 12Volt, 50Hz. What matters
is that the device has to be only grounded at one point. Loop grounding from unit to unit is not
allowed.

5. Installing the optic fibres

Connectors are generally color coded; connect blue or dark grey cable connectors to blue or dark
grey (receive) back-side connectors. Connect black or grey cable connectors to black or grey
(transmit) back-side connectors.

Fiber optical cables are sensitive to handling. Do not bend too sharply. The minimum curvature
radius is 15 cm for plastic fibers and 25 cm for glass fibers. If cable straps are used, apply with
loose fit.

Note!

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Always hold the connector, never the cable, when connecting or disconnecting optical
fibres. Do not twist, pull or bend the fibre. Invisible damage may increase fibre damping
thus making communication impossible.

6. Installing the RS-485 serial port communication cables:

When using galvanic connection between protective relay and communication equipment or
point-to-point galvanic connection between two protective relays it is essential that the cable
installation is carefully done. This is true regardless of type of module used, only the possible
length of the cable differs. The factors that must be taken into account is the susceptibility for
noise disturbance, due to that the levels of the communication signal are very low. For a best
result, a cable with twisted pairs with screen should be used.

RS485 serial communication interface, a termination 120-ohm resistor has to be connected at

each extremity of the bus. Refer to Chapter 9.

10.5.8 Typical Wiring

Relevant information about the modules and the connectors of the relay are listed in following
table. Refer to Chapter 6 can help to wire correctly and effectively.

No. Item Function

1 PWR Power supply
2 AI Analog quantity input
3 LPF Low-pass filter
4 CPU Central processing unit
5 COM Communication
6 BI Binary input
7 BI Binary input (Option)
8 SIG Signal
9 BO Binary output
A BO Binary output
B BO Binary output (Option)

The typical wiring of the protective device is shown as below.

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*
A

*
B 52

*
C

209 210 211 212 213 214 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208

Ua Ub Uc Un Ux Ux ' Ia Ia ' Ib Ib' Ic Ic ' I0 I0'

