Lesson 5

Physical and Chemical changes

K W L
 I know that
changes are
 Chemical
reaction and its
reversible and
characteristics.
irreversible.
 Changes are two  Types of
kinds, physical and chemical
chemical. reactions.
 Resting of iron.

Pre-Test
1. Freezing of water is an example of……………………change?
2. Melting gold to make new earrings is ……..
a) Physical change b) Chemical change
c) Irreversible change d) Undesirable change
3. Burning coal for a barbecue is ………………
a) Physical change b) Chemical change
c) Irreversible change d) Undesirable change
True/ False
4. Physical change cannot be reversed, while chemical changes can be
reversed.
5. Rusting of iron is a physical change.
Topic: Reversible and irreversible changes
Learning objectives:
 To define reversible and irreversible changes.
Starter Activity
Think, Pair, share
If you mix flour and water, and then bake it into bread, can you
reverse the change? Why or why not?
Activity 1:
Classify the given changes as reversible or irreversible
• Souring of milk
• Melting of chocolate
• Stretching of a rubber band
• Powdering a chalk stick
• Kneading of dough
• Adding sugar to water
• Baking cake
• Melting of ice
• Burning of wood
Define the following
Reversible changes: The changes which can be reversed by
changing the physical conditions.
Irreversible changes: The original substance can’t be obtained
back by reversing the action.
Answer the following
1. Can a physical change be reversible or irreversible depending on
the conditions? Explain with suitable example.
Ans: Yes, a change can be reversible or irreversible depending on the
conditions. For example, stretching a rubber band is a reversible change,
but cutting it into pieces results in an irreversible change.
Topic: Physical changes
Learning Objectives:
To define physical changes and enlist its characteristics
Scientific Vocabulary
• Reversible physical change
• Irreversible physical change
Starter Activity
Think, Pair, Share
What happens when you fold a paper and when you cut a paper?
Are both changes reversible? Why or why not?
Activity:
Observe the following cases and complete the table given below:
• Case 1: A paper boat is made by folding a piece of paper, and
another by cutting and gluing pieces of paper.
• Case 2: Ice cubes are melted to form water. Based on the
above cases, fill in the table to identify whether the changes are
reversible or irreversible, and state the reason for your answer.
 Answer the following.
1. Define Physical change.
A change in which only the physical properties of any substance
get changed and no new substance is formed is called a physical
change.
2. Create a Frayer Model for the concept of physical change.
Definition: Characteristics:
A change in which only the physical  No new substance is formed
properties of any substance get changed Reversible (often)
and no new substance is formed is called  Only state, shape, or size
a physical change changes.
Same chemical properties
Examples Physical change Non-examples
- Melting of ice Burning wood
- Boiling of water - Rusting of iron
- Tearing paper - Baking a cake
- Dissolving sugar in water - Digestion of food
 3. Identify which of the given changes are physical changes and
which are not. Justify your answers.
a. Melting chocolate
b. Burning paper
c. Chopping wood
d. Rusting of iron
Ans: Melting chocolate – Physical change
Only the state changes (solid to liquid); no new substance is formed.
b. Burning paper – Not a physical change
New substances like ash and gases are formed; it's a chemical change.
c. Chopping wood – Physical change
Only the size and shape change; the wood remains the same substance.
d. Rusting of iron – Not a physical change
A new substance (iron oxide) is formed; it's a chemical change.
HOTS question
1. Rohan noticed that when his mother boils water, steam rises from
the pot. Later, the steam condenses on the kitchen window and
turns into water droplets. He wondered, “Has the water turned into
a new substance during this process?”
How would you respond to Rohan’s question?
Ans: No, the water has not changed into a new substance. It only
changed its state from liquid to gas and back to liquid, which is a
physical change.
Asset Question
1. What happens to the atoms in a substance during a physical
change?
a) They rearrange, but no new bonds are formed
b) They break apart and form new substances
 c) They are destroyed and replaced by new ones
d) They change into completely different atoms
Topic:Chemical changes
Learning Objectives:
To observe and interpret the formation of a new substance during a
chemical change.
Starter Activity:

Activity:
Based on the experiments, write down the Hypothesis, observation and
inference.
Experiments Hypothesis Observation Inference
1. Chemical reaction between copper
sulphate solution and iron nail

2. Chemial reaction between Vinegar

and baking soda

3. Burning of magnesium ribbon

4. Test the acidic or basic nature of

magnesium oxide using litmus
paper.
Experiments:
1. Chemical reaction between copper sulphate solution and iron
nail.

