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• Table of Contents

Visual Modeling with Rational Rose 2002 and UML

By Terry Quatrani

Publisher : Addison Wesley

Pub Date : October 09, 2002

ISBN : 0-201-72932-6
Pages : 288

Within the space of just a few years, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has emerged as the design medium of
choice for developing large-scale distributed object applications. The UML's standard semantics and notation for
describing object structure and behavior make it particularly well suited to this function. Augmented by the Rational
Unified Process, an extensive set of software development guidelines, and the Rational Rose visual modeling tool,
the UML greatly facilitates the process of developing quality object-oriented applications that meet both deadlines and
requirements.

Fully updated and revised, Visual Modeling with Rational Rose 2002 and UML is a comprehensive introduction and
tutorial that shows how to use a tool (Rational Rose 2002), a process (the Rational Unified Process), and a language
(the UML) to successfully visualize, specify, document, and construct a software system. This timely new edition,
written by the UML Evangelist at Rational Software Corporation, breaks the technology down to its essentials and
provides clear explanations of each element. The book follows a simplified version of the Rational Unified Process
from project inception through system analysis and design. The popular sample case study from the previous editions
(a registration system for a fictional university) has been retained and updated, now better illustrating the iterative
development process in practice, the UML in action, and the proper application of Rational Rose 2002. Newly
updated appendixes demonstrate code generation and reverse engineering using Rational Rose 2002 with the C++,
Visual C++, and Visual Basic programming languages. In addition, a handy glossary defines key object technology
and software modeling terms.

Topics covered include:

 Creating use cases

Finding objects and classes

UML stereotypes and packages

Scenarios, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams

Discovering object interaction

Specifying relationships, association, and aggregation

Adding behavior and structure

Superclass/subclass relationships and inheritance

Object behavior and Harel state transition diagrams

Checking for model consistency

Specifying, visualizing, and documenting system architecture

The iteration planning process

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• Table of Contents

Visual Modeling with Rational Rose 2002 and UML

By Terry Quatrani

Publisher : Addison Wesley

Pub Date : October 09, 2002
ISBN : 0-201-72932-6
Pages : 288

Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Goals
Approach
Chapter Summaries
Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Introduction
What is Visual Modeling?
The Triangle for Success
The Role of Notation
History of the UML
The Role of Process
What is Iterative and Incremental Development?
The Rational Unified Process
The Rational Rose Tool
Summary

Chapter 2. Beginning a Project

Defining the Right Project
Eastern State University (ESU) Background
Risks for the Course Registration Problem
ESU Course Registration Problem Statement
Summary

Chapter 3. Creating Use Cases

 System Behavior
Actors
Use Cases
Use Case Relationships
Use Case Diagrams
Activity Diagrams
Summary

Chapter 4. Finding Classes

What is an Object?
State, Behavior, and Identity
What is a Class?
Stereotypes and Classes
Discovering Classes
Documenting Classes
Packages
Objects and Classes in the ESU Course Registration Problem
Class Diagrams
Summary

Chapter 5. Discovering Object Interaction

Use Case Realization
Documenting Scenarios
Sequence Diagrams
Sequence Diagrams and Boundary Classes
Complexity and Sequence Diagrams
Collaboration Diagrams
Why Are There Two Different Diagrams?
Sequence Diagram for the ESU Course Registration System
Summary

Chapter 6. Specifying Relationships

The Need for Relationships
Association Relationships
Aggregation Relationships
Association or Aggregation?
Naming Relationships
Role Names
Multiplicity Indicators
Reflexive Relationships
Finding Relationships
Package Relationships
Summary

Chapter 7. Adding Behavior and Structure

Representing Behavior and Structure
Creating Operations
Documenting Operations
Relationships and Operation Signatures
Creating Attributes
Documenting Attributes
 Displaying Attributes and Operations
Association Classes
Summary

Chapter 8. Discovering Inheritance

Inheritance
Generalization
Specialization
Inheritance Trees
Single Inheritance Versus Multiple Inheritance
Inheritance Versus Aggregation
Summary

Chapter 9. Analyzing Object Behavior

Modeling Dynamic Behavior
States
State Transitions
Special States
State Transition Details
State Details
Summary

Chapter 10. Checking the Model

Why Homogenize?
Combining Classes
Splitting Classes
Eliminating Classes
Consistency Checking
Scenario Walk-Through
Event Tracing
Documentation Review
Summary

