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COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN
ARCHITECTING COMPLEX ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ARCHITECTING COMPLEX ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
VOLUME 1 9 VOLUME 1 9
VOLUME 1 9 VOLUME 1 9
EDITOR EDITOR
C.H. Dagli, Editor, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA C.H. Dagli, Editor, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 1, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 1,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Soundar R.T. Kumara, and Yung C. Shin, 1991 edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Soundar R.T. Kumara, and Yung C. Shin, 1991
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 2, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 2,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, and Yung C. Shin, 1992 edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, and Yung C. Shin, 1992
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 3, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 3,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, Benito Fernandez, and Joydeep Ghosh, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, Benito Fernandez, and Joydeep Ghosh,
1993 1993
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 4, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 4,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Benito Fernandez, Joydeep Ghosh, and R.T. Soundar edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Benito Fernandez, Joydeep Ghosh, and R.T. Soundar
Kumara, 1994 Kumara, 1994
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 5, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 5,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and
Joydeep Ghosh, 1995 Joydeep Ghosh, 1995
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 6, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 6,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and
Joydeep Ghosh, 1996 Joydeep Ghosh, 1996
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Data Mining and Evolutionary Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Data Mining and Evolutionary
Programming, Volume 7, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, Okan Ersoy, Benito Programming, Volume 7, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, Okan Ersoy, Benito
Fernandez, and Alice Smith, 1997 Fernandez, and Alice Smith, 1997
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Programming, Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Programming,
Data Mining and Rough Sets, Volume 8, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, Data Mining and Rough Sets, Volume 8, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay,
Anna L. Buczak, Okan Ersoy, and Benito Fernandez, 1998 Anna L. Buczak, Okan Ersoy, and Benito Fernandez, 1998
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 9, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 9, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 1999 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 1999
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 10, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 10, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and
Stephen Kercel, 2000 Stephen Kercel, 2000
EDITOR EDITOR
C.H. Dagli, Editor, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA C.H. Dagli, Editor, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 1, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 1,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Soundar R.T. Kumara, and Yung C. Shin, 1991 edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Soundar R.T. Kumara, and Yung C. Shin, 1991
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 2, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 2,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, and Yung C. Shin, 1992 edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, and Yung C. Shin, 1992
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 3, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 3,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, Benito Fernandez, and Joydeep Ghosh, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Laura I. Burke, Benito Fernandez, and Joydeep Ghosh,
1993 1993
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 4, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 4,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Benito Fernandez, Joydeep Ghosh, and R.T. Soundar edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Benito Fernandez, Joydeep Ghosh, and R.T. Soundar
Kumara, 1994 Kumara, 1994
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 5, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 5,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and
Joydeep Ghosh, 1995 Joydeep Ghosh, 1995
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 6, Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, Volume 6,
edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, C.L. Phillip Chen, Benito Fernandez, and
Joydeep Ghosh, 1996 Joydeep Ghosh, 1996
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Data Mining and Evolutionary Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Data Mining and Evolutionary
Programming, Volume 7, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, Okan Ersoy, Benito Programming, Volume 7, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, Okan Ersoy, Benito
Fernandez, and Alice Smith, 1997 Fernandez, and Alice Smith, 1997
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Programming, Engineering Systems: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Programming,
Data Mining and Rough Sets, Volume 8, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay, Data Mining and Rough Sets, Volume 8, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Metin Akay,
Anna L. Buczak, Okan Ersoy, and Benito Fernandez, 1998 Anna L. Buczak, Okan Ersoy, and Benito Fernandez, 1998
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 9, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 9, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 1999 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 1999
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 10, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 10, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and
Stephen Kercel, 2000 Stephen Kercel, 2000
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 12, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 12, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and
Stephen Kercel, 2002 Stephen Kercel, 2002
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Complex Systems, and Artificial Life, Volume 13, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Complex Systems, and Artificial Life, Volume 13, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2003 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2003
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 14, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 14, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 2004 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 2004
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Evolutionary Programming, Data Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Evolutionary Programming, Data
Mining, and Artificial Life, Volume 15, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Mining, and Artificial Life, Volume 15, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak,
David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2005 David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2005
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems
Engineering: Infra-Structure Systems Engineering, Bio-Informatics and Engineering: Infra-Structure Systems Engineering, Bio-Informatics and
Computational Biology, Evolutionary Computation, Volume 16, edited by Cihan H. Computational Biology, Evolutionary Computation, Volume 16, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2006 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2006
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems
Engineering: Computational Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Engineering: Computational Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering
Systems, Volume 17, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Systems, Volume 17, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke,
Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2007 Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2007
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational
Intelligence in Architecting Engineering Systems, Volume 18, edited by Cihan H. Intelligence in Architecting Engineering Systems, Volume 18, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, David L. Enke, K. Mark Bryden, Halil Ceylan, and Mitsuo Gen, 2008 Dagli, David L. Enke, K. Mark Bryden, Halil Ceylan, and Mitsuo Gen, 2008
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational
Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems, Volume 19, edited by Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems, Volume 19, edited by
Cihan H. Dagli, K. Mark Bryden, Steven M. Corns, Mitsuo Gen, Kagan Tumer, and Cihan H. Dagli, K. Mark Bryden, Steven M. Corns, Mitsuo Gen, Kagan Tumer, and
Gürsel Süer, 2009 Gürsel Süer, 2009
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 11, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Data Mining and Complex Systems, Volume 11, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and
Stephen Kercel, 2001 Stephen Kercel, 2001
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 12, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 12, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, Okan Ersoy and
Stephen Kercel, 2002 Stephen Kercel, 2002
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Complex Systems, and Artificial Life, Volume 13, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Complex Systems, and Artificial Life, Volume 13, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2003 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Joydeep Ghosh, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2003
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary
Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 14, edited by Cihan H. Programming, Complex Systems and Artificial Life, Volume 14, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 2004 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts and Okan Ersoy, 2004
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart
Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Evolutionary Programming, Data Engineering System Design: Neural Networks, Evolutionary Programming, Data
Mining, and Artificial Life, Volume 15, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, Mining, and Artificial Life, Volume 15, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak,
David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2005 David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2005
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems
Engineering: Infra-Structure Systems Engineering, Bio-Informatics and Engineering: Infra-Structure Systems Engineering, Bio-Informatics and
Computational Biology, Evolutionary Computation, Volume 16, edited by Cihan H. Computational Biology, Evolutionary Computation, Volume 16, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2006 Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2006
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Smart Systems
Engineering: Computational Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Engineering: Computational Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering
Systems, Volume 17, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke, Systems, Volume 17, edited by Cihan H. Dagli, Anna L. Buczak, David L. Enke,
Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2007 Mark Embrechts, and Okan Ersoy, 2007
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational
Intelligence in Architecting Engineering Systems, Volume 18, edited by Cihan H. Intelligence in Architecting Engineering Systems, Volume 18, edited by Cihan H.
Dagli, David L. Enke, K. Mark Bryden, Halil Ceylan, and Mitsuo Gen, 2008 Dagli, David L. Enke, K. Mark Bryden, Halil Ceylan, and Mitsuo Gen, 2008
Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational Intelligent Engineering Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks: Computational
Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems, Volume 19, edited by Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems, Volume 19, edited by
Cihan H. Dagli, K. Mark Bryden, Steven M. Corns, Mitsuo Gen, Kagan Tumer, and Cihan H. Dagli, K. Mark Bryden, Steven M. Corns, Mitsuo Gen, Kagan Tumer, and
Gürsel Süer, 2009 Gürsel Süer, 2009
VOLUME 1 9 VOLUME 1 9
Pr oceed in gs of t h e Ar t ificia l Neu r a l Networ k s in E n gin eer in g Con fer en ce Pr oceed in gs of t h e Ar t ificia l Neu r a l Networ k s in E n gin eer in g Con fer en ce
(ANNIE 2 0 0 9 ) h eld Novem b er 2 -4 , 2 0 0 9 , in St. Lou is , Mis s ou r i, U.S.A. (ANNIE 2 0 0 9 ) h eld Novem b er 2 -4 , 2 0 0 9 , in St. Lou is , Mis s ou r i, U.S.A.
E DITORS E DITORS
Cih a n H. Da gli Cih a n H. Da gli
Mis s ou r i Un iver s ity of Scien ce & Tech n ology, Mis s ou r i Mis s ou r i Un iver s ity of Scien ce & Tech n ology, Mis s ou r i
Rolla , Mis s ou r i Rolla , Mis s ou r i
K. Ma r k Br yd en K. Ma r k Br yd en
Iowa S ta te Un iver s it y, Iowa Iowa S ta te Un iver s it y, Iowa
Am es , Iowa Am es , Iowa
Ka ga n Tu m er Ka ga n Tu m er
Or egon St a te Un iver s ity Or egon St a te Un iver s ity
Cor va llis , Or egon Cor va llis , Or egon
Gü r s el Sü er Gü r s el Sü er
Oh io Un iver s ity Oh io Un iver s ity
Ath en s , Oh io Ath en s , Oh io
VOLUME 1 9 VOLUME 1 9
Pr oceed in gs of t h e Ar t ificia l Neu r a l Networ k s in E n gin eer in g Con fer en ce Pr oceed in gs of t h e Ar t ificia l Neu r a l Networ k s in E n gin eer in g Con fer en ce
(ANNIE 2 0 0 9 ) h eld Novem b er 2 -4 , 2 0 0 9 , in St. Lou is , Mis s ou r i, U.S.A. (ANNIE 2 0 0 9 ) h eld Novem b er 2 -4 , 2 0 0 9 , in St. Lou is , Mis s ou r i, U.S.A.