Word equation: Iron + Copper sulphate → Iron sulphate + Copper

Blue coloured copper sulphate turns into light green colour (Iron
sulphate) and copper is deposited on the surface of iron nail. A
parmanent chemical change happend.
2. Chemial reaction between Vinegar and baking soda
Procedure:
Step1:
• Take some vinegar in a test tube
• Add a pinch of baking soda to the vinegar
Observation: Bubbles(evolution of gas) and fizzing sound produced.
Word equation:
Baking soda + Vinegar → Carbon dioxide + Water + Sodium acetate
Step 2:
• Allow the gas produced to pass through a test tube containing lime
water. (Lime water: a clear, saturated solution of calcium
hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) in water)
Observation: Lime water turns into milky water.
Word equation;
Carbon dioxide + Limewater → Calcium carbonate + Water
(Milkywater)
3. Burning of magnesium ribbon
Procedure
Step1:
Take a magnesium ribbon and clean it by rubbing its surface with sand
paper to get shining metal.Hold magnesium ribbon over the flame of a
Bunsen burner till it catches fire.

Observation:
Magnesium ribbob turns into ashes (Magnesium oxide)
Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium oxide
Step2:
Take the white powder (Magnesium oxide) in a beaker containing water
and stir it thoroughly to dissolve.Test the mixture with blue and red
litmus papers.
Observation:
When magnesium oxide is dissolved in water , it combine with water to
form a new substance (Magnesium hydroxide). Red litmus paper turns
into blue ( Basic natute) and no colour change in blue litmus).
Word equation: Magnesium oxide + Water → Magnesium hydroxide
Activity: Create a Frayer Model for the concept of Chemical change

Answer the following

1. Define the following:
a. Chemical change: A change in which one or more new
substances with entirely different chemical composition and
properties from the original substances are formed is called
chemical change.
b. Chemical reaction: The process by which one or more
substances transform into new substances having entirely
different properties from the original substances is called
chemical reaction.
c. Reactants: The substances that react with each other to form
new substances.
d. Products: The new products formed after a chemical change.
 HOT Question

1. Priya observed a reaction of copper sulphate with iron in the

chemistry lab.
Copper Sulphate + Iron → Iron Sulphate + Copper

a) What new substances are formed in the reaction she

observed?
b) What change did she notice in the colour of the copper
sulphate solution?
c) Can we say that a change in colour always indicates a
chemical change? If not, provide an example to support
your answer.

Ans; (a) The new substances formed are Iron Sulphate and Copper.

(b) Priya would observe that the blue colour of the copper
sulphate solution fades and turns light green due to the formation of iron
sulphate.

(c) No, not all colour changes are chemical changes.

For example, when water is mixed with blue ink, the colour changes, but
no new substance is formed. This is a physical change, not a chemical
one.

Real life based questions

1. Why is it not advisable to keep stainless steel spoons inside
pickle jars for a long time?
Ans: We should not put stainless steel spoons in pickle jars
because pickles contain acids, and acids can react with the metal
 in the spoon. This reaction may produce harmful substances and
can spoil the pickle. It’s safer to use plastic or wooden spoons.

2. LPG stored in a gas cylinder is in liquid form. What physical and

chemical changes take place when it is released from the cylinder
and used?
Ans: Physical Change:
 LPG changes from liquid to gas due to a drop in pressure. This is a
physical change because the state changes but the substance
remains the same.
Chemical Change:
 When LPG burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to form carbon
dioxide and water with the release of heat. This is a chemical
change because new substances are formed.
So, both physical and chemical changes occur when LPG is used.
Asset Question
1. A few raw fruits are placed in a bowl of ripe fruits. The next
day, it is observed that the raw fruits have ripened. Which type
of change has occurred within the raw fruits?

(a) Chemical change as the change cannot be reversed

(b) Chemical change as the shape of the fruit changes
(c) Physical change as the colour of fruit changes
(d) Chemical change as the appearance of the fruit change

Topic: Word Equation

Learning objective:
To represent a chemical change as a chemical reaction using a word
equation.
Starter Activity: Think, pair, share
When hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form water, how many
hydrogen atoms and how many oxygen atoms are there in one molecule
of water?
Activity:
Write the word equations for the following reactions.
a) Formation of water

b) Reaction of magnesium ribbon with oxygen.

c) Reaction of carbon with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.

