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JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

March 2025

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

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JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

Introduction

March 2025

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

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Members of JAMA

Introduction
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Members of JAMA Lube Oil Seminar TF 2025
Industry Company Name
Toyota Motor Corporation K. Yamamori
OEMs
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. S. Iijima
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Lｔd. T. Koinuma
JCMA
Komatsu Ltd. K. Iijima
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Y. Kawamura
T. Saito
Cosmo Oil Lubricants Co., Lｔd.
Oil Companies S. Ejiri
ENEOS Corporation S. Koike
Shell Lubricants Japan K.K. H. Otsu
Afton Chemical Corporation Y. Ono
Chevron Japan Ltd. Y. Yanagisawa
Evonik Japan Co., Ltd. M. Mori
Additive Suppliers
T. Miyoshi
Infineum Japan Ltd.
Y. Inagaki
Lubrizol Japan Limited M. Hiroki
Supervisor GS Caltex Corporation H. Hamaguchi
Introduction
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Profile of JAMA
1.Established
April 3, 1967

2.Objectives
・To promote the sound development of the Japanese automobile industry and contribute to social
and economic welfare.

3.Activities
・Conducts studies and surveys related to automobile production, distribution, trade and use.
・Assists in the rationalization of automobile production, and helps establish policy
for the development, improvement and promotion of production technology.
・Establishes and promotes policies related to automobile trade and international exchange.
・Carries out other activities involved in meeting its organizational objectives.

4.Overseas Offices
North American Office (Washington, D.C., U.S.A.)
European Office (Brussels, Belgium)
Beijing Representative Office (People's Republic of China)

5.Member Companies
(14 in total)

Introduction
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JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 Supported by

for
the JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025
Introduction
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Organizations of JAMA Lube Oil Seminar TF

Fuel & Lubricants Committee

Gasoline Working Subcommittee

Diesel Fuel Working Subcommittee

New Fuel and Energy Subcommittee

Oil Working Subcommittee

PCMO TF
PCMO : Passenger Car Motor Oil
MCO : Motorcycle Oil MCO TF
e-PTF :e-Powertrain Fluid
HDDO : Heavy Duty Diesel Oil e-PTF TF
ATF : Automatic Transmission Fluid
HDDO, ATF (Hold TFs when needed)

JAMA Lube Oil Seminar Task-Force

Introduction
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Objectives of the JAMA Lube Oil Seminar
Promotion of high quality and fuel economy engine oil for clean air
and CO2 emission reduction (Carbon neutrality).
< PCMO TF >
1) Improvement of the availability of ILSAC GF-6/API SP or its successor grades.
; 0W-16, 0W-20, 5W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30, 10W-30
2) Promotion of JASO GLV-1 for ultra-low viscosity (0W-8/12) engine oil to improve fuel economy,
and the new JASO GLV-2 for ultra-high viscosity index for further CO2 emission reduction.
3) Promotion of the utilization of JASO DL-1 and DL-2 for light-duty diesel vehicles (LD) with DPF
and JASO DL-0 for LD without DPF.

< MCO TF >

1) Enhance the use of engine oils that meet the JASO standard and viscosity grade recommended
by motorcycle manufacturers.
2) The future direction of MCO will be to reduce phosphorus content and further reduce viscosity.

Introduction
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History of the JAMA Lube Oil (Engine Oil) Seminar

Introduction
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JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

CO2 Emission Reduction for Carbon Neutral
and Emission Regulations in Asia
March 2025

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Global Movement Toward Carbon Neutrality

Source: The Future of Energy and the Environment Discussed at G7 (meti.go.jp)

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Next-Generation Vehicle Sales Ratio in Japan

JAMA has been working to expand the use of next-generation vehicles.

As a result, the ratio of new vehicles has increased to 45%, and we will
continue our efforts to expand the use of next-generation vehicles.

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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JAMA’s Position on Carbon Neutrality

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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History of Fuel Economy Improvement (Toyota)
Japan 10・15 cycle JC08 cycle
45
WLTC cycle
Mode fuel consumption (km/L)

40
Prius Test cycle ★Yaris
35
(Hybrid)
change
★Prius
30

25 Hybrid System Thermal Efficiency

20
Weight Reduction
15
Transmission Efficiency
10
Corolla Reduction of Air Drag
5
(Conventional) Lower Rolling
0 Resistance
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year (-)
We are also working to improve the fuel efficiency of new models and will continue to develop and
introduce technologies that promote fuel efficiency and energy conservation.

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Engine Oil that contributes to Carbon Neutrality

＜Improvement of fuel economy of in-used vehicles by engine oil＞

Improved fuel economy in line with the

Type of engine oil to be filled in the vehicle
evolution of new vehicles
New Model
2015～ 2020～ 2025～
Low
Viscosity Specification GF-6 GLV-2
SN Plus
Ex.) 0W-20 (SP)
→0W-16
→0W-8 Viscosity grade 0W-16 0W-16 0W-16
Engine Oil
Further
New car Improvement
In-use vehicles
Fuel economy Improvement
Low friction improvement
with same
viscosity grade
Ex.) 0W-20
GF-5→GF-6→Next fuel economy standard ReplacingAmount
the of improvement
engine in fuel
oil with economy
a new, backward compatible, fuel-
Improved fuel economy that can be used efficientwhen engine
engine oiloilwill
is changed
improve to fuel
the latest fuel from the time of
economy
for in-use vehicles economy
filling the engine oil once each year
new vehicles.

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Engine Oil that contributes to Carbon Neutrality
1000
Table. Assumptions for estimating the potential reduction of
CO2 emissions from Engine oils (Indonesia in 2022)
258kt-CO2

CO2 emission reductions, kiro tons

Item Assumptions
New passenger cars
0.78 million units*1) 100
registrations (2022)
Passenger cars in use (2022) 17.18 million units*1)
Tank to Wheel CO2 150 g-CO2/km*2)
emissions per vehicle (≒15.4km/L) 11.7kt-CO2
Mileage per year 20,000 km*3) 10

Fuel economy improvement 0.5 %

*1) Source: THE MOTOR INDUSTRY OF JAPAN (JAMA)
*2) Source: TOYOTA Sustainability data book 2024
Toyota's average CO2 emissions from new vehicles in Indonesia
in 2022 :150.3g-CO2/km 1
*3) JARI Survey Report 2011 Fig. Potential for CO2 emission
New vehicles reduction
In-use vehicles
through the use of fuel-economy Engine oils

Potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 11,700 tons per year for new vehicles and
258,000 tons per year for in-use vehicles (Indonesia)

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Engine Oil that contributes to Carbon Neutrality
1000
Table. Assumptions for estimating the potential reduction of
CO2 emissions from Engine oils (Japan in 2022) 373kt-CO2

CO2 emission reductions, kiro tons

Item Assumptions
New passenger cars
3.45 million units*1) 100
registrations (2022)
Passenger cars in use (2022) 62.16 million units*1)
20.7kt-CO2
Tank to Wheel CO2 120 g-CO2/km*2)
emissions per vehicle (≒19.4km/L)
Mileage per year 10,000 km 10

Fuel economy improvement 0.5 %

*1) Source: THE MOTOR INDUSTRY OF JAPAN (JAMA)
*2) Website of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,

1
Fig. Potential for CO2 emission
New vehicles reduction
In-use vehicles
through the use of fuel-economy Engine oils

Potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 20,700 tons per year for new vehicles and
373,000 tons per year for in-use vehicles (Japan)

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Emission Regulations (Passenger Cars)
To protect the global environment, emission regulations are gradually becoming stricter.
Among Asian countries, some follow Euro 4 regulations for gasoline passenger cars, while others
have regulations equivalent to Euro 6.
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027～
Philippines Euro4
Euro4
Malaysia (New models)
Euro 4 (Euro5?)

Indonesia Euro4 (Euro5?)

Australia Euro5b

Singapore Euro6b

India Nationwide Euro6b(RDE Monitoring) Euro6c(RDE)

Delhi and main cities Euro6b(RDE Monitoring) Euro6c(RDE)

Viet Nam Euro4 Euro5

Euro6b
Thailand Euro 4
(New Model)
Euro6b

PR of China China6a(WLTP) China6b(WLTP)

Beijing China6b(RDE Monitoring) China6b(RDE)

Korea LEV III equivalent standards

Japan WLTP based standards w/PN(New Model) w/PN

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Emission Regulations (Motorcycles)
• Many Asian countries where the motorcycle markets are expanding now have implemented the
regulations modeled after EU.
• These countries have introduced EU standards with WMTC（Worldwide-Harmonized Motorcycle
Test Cycle ）. In addition, OBDⅡ is expected to be introduced.
Country Test cycle 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Euro 5a Euro 5b
EU WMTC
OBDⅡ OBDⅡ：CAT

India WMTC BS Ⅵ BS Ⅵ BS Ⅵ
Euro5 OBDⅠ Euro5 OBDⅡA Euro5 OBDⅡB
UDC+EUDC Euro 3 Euro4
Indonesia
WMTC select WMTC

Japan WMTC 4th 4th

Euro5 OBDⅡ Euro5 OBDⅡ-2

Korea WMTC Euro 5 Euro 5b

OBDⅡ OBDⅡ：CAT
Malaysia WMTC Euro 4 Euro4 OBDⅠ
UDC+EUDC Euro 3 Euro4
Philippine
WMTC select WMTC

China-4 China-5
China WMTC
Euro4 OBDⅠ Euro5 OBDⅡ
Singapore WMTC Euro 4
7th 8th
Thailand WMTC
Euro4 Euro5 OBDⅡ
UDC+EUDC Euro 3 Euro 4
Vietnam
WMTC select WMTC

Red letter : Standard is unissued

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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JAMA Lube Oil Seminar

• As the global movement toward carbon neutrality accelerates, we are making every
effort to reduce CO2 emissions through the development of technologies
centered on electrified vehicles, with the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by
2050.
• BEVs will expand in the future, but HEVs, PHEVs, and other engine-powered vehicles,
including those already sold, will remain mainstream for the time being.
• Engine oil can be used not only in new vehicles but also in vehicles that are in use,
and it is a product that contributes significantly to reducing CO2 emissions
from vehicles.
• Together with our colleagues in the industry, we will develop a new standard for
fuel economy and high-quality engine oil that will help reduce CO2
emissions, protect air quality, and create new oil markets.

CO2 Reduction for CN and Regulations

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Thank You and Feedback

Please send your questions for discussion session Seminar questionnaires survey & feedback
We’ll answer to the questions in discussion session. Your feedback is valuable to us.

https://forms.office.com/r/nd5rGfVYAR https://forms.office.com/r/f5bqZ0F7JW

| March 7, 2025 | JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025, Kuala Lumpur

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Fuel & Lubricant Trends in Malaysia

JAMA Lubricants Oil Seminar 7th March 2025

Ravi Tallamraju
Group Chief Technology Officer, PETRONAS Lubricants International

The PETRONAS Group adopts zero tolerance against all forms of bribery and corruption. We abide by the PETRONAS Code of Conduct and Business Ethics (CoBE) & Anti-Bribery and
Corruption (ABC) Manual, guided by our Shared Values and Statement of Purpose.

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form possible, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted and/or disseminated in any
form or by any means (digital, mechanical, hard copy, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright owner.
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Agenda
01 Malaysia Marco Economic Outlook

02 Malaysia Fuels & Lubricants Market Overview

03 Global Trends and Impact on Malaysia

04 Automotive Industry and Regulatory Environment.

• Need for upgrading quality of lubricants
• Need for increased awareness and training

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 23

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Malaysia Macroeconomics Overview

Population Passenger Car Motorization Rate Two-wheeler Motorization Rate

33.9
Population (mil)

18.1 533 15.8 466

Car population (mil) per 1000 inhabitants Two-wheeler population (mil) per 1000 inhabitants

GDP Growth Inflation Unemployment

3.4% 4.5% 4.7%
8.7% 2.5%
2.0% 3.8%
3.3% 3.5% 3.5%
3.3% 4.4% 4.0% 0.7% 2.5%

GDP growth, 4.4% Consumer prices, Annual

annual (%) annual (%) (% of total labor force)
-5.5%
-1.1%

2019 2020 2021 2022 2025 2027 2019 2020 2021 2022 2025 2027 2019 2020 2021 2022 2025 2027

Income Level (2022) Malaysia Macroeconomics Landscape

19% Moderate economic growth: Driven by recovering domestic demand and strong export performance

34% Electrification and green technology: Challenges remain in terms of electrification cost and infrastructure, but government’s
initiatives are there

High income 47% Mass market population in Malaysia (81%) consists of those in middle-and low-income brackets, also known as M40 and B40
Middle income
Low income categories. Affordability is key to the middle-and low-income brackets.