E DITORS E DITORS
Cih a n H. Da gli Cih a n H. Da gli
Mis s ou r i Un iver s ity of Scien ce & Tech n ology, Mis s ou r i Mis s ou r i Un iver s ity of Scien ce & Tech n ology, Mis s ou r i
Rolla , Mis s ou r i Rolla , Mis s ou r i
K. Ma r k Br yd en K. Ma r k Br yd en
Iowa S ta te Un iver s it y, Iowa Iowa S ta te Un iver s it y, Iowa
Am es , Iowa Am es , Iowa
Ka ga n Tu m er Ka ga n Tu m er
Or egon St a te Un iver s ity Or egon St a te Un iver s ity
Cor va llis , Or egon Cor va llis , Or egon
Gü r s el Sü er Gü r s el Sü er
Oh io Un iver s ity Oh io Un iver s ity
Ath en s , Oh io Ath en s , Oh io
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INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS WORK HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS WORK HAS BEEN OBTAINED BY
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FROM THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS FROM
SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. HOWEVER, NEITHER ASME SOURCES BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. HOWEVER, NEITHER ASME
NOR ITS AUTHORS OR EDITORS GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR NOR ITS AUTHORS OR EDITORS GUARANTEE THE ACCURACY OR
COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION PUBLISHED IN THIS WORK. COMPLETENESS OF ANY INFORMATION PUBLISHED IN THIS WORK.
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ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION. THE WORK IS ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS INFORMATION. THE WORK IS
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PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARE REQUIRED, THE ASSISTANCE OF AN PROFESSIONAL SERVICES ARE REQUIRED, THE ASSISTANCE OF AN
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Contents Contents
Preface Preface
Part I: Architecting Complex Engineering Systems 1 Part I: Architecting Complex Engineering Systems 1
A Neural Network Approach to Modeling System Integration Sensitivity 3 A Neural Network Approach to Modeling System Integration Sensitivity 3
For Architectural Assessment For Architectural Assessment
Jason P. Dauby, Cihan H. Dagli Jason P. Dauby, Cihan H. Dagli
Coupled Non-Homogeneous Chaos Synchronization 11 Coupled Non-Homogeneous Chaos Synchronization 11
Davoud Arasteh Davoud Arasteh
The Algorithm of Temporal Locality for Nonlinear Analysis of Chaotic 19 The Algorithm of Temporal Locality for Nonlinear Analysis of Chaotic 19
Signals Mapped Through Multidimensional Phase Space Signals Mapped Through Multidimensional Phase Space
Victor F. Dailyudenko Victor F. Dailyudenko
Induction of Virtual Sensors with Function Stacks 27 Induction of Virtual Sensors with Function Stacks 27
Daniel Ashlock, Adam Shuttleworth, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Adam Shuttleworth, Kenneth M. Bryden
Real-Time Prediction Using Kernel Methods and Data Assimilation 35 Real-Time Prediction Using Kernel Methods and Data Assimilation 35
Robin C. Gilbert, Theodore B. Trafalis Robin C. Gilbert, Theodore B. Trafalis
Michael B. Richman, S. Lakshmivarahan Michael B. Richman, S. Lakshmivarahan
Weak Key Analysis of Cellular Automata-Based Random Number 43 Weak Key Analysis of Cellular Automata-Based Random Number 43
Generation and Secret Key Cryptography Generation and Secret Key Cryptography
Frederic Pinel, Pascal Bouvry, Franciszek Seredynski Frederic Pinel, Pascal Bouvry, Franciszek Seredynski
Parasom: An Efficient Self-Organizing Map for Parallel Multidimensional 51 Parasom: An Efficient Self-Organizing Map for Parallel Multidimensional 51
Input Processing and Clustering Input Processing and Clustering
Iren Valova, Daniel MacLean, Derek Beaton Iren Valova, Daniel MacLean, Derek Beaton
Threat Anticipation and Deceptive Reasoning Using Bayesian Belief Networks 59 Threat Anticipation and Deceptive Reasoning Using Bayesian Belief Networks 59
Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama, Joe E. Lake Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama, Joe E. Lake
Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Aviation Security Cargo 67 Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Aviation Security Cargo 67
Inspection Queuing System Inspection Queuing System
Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama
Terri A. Rose, Daryl Brumback Terri A. Rose, Daryl Brumback
Self-Organized Kernel Fuzzy Clustering Method and Its Evaluation 75 Self-Organized Kernel Fuzzy Clustering Method and Its Evaluation 75
For the Number of Clusters Based on Alignment of Similarities For the Number of Clusters Based on Alignment of Similarities
Mika Sato-Ilic, Tomoyuki Kuwata Mika Sato-Ilic, Tomoyuki Kuwata
Optimization of Modular Neural Networks with Type-2 Fuzzy Integration Using 83 Optimization of Modular Neural Networks with Type-2 Fuzzy Integration Using 83
General Evolutionary Method with Application In Multimodal Biometry General Evolutionary Method with Application In Multimodal Biometry
Denisse Hidalgo, Patricia Melin Denisse Hidalgo, Patricia Melin
Guillermo Licea, Oscar Castillo Guillermo Licea, Oscar Castillo
A Search for Barker Like Ternary Sequences for Direct Sequence CDMA 91 A Search for Barker Like Ternary Sequences for Direct Sequence CDMA 91
N. Rajaiah, K. Subba Rao N. Rajaiah, K. Subba Rao
vii vii
Contents Contents
Preface Preface
Part I: Architecting Complex Engineering Systems 1 Part I: Architecting Complex Engineering Systems 1
A Neural Network Approach to Modeling System Integration Sensitivity 3 A Neural Network Approach to Modeling System Integration Sensitivity 3
For Architectural Assessment For Architectural Assessment
Jason P. Dauby, Cihan H. Dagli Jason P. Dauby, Cihan H. Dagli
Coupled Non-Homogeneous Chaos Synchronization 11 Coupled Non-Homogeneous Chaos Synchronization 11
Davoud Arasteh Davoud Arasteh
The Algorithm of Temporal Locality for Nonlinear Analysis of Chaotic 19 The Algorithm of Temporal Locality for Nonlinear Analysis of Chaotic 19
Signals Mapped Through Multidimensional Phase Space Signals Mapped Through Multidimensional Phase Space
Victor F. Dailyudenko Victor F. Dailyudenko
Induction of Virtual Sensors with Function Stacks 27 Induction of Virtual Sensors with Function Stacks 27
Daniel Ashlock, Adam Shuttleworth, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Adam Shuttleworth, Kenneth M. Bryden
Real-Time Prediction Using Kernel Methods and Data Assimilation 35 Real-Time Prediction Using Kernel Methods and Data Assimilation 35
Robin C. Gilbert, Theodore B. Trafalis Robin C. Gilbert, Theodore B. Trafalis
Michael B. Richman, S. Lakshmivarahan Michael B. Richman, S. Lakshmivarahan
Weak Key Analysis of Cellular Automata-Based Random Number 43 Weak Key Analysis of Cellular Automata-Based Random Number 43
Generation and Secret Key Cryptography Generation and Secret Key Cryptography
Frederic Pinel, Pascal Bouvry, Franciszek Seredynski Frederic Pinel, Pascal Bouvry, Franciszek Seredynski
Parasom: An Efficient Self-Organizing Map for Parallel Multidimensional 51 Parasom: An Efficient Self-Organizing Map for Parallel Multidimensional 51
Input Processing and Clustering Input Processing and Clustering
Iren Valova, Daniel MacLean, Derek Beaton Iren Valova, Daniel MacLean, Derek Beaton
Threat Anticipation and Deceptive Reasoning Using Bayesian Belief Networks 59 Threat Anticipation and Deceptive Reasoning Using Bayesian Belief Networks 59
Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama, Joe E. Lake Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama, Joe E. Lake
Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Aviation Security Cargo 67 Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Aviation Security Cargo 67
Inspection Queuing System Inspection Queuing System
Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama Glenn O. Allgood, Mohammed M. Olama
Terri A. Rose, Daryl Brumback Terri A. Rose, Daryl Brumback
Self-Organized Kernel Fuzzy Clustering Method and Its Evaluation 75 Self-Organized Kernel Fuzzy Clustering Method and Its Evaluation 75
For the Number of Clusters Based on Alignment of Similarities For the Number of Clusters Based on Alignment of Similarities
Mika Sato-Ilic, Tomoyuki Kuwata Mika Sato-Ilic, Tomoyuki Kuwata
Optimization of Modular Neural Networks with Type-2 Fuzzy Integration Using 83 Optimization of Modular Neural Networks with Type-2 Fuzzy Integration Using 83
General Evolutionary Method with Application In Multimodal Biometry General Evolutionary Method with Application In Multimodal Biometry
Denisse Hidalgo, Patricia Melin Denisse Hidalgo, Patricia Melin
Guillermo Licea, Oscar Castillo Guillermo Licea, Oscar Castillo
A Search for Barker Like Ternary Sequences for Direct Sequence CDMA 91 A Search for Barker Like Ternary Sequences for Direct Sequence CDMA 91
N. Rajaiah, K. Subba Rao N. Rajaiah, K. Subba Rao
Development of the On-Site Earthquake Early Warning Systems for 107 Development of the On-Site Earthquake Early Warning Systems for 107
Taiwan Using Neural Networks Taiwan Using Neural Networks
