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Of The Kavousi Region Prehistory Monographs 51740126

The document is an overview of the ebook 'Kavousi I: The Archaeological Survey of the Kavousi Region', authored by Donald C. Haggis and edited by Geraldine Cornelia Gesell and Leslie Preston Day. It details the archaeological findings and surveys conducted in the Kavousi region of Eastern Crete, including various contributions from other scholars. The ebook is available for instant PDF download and is part of the Prehistory Monographs series.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views131 pages

Of The Kavousi Region Prehistory Monographs 51740126

The document is an overview of the ebook 'Kavousi I: The Archaeological Survey of the Kavousi Region', authored by Donald C. Haggis and edited by Geraldine Cornelia Gesell and Leslie Preston Day. It details the archaeological findings and surveys conducted in the Kavousi region of Eastern Crete, including various contributions from other scholars. The ebook is available for instant PDF download and is part of the Prehistory Monographs series.

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KAVOUSI I

The Archaeological Survey


of the Kavousi Region
KAVOUSI
The Results of the Excavations
at Kavousi in Eastern Crete

directed by
Geraldine C. Gesell, Leslie Preston Day,
and William D.E. Coulson

sponsored by
The University of Tennessee

under the auspices of


The American School of Classical Studies at Athens
PREHISTORY MONOGRAPHS 16

KAVOUSI I
The Archaeological Survey
of the Kavousi Region

by
Donald C. Haggis

contributions by
John T. Ammons, Peter M. Day, John E. Foss,
Louise Joyner, Evangelia Kiriatzi, Margaret S. Mook,
Michael W. Morris, Maria Relaki, and Michael E. Timpson

edited by
Geraldine C. Gesell and Leslie Preston Day

Published by
INSTAP Academic Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2005
Design and Production
INSTAP Academic Press
Printing
CRWGraphics, Pennsauken, New Jersey
Binding
Hoster Bindery, Inc., Ivyland, Pennsylvania

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data


Haggis, Donald C.
Kavousi I : the archaeological survey of the Kavousi Region / by Donald C.
Haggis ; with contributions by John T. Ammons ... [et al.] ; edited by Geraldine C.
Gesell and Leslie Preston Day.
p. cm. -- (Prehistory monographs ; 16)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-931534-18-7 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Kavousi Region (Greece)--Antiquities. 2. Excavations (Archaeology)--
Greece--Kavousi Region. I. Gesell, Geraldine Cornelia. II. Day, Leslie Preston.
III. Title. IV. Series.
DF261.K4H34 2005
939'.18--dc22
2005028722

Copyright © 2005
INSTAP Academic Press
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Table of Contents
List of Tables and Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

List of Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii

Preface to the Kavousi Excavation Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Preface to Kavousi I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi

Acknowledgments for the Kavousi Excavation Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

Acknowledgments for Kavousi I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii

Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2. The Physical Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3. The Archaeological Survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4. The Pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5. The History of Settlement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6. Gazetteer of Archaeological Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

7. Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Appendix 1. A Pedological Investigation and Soil Survey of the Kavousi Region,


Michael W. Morris, John T. Ammons, Michael E. Timpson, and John E. Foss. . . . . . . 153

Appendix 2. The Kavousi Fabrics: A Typology for Coarse Pottery in the Mirabello Region of
Eastern Crete, Margaret S. Mook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
vi KAVOUSI I

Appendix 3. Petrographic Analysis of Some Final Neolithic–Early Minoan II Pottery from the
Kavousi Area, Peter M. Day, Louise Joyner, Evangelia Kiriatzi, and
Maria Relaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Appendix 4. Concordance of Artifacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Tables and Chart

Figures

Plates
List of Tables and Chart
Table 1. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Kavousi 2.
Table 2. Particle size distribution of Kavousi 2.
Table 3. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Kavousi 1.
Table 4. Particle size distribution of Kavousi 1.
Table 5. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Kavousi 3.
Table 6. Particle size distribution of Kavousi 3.
Table 7. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Vronda 4.
Table 8. Particle size distribution of Vronda 4.
Table 9. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Terra Rossa.
Table 10. Particle size distribution of Terra Rossa.
Table 11. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of C-T Unit.
Table 12. Particle size distribution of C-T Unit.
Table 13. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Vronda 9.
Table 14. Particle size distribution of Vronda 9.
Table 15. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Vronda 8.
Table 16. Particle size distribution of Vronda 8.
Table 17. Chemical properties including carbon fractions, exchangeable cations, and pH of Kastro 3.
Table 18. Particle size distribution of Kastro 3.