Source: Population from World Bank Org; Motorization Rate from Asia Automotive; Major Industries from CIA Gov the world factbook © 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 24
Inflation, Unemployment historical GDP, GDP by Sector from World Bank Org; GDP forecast from IMF
Navigating cost of living issues is tough but doable (nst.com.my)
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Malaysia Lubricant Overview

Total Lubricant (2023): 340 Mil Liters Total Lubricant Demand in Malaysia, 2023-2033

Volume in Mil Liters

Industry
450
37%
400
350
Consumer 300
35%
250
200 380 391
340
150
100
Commerci
al 50
28% 0
Consumer: Passenger Car Motor Oil, Motorcycle Oil, etc 2023 2028 2033
Commercial: Heavy Duty Motor Oil, etc CAGR 2023–2028: +2.3%
Industry: Industrial oil, grease, etc. c

Source: Kline & Company, PETRONAS volume achievement based on PLI internal data

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 25

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Malaysia PCMO demand is expected to grow

Malaysia Consumer Lubricant by Type (2023)
120 Million Liters
Consumer lubricant demand in Malaysia 80%
in year 2023
60% 67%

40%

20% 25%
80 Million Liters
PCMO demand in Malaysia in year 2023 0% 4%
PCMO MCO 3%
Transmission Gear oil 1%
Grease

Malaysia PCMO Outlook 2020-2033

87 86 Positive outlook for Malaysia PCMO

79 80
70
58 Next 5 years (2023-2028)
Malaysia PCMO demand to grow
with a CAGR of +1.6%

Next 10 years (2033-2033)

2020 2021 2022 2023 2028 2033 Malaysia PCMO demand to grow
Volume in Mil Liters
with a CAGR of +0.8%

Source: Kline © 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 26

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Malaysia – Emission Regulations

Malaysia is set to introduce Euro 5 petrol nationwide by September 2025

• The transition to Euro 5-grade fuel is a crucial step in reducing vehicle emissions, offering a cleaner and more
efficient alternative that aligns with global environmental standards.

2021 2022 2025 2026

Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 5

(New Model)

2021 2023 2025 2026

Euro 4 Euro 4 Euro 5?

(New Model) OBD1

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 27

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Malaysia: Fuel Quality Content Control & Implementation

The mandatory rollout is to support the implementation of Euro 5-6 vehicles tailpipe emission

Euro 5 mogas implementation Malaysia is aligned with Federal

PETROL
Government Gazette approved in 2023

2009 2015 2019 2025 2026 2027

Euro 2M EURO 4M EURO 4M Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

• S≤500 ppm • Ron 97 S≤50 • Ron 95 S≤50 • Sulfur • Distillation • Benzene
ppm ppm • Lead • Vapor pressure • Aromatics
• Oxygenate • Olefins
• O2 content

Euro 5 mogas implementation Malaysia is aligned with Federal Government

DIESEL
Gazette approved in 2023

2009 2021 2021 2022 2023

Euro 2M Euro 5 Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

• S≤500 ppm • S≤10 ppm • Sulphur • Density • PAH
• Cetane Number • Distillation

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 28

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Malaysia – The Energy Efficient Vehicles (EEV)

The Energy Efficient Vehicles (EEV) Labelling Scheme by MARii is
one of the initiatives to encourage EEV Penetration in Malaysia.

Educate and encourage consumer to purchase vehicles

with better fuel economy

Inform consumer about the cost of running their

vehicles

Highlight the model's fuel consumption and relative

carbon emission performance

Raising awareness about the relative greenhouse

impacts of different technologies and fuel types Description

1 Jata and MARii Logo

EEV Label Placement on Vehicles
Energy Efficient Vehicles (EEV)
2
Logo
3 Vehicle Model
4 Fuel Consumption
QR Code – A code where optical
label can be scan to allow user to
5
obtain detailed EEV vehicles
specifications according to model

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 29

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Global Trends Impact on Malaysia’s lubricant Industry

New regulations globally to control emissions / improve fuel economy and causing significant changes in engine design

Increased use of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) globally → more stress on lubricants

Increased use of exhaust after treatment devises globally → new challenges for fuels and lubricants

Consolidation of engine designs by OEMs → newer equipment used across the globe, including Malaysia

Increased need for higher quality base oils and lubricants

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 30

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OEM FF Specifications Shifted towards Lower Viscosity

OEM SAE Grade

10W-30 5W-30 0W-30 0W-20 0W-20

20W-50 10W-30 10W-30 10W-30 5W-20

0W-20 0W-20

5W-30 0W-20 0W-20

5W-30 5W-30

Pre 2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020 & beyond

OEM SAE Grade

10W-40 10W-40 10W-40 10W-40

10W-30 10W-30 10W-30

10W-40 10W-40 10W-40 10W-40

10W-40 10W-40 10W-40 10W-40

40 40 40 40 40

Pre 2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020 & beyond

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 31

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Lubricant quality is still lagging in emerging markets

PCMO demand in major ASEAN countries by viscosity grade, 2019

Kilotonnes
190.1 19.6 166.0 25.1 72.2 7.5 7.4 2.8 490.7
Lagging in lubricants quality & viscosity
100% 2% 1%
4% 3% 4% grade in Asia
6% 8% 8% 9%
8%
90% 12% 10%
21% 21%
12%
18%
80%
27% 28% 24%

70% 29% 18% 33%

23%

60%
Reduced durability on emission system
28%
22%
46% ( Euro V & beyond) & increase fuel
50% consumption
37%
28% 25% 45% 23%
40%
46%

30%
35% 20%
43%
20%
25% 19% 26%

10%
29%
7%
Selection of right lubricants is critical
20%
12%
8% 7% 7%
2% 2% 3% 4%
0%
Indonesia Vietnam Thailand Philipines Malaysia Myanmar Cambodia Lao PDR Total

Monogrades 20W-40/50 15W-40 10W-30/40 5Ws 0Ws

Source : KLINE

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 32

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High viscosity grades are significant due to high ownership of old vehicles.
Trend is shifting towards synthetic and lower viscosity.

Malaysia PCMO by Synthetic Type (Mil Liters %) Malaysia PCMO by Viscosity Grade (Mil Liters %) Malaysia PCMO by API (Mil Liters %)

1% 2% 3% 3% 5% 7%
14% 14% 9% 11% 11% 11%
0W 24%
25% 32% 41% 41%
21% 23% 25% 26% 26%
5W SN
Full Synthetic
10W SM 6% 6%
22% 38%
22% 21% 21%
Semi 15W 34% SL
Synthetic
20W Others 37% 37%
65% 64%
35% 33% 32% 20%
Others 32%
16%

8% 13% 11% 16% 16%

7% 7% 7%
2020 2021 2022 2023 2028 2033 2022 2023
2020 2022

• Synthetic type : While mineral is the biggest PCMO portion, semi synthetic type is Viscosity grade: There is still a strong demand for 20W-50/40
grades of PCMO. Lower viscosity grade 0W and 10W gained share over the years. Mainstream/mass-market passenger vehicles commonly use 10Ws.

• API : SN remain the biggest API portion. API SN types cater for 0Ws to 10Ws viscosity grades while API SM/SL are mainly used in old vehicles.

• Outlook: High viscosity grades are still preferred due to its low cost and high ownership of old vehicles. Increasing OEM efforts in recommending
lower viscosity grades and synthetic type through its new vehicle service stations
Source: Kline Report 2022 © 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 33
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Lubricants Regulatory Landscape

Mitigate the risk associated with counterfeit product in Malaysia

The Ministry of Domestic Trade & Cost of Living (KPDN) mandates all engine
oil for motor vehicles sold in Malaysia to be certified in compliance with
SIRIM label

The measure aim to protect consumers from the risks associated with
counterfeit and substandard lubricants and to uphold the integrity of the
market

Companies/ Individuals that do not comply with the regulation will face a
fine or imprisonment or both.

• PETRONAS fully support and comply with the proposal.

• Operational details and implementation plans are under discussion

in the industry.

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 34

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What can we do to Improve Consumer Awareness on Lubricant Choices

Synergy within API/ ILSAC specifications in the past made it easier to identify the “minimum” quality of lubricants required for the vehicles.

Extremely diversified OEM requirements & industry standards do cause confusion and increase possibilities for misapplication and inability to take advantage of
significant fuel economy gains / CO2 reduction

API SP
OEM A
API SP/ ACEA C7
API SP/ ACEA C6
API SN OEM B
API SP/ ACEA C5
SAE 0W-20
API SP/ ACEA C2
API SN/ API SN Plus
API SP/ ILSAC GF-6A OEM C SAE 0W-16
/ILSAC GF-5
API SP/ ILSAC GF-6B SAE 0W-20 SAE 0W-12
API SP Dexos 1, Gen 3 OEM D SAE 0W-8
API SQ/ ILSAC GF-7A
API SQ/ ILSAC GF-7B ?
API SP/ ACEA C2 OEM E
JASO GLV-2A
JASO GLV 2B
JASO GLV-1 OEM F

Educating the consumers and making it easier to understand lubricant choices is important to gain achieve “High Fuel
Economy” benefits

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 35

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Right lubricants Increase equipment life, lower maintenance, reduce cost

Emission Improve Fuel Extended Enhance Lower Total Cost

Reduction Economy Equipment Life Performance of Ownership

Enables new OEM Helps Extend equipment Deliver tangible reduce overall
hardware to meet equipment/vehicles life, reduce performance to equipment and
emission regulation to run cleaner and downtime, increase improve running cost whilst
more efficiently lubricants life and operator/driver improving
increase productivity experience productivity

Deliver emission Lower emission = Less waste and less Safety, economic Less waste, less
improvement beyond cleaner air= energy needed to productivity, and energy and less fuel
today’s hardware lower consumption = manufacture new environmental and consumed
lower cost of goods equipment societal benefits that =
go above and beyond better for the
what industry environment
demands

© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 36

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Have a Question for Me?

Ravi Tallamraju
Group Chief Technology Officer, Petronas Lubricants International
© 2025 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) | 37
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JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

PCMO TF

March 2025

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Introduction
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Organizations of JAMA PCMO TF

JAMA Oil Working Group

Observers
PCMO TF Member PAJ
MCO TF
Daihatsu Afton Chemical
Chevron Japan
Honda Evonik Japan
Isuzu e-PTF TF Infineum Japan
Mazda Lubrizol Japan
Mitsubishi HDDO, ATF PAJ : Petroleum Association of
Nissan (Hold TFs when needed) Japan

SUBARU
Suzuki Passenger Car Motor Oil TF
Toyota Standardization, Consumer Communication･･･

Introduction
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Engine Oil Performance and Function

Function of Engine Oil Required Engine Oil Performance

Low Friction ・ ・ Viscosity
・ Friction
Wear prevention ・ ・ Extreme pressure property
Anti-Wear
Cooling ・ ・ Cleaning dispersancy
・ Oxidation stability
Engine Oil
Dispersancy ・ ・ Corrosion protection Specifications
Cleanliness Rust‐prevention
・ Foaming
Seal ・ ・ Stability after mixing
・ Material compatibility
Anti-rust ・ The performance that is ・ Combustion、Volatility
necessary from an aspect of the
maintenance of an engine system (Poisoning resistance、Deposit)
and the function

Introduction
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Industrial Standards

ILSAC : Developed by JAMA, GM, Ford, Stellantis

➢ Minimum Performance Standard for PCMO
API : Developed by U.S Oil & Additive Industries
➢ S Category for PCMO
➢ C Category for HDDO
JASO : Developed by Japanese Auto, Oil & Additive Industries
➢ GEO Specifications for Passenger Car
➢ DEO Specifications for Light and Heavy Duty
➢ MCO specifications for Motorcycle
ACEA : Developed by European Auto Industry
➢ A/B & C Categories for Light Duty
➢ E Category for Heavy Duty

Introduction
 [Open]
Industrial Standards

Europe North America

Gasoline/Diesel：ACEA Gasoline：ILSAC, API, JASO
(Mainly 0W-20 or higher, (Mainly 0W-16 or higher,
0W-16 is also introduced) 0W-8 also introduced)
Diesel：API

Japan，Asia
Gasoline：ILSAC, API, JASO
(0W-8 or higher)
Diesel：JASO, API

➢ Engine oils with API or ACEA standards are also used in other regions.
➢ JASO-certified engine oils are also beginning to be used globally, not just in Japan
and Asia.
Introduction
 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
API vs ILSAC

API SP with Resource Conserving is equivalent to ILSAC GF-6

API SP Resource Conserving ILSAC GF-6

Fuel Efficiency
0W-20
+ Emission System Protection
Turbocharger Protection = 0W-20
API
Donut
Ethanol-containing Fuels up to E85

Engine Robustness
Detergency
Oxidation Stability
Wear Protection
Rust Protection
Corrosion Protection
: API
:
ILSAC
“Donut”
ILSAC
“Starburst”
Starburst and Shield
Note: All viscosity grades Note: Viscosity grades are limited to SAE
0W, 5W, and 10W multi grade oils.

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
GF-6 ,GF-7 Performance Relative to the Past GF-X
Fuel
Improved Low Speed Economy Significantly improved
Performance Pre-ignition 8 performance
(LSPI) Detergency
6

4 High Temp.
Timing Chain GF-3 (SL)
2 Oxidation
Wear Protection GF-4 (SM)
Stability
0 GF-5 (SN)
GF-6 (SP)
Seal Valve Train GF-7 (SQ)
Compatibility Wear
Protection
E85 Emulsion Emission Control
No Performance Retention
Change Rust & Corrosion System Protection
Protection

➢ GF-7 is scheduled to come into effect in 2025 1Q.