Chu-Chieh Jay Lin, Zhe-Ping Seng Chu-Chieh Jay Lin, Zhe-Ping Seng
Fractal Analysis of CT-Measured Porosity for Claypan Soils 115 Fractal Analysis of CT-Measured Porosity for Claypan Soils 115
Y. Zeng, C.J. Gantzer, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta Y. Zeng, C.J. Gantzer, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta
Application Artificial Neural Networks for Along Wind Loads on Tall Buildings 123 Application Artificial Neural Networks for Along Wind Loads on Tall Buildings 123
Kanchan Patil Kanchan Patil
Hot Mix Asphalt Dynamic Modulus Prediction Using Kernel Machines 131 Hot Mix Asphalt Dynamic Modulus Prediction Using Kernel Machines 131
Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim
Predicting Travel Time along Arterials with More Sustainable Methods 139 Predicting Travel Time along Arterials with More Sustainable Methods 139
Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh, Salwa Beheiry, Yacoub Najjar Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh, Salwa Beheiry, Yacoub Najjar
Assessment of CT-Measured Porosity in Russian Soils Using Fractal 147 Assessment of CT-Measured Porosity in Russian Soils Using Fractal 147
Dimension and Lacunarity Dimension and Lacunarity
E.Y. Yakimenko, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta E.Y. Yakimenko, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta
ANN-Based Profiling: Data Importance 155 ANN-Based Profiling: Data Importance 155
Sam Mryyan, Yacoub Najjar Sam Mryyan, Yacoub Najjar
Part III: Evolutionary Computation 163 Part III: Evolutionary Computation 163
Ring Optimization of Side Effect Machines 165 Ring Optimization of Side Effect Machines 165
Andrew McEachern, Daniel Ashlock Andrew McEachern, Daniel Ashlock
Multiscale Feature Location with a Fractal Representation 173 Multiscale Feature Location with a Fractal Representation 173
Daniel Ashlock, Stephen Gent, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Stephen Gent, Kenneth M. Bryden
Taxonomy of a Diverse Collection of String Optimization Problems 181 Taxonomy of a Diverse Collection of String Optimization Problems 181
Daniel Ashlock, Steven M. Corns, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Steven M. Corns, Kenneth M. Bryden
Logic Function Induction with the Blender Algorithm Using Function Stacks 189 Logic Function Induction with the Blender Algorithm Using Function Stacks 189
Daniel Ashlock, Douglas McCorkle, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Douglas McCorkle, Kenneth M. Bryden
Breaking a Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm with an Evolutionary Algorithm 197 Breaking a Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm with an Evolutionary Algorithm 197
Daniel Ashlock, Justin Schonfeld, Taika von Königslöw Daniel Ashlock, Justin Schonfeld, Taika von Königslöw
Co-Evolving Painting Robots Using Graph Based Evolutionary Algorithms 205 Co-Evolving Painting Robots Using Graph Based Evolutionary Algorithms 205
Steven M. Corns Steven M. Corns
The Impact of Representation for Taxonomical Evaluation of Evolutionary Algorithms 213 The Impact of Representation for Taxonomical Evaluation of Evolutionary Algorithms 213
Jayakanth Jayachandran, Steven M. Corns Jayakanth Jayachandran, Steven M. Corns
A Multi-Agent Organizational Model for CoEvolutionary Optimization 221 A Multi-Agent Organizational Model for CoEvolutionary Optimization 221
Grégoire Danoy, Pascal Bouvry, Olivier Boissier Grégoire Danoy, Pascal Bouvry, Olivier Boissier
Evolutionary Group-Swarming: Agent-Based Simulation 229 Evolutionary Group-Swarming: Agent-Based Simulation 229
V.K. Murthy, E.V. Krishnamurthy V.K. Murthy, E.V. Krishnamurthy
viii viii
Development of the On-Site Earthquake Early Warning Systems for 107 Development of the On-Site Earthquake Early Warning Systems for 107
Taiwan Using Neural Networks Taiwan Using Neural Networks
Chu-Chieh Jay Lin, Zhe-Ping Seng Chu-Chieh Jay Lin, Zhe-Ping Seng
Fractal Analysis of CT-Measured Porosity for Claypan Soils 115 Fractal Analysis of CT-Measured Porosity for Claypan Soils 115
Y. Zeng, C.J. Gantzer, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta Y. Zeng, C.J. Gantzer, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta
Application Artificial Neural Networks for Along Wind Loads on Tall Buildings 123 Application Artificial Neural Networks for Along Wind Loads on Tall Buildings 123
Kanchan Patil Kanchan Patil
Hot Mix Asphalt Dynamic Modulus Prediction Using Kernel Machines 131 Hot Mix Asphalt Dynamic Modulus Prediction Using Kernel Machines 131
Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim Kasthurirangan Gopalakrishnan, Halil Ceylan, Sunghwan Kim
Predicting Travel Time along Arterials with More Sustainable Methods 139 Predicting Travel Time along Arterials with More Sustainable Methods 139
Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh, Salwa Beheiry, Yacoub Najjar Ghassan Abu-Lebdeh, Salwa Beheiry, Yacoub Najjar
Assessment of CT-Measured Porosity in Russian Soils Using Fractal 147 Assessment of CT-Measured Porosity in Russian Soils Using Fractal 147
Dimension and Lacunarity Dimension and Lacunarity
E.Y. Yakimenko, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta E.Y. Yakimenko, S.H. Anderson, R.P. Udawatta
ANN-Based Profiling: Data Importance 155 ANN-Based Profiling: Data Importance 155
Sam Mryyan, Yacoub Najjar Sam Mryyan, Yacoub Najjar
Part III: Evolutionary Computation 163 Part III: Evolutionary Computation 163
Ring Optimization of Side Effect Machines 165 Ring Optimization of Side Effect Machines 165
Andrew McEachern, Daniel Ashlock Andrew McEachern, Daniel Ashlock
Multiscale Feature Location with a Fractal Representation 173 Multiscale Feature Location with a Fractal Representation 173
Daniel Ashlock, Stephen Gent, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Stephen Gent, Kenneth M. Bryden
Taxonomy of a Diverse Collection of String Optimization Problems 181 Taxonomy of a Diverse Collection of String Optimization Problems 181
Daniel Ashlock, Steven M. Corns, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Steven M. Corns, Kenneth M. Bryden
Logic Function Induction with the Blender Algorithm Using Function Stacks 189 Logic Function Induction with the Blender Algorithm Using Function Stacks 189
Daniel Ashlock, Douglas McCorkle, Kenneth M. Bryden Daniel Ashlock, Douglas McCorkle, Kenneth M. Bryden
Breaking a Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm with an Evolutionary Algorithm 197 Breaking a Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm with an Evolutionary Algorithm 197
Daniel Ashlock, Justin Schonfeld, Taika von Königslöw Daniel Ashlock, Justin Schonfeld, Taika von Königslöw
Co-Evolving Painting Robots Using Graph Based Evolutionary Algorithms 205 Co-Evolving Painting Robots Using Graph Based Evolutionary Algorithms 205
Steven M. Corns Steven M. Corns
The Impact of Representation for Taxonomical Evaluation of Evolutionary Algorithms 213 The Impact of Representation for Taxonomical Evaluation of Evolutionary Algorithms 213
Jayakanth Jayachandran, Steven M. Corns Jayakanth Jayachandran, Steven M. Corns
A Multi-Agent Organizational Model for CoEvolutionary Optimization 221 A Multi-Agent Organizational Model for CoEvolutionary Optimization 221
Grégoire Danoy, Pascal Bouvry, Olivier Boissier Grégoire Danoy, Pascal Bouvry, Olivier Boissier
Evolutionary Group-Swarming: Agent-Based Simulation 229 Evolutionary Group-Swarming: Agent-Based Simulation 229
V.K. Murthy, E.V. Krishnamurthy V.K. Murthy, E.V. Krishnamurthy
Cryptographic Properties of Cellular Automata-Based S-Boxes 237 Cryptographic Properties of Cellular Automata-Based S-Boxes 237
Equivalent to Des S-Boxes Equivalent to Des S-Boxes
Miroslaw Szaban, Franciszek Seredynski, Pascal Bouvry Miroslaw Szaban, Franciszek Seredynski, Pascal Bouvry
The Impact of Long-Term Memory in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 245 The Impact of Long-Term Memory in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 245
Nick Rogers, Dan Ashlock Nick Rogers, Dan Ashlock
Exploring Promising Regions of the Search Space with the Scout Bee in the 253 Exploring Promising Regions of the Search Space with the Scout Bee in the 253
Artificial Bee Colony for Constrained Optimization Artificial Bee Colony for Constrained Optimization
Efrén Mezura-Montes, Omar Cetina-Domínguez Efrén Mezura-Montes, Omar Cetina-Domínguez
Particle Swarm Optimization for Emission Source Localization in 261 Particle Swarm Optimization for Emission Source Localization in 261
Sensor Networks Sensor Networks
Girma S. Tewolde, Darrin M. Hanna, Richard E. Haskell Girma S. Tewolde, Darrin M. Hanna, Richard E. Haskell
A Swarm Intelligent Sudoku Solver 269 A Swarm Intelligent Sudoku Solver 269
Wen-Li Wang, David Loker, Mei-Huei Tang Wen-Li Wang, David Loker, Mei-Huei Tang
GA-Based Method for Optimal Weight Design Problem of Double Box Culvert 275 GA-Based Method for Optimal Weight Design Problem of Double Box Culvert 275
Takao Yokota, Shozo Wada, Takeaki Taguchi Takao Yokota, Shozo Wada, Takeaki Taguchi