VOLTAGE INPUT CURRENT INPUT

AI

614 DC (+) + COM 901 COM 906

RM SIG
615 DC (-) - BO_Fail_1 902 BO_Fail_2 908

CENT SIG
601 BI_Pulse_GPS + BO_Alm_Abnor_1 903 BO_Alm_Abnor_2 907

602 BI_Print + BO_Trp 904 COM 919

603 BI_BlkComm + BO_Cls 905 BO_Trp1P_1 920

AR1
604 BI_RstTarg + COM 910 BO_Trp3P_1 921
Transfer Signal 1

605 EBI_DiffP + BO_Alm_Ch_1 912 BO_Lockout_1 922

BO

606 EBI_DistP + BO_Recv1_TS_1 914 COM 923

607 EBI_ROC + 916 BO_Trp1P_2 924

AR2
BO_Recv1_TS_2
608 EBI_Opt1_AR + 918 BO_Trp3P_2 925
BI

609 EBI_Opt2_AR + COM 909 BO_Lockout_2 926

Transfer Signal 2

610 EBI_Lockout + BO_Alm_Ch_2 911 COM 927

Load Shedding
617 BI_ExTrp1P_AR + BO_Recv2_TS_1 913 BO_Trp1P_3 928

618 BI_ExTrp3P_AR + 915 BO_Trp3P_3 929

BO_Recv2_TS_2
622 BI_52b_Pha + 917 BO_Lockout_3 930

623 BI_52b_Phb +

624 BI_52b_Phc +
COM A01 COM A02
625 BI_LowPres_AR +
AR1

BO_Cls_1 A11 BO_TrpA_1 A05

626 BI_Send_TT +
TRIP

627 BI_Send1_TS + COM A30

BO_TrpB_1 A07
AR2

628 BI_Send2_TS + BO_Cls_2 A29

BO_C_Trp_1 A09
COM A28

BO_Cls_3 A27 COM A04

RMT SIG

COM A16
BO_TrpA_2 A08
BO

TRIP

BO_TrpA A15

BO_TrpB_2 A10
BO_TrpB A17
DC Power Supply

101 DC+
BO_TrpC A18
BO_TrpC_2 A12
102 DC-

COM A24
103 COM A20
PWR

PC
TRIP

104 OPTO+ BO_TrpA_4 A23 BO_TrpA_3 A19

TRIP

105 OPTO- BO_TrpB_4 A25 BO_TrpB_3 A21 1 1

106 GROUND BO_TrpC_4 A26 BO_TrpC_3 A22 2 2

3 3

GROUND BUS 4 4
501 RS485A
FIBRE R
COM Interface (SU)

5 5
COM1

502 RS485B
6 6
FIBRE T
503 GND
7 7
504 RS485A
ETHERNET
8 8
COM2

505 RS485B
9 9
506 GND
COM

RS232 DB 9
Serial Port

507 RS485A
GPS

508 RS485B
DB 15

509 GND
AI FOR TEST
510 RS485A/RS232R
PTINTER

LCD
PTR

HMI

511 RS485B/RS232T
KEYPAD

512 GROUND

Figure 10.5-6 RCS-931AM integral structure diagram

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10.6 Check the External Circuit

The user must check the installation, which includes verifying that the relay is connected to the
other parts of the protection system. This is done with the relay and all connected circuits
de-energized.

1. Check the CT circuits

Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied wiring diagram.

Test the circuitry. The following tests are recommended:

 Polarity check

 CT circuit current measurement (primary injection test)

 Grounding check

The polarity check verifies the integrity of the circuits and the phase relationship. The check
should be performed as close as possible to the relay. The primary injection test verifies the CT
ration and the wiring all the way through from the primary system to the relay. Injection must be
performed for each phase-to-neutral circuit and each phase-to-phase pair. In each case currents
in all phases and the neutral line are measured.

2. Check the power supply

Check that the value of the auxiliary supply voltage remains with the permissible range under all
operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct according to the instruction manual on the
rear plate of DC board. Refer to section 6.2.1.

3. Check binary input circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector form the binary input cards. Check all connected
signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the relay’s specifications.

Note!

The binary inputs may be energized from an external dc auxiliary supply (e.g. the station
battery) in some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field
voltage otherwise damage to the protection may result. The status of each binary input
can be viewed using either RCSPC software installed in a portable PC or by checking the
front man-machine interface LCD. When each binary input is energized the display will
change to indicate the new state of the inputs.

4. Check binary output circuits

Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector form the binary output cards. Check all
connected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with the relay’s specifications.

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10.7 Energizing the Device

Before the procedures in this section can be carried out the connection to external circuitry must
have been checked which ensures that the installation was made correctly.

The user must energies the power supply to the relay to start it up. This could be done in a
numerous of ways, from energizing a whole cubicle to energizing a single relay. The user should
reconfigurate the relay settings. The relay time must be set. The self-supervision function should
also be checked to verify that the relay unit operates properly. The user could also check the
software version, the relay’s serial number, the installed modules, and their ordering number to
ensure that the relay is according to delivery and ordering specifications.

1) Setting the relay time

Refer to section 8.4.5 for detailed procedures.

2) Check the self-supervision function

Refer to Chapter 4 for detailed description.

10.8 Setting the Protection Equipment

The customer specific values for each setting parameter have to be available. Each function
included in the relay has several setting parameters which has to be set in order to make the relay
behave as intended. A default value is provided for each parameter from factory.

All settings can be:

 Download from a PC or laptop with RCSPC software or remotely by SCADA. Front port
communication has to be established before the settings can be downloaded.

 Entered manually through the local HMI (refer to section 8.2.5)

To change settings through the local HMI need a password which is “+”, “◄”, “▲” and “-”
keyboard on the front panel.

Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for determining the
application-specific settings to be applied to the protection and for testing of any scheme logic
applied by external wiring and/or configuration of the protection’s internal programmable scheme
logic.

10.9 Establishing Connection And Verifying Communication

This test should only be performed where the protection is to be accessed from a remote location
and will vary depending on the communications standard being adopted.

It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the protection’s rear communications port and any protocol converter
necessary.

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10.10 Verifying Settings by Secondary Injection

Required tools for testing of a relay:

 Calculated settings

 Substation configuration diagram

 The relay diagram

 This instruction manual

 Three-phase test equipment

The relay has to be set before the testing can start. Only the functions that are used should be
tested.

The response from a test can be viewed in different ways:

 Binary output signals

 Service values in the local HMI

 A PC with RCSPC software or SCADA or master station

All used setting groups should be tested. The user can release the functions to be tested and
prevent other functions from operation by setting the corresponding parameters. The user could
also energize the binary input [BI_BlkComm] to disable communication function to ensure that no
events are reported to remote station during the test.

The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific protection settings (i.e. both the
protection’s function and programmable scheme logic settings), for the particular installation, have
been correctly applied to the protection.

10.10.1 AC Measurement Check

1. Current measurement check

This test verifies that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.

Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading can then be checked
either in the protection’s submenu “DSP METERING” column or a portable computer connected to
the front communication port with software RCSPC.

The measurement accuracy of the protection is ± 5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.

2. Voltage measurement check

This test verifies that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.

Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading either in the protection’s
submenu “DSP METERING” or a portable computer connected to the front communication port
with software RCSPC.

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The measurement accuracy of the protection is ±5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.

Note!

The trip circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent accidental operation
of the associated circuit breaker.

10.10.2 DPFC Distance Protection Check

Note!

The applied current and/or voltage should be big enough to ensure that both general fault
detector and protective fault detector can operate.

1. Enable DPFC distance protection

1) Setting virtual binary input [VEBI_DistP] as “1”

2) The logic setting [En_Z_DPFC]=1, [En_AR]=1 and [En_NoChk_AR]=1

2. Simulate a normal condition with normal bus voltage and line voltage applied to the relay and
wait for 10s until the LED “VT ALARM” is turned off. Wait for the reclaim time of the
auto-reclosing element (15s) until LED “AR READY” lightens.

3. Simulate a internal single-phase or multi-phase fault by applying current and voltage that is
within the range of 0~Un.

For single-phase fault : U=(1+K)×I×ZSet＋(1－1.05m)×UN

For phase-to-phase fault: U=2×I×ZSet＋(1－1.05m)×√3UN

Where:

M=0.9, 1.1 and 1.2

ZSet= [Z_DPFC]

When m=0.9, DPFC distance protection should not operate reliably. When m=1.1, DPFC distance
protection should operate reliably. When m=1.2, the operation time of DPFC distance protection
within the range of 0~10ms.

Note!

The faulty time should be within the range of 100ms~150ms.

10.10.3 Current Differential Protection Check

1. Enable current differential protection

1) Setting virtual binary input [VEBI_DiffP] as “1”

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2) The logic setting [En_DiffP]=1, [En_AR]=1 and [En_NoChk_AR]=1

2. Short-circuit the terminal RX and terminal TX in the CPU module through the fibre, set
[ID_Local] = [ID_Remote] and [En_InnClock]=1 (The LED “CH ALARM” is turned off)

3. Simulate a normal condition with normal bus voltage and line voltage applied to the relay and
wait for 10s until the LED “VT ALARM” is turned off. Wait for the reclaim time of the
auto-reclosing element (15s) until LED “AR READY” lightens.

4. Simulate a internal single-phase or multi-phase fault by applying current: I=0.5×m×IMax1

Where:
IMax1=MAX([I_H_Diff], 4UN/XC1)

When m=1.05, Steady-state current differential protection operates. The time delay is 10~25ms.
When m=0.95, current differential protection should not operate reliably.

