Artificial
Intelligence in
Medicine
DR: AZZA HAMDY
DEMONSTRATOR AT
PUBLIC HEALTH & COMMUNITY ME
DICINE DEPARTMENT DAMIETTA
FACULTY OF MEDICINE AL-AZHAR
UNIVERSITY
Introduction to AI in
Medicine
• Definition of AI: Artificial
Intelligence refers to machine
learning, deep learning, and other
computational techniques that
enable systems to learn, reason, and
make decisions.
• Relevance in Medicine: AI
technologies are being used to
analyze complex medical data, assist
in diagnostics, personalize
treatment, and improve patient
care.
AI Technologies in Medicine
Machine Learning (ML): Algorithms that learn from data to make predictions (e.g.,
supervised learning, unsupervised learning).
Deep Learning (DL): A subset of ML that uses neural networks with many layers for
more complex data analysis (e.g., image recognition, natural language processing).
Natural Language Processing (NLP): AI for understanding and processing human
language (e.g., clinical text, medical records).
Reinforcement Learning: AI systems that learn by interacting with an environment
and receiving feedback (e.g., personalized treatment plans).
Key Areas of AI Application in Medicine
• Diagnostics and Disease Detection.
• Medical Imaging and Image Analysis.
• Personalized Medicine and Treatment.
• Drug Discovery and Development.
• Robotic Surgery and Automation.
• Clinical Decision Support Systems.
• Predictive Analytics and Population Health.
• Disease Screening: AI models for
early detection of diseases such
as cancer, diabetes, and
AI in Diagnostics cardiovascular disease.
• Predictive Models: Identifying at-
and Disease risk patients based on historical
Detection data.
Example: AI for detecting
diabetic retinopathy in retinal
images.
AI in Medical Imaging
and Image Analysis
• Radiology: AI algorithms for
analyzing X-rays, CT scans, MRIs,
and ultrasounds to detect
abnormalities.
• Dermatology: AI systems that
analyze skin lesions and images to
detect melanoma.
• Pathology: AI tools for analyzing
pathology slides and detecting
cancerous cells
AI in Personalized
Medicine
• Tailored Treatments: AI can help design
personalized treatment plans based on
genetic, environmental, and lifestyle
factors.
• Pharmacogenomics: AI helps predict
how individuals will respond to
different medications.
• Example: AI in cancer treatment
planning, where it analyzes genetic data
to recommend the most effective
therapies.
AI in Drug Discovery
and Development
• Drug Target Identification: Using AI to
discover new drug targets by analyzing
vast biological datasets.
• Drug Repurposing: Identifying existing
drugs that could be used for new
indications using AI algorithms.
• Clinical Trials: AI can optimize clinical
trial design, patient recruitment, and
monitoring.
• Example: AI-based platform for
screening compounds against viral
targets (e.g., COVID-19).
AI in Robotic Surgery
and Automation
• Surgical Robots: AI-driven robots
assist surgeons with precise
movements and real-time data
integration.
• Automation: AI systems automate
routine tasks, such as scheduling
and inventory management.
• Example: Da Vinci Surgical System,
which uses AI for minimally
invasive surgeries.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
CDSS: AI-based systems that assist healthcare providers in making
clinical decisions.
Decision Algorithms: AI can suggest diagnostic or therapeutic
options based on patient data.
Example: IBM Watson Health, which analyzes medical literature and
patient data to recommend treatments.
predictive Analytics
and Population Health
• Predicting Disease Outbreaks: AI
models analyze trends to predict and
prevent disease outbreaks.
• Population Health Management: AI
algorithms can segment populations
and predict high-risk individuals for
conditions like heart disease or
diabetes.
• Example: AI systems predicting hospital
readmissions or disease progression.
• clinical Text Analysis: Extracting useful
insights from electronic health records
(EHRs), physician notes, and medical
literature.
AI in Natural • Speech-to-Text: Converting physician-
Language patient interactions into structured
data.
Processing (NLP) Example: AI systems that extract
critical clinical information from
unstructured text in medical records.
AI for Remote
Monitoring and
Wearables
• Wearables: Devices that monitor
vital signs in real-time and send
data to AI systems for analysis.
• Telemedicine: AI-assisted
telehealth platforms for virtual
consultations and patient
management.
• Example: AI-powered wearable
devices for monitoring heart
rate, glucose levels, and sleep
patterns.
• Bias in AI: AI models may reflect biases in
training data, leading to unequal healthcare
outcomes.
• Data Privacy: Concerns over patient data
Ethical security and privacy in AI applications.
Considerations in • Transparency: AI models should be
explainable and transparent, especially in
AI in Medicine critical healthcare decisions.
• Regulation: The need for proper regulation to
ensure AI systems meet healthcare standards.
• Data Quality and Availability: AI models
need high-quality, diverse, and
representative datasets to function
effectively.
Challenges in • Integration into Clinical Workflow: Ensuring
AI tools integrate seamlessly into existing
Implementing AI healthcare practices.
in Medicine • Cost and Accessibility: High costs of
developing and implementing AI
technologies in healthcare settings.
• Clinician Trust: Ensuring that clinicians trust
and understand AI-driven recommendations.
The Future of AI in
Medicine
• Integration of AI and Robotics: AI-
powered robots will play a greater role
in surgery and rehabilitation.
• AI-Driven Drug Discovery: Accelerating
drug development through AI
simulations and molecular modeling.
• Precision Healthcare: AI’s role in
enhancing precision medicine and
offering individualized care.
• AI for Global Health: Addressing
healthcare disparities with AI solutions
in low-resource settings.
THANK YOU