An Open Shortest Path First Area Design Problem Using Genetic Algorithm 283 An Open Shortest Path First Area Design Problem Using Genetic Algorithm 283
Juno Song, Mitsuo Gen Juno Song, Mitsuo Gen
Applying Metaheuristic Approach to Three-Dimensional Tour Guide Allocation Problem 291 Applying Metaheuristic Approach to Three-Dimensional Tour Guide Allocation Problem 291
Kayoko Murakami, Seren Ozmehmet Tasan, Serdar Tasan Kayoko Murakami, Seren Ozmehmet Tasan, Serdar Tasan
Mitsuo Gen, Takashi Oyabu, Yang Yang Mitsuo Gen, Takashi Oyabu, Yang Yang
Quay Crane Scheduling with Non-Interference Constraints by 299 Quay Crane Scheduling with Non-Interference Constraints by 299
Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms
Yang Yang, Kap Hwan Kim, Mitsuo Gen Yang Yang, Kap Hwan Kim, Mitsuo Gen
Study on Two-Stage Transportation Planning with Inventory and Exclusionary Side 307 Study on Two-Stage Transportation Planning with Inventory and Exclusionary Side 307
Constraints by Boltzmann Random Key-Based GA Constraints by Boltzmann Random Key-Based GA
Shinichiro Ataka, Byungki Kim, Mitsuo Gen Shinichiro Ataka, Byungki Kim, Mitsuo Gen
GA for JSP with Delivery Time and Holding Cost 315 GA for JSP with Delivery Time and Holding Cost 315
Kazumi Abe, Kenichi Ida Kazumi Abe, Kenichi Ida
Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Pareto-Optimal Route Selection 323 Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Pareto-Optimal Route Selection 323
Feng Wen, Mitsuo Gen Feng Wen, Mitsuo Gen
Multiobjective Evolututionary Algorithm Approach for Job Shop Rescheduling Problem 331 Multiobjective Evolututionary Algorithm Approach for Job Shop Rescheduling Problem 331
Xinchang Hao, Mitsuo Gen, Runwei Cheng Xinchang Hao, Mitsuo Gen, Runwei Cheng
Cell Loading and Product Sequencing in Synchronized Manufacturing Cells Using GA 339 Cell Loading and Product Sequencing in Synchronized Manufacturing Cells Using GA 339
Gürsel A. Süer, Fatih Yarimoglu Gürsel A. Süer, Fatih Yarimoglu
Navigation of an Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Artificial Immune System Algorithm 349 Navigation of an Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Artificial Immune System Algorithm 349
S. Ozcelik, S. Sukumaran, R. Challoo S. Ozcelik, S. Sukumaran, R. Challoo
Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization for Engineering Design 357 Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization for Engineering Design 357
Efrén Mezura-Montes, Betania Hernández-Ocaña Efrén Mezura-Montes, Betania Hernández-Ocaña
ix ix
Cryptographic Properties of Cellular Automata-Based S-Boxes 237 Cryptographic Properties of Cellular Automata-Based S-Boxes 237
Equivalent to Des S-Boxes Equivalent to Des S-Boxes
Miroslaw Szaban, Franciszek Seredynski, Pascal Bouvry Miroslaw Szaban, Franciszek Seredynski, Pascal Bouvry
The Impact of Long-Term Memory in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 245 The Impact of Long-Term Memory in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma 245
Nick Rogers, Dan Ashlock Nick Rogers, Dan Ashlock
Exploring Promising Regions of the Search Space with the Scout Bee in the 253 Exploring Promising Regions of the Search Space with the Scout Bee in the 253
Artificial Bee Colony for Constrained Optimization Artificial Bee Colony for Constrained Optimization
Efrén Mezura-Montes, Omar Cetina-Domínguez Efrén Mezura-Montes, Omar Cetina-Domínguez
Particle Swarm Optimization for Emission Source Localization in 261 Particle Swarm Optimization for Emission Source Localization in 261
Sensor Networks Sensor Networks
Girma S. Tewolde, Darrin M. Hanna, Richard E. Haskell Girma S. Tewolde, Darrin M. Hanna, Richard E. Haskell
A Swarm Intelligent Sudoku Solver 269 A Swarm Intelligent Sudoku Solver 269
Wen-Li Wang, David Loker, Mei-Huei Tang Wen-Li Wang, David Loker, Mei-Huei Tang
GA-Based Method for Optimal Weight Design Problem of Double Box Culvert 275 GA-Based Method for Optimal Weight Design Problem of Double Box Culvert 275
Takao Yokota, Shozo Wada, Takeaki Taguchi Takao Yokota, Shozo Wada, Takeaki Taguchi
An Open Shortest Path First Area Design Problem Using Genetic Algorithm 283 An Open Shortest Path First Area Design Problem Using Genetic Algorithm 283
Juno Song, Mitsuo Gen Juno Song, Mitsuo Gen
Applying Metaheuristic Approach to Three-Dimensional Tour Guide Allocation Problem 291 Applying Metaheuristic Approach to Three-Dimensional Tour Guide Allocation Problem 291
Kayoko Murakami, Seren Ozmehmet Tasan, Serdar Tasan Kayoko Murakami, Seren Ozmehmet Tasan, Serdar Tasan
Mitsuo Gen, Takashi Oyabu, Yang Yang Mitsuo Gen, Takashi Oyabu, Yang Yang
Quay Crane Scheduling with Non-Interference Constraints by 299 Quay Crane Scheduling with Non-Interference Constraints by 299
Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms
Yang Yang, Kap Hwan Kim, Mitsuo Gen Yang Yang, Kap Hwan Kim, Mitsuo Gen
Study on Two-Stage Transportation Planning with Inventory and Exclusionary Side 307 Study on Two-Stage Transportation Planning with Inventory and Exclusionary Side 307
Constraints by Boltzmann Random Key-Based GA Constraints by Boltzmann Random Key-Based GA
Shinichiro Ataka, Byungki Kim, Mitsuo Gen Shinichiro Ataka, Byungki Kim, Mitsuo Gen
GA for JSP with Delivery Time and Holding Cost 315 GA for JSP with Delivery Time and Holding Cost 315
Kazumi Abe, Kenichi Ida Kazumi Abe, Kenichi Ida
Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Pareto-Optimal Route Selection 323 Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm for Pareto-Optimal Route Selection 323
Feng Wen, Mitsuo Gen Feng Wen, Mitsuo Gen
Multiobjective Evolututionary Algorithm Approach for Job Shop Rescheduling Problem 331 Multiobjective Evolututionary Algorithm Approach for Job Shop Rescheduling Problem 331
Xinchang Hao, Mitsuo Gen, Runwei Cheng Xinchang Hao, Mitsuo Gen, Runwei Cheng
Cell Loading and Product Sequencing in Synchronized Manufacturing Cells Using GA 339 Cell Loading and Product Sequencing in Synchronized Manufacturing Cells Using GA 339
Gürsel A. Süer, Fatih Yarimoglu Gürsel A. Süer, Fatih Yarimoglu
Navigation of an Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Artificial Immune System Algorithm 349 Navigation of an Autonomous Mobile Robot Using Artificial Immune System Algorithm 349
S. Ozcelik, S. Sukumaran, R. Challoo S. Ozcelik, S. Sukumaran, R. Challoo
Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization for Engineering Design 357 Modified Bacterial Foraging Optimization for Engineering Design 357
Efrén Mezura-Montes, Betania Hernández-Ocaña Efrén Mezura-Montes, Betania Hernández-Ocaña
Part IV: General Engineering Application 365 Part IV: General Engineering Application 365
Attractive Walking Through Electrocardiogram Signals of Arrhythmia by 367 Attractive Walking Through Electrocardiogram Signals of Arrhythmia by 367
Analyzing the Normal Neighbor Rhythm Analyzing the Normal Neighbor Rhythm
Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova, Chin Ming Hui Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova, Chin Ming Hui
Simulation of Synaptic Responses in an Active Membrane Model 375 Simulation of Synaptic Responses in an Active Membrane Model 375
Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova
George Georgiev, Vyacheslav Glukh George Georgiev, Vyacheslav Glukh
Biomolecular Feature Selection of Colorectal Cancer Microarray Data 383 Biomolecular Feature Selection of Colorectal Cancer Microarray Data 383
Using GA-SVM Hybrid Using GA-SVM Hybrid
Alda Mizaku, David J. Schaffer Alda Mizaku, David J. Schaffer
Walker H. Land, John J. Heine Walker H. Land, John J. Heine
A Complex Adaptive Decision Mechanism (CADM) for Two View Mammography 391 A Complex Adaptive Decision Mechanism (CADM) for Two View Mammography 391
Walker H. Land, Dan Margolis, Maria Kallergi, John J. Heine Walker H. Land, Dan Margolis, Maria Kallergi, John J. Heine
Feature Selection of Microarray Data Using Genetic Algorithms and 397 Feature Selection of Microarray Data Using Genetic Algorithms and 397
Artificial Neural Networks Artificial Neural Networks
Paul Yacci, Anne Haake, Roger S. Gaborski Paul Yacci, Anne Haake, Roger S. Gaborski
Spherical SOFM: Implications for Forensics and Craniofacial Surgery 405 Spherical SOFM: Implications for Forensics and Craniofacial Surgery 405
Archana P. Sangole, Pascal Labrecque, Patricia Bortoluzzi Archana P. Sangole, Pascal Labrecque, Patricia Bortoluzzi
Modular Neural Network with Fuzzy Integration for Face, Fingerprint and 413 Modular Neural Network with Fuzzy Integration for Face, Fingerprint and 413
Voice Recognition Voice Recognition
Ricardo Muñoz Bernal, Oscar Castillo, Patricia Melin Ricardo Muñoz Bernal, Oscar Castillo, Patricia Melin
Enhanced Hyperspectral Face Recognition 421 Enhanced Hyperspectral Face Recognition 421
David M. Ryer, Kenneth W. Bauer David M. Ryer, Kenneth W. Bauer
An Adaptive Facial Feature Tracking for Expression Recognition Using 429 An Adaptive Facial Feature Tracking for Expression Recognition Using 429
