(Ebook) Logic: A God-Centered Approach To The Foundation of Western Thought by Vern Sheridan Poythress ISBN 9781433532290, 1433532298 PDF Download
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FOR CHRISTIANS looking to improve critical thinking skills, here is
an accessible introduction to the study of logic as well as an in-depth
treatment of the discipline from a professor with six academic de-
grees and over 30 years experience teaching. Questions for further
reflection are included at the end of each chapter as well as helpful
diagrams and charts for use in college and graduate-level classrooms.
Logic
“Poythress does a masterful job of showing how our ability to think
rationally is grounded in the very nature of God Himself. I heartily
recommend this book to every student of the subject.”
Logic
DOUGLAS WILSON, Senior Minister, Christ Church Moscow, Idaho;
co-author, Introductory Logic
A God-Centered
Poythress
“Each of Vern Poythress’s books has been, in my judgment, the best
book on its particular subject.”
Approach to the
JOHN FRAME, Professor of Systematic Theology and Philosophy, Foundation of
Reformed Theological Seminary, Orlando
Western Thought
“Every new item that Vern Poythress writes is thoughtful, creative, and
worth reading.”
C. JOHN COLLINS, Professor of Old Testament, Covenant Vern Sheridan
Theological Seminary
Poythress
“Each of Vern Poythress’s books has been, in my judgment, the best book
on its particular subject.”
John Frame, Professor of Systematic Theology and Philosophy,
Reformed Theological Seminary, Orlando
“Every new item that Vern Poythress writes is thoughtful, creative, and
worth reading.”
C. John Collins, Professor of Old Testament,
Covenant Theological Seminary
Logic
Logic
A God-Centered
Approach to the
Foundation of
Western Thought
Vern Sheridan
Poythress
W H E AT O N , I L L I N O I S
Logic: A God-Centered Approach to the Foundation of Western Thought
Copyright © 2013 by Vern Sheridan Poythress
Published by Crossway
1300 Crescent Street
Wheaton, Illinois 60187
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys-
tem, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA
copyright law.
Cover design: Matt Naylor
First printing 2013
Printed in the United States of America
Except for appendix F5, all Scripture quotations are from the ESV® (The Holy Bible, English
Standard Version ®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway. 2011 Text Edition. Used by permission.
All rights reserved.
All Scripture references in appendix F5 are taken from The Holy Bible, New International
Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission. All rights
reserved worldwide.
All emphases in Scripture quotations have been added by the author.
Trade paperback ISBN: 978-1-4335-3229-0
PDF ISBN: 978-1-4335-3230-6
Mobipocket ISBN: 978-1-4335-3231-3
ePub ISBN: 978-1-4335-3232-0
Bibliography709
General Index 717
Scripture Index 729
Tables and Illustrations
Tables
27.1a: Imaging the Father-Son Relationship 205
27.1b: An Image of the Holy Spirit 205
27.1c: Imaging Trinitarian Relationships 206
30.1: Truth Table for Logical “Or” (∨)235
30.2: Truth Table for Logical “Not” (~) 236
30.3: Truth Table for Logical “And” (∧)237
30.4: Truth Table for Logical (“Material”) Implication (⊃)238
32.1: Calculating Truth Values 248
32.2a: All Possible Combinations of Truth Values for p, q, and r248
32.2b: All Possible Combinations for p, q, and r Plus Compounds 249
32.2c: All Possible Combinations for p, q, and r Plus Compounds, 250
with Calculations
32.3a: Calculating the Truth Value of ~(~p ∨ ~q)252
32.3b: Calculating the Truth Value of ~(~p ∨ ~q) for All Possibilities 252
36.1: Truth Table for Truth-functional Equivalence 281
39.1: Truth Table for ~p ∨ p302
41.1: Truth Table for the Sheffer Stroke (|) 322
43.1: Truth Values of (p ∨ p) ⊃ p337
43.2: Truth Values for (p ∨ (q ∨ r)) ⊃ (q ∨ (p ∨ r))337
63.1: Truth Table for Kleene’s Three-valued Logic 476
B5.1: Checking a Tautology 576
E2.1: One-to-one Matching of Infinite Sets 621
E2.2: Matching Even Numbers with Whole Numbers 621
E2.3: A List of Rational Numbers (with Duplicates) 622
E2.4: Rational Numbers with Duplicates Eliminated 622
E2.5: Enumerating the Rationals 622
E2.6: Trying to Enumerate Real Numbers 623
E2.7: Real Numbers with a Diagonal 624
E2.8: Diagonalization with Gödel Numbers 625
E2.9: Diagonalizing for a Power Set 629
14 Tables and Illustrations
Illustrations
14.1: Frame’s Square on Transcendence and Immanence 109
14.2: Frame’s Square: Summary of Christian and Non-Christian 113
Views of Logic
27.1: Dogs and Animals 196
27.2: All Dogs Are Animals 196
27.3: All Collies Are Dogs 197
27.4: Therefore, All Collies Are Animals 197
27.5: Venn Diagram for Dogs and Animals 198
27.6: Venn Diagram for Dogs and Animals 198
27.7: Venn Diagram for Dogs and Animals, with Shading 199
27.8: Dogs and Animals Diagram with Empty Region Erased 199
27.9: Venn Diagram for Collies, Dogs, and Animals 200
27.10: Collies, Dogs, Animals Diagram, with Cross-outs for Dogs 200
27.11: Collies, Dogs, Animals Diagram, with Cross-outs for Collies 200
and Dogs
27.12: Venn Diagram for Collies, Dogs, and Animals, with Shading 201
27.13: Venn Diagram for Nonanimals 201
27.14: Nondogs and Nonanimals 202
28.1: Venn Diagram for “No Bs are As” 213
28.2: Venn Diagram of the Celarent Syllogism 213
28.3: Venn Diagram of the Darii Syllogism 217
28.4: Venn Diagram of the Ferio Syllogism 218
29.1: All Bs Are As 222
29.2: All Bs Are As, No Cs Are Bs 222
29.3: Some C May Still Be A 223
29.4: Genius, Talent, and Doctors 224
29.5: “All Geniuses Are Talented” 224
29.6: “Some Doctor Is Talented” (Both Subsections Checked) 224
29.7: “Some Doctor Is Talented” (Check Mark on Boundary) 225
30.1: Truth Values for (p or q)234
33.1: Venn Diagram of Conjunction (“And”) 256
33.2: Venn Diagram of Conjunction (“Or”) 257
33.3: Venn Diagram of Negation (“Not”) 257
33.4: Venn Diagram of ~q257
33.5: Venn Diagram of Implication (‘⊃’)258
33.6: Alternate Diagram when (p ⊃ q)258
Tables and Illustrations 15
(Listed in the order in which they are introduced; the symbols ⊦, ∨, ∧, and |
each have two different usages.)
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