➢ Discussions have also started regarding the introduction of the GF-8 in 2028 3Q.
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
JASO Ultra Low Vis. GEO Standards for Passenger Car

Needs for JASO GLV-1 Standard

➢ SAE 8 has been specified by SAE J300 (Jan. 2015)

➢ API SN Plus (ILSAC GF-6B) have been applied for SAE 0W-16
➢ Sequence VIF is able to evaluate fuel economy of SAE 0W-16 oils,
however, not applicable for SAE 0W-12 or below
➢ Japanese OEMs were keen in introducing ultra low viscosity engine oil
such as SAE 0W-8
➢ JAMA, PAJ and JSAE had worked on the development of JASO 0W-8
standard to complement API SN Plus or beyond

Trends in PCMO Standards 49

 [Open]
JASO GLV-1 Standard (JASO M 364)
・JASO GLV-1 standard to be issued in March 2019.
・Currently 21 types of JASO GLV-1 approved oils on file.

GLV-1
Test Test method
0W-8 / 0W-12
Volatility ASTM D5800 GF-6 Level
Bench Low Temp CCS(-35oC) ASTM D5293 6200mPa・s max
tests Viscosity MRV(-40oC) ASTM D4684 60,000mPa･s max
Shear Stability ASTM D6278 Stay in grade
High-temperature oxidation
ASTM D8111 GF-5 Level
stability
Low temperature valvetrain
ASTM D8350 or D6891 GF-6 Level
wear
Engine
Low temperature sludge, and
tests ASTM D8256 GF-6 Level
varnish protection
JASO M 365 2.0% / 1.7% min
Fuel Economy
JASO M 366 1.1％ min
Chain wear protection ASTM D8279 GF-6 Level
Others ・SAEJ300, Aged Oil Low Temp Vis.
(Bench ・Catalyst Compatibility, Wear, Homogeneity and Miscibility,
GF-6B Level
Tests) Filterability, Foaming, Emulsion Retention
・Elastomer compatibility, Gelation Index

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
Lower Vis. Engine Oil Standards

(＊HTHS：High Temperature High Shear Viscosity）

➢ Low vis. oil, which is effective in reducing CO2 emissions, has evolved to 0W-8.
➢ There are technical limits to reducing the viscosity beyond 0W-8.
(e.g., oil pressure drops at high temp.)
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
Effect of Electrification on Engine Oil Temperature

Oil temperature, oC

Vehicle speed, km/h

HEV

Time, sec
Fig. Oil temperature of conventional vehicle and HEV in WLTC mode

➢ Especially in electrified vehicles such as HEV (e.g., intermittent engine operation),

engine oil temperature rises slowly.

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
Concept of Ultra High Viscosity Index Engine Oil

Ultra High VI Engine oil

Fig. Viscosity profile of Flat viscosity oil

➢ Viscosity in the high temperature range has been made equivalent to the 0W-20
or 0W-16 to ensure reliability.
➢ Viscosity in the low to medium temperature range has been further reduced to
improve fuel economy even when used in electrified vehicles.
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
Design Methodology for Ultra High VI Engine Oil

Fig. Design change to achieve ultra high viscosity index (VI) engine oil

➢ High VI and low viscosity with high performance base oil to reduce viscosity
throughout the entire range.
➢ Viscosity modifier (VM) with high viscosity index improvement effect to increase
viscosity mainly in the high temperature range.
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
Development of Volatility Test Method (Mod. NOACK)

Fig. Oil consumption mechanism Fig. Calculation result of oil film temperature on cylinder bore
（Ref. SAE WCX2022 2022-01-524）

➢ Oil consumption consists of oil dispersed by the up-and-down movement of

the piston and evaporation mainly from the bore wall.
➢ Oil film temperature on bore wall surface averages 150oC

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
Development of Volatility Test Method (Mod. NOACK)

Table. Mod.NOACK test equipment and conditions

➢ Changed to 150oC to match the oil film temperature of the engine bore wall surface.
The test duration was extended to 12 hours to improve test accuracy.
➢ NOACK (150oC) has a good correlation with oil consumption in actual engine.

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
Fuel economy performance of Demonstration oils

1.6
1.4 GLV-1 FEI Spec(0W-8/0W-12) : 1.1% min.
Fuel Economy Improvement 1.2
1.0
(FEI) M366 %

0.8
0.6
0.4 GLV-2A (0W-16) : GLV-2A(0W-20) :
1.1% min. 0.9% min.
0.2
0.0
GE616 GE716 GE816 GE620 GE720 GE820
Source: JSAE 2004 Spring

➢ Fuel economy of demonstration oils are evaluated by JASO M 366.

FEI Specification of JASO GLV-2A 0W-16 :1.1％min. 0W-20: 0.9% min.
➢ 0W-16 fuel economy standard improves fuel economy to the same or better
than 0W-8 and 0W-12.
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
Fuel economy performance of Demonstration oils
2.5
GLV-1 FEI Spec(0W-12) : 1.7% min.

Fuel Economy Improvement

2

(FEI) M365 %
1.5

1
GLV-2B (0W-16) : GLV-2B(0W-20) :
0.5 1.8% min. 1.6% min.

0
GE616 GE716 GE816 GE620 GE720 GE820
Source: JSAE 2004 Spring

➢ Fuel economy of demonstration oils are evaluated by JASO M 365.

FEI Specification of JASO GLV-2B 0W-16 :1.8％min. 0W-20: 1.6% min.
➢ 0W-16 fuel economy standard improves fuel economy to the same or better
than 0W-12.
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
JASO GLV-2 Specification (JASO M 364)
GLV-2
GLV-1
Test Test method GLV-2A GLV-2B
0W-8 / 0W-12 0W-16 0W-20 0W-16 0W-20
ASTM D5800 GF-6 Level －
Volatility
NOACK mod.(after12h) － 5.0% max
Viscosity o 2
40 C (mm /s) ASTM D445 － 28 max 30 max
Bench
Low Temp. CCS(-35oC) ASTM D5293 6200mPa・s max 6200mPa・s max
tests
Viscosity MRV(-40oC) ASTM D4684 60,000mPa･s max 40,000mPa･s max
ASTM D6278 Stay in grade ー
Shear Stability
KRL mod.(100oC*4h) ー Stay in grade
High-temperature oxidation stability ASTM D8111 GF-5 Level GF-5 Level
Low temperature valvetrain wear ASTM D8350 GF-6 Level GF-6 Level
Low temperature sludge, and varnish
ASTM D8256 GF-6 Level GF-6 Level
Engine protection
tests JASO M 366 1.1％ min 1.1%min 0.9%min ―
Fuel Economy *
JASO M 365 2.0% / 1.7% min ― 1.8%min 1.6%min
LSPI prevention ASTM D8291 － GF-6 Level
Chain wear protection ASTM D8279 GF-6 Level GF-6 Level
Others ・SAEJ300, Aged Oil Low Temp Vis. Foaming,
(Bench ・Catalyst Compatibility, Wear, Homogeneity and Miscibility,
GF-6B Level GF-6B Level
Tests) Filterability, Emulsion Retention
・Elastomer compatibility, Gelation Index
*) Fuel economy test of GLV-1 should be passed in either firing fuel economy test or motored fuel economy test.
The fuel economy test of GLV-2 should be passed the firing fuel economy test for GLV-2A or the motored fuel economy test for GLV-2B.

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
GLV-1,GLV-2 Performance Relative to the GF-5,GF-6

Fuel Further Improved

Not required for Economy
Low Speed
GLV-1 standard 8
Pre-ignition Detergency
(LSPI) 6

4
Timing Chain High-Temp.
Wear Protection 2 Oxidation GF-5
Stability
0 GF-6

Seal GLV-1
Valve Train
Compatibility Wear GLV-2
Protection
E85 Emulsion Emission Control
Retention
Rust & Corrosion System Protection
Protection

No Performance
Change

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
Introduction of JASO GLV-2
JASO M 364 Automobile Gasoline Engine Oils Application Manual (JASO M 364)

➢ The English version of the

application manual has also
been issued.
➢ The English version of the JASO standards has been issued.
(https://www.jalos.or.jp/)
(https://tech.jsae.or.jp/paperinfo/en/search?q[0].id=1&q[0].v=JASO+M+364&q[0].o=
Or)

➢ JASO M 364 Automobile Gasoline Engine Oils, which is JASO GLV-2 standard,
was issued in March 2024, and the application manual has also come into effect.
➢ On-file registration has begun.
Trends in PCMO Standards
 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
JASO DEO Standards for Light and Heavy Duty

Needs of New Diesel PCMO standard

New JASO
Diesel PCMO
? Standard

Diesel PCMO(5W-30) ･Good quality

･Reasonable cost
･Low vis.(5W-30)

API ACEA API API JASO

CF-4 A3/B4 CJ-4 CH-4 DH-1

Low quality High cost ･HDDO

･High vis.(15W-40)

Introduction
 [Open]
JASO DEO Standards for Light and Heavy Duty

History of JASO Diesel Engine Oil Standards

2000 2005 2017 2021

Heavy duty
Vehicles DH-1
(Trucks
and buses) w/o DPF DH-2
w/DPF DH-2F
API Low Ash
CD w/DPF Low Ash
CF-4 ＋Fuel economy

X DL-0
Obsolete w/o DPF Euro4 or below
Light duty
vehicles DL-1
w/DPF
Low Ash＋Fuel economy
w/DPF DL-2
ACEA C* level Ash＋Fuel economy
(* Equivalent level of sulphated ash for ACEA C2, C3, and C5)
Introduction
 [Open]
Specification Overview of JASO M355:2024 DL-0, DL-1, DL-2
SPECIFICATION For Light Duty Reference
JASO M 355:2024 JASO API (ACEA-2012) ACEA-2023
REQUIREMENT DL-0 DL-1 DL-2 DH-1 CF-4 A1/B1 A3/B3 A3/B4 A5/B5 C2 C4 C5
Laboratory Tests（Specification）
Viscosity grade ― xW-30,xW-20 ― ― ―
Evaporative loss (NOACK) ≦15 ≦18.0 ― ≦13 ≦13 ≦11 ≦13
Shear Stability Stay-in- XW-30:8.6 Min. Stay-in- xW-20 ≥ 5.6
xW-30 ≥ 9.3 stay in grade stay in grade
(ASTM D6278) glade XW20:Stay-in-grade glade xW-40≥ 12.0

TBN (ASTM D4739) ― ― ― 10.0≦ ― ― ― Report

TBN (ASTM D2896) 8.0≦ ― ― 8.0≦ 10.0≦ 8.0≦ ― 6.0≦
Sulphur ― ≦0.5 ― Report ≦0.3 ≦0.2 ≦0.3
Phosphorus ― ≦0.10 ― Report 0.07-0.09 ≦0.09 0.07-0.09
Sulphated ash ≦1.6 ≦0.6 0.7-0.8 ― ― ≦1.3 0.9 -1.5 1.0 -1.6 ≦1.6 ≦0.8 ≦0.5 ≦0.8
Seal compatibility ASTM D7216 ― ACEA (CEC L-039-96) ACEA (CEC L-112-16)
Engine Tests（Test Method）
Valve train wear protection
N04C (JASO M 354) ― OM646LA (CEC L-099-08)
performance
1K
Piston detergency N04C (JASO M 336) MackT-6 VW TDI (CEC L-078-99) VW TDI (CEC L-117-20)
(MackT-9)
Soot dispersal MackT-7
Mack T-8A (ASTM D5967 A9.) DV4TD (CEC L-093-04) DV6C (CEC L-106-14)
performance (MackT-8A)
High temperature Seq.IIIH Seq.IIIH Seq.IIIH
― TU5JP-L4 (CEC L-088-02) EP6CDT (CEC L-111-16)
oxidation stability 60h Pvis 70h Pvis 60h Pvis
Fuel economy
― M111(CEC-L-054-96) ― ― M111 ― M111 M111
improvement

Trends in PCMO Standards 66

 [Open]
Type of oil recommended on service manual

For Light Duty Diesel Vehicle with DPF

Recommendation
OEM
Quality Viscosity
A ACEA C5, C2 or JASO DL-1 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-30
ACEA C3 or C4
B 5W-30
JASO DL-1
ACEA C1, C2, C3 or C4
C 0W-30, 5W-30
JASO DL-1
5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40,
D API CK-4/JASO DH-2
15W-40
E ACEA C2,C3 0W-30, 5W-30
ACEA C3,E6,E9 API CK-4 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40,
F
JASO DH-2 15W-40
G ― ー
（Applied for vehicles with more stringent regulations than Euro5）

Trends in PCMO Standards 67

 [Open]
Type of oil recommended on service manual

For Light Duty Diesel Vehicle without DPF

Recommendation
OEM
Quality Viscosity
API CF-4,CF or
A 5W-30, 10W-30
ACEA B3,B4,B5 or JASO DL-0
API CF-4, CI-4 or 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30,
B
ACEA A3/B4 10W-40, 15W-40
ACEA A1/B1, A3/B3, A3/B4 or
5W-30, 10W-30, 15W-40,
C A5/B5
20W-40, 30
API CD or higher
D API CH-4/JASO DH-1 or higher 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 15W-40
E ー ー
F ACEA A5/B5, A3/B3 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40
G ACEA A3/B4, A5/B5 5W-30, 5W-40, 15W-40
（Applied for Euro4 or less strictly regulated vehicles）

Trends in PCMO Standards 68

 [Open]
Summary of Trends in PCMO Standards

In order to prevent air pollution and reduce CO2 emissions, the automotive, oil,
and additive industries are cooperating to develop and introduce fuel-economy,
high-quality engine oils.