Chart 1. Available water-holding capacity for Kavousi Soil Survey pedons.


List of Figures
Figure 1. Map of East Crete, showing location of the Kavousi-Thriphti Survey zone.
Figure 2. Topographical map of the Kavousi region: north Ierapetra Isthmus and eastern Mirabello
coast.
Figure 3A. Geological map of the Isthmus of Ierapetra and environs, showing pre-Neogene rocks, based
on Papastamatiou et al. 1959 (P.M. Day).
Figure 3B. Kavousi-Thriphti Survey boundaries.
Figure 4. Fields surveyed intensively.
Figure 5. Sites recovered in the intensive sample, 1989–1991.
Figure 6A. Chordakia and south Kambos survey sites.
Figure 6B. Tholos, Hagios Antonios, and north Kambos survey sites.
Figure 7. Survey sites in the area of Kavousi village, Xerambela, and north slope of Mount Papoura.
Figure 8. Final Neolithic survey sites; FN sites of uncertain size numbered only.
Figure 9. Early Minoan I–II survey sites; EM sites of uncertain size numbered only.
Figure 10. Early Minoan III–Middle Minoan IA survey sites; EM III–MM IA sites of uncertain size
numbered only.
Figure 11. Middle Minoan IB–II survey sites.
Figure 12. Middle Minoan III–Late Minoan IB survey sites.
Figure 13. Late Minoan IIIA–B survey sites; LM IIIA–B sites of uncertain size numbered only.
Figure 14. Late Minoan IIIC–Archaic survey sites.
Figure 15. Orientalizing–Archaic survey sites.
Figure 16. Hellenistic–Roman survey sites.
Figure 17. Cataloged sites in extensive and unsurveyed zones.
Figure 18A. Xerambela and north Mount Papoura area: Early Minoan III–Middle Minoan IA survey sites.
Figure 18B. Chordakia: Early Minoan III–Middle Minoan IA survey sites.
x KAVOUSI I

Figure 19A. Chordakia and south Kambos: Middle Minoan IB–II survey sites.
Figure 19B. Xerambela and north Papoura: Middle Minoan IB–II sites.
Figure 20. Kavousi region: Middle Minoan IB–II settlement clusters.
Figure 21A. Tholos and Hagios Antonios: Middle Minoan III–Late Minoan I sites.
Figure 21B. Chordakia: Middle Minoan III–Late Minoan IB sites.
Figure 22. Xerambela and the north Papoura area: Late Minoan IIIC–Archaic sites.
Figure 23A. Site 1 (loci 16, 24, 38, and 39); Sites 2–4.
Figure 23B. Site 1: sketch plan of Minoan and Roman buildings (loci 24, 38, 39) (L.A. Turner).
Figure 24. Site 1: section and plan of Roman warehouse (locus 39) (L.A. Turner).
Figure 25. Site 1 (loci 16, 38, and 39): Bronze Age pottery and figurine; Roman pottery.
Figure 26. Site 1 (locus 24): Bronze Age pottery; Site 4: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 27. Site 5: sketch plan of Bronze Age settlement (loci 10, 15, 61).
Figure 28. Site 5: Bronze Age pottery, stone weights.
Figure 29. Site 5: Bronze Age loomweight, cooking dishes, and figurine; Late Minoan IIIA–B pottery.
Figure 30. Site 5: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 31. Site 6: Bronze Age pottery and obsidian blade fragment; Site 8: Final Neolithic–Early Minoan
II pottery (M.S. Mook).
Figure 32. Site 8: Bronze Age pottery (M.S. Mook).
Figure 33. Site 8: Bronze Age ground stone tools and door socket
Figure 34A. Site 9: sketch plan.
Figure 34B. Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 35. Site 11: Late Minoan IA pithos rim; Site 16: Final Neolithic pottery; Site 17: Bronze Age and
Roman pottery.
Figure 36. Sites 19–20: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 37. Site 21: Bronze Age pottery; Site 23: Neopalatial tripod leg; Site 24: Final Neolithic and Early
Minoan Pottery (M.S. Mook).
Figure 38. Site 24: Final Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery (M.S. Mook).
Figure 39. Site 24: Bronze Age pottery; furnace fragment (24.41); Sites 25 and 27: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 40. Site 28: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 41. Site 28: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 42. Site 32: Bronze Age pottery and furnace fragments.
Figure 43. Sites 34 and 35: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 44. Site 36: Late Minoan IIIA–B pottery and loomweight (M.S. Mook).
Figure 45. Site 36: Late Minoan IIIA–B pottery (M.S. Mook).
LIST OF FIGURES xi

Figure 46. Sites 37 and 39: Roman pottery.


