INORGANIC CHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (25%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

A. ATOMS, IONS AND MOLECULES
1. Describe matter and its structure in terms of atoms, molecules, and ions 6
2. Identify compounds and their corresponding chemical formula
B. APPLICATION OF MASS RELATIONSHIP IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. Describe quantitative chemical reactions and perform calculations
involving chemical principles such as molar mass, Avogadro’s number, 6
percent composition of compounds, chemical reactions and chemical
equations
C. QUANTUM THEORY AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
1. Explain and predict the behavior of atoms and molecules in terms of their
electronic structure and interactions (electromagnetic radiation concepts, 6
quantum mechanics, atomic orbitals/electron configuration, Aufbau, Pauli
exclusion principle, Hund’s rule)
D. PERIODIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG ELEMENTS
1. Predict the behavior of elements in terms of their classification in the
periodic table 10
2. Relate the chemical properties to nuclear charge, atomic size, ionization
energy, and electronic affinity
E. PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL BONDING
1. Recognizes the principles, theories, concepts of formation of chemical
bonds
2. Predict the geometries of various molecules in relation to chemical bonds
10
a. Ionic bonds, Lewis structures, octet rule, bond strength
b. Molecular Geometry
c. VSEPR model
d. Valence bond theory, basic MO theory
F. PRINCIPLES OF INORGANIC SOLIDS AND MATERIAL CHEMISTRY
1. Characterize inorganic solids and materials in terms of crystal structures 10
and the nature of bonding
G. REACTIVITIES OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. Apply key concepts in inorganic chemistry to explain and predict the 12
reactivities of inorganic compounds
H. MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
1. Recognize differences in the optical, physical and chemical properties of
the main group elements and their compounds 12
2. Analyze reactions of the main group elements in terms of electronic and
structural properties
I. TRANSITION METALS AND COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
1. Recognize the structure, geometry, and isomerism in coordination
compounds 12
2. Predict and explain the reactions and mechanisms involving transition
elements
J. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
1. Recognize and apply the concepts of nuclear stability, radioactivity, and
nuclear transmutations in solving problems 10
2. Discriminate between different types of radioactive emissions and
describe their interactions
K. APPLY PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY TO
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, 6
AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED MATERIAL
 TOTAL 100

BIOCHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (15%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

A. BIOMOLECULES AND CELLS
1. Identify types of cells
2. Describe cell structure, organization and supramolecular assemblies 10
3. Identify biochemical composition and function of cell organelles
4. Review properties of water, acid-base equilibria, buffers
B. PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
1. Identify amino acids in proteins; describe amino acid structure, properties
and classification
2. Describe levels of protein structure; identify the force/s that stabilize each
level and the nature/shape of the protein
3. Describe the peptide bond and the formation of peptides
4. Describe the biological functions of proteins
a. Identify specific proteins with their corresponding functions
b. Describe structure-function relationship by differentiating two
proteins; hemoglobin and myoglobin
14
5. Describe protein separation, purification and sequencing; and
denaturation of proteins
6. Enzymes and coenzymes
a. Describe naming and classification of enzymes
b. Classify chemical reactions based on reaction rate
c. Explain principles of enzyme-catalyzed reaction, kinetics and
describe enzyme inhibition through Michaelis-Menten and
Lineweaver-Burk plots
d. Identify the coenzymes used in metabolism, the reactions in
which they are involved and their precursors
C. CARBOHYDRATES
1. Describe the structure, function/s and general properties
2. Describe the classes
12
3. Describe analysis of carbohydrates
4. Identify the carbohydrate/s present in the biological systems and their
corresponding role/s
D. LIPIDS AND BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES
1. Describe the structure, function/s and general properties of lipids
2. Identify the classes of lipids a. Differentiate fats and oils from waxes b.
Identify the important lipids present in biological membranes 12
3. Describe the nature and roles of phospholipids and cholesterol
4. Describe the nature of biological membranes
5. Oxidations and reductions
E. NUCLEIC ACIDS
1. Describe the general properties and structures of purine and pyrimidine
bases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids
2. Describe the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA replication,
transcription, translation; and regulation of gene expression 12
3. Identify mutations; types of mutation, types of mutagens, DNA repair
systems, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis
4. Describe basic recombinant technology; basic cloning, cDNA, polymerase
chain reaction (PCR)
 BIOCHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (15%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

