1. What is an operator? What are the three main types of operators? Name them.
Answer:
An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical
manipulations. The three main types of operators in Java are:
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operators
2. How is Java expression different from statement?
Answer:
A Java expression is a combination of variables, operators, and method calls that evaluates
to a single value (e.g., a + b, x > y). A Java statement is a complete instruction that performs
an action and typically ends with a semicolon (e.g., int sum = a + b;,
System.out.println("Hello");). All expressions can be part of a statement, but not all
statements are expressions.
3. Explain the following with one example each.
(a) Arithmetic operator
Answer:
Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations. Example: int sum = 5 + 3; (+ is an
arithmetic operator).
(b) Relational operator
Answer:
Relational operators compare two values and return a boolean result. Example: boolean
isEqual = (x == y); (== is a relational operator).
(c) Logical operator
Answer:
Logical operators combine or modify boolean expressions. Example: boolean result = (a > 0
&& b < 10); (&& is a logical operator).
(d) Ternary operator
Answer:
The ternary operator (or conditional operator) is a shorthand for an if-else statement.
Example: String message = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor";
4. Distinguish between:
(a) Unary arithmetic operator and Binary arithmetic operator
Answer:
Unary arithmetic operators operate on a single operand (e.g., ++, --, -), while Binary
arithmetic operators operate on two operands (e.g., +, -, *, /).
(b) Postfix increment and Prefix increment
Answer:
Postfix increment (i++) increments the value of the variable after its current value is used in
the expression, while Prefix increment (++i) increments the value of the variable before its
value is used in the expression.
(c) Postfix decrement and Prefix decrement
Answer:
Postfix decrement (i--) decrements the value of the variable after its current value is used in
the expression, while Prefix decrement (--i) decrements the value of the variable before its
value is used in the expression.
8. Rewrite using if-else statements
a) String grade = (marks >= 90)?"A": (mark >= 80)? "B": "C";
Answer:
java
String grade;
if (marks >= 90) {
grade = "A";
} else if (marks >= 80) {
grade = "B";
} else {
grade = "C";
}
Use code with caution.
b) commission = (sale > 5000)? (sale*10)/100: 0;
Answer:
java
double commission;
if (sale > 5000) {
commission = (sale * 10) / 100.0; // Use 100.0 for double division
} else {
commission = 0;
}
Use code with caution.
**c) net = (salary > 10000)? salary - (8.33/100)salary: salary - (5/100)salary;
Answer:
java
double net;
if (salary > 10000) {
net = salary - (8.33 / 100.0) * salary;
} else {
net = salary - (5 / 100.0) * salary;
}
Use code with caution.
d) s = (a+b <= c || a+c <= b || b+c <= a) ? "Triangle is not possible": "Triangle is possible";
Answer:
java
String s;
if (a + b <= c || a + c <= b || b + c <= a) {
s = "Triangle is not possible";
} else {
s = "Triangle is possible";
}
Use code with caution.
e) c = (x >= 'A' && x<= 'Z') ? "Uppercase Letter": "Lowercase Letter";
Answer:
java
String c;
if (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z') {
c = "Uppercase Letter";
} else {
c = "Lowercase Letter";
}
Use code with caution.
9. Rewrite using Ternary Operator
a) if (x%2==0) System.out.println("Even"); else System.out.println("Odd");
Answer:
java
System.out.println(x % 2 == 0 ? "Even" : "Odd");
Use code with caution.
b) if (bill>10000) discount = bill10.0/100; else discount = bill5.0/100;
Answer:
java
double discount = (bill > 10000) ? bill * 10.0 / 100 : bill * 5.0 / 100;
Use code with caution.
c) if(income< 10000) tax = 0; else tax = 12;
Answer:
java
int tax = (income < 10000) ? 0 : 12;
Use code with caution.
d) if(a>b) if(a>c) g=a; else g=c else if(b>c) g=b; else g=c
Answer:
java
int g = (a > b) ? ((a > c) ? a : c) : ((b > c) ? b : c);
Use code with caution.
e) if(p>=4750) k=p5/100; else k=p10/100;
Answer:
java
double k = (p >= 4750) ? p * 5 / 100.0 : p * 10 / 100.0;
Use code with caution.
f) if(n1>n2) r = true; else r = false;
Answer:
java
boolean r = (n1 > n2) ? true : false;
// Alternatively, and more concisely:
// boolean r = n1 > n2;
