THE
CONSTITUTION
OF INDIA
Made by: Tia, Svaksha, Nikhil and Riyan
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
What is the definition of the Constitution
When was the Constitution made
Horizontal power-sharing
How many amendments were made
The story
The people
More about India’s constitution
CONSTITUTION
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to
which a state or other organization is governed. It outlines the structure, functions, and
powers of government institutions and sets out the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
A constitution can be written, like the U.S. Constitution, or unwritten, like the British.
Constitution, which is based on statutes, conventions, and legal documents
A constitution serves as a legal framework for the governance of a country, ensuring that
power is distributed and exercised within the boundaries of law, and protects the rights
of individuals.
WHEN WAS THE
CONSTITUTION MADE
1946:
AUGUST 16: THE CABINET MISSION PLAN PROPOSES THE
FORMATION OF A CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
DECEMBER 9: THE FIRST MEETING OF THE CONSTITUENT
ASSEMBLY IS HELD.
1947:
AUGUST 15: INDIA GAINS INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITISH RULE.
1947-1949:
THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DEBATES, DRAFTS, AND FINALIZES
THE CONSTITUTION.
1949:
NOVEMBER 26: THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA IS ADOPTED BY THE
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY.
DECEMBER 26: THE CONSTITUTION IS SIGNED BY THE MEMBERS OF THE
ASSEMBLY.
1950:
JANUARY 26: THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA COMES INTO EFFECT,
MARKING REPUBLIC DAY.
Constitution
Legislature
The Law-Making
POWER Executive
The Law-
Body Implementing
SHARING Body
Judiciary
The Law-Enforcing Body
THE AMENDMENTS
Forty-Fourth Amendment (1978): Reversed
First Amendment (1951): Introduced restrictions on some of the changes made by the Forty-
freedom of speech and allowed for affirmative Second Amendment, particularly restoring
action by making special provisions for socially and judicial review and fundamental rights
educationally backward classes. protections.
Seventh Amendment (1956): Reorganized states on a Seventy-Third and Seventy-Fourth
linguistic basis and adjusted the Union's structure. Amendments (1992): Strengthened local
governance by providing constitutional status
Twenty-Fourth Amendment (1971): Asserted
to Panchayats (rural local governments) and
Municipalities (urban local governments).
Parliament's power to amend any part of the
Constitution, including Fundamental Rights.
Eighty-Sixth Amendment (2002): Made
education a fundamental right for children
Forty-Second Amendment (1976): Known as the
aged 6 to 14 years.
"Mini-Constitution," it introduced several changes,
including adding the words "Socialist," "Secular," and One Hundred and First Amendment (2016):
"Integrity" to the Preamble. It also curtailed the Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST),
power of the judiciary. unifying India's indirect tax system.
THE STORY
In the early days of India’s independence, a group of visionaries, led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar,
gathered to craft a Constitution that would unify a nation of immense diversity. The task was
daunting—how could they create a document that represented over 300 languages, numerous
religions, and countless cultures? The scars of Partition were fresh, and debates in the Constituent
Assembly were intense, balancing majority rights with the protection of minorities.
Despite the challenges, they forged ahead, embedding fundamental rights and the promise of
equality into the Constitution. On November 26, 1949, their work culminated in a document that
would become the bedrock of the Indian republic. The struggle to draft the Constitution was a
reflection of India’s own fight for freedom and unity, a struggle that continues to shape the nation.
THE PEOPLE
1. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar:
Principal architect of the Indian Constitution and Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
2. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
President of the Constituent Assembly, overseeing its proceedings.
3. Jawaharlal Nehru
The leader who introduced the "Objectives Resolution," laid the philosophical foundation of the Constitution.
4. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Instrumental in integrating princely states and shaping a strong central government.
5. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Advocate for minority rights and educational reforms in the Constitution.
6. K.M. Munshi
Played a key role in drafting fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy.
7. Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
Legal expert who contributed to the constitutional and legal framework.
8. B.N. Rau
Constitutional Advisor who provided crucial legal expertise in drafting the initial Constitution.
9. Hansa Mehta
Advocate for gender equality and women's rights in the Constitution.
10. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
Philosopher who influenced the moral and ethical aspects of the Constitution.
THE CONSTITUTE
ASSEMBLY
A Constituent Assembly is like a big meeting where a group of important people come together to write the rules for
how a country should be run. Imagine if you and a bunch of friends were trying to come up with the rules for a new
club. You'd all sit down, and talk about what rules are fair, how decisions should be made, who gets to do what, and
how to handle any problems that might come up. Once everyone agrees on the rules, you'd write them down so
everyone knows how the club will work.
In the same way, a Constituent Assembly is made up of representatives from different parts of a country who are
chosen to work together and create a new set of rules, called a constitution. These rules explain how the government
will work, what rights people will have, and how laws will be made and enforced.
The process usually involves a lot of discussion and debate because everyone in the assembly may have different
ideas about what's best for the country. They have to find common ground and make sure the Constitution is
something that most people will agree with and follow. Once they finish writing the constitution, it might be shown
to the people for approval, like voting on the new rules for the club. When everyone agrees, the constitution
becomes the law that guides the country.
THANK
YOU