GF-7, which is backward compatible with GF-6, is scheduled to be introduced in

March 2025, and there are also plans to introduce GF-8 in 2028.

JAMA, PAJ, and JSAE have worked on the development of the JASO M 364
GLV-1 0W-8/0W-12 standard and the JASO M 364 GLV-2 standard for high
viscosity index engine oils, which will contribute to further CO2 reduction toward
carbon neutrality.

The JASO M 355 standard for diesel engine oil includes DL-1 and DL-2, which
are suitable for passenger vehicles equipped with a DPF (Diesel Particulate
Filter) rated above Euro 5, as well as DL-0, which applies to vehicles without a
DPF rated below Euro 4.

Trends in PCMO Standards

 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
Importance of Appropriate Viscosity Grades

Fuel economy
➢ Lower viscosity provides fuel economy benefits in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime.
➢ Latest engines are designed to operate with low viscosity engine oils without sacrificing
durability.
Engine durability
➢ The use of low viscosity engine oils does not negatively affect the durability of engines
as long as OEM recommendations are followed.
Needs of appropriate viscosity grades
➢ Latest engines often use a variety of variable valve timing systems that involve hydraulic
mechanisms. These are necessary to improve emission control, engine output, and fuel
economy.
➢ Excessive viscosity will not provide any additional protection to engines, but it can cause
problems such as malfunctions of hydraulic mechanisms, higher fuel consumption, and
poor startability in cold climates.

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
Potential Fuel Savings

Engine Oil Market in Asia– 2022 Survey Report –

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
Potential Fuel Savings

Based on the FEEL Report

[Source: SAE Asia Open Forum 2009]

Fuel Economy Improvement by

Using Low Viscosity Engine Oil
Baseline
Country To 10W-30 To 0W-20
Year
Australia 2022 0.4% 2.3%
China 2022 0.6% 2.5%
Indonesia 2022 2.3% 4.8%
Japan 2022 0.1% 1.2%
Korea 2022 - 1.5%
Malaysia 2022 0.3% 1.7%
Philippines 2022 2.4% 5.3%
Singapore 2022 - 1.3%
Thailand 2022 3.6% 6.2%
Vietnam 2022 3.0% 5.8%

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
Benefits of Low Viscosity Engine Oils ?
Fuel economy
➢ Around 5.3% fuel savings are estimated from the penetration of 0W-20 engine oils for
passenger cars in the Philippines.
➢ Around 1.7% fuel savings are estimated from the penetration of 0W-20 engine oils for
passenger cars in the Malaysia.
➢ Around 4.8% fuel savings are estimated from the penetration of 0W-20 engine oils for
passenger cars in the Indonesia.
Reduction of CO2 emission
- CO2 emissions are proportional to fuel consumption

Easy engine starting

- Lower cranking resistance results in a longer battery life.

Smooth operation
- Better acceleration provides a smoother driving experience.

Lower running costs

- Approximately 90% of vehicle operating costs are fuel.

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

 [Open]
Owner’s Manual Example

The oil drain interval does not change, even if you use low-viscosity engine oil (0W-8).
The recommended oil is specified in the owner’s manual.

<Example>

OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

 [Open]
What type of oil for factory fill ?
Specifications for top-grade oil filled by OEMs from 8 Japanese OEMs at factories
➢ In the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, many Japanese OEMs have switched
the top-grade factory fill oils from SN to SP specifications.
Philippines Malaysia
8 8
SN
SN SP
6 6 SN
Number of OEMs

Number of OEMs
SN SN SP GLV-1 SM SN
SN SN
SM SM SM SM SM SP
4 SN SN 4 SM SN SN SN
SM SN SN SN
SM SM SP SM
SM SM
2 2 SL
SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SN
SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL OEM OEM
OEM OEM
SL In-house In-house
SL SL SL SL In-house In-house
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

Indonesia Japan
8 8
SN
SN
GLV-1
6 SM SM 6 SN

Number of OEMs
Number of OEMs

SM SN SN GLV-1 GLV-1
SM SP SN
4 SM SN SN SP 4 SM SM SN
SN SN SN SN
SN SN SP SP
SL SL SL SM
2 SL SM SM SN 2
SN SN
SL OEM OEM
SM
SL SL SM SM In-house In-house SL SL
OEM OEM
In-house In-house
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

 [Open]
What type of oil for factory fill ?
Viscosity grade for top-grade oil filled by OEMs from 8 Japanese OEMs at factories
➢ In the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, Japanese OEMs have switched the viscosity grades of their
factory fill oils from 10W-30 to lower viscosity grades such as 5W-30, 0W-20, and 0W-16.
Philippines Malaysia
8 8
0W16
0W20 0W16
0W16
6 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W16 6 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20

Number of OEMs
Number of OEMs

0W20 0W20 0W20 0W16 0W20 0W20

0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20

4 4 5W30 0W20
5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30 0W20 5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30 0W20
5W30 5W30 5W30 0W20 5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30
5W30 5W30
2 2
10W30 10W30 10W30 5W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 5W30
10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 5W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 5W30
10W30 10W30
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

Indonesia Japan
8 8
0W8 0W8 0W8 0W8 0W8
0W20
0W16 0W16 0W16 0W8 0W8 0W8
6 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W16 0W16 6
Number of OEMs

Number of OEMs
0W16 0W16 0W16
0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20
5W30
4 5W30 5W30 0W20 4 0W20 0W20 0W16 0W16
5W30 5W30 0W20 0W20 0W16
0W20 0W20
0W20 0W20
2 10W30 2 0W20 0W20 0W20
10W30 10W30 10W30 5W30 5W30 5W30 0W20 0W20
10W30 10W30 10W30 0W20
10W40 10W30 10W30 10W30 5W30 5W30 5W30
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

 [Open]
What type of oil for service fill ?
The analysis of the top specifications of service fill oils is as follows:
➢ In the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, Japanese OEMs have switched to use oils that meet
SN and SP specifications as their top-grade service fill oils.
Philippines Malaysia
8 8

6 6 SN SP

Number of OEMs
Number of OEMs

SP
SN SP
SN SP SN SN
4 SN SN SN 4 SN SN
SM SM SN SM
SM SM SM SM
SM SM SM SM
2 SN 2 SN
SN SM SN
SL SL SL SM SM
SL SL SL SM SL SL SL SL SM SM SM SM
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

Indonesia Japan
8 8
GLV-1 GLV-1
SP SN GLV-1
6 6

Number of OEMs
Number of OEMs

SN SP
SN
SM SM SM SN SN SN
4 SN SN 4 SN SN SN
SM SM SM SN SN SN SP
SN SP
SN SM
2 SM 2
SL SL SL SN
SL SM SM
SM SM SM SM SN
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

 [Open]
What type of oil for service fill ?
The analysis of the top viscosity grades of service fill oils is as follows:
➢ In the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia, Japanese OEMs have switched the viscosity grades of their
service fill oils from 10W-30 to lower viscosity grades such as 5W-30, 0W-20, and 0W-16.
Philippines Malaysia
8 8

0W20 0W16
6 0W20 0W20 0W20

Number of OEMs
6 0W20
Number of OEMs

0W20 0W20 0W20

0W20 0W20
0W20
0W20 0W20
5W30 5W20 0W30
0W20 0W20
4 4 5W30 5W30
0W20
5W30 5W30 0W20
5W30 5W30
5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30
5W30
5W30 5W30
2 10W30 5W30 5W30 5W30 5W30
2 5W30 5W30
10W30 10W30 0W30
10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30 10W30
10W30 10W30
5W30
5W40 10W30 5W30 5W30
5W40 5W40 5W40 5W40 5W40 5W40 5W40 5W30
0
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

Indonesia Japan
8 8
0W8 0W8 0W8 0W8 0W8

0W16 0W16 0W16 0W8 0W8 0W8

6

Number of OEMs
6
Number of OEMs

0W16
0W20 0W16 0W16 0W16
5W30 5W30 5W30
4 0W20 0W20 4 0W20 0W16
5W30 0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20
0W20 0W20 0W20 0W16 0W16
0W20
0W20 0W20
2 10W30 10W30 10W30 2 0W20
10W30 5W30
0W20 0W20 0W20 0W20
0W20 0W20
15W40 15W40 15W40 10W30
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2024 2025

OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

 [Open]
Engine oils available for sale in various countries
(Reposted graph)

Engine Oil Market in Asia– 2022 Survey Report –

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
Engine oils available for sale in various countries

Engine Oil Market in Asia– 2022 Survey Report –

Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

 [Open]
JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025 - PCMO TF -

<Contents>
1. Introduction
2. Trends in PCMO Standards
- ILSAC GF-X (GF-6, GF-7)
- JASO GLV-1 ( Ultra Low Viscosity )
- JASO GLV-2 ( Ultra High Viscosity Index )
- JASO DL-0, DL-1, DL-2 ( For Light duty vehicles )
3. Merit of Low Viscosity Engine Oils

4. OEMs’ Recommendation on PCMO

5. Summary

Summary
 [Open]
Summary
The target of this activity by JAMA PCMO TF is as follows:
➢ Promotion of high-quality, fuel-efficient engine oil for clean air and CO2 emission reduction (Carbon neutrality).
1) Improvement of the availability of ILSAC GF-6/API SP or its successor grades.
2) Promotion of JASO GLV-1 for ultra-low viscosity (0W-8/12) engine oil to improve fuel economy,
and the new JASO GLV-2 for ultra-high viscosity index for further CO2 emission reduction.
3) Promotion of the utilization of JASO DL-1 and DL-2 for light-duty diesel vehicles (LD) with DPF
and JASO DL-0 for LD without DPF.

From the survey of Japanese OEMs, we found that

1) GF-6/SP and SN have become dominant for factory fills.
2) The use of 0W-16 and 0W-20 is expanding in service fills. (0W-8 is also beginning to be used).
3) The engine oils available in the market that meet SP and GLV-1 specifications are limited, and
there are few low-viscosity, fuel-efficient oils with a viscosity of 0W-20 or lower..
⇒There is a need to better promote the use of high-quality, fuel-economy engine oils to
customers for factory fills.
Summary
 [Open]

JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

PCMO TF

Thank you very much

for your kind
attention !
 [Open]

Thank You and Feedback

Please send your questions for discussion session Seminar questionnaires survey & feedback
We’ll answer to the questions in discussion session. Your feedback is valuable to us.

https://forms.office.com/r/nd5rGfVYAR https://forms.office.com/r/f5bqZ0F7JW

| March 7, 2025 | JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025, Kuala Lumpur

 [Open]

JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

Motorcycle Oil Task Force (MCO TF)

87 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Motorcycle Engine Oil

Current Status and Future Direction

88 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Speakers
Industry Name Company
Satoshi Iijima Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
Speakers Hirohiko Otsu Shell Lubricants Japan K.K
Youhei Inagaki Infineum Japan Ltd.

Name Company
Tohru Miura Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
Yoshinori Sugi Suzuki Motor Corporation
Kozo Suzuki Kawasaki Motors, Ltd.
Naoto Horita Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
Takafumi Yonekawa Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
Noriyuki Matsui ENEOS Corporation
JAMA
Kiyoshi Hanyuda Shell Lubricants Japan K.K.
MCO TF Nobuo Ushioda Total Energies Lubrifiants S.A.
Members Takashi Fujitsu BP Japan K.K.
Kazuteru Kotaka Chevron Japan Ltd.
Kazuyoshi Miyoshi Lubrizol Japan Ltd.
Yoshinori Ono Afton Chemical Japan Corporation
Masahito Mori Evonik Japan Co., Ltd.
Sigenori Hidan Japan Lubricant Oil Society

89 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Contents

1. Motorcycle Engine Characteristics

and Engine Oil Requirements
2. Recommended Engine Oil and JASO 4T MCO Standard
3. Future Direction of Motorcycle Engine Oil
4. Status of JASO On-File
5. Summary

90 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Contents

1. Motorcycle Engine Characteristics

and Engine Oil Requirements
2. Recommended Engine Oil and JASO 4T MCO Standard
3. Future Direction of Motorcycle Engine Oil
4. Status of JASO On-File
5. Summary

91 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Comparison of Output Power
180

160
≒

Specific Power(kW/L)
140 Formula 1 1000cc
super sports
120
Passenger Cars
100
Motorcycles
80

60

40
≒
20
150cc scooter 2400cc sports
0
2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
Engine Speed(r/min)

Motorcycle engines output very high specific power

92 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Passenger Car Engine

Dry Type
Starter System

Transmission
(dedicated fluid)

Dry Clutch (MT)

Passenger car engine oil only lubricates engine

Oil properties are defined only by engine function
93 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]

AT Motorcycle Engine (Scooter)

Drive Gear
Starter System V Belt
Driven Pulley
(Dry type)

Automatic
Centrifugal
V Belt Clutch
Drive Pulley
Drive Pulley
Drive Pulley
(Dry type)

Scooter engine oil only lubricates engine

Oil properties are defined only by engine function
94 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]

