Caryl Joy G.
Laurente 3B Criminology
LEA 4 Final Activity
Module 16
Activity 3.2. Give the concept/idea in every theory related to Crime Mapping. (10 pts.
Each)
Routine Activities Theory- To comprehend crime trends, crime mapping and routine
activities theory are combined. According to the theory, crime requires three things: a
suitable target, a motivated criminal, and the lack of capable guardians. By locating the
points where these components come together, crime mapping enables the
implementation of focused crime prevention techniques such as predictive policing,
environmental design, hotspot policing, and community engagement.
Rational Choice Theory- suggests criminals weigh the potential benefits and costs of
crime. Crime mapping identifies areas with increased opportunity (more targets) and
reduced risk (less guardianship), making crime more appealing. This informs crime
prevention strategies like targeted policing and environmental design.
Crime Pattern Theory- implies that rather than being dispersed at random, crime follows
predictable patterns that are based on the routines of offenders and their familiarity with
particular areas. Crimes are more likely to be committed by offenders in familiar
locations, like their neighborhoods or regular haunts. In this context, crime mapping aids
in exposing these spatial patterns by demonstrating how crimes tend to concentrate in
particular areas according to the geographic knowledge and routine behaviors of
offenders. Law enforcement can better understand crime hotspots and put targeted
preventative measures in places where criminal activity is more likely by recognizing
these patterns.
Module 22
Give the contribution of GIS to the following: 5 pts each.
Crime Identification- By enabling law enforcement organizations to map and display the
geographic distribution of criminal episodes, GIS plays a critical role in crime
identification. Authorities can find concentrations or clusters of criminal activity in
particular areas by using geographic information system (GIS) to help uncover trends
and patterns in crime occurrences. Law enforcement can more easily concentrate their
resources on high-risk areas by using GIS to identify crime hotspots by examining these
patterns over time. In this sense, GIS helps to detect not only the locations of crimes but
also other contributing elements, like the environment or the proximity to specific
facilities.
Crime Awareness- GIS enhances crime awareness by mapping crime incidents to
identify hotspots and trends, enabling targeted resource allocation and predictive
policing. It facilitates collaboration and informs the public, empowering communities to
take preventive measures.
Crime Investigation- GIS aids crime investigation by mapping crime scenes, analyzing
suspect movements, linking evidence spatially, identifying crime patterns, and
visualizing witness accounts. This improves investigative efficiency and resource
allocation.
Crime Pattern Analysis- By visualizing crime data and exposing spatial patterns and
trends, GIS greatly enhances crime pattern analysis. A deeper comprehension of the
context of crime is made possible by integrating this data with other data, which
facilitates predictive modeling and better communication for more successful crime
prevention and response.
Crime Prediction- By forecasting the locations of future crimes based on spatial analysis
techniques and previous crime data, GIS helps predict crime. GIS-powered predictive
police models examine historical patterns and trends to find connections between crime
and a range of variables, including location, time of day, and environmental conditions.
Law enforcement organizations may better allocate resources and put preventive
measures in high-risk locations into place before crimes occur thanks to these findings.
GIS helps optimize patrol routes, surveillance activities, and other crime prevention
methods by predicting crime hot spots, which eventually improves public safety and the
effectiveness of law enforcement.
