GENG 231 Materials Science

Semester: Spring 2024 Department: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Brief Lab. Report (Experiment 1 )

On

“Tensile test”

Group Number:5

Student Names:
farah Al-abdli B53 202009061
norah naji B54 20192149
noor Alfadhli B53 202104603
latifa Alsubaie B52 202203114
Wadha Al-Abi B53 202007281

Teaching Assistant: Dr.Enas Fares

Date (Received): / /____ Date (Submitted): Saturday 17 February

Introduction
2 Points
Write a brief (in your own words) introduction on (1) what is Tensile Testing and (2) why it is
important (one paragraph).

Tensile testing is a destructive test where excessive force is applied to the edges of the material,
causing it to deform and eventually break. This method is crucial for determining values such
as tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility, providing vital data for understanding the
mechanical properties of materials. With this information, materials engineers can make
informed decisions about which materials are suitable for various applications. Tensile testing
finds applications in diverse fields, including selecting strong yet lightweight materials for cars,
testing the durability of wearable fabrics, and measuring the strength and elongation of plastics
used in packaging. In summary, tensile testing plays a pivotal role in ensuring safety, quality
control, and design optimization across industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction,
and manufacturing.

Test Results
6 Points
Insert Stress-Strain curve for each material (you may add test photos). Submit the Excel file
containing data points with this report.

Material Stress-Strain curve

Steel
Aluminum

Brass
 Data Analysis 5 Points
From the obtained curves, find out the following mechanical properties for all materials. Do
not forget to show complete sample calculations.
Young’s modulus [𝐸],

E=slope=______

Al=1.395MPa Brass=4.59MPa Steel=1.521MPa

Yield Stress [𝜎𝑦 ],

Al=0.165 Brass=0.06 Steel=0.38

Tensile Stress [𝜎𝑇𝑆 ],

Al=0.21 Brass=0.462 Steel=0.46

Fracture Stress [𝜎𝐹𝑟 ],

Al=0.16 Brass=0.428 Steel=0.29

Modulus of Resilience [𝑈𝑟 