(Ebook) Ecology and Design by Bart Johnson, Kristina Hill, Robert Melnick ISBN 9781417595761, 9781559638135, 1417595760, 1559638133 Online Version
(Ebook) Ecology and Design by Bart Johnson, Kristina Hill, Robert Melnick ISBN 9781417595761, 9781559638135, 1417595760, 1559638133 Online Version
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About Island Press
Island Press is the only nonprofit organization in the United States whose principal
purpose is the publication of books on environmental issues and natural resource
management. We provide solutions-oriented information to professionals, public
officials, business and community leaders, and concerned citizens who are shaping
responses to environmental problems.
In 2001, Island Press celebrates its seventeenth anniversary as the leading
provider of timely and practical books that take a multidisciplinary approach to crit-
ical environmental concerns. Our growing list of titles reflects our commitment to
bringing the best of an expanding body of literature to the environmental community
throughout North America and the world.
Support for Island Press is provided by The Bullitt Foundation, The Mary Fla-
gler Cary Charitable Trust, The Nathan Cummings Foundation, Geraldine R.
Dodge Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, The Charles Engelhard
Foundation, The Ford Foundation, The George Gund Foundation, The Vira I.
Heinz Endowment, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, W. Alton Jones
Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation, The Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, The Curtis and Edith
Munson Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The New-Land Foun-
dation, Oak Foundation, The Overbrook Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard
Foundation, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, The Winslow
Foundation, and other generous donors.
EDITED BY
ISBN 1-55963-813-3
This book is the first volume of The Shire Papers, developed from The Shire Con-
ference of 1998, in cooperation between Island Press and the University of Oregon.
We dedicate this book to She-Who-Watches.
May her example help us learn patience and
wisdom in how we treat the land.
Tsagaglalal, “She-Who-Watches,”
is a petroglyph design that “is only found on the
lower Columbia river area and has been securely dated to the
Historic period between A.D. 1700 and A.D. 1840. Legend
tells how Coyote placed Tsagaglalal on the rock to watch over
her people” (Rock Art Research Education 1989).
Contents
xiii
xiv foreword
enables a new generation of designers to deal creatively with the many inter-
ests indifferent to or threatened by the ideas of ecosystem health, biotic
integrity, and cultural health. But here, too, are new and creative possibilities
for rethinking the economic and political factors that affect landscapes.
It is unlikely, however, that the educational changes implied by landscape
realism can flourish without wider changes in the priorities of educational
institutions. In other words, there will be no revolution of the sort imagined
in these pages without a larger idea of education and the obligations that
attend professional training. For the transformation proposed here to take
root and flourish, the academy itself must be transformed into a more effec-
tive agent of ecological and cultural health, and no amount of “tweaking
around the margins” here will do either. But this is not the direction in which
education is heading. Instead, the academy is being reshaped to fit corporate
interests that have little understanding of land beyond its cash value. Not sur-
prisingly, a majority of students faithfully emulating the larger society now
have more interest in making money than in developing a moral worldview.
Educators must come to grips with the fact that they have been complicit in
the larger problems of land and land management. A good place to begin the
institutional transformation is to harness the talents and energies of faculty
and students to redesign their own campuses so that one day they are cli-
matically neutral, discharge no waste, enhance biological diversity, and sup-
port the emergence of locally sustainable economies. This means converting
the university from just a place where education happens to one that educates
ecologically. The campus, in its entirety, is a means to a larger end of improv-
ing how we think about land. No student ought to leave twelve or sixteen
years of education oblivious and unfeeling toward the land community. Can
design educators take a lead in such collaborative efforts to make their pro-
posals come alive in the settings in which they work?
Second, we will need a larger idea of the land and our place in it—some-
thing like the “science of land” that Aldo Leopold once proposed—an idea
big enough to embrace farmland, wilderness, urban areas, and that every-
where and nowhere zone called suburbia. That larger vision of land must
include the entire biotic community, it must protect evolutionary processes,
and it must work for people as the foundation for a fair and durable prosper-
ity. We need as well a larger idea of design in which human intentions are
informed by ecological realism and disciplined by a competent affection for
particular places. How will these ideas be manifested in practice? The best
example I can offer is that given by Jaquetta Hawkes, who once described the
evolution of human life on the land in preindustrial Britain as a “creative,
patient and increasingly skillful love-making” (1951, p. 202).
Third, ideas alone will find no fertile ground unless accompanied by a rev-
olution in public attitudes, but few people are paying attention to fundamen-
foreword xv
DAVID W. ORR
Chair, Environmental Studies Program, Oberlin College
Citations
Berry, T. 1999. The great work. Bell Tower, New York, New York, USA.
Freyfogle, E. 1998. Bounded people, boundless lands. Island Press, Washington,
D.C., USA.
Hawkes, J. 1951. A land. Random House, New York, New York, USA.
Preface
Along the grand Columbia River, which joins together Washington and Ore-
gon, there is a place of remarkable beauty within the majestic landscape of the
Columbia Gorge and the Columbia River Basin. This place—The Shire—75
acres of designed and wild landscape, was a gift in 1995 to the School of
Architecture and Allied Arts, University of Oregon, by the trustees of the
estate of John Yeon. John Yeon (1910–1994) was an architect, designer, envi-
ronmentalist, visionary, and fierce advocate for beauty in our everyday world.
Throughout his life, he held fast to his beliefs of what was right for architec-
ture, the decorative arts, and protection of our landscape heritage. These
ideals lead him to save, protect, and enhance The Shire, through enlightened
stewardship and elegant design.
As a member of a long-standing Oregon family, Yeon understood well
both the natural and cultural values of the Gorge and its importance to both
Washington and Oregon and to the people who live there. He understood
that this powerful, often unforgiving, landscape was of national importance.
He knew that the Columbia Gorge was a landscape to be savored, revered,
treasured—and vigilantly protected and guarded.
The breadth of John Yeon’s vision cut across disciplines. His love for the
land, and for design attuned to the spirit of places, has left a legacy that
reaches from the protection of the Columbia Gorge and the establishment of
Olympic National Park to the development of a regional architecture. Yeon
himself designed a number of critically acclaimed and style-setting houses in
Portland and elsewhere in the West. The Watzek House (1937), his best-
known design, was recognized in an exhibit of important architecture by the
Museum of Modern Art in 1939, and again in 1944 as part of the Built in the
USA, 1932–1944 publication. The Watzek House, too, was gifted to the Uni-
versity of Oregon by Richard L. Brown, one of the trustees of the Yeon Trust.
John Yeon purchased The Shire in 1965. His intent was to conserve the
land and to create a personal landscape preserve. From then until his death
in 1994, Yeon created a landscape of both designed and natural features. In
xvii
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