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Chapter 3 Gauss Law

Gauss' Law provides a method for calculating electric fields, particularly for symmetric charge distributions, and relates the net electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. It emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate Gaussian surface to simplify calculations and leverage symmetry. The chapter includes examples illustrating the application of Gauss' Law in various charge configurations.

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18 views25 pages

Chapter 3 Gauss Law

Gauss' Law provides a method for calculating electric fields, particularly for symmetric charge distributions, and relates the net electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. It emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate Gaussian surface to simplify calculations and leverage symmetry. The chapter includes examples illustrating the application of Gauss' Law in various charge configurations.

Uploaded by

iremglzzzn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 3

GAUSS LAW
Gauss’ Law
• Gauss’ Law can be used as an alternative procedure
for calculating electric fields.
• Gauss’ Law is based on the inverse-square behavior
of the electric force between point charges.
• It is convenient for calculating the electric field of
highly symmetric charge distributions.
• Gauss’ Law is important in understanding and
verifying the properties of conductors in electrostatic
equilibrium.
Electric Flux
Electric Flux, Interpreting the
Equation
Electric Flux, General
Electric Flux, Closed Surface
Flux Through Closed Surface, cont. At
Flux Through Closed Surface, final
Flux Through a Cube, Example
Karl Friedrich Gauss
Gauss’s Law, Introduction

• Gauss’s law is an expression of the general


relationship between the net electric flux
through a closed surface and the charge
enclosed by the surface.
• The closed surface is often called a gaussian
surface. Gauss’s law is of fundamental
importance in the study of electric fields.
Gauss’s Law – General
Gauss’s Law – General, cont.
Gauss’s Law – General, notes
Gaussian Surface, Example
Gaussian Surface, Example 2
• The charge is outside
the closed surface with
an arbitrary shape.
• Any field line entering
the surface leaves at
another point.
• Verifies the electric flux
through a closed
surface that surrounds
no charge is zero.
Gauss’s Law – Final
Applying Gauss’s Law
• To use Gauss’s law, you want to choose a
gaussian surface over which the surface
integral can be simplified and the electric field
determined.
• Take advantage of symmetry.
• Remember, the gaussian surface is a surface
you choose, it does not have to coincide with
a real surface.
Conditions for a Gaussian Surface
Example 1
• Consider the Gaussian surface in the charge
distribution in the figure.
• What charges contribute to the electric field
formed at point P?
• Find the electric flux passing through the
Gaussian surface.
Example 2
• +2q, +q, -2q ve –q charges are placed at the
corners of the square as shown in the figure.
Choose a Gaussian ՜surface that contains the
charge +2q so that the electric flux passing
through the surface is
a) 0
b)+3q/εo

c)+3q/εo
Example 3
• Find the electric flux passing through the
closed surface (ε =8.85x 10-12 C2/Nm2).
o
Example 4
• Find the electric flux passing through the
sphere with a radius of 1.5 m and 3 µC
charges at its center.
Example 5
• A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm carries an
unknown amount of charge. At a point 15 cm
away from the center of the sphere, the
magnitude of the electric field is 3.0x103 N/C
and its direction is towards the center of the
sphere. What is the net amount of charge
carried by the sphere?

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