5. Simulate a internal single-phase or multi-phase fault by applying current: I=0.5×m×IMax2

Where:
IMax2=MAX([I_L_Diff], 1.5UN/XC1)

When m=1.05, Steady-state current differential protection operates. The time delay is 40~60ms.
When m=0.95, current differential protection should not operate reliably.

6. Increase the setting [I_H_Diff], [I_L_Diff], 2In recommended, and [I_ROC_FD] that is equal to
0.1Un.
7. Setting [XC1L] that make UN/XC1 is greater than 0.1In, 0.4In recommended, [XC0L] should
be a little greater than [XC1L]

8. Simulate a normal condition with three-phase positive sequence voltage and current. Current
leads the voltage 90°and is equal to UN/2XC1, which make capacitance current compensation
condition met.

9. Increase any phase current and keep the other two phases current fixedness, which make
3I0 is greater than 0.3In.

10. Zero sequence current differential protection operates. The time delay is about 120ms.

10.10.4 Distance Protection Check

Note!

The duration of AC input to simulate a fault should last longer than the time setting of
related protection element under testing.

1. Enable distance protection

1) Setting virtual binary input [VEBI_DistP] as “1”

2) The logic setting [En_ZPG1]=1, [En_ZPP1]=1, [En_AR]=1 and [En_NoChk_AR]=1

2. Simulate a normal condition with normal bus voltage and line voltage applied to the relay and

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wait for 10s until the LED “VT ALARM” is turned off. Wait for the reclaim time of the
auto-reclosing element (15s) until LED “AR READY” lightens.

3. Simulate a forward three-phase fault by applying current I=5A and voltage U=0.95×I×ZSet
(ZSet is the setting of Zone 1 of phase-to-phase distance element [Z_PP1]).

4. The zone 1 of distance element should operate. LED “TRIP” on the front plate should lighten
and a trip report appears on the LCD screen.

5. Simulate a forward single phase-earth fault by applying current I=5A and voltage U=0.95×
(1+K)×I×ZSet (ZSet is the setting of Zone 1 of phase-to-ground distance element [Z_PG1], K=
[K0] setting) to phase A.

6. The zone 1 of phase-to-ground distance element should operate.

7. Check zone 2, 3 of phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase distance elements using the above
method.

8. Simulate reverse single phase-to-ground fault and three-phase by applying 4In current and
0V voltage to the corresponding phase(s). The distance elements should not operate.

Note!

When reverse three phases fault happens with voltage is 0V, zone 3 distance relay will
pick up after memorized polarization quantity disappears, and then trip with time delay
[t_PP3] or [t_PG3].

10.10.5 Directional Zero-sequence Overcurrent Protection Check

1. Enable zero sequence overcurrent protection

1) Setting virtual binary input [VEBI_ROC] as “1”

2) Logic setting [En_AR]=1 and [En_NoChk_AR]=1

2. Simulate a normal condition with normal bus voltage and line voltage applied to the relay.
Wait for the reclaim time of the auto-reclosing element (15s) until LED “AR READY” lightens

3. Simulate a forward single phase-to-ground fault by applying 30V voltage and current I=1.05
×ISet (ISet is the setting of stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
[I_ROC2]) to phase A. Phase angle of injected current lags 78 degrees to voltage.

4. The stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection should operate.

5. Apply 30V voltage and current I=0.95×ISet (ISet is the setting of stage 2 of directional
zero-sequence overcurrent element [I_ROC2]) to phase A. Phase angle of injected current
lags 78 degrees to voltage. The stage 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection
should not operate.
6. Apply 30V voltage and current I=1.2×ISet (ISet is the setting of stage 2 of directional
zero-sequence overcurrent protection [I_ROC2]) to phase A. Phase angle of injected current
leads 102 degrees to voltage. The zero sequence overcurrent element should not operate.