Chapter 11. Designing the System Architecture

The Need for Architecture
The Architecture Team
THe 4+1 View of Architecture
The Logical View
The Implementation View
The Process View
The Deployment View
The Use Case View
Summary

Chapter 12. Building the Iterations

The Iteration Planning Process
Designing the User Interface
Adding Design Classes
The Emergence of Patterns
Designing Relationships
Designing Attributes and Operations
 Designing for Inheritance
Coding, Testing, and Documenting the Iteration
Using Reverse Engineering to Set the Stage for the Next Iteration
Summary

Appendix A. Code Generation and Reverse Engineering with C++

Code Generation
Reverse Engineering Using the C++ Analyzer

Appendix B. Code Generation and Reverse Engineering with Visual C++ and Visual Basic
Code Generation
Reverse Engineering

Appendix C. A Visual Basic Example

Make an ActiveX DLL
Reuse the ActiveX DLL

Glossary
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Copyright

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the
designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals.

The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied
warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.

The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases and special sales. For more
information, please contact:

U.S. Corporate and Government Sales

(800) 382-3419

[email protected]

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Visit Addison-Wesley on the Web: www.awprofessional.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Quatrani, Terry.

Visual modeling with Rational Rose 2002 and UML / Terry Quatrani.

p. cm.

ISBN 0-201-72932-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Visual programming (Computer science) 2. Object-oriented methods (Computer science) 3. UML (Computer
science) I. Title.

QA76.65 .Q39 2003

006.6'6—dc21 2002027847

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any
form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the
publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada.

For information on obtaining permission for use of material from this work, please submit a written request to:

Pearson Education, Inc.

Rights and Contracts Department

75 Arlington Street, Suite 300

Boston, MA 02116

Fax: (617) 848-7047

Text printed on recycled paper

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—CRS—06 05 04 03 02

First printing, October 2002

DEDICATION

TO MY HUSBAND, ERNIE,
AND MY SONS, MIKE, MATT, AND STEVE
FOR THEIR LOVE, PATIENCE, AND SUPPORT
AS MOM SPENT YET ANOTHER NIGHT
IN FRONT OF HER COMPUTER.

I WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK ALEX BARAN,

WHO MANY YEARS AGO PROMISED ME FAME AND
FORTUNE. I FIGURE THIS BOOK AND ITS TWO PREDECESSORS
TAKE CARE OF THE FAME PART. I AM STILL
WAITING FOR THE FORTUNE PART
TO COME TRUE.

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Foreword

Edward Tufte, in his seminal work, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, notes that "graphics reveal data."
What he means by this statement is that certain complex sets of data, when visualized graphically, convey far more
information to the reader than the raw data itself. So it is with software; as our industry continues to develop systems
of greater and greater complexity our ability to manage that complexity follows our ability to visualize our systems
above the level of their raw lines of code. Indeed, the market success of languages such as Visual Basic (for which
there are more developers than any other programming language, even COBOL) and visual front ends to C++ and
Java point out that visualization is essential to the development of complex systems. With the advent of distributed
and concurrent systems of all kinds, and especially of web-based systems, the need for visualization of software has
never been greater.

As Terry Quatrani writes, her book is "an introduction to the concepts needed to visualize a software system—a
process, a notation, and a modeling tool." As I said in the foreword to Terry's first edition, it's clear that these three
key components of software development continue to mature and multiply. Today, developers have an even wider
range of tools to assist in every aspect of the software development process than they had just two years ago.
Furthermore, standards in methods, languages, and tools have begun to emerge and gain widespread adoption,
allowing the industry to focus cycle time on actually developing and deploying complex software systems, rather than
being distracted by the method wars of the past. Though much debate still continues over languages, I have been
privileged to participate in this ongoing process of standardization, not only in the development of the Unified
Modeling Language (UML) but recently in the move towards a standard development process initiated, as was UML,
within Rational Software. It's been gratifying to see the widespread industry support and acceptance of the UML and
the growing popularity of Rational Rose, the Rational Suites, and now the Rational Unified Process. As our industry
faces the challenges of building large-scale distributed object applications, the use of common tools and methods
and industry-wide standards offers the promise of achieving the true interoperability and reuse of software long
sought.