Temporal Information in Feature Selection Temporal Information in Feature Selection
Mahsa Maghami, Ramin Mehran, Mohsen Shiva Mahsa Maghami, Ramin Mehran, Mohsen Shiva
Hierarchical Face Age-Estimation Algorithm Using Informed Facial Features 437 Hierarchical Face Age-Estimation Algorithm Using Informed Facial Features 437
Karl Ricanek Karl Ricanek
Performance Analysis of Moments in Invariant Object Classification 447 Performance Analysis of Moments in Invariant Object Classification 447
Nervez Imamoğlu, Aydin Eresen Nervez Imamoğlu, Aydin Eresen
Arda Yağci, A. Murat Özbayoğlu Arda Yağci, A. Murat Özbayoğlu
Lyapunov Exponents Spectrum Estimation 455 Lyapunov Exponents Spectrum Estimation 455
Davoud Arasteh Davoud Arasteh
Regression of Representative Keys for Classification: A Simple Learning Approach 463 Regression of Representative Keys for Classification: A Simple Learning Approach 463
El Sayed Mahmoud, David Calvert El Sayed Mahmoud, David Calvert
Max Blot-Out Picking for Reducing the Number of Representation Vectors 471 Max Blot-Out Picking for Reducing the Number of Representation Vectors 471
From the Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm From the Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm
Shanmugalingam Easwaran Shanmugalingam Easwaran
A Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm for Obtaining Representation Vectors to 481 A Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm for Obtaining Representation Vectors to 481
Represent An Arbitrary Dataset Represent An Arbitrary Dataset
Shanmugalingam Easwaran Shanmugalingam Easwaran
x x
Part IV: General Engineering Application 365 Part IV: General Engineering Application 365
Attractive Walking Through Electrocardiogram Signals of Arrhythmia by 367 Attractive Walking Through Electrocardiogram Signals of Arrhythmia by 367
Analyzing the Normal Neighbor Rhythm Analyzing the Normal Neighbor Rhythm
Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova, Chin Ming Hui Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova, Chin Ming Hui
Simulation of Synaptic Responses in an Active Membrane Model 375 Simulation of Synaptic Responses in an Active Membrane Model 375
Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova Natacha Gueorguieva, Iren Valova
George Georgiev, Vyacheslav Glukh George Georgiev, Vyacheslav Glukh
Biomolecular Feature Selection of Colorectal Cancer Microarray Data 383 Biomolecular Feature Selection of Colorectal Cancer Microarray Data 383
Using GA-SVM Hybrid Using GA-SVM Hybrid
Alda Mizaku, David J. Schaffer Alda Mizaku, David J. Schaffer
Walker H. Land, John J. Heine Walker H. Land, John J. Heine
A Complex Adaptive Decision Mechanism (CADM) for Two View Mammography 391 A Complex Adaptive Decision Mechanism (CADM) for Two View Mammography 391
Walker H. Land, Dan Margolis, Maria Kallergi, John J. Heine Walker H. Land, Dan Margolis, Maria Kallergi, John J. Heine
Feature Selection of Microarray Data Using Genetic Algorithms and 397 Feature Selection of Microarray Data Using Genetic Algorithms and 397
Artificial Neural Networks Artificial Neural Networks
Paul Yacci, Anne Haake, Roger S. Gaborski Paul Yacci, Anne Haake, Roger S. Gaborski
Spherical SOFM: Implications for Forensics and Craniofacial Surgery 405 Spherical SOFM: Implications for Forensics and Craniofacial Surgery 405
Archana P. Sangole, Pascal Labrecque, Patricia Bortoluzzi Archana P. Sangole, Pascal Labrecque, Patricia Bortoluzzi
Modular Neural Network with Fuzzy Integration for Face, Fingerprint and 413 Modular Neural Network with Fuzzy Integration for Face, Fingerprint and 413
Voice Recognition Voice Recognition
Ricardo Muñoz Bernal, Oscar Castillo, Patricia Melin Ricardo Muñoz Bernal, Oscar Castillo, Patricia Melin
Enhanced Hyperspectral Face Recognition 421 Enhanced Hyperspectral Face Recognition 421
David M. Ryer, Kenneth W. Bauer David M. Ryer, Kenneth W. Bauer
An Adaptive Facial Feature Tracking for Expression Recognition Using 429 An Adaptive Facial Feature Tracking for Expression Recognition Using 429
Temporal Information in Feature Selection Temporal Information in Feature Selection
Mahsa Maghami, Ramin Mehran, Mohsen Shiva Mahsa Maghami, Ramin Mehran, Mohsen Shiva
Hierarchical Face Age-Estimation Algorithm Using Informed Facial Features 437 Hierarchical Face Age-Estimation Algorithm Using Informed Facial Features 437
Karl Ricanek Karl Ricanek
Performance Analysis of Moments in Invariant Object Classification 447 Performance Analysis of Moments in Invariant Object Classification 447
Nervez Imamoğlu, Aydin Eresen Nervez Imamoğlu, Aydin Eresen
Arda Yağci, A. Murat Özbayoğlu Arda Yağci, A. Murat Özbayoğlu
Lyapunov Exponents Spectrum Estimation 455 Lyapunov Exponents Spectrum Estimation 455
Davoud Arasteh Davoud Arasteh
Regression of Representative Keys for Classification: A Simple Learning Approach 463 Regression of Representative Keys for Classification: A Simple Learning Approach 463
El Sayed Mahmoud, David Calvert El Sayed Mahmoud, David Calvert
Max Blot-Out Picking for Reducing the Number of Representation Vectors 471 Max Blot-Out Picking for Reducing the Number of Representation Vectors 471
From the Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm From the Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm
Shanmugalingam Easwaran Shanmugalingam Easwaran
A Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm for Obtaining Representation Vectors to 481 A Pick and Blot-Out Algorithm for Obtaining Representation Vectors to 481
Represent An Arbitrary Dataset Represent An Arbitrary Dataset
Shanmugalingam Easwaran Shanmugalingam Easwaran
A Design Method of Simultaneous Stabilizing Modified PID Controllers 491 A Design Method of Simultaneous Stabilizing Modified PID Controllers 491
Takaaki Hagiwara, Kou Yamada Takaaki Hagiwara, Kou Yamada
Iwanori Murakami, Yoshinori Ando Iwanori Murakami, Yoshinori Ando
Control System to Attenuate Unknown Input Disturbance 499 Control System to Attenuate Unknown Input Disturbance 499
Kou Yamada, Da Zhi Gong, Masahiko Kobayashi Kou Yamada, Da Zhi Gong, Masahiko Kobayashi
Yoshinori Ando, Takaaki Hagiwara, Iwanori Murakami, Yoichi Imai Yoshinori Ando, Takaaki Hagiwara, Iwanori Murakami, Yoichi Imai
Adaptive Neural Controller for a Permanent Magnet DC Motor 507 Adaptive Neural Controller for a Permanent Magnet DC Motor 507
Rajab Challoo, R. Palaniswamy, S. Li, S. Ozcelik Rajab Challoo, R. Palaniswamy, S. Li, S. Ozcelik
Implementation of an Internet-based Tele-Operation for the 515 Implementation of an Internet-based Tele-Operation for the 515
Control of an Inverted Pendulum Control of an Inverted Pendulum
S. Ozcelik, S. Karri, N. Yilmazer, M. Yilmaz S. Ozcelik, S. Karri, N. Yilmazer, M. Yilmaz
Automated Synthesis of Microwave Filters Using Modular Neural Networks 523 Automated Synthesis of Microwave Filters Using Modular Neural Networks 523
A. Ilumoka A. Ilumoka
Ensemble Neural Networks with Fuzzy Integration for Complex Time Series Prediction 531 Ensemble Neural Networks with Fuzzy Integration for Complex Time Series Prediction 531
Martha Elena Pulido, Alejandra Mancilla Martha Elena Pulido, Alejandra Mancilla
Patricia Melin, Oscar Castillo Patricia Melin, Oscar Castillo
Neural Network Based Nonlinear Discriminant Ana lysis for Speech Recognition 539 Neural Network Based Nonlinear Discriminant Ana lysis for Speech Recognition 539
Hongbing Hu, Stephen A. Zahorian Hongbing Hu, Stephen A. Zahorian
Hybrid Method for Better Active Learning 547 Hybrid Method for Better Active Learning 547
Dionysios N. Danilatos, Cihan H. Dagli Dionysios N. Danilatos, Cihan H. Dagli
Application of Taguchi Methods to Manage an Investment Portfolio 555 Application of Taguchi Methods to Manage an Investment Portfolio 555
Vivek K. Jikar, Kenneth M. Ragsdell Vivek K. Jikar, Kenneth M. Ragsdell
Assessment of Prediction of Weathering Degrees for Drilling Core 563 Assessment of Prediction of Weathering Degrees for Drilling Core 563
According to Samples Color According to Samples Color
Nazha Selmaoui, Thomas Quiniou, Christine LaPorte-Magoni Nazha Selmaoui, Thomas Quiniou, Christine LaPorte-Magoni
Extending Sales Forecast from Compressed Interest Rates with 571 Extending Sales Forecast from Compressed Interest Rates with 571
Wavelets and Neural Networks Wavelets and Neural Networks
Claude F. Turner, Anthony Joseph Claude F. Turner, Anthony Joseph
A Model for HGA Manufacturing Yield Prediction Using Adapted 579 A Model for HGA Manufacturing Yield Prediction Using Adapted 579
Stochastic Neural Networks Stochastic Neural Networks
Prasitchai Boonserm, Jumpol Polvichai, Tiranee Achalakul Prasitchai Boonserm, Jumpol Polvichai, Tiranee Achalakul
Extraction of Element Distribution of Gauss Mixture Distributions with 587 Extraction of Element Distribution of Gauss Mixture Distributions with 587
Unknown Number of Elements Unknown Number of Elements
Kiyoshi Tsukakoshi, Shizuo Mawatari Kiyoshi Tsukakoshi, Shizuo Mawatari
Symmetry in Ciset and Ciset Relational Database Operators 595 Symmetry in Ciset and Ciset Relational Database Operators 595