MT Motorcycle Engine

Starter &
One-Way
Clutch

Multi-plate
Transmission Wet Clutch

Motorcycle engine oil lubricates engine, clutch and gears

Oil properties are defined by the three lubrication functions
95 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Clutch Type

Multi-plate Wet Clutch Centrifugal Clutch

96 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Impact of FM on Centrifugal Clutch

Characteristic of centrifugal clutch
3600

Engine speed (r/min)

3400 10W-40
3200 With F/M
3000 Clutch
Slipping!! 10W-40
2800 Without F/M
2600
2400 ※F/M：Friction Modifier
Test vehicle：
120cc 4cycle single cylinder
2200 Oil temp：80℃

2000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Vehicle speed (km/h)

Use of F/M requires religious care to prevent clutch slipping

97 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Contents

1. Motorcycle Engine Characteristics

and Engine Oil Requirements
2. Recommended Engine Oil and JASO 4T MCO Standard
3. Future Direction of Motorcycle Engine Oil
4. Status of JASO On-File
5. Summary

98 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Values of Recommended Viscosity

Exhaust Gas Emission
Noise
Fuel
Regulation
Consumption
Recommended
Viscosity 1 Higher Viscosity
2 3
1 : Better
Oil Consumption Drivability
2 : Normal
performance
3 : Worse

Lower Viscosity

Engine Low temperature

Durability engine function

Mechanical Noise

The use of recommended viscosity grade is vital

99 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Recommended Engine Oil

The optimum engine oil viscosity varies by model and operating conditions

Use OEM recommended oil in owner’s manual

100 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
JASO 4T MCO Standard – T 903:2023
[Open]

Required Performance Test Method Standard Value

SAE No.2 MA
MB
MA2 MA1
Clutch Friction DFI 2.60 - 1.45 1.45 - 1.30 1.30 - 0.20
SFI 2.55 - 1.60 1.60 - 1.40 1.40 - 0.25
STI 2.65 - 1.50 1.50 - 1.25 1.25 - 0.00

Gear Durability HTHS Viscosity, mPa･s 2.9 Min.

Oil Consumption NOACK, mass% 15 Max.
XW- 30 9.0 Min.
Shear Stability, XW- 40 12.0 Min.
Lubricity Stability 2
mm /s@100C XW- 50 15.0 Min.
Others Stay in Grade (SAE J 300)
SQ I 10/ 0 Max.
Foaming/ Settling,
Foaming Tendency SQ II 50/ 0 Max.
mL/mL
SQ III 10/ 0 Max.
Anti-rust Corrosion Sulfated Ash, mass% 1.2 Max.
Catalyst Compatibility Phosphorous Content, mass% 0.10 Max. 0.08 Min.

Equivalent
Other Performance API SJ, SL, SM, SN, SN PLUS, SP
Performance of

All the performance requirements for MCO are included

101 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]

JASO 4T MCO Standard – T 903:2023

Required
Test Procedure Standard Value
Performance

MA
SAE No.2 MB
MA2 MA1
Clutch
DFI 2.60 - 1.45 1.45 - 1.30 1.30 - 0.20
Friction
SFI 2.55 - 1.60 1.60 - 1.40 1.40 - 0.25

STI 2.65 - 1.50 1.50 - 1.25 1.25 - 0.00

SAE No.2：Friction property apparatus

DFI： Dynamic Friction Index
Clutch Friction : MA ＞ MB SFI： Static Friction Index
STI： Stop Time Index

102 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
JASO MA / MB Classification
JASO Mark Wet Clutch
Model
Classification on the bottle Compatibility
MT Motorcycle & Moped

2023

MA
MA1 2023
Compatible

MA2
2023

AT Scooter Only

MB 2023
Not required

Use oils meeting JASO requirements

103 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Contents

1. Motorcycle Engine Characteristics

and Engine Oil Requirements
2. Recommended Engine Oil and JASO 4T MCO Standard
3. Future Direction of Motorcycle Engine Oil
4. Status of JASO On-File
5. Summary

104 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Technical Challenges for Motorcycle Engine Oil

• Reducing Exhaust Gas Emissions

• Improving Fuel Economy……

• Performance and Durability

105 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Motorcycle Emissions Regulations
Red letter : Standard is unissued
Country Test cycle 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027
Euro 5a Euro 5b
EU WMTC
OBDⅡ
OBDⅡ
OBDⅡ：CAT
OBDⅡ

BS Ⅵ BS Ⅵ OBDⅡ BS Ⅵ
India WMTC
Euro5 OBDⅠ Euro5 OBDⅡA Euro5 OBDⅡB
OBDⅡ
UDC+EUDC Euro 3 Euro4
Indonesia WMTC select WMTC
4th 4th
Japan WMTC
Euro5 OBDⅡ
OBDⅡ
Euro5 OBDⅡ-2
OBDⅡ
Euro 5 OBDⅡ Euro 5b
Korea WMTC
OBDⅡ OBDⅡ：CAT
OBDⅡ
Euro4
Malaysia WMTC Euro 4
OBDⅠ
UDC+EUDC Euro 3 Euro4
Philippine WMTC select WMTC
China-4 China-5 OBDⅡ
China WMTC
Euro4 OBDⅠ Euro5 OBDⅡ

Singapore WMTC Euro 4

7th 8th
Thailand WMTC
Euro4 Euro5 OBDⅡ
OBDⅡ
UDC+EUDC Euro 3 Euro 4
Vietnam WMTC select WMTC

Increasingly stringent emissions regulations

Expanded introduction of OBDII
106 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]

OBDII Catalyst Deterioration Detection

On Board Diagnostic system = On Board type fault diagnosis system
・Exhaust gas countermeasure device failure Self-diagnosis
・When a fault is detected, the warning lamp lights to notify the driver
Diagnostic item Legal requirement
OBDⅠ ① Circuit continuity Detect disconnection or short circuit of a sensor, etc.
Diagnose sticking, out of range and reliability of
② Circuit rationality
sensor output.
Detect catalyst degradation when exhaust gas
③ Catalyst degradation
exceeds OBD threshold.
OBDⅡ Detect O2 sensor degradation when exhaust gas
④ O2 sensor degradation
exceeds OBD threshold
･Detect misfires in which exhaust gas exceeds
⑤ Misfire OBD threshold
･Detect misfires leading to catalyst damage

Deterioration of emissions & preventing air pollution

107 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Emission Reduction Technology
① Exhaust purification three-way catalyst
Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio: 14.7
② Electronically controlled fuel injection
③ O2 feedback system: ECU
System for controlling stoichiometric air-fuel ratio

Rich ← A/F →Lean

②
･Reduction of exhaust gas from engine Fuel Injector

・Reduction of exhaust gas with

high purification rate of three-way catalyst

Three-way catalyst
Honeycomb structure ①
③ Exhaust
O2 Three-way gas
Sensor O2
catalyst
Sensor

108 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Emission Reduction Technology
Exhaust gas purification using three-way catalysts?

Purify CO, HC, and NOX by oxidation-reduction at stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

Three-way catalyst Nontoxic gas

CO2
CO
H2O
THC
N2 ・Pt and Pd required for CO and THC purification
NOx
O2 ・Rh required for NOx purification

Precious metal (active ingredient) ・Specific surface area is increased by pores

Pt, Pd, Rh to increase

Alumina (coating material)

・Oxygen storage and release capacity to increase
Maintain the air-fuel ratio optimally
Ceria zirconia
(oxygen storage material)
・Ensure geometric surface area,
Metal honeycomb Ensure strength

109 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Emission Reduction Technology
【Factors of catalyst deterioration】
・Thermal deterioration
・Poisoning deterioration ・・・Phosphorus(P) in oil, Sulfur(S) in fuel and oil
Poisoning deterioration mechanism
● Poisoning ■ Masking ・Poisonous components such as P and S adhere
to the coating material and cover the precious metal.
・Poisonous components bind to the precious metal.
Coating material Coating material

Reduced activation performance of the precious metal

Technical Challenges for MCO

Reducing phosphorus content without compromising
engine reliability
110 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Viscosity Grade Distribution in Asian Market

10W-30
10W-40

20W-50
Single Grade 20W-40
30,40,50 15W-50
15W-40
10W-50

High viscosity oils are widely used

111 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]

Comparison of Viscosity Characteristics

Operating temperature in ASEAN region

The viscosity of 20W-50 is about 2times that of 10W-30 at 40℃ and 100℃.

High viscosity oil causes significant friction loss

112 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Downsides of High Viscosity Oil

Defects perceived by customers

◆Fuel economy greatly deteriorates.
◆Engine startability deteriorates. Especially for carb models under cold conditions.
◆Idling speed decreases and engine stalls.
◆Clutch drags and change becomes stiff. Neutral becomes difficult.
◆Output power drops and driving becomes poor. Engine does not turn lightly.
◆Since Throttle opens due to insufficient output power, exhaust gas components and
noise increase.

High viscosity oil has many disadvantages, especially

in fuel economy, startability and clutch function.

113 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Engine Friction and Fuel Economy
Test vehicle:110cc 4cycle single cylinder
Oil temp:80℃ Engine Speed:4000r/min
Test vehicle:110cc 4cycle single cylinder
20W-50
20W-40

10W-30
5W-30

0W-20

Lower viscosity oil provides better fuel economy

Technical Challenges for MCO
Further reduction in oil viscosity for fuel economy without
compromising engine reliability
114 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
Contents

1. Motorcycle Engine Characteristics

and Engine Oil Requirements
2. Recommended Engine Oil and JASO 4T MCO Standard
3. Future Direction of Motorcycle Engine Oil
4. Status of JASO On-File
5. Summary

115 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
JASO 4T On-File Status by Classification

Expiration of T 903:2011 On-File

Total 884 1140 1314 1576 1855 1350 1632 1840

The number of On-File oils is increasing year by year

116 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
 [Open]
JASO 4T On-File Status by Region

Total: 1,842

117 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

JASO 4T On-File Status in Asia

Total: 665

118 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]
Contents

1. Motorcycle engine characteristics

and engine oil requirements
2. Recommended engine oil and JASO 4T MCO Standard
3. Future Direction of Motorcycle Engine Oil
4. Status of JASO On-File
5. Summary

119 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Summary

1. Engine oils that meet JASO requirements should be used to

satisfy unique lubrication needs of motorcycles.

2. Motorcycle manufacturers’ recommended viscosity grade is

the most suitable, including older models.

3. The future direction of MCO will be to reduce phosphorus

content and further reduce viscosity for global environment
& users’ benefit.

4. The number of JASO On-File oils is increasing year by year.

120 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Thank you very much

for your kind attention!!

Motorcycle Oil Task Force

121 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

 [Open]

Thank You and Feedback

Please send your questions for discussion session Seminar questionnaires survey & feedback
We’ll answer to the questions in discussion session. Your feedback is valuable to us.

https://forms.office.com/r/nd5rGfVYAR https://forms.office.com/r/f5bqZ0F7JW

| March 7, 2025 | JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025, Kuala Lumpur

 [Open]

JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

JCMA OTSC Report

Japan Construction Machinery and

Construction Association
Oil Technical Subcommittee

March 7, 2025
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 [Open]

Members of JCMA
JCMA OTSC Report Agenda
[Open]

1.About the JCMA OTSC

2.Construction and Mining Machinery

3.Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic fluid

4.Achieving Carbon Neutrality

5.High-Viscosity Index Hydraulic Fluid Standard

6.Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Grease

7.Grand Summery of the JCMA OTSC Report

 [Open]

1. About JCMA OTSC

 [Open]

1. About JCMA OTSC

1. Position of the Subcommittee

Oil Technical Subcommittee (OTSC) is established as a subordinate
organization of the Mechanization Committee of the Japan Construction
Machinery and Construction Association (JCMA).