Terry has been working with Rational Rose and the UML almost from its inception. Her knowledge and experience of
methods is extensive, and she has been a driving force in the training and mentoring of Rational's customers on the
use of the UML. This book is an extension of her everyday work and clearly reflects her pragmatic knowledge of
these subjects and the insights that she has gained from working on a multitude of complex software systems.
Developers seeking guidance in visualizing a software system will learn from Terry how to specify, visualize,
document, and create a software solution using the industry's leading tools and methods, all expressed in standard
notation. I've enjoyed the benefits of Terry's experience and insight for years; I know you will too.

Grady Booch

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Preface

Goals

Approach

Chapter Summaries

Acknowledgments

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Goals

When I set out to write the first version of this book, I thought, "This should be pretty easy . . . I do this for a living."
Boy, was I wrong! Putting into words what I do on a daily basis was one of the hardest things I have ever done (all
right, childbirth was more painful, but not by much). But I persevered, spent many, many nights and weekends in
front of my computer, and gave birth to Visual Modeling with Rational Rose and UML. I must admit that the first time I
saw my book on the bookshelf at a local bookstore, I was thrilled. I also found out that you need to have very thick
skin to read book reviews. My book is unique since people seem to love it (5 stars) or they are less than impressed
with it (1 star). For some reason, I rarely get a rating in between.

I have also figured out that writing a book that is tied to a tool is like rearing a child—it needs constant care. So, once
again, I have spent hours in front of my computer updating my book to adhere to the features found in Rational Rose
2002. And no, writing it has not gotten much easier.

As far as the two camps of reviewers, nothing will change there. If you liked the first two versions, you will like this
one since the goal of the book has not changed: to be a simple introduction to the world of visual modeling. If you
were less than impressed with the first two versions, you will probably not like this version either. It is not a complete
guide to the UML (these books have been written by Grady and Jim and I am not even going to attempt to compete
with the definitive experts). It is not a complete guide to the Rational Unified Process (these books have been written,
quite nicely, by Philippe and Ivar). It is not even a good book on C++ (in fact, I usually tell people that I no longer write
code for a living, and there is a very good reason that I don't). As I stated, this book is meant to take a simple, first
look at how a process, a language, and a tool may be used to create a blueprint of your system.

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Approach

This book takes a practical approach to teaching visual modeling techniques and the UML. It uses a case study to
show the analysis and design of an application. The application is a course registration system for a university. This
problem domain was chosen because it is understood easily and is not specific to any field of computer science. You
can concentrate on the specifics of modeling the domain rather than investing time in understanding an unfamiliar
problem domain.

The problem is treated seriously enough to give you practical exercise with visual modeling techniques and the
feeling for solving a real problem, without being so realistic that you are bogged down in details. Thus many
interesting and perhaps necessary requirements, considerations, and constraints were put aside to produce a
simplified, yet useful case study fitting the scope of this book.

For additional details on visual modeling and the UML or on applying the techniques to your application, you should
consider the training and mentoring services offered by Rational Software Corporation. Details may be found at the
Rational website: www.rational.com.

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Chapter Summaries

The ordering and number of chapters in this version of the book have not been changed, but the content of the
chapters has been updated. The screen shots and Rational Rose instructions have been changed so they reflect
what you will see with Rational Rose 2002.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Introduces the techniques, language, and process that are used throughout the book. This chapter discusses the
benefits of visual modeling, the history of the UML, and the software development process used.

Chapter 2: Beginning a Project

Contains information that is related to the Course Registration System case study that is used throughout the book.

Chapter 3: Creating Use Cases

Discusses the techniques used to examine system behavior from a use-case approach.

Chapter 4: Finding Classes

Discusses the concepts and notations used for finding objects and classes. This chapter also discusses the UML
concepts of stereotypes and packages.

Chapter 5: Discovering Object Interaction

Discusses the addition of scenarios to the system to describe how use cases are realized as interactions among
societies of objects. This chapter also examines how sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams may be used to
capture scenarios.
Chapter 6: Specifying Relationships

Illustrates the definition of relationships between classes in the system. Specifically, the concepts of association and
aggregation are explored.

Chapter 7: Adding Behavior and Structure

Shows how the needed structure and behavior of classes are added to the model under development.

Chapter 8: Discovering Inheritance

Illustrates the application of generalization and specialization principles to discover superclass/subclass relationships.