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10.10.6 Overcurrent Protection for VT Circuit Failure check

1. Setting virtual binary input [VEBI_DistP] as “1”

2. Simulate a fault by applying current I=m×[I_OC_VTS] when VTS. When m=1.05, phase
overcurrent protection with VTS operates. When m=0.95, phase overcurrent protection with
VTS does not operate. When m=1.2, check the time delay.

3. Energizing the binary input [EBI_ROC]=1

4. Simulate a fault by applying current 3I0=m×[I_ROC_VTS] when VTS. When m=1.05, phase
overcurrent protection with VTS operates. When m=0.95, phase overcurrent protection with
VTS does not operate. When m=1.2, check the time delay.

10.10.7 Binary Input Check

Energize every binary input respectively, check there state changes. Refer to section 6.2.6.

10.10.8 Binary Output Check

1. Cut-off the DC power supply of the equipment, the normally closed contacts (901-902) and
(906-907) are closed. Under the normal condition, they are open.

2. When CT circuit failure, the normally open contacts (901-903) and (906-908) are closed.

3. Open the circuit of tripping output and enable current differential protection, distance
protection and zero sequence overcurrent protection. When simulate a three-phase fault by
applying 0V voltage and 10A current, the normally open contacts (903-907), (908-912),
(924-925), (926-927) and (919-921), (923-925), (927-929) are closed.

4. Open the circuit of tripping output, enable current differential protection, distance protection,
zero sequence overcurrent protection and auto-reclosing and set [En_NoChk_AR]=1. After
the LED “VT ALARM” is turned off and LED “AR READY” is lightened, simulating a
three-phase fault by applying 0V voltage and 10A current, the normally open contacts
(901-905), (A01-A11) and (A29-A30) are closed.

5. Open the circuit of tripping output and set [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR]=1. Simulate an

phase-to-phase fault that only results in zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance protection
operating, the normally open contacts (919-922), (923-926) and (927-930) are closed.

6. Shorten contact (614-627) and energize the binary input [BI_Send_TS1], the normally open
contact (910-914) and (916-918) are closed. Shorten contact (614-628) and energize the
binary input [BI_Send_TS2], the normally open contact (909-913) and (915-917) are closed.

7. Broken “TX” of optic fibre interface in CPU module with “RX” of optic fibre in CPU module, the
LED “CH ALARM” will be lightened and the normally open contacts (910-912) and
(909-911)are closed.

10.10.9 Channel Check

When the following two conditions are met, the fibre channel is considered to be good.

 The LED “CH ALARM” is turned off on the front panel of equipment without the alarm

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[Alm_CH] and these normally open contacts TDGJ are not closed.

 Press key “▲” to enter the main menu at first. Move cursor to the item “VALUES→COMM
CH” and press key “ENT” to display following interface and then press key “ESC” to exit. The
number of [N_LossSyn], [N_CrcFail], [N_FrameErr] and [N_FrameDly] are not changed. (add
10 per day mostly)

Comm Ch

Remote ID : 000500

Ch Delay : 00000us

From 2007 02-28 „

Comm Ch

From 2007 02-28 „

N_LossSyn : 00000

N_CrcFail : 00000

Comm Ch

N_CrcFail : 00000

N_FrameErr : 00000

N_FrameDly : 00000

Where:

Remote_ID : the identity of equipment on remote end

Ch Delay: the time delay in the channel

From 2007 02-28 : begin numbering from 2007 02-28

N_LossSyn : the number of losing synchronism

N_CrcFail : the number of error data

N_FrameErr : the number of abnormal message

N_FrameDly : the number of the time delay of message extending fixed interval.

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Note!

Please keep the fibre optic splice clear, when connect the fibre optic splice to the fibre
optic interface, ensure the bulge of fibre optic splice align with the gap of enamel and then
screw up the FC splice.

If the equipment of channel interface is used in the channel, which should be kept earthing
reliably, the tie line between interface equipment and communication equipment should
conformity with the requirement of NARI and the two terminal of tie line should be earthing
reliably. The earthing net of protection cubicle and communication cubicle should be
divided in physical.

10.10.10 Print Report

In order to acquire the details of protection operation, it is convenient to print the fault report of
protection device. The printing work can be easily finished when operator presses the print button
on panel of protection device to energize binary input [BI_Print] or operate control menu. What
should be noticed is that only the latest fault report can be printed if operator presses the print
button. A complete fault report includes the content shown as follows.

1. Trip event report

2. Binary input when protection devices start

3. Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start

4. Fault wave forms compatible with COMTRADE

5. The setting value when the protection device trips

10.11 Final Check

After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.

Ensure that the protection has been restored to service.

If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.

Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.

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 Chapter 11 Maintenance

Chapter 11 Maintenance
NR numerical relay RCS-900 series line relay is designed to require no special maintenance. All
measurement and signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully
solid state. The output relays are hermetically sealed.

Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals
are not required.

Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.

11.1 Appearance Check

1. The relay case should be clean without any dust stratification. Case cover should be sealed
well. No component has any mechanical damage and distortion, and they should be firmly
fixed in the case. Relay terminals should be in good condition. The keys on the front panel
with very good feeling can be operated flexibly.

2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the
primary system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the
relay board when it is unnecessary.

3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.

11.2 Failure Tracing And Repair

Failures will be detected by automatic supervision or regular testing.

When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “ALM REPORT” screen on the LCD.

When a failure is detected during regular testing, confirm the following:

 Test circuit connections are correct

 Modules are securely inserted in position

 Correct DC power voltage is applied

 Correct AC inputs are applied

 Test procedures comply with those stated in the manual

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11.3 Replace Failed Modules

If the failure is identified to be in the relay module and the user has spare modules, the user can
recover the protection by replacing the failed modules.

Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.

Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. And the AI and PWR module replaced should have the
same ratings.

The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “VERSION”.

Caution!

When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist
band and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the
electronic components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the
settings.

1. Replacing a module

 Switch off the DC power supply

 Disconnect the trip outputs

 Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs

 Unscrew the module.

Warning!

Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.

2. Replacing the Human Machine Interface Module (front panel)

 Open the relay front panel

 Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.

 Detach the HMI module from the relay

 Attach the replacement module in the reverse procedure.

3. Replacing the AI, PWR, CPU, BI or BO module

 Unscrew the module connector

 Unplug the connector from the target module.

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 Unscrew the module.

 Pull out the module

 Inset the replacement module in the reverser procedure.

 After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.

Warning!

Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.

Warning!

When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist
band and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the
electronic components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the
settings.

Danger!

After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.

11.4 Replace Button Battery

When the voltage of button Battery on CPU board is below 3 volts (nominal voltage is 3.6 volts),
please replace the button battery to ensure internal clock of CPU board running correctly.

11.5 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning.

Front panel cleaning: use a smooth cloth. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.

11.6 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-6 the storage temperature should be from -40oC to 70oC, but the temperature of from -10oC
to 40oC is recommended for long-term storage.

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 Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal

Chapter 12 Decommissioning and Disposal

12.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off

To switch off the protective device, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power
supply.

2. Disconnecting Cables

Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.

Danger!

Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the DC module of the
protective device, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power
supply is switched off.

Danger!

Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.

3. Dismantling

The protective device rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles
may also be removed.

Danger!

When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.

12.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.

Note!

Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.

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 Chapter 13 Manual Version History

Chapter 13 Manual Version History

In the latest version of the instruction manual, several descriptions on existing features have been
modified.

Manual version and modification history records

Manual Version Software

Date Description of change
Source New Version
R1.00 R3.00 2010-07-30 Form the original manual.
R1.00 R1.01 R3.10 2011-09-09

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