LÝ THUYẾT CƠ BẢN VÀ BÀI TẬP VỀ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP – TRỰC TIẾP
I. Lý thuyết
Một số thay đổi cơ bản khi tường thuật
Khi chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang câu nói gián tiếp có những thay đổi sau:
1. Các đại từ
Các đại từ Trực Gián tiếp
tiếp
Subject pronouns I he/ she
You I/ We/ They
We We/ They
Object pronouns me him/ her
you me/ us/
them
us us/ them
Posses my his/ her
sive your my/ our/
adjecti their
our our/ their
ves
Posses mine his/ hers
sive yours mine/ ours/
pronou theirs
ours ours/ theirs
ns
Demonstratives this that
these those
2. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Trực Gián
tiếp tiếp
Today that day
Tonight that night
Tomorrow the next day/ the following day
Tomorrow morning the next morning
Yesterday the day before/ the previous day
Ago before
Now then
Next (Tuesday) the next/ following Tuesday
1
Last (Tuesday) the previous Tuesday/ the Tuesday
before
The day after tomorrow in two days' time/ two days later
The day before yesterday two days before
Here there
3. Thì của động từ
Tên thì Trực Gián
tiếp tiếp
Hiện tại đơn - V(bare)/V(s,es) - Ved/ V (cột 2)
He said: "I live in a big city." He said (that) he lived in a
- am/is/are big city.
She said: "I am at home." - Was/were
She said (that) she was at
home.
Quá khứ đơn - Ved/V (cột 2) - Had + VPII
Peter said: "I did it by myself." Peter said (that) he had done
- Was/were it by himself.
Mary said: "I was in the park - Had been
last Sunday." Mary said (that) she had
been in the park the Sunday
before.
Hiện tại tiếp Am/is/are + V-ing Was/were + V-ing
diễn She said: "we are learning She said (that) she was
now." learning then.
Quá khứ tiếp Was/were + V-ing Had + been + V-ing
diễn He said: "I was sleeping then." He said (that) he had been
sleeping then
Hiện tạ hoàn Have/has + Vp2 Had + Vp2
thàn i He said: "Someone has stolen He said fthati someone had
h my bag." stolen his bag
Hiện tại Have/has + been + Ving Had + been + Ving
hoàn She said: "I have been waiting She said (that) she had
thành tiếp for you for 3 hours." been waiting for me for 3
diễn hours.
Tương lai đơn Will/shall + V(bare) Would + V(bare)
Lan said: "I will call you Lan said fthatf) she would
tonight." call me that night.
Tương lai gần Am/is/are + going to + V Was/were + going to + V
2
Huong said: "we are going to Huong said (that) they were
have a party next weekend." going to have a party the
next weekend."
Động từ khuy Can Could
thiếu ết He said: "I can’t come on He said (that) he couldn't
time." come on time.
3
- Must/have to (sự bắt - Had to
buộc)
She said: "I must take care of She said (that) she had to
my little take care of
brother." her little brother.
- Must (sự suy diễn) - Must
He said: "You must be tired He said (that) I must be tired
now." then.
- Must (đưa ra lời khuyên) - Must
My father said: "This exam is My father said (that) that
very important. You must exam was very important
prepare for it well." and I must prepare for
it well.
- Mustn't (sự cấm đoán) - Mustn't
She said: "You mustn't make She said (that) I mustn't
noise here." make noise there.
May Might
My teacher said: "You My teacher said (that) we
may use dictionaries might use dictionaries for
for this test." that test.
Need Needed/had to
He said: "I need do it now." He said (that) he needed/had
to do it then.
- Needn't (dùng ờ hiện tại) - Needn't/didn't have to
She said: "We needn't set offShe said (that) they
early." needn't/didn't have
to set off early.
- Needn't (dùng ở tương lai) - Wouldn't have to
He said: "You needn't He said (that) I wouldn't have
come here to come here the next day.
tomorrow."
II. Thực hành
Exercise 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. Jack asked his sister where she
(go) the following day.
2. The mother told her son (behave)
so impolitely
4
3. She asked why Mathew (look so
embarrassed when he saw Carole.
4. The boy admitted (not do) the
homework.
5. Our grandparents used to
suggest (wear) sunglasses when we were
out on bright sunny days.
6. Robert offered (help) Carlo do the
dishes.
7. The captain ordered his men
(abandon) the ship immediately.