Chapter 9: Analyzing Object Behavior

Uses Harel state transition diagrams to provide additional analysis techniques for classes with significant dynamic
behavior.

Chapter 10: Checking the Model

Discusses techniques used to blend and check models for consistency. These techniques are needed when different
teams are working on a single project in parallel.

Chapter 11: Designing the System Architecture

Contains an introduction to the concepts and notation needed to specify and document the system architecture. This
chapter is not meant to be a tell-all process guide to the development of the architecture—it is meant to be a guide to
the notation and process used to specify, visualize, and document the system architecture. It is placed at this point in
the structure of the book since the architectural decisions specified in this chapter must be made prior to the
information contained in later chapters.

Chapter 12: Building the Iterations

Discusses the iteration planning process. It also looks at the UML notation used to specify and document the design
decisions that occur during the implementation of an iteration. The chapter does not focus on good (or bad) design
decisions—it looks at the process and notations used to capture the design of an iteration.

Appendix A: Code Generation and Reverse Engineering with C++

Provides step-by-step guides to code generation and reverse engineering using the Rational Rose 2002 and the C++
language.

Appendix B: Code Generation and Reverse Engineering with Visual C++ and Visual Basic

Provides step-by-step guides to code generation and reverse engineering using Rational Rose 2002 and the Visual
C++ and Visual Basic languages.

Appendix C: A Visual Basic Example

Provides a step-by-step demonstration showing how to create and reuse a Visual Basic DLL.

Glossary

Provides definitions of terms used throughout the book.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank a number of individuals for their contributions to the content, style, presentation, and writing of
this book.

Special thanks to the following people:

Steve Bailey (Tier Technologies), Naveena Bereny, Kurt Bittner, Grady Booch, Jim Conallen, Ed Delio, Lisa Dornell,
Matt Drahzal, Maria Ericsson, Jim Ford, Adam Frankl, Scott Frohman, Jim Gillespie, Dorothy Green, Jon Hopkins,
Ivar Jacobson, Jason James, Philippe Kruchten, Eric Lipanovich, Peter Luckey, Greg Meyers, Sue Mickel, Laura
Mullins, Larry O'Brien, Sylvia Pacheco, Jim Pietrocarlo, Hugo Sanchez, Charlie Snyder, Lynne Steele, Walker Royce,
Jim Rumbaugh, Tom Schultz, John Smith, and Dave Tropeano. I would also like to thank my editor Paul Becker, for
without his help this book would never have gone to print.

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Chapter 1. Introduction

What Is Visual Modeling?

The Triangle for Success

The Role of Notation

History of the UML

The Role of Process

What Is Iterative and Incremental Development?

The Rational Unified Process

The Rational Rose Tool

Summary

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What is Visual Modeling?

Visual Modeling is a way of thinking about problems using models organized around real-world ideas. Models are
useful for understanding problems, communicating with everyone involved with the project (customers, domain
experts, analysts, designers, etc.), modeling enterprises, preparing documentation, and designing programs and
databases. Modeling promotes better understanding of requirements, cleaner designs, and more maintainable
systems.

Models are abstractions that portray the essentials of a complex problem or structure by filtering out nonessential
details, thus making the problem easier to understand. Abstraction is a fundamental human capability that permits us
to deal with complexity. Engineers, artists, and craftsmen have built models for thousands of years to try out designs
before executing them. Development of software systems should be no exception. To build complex systems, the
developer must abstract different views of the system, build models using precise notations, verify that the models
satisfy the requirements of the system, and gradually add detail to transform the models into an implementation.

We build models of complex systems because we cannot comprehend such systems in their entirety. There are limits
to the human capacity to understand complexity. This concept may be seen in the world of architecture. If you want to
build a shed in your backyard, you can just start building; if you want to build a new house, you probably need a
blueprint; if you are building a skyscraper, you definitely need a blueprint. The same is true in the world of software.
Staring at lines of source code or even analyzing forms in Visual Basic does little to provide the programmer with a
global view of a development project. Constructing a model allows the designer to focus on the big picture of how a
project's components interact, without having to get bogged down in the specific details of each component.

Increasing complexity, resulting from a highly competitive and ever-changing business environment, offers unique
challenges to system developers. Models help us organize, visualize, understand, and create complex things. They
are used to help us meet the challenges of developing software today and in the future.

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