Figure 47. Sites 40 and 41: Bronze Age and Roman pottery.
Figure 48. Site 42: Hellenistic and Roman pottery (M.S. Mook).
Figure 49. Site 44: Early Minoan III–Middle Minoan II pottery.
Figure 50. Site 45: Bronze Age pottery; Site 48: Middle Minoan IA cup rim; Site 53: Roman pottery.
Figure 51. Site 57: Bronze Age and Roman pottery; Site 68: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 52. Site 69: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 53. Site 69: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 54. Site 70: Early Iron Age–Archaic pottery.
Figure 55. Sites 71 and 85: Early Iron Age–Archaic pottery.
Figure 56. Site 88: Bronze Age pottery; Site 89: Early Iron Age–Archaic pottery.
Figure 57. Site 90: Early Iron Age–Archaic pottery; Site 92: Early Minoan III–Middle Minoan IA pot-
tery.
Figure 58. Site 94: Roman pottery; Site 96: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 59. Site 96: Bronze Age pottery and figurine fragment.
Figure 60. Site 97: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 61. Site 97: Bronze Age pottery (M.S. Mook).
Figure 62. Site 97: Bronze Age pottery.
Figure 63. Site 99: Late Minoan IIIC–Early Protogeometric pottery.
Figure 64. Site 99: Late Minoan IIIC pottery and terracotta votive plaque.
Figure 65. Site 99: Late Minoan IIIC pottery.
Figure 66. Site 100: Final Neolithic, Middle Minoan, and Late Minoan IIIC pottery.
Figure 67. Site 100: Late Minoan IIIC pottery.
Figure 68. General topography of the Kavousi-Thriphti Survey area of East Crete (M. Morris).
Figure 69. Geologic map of the Kavousi-Thriphti Survey area of East Crete. After Papastamatiou et al.
1959 (M.W. Morris).
Figure 70. Soil survey map of the Kavousi area of East Crete (M.W. Morris).
Figure 71. A3.2 Geological map of the Isthmus of Ierapetra and environs, showing Neogene and later
deposits, based on Fortuin 1977 and Papastamatiou et al. 1959 (P.M. Day).
List of Plates
Plate 1A. Kavousi village (center) from northwest: the Kastro (upper center); Mount Kliros (left); Xerambela
and Mount Papoura (right); Kambos plain (foreground).
Plate 1B. Mount Chomatas (Site 9: center) and Mount Chalepa from north.
Plate 2A. Mount Chomatas (Site 9) from south.
Plate 2B. Tholos Bay from southwest.
Plate 3A. Cha Gorge and north Ierapetra Isthmus from southwest: Monastiraki Katalimata and
Chalasmenos (center).
Plate 3B. Mount Thriphti from west: the area of Hagia Anna and Argira (Site 97).
Plate 4A. Avgo Valley at Pachlitzani Agriada from northeast (Site 82).
Plate 4B. Skouriasmenos area (Site 81): recent terrace walls.
Plate 5A. Skala (Sites 78–79): terracing southwest of the Kastro (Site 80) (M.S. Mook).
Plate 5B. Chordakia: phyllite terrain on east slope (Sites 28, 36–37).
Plate 6A. Kambos: irrigation reservoir and greenhouses at Lakkos Skaphes.
Plate 6B. Mount Chomatas: limestone terrain on east slope.
Plate 7A. Hagios Antonios valley (Sites 5 and 6): intersecting limestone and phyllite terrain.
Plate 7B. Hagios Antonios (Site 5): Minoan agricultural terrace wall and eroded limestone terrain.
Plate 8A. Argira (Site 97): Minoan house wall and pithos buried under phyllite mudslide.
Plate 8B. Site 59: Bronze Age house foundations.
Plate 9A. Tholos Bay and the north Kambos from the southeast.
Plate 9B. Site 1: Bronze Age building (locus 16).
Plate 10A. Site 1: Bronze Age building (locus 16).
Plate 10B. Site 1: exterior view of Roman warehouse from northeast (locus 39).
Plate 11A. Site 5: Building A from southwest.
Plate 11B. Site 5: Building B from northwest.
xiv KAVOUSI I

Plate 12A. Site 5: agricultural terrace wall.