2. Purpose of the OTSC

To support the contribution of construction machinery to society from
the fuels and lubricants technology, specify the desired state, and solve
the technical issues of fuels and lubricants used in construction
machinery.
 [Open]

Member of JCMA OTSC

 [Open]

2. Construction and Mining

Machinery
2. Construction and Mining Machinery
[Open]

Kind of Construction & Mining Equipment

Mini excavator Skid steer loader Motor Grader

Hydraulic Excavator Bulldozer Crane

Wheel Loader Dump Truck Articulated Dump Truck

 [Open]

3. Lubricants for Construction

Machinery

Hydraulic fluid
 [Open]

3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid

Hydraulic fluid

Diesel Fuel

Engine Oil

Engine Coolant
Grease

Swing Motor Oil

Final Drive Oil

 [Open]

3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid

3.1 Example of Hydraulic Components for hydraulic excavator
Swing Motor
Center Joint

Control Valve
Hydraulic Cylinders

Travel Pilot Valve

Piston Pump

Front Pilot Valve

Hydraulic Motor
 [Open]

3. Lubricants for Rough Terrain Crane ; Hydraulic Fluid

3.2 Example of Hydraulic Components for rough terrain crane
Hydraulic Line

Telescopic Cylinder
Boom Wire Rope
Main Winch
Telescopic Cylinder Sub Winch

Sub Hook Derrick Cylinder

Derrick Cylinder Orbit roll for
Hyd. Pump Control Valve Steering
Diesel Engine Swing Motor Operating Lever
Hydraulic Winch
Main Hook
Jack Cylinder
Diesel Engine Crane and Driving Cab

Outrigger Outrigger Hyd. Valve

(Rear) (Front)
Hyd.Tank Slide Cylinder
Swivel Joint Outrigger Valve

Fig.1 Rough Terrain Crane configuration Fig.2 Rough Terrain Crane hydraulic system
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.3 Trends of Hydraulic fluid

• Higher Pressures
• Mobile equipment now at 300 bar, moving to 450 bar

• Smaller, Lighter Equipment

• Reduced fluid volumes
• Less residence time for cooling

• Higher Fluid Operating Temperatures

• 80 °C common for mobile equipment
• 100+ °C peak temperatures

• To be More Friendly with Environment

• Soil / Water / Air / Noise / Vibration

Improved Fluids are Required

Quality Standards of Hydraulic fluid

3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.4 Specific Requirements Comparison Industrial Use vs. Mobile Use

Industrial Machinery Construction Machinery More Severe Condition

Vane Pump,
Piston Pump/Motor, Gear than Industrial Use
Hydraulic Pump & Motor Gear Pump,
Pump
Piston Pump/Motor
Pressure, MPa 13 - 32 32 - 42 Higher Pressure
Oil Temperature, ℃ 60 80 - 100 Wider operating temperature
Necessary
Low Temperature Start Not Necessary
(<-20 deg.C)
Oil Reserver Open/Closed Pressurized or Closed
Airation Little Yes
Tank Capacity Large Small Need to consider friction
Parking Brake No Yes coefficient of brake materials
Allowable Limit of H2O, % >1.0 <0.2
Water Drain Yes (Drain Cock) No
Poorer maintenance conditions
Contamination of Dust < NAS 7 Grade Some cases; > NAS 9
Contamination of Engine Oil No Yes

JCMA OTSC members had realized that ISO standards at the time about hydraulic
oil had been for industrial use and not match for mobile use
That’s why OTSC established new standards for construction machinery in 2004
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.5 Trouble Examples caused by Hydraulic Fluid (1)

Failure Examples of Piston Pump Test (1)

Scratched Cylinder Block

Scuffed Cradle Bearing
Normal Surface of
Cylinder Block

Copper Transfer on
Cavitation and Wear of
Mating Rocker-Cam
Corroded Cylinder Block Cylinder Bore
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.5 Trouble Examples caused by Hydraulic Fluid (2)

Failure Examples of Piston Pump Test (2)

Scuffed Big Servo Piston

Worn Piston Shoes
Pitting of Bearing

Lacquer on Servo Piston

Caused Flow Reduction Color Change of Oil

Scuffed Piston Shoes

3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.6 Outline of JCMA Hydraulic Fluid Standards

・HK：Hydraulic fluid for construction machinery (JCMAS P041)

・HKB：Biodegradable hydraulic fluid for construction machinery (JCMAS P042)

3.6.1 Classifications
• Viscosity categorized low temperature and high temperature application
（Low temp. performance is different)

Type Symbol Uses Type Symbol Uses

Normal VG32 For construction machinery Normal VG32 For construction machinery
Temperature operating under ambient temperature operating under ambient
VG46 temperature of -5℃ or higher VG46 temperature of -5℃ or higher
use use
Low VG32W For construction machinery Low VG32L For construction machinery
temperature operating under ambient temperature operating under ambient
temperature of -25℃ or temperature of -25℃ or
use use
higher higher
VG46W For construction machinery VG46L For construction machinery
operating under ambient operating under ambient
temperature of -20℃ or temperature of -20℃ or
higher higher
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.6.2 Specification of HK (1/2)

Normal temperature use Low temperature use
Test Items
VG32 VG46 VG32W VG46W
ISO VG Classification ISO VG32 ISO VG46 ISO VG32 ISO VG46
Flash Point, °C Report
28.8 min. 41.4 min. 28.8 min. 41.4 min.
(40°C)
Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/s 35.2 max. 50.6 max. 35.2 max. 50.6 max.
(100°C) 5.0 min. 6.1 min. 5.3 min. 6.8 min.
Viscosity Index 90 min. 90 min. 120 min. 120 min.
Pour Point, °C -17.5 max. -15.0 max. -40.0 max. -30.0 max.
(-20°C) - 5,000 max.
Low Temperature Viscosity, mPas - -
(-25°C) 5,000 max. -
(24°C) 50 max./0 max.
Foaming, ml (93.5°C) 50 max./0 max.
(24°C after 93.5°C) 50 max./0 max.
Shear Stability, Viscosity Loss (100°C), % - 10 max.
Oxidation Stability (95°C, 1,000 hrs), TAN Increase, mgKOH/g 1.0 max.
Rust-preventing characteristics (synthetic sea water, 24 hrs) No rust to be identified
Hardness change -25 min.
Seal Compatibility Change in Tensile strength, % -50 min.
(NBR, 100°C, 240 hrs) Change in Elongation, % -50 min.
Change in Volume, % 0 - +30
Hardness change -5 - +5
Seal Compatibility Change in Tensile strength, % -30 min.
(AU, 120°C, 240 hrs) Change in Elongation, % -30 min.
Change in Volume, % -5 - +5
https://jcmanet.or.jp/jcmas/pdf/p041_en_0518.pdf
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.6.2 Specification of HK (2/2)

Normal temperature use Low temperature use
Test Items
VG32 VG46 VG32W VG46W
Aniline Point, °C 90 min.
1st run 25 max.
Filterability Test, min.
2nd run 30 max.
Copper Corrosion (100°C, 3 hrs) 1 max.
Load-carrying Capacity (Shell Four-Ball), Weld load, N 1,235 min.
Anti-wear Test (Shell Four-Ball), (294 N, 1,200 min-1, 60 min., 75°C),
0.6 max.
Wear Scar Diameter, mm
FZG Gear Test, Failure Load Stage 8 min.
For all changes to evaluation items )the discharge flow rates,
Lubricity Evaluation with Model HPV35+35 Pump components wear, and changes in the hydraulic fluid
(34.3 MPa, 2,100 min-1, 95°C, 500 hrs) characteristics,) the test results shall be within the specified
High-pressure Piston Pump Test criteria.
Viscosity Change (40 °C), % +10 max.
Service Life Evaluation with Model A2F Pump
TAN Increase, mgKOH/g 2.0 max.
(34.3 MPa, 1,500 min-1, 80°C, 500 hrs)
Contaminants (0.8µm), mg/100 ml 10 max.
Lubricity Evaluation with Model 35VQ25 Pump
Ring and vane total: 90 max.
(20.79 MPa, 2,400 min-1, 93°C, 150 hrs), wear, mg
Vane Pump Test
Lubricity Evaluation with Model 104C Pump
Ring and vane total: 50 max.
(13.7 MPa, 1,200 min-1, 66°C, 100 hrs), wear, mg
Micro-clutch Test, µ 0.08 min.
Friction Characteristics
SAE#2 Friction Test Machine, (1,000 cycles), µs 0.07 min.

https://jcmanet.or.jp/jcmas/pdf/p041_en_0518.pdf
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.7 Biodegradable hydraulic fluid (HKB)

3.7.1 Necessity of biodegradable hydraulic fluid

Mineral ・Not easily biodegradable，Long-term remain

・Significant damage
oil
in the natural environment
leakage and dispersion of hydraulic oil
due to sudden accidents ...

Biodegradable “Easily biodegradable”

oil
“Minimal damage on the ecosystem”
Increasing awareness of environmental protection
→ Anticipated global increase in usage
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.7.2 What is biodegradable hydraulic fluid?

“More than 60% is decomposed into water and

carbon dioxide within 28 days by
microorganisms existing in nature."
Examples of regional regulations ※Eco Label Certification Standards

United States: VIDA（Vessel Incidental Discharge Act）

Europe: Chainsaw oil used in forests
Germany: CE used near rivers for drinking water extraction is mandatory

Regional Certified
Eco label

Czech Germany Japan Europe South Korea Sweden

Republic
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.7.3 Characteristics in the use of Construction Machinery

1: High temperature, 2: High pressure, 3: Intermittent operation

(moisture generation due to condensation)

Making it suitable for use in Construction Machinery, the

biodegradable hydraulic fluid standard JCMAS P042 has
been established. (based on the industrial biodegradable
hydraulic oil standard ISO 15380(2002))
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.7.4 Specification of HKB (1/2)

Normal temperature use Low temperature use
Test Items
VG32 VG46 VG32L VG46L
ISO VG Classification ISO VG32 ISO VG46 ISO VG32 ISO VG46
Density (15°C), kg/m3 Report
ASTM Color Report
Flash Point, °C Report
28.8 min. 41.4 min. 28.8 min. 41.4 min.
(40°C)
Kinematic Viscosity, mm2/s 35.2 max. 50.6 max. 35.2 max. 50.6 max.
(100°C) 5.3 min. 6.8 min. 5.3 min. 6.8 min.
(-10°C) Report -
Low Temperature Viscosity, mPas (-20°C) 5,000 max. -
-
(-25°C) - 5,000 max.
Pour Point, °C -17.5 max. -35.0 max. -30.0 max.
TAN, mgKOH/g Report
Water Content, mg/kg 1,000 max. (Before breaking the container seal)
Hardness change -40 - +10
Seal Compatibility Change in Tensile strength, % -65 - +20
(NBR, 100°C, 240 hrs) Change in Elongation, % -60 - +20
Change in Volume, % -5 - +70
Hardness change -8 - +8
Seal Compatibility Change in Tensile strength, % -15 - +20
(HNBR, 100°C, 240 hrs) Change in Elongation, % -15 - +20
Change in Volume, % -5 - +15
Hardness change Report
Seal Compatibility Change in Tensile strength, % Report
(AU, 100°C, 240 hrs) Change in Elongation, % Report
Change in Volume, % Report
https://jcmanet.or.jp/jcmas/pdf/p042_en_0518.pdf
3. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Hydraulic Fluid
[Open]

3.7.4 Specification of HKB (2/2)

Normal temperature use Low temperature use
Test Items
VG32 VG46 VG32L VG46L
Cupper Corrosion (100°C, 3 hrs) 1 max.
Rust-preventing Characteristics (Distilled Water, 24 hrs) No rust to be identified
(24°C) 50 max./0 max.
Foaming, ml (93.5°C) 50 max./0 max.
(24°C after 93.5°C) 50 max./0 max.
FZG Gear Test, Failure Load Stage 8 min.
Vane Pump Test (Model 104C Pump), 250 hrs, wear, mg Ring 120 max, Vane 30 max.
Viscosity Change (40 °C), % +10 max.
Service Life Evaluation with Model A2F Pump
High-pressure Piston Pump Test TAN Increase, mgKOH/g 2.0 max.
(34.3 MPa, 1,500 min-1, 80°C, 500 hrs)
Contaminants (0.8µm), mg/100 ml 10 max.
Cupper Weight Loss, mg/cm2 Report
Hydrolytic Stability Cupper Appearance Report
AN Increase in Oil Layer, mgKOH/g Report
Load-carrying Capacity (Shell Four-Ball), Weld load, N 1,235 min.
Anti-wear Test (Shell Four-Ball), (294 N, 1,200 min-1, 60 min., 75°C),
0.6 max.
Wear Scar Diameter, mm
Micro-clutch Test, µ 0.05 min.
Friction Characteristics
SAE#2 Friction Test Machine, (1,000 cycles), µs 0.07 min.
Biodegradability (28 days) Shall meet the criteria specified in Japan ECO Mark product
Environmental Criteria
Acute Toxicity (96 hrs, LC50 Value) category #110

https://jcmanet.or.jp/jcmas/pdf/p042_en_0518.pdf
 [Open]

4. Achieving Carbon Neutrality

4. Carbon Neutrality of Construction Machinery
[Open]

Item Technology Note

FAME
- Biofuels
HVO
1 Fuels Refer OEM recommendation
- e-fuel
- Hydrogen

2 Lubricants - High efficiency hydraulic fluid Under discussion at JCMA OTSC

- Hybrid
Battery
Cable
- Electrification
3 Powertrains Trolley By each OEM
Fuel Cell
- Diesel Electric
- H2-ICE
- Efficiency improvement
4 Components By each OEM
- Regeneration
4. Carbon Neutrality of Construction Machinery
[Open]

➢ Hybrid Excavator

Sumitomo SH200HB-7

Example of hybrid system (Komatsu)

Komatsu HB215-2
4. Carbon Neutrality of Construction Machinery
[Open]

➢ Electric Excavator ➢ Electric Rough Terrain Crane

Tadano eGR-250N

Quick

Kubota KX038-4e

Quick Charging Unit

Normal

Normal

Main Unit Sub Unit

Sumitomo SH75E (Prototype) Charging System

 4. Carbon Neutrality of Construction Machinery
[Open]

➢ Fuel Cell Excavator

蓄電器
Battery

モーター
Motor
水素タンク
H2 Tank

燃料電池
Fuel Cell

Kobelco Fuel Cell Excavator (Prototype)

Example. Fuel Cell System

Komatsu Fuel Cell Excavator (Concept)

 [Open]

5. High-Viscosity Index Hydraulic

Fluid Standard

JCMAS HKK (Tentative Name)