F. BIOENERGETICS – describe energy relationships and energy transformation in
the following:
1. Free energy, high energy compounds and coupled reactions
2. Biological oxidation-reduction reactions
3. Reduction potentials and the arrangement of electron carriers in the 10
Electron Transport Chain
4. Electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation
5. ATP synthesis
6. P/O ratio
G. METABOLISM – Identify reactions and important enzymes involved and their
regulation
1. 1. Carbohydrate metabolism
a. Glycolysis
b. Tricarboxylic acid cycle
c. Phosphate pentose pathway
d. Glycogenolysis
e. Glycogenesis
f. Gluconeogenesis
g. Photosynthesis
2. Lipid metabolism 30
a. Lipolysis (catabolism of triglycerides)
b. Beta oxidation of fatty acids
c. Formation of ketone bodies
d. Biosynthesis of fatty acids
e. Biosynthesis of triglycerides
f. Biosynthesis of cholesterol
3. Nitrogen metabolism
a. Nitrogen fixation
b. Metabolism of amino acids
c. Urea cycle
TOTAL 100
 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (20%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

A. IDEAL AND REAL GASES
1. Apply the general gas equation, PV = nRT in calculations
2. Apply Dalton’s law to determine properties and composition of mixture
10
gases
3. Explain the behavior of real gases, and state and apply the equations of
state for real gases
B. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
1. Describe the behavior of and calculate work, internal energy, enthalpy
and heat capacity during state changes occurring at different conditions
(isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic, reversible and irreversible
15
changes)
2. Discuss the principle of thermochemistry and apply the first law to
chemical changes
3. Explain the thermodynamic significance of the Joule-Thomson experiment
C. SECOND AND THIRD LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS
1. State the second and third laws of thermodynamics and discuss the
significance of these laws
2. Describe the behavior of entropy, internal energy, Gibbs free energy and
Helmholtz free energy during state changes, phase changes and
15
chemical reactions occurring at different conditions
3. Apply the laws of thermodynamics in calculating the various state
functions (ΔS, ΔG, ΔA) in state changes, phase changes and chemical
reactions under different conditions
4. State and apply the various criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity
D. PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
1. State and apply the mathematical expressions for phase equilibrium
involving pure substances
2. Discuss and apply the thermodynamics to phase equilibria occurring in
10
solutions
3. Discuss and apply the phase rule to two- and three-component systems
4. Construct, analyze and interpret phase diagrams for two- and
threecomponent systems
E. EQUILIBRIUM ELECTROCHEMISTRY
1. Discuss and construct diagram of the structure of electrochemical cells
2. Decide through calculations whether a cell will generate electric current
spontaneously
10
3. Describe and apply through calculations on concentrations cells with and
without transference
4. Apply electrochemical principles for the measurement of pH, equilibrium
constants and potentiometric titrations
F. KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYES 10
1. Discuss the postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases and apply
them to explain the properties of gases
2. Apply the equations based on the kinetic theory of gases to calculate
molecular speeds, collision frequency and mean free path
3. Describe and calculate the different quantities used to describe the
property of gas to conduct electricity
 4. Discuss the different methods for the determination of the mobility and
transport number of ions in a solution 5. Apply conductivity data for the
calculation of degree of ionization and molar solubility

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (20%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

G. CHEMICAL KINETICS
1. State and apply the rate law/equation for simple chemical reactions of
different orders
2. Calculate the half life for reactions of different orders
3. Discuss and apply the different methods for determining the order of a
reaction 10
4. Apply the Arrhenius equation to calculate the activation energy and the
reaction rate at different temperatures
5. Write the rate law for complex reactions
6. Apply the steady-state approximation to obtain the rate equations of
complex reactions
H. SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND COLLOIDS
1. Explain surface phenomena in terms of equilibrium and dynamic
processes
2. Discuss surface tension and the effect of concentration on surface tension 10
3. State and apply the equations of describing absorption
4. Discuss the properties of solutions of macromolecules
5. Describe the properties of the different types of colloids
I. QUANTUM CHEMISTRY
1. Discuss and apply the equations describing the three phenomena that led
to the birth of quantum mechanics
2. Discuss the postulates of quantum mechanics and relate them to the
Schrödinger equation
3. Apply the formalism of quantum mechanics to simple systems and 10
compare the results with the behavior predicted by classical mechanics
4. Construct spectroscopic state for elements
5. Construct the wave equation for polyelectronic atoms
6. Describe the quantum mechanical model for diatomic molecules in terms
of the Schrödinger equation; wave functions and energy level diagrams
TOTAL 100
 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (15%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