Plate 12B. Site 6: Hagios Antonios rock shelter from east.
Plate 13A. Site 7: Early Minoan rock shelter.
Plate 13B. Site 7: Early Minoan pottery imbedded in floor surface of the rock shelter.
Plate 14A. Site 8: Early Minoan settlement at Alykomouri from southwest.
Plate 14B. Site 9: view of Minoan building from north.
Plate 15A. Site 9: western wall of Minoan building.
Plate 15B. Site 28: Late Roman–Byzantine wall.
Plate 16A. Sites 31 and 32: promontory of Chrysokamino from northeast.
Plate 16B. Site 31: Theriospilio cave mouth from west.
Plate 17A. Site 32: Chrysokamino promontory.
Plate 17B. Site 34: Minoan house from southeast.
Plate 18A. Site 36: Minoan house walls.
Plate 18B. Site 37: millstone (orbis).
Plate 19A. Site 37: trapetum mortarium.
Plate 19B. Site 59: Minoan house walls.
Plate 20A. Site 68: Minoan house wall.
Plate 20B. Site 71: view of Azoria South Acropolis from east; Xerambela (center).
Plate 21A. Site 78: interior of Aloni Tomb III with larnax in situ (The University of Pennsylvania Museum
of Archaeology and Anthropology, neg. # 139725).
Plate 21B. Kastro (site 80), Vronda (Xerambela) (site 77), and Azoria (site 71) from the east.
Plate 22. Kastro (site 80) and Skouriasmenos (site 81) from the east.
Plate 23A. Fabric type I, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 23B. Fabric type I, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 24A. Fabric type II, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 24B. Fabric type II, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 25A. Fabric type III, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 25B. Fabric type III, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 26A. Fabric type IV, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 26B. Fabric type IV, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 26C. Fabric type IV, detail of fresh break (K.E. May).
Plate 27A. Fabric type VI, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 27B. Fabric type VI, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 28A. Fabric type IX, sherd (K.E. May).
LIST OF PLATES xv

Plate 28B. Fabric type IX, detail of surface (K.E. May).


Plate 29A. Fabric type X, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 29B. Fabric type X, detail of sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 30A. Fabric type XI, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 30B. Fabric type XI, detail of fresh break (K.E. May).
Plate 31A. Fabric type XIII, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 31B. Fabric type XIII, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 32A. Fabric type XV, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 32B. Fabric type XV, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 32C. Fabric type XV, detail of fresh break (K.E. May).
Plate 33A. Fabric type XVI, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 33B. Fabric type XVI, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 34A. Fabric type XX, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 34B. Fabric type XX, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 34C. Fabric type XX, detail of fresh break (K.E. May).
Plate 35A. Fabric type XXI, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 35B. Fabric type XXI, detail of surface (K.E. May).
Plate 35C. Fabric type XXI, detail of fresh break (K.E. May).
Plate 36A. Fabric type XXV, sherd (K.E. May).
Plate 36B. Fabric type XXV, detail of fresh break (K.E. May).
Plate 37A. Kavousi 93/79 (Description 1). Photomicrograph showing frequent feldspars and igneous rock
fragments. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 37B. Kavousi 93/73 (Description 1). Photomicrograph showing igneous rock fragments and compo-
nent minerals, with some metamorphism. Note especially alteration of feldspar in lower left
of frame. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 37C. Kavousi 93/69 (Description 2). Photomicrograph showing similar inclusions that differ in size
and sorting from those in Pl. 37A–B. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 37D. Kavousi 93/80 (Description 3). Photomicrograph showing angular igneous rock fragments and
angular calcite (twinning visible). XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 38A. Malia 93/7 (Description 3). Photomicrograph showing same fabric as Kavousi 93/72 and 80 in
sample from Malia. Largest angular calcite in top right of frame. XP, horizontal dimension 4
mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 38B. Myrtos Phournou Koriphi 93/106. Photomicrograph showing the use of calcite tempering of
fabrics in Period II (EM IIA). Cf. Pls. 37D and 38A. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M.
Day).
Plate 38C. Kavousi 93/74 (Description 4). Photomicrograph showing grog-tempered fabric. XP, horizontal
dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
xvi KAVOUSI I