 [Open]

5.1 Efficiency of construction equipment

Engine

Leakage
Hydraulic cylinder Hydraulic pump
Friction loss

Pressure loss
Control valve
Control valve Leakage

Piping Pressure loss

Pilot valve
Leakage
Break valve Hydraulic
Leakage
cylinder
Swing motor
旋回モータ
Piston pump Leakage
Travelling motor
走行モータ Hydraulic motor
Diesel engine friction loss Distribution of Hydraulic System
Efficiency in Actual Operation

Hydraulic equipment of hydraulic Effective work Source：Mr. Sugiyama，

excavators and their arrangement Trybologist（2006）

Location of energy loss

 [Open]

5.2 Efficiency of the hydraulic system

Measures to reduce losses
Type of loss Measure to reduce Points

⚫ Pressure loss ◆ Low viscosity ✓ Risk of increased

◆Low density leakage
⚫ Mechanical
◆ Low viscosity ✓ Fear of increased wear
loss
◆ Low friction ✓ Risk of slipping on
⚫ Leakage parking brake
◆ High viscosity
loss
✓ Pressure loss may
increase
 [Open]

5.3 Viscosity temperature characteristics

Comparison between two ISO VG 46 oils
10000
Low viscosity index oil High viscosity index oils exhibit
Startable viscosity upper limit
1000 lower viscosity at low
temperatures, which improves
Kinematic viscosity, mm²/s

Advantages of Low temperature side

cold startability and reduces
100 High viscous resistance, thereby
Advantages of High temperature side
50 viscosity ISO 46 improving the mechanical
index oil efficiency of the system.
In addition, at high
temperatures, it exhibits higher
10 Lower limit of usable viscosity viscosity, which improves oil
film strength and reduces
5.0 Expansion of usable temperature range
leakage, thus improving the
Lower limit of usable temperature Higher limit of
usable viscosity volumetric efficiency of the
3.0
-20 -10 0 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 system.
Temperature, ℃
 [Open]

5.4 Relationship between hydraulic oil viscosity and pump efficiency

As the viscosity of the hydraulic

oil increases, the mechanical
efficiency of the hydraulic pump
decreases, but the volumetric
Pump efficiency

efficiency increases.
The overall efficiency of a pump
is expressed by the product of
mechanical efficiency and
Optimum volumetric efficiency.
viscosity range In other words, there is an
optimum viscosity range. High-
viscosity-index​ oils have a wide
temperature range for optimum
viscosity, which is effective in
improving overall efficiency.

Hydraulic oil viscosity

 [Open]

5.5 Impact of Hydraulic Oil Viscosity Index on Pump Efficiency

Results of joint research with construction equipment manufacturers

55
55.4
The higher the hydraulic
hOverall, %

53.4 oil viscosity index, the

5051.7 better the overall
pump efficiency

51.7
50.7
efficiency of the
45
hydraulic pump.
Overall Efficiency

40 However, it is VI > 150

40.2 that is more pronounced
35 37.0 and, to a VI = 120
Overall

Pump model：Komatsu HPV35+35 extent, the overall

30 31.5
Rotation speed： 2100rpm efficiency rather
31.2 Temperature：80℃
28.5
decreases due to shear
25 of the polymer (viscosity
100 120 140 160 180 200 modifiers).
280 bar 350 bar Viscosity Index

Source： H. Hamaguchi, S. Ohkawa, et. al.; Fuels and Lubes Asia (2006)
 [Open]

5.6 Impact of hydraulic oil shear stability on Pump Efficiency

Results of joint research with construction equipment manufacturers
25
%

210 bar
Improvement,

20 280 bar
350 bar Poor shear stability of the
hydraulic fluid reduces the
，％

15 overall efficiency improvement

effect of the hydraulic pump.
efficiency

Pump model：HPV35+35
Efficiency

10
Rotation speed: 2100rpm
Temperature： 80℃
Care should be taken in the
selection of viscosity modifiers.
pump
Overall

5
Overall

0
Polymer
Polymer FF Polymer
Polymer AA Polymer
Polymer GG
(Shear:
(6,5% KV6.5%)
loss) (Shear:
(9,0% KV9.0%)
loss) (Shear: 14.5%)
(14,5% KV loss)

Source： H. Hamaguchi, S. Ohkawa, et. al.; Fuels and Lubes Asia (2006)
 [Open]

5.7 Outline of High Viscosity Index Hydraulic Fluid Standards for Construction Machinery
Mainly the reference values for viscosity characteristics
Three viscosity grades are set
according to the characteristics
Type（tentative） of the hydraulic system
Type
Item HKK-L HKK-M HKK-H 70 oC viscosity is specified
considering actual operating
Kinematic viscosity（@40℃） (mm2/s) 42.6 max. 55.0 max. 72.8 max. conditions of construction
equipment
Kinematic viscosity（@70℃） 16.00 max. 20.00 max. 25.00 max.
(mm2/s) 13.00 min. 16.00 min. 20.00 min.
[Calculated value is acceptable ] Viscosity index of new oil is 170
or more
Kinematic viscosity（@100℃） (mm2/s) 6.85 min. 8.19 min. 9.94 min.
Pour point and low temperature
Viscosity index 170 min. viscosity are uniform just to
ensure low-temperature
Pour point (℃) -20.0 max.
startability
Low temperature viscosity（@-
(mPa･s) 5,000 max. KRL method was employed due
20℃）
to good correlation with field.
Shear stability test（KRL method，20h） Viscosity index after shear is
160 min. Kinematic viscosity at
Viscosity index after shear 160 min. 100 oC after shear is 6.50 min.
2
Kinematic viscosity at 100°C after shear (mm /s) 6.50 min. from the viewpoint of machine
protection
Other items As same as JCMAS HK
Same as JCMAS HK except for
visco-metric properties
 [Open]

Comparison of viscosity and temperature characteristics of new standards

Relative comparison of three viscosity grades
100
68 72.8

46 55.0 Upper viscometric limit of HKK-H Specify three

viscosity grades
Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s

32
42.6
Upper viscometric limit of HKK-M at 70℃ kinematic
22
viscosity.
15
25.00 Lower viscometric The upper and
10 Upper viscometric 20.00 limit of HKK-H lower limit lines
limit of HKK-L are VI = 170
16.00 Lower viscometric lines.
limit of HKK-M
13.00

9.94

Lower viscometric 8.19

limit of HKK-L
6.85

40 70 100
Temperature，℃
 [Open]

Comparison of viscosity temperature characteristics of new standard

and commercial hydraulic fluid
100

68

46
Add the viscosity
temperature
32
Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s

KOMHYDRO
22
HO 56-HE classified as curves of the
HKK-H commercial
15
hydraulic oils in
Hitachi New Landy
10
EC classified as
the figure on the
HKK-L previous page

Most of the commercial high-

visco​sity-index​ hydraulic
fluids (ISO VG 46) from
petroleum manufacturers are
classified as HKK-M

40 70 100

Temperature，℃
 [Open]

5.8 Future Standardization Schedule and Issues

Standardization Schedule （tentative） Issues

① Construction machinery has many models,
Dec. 2024 Preparation of final draft of standards
and the impact of hydraulic fluid viscosity on
(OTSC ⇒ Standards Committee) the efficiency of hydraulic system is different,
so it is difficult to select an appropriate
Jan. 2025 Standards review (JCMA Domestic Standards viscosity grade. Incorrect selection may lead
Subcommittee) to even poor efficiency.
Proper recommendations from construction
Mar. 2025 Advertisement for comments (Japanese equipment manufacturers are important.
Standards Association) ② Precise measurement of the efficiency (fuel
consumption) of construction machinery is
May. 2025 Establishment (planned) not only costly but also affected by the
climate, operating conditions, operator’s skill,
Jul. 2025 Start On-file notification (planned) etc. (Reason why not to name “high-efficiency
hydraulic fluid”)
③ Need to avoid the confusions caused by not
using traditional ISO VG.
 [Open]

6. Lubricants for Construction

Machinery

Grease
 [Open]

6. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Grease

Hydraulic fluid

Diesel Fuel

Engine Oil

Grease Engine Coolant

Swing Motor Oil

Final Drive Oil

6.Lubricants
4. Lubricants for Construction
for Construction Machinery Machinery
; Grease ; Grease
[Open]

6.1 Trouble Examples caused by wrongly selected Grease

Arm top Severe abrasion

[Image photograph]

Preventable by using
appropriate grease
New parts Grease groove are worn
[Image photograph]
6. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Grease
[Open]

6.2 Outline of JCMA Grease Standards

・GK ：General Lubricating Grease for Construction Machinery (JCMAS P040)

・GKB：Biodegradable Grease for Construction Machinery (Same as above)

6.2.1 Classification

Class Operating Suitability for use conditions

Use Consistency temperature Contact Biodegradability Application example
Grade limit, ℃ with water
General No.1 General construction
Grease (GK) No machinery
No.2
Biodegradable No.2 -20 ~ +130 Suited Yes Construction machinery
grease (GKB) to be used at the site
requiring environmental
protection
6. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Grease
[Open]

6.2.2 Specification of GK and GKB (General performance)

Performance criteria JCMAS GK GKB
Consistency Grade
Item
No. 1 No. 2 For more details, please refer
Range of operating temperature (°C) -20～+130
Thickener type Report to the link below.
General Property
Worked penetration 310～340 265～295 https://jcmanet.or.jp/jcmas
Unworked penetration Report
/pdf/P040e.pdf
Apparent viscosity (-10°C, shear rate: 10S-1) (Pa * s) 250 or less 500 or less
Base oil kinematic viscosity（40°C） (mm2/s) Report
Dropping point (°C) 170 or more
Heat Resistance Oil separation (100°C, 24h) (mass %) 10 or less 5 or less
Evaporation loss (99°C, 22h) (mass %) 2.0 or less
Humidity cabinet test (14 days) Class A
Rust Prevention
Copper corrosion (100°C, 24h) No discoloration to green or black
Extreme-Pressure/ Four-ball load carrying characteristics (weld load) (N) 1961 or more 981 or more
Anti-Wear Properties
(Four-Ball Method) Four-ball wear preventive property (wear scar diameter) (mm) 0.7 or less
Mechanical Stability Worked stability 400 or less 375 or less
Water Washout
Water washout loss (38°C,1h) (mass %) 10 or less
Characteristics
Oxidation Stability Oxidation stability (90°C,100h) (KPa) 80 or less
Hardness change -30 or more Report
Tensile strength change (%) -70 or more Report
NBR
Elongation change (%) -80 or more Report
Seal Compatibility Test Volume change (%) 0～40 Report
(100°C, 72h) Hardness change -5～+5 Report
Tensile strength change (%) -70 or more Report
AU (urethane)
Elongation change (%) -60 or more Report
Volume change (%) -5～+15 Report
 [Open]

6. Lubricants for Construction Machinery ; Grease

6.2.3 Specification of GK and GKB (Environmental performance for GKB)

Item Test method Criteria

Biodegradability OECD 301B Biodegradability is 60% or higher
(28 days) within 28 days
OECD 301C
OECD 301F *10-days window of OECD 301B
does not apply
ASTM D5864
ASTM D6731
Fish Acute Toxicity OECD 203 96h LC50 value is 100mg/l or
96h LC50 value above
JIS K 0102
JIS K 0420-71-30

Environmental standard is the same as Eco mark product category

No.110 “Biodegradable Lubricating oil”
 [Open]

7. Grand Summary of the JCMA OTSC

Report
 [Open]

7. Grand Summary of the JCMA OTSC Report

1. With suitable specifications for lubricants and greases for construction machinery, end
users can choose excellent lubricants and greases.
2. We have established the standards for construction machinery. Hydraulic fluid
(JCMAS HK), biodegradable hydraulic fluid (JCMAS HKB), grease (JCMAS GK),
biodegradable grease (JCMAS GKB).
3. JCMA OTSC has been studying high VI hydraulic fluid standard for improving
efficiency of hydraulic systems.
4. JCMA On-File system is adopted to promote the standard as with JASO engine oil
standards,
5. Site problems on the quality of lubricating oil decrease as standards penetrate.
 [Open]

Thank you for your attention !!