A. STRUCTURE AND BONDING
1. Apply the concepts of organic structural theory to predict physical and
10
chemical properties of organic compounds
2. Predict chemical reactivity of organic compounds
B. STEREOCHEMISTRY
1. Recognize stereochemical differences in the three-dimensional structure
of organic molecules 5
2. Relate stereochemical differences to optical, physical and chemical
properties
C. IDENTIFY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONAL GROUP
1. Alkane, alkenes, alkynes
2. Alkyl halides
3. Alcohols, ethers and epoxides
25
4. Aldehydes and ketones
5. Carboxylic acids
6. Aromatic compounds
7. Amines
D. DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
1. Addition reactions
2. Elimination reactions
25
3. Substitution reactions
4. Rearrangement reactions
5. Oxidations and reductions
E. REACTION MECHANISMS
1. Write out the detailed reaction mechanisms of common organic reactions
15
2. Analyze organic reactions using structural, mechanistic, thermodynamic
and kinetic considerations
F. SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. Map out strategies for the synthesis of organic compounds from simpler 10
starting materials
G. ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. Apply chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques for the analysis of 10
simple organic compounds
TOTAL 100
 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (25%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

A. CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS
1. Select and use appropriate instruments and laboratory apparatus to
perform measurements of physical and chemical properties of substances
2. Relate the properties of chemicals to their safe handling and disposal and
10
interpret safety data information
3. Distinguish units of measurements and determine how these relate to
each other
4. Recognize the concepts of stoichiometry, moles, concentrations, dilution,
aliquot, and apply these to solving problems in quantitative analysis
B. CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, APPLICATION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN
ANALYTICAL PROCESSES AND RESULTS
1. Identify appropriate sampling protocols and sample preparation
procedures, and wet chemistry methods
2. Discriminate sources and estimate errors and uncertainties in chemical
analysis
3. Apply statistics in evaluating quality of analytical data
15
4. Report analytical results with the correct significance figures and
measurement uncertainty
5. Interpret and apply the performance characteristics (or figure of merits) of
analytical methods
6. Apply linear regression in constructing calibration curves
7. Recognize standard organization and their requirements for accreditation
of testing laboratories
C. CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES, APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA
1. Relate charge and mass balance to the concentrations of chemical
species in equilibrium
2. Apply the concepts of equilibrium constants, ionic equilibria, activity, and
activity coefficients in solving problems in quantitative analyses in the
15
following systems
a. Acid-base equilibria
b. Solubility equilibria
c. Complex ion equilibria
d. Redox equilibria
e. Buffers
D. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS
1. Recognize the general principles of preliminary separation methods such
as solvent extraction, ion-exchange, complex formation, precipitation, 10
electrodeposition, and solid phase extraction
2. Solve problems applying concepts of separation methods
E. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS 10
1. Recognize the principles involved in acid-base titrations, precipitation
 titrations, complexometric and redox titrations
2. Solve problems applying concepts of volumetric analyses
3. Integrate multi-method analysis in solving real-world problems
F. PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION OF GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
1. Apply the concepts of solubility products and factors affecting solubility to 5
gravimetric analysis

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (25%)

TOPICS AND OUTCOMES NO. OF ITEMS STATUS

G. CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES AND OF INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF
ANALYSES
1. Identify a variety of instrumental techniques for chemical analysis and
recognize the basic components (including basic electronics) and
characteristics of each method.
a. Atomic spectroscopy (AAS, AES, XRF, ICP-MS) 10
b. Molecular spectroscopy (UV-Vis, IR, MS, NMR, Raman)
c. Electrochemical methods (Voltammetry, Potentiometry,
Coulometry)
d. Chromatographic methods (GC, LC, SFC, Electrophoresis)
e. Radioanalytical Methods
H. APPLICATIONS OF INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN CHEMCIAL
ANALYSIS
1. Develop critical thinking skills in the use of the instrumental techniques 25
(as given in Section G), to solve real world chemical problems
2. Develop an appropriate method for a specific problem
TOTAL 100