Premchand S. Nair Premchand S. Nair
Variable Compression of Interest Rates in the Forecasting of Aggregate Sales 603 Variable Compression of Interest Rates in the Forecasting of Aggregate Sales 603
Anthony Joseph, Claude F. Turner Anthony Joseph, Claude F. Turner
xi xi
A Design Method of Simultaneous Stabilizing Modified PID Controllers 491 A Design Method of Simultaneous Stabilizing Modified PID Controllers 491
Takaaki Hagiwara, Kou Yamada Takaaki Hagiwara, Kou Yamada
Iwanori Murakami, Yoshinori Ando Iwanori Murakami, Yoshinori Ando
Control System to Attenuate Unknown Input Disturbance 499 Control System to Attenuate Unknown Input Disturbance 499
Kou Yamada, Da Zhi Gong, Masahiko Kobayashi Kou Yamada, Da Zhi Gong, Masahiko Kobayashi
Yoshinori Ando, Takaaki Hagiwara, Iwanori Murakami, Yoichi Imai Yoshinori Ando, Takaaki Hagiwara, Iwanori Murakami, Yoichi Imai
Adaptive Neural Controller for a Permanent Magnet DC Motor 507 Adaptive Neural Controller for a Permanent Magnet DC Motor 507
Rajab Challoo, R. Palaniswamy, S. Li, S. Ozcelik Rajab Challoo, R. Palaniswamy, S. Li, S. Ozcelik
Implementation of an Internet-based Tele-Operation for the 515 Implementation of an Internet-based Tele-Operation for the 515
Control of an Inverted Pendulum Control of an Inverted Pendulum
S. Ozcelik, S. Karri, N. Yilmazer, M. Yilmaz S. Ozcelik, S. Karri, N. Yilmazer, M. Yilmaz
Automated Synthesis of Microwave Filters Using Modular Neural Networks 523 Automated Synthesis of Microwave Filters Using Modular Neural Networks 523
A. Ilumoka A. Ilumoka
Ensemble Neural Networks with Fuzzy Integration for Complex Time Series Prediction 531 Ensemble Neural Networks with Fuzzy Integration for Complex Time Series Prediction 531
Martha Elena Pulido, Alejandra Mancilla Martha Elena Pulido, Alejandra Mancilla
Patricia Melin, Oscar Castillo Patricia Melin, Oscar Castillo
Neural Network Based Nonlinear Discriminant Ana lysis for Speech Recognition 539 Neural Network Based Nonlinear Discriminant Ana lysis for Speech Recognition 539
Hongbing Hu, Stephen A. Zahorian Hongbing Hu, Stephen A. Zahorian
Hybrid Method for Better Active Learning 547 Hybrid Method for Better Active Learning 547
Dionysios N. Danilatos, Cihan H. Dagli Dionysios N. Danilatos, Cihan H. Dagli
Application of Taguchi Methods to Manage an Investment Portfolio 555 Application of Taguchi Methods to Manage an Investment Portfolio 555
Vivek K. Jikar, Kenneth M. Ragsdell Vivek K. Jikar, Kenneth M. Ragsdell
Assessment of Prediction of Weathering Degrees for Drilling Core 563 Assessment of Prediction of Weathering Degrees for Drilling Core 563
According to Samples Color According to Samples Color
Nazha Selmaoui, Thomas Quiniou, Christine LaPorte-Magoni Nazha Selmaoui, Thomas Quiniou, Christine LaPorte-Magoni
Extending Sales Forecast from Compressed Interest Rates with 571 Extending Sales Forecast from Compressed Interest Rates with 571
Wavelets and Neural Networks Wavelets and Neural Networks
Claude F. Turner, Anthony Joseph Claude F. Turner, Anthony Joseph
A Model for HGA Manufacturing Yield Prediction Using Adapted 579 A Model for HGA Manufacturing Yield Prediction Using Adapted 579
Stochastic Neural Networks Stochastic Neural Networks
Prasitchai Boonserm, Jumpol Polvichai, Tiranee Achalakul Prasitchai Boonserm, Jumpol Polvichai, Tiranee Achalakul
Extraction of Element Distribution of Gauss Mixture Distributions with 587 Extraction of Element Distribution of Gauss Mixture Distributions with 587
Unknown Number of Elements Unknown Number of Elements
Kiyoshi Tsukakoshi, Shizuo Mawatari Kiyoshi Tsukakoshi, Shizuo Mawatari
Symmetry in Ciset and Ciset Relational Database Operators 595 Symmetry in Ciset and Ciset Relational Database Operators 595
Premchand S. Nair Premchand S. Nair
Variable Compression of Interest Rates in the Forecasting of Aggregate Sales 603 Variable Compression of Interest Rates in the Forecasting of Aggregate Sales 603
Anthony Joseph, Claude F. Turner Anthony Joseph, Claude F. Turner
PREFACE PREFACE
As a follow up to the previous eighteen volumes of Intelligent Engineering As a follow up to the previous eighteen volumes of Intelligent Engineering
Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, edited by Dagli, C.H. et al., this Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, edited by Dagli, C.H. et al., this
volume contains the edited versions of the technical presentations of ANNIE 2009. volume contains the edited versions of the technical presentations of ANNIE 2009.
The nineteenth international gathering of researchers interested in Computational The nineteenth international gathering of researchers interested in Computational
Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems was held from Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems was held from
November 2-4, 2009 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The papers included in this November 2-4, 2009 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The papers included in this
volume provide a forum for researchers in the computational intelligence field to volume provide a forum for researchers in the computational intelligence field to
exchange ideas on architecting complex engineering systems. exchange ideas on architecting complex engineering systems.
An extended version of each paper selected for inclusion was reviewed by An extended version of each paper selected for inclusion was reviewed by
two referees, then revised, edited, and condensed to the format herein. The papers two referees, then revised, edited, and condensed to the format herein. The papers
in this edited book are grouped into four categories: in this edited book are grouped into four categories:
There were four plenary sessions scheduled for ANNIE 2009. Prof. There were four plenary sessions scheduled for ANNIE 2009. Prof.
Jagannathan Sarangapani opened the conference with the Monday Morning Jagannathan Sarangapani opened the conference with the Monday Morning
Plenary talk titled: “Neural Network Control: Simple Feedback to Optimality ”. The Plenary talk titled: “Neural Network Control: Simple Feedback to Optimality ”. The
Monday Luncheon Plenary talk was presented by Mr. Joe Kleiss on “Immersive Monday Luncheon Plenary talk was presented by Mr. Joe Kleiss on “Immersive
Engineering: A New Approach to Using System Engineering Tools in an Immersive Engineering: A New Approach to Using System Engineering Tools in an Immersive
Environment”. Dr. Kevin Moore opened the Tuesday presentations with his Environment”. Dr. Kevin Moore opened the Tuesday presentations with his
Tuesday Morning Plenary talk on “On the History, Accomplishments, and Future Tuesday Morning Plenary talk on “On the History, Accomplishments, and Future
of the Iterative Learning Control Paradigm”. Mr. Kurt Kinnevan presented the of the Iterative Learning Control Paradigm”. Mr. Kurt Kinnevan presented the
Tuesday Luncheon Plenary on “Development of a Virtual Base Camp Capability”. Tuesday Luncheon Plenary on “Development of a Virtual Base Camp Capability”.
The ANNIE 2009 Banquet Plenary Speaker was William W. Schoening The ANNIE 2009 Banquet Plenary Speaker was William W. Schoening
with his presentation titled “Large Scale Complex Adaptive Systems”. with his presentation titled “Large Scale Complex Adaptive Systems”.
Mr. Schoening has spent 42 years with Boeing as an operations analyst Mr. Schoening has spent 42 years with Boeing as an operations analyst
and systems engineer working on the products ranging from user intensive and systems engineer working on the products ranging from user intensive
software on a work station to fairly complicated individual systems like fighters, software on a work station to fairly complicated individual systems like fighters,
navy ships and ground vehicles to large collections of systems working together to navy ships and ground vehicles to large collections of systems working together to
solve operational problems. He is a Boeing Technical Fellow, a Fellow of the solve operational problems. He is a Boeing Technical Fellow, a Fellow of the
International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and past president of International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and past president of
INCOSE. Mr. Schoening earned a AB in Mathematics from Princeton and an MS INCOSE. Mr. Schoening earned a AB in Mathematics from Princeton and an MS
in Mathematics from Northwestern. in Mathematics from Northwestern.
The editors would like to once again thank the authors for their The editors would like to once again thank the authors for their
contributions to the book and presentations at the conference, which enabled the contributions to the book and presentations at the conference, which enabled the
creation of this volume. Further, we wish to express our gratitude to all referees creation of this volume. Further, we wish to express our gratitude to all referees
for their comments and suggestions for revising the papers. for their comments and suggestions for revising the papers.