8. Tom promised (give) Janet the answer
by the end of the week.
__ /8
Exercise 2: viết lại câu tường thuật dùng từ gợi ý
1. Sarah said, "I will visit my grandparents next week".
→ Sarah said (that)
____________________________________________________________
2. Tom said, "I have never been to Paris".
→ Tom said (that)
_____________________________________________________________
3. The teacher said, "The exam will be on Friday".
→ The teacher said (that)
_______________________________________________________
4. My sister said, "I'm learning to play the piano".
→ My sister said (that)
_________________________________________________________
5. John said, "I can't find my car keys".
→ John said (that)
_____________________________________________________________
6. Emma said, "I've been working on this project for a month".
→ Emma said (that)
____________________________________________________________
5
7. The doctor said, "You need to take this medicine twice a day".
→ The doctor said (that)
________________________________________________________
8. Mike said, "I'll call you as soon as I arrive".
→ Mike said (that)
_____________________________________________________________
9. Lisa said, "I don't like spicy food".
→ Lisa said (that)
_____________________________________________________________
10. The manager said, "We're having a meeting tomorrow morning".
→ The manager said (that)
_____________________________________________________
__ /10
Exercise 3: Chọn đáp án đúng trong các đáp án A, B, C, D
1. Tom: "Where did you go last weekend?"
→ Tom asked me where ____________
A. I went last weekend
B. did I go last weekend
C. I had gone last weekend
D. I have gone last weekend
2. Sarah: "Are you coming to the party tonight?"
→ Sarah asked if ____________
A. I am coming to the party tonight
B. I was coming to the party that night
C. will I come to the party tonight
D. I come to the party tonight
3. Teacher: "Who wrote this essay?"
→ The teacher wanted to know ____________
A. who has written this essay
B. who had written that essay
C. who wrote this essay
6
D. who did write this essay
4. John: "How long have you been studying English?"
→ John asked me how long ____________
A. I have been studying English
B. had I been studying English
C. I was studying English
D. I studied English
5. Mike: "Can you help me with my homework?"
→ Mike asked if ____________
A. I can help him with his homework
B. I could help him with his homework
C. could I help him with his homework
D. I help him with his homework
6. Lisa: "What time does the movie start?"
→ Lisa wanted to know ____________
A. what time the movie starts
B. what time did the movie start
C. what time the movie started
D. what time is the movie starting
7. Dad: "Have you cleaned your room yet?"
→ Dad asked if ____________
A. I have cleaned my room yet
B. I had cleaned my room yet
C. I cleaned my room yet
D. have I cleaned my room yet
8. Anna: "Will you be at the meeting tomorrow?"
→ Anna asked if ____________
A. I will be at the meeting tomorrow
B. I would be at the meeting the next day
C. I am at the meeting tomorrow
D. was I at the meeting tomorrow
7
9. The doctor asked him, "How often do you exercise?"
→ The doctor inquired ____________
A. how often he exercised
B. how often did he exercise
C. how often I exercised
D. how often did I exercise
10. David: "What were you doing when I called?"
→ David asked what ____________
A. I was doing when he called
B. I had been doing when he called
C. was I doing when he called
D. I have been doing when he called
11. Mary: "Do you like spicy food?"
→ Mary asked if ____________
A. I like spicy food
B. I liked spicy food
C. did I like spicy food
D. I had liked spicy food
12. Teacher: "Why didn't you submit your assignment on time?"
→ The teacher asked why ____________
A. I didn't submit my assignment on time
B. I haven't submitted my assignment on time
C. I hadn't submitted my assignment on time
D. didn't I submit my assignment on time
__/12
Exercise 4: Chọn từ thích hợp điền vào chỗ trống để hoàn thành các
câu tường thuật
1. "I will finish this project tomorrow."
→ He said he would finish the project ____________.
2. "Where did you buy these shoes?"
→ She asked where I had bought ____________ shoes.
8
3. "What a beautiful sunset!"
→ They exclaimed ____________ it was a beautiful sunset.
4. "Don't forget to call your mother."
→ He reminded me ____________ to call my mother.
5. "I visited Paris last month."
→ She told me she had visited Paris ____________.
6. "Are you coming to the party tonight?"
→ He asked if I was coming to the party ____________.
7. "This book belongs to my sister."
→ He said ____________ book belonged to his sister.
8. "I'm studying for my exam now."
→ She said she was studying for her exam ____________.
__ /8