Plate 38D. Kavousi 93/70 (Description 4). Photomicrograph showing coarse grog-tempered fabric. Cf. Pl.
38C. PPL, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 39A. Kavousi 93/75 (Description 5). Photomicrograph showing sand-tempered South Coast fabric,
with rounded basic volcanic, biotite/feldspar metamorphic rocks, and serpentine. XP, hori-
zontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 39B. Kavousi 93/76 (Description 5). Photomicrograph showing sand-tempered South Coast fabric,
with rounded basic volcanic rock. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 39C. Malia 93/55 (Description 5). Photomicrograph showing sand-tempered South Coast fabric,
with rounded basic volcanic rock and serpentine. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M.
Day).
Plate 39D. Kalo Chorio 94/12 (Description 5). Photomicrograph showing sand-tempered South Coast
fabric, including rounded basic volcanic rock. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 40A. Kavousi 93/77 (Description 6). Photomicrograph showing fabric with dominant phyllite. XP,
horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 40B. Kavousi 93/78 (Description 6). Photomicrograph showing fabric with phyllite and amphibole.
XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 40C. Kavousi 93/81 (Description 7). Photomicrograph showing fabric with quartz, metamorphic
rocks, red translucent fragments, biotite, and feldspars in groundmass. Note the red tcfs.
Vasiliki Ware. XP, horizontal dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 40D. Kavousi 93/81 (Description 7). Photomicrograph at higher magnification illustrating fine
mono- and polycrystalline quartz, metamorphic rock fragments, and biotite. Vasiliki Ware.
XP, horizontal dimension 1 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 41A. Kavousi 93/84 (Description 8). Photomicrograph showing the very fine fabric, with red tcfs
and striations from secondary calcite (upper part of frame). Vasiliki Ware. XP, horizontal
dimension 4 mm (P.M. Day).
Plate 41B. Kavousi 93/82 (Description 9). Photomicrograph showing very fine fabric, with very small
igneous rock inclusion in lower left of frame. Vasiliki Ware. XP, horizontal dimension 4
mm (P.M. Day).
Preface to the Kavousi
Excavation Series
Kavousi I: The Archaeological Survey of the Kavousi Region is the initial volume
of the Kavousi Excavation Series, which presents the final report of the Kavousi
Project, a program of archaeological investigation around the modern village of
Kavousi in eastern Crete. Subsequent volumes will publish the results of the
1987–1992 excavations at the Vronda and Kastro sites in the Siteia Mountains
above Kavousi and of the cleaning and new study of the excavations of Harriet
Boyd in 1900 and 1901.
The first recorded archaeological interest in the Kavousi area is that of Sir
Arthur Evans, who passed through the region on trips to the eastern part of the
island in 1894 and in 1899, when he purchased pottery and metal objects from a
tomb at Plaï tou Kastrou for the Herakleion Museum. He recommended the site to
Harriet Boyd, who excavated briefly at a number of sites in the area in 1900. After
a week of excavation around the Kavousi Plain, she moved up into mountain sites
above the village. She spent one week at Azoria, where she found puzzling remains
that included circular structures and pottery of the Archaic and Hellenistic periods,
followed by a week each on the Kastro peak and the Vronda ridge. On the Kastro
she uncovered what she described as a “chieftain’s house” of thirteen rooms of the
Geometric period; not far away at Skouriasmenos was a perfectly preserved,
though robbed, tholos tomb with some Geometric and Orientalizing pottery in it.
On Vronda she found a building and eight small tholos tombs, which she dated to
sub-Mycenaean, a transitional period between the Bronze Age and Iron Age. She
returned in 1901 to test other sites, particularly at Aloni and Avgo, and to look for
a Bronze Age settlement site. When she was shown the promising Late Minoan site
at Gournia, she transferred her excavation there, leaving the Kavousi area perma-
nently. In 1912, however, Edith Hall, one of her colleagues at Gournia, briefly
explored burial sites at Kamara tou Tholou just north of Kavousi village and at
Hagios Antonios near the Bay of Mirabello.
After this active period of excavation, interest in the Kavousi area declined, even
though chance finds continued to appear. One such find, discovered during the con-
struction of the water system, led to the excavation of a Geometric shrine at Pachlit-
zani Agriada by Stylianos Alexiou in 1950. In 1951 a tholos tomb was discovered by
a farmer, George Sekadakis, while planting an olive tree. The tomb was never scien-
tifically excavated, but the pottery was taken to the small museum in Ierapetra.
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