We would like to mention our appreciation to Tina Dunn for her We would like to mention our appreciation to Tina Dunn for her
commitment to the ANNIE Conferences and her successful completion of ANNIE commitment to the ANNIE Conferences and her successful completion of ANNIE
2009, which is her fifth ANNIE Conference and publication. 2009, which is her fifth ANNIE Conference and publication.
xiii xiii
PREFACE PREFACE
As a follow up to the previous eighteen volumes of Intelligent Engineering As a follow up to the previous eighteen volumes of Intelligent Engineering
Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, edited by Dagli, C.H. et al., this Systems Through Artificial Neural Networks, edited by Dagli, C.H. et al., this
volume contains the edited versions of the technical presentations of ANNIE 2009. volume contains the edited versions of the technical presentations of ANNIE 2009.
The nineteenth international gathering of researchers interested in Computational The nineteenth international gathering of researchers interested in Computational
Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems was held from Intelligence in Architecting Complex Engineering Systems was held from
November 2-4, 2009 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The papers included in this November 2-4, 2009 in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. The papers included in this
volume provide a forum for researchers in the computational intelligence field to volume provide a forum for researchers in the computational intelligence field to
exchange ideas on architecting complex engineering systems. exchange ideas on architecting complex engineering systems.
An extended version of each paper selected for inclusion was reviewed by An extended version of each paper selected for inclusion was reviewed by
two referees, then revised, edited, and condensed to the format herein. The papers two referees, then revised, edited, and condensed to the format herein. The papers
in this edited book are grouped into four categories: in this edited book are grouped into four categories:
There were four plenary sessions scheduled for ANNIE 2009. Prof. There were four plenary sessions scheduled for ANNIE 2009. Prof.
Jagannathan Sarangapani opened the conference with the Monday Morning Jagannathan Sarangapani opened the conference with the Monday Morning
Plenary talk titled: “Neural Network Control: Simple Feedback to Optimality ”. The Plenary talk titled: “Neural Network Control: Simple Feedback to Optimality ”. The
Monday Luncheon Plenary talk was presented by Mr. Joe Kleiss on “Immersive Monday Luncheon Plenary talk was presented by Mr. Joe Kleiss on “Immersive
Engineering: A New Approach to Using System Engineering Tools in an Immersive Engineering: A New Approach to Using System Engineering Tools in an Immersive
Environment”. Dr. Kevin Moore opened the Tuesday presentations with his Environment”. Dr. Kevin Moore opened the Tuesday presentations with his
Tuesday Morning Plenary talk on “On the History, Accomplishments, and Future Tuesday Morning Plenary talk on “On the History, Accomplishments, and Future
of the Iterative Learning Control Paradigm”. Mr. Kurt Kinnevan presented the of the Iterative Learning Control Paradigm”. Mr. Kurt Kinnevan presented the
Tuesday Luncheon Plenary on “Development of a Virtual Base Camp Capability”. Tuesday Luncheon Plenary on “Development of a Virtual Base Camp Capability”.
The ANNIE 2009 Banquet Plenary Speaker was William W. Schoening The ANNIE 2009 Banquet Plenary Speaker was William W. Schoening
with his presentation titled “Large Scale Complex Adaptive Systems”. with his presentation titled “Large Scale Complex Adaptive Systems”.
Mr. Schoening has spent 42 years with Boeing as an operations analyst Mr. Schoening has spent 42 years with Boeing as an operations analyst
and systems engineer working on the products ranging from user intensive and systems engineer working on the products ranging from user intensive
software on a work station to fairly complicated individual systems like fighters, software on a work station to fairly complicated individual systems like fighters,
navy ships and ground vehicles to large collections of systems working together to navy ships and ground vehicles to large collections of systems working together to
solve operational problems. He is a Boeing Technical Fellow, a Fellow of the solve operational problems. He is a Boeing Technical Fellow, a Fellow of the
International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and past president of International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and past president of
INCOSE. Mr. Schoening earned a AB in Mathematics from Princeton and an MS INCOSE. Mr. Schoening earned a AB in Mathematics from Princeton and an MS
in Mathematics from Northwestern. in Mathematics from Northwestern.
The editors would like to once again thank the authors for their The editors would like to once again thank the authors for their
contributions to the book and presentations at the conference, which enabled the contributions to the book and presentations at the conference, which enabled the
creation of this volume. Further, we wish to express our gratitude to all referees creation of this volume. Further, we wish to express our gratitude to all referees
for their comments and suggestions for revising the papers. for their comments and suggestions for revising the papers.
We would like to mention our appreciation to Tina Dunn for her We would like to mention our appreciation to Tina Dunn for her
commitment to the ANNIE Conferences and her successful completion of ANNIE commitment to the ANNIE Conferences and her successful completion of ANNIE
2009, which is her fifth ANNIE Conference and publication. 2009, which is her fifth ANNIE Conference and publication.
Lastly, but most importantly, we would like to thank all of our families Lastly, but most importantly, we would like to thank all of our families
for their patience and support during the many long hours that it took to create for their patience and support during the many long hours that it took to create
yet another ANNIE, ANNIE 2009, and subsequently, this book. yet another ANNIE, ANNIE 2009, and subsequently, this book.
xiv xiv
Lastly, but most importantly, we would like to thank all of our families Lastly, but most importantly, we would like to thank all of our families
for their patience and support during the many long hours that it took to create for their patience and support during the many long hours that it took to create
yet another ANNIE, ANNIE 2009, and subsequently, this book. yet another ANNIE, ANNIE 2009, and subsequently, this book.
PART I: PART I:
ARCHITECTING COMPLEX ARCHITECTING COMPLEX
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO MODELING SYSTEM A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO MODELING SYSTEM
INTEGRATION SENSITIVITY FOR ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT INTEGRATION SENSITIVITY FOR ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT
Performance sensitivity resulting from system integration is a subject Performance sensitivity resulting from system integration is a subject
commonly left untreated in the system architecting and early systems commonly left untreated in the system architecting and early systems
engineering phases. Ambiguity in the physical architecture often leads system engineering phases. Ambiguity in the physical architecture often leads system
designers to ignore this emergent behavior even though it can greatly alter the designers to ignore this emergent behavior even though it can greatly alter the
intended system performance. New methods of probing integration sensitivity intended system performance. New methods of probing integration sensitivity
are being researched. These methods employ computationally intensive are being researched. These methods employ computationally intensive
methods to produce a set of performance predictions based on design variable methods to produce a set of performance predictions based on design variable
iterations. There are two shortcomings with this approach. First, the iterations. There are two shortcomings with this approach. First, the
computational intensity of the process limits the capacity to explore a large computational intensity of the process limits the capacity to explore a large
number of iterations. Second, a concise and computationally simple method is number of iterations. Second, a concise and computationally simple method is
needed to encode this data and present it to system designers. In this paper, an needed to encode this data and present it to system designers. In this paper, an
artificial neural network is proposed to address both of these issues. The multi- artificial neural network is proposed to address both of these issues. The multi-
layer perceptron neural network architecture is developed based on a limited layer perceptron neural network architecture is developed based on a limited
available data set. The results obtained are promising to support RF system available data set. The results obtained are promising to support RF system
development. development.
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
The objective of the system architecting process is to produce one or more The objective of the system architecting process is to produce one or more
architectural concepts to address specific user needs. User requirements are compiled architectural concepts to address specific user needs. User requirements are compiled
and transformed into functional architectures. Once these functional architectures are and transformed into functional architectures. Once these functional architectures are
refined and agreed upon, the architect searches for candidate physical architectures to refined and agreed upon, the architect searches for candidate physical architectures to
embody that functionality. Given the high cost and long schedule associated with system embody that functionality. Given the high cost and long schedule associated with system
development, there is a need for methods of assessing architectural concepts as early as development, there is a need for methods of assessing architectural concepts as early as
possible. One method of assessing the integration sensitivity of radio frequency (RF) possible. One method of assessing the integration sensitivity of radio frequency (RF)
system architectures is proposed in this paper. system architectures is proposed in this paper.
As with many other systems, RF systems are typically architected, specified, and As with many other systems, RF systems are typically architected, specified, and
built as self-contained systems with defined external system interfaces. A commonly built as self-contained systems with defined external system interfaces. A commonly
ignored interface is the one between the radiating aperture and the system’s installation ignored interface is the one between the radiating aperture and the system’s installation
environment. This is a complicated interface with characteristics that change based on environment. This is a complicated interface with characteristics that change based on
physical proximity to the surrounding structure. Three field regions exist around an physical proximity to the surrounding structure. Three field regions exist around an
antenna and commonly describe this changing interface. Figure 1 illustrates one antenna and commonly describe this changing interface. Figure 1 illustrates one
commonly accepted distinction between the field regions [1]. Specific criteria for commonly accepted distinction between the field regions [1]. Specific criteria for
determining the radiating far-field boundary are typically linked to metrics such as phase determining the radiating far-field boundary are typically linked to metrics such as phase
taper or the percent composition of the near-field component. In any case, there exists taper or the percent composition of the near-field component. In any case, there exists
these interface regions and each one affects the antenna performance differently. these interface regions and each one affects the antenna performance differently.
3 3
A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO MODELING SYSTEM A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO MODELING SYSTEM
INTEGRATION SENSITIVITY FOR ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT INTEGRATION SENSITIVITY FOR ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT
ABSTRACT ABSTRACT
Performance sensitivity resulting from system integration is a subject Performance sensitivity resulting from system integration is a subject
commonly left untreated in the system architecting and early systems commonly left untreated in the system architecting and early systems
engineering phases. Ambiguity in the physical architecture often leads system engineering phases. Ambiguity in the physical architecture often leads system
designers to ignore this emergent behavior even though it can greatly alter the designers to ignore this emergent behavior even though it can greatly alter the
intended system performance. New methods of probing integration sensitivity intended system performance. New methods of probing integration sensitivity
are being researched. These methods employ computationally intensive are being researched. These methods employ computationally intensive
methods to produce a set of performance predictions based on design variable methods to produce a set of performance predictions based on design variable
iterations. There are two shortcomings with this approach. First, the iterations. There are two shortcomings with this approach. First, the
computational intensity of the process limits the capacity to explore a large computational intensity of the process limits the capacity to explore a large
number of iterations. Second, a concise and computationally simple method is number of iterations. Second, a concise and computationally simple method is
needed to encode this data and present it to system designers. In this paper, an needed to encode this data and present it to system designers. In this paper, an
artificial neural network is proposed to address both of these issues. The multi- artificial neural network is proposed to address both of these issues. The multi-
layer perceptron neural network architecture is developed based on a limited layer perceptron neural network architecture is developed based on a limited
available data set. The results obtained are promising to support RF system available data set. The results obtained are promising to support RF system
development. development.