Please visit URL of JCMA On-File System:

https://www.jalos.or.jp/jcmaonfile/jcma_e.htm
 [Open]

Thank You and Feedback

Please send your questions for discussion session Seminar questionnaires survey & feedback
We’ll answer to the questions in discussion session. Your feedback is valuable to us.

https://forms.office.com/r/nd5rGfVYAR https://forms.office.com/r/f5bqZ0F7JW

| March 7, 2025 | JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025, Kuala Lumpur

 [Open]

Trends in
Lubricant and
Additive Technologies
March 2025

JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025

 [Open]

Contents
1. History of Automotive Lubricants
2. Lubricants components
3. Future technology
4. EV topics
5. Wrap up

174
 [Open]

Advancing technologies, Automobiles EV

Item ~ 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s

DOHC Common
Performance TC Turbo VVT Rail
Rotary I-C Electronics
Control VNT
5AT 6AT
Step 8AT Autonomous
Easy Drive 3AT 4AT Slip
AT Control 10AT Vehicles
CVT DCT
AMT
DI
Hybrid HCCI
Lean Down
Fuel Economy Burn sizing VCR
GDI
Idle Common
Stop Rail
Exhaust Fuel
Catalyst
DOC Cell
Emission DPF/SCR
EGR Cooled EV
EGR TSI
Gasoline Diesel Trans-
Legend : Engine Engine mission Others

175
 [Open]

History of Automotive Lubricant Specifications

Type of Car Region 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
API SC SD SE SF SG SH SJ SL SM SN / SN+ SP SQ? SR?
USA
ILSAC GF-6A
GF-2 GF-3 GF-4 GF-5 GF-7 GF-8
Passenger GF-1 GF-6B
Car Japan JASO GLV-1
GLV-2
Europe CCMC G ACEA A ACEA A/B
CI-4 plus CK-4 PC-12A
USA API CC / CD CE CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4
CJ-4 FA-4 PC-12B
Heavy
JASO DH-1
Duty
Japan JASO DH-2
Diesel
JASO DH-2F
Europe CCMC D ACEA E
JASO DL-1
Japan
Passenger JASO DL-2
Diesel Asia JASO DL-0
Europe CCMC SHPD ACEA B ACEA A/B and C
JASO FA/FB/FC JASO FB / FC / FD
Japan
Motorcycle JASO MA/MB
USA API TC

176
 [Open]

History of Automotive Lubricant Specifications

Type of Car Region 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
API SC SD SE SF SG SH SJ SL SM SN / SN+ SP SQ? SR?
USA
ILSAC GF-6A
GF-2 GF-3 GF-4 GF-5 GF-7 GF-8
Passenger GF-1 GF-6B
Car Japan JASO GLV-1
GLV-2
Viscosity Grade
Europe #30 20W-40 10W-40
CCMC G 10W-30
ACEA A 5W-30 5W-20
ACEA A/B 0W-20 0W
CI-4 plus CK-4 PC-12A
USA API CC / CD CE CF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4
CJ-4 FA-4 PC-12B
Heavy
JASO DH-1
Duty
Japan JASO DH-2
Diesel
JASO DH-2F
Europe #40 CCMC D 15W-40 10W-30
ACEA E 5W-
JASO DL-1
Japan
Passenger JASO DL-2
Diesel Asia 10W-40 10W-30 5W-30
JASO DL-0 0W
Europe CCMC SHPD ACEA B ACEA A/B and C
#40 20W-40/20W-50 10W-30/40
JASO FA/FB/FC JASO FB / FC / FD
Japan (5W-30)
Motorcycle JASO MA/MB
USA API TC

177
 [Open]

Contents
1. History of Automotive Lubricants
2. Lubricant components
3. Future technology
4. EV topics
5. Wrap up

178
 [Open]

Automotive Lubricant components

Additives
Detergent
Dispersant
Anti-Oxidant
Anti-Wear
Viscosity Modifier
Others
Base oil ・Friction Modifier
・Rust Inhibitor
・Corrosion Inhibitor
・Anti-Foam

179
 History of Base Oil Refining and Additive Technology [Open]

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Atmospheric Distillation
Distillation
Base Oil Refining Technologies

Vacuum Distillation

Removal of Solvent Refining (Sulfurous Acid Anhydride Method)

Sulfuric Acid Washing, Water
Aromatics Washing Solvent Refining (Furfural Method) Group I
Removal of
Clay Treatment Hydro treatment
S and N
Removal of
Solvent Dewaxing Catalytic Dewaxing
Wax
Group II
Hydrocracking
Adjustment of
Hydrocarbon Wax Isomerization
Molecule Group III
GTL Method

Petroleum Sulfonate Phenate OCP High MW Succimide

Additive Technologies

DBPC Dispersant PAMA MoDTC Star Polymer

Automotive
Ca Sulfonate Basic Phenate Comb Polymer
Lubricant
ZnDTP Succimide
Silicone Antifoam Salicylate

Oleic Acid PAMA P-S-Cl type EP Agent

Industrial
S type EP Agent
Lubricant
Fatty Amine Benzotriazole

Standard, SAE Viscosity Classification API Service Classification API Base Oil Classification
Specification, Test
Method, etc. Viscosity Index Multi Grade Lubricant

Social Movement First World War Second World War First Petroleum Shock Kyoto Protocol

180
 [Open]

Re-Refined Base Oil (RRBO)

Re-refined base oil (RRBO) is a type of base oil produced by refining used lubricating oils.
The process involves removing contaminants, water, and other impurities from the used
oil to produce a product that can be used again in various applications.

【Process Image】
Water

Fuel oil

Hydro-
treating Vacuum
Used Pretreatment Distillation
oil /cracking

RRBO
Polymer Metal （GrI～III）
 [Open]

Bio Base Oil

Bio base oil is a type of base oil derived from renewable biological sources,
such as plants or animal fats.
In recent years, Group III base oils derived from plants have been put on the market.

【Process Image】

Hydro- Naphtha Oligomer-

Pretreatment cracking cracking ization

Triglycerides Bio BO
（Gr III）
 [Open]
API Categories of Base Stock for Engine Oils
Sulfur Saturates Viscosity
Category Typical Refining Process
(%) (%) Index
Solvent extraction /Hydro finishing/
Group Ⅰ > 0.03 and / or < 90 80 to 120
Solvent dewaxing
Group Ⅱ < 0.03 and > 90 80 to 120 Hydro treating /Hydro dewaxing
Hydro cracking /
Group Ⅲ < 0.03 and > 90 > 120
Hydro dewaxing or GTL or Wax isomerization
Group Ⅳ Poly-Alpha-Olefins (PAO)
Group Ⅴ All other base oils not included in Gr.Ⅰ~ Ⅳ

183 Copyright© Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association, Inc.

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Comparison of Base Stocks by API Categories
Performance Group Ⅰ Group Ⅱ Group III Group IV

Solubility ◎ ○ － －
Oxidation Stability － ○ ◎ ◎
Legend
Thermal Stability － ○ ◎ ◎ －: Fair
○: Good
Volatility － ○ ◎ ◎ ◎: Excellent

API Category Group I Group II Group III Group IV (PAO)

3
Density (15℃), g/cm 0.870 0.847 0.84 0.826
Color (ASTM) L0.5 L0.5 L0.5 L0.5
Flash Point (COC), ℃ 234 226 234 238
2
Kinematic Viscosity (40℃), mm /s 30.7 29.1 32.7 30.5
2
Kinematic Viscosity (100℃), mm /s 5.29 5.27 6.02 5.85
Viscosity Index 104 113 132 136
Pour Point, ℃ -12.5 -17 -20 -65.0
Sulfur, mass% 0.03 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.00
Noack, wt% 15.7 14.0 7.9 10.4

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Example 1: Group III superior performance

・Lower viscosity tend to give

higher volatility

Group-I and II ・Group-III shows lower volatility

0W-xx 5W-xx than Groups-I / II
(<15% NOACK) (<15% NOACK)

Group-III ・0W grade with <15% NOACK can be

realized by Group-III

Source: HP of base oil producers

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Examples 2: Trade-Off, Base oil and Additive development

Low Viscosity High Viscosity

Fuel Economy Base Oil Film Thickness
Cooling Sealing
Engine Start Low Volatility
Merit Demerit
Detergency Metallic LSPI
Thermal Stability Detergent Ash Accumulation on Piston Head
Anti-Rust （e.g. Gas Engine）

Dispersancy Ashless Low Temperature Fluidity

Zero Ash Dispersant Block other Additives

Anti-Wear Cat. Poisoning

ZnDTP
Oxidation Stability (Anti-Wear) Sludge Formation
Anti-Corrosion Discoloring

186
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Contents
1. History of Automotive Lubricants
2. Lubricants components
3. Future technology
4. EV topics
5. Wrap up

187
Trends in Lubricant Components
[Open]

Component Basic Functions Recent Developments

Viscosity, Solubility, Higher Viscosity Index, reduced volatility,
Base Oil
Low volatility, Stability and improved oxidation stability

Engine detergency, Sulfur-free detergents to reduce

Detergent Acid neutralization, Pre-ignition in TGI engines
Thermal stability
Soot dispersancy, Balanced adsorption and solubility such
Dispersant as High MW Succinimides
Sludge prevention
Prevents oxidation Increased use of Ashless anti-oxidants
Anti-Oxidant and oil thickening to reduce phosphorus

Anti-Wear Forms an anti-wear layer Reduced ZnDTP usage with increased

Agent in boundary lubrication Ashless anti-wear agents

Friction Reduce friction Multi-FM formulations.

Modifier between rubbing surfaces Effective FM in EHL region

Viscosity Improves temperature- Advanced polymers with

Modifier viscosity performance innovative molecular designs

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Future Technologies
• Fuel economy remains a top priority, with further viscosity reduction expected.
PCMO • Base oil technology, including high VI and low volatility, is critical.
passenger • Additive technologies to reduce friction and protect the engine are also
essential.

• Fuel economy and emission control must be achieved simultaneously.

HDDO • Balanced additive technologies are essential for fuel economy, after-
Heavy duty
treatment compatibility, and wear protection.

• Higher power densities and stricter emission and fuel economy standards
MCO require lighter, low-P oils with a balanced additive technology.
Motorcycle • These ensure sustainable clutch performance, fuel economy, and hardware
durability, such as gear pitting protection.

189
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Contents
1. History of Automotive Lubricants
2. Lubricants components
3. Future technology
4. EV topics
5. Wrap up

190
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What’s e-Axle?
Integrated EV Powertrain with Motor, Inverter and Reduction Gears

Power Train
CPU
of BEV
e-Axle
Reduction Gear
Battery Inverter Motor
Differential Gear
Wheel

Electric Current Flow Power Flow

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Fluid matrix to e-Axle components

＋ ＋
＝
Inverter Motor Reduction Gear

Water Cooling
e-Axle
Air Cooling (Housing) Axle Fluid
Lubrication
Coolant Friction Control
Indirect cooling using a heat exchanger Fluid selection
e-Axle Fluid depends on
Coolant Motor Cooling Lubrication e-Axle format.
Electric Insulation Friction Control

e-Axle Fluid ?
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Performances Required for e-Axle Fluid (Summary)

Requirement Background Counter Measures
Heat management (reduced motor
Lower Electric Lower viscosity, higher density, relative
efficiency by heat), reduce viscus
Consumption heat and thermal conductivity
resistance
Measure to Higher revolution than engine Lower viscosity, less aeration, anti- fatigue
Higher Speed (10,000 – 30,000 rpm) wear
Oil Film Excess torque is applied at start up Keep sufficient EHD film thickness.
Strength and low speed conditions. Film forming additive.
Gear noise becomes audible due to Proper lubricity between gear tooth.
Lower Noise
no noise by engine Damping effect by polymers.
Electrical Oil cooling of electric motor. Electrical insulation, volumetric resistivity,
Characteristics Need to avoid static electricity. lower sludge formation
Materials Variety of materials used in motor, Compatibility with iron, copper, plastics,
Compatibility gear, seals, etc. rubber, etc.
Highly refined base stock, optimum
Durability Fill for Life
additives formulation
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Base oil characteristics vs e-Axle Fluid requirement.

Mineral Oil Synthetic Fluids Additives
Component
POE EP Deter-
GP I GP II GP III PAO PAG VM
Performance Sat. Unsat. Agent gent
Cooling × △ △ △ ○ ○ ◎ － － －
Film Formation △ △ △ △ × × ○ － － ＋
Oxidation Stability △ ○ ◎ ◎ ◎ × ○ － ＋ －
Electric Properties ○ ○ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ × ＋ － －
Anti-corrosion × △ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ × ＋ －
Friction Characteristics △ △ △ △ ○ ○ △ ＋ ＋ ＋
Additives Solubility ○ △ × × ○ ○ ◎ － － ＋
Additives Response △ △ ○ ○ × × ◎ ＋ ＋ －
Supply Security ◎ ◎ ○ △ × △ △ ＋ ＋ ＋
Legend : ◎：Excellent ○：Good △：Fair ×：Poor [Analogy based on literatures, data base and experiences]
－：Less Impact ＋：Influential

194
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Contents
1. History of Automotive Lubricants
2. Lubricants components
3. Future technology
4. EV topics
5. Wrap up

195
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Wrap up
1. Lubricants and additives play a vital role in modern automotive
technology.
2. Environmental protection, through CO₂ reduction and emission
control, remains a key focus.
3. Lubricants formulated with advanced base oils and high-
performance additives enhance efficiency, reliability, and durability
across all vehicle types.
4. For EVs, e-Axle systems require specialized fluids that meet specific
electric vehicle requirements, providing an all-in-one lubrication
solution.
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Thank you for your attention.

197
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Thank You and Feedback

Please send your questions for discussion session Seminar questionnaires survey & feedback
We’ll answer to the questions in discussion session. Your feedback is valuable to us.

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| March 7, 2025 | JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025, Kuala Lumpur

 [Open]

Thank You and Feedback

Please send your questions for discussion session Seminar questionnaires survey & feedback
We’ll answer to the questions in discussion session. Your feedback is valuable to us.

https://forms.office.com/r/nd5rGfVYAR https://forms.office.com/r/f5bqZ0F7JW

| March 7, 2025 | JAMA Lube Oil Seminar 2025, Kuala Lumpur