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Lenzs Law Project Class12

The project aims to study Lenz's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that the direction of induced current opposes the change causing it. Experiments demonstrate that induced current occurs only with motion and reverses direction with the magnet's movement, confirming the conservation of energy. Applications of Lenz's Law include electric brakes, induction cooktops, and metal detectors.

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600 views2 pages

Lenzs Law Project Class12

The project aims to study Lenz's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which states that the direction of induced current opposes the change causing it. Experiments demonstrate that induced current occurs only with motion and reverses direction with the magnet's movement, confirming the conservation of energy. Applications of Lenz's Law include electric brakes, induction cooktops, and metal detectors.

Uploaded by

reddykvkp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Project on Lenz’s Law

Aim: To study and demonstrate Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.

Introduction
Michael Faraday discovered that whenever the magnetic flux linked with a closed
circuit changes, an induced emf is produced. This phenomenon is known as
electromagnetic induction. Heinrich Lenz (1834) formulated Lenz’s Law, which
states: “The direction of the induced current is such that it opposes the
cause which produces it.” This law is in accordance with the principle of
conservation of energy.

Apparatus / Materials Required


• Strong bar magnet
• Copper or aluminium conducting coil / solenoid
• Galvanometer (sensitive)
• Connecting wires
• Metal tube (copper/aluminium)
• Non-magnetic tube (plastic/glass)
• Iron nail / rod

Theory
1. When the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an emf is induced: Induced
emf (e) = - dΦB/dt The negative sign (from Faraday’s law) is explained by Lenz’s
Law. 2. If a north pole of a magnet is moved towards a coil, the induced current in
the coil creates its own magnetic field with a north pole facing the incoming magnet
(to oppose it). 3. If the magnet is withdrawn, the induced current reverses direction
so that its magnetic field attracts the magnet, again opposing the change. 4. Falling
magnet in copper tube experiment: - A magnet falls slowly through a conducting
(copper/aluminium) tube due to opposing eddy currents (Lenz’s Law). - Through a
plastic tube, it falls freely.

Procedure
(a) Coil and Magnet Experiment: 1. Connect the coil to a galvanometer. 2. Move a
bar magnet quickly towards the coil – the galvanometer needle deflects. 3. Pull the
magnet away – the needle deflects in the opposite direction. (b) Falling Magnet
Experiment: 1. Drop a magnet through a non-magnetic plastic tube – it falls
normally. 2. Drop the same magnet through a copper tube – it falls slowly. Eddy
currents in the copper tube oppose the motion.

Observations
• Induced current is produced only when the magnet is in motion (flux change).
• The direction of induced current reverses when the direction of motion of the
magnet is reversed.
• In the copper tube, the magnet falls slowly due to eddy currents opposing
motion.

Conclusion
Lenz’s Law is verified: induced current always opposes the cause that produces it.
This proves the principle of conservation of energy in electromagnetic induction.

Applications of Lenz’s Law


• Electric brakes in trains (eddy current braking).
• Induction cooktops.
• Energy meters (aluminium discs rotate due to eddy currents).
• Magnetic damping in galvanometers.
• Metal detectors.

Precautions
• Use a sensitive galvanometer for accurate observation.
• Move the magnet quickly and steadily for visible deflections.
• Ensure proper insulation of wires and good connections.

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