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
The objective of the system architecting process is to produce one or more The objective of the system architecting process is to produce one or more
architectural concepts to address specific user needs. User requirements are compiled architectural concepts to address specific user needs. User requirements are compiled
and transformed into functional architectures. Once these functional architectures are and transformed into functional architectures. Once these functional architectures are
refined and agreed upon, the architect searches for candidate physical architectures to refined and agreed upon, the architect searches for candidate physical architectures to
embody that functionality. Given the high cost and long schedule associated with system embody that functionality. Given the high cost and long schedule associated with system
development, there is a need for methods of assessing architectural concepts as early as development, there is a need for methods of assessing architectural concepts as early as
possible. One method of assessing the integration sensitivity of radio frequency (RF) possible. One method of assessing the integration sensitivity of radio frequency (RF)
system architectures is proposed in this paper. system architectures is proposed in this paper.
As with many other systems, RF systems are typically architected, specified, and As with many other systems, RF systems are typically architected, specified, and
built as self-contained systems with defined external system interfaces. A commonly built as self-contained systems with defined external system interfaces. A commonly
ignored interface is the one between the radiating aperture and the system’s installation ignored interface is the one between the radiating aperture and the system’s installation
environment. This is a complicated interface with characteristics that change based on environment. This is a complicated interface with characteristics that change based on
physical proximity to the surrounding structure. Three field regions exist around an physical proximity to the surrounding structure. Three field regions exist around an
antenna and commonly describe this changing interface. Figure 1 illustrates one antenna and commonly describe this changing interface. Figure 1 illustrates one
commonly accepted distinction between the field regions [1]. Specific criteria for commonly accepted distinction between the field regions [1]. Specific criteria for
determining the radiating far-field boundary are typically linked to metrics such as phase determining the radiating far-field boundary are typically linked to metrics such as phase
taper or the percent composition of the near-field component. In any case, there exists taper or the percent composition of the near-field component. In any case, there exists
these interface regions and each one affects the antenna performance differently. these interface regions and each one affects the antenna performance differently.
Figure 1. Antenna Environmental Interface Regions Figure 1. Antenna Environmental Interface Regions
It has been established in [2,3] that the environmental interface described can greatly It has been established in [2,3] that the environmental interface described can greatly
impact the RF system’s radiated performance. From a system architecting and early impact the RF system’s radiated performance. From a system architecting and early
systems engineering perspective, it would be desirable to assess a system concept’s systems engineering perspective, it would be desirable to assess a system concept’s
sensitivity to this environmental interface. A prediction of susceptibility could be used to sensitivity to this environmental interface. A prediction of susceptibility could be used to
refine a conceptual architecture, adjust derived Quality Function Deployment (QFD) refine a conceptual architecture, adjust derived Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
weights, improve risk likelihood and consequence estimation, and alter allocated design weights, improve risk likelihood and consequence estimation, and alter allocated design
specifications to account for installed performance deviation from assumed nominal specifications to account for installed performance deviation from assumed nominal
performance. performance.
It is proposed that one way to examine the susceptibility of an architectural concept It is proposed that one way to examine the susceptibility of an architectural concept
is to evaluate the integration sensitivity function associated with the installation is to evaluate the integration sensitivity function associated with the installation
environment and the environmental interfaces of the system. This function rarely exists environment and the environmental interfaces of the system. This function rarely exists
in closed form, but can be sampled via domain specific models and generalized by neural in closed form, but can be sampled via domain specific models and generalized by neural
networks. The generalized function approximation supports both quantitative and networks. The generalized function approximation supports both quantitative and
qualitative assessments of an architectural concept through executable modeling and qualitative assessments of an architectural concept through executable modeling and
assigning fuzzy memberships for decision making. assigning fuzzy memberships for decision making.
Typical installation environments are geometrically complex and consist of many Typical installation environments are geometrically complex and consist of many
different materials. Given a known installation environment, it should be possible to different materials. Given a known installation environment, it should be possible to
probe the candidate integration space and estimate the level of sensitivity produced by the probe the candidate integration space and estimate the level of sensitivity produced by the
associated coupling variables. One problem is that during the system architecting phase, associated coupling variables. One problem is that during the system architecting phase,
there is high design ambiguity associated with each of the system components. In other there is high design ambiguity associated with each of the system components. In other
words, a system architect is unlikely to know detailed performance specifications for the words, a system architect is unlikely to know detailed performance specifications for the
antenna that will eventually be designed. The solution is to probe the installation space antenna that will eventually be designed. The solution is to probe the installation space
with a representative canonical probe structure and perform a comparative analysis. A with a representative canonical probe structure and perform a comparative analysis. A
model iteration using the canonical probe will produce an associated performance model iteration using the canonical probe will produce an associated performance
estimate, but the magnitude of the calculated value is only as good as the assumption that estimate, but the magnitude of the calculated value is only as good as the assumption that
the canonical structure will be the selected aperture. Instead, the significance lies in the the canonical structure will be the selected aperture. Instead, the significance lies in the
deviation of the performance of the canonical structure in its integration environment deviation of the performance of the canonical structure in its integration environment
from that in free space. from that in free space.
A suitable canonical probe structure for omni-directional radiation is the half- A suitable canonical probe structure for omni-directional radiation is the half-
wavelength dipole. Its free space performance is well understood and omni-directional in wavelength dipole. Its free space performance is well understood and omni-directional in
the plane perpendicular to the dipole axis. In other words, the dipole far field gain is the plane perpendicular to the dipole axis. In other words, the dipole far field gain is
4 4
Figure 1. Antenna Environmental Interface Regions Figure 1. Antenna Environmental Interface Regions
It has been established in [2,3] that the environmental interface described can greatly It has been established in [2,3] that the environmental interface described can greatly
impact the RF system’s radiated performance. From a system architecting and early impact the RF system’s radiated performance. From a system architecting and early
systems engineering perspective, it would be desirable to assess a system concept’s systems engineering perspective, it would be desirable to assess a system concept’s
sensitivity to this environmental interface. A prediction of susceptibility could be used to sensitivity to this environmental interface. A prediction of susceptibility could be used to
refine a conceptual architecture, adjust derived Quality Function Deployment (QFD) refine a conceptual architecture, adjust derived Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
weights, improve risk likelihood and consequence estimation, and alter allocated design weights, improve risk likelihood and consequence estimation, and alter allocated design
specifications to account for installed performance deviation from assumed nominal specifications to account for installed performance deviation from assumed nominal
performance. performance.
It is proposed that one way to examine the susceptibility of an architectural concept It is proposed that one way to examine the susceptibility of an architectural concept
is to evaluate the integration sensitivity function associated with the installation is to evaluate the integration sensitivity function associated with the installation
environment and the environmental interfaces of the system. This function rarely exists environment and the environmental interfaces of the system. This function rarely exists
in closed form, but can be sampled via domain specific models and generalized by neural in closed form, but can be sampled via domain specific models and generalized by neural
networks. The generalized function approximation supports both quantitative and networks. The generalized function approximation supports both quantitative and
qualitative assessments of an architectural concept through executable modeling and qualitative assessments of an architectural concept through executable modeling and
assigning fuzzy memberships for decision making. assigning fuzzy memberships for decision making.
Typical installation environments are geometrically complex and consist of many Typical installation environments are geometrically complex and consist of many
different materials. Given a known installation environment, it should be possible to different materials. Given a known installation environment, it should be possible to
probe the candidate integration space and estimate the level of sensitivity produced by the probe the candidate integration space and estimate the level of sensitivity produced by the
associated coupling variables. One problem is that during the system architecting phase, associated coupling variables. One problem is that during the system architecting phase,
there is high design ambiguity associated with each of the system components. In other there is high design ambiguity associated with each of the system components. In other
words, a system architect is unlikely to know detailed performance specifications for the words, a system architect is unlikely to know detailed performance specifications for the
antenna that will eventually be designed. The solution is to probe the installation space antenna that will eventually be designed. The solution is to probe the installation space
with a representative canonical probe structure and perform a comparative analysis. A with a representative canonical probe structure and perform a comparative analysis. A
model iteration using the canonical probe will produce an associated performance model iteration using the canonical probe will produce an associated performance
estimate, but the magnitude of the calculated value is only as good as the assumption that estimate, but the magnitude of the calculated value is only as good as the assumption that
the canonical structure will be the selected aperture. Instead, the significance lies in the the canonical structure will be the selected aperture. Instead, the significance lies in the
deviation of the performance of the canonical structure in its integration environment deviation of the performance of the canonical structure in its integration environment
from that in free space. from that in free space.
A suitable canonical probe structure for omni-directional radiation is the half- A suitable canonical probe structure for omni-directional radiation is the half-
wavelength dipole. Its free space performance is well understood and omni-directional in wavelength dipole. Its free space performance is well understood and omni-directional in
the plane perpendicular to the dipole axis. In other words, the dipole far field gain is the plane perpendicular to the dipole axis. In other words, the dipole far field gain is
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