Answer the following

1. Write down the evidences/ characteristics of chemical reaction.
 Ans: Change in physical state
 Evolution of gas
 Change in colour and smell
 Formation of precipitate
 Absorption or release of heat.
2. Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic reaction?
Ans: The reaction in which energy in the form of heat is released
are called exothermic reaction.
The reaction in which energy in the form of heat is absorbed in the
form of heat is called endothermic reaction.
 HOT Question
1. When a soda water bottle is opened, a gas escapes. Does this
involve a chemical change? Explain your answer
Ans: No, a chemical reaction does not occur.
When a soda water bottle is opened, carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) that
was dissolved under pressure escapes with a fizzing sound. This is
a physical change, not a chemical change, because:
 No new substance is formed.
 Only the state of carbon dioxide changes (from dissolved gas in
liquid to free gas).
 The process is reversible under pressure
2. What do you observe when magnesium is burnt? What is the
new substance produced called? Is it acidic or basic?
Ans: When magnesium is burnt, it burns with a bright white flame
and forms a white powder called magnesium oxide.
Magnesium oxide is basic in nature.

1. Define reactant and product.

Ans: Reactant: The substances that react with each other to form
new substances are called reactants.
Product: The new substances formed after a chemical change are
called products.

Asset Question
1. A chemical reaction in which heat is given out is called
A. Exothermic reaction
B. Endothermic reaction
C. Decomposition reaction
D. Neutralisation reaction.
Research: In what ways do chemical reactions in the environment
contribute to climate change, and how can we help minimize their
effects?
Topic: Types of chemical reactions
Learning objective:
To analyse different types of chemical reactions.
1. Combination Reaction
2. Decomposition Reaction
3. Displacement Reaction
Combination reaction:
The chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to
form a single product is known as combination reaction.
Example: Carbon + Oxygen Carbon dioxide

Decomposition reaction:
The chemical reaction in which one substance breaks down
(decomposes) into two or more simpler substances is known as
decomposition reaction.
Eg: Baking soda Sodium Carbonate + Water + Carbon dioxide

Displacement reaction:
The chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less
reactive element from its compound is called displacement reaction.
Eg: Silver nitrate + Copper Copper nitrate + Silver
Activity:

Topic: Rusting of iron:

Learning Objectives:
To analyse the process of rusting and different method for the prevention
of rusting,
To describe different methods for prevention of rusting.
Scientific vocabulary
Galvanisation
Stainless steel
Hydrated iron oxide
Starter Activity: Think,Pair and Share
If iron is a strong metal, why do old iron gates and tools become weak
and break over time.
Activity:
1. What is rust, and what factors speed up the rusting process?
Ans; Iron objects , when kept in moist air for a few days, get covered
with brown powdery substances called rust. This process is called
rusting of iron. Rust is soft and porous, rusting makes the iron objects
weak and useless.
Two conditions are necessary for rusting of iron
1. Presence of oxygen (air)
2. Presence of moisture
Word equation:

Prevention methods:
1. Coating the iron surfaces with paint or grease:
It prevent the iron objects coming in contact with air and
moisture hence, rusting is prevented.
2. Coating with other metals ( Galvanisation)
Galvanisation: The process of depositing a thin layer or coating of zinc
metal on iron objects is called galvanization.
 3. By converting iron into stainless steel or alloying
Molten iron is mixed with a fixed amount of carbon, Manganese,
Chromium and nickel.On cooling, it forms an alloy called stainless steel.
It doesn’t rust at all in moist air.
Topic: Crystallisation:
Learning objectives:
To analyse the steps involved in the process of crystallisation.
Crystals:
Crystals are the purest solid form of a substances with a definite
geometrical shape.
Crystallisation:
It is the process of obtaining pure solid crystals having a definite
geometrical shape.
Activity:
1. Is the crystallisation of copper sulfate a physical or chemical
change? Justify your answer.
Ans: The crystallisation of copper sulfate is a physical change.
 In crystallisation, only the physical state or form of copper sulfate
changes from a solution to solid crystals.
 The chemical composition of copper sulfate remains the same.
 No new substance is formed; the process is reversible because the
crystals can dissolve back into water to form the solution again.