SEA LEVEL
Prof. Md Hussain Monsur
Dept. of Geology
University of Dhaka
Kefalonia
Greece
Phuket
Thailand
Makena Beach
State Park
Maui
Golden Sands
Beach
Bulgaria
This marker indicating sea level is situated
between Jerusalem and the Dead Sea, Israel
Holocene Sea Level Curves
Smoothly rising Rapidly fluctuating
sea level curve sea level curve
During the British time Global Temperature was Low. That’s
why most of the British built houses had heating system.
COASTAL POPULATION GROWTH AND ITS
PROJECTION
Probable areas of
inundation if sea
level rises
Map shows the areas of
inundation due to the
probable marine
BANGLADESH transgression if present sea
INDIA INDIA level rises.
- One meter of sea level will
inundate entire coastal
region.
BAY OF BENGAL
- Five meter of sea level rise
will inundate about one-
third of the country.
Map showing the present and ancient beach
• During the high stand
of sea level supratidal
flat elongated from
Cox’s Bazar to Teknaf
was inundated with
marine water. Oceanic
waves were hitting at
the feet of the cliffs.
Created straight long
beach
EASTERN COAST OF THE BAY OF BENGAL (Eastern Zone,
Himchhari-Inani)
ST. MARTIN’S ISLAND
(An offshore coral island)
BEACH AT TEKNAF
(Eastern Zone, Southern extremity of Bangladesh)
MAISKHALI
ISLAND
(Eastern Zone)
ISLAND SANDIP ISLAND URIRCHAR
(Central Zone)
The island Sandip is near-shore island.
The island was formed by the alternation
of clay and fine sand. No inter-fingering
peat layers we
re found. It means that during the
formation of the island it was always
under the level of high tide. After the fall
of Holocene sea level, the island sub
aerially exposed.
Site Map
Madhupur red clay Floodplain
Peat layer
Mud flat Holocene
Peat layer Sediments
Pleistocene red soil
Ba se m e nt
Aftabnagar, Dhaka City
Quarry at Sony, Isapur
Simulia Rail Crossing Geological cross section at Sony.
Surface soil
Peat layer
Altitude Mud flat
Altitude (m) Radiocarbon age (In m)
Top soil +1.9 Unit 7
-3.8 (unit 1) 6600±40 BP Sharp erosional contacts
Brownish black Fresh water peat
-1.6 (unit 3) 5750±60BP
Yellowish brown Unit 6
+0.9 (unit 5) 3590±60BP massive silty mud Flood deposited
Unit 5 Mud flat
+1.8 (unit 7) 1750±60BP Bluish black peat +1.0 Fresh water peat
Silt to mud parallel
lamination
25cm
Unit 4
Dark greenish grey to Mud flat 0cm
greenish grey clay with 0 MSL
Salt marsh
Dark grey mud with white fine sand clasts Mud parallel lamination
-1.0
Woodfragments
Ro o tle ts Unit 3 Legend
Dark grey Salt
Cross lamination of marsh Peat
clasts of plant fragments Mud
-2.0
Sand
Dark bluish grey mud with Mud parallel lamination
with white fine sand mud Sand parallel lamination
Silt to mud parallel lamination
Rip-up clasts of fine sand Gradational contact
Rip-up -3.0 Unit 2
Fine sand c lasts Clear contact
Burrows filled up Mud flat Sharp contact
Fine sand balls with sand
Rootlets
Wood fragments
Bluish grey sand to Unit 1
silt -4.0 Bioturbation
Sand flat
-4.1
Section at Sony, Dhaka
Marine Diatoms photo by SEM Pollens of Mangroves
Bruguiera Phoenix sp.
gymnorhizha
Cyclotella striata Campylodiscus sp.
Pollens of Mangroves
From the section at Batpara, Norsingdi, Bangladesh
Avicennia sp. Heritiera sp. Rhizophora sp. Bruguiera sp Avicennia sp.
Radiocarbon dates of Mangroves collected from
section at Sony, Isapur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Unit Altitude Materia 14C Age Calibrated
(range in m) (in m) l 14C (BP)
Unit -7 +1.8 Peat 1760+60 1750+60
(+1.64 to
+1.81)
Unit -5 +1.2 Peat 3560+60 3590+60
(+0.8 to
+1.20)
Unit -3 -1.6 Peat 5819+60 5750+60
(-2.85 to -
0.92)
Unit -1 -3.75 Wood 6690+40 6600+40
(-4.1 to -3.70)
The Case of the Missing Carbon
Burning fossil fuels, humans pump CO2 into the atmosphere. Fortunately,
plants and ocean waters gather it in. But what if this great recycling system
went awry?
Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are drying, and wildlife is
scrambling to keep pace. It's becoming clear that humans have caused most of the past
century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives.
Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than in the last 650,000 years.
Over a 35-day period in early 2002, Antarctica's Larsen B ice shelf lost a total of
about 1,255 square miles, one of the largest shelf retreats ever recorded. This
image, captured by NASA's MODIS satellite sensor on February 23, shows the
shelf mid-disintegration, spewing a cloud of icebergs adrift in the Weddell Sea.
The Big Thaw
It’s no surprise that a warming climate is melting the world’s
glaciers and polar ice. But no one expected it to happen this fast
Penguins on Shore
Photo : Anterctica
Greenland Ice Sheet Melt Caused By Short-Term
Extreme Weather Not Gradual Temperature Rise
The blue areas in this image represent changes in elevation of the ice
sheet from 2003-2006; the grey areas represent no change in elevation.
Image: NASA Goddard
GREENLAND
Ice melts and rocky surface opens
Greenland – Ice Melts
PHOTO: GREENLAND
ill-fated polar bear
Greenland Ice Melt Rate From 40% to 97% in 2012
Scientific research indicates sea levels worldwide have been rising at a rate of 0.14 inches
(3.5 millimeters) per year since the early 1990s. The trend, linked to global warming, puts
thousands of coastal cities, like Venice, Italy, (seen here during a historic flood in 2008), and
even whole islands at risk of being claimed by the ocean
Our Splendid Civilization On Earth Is
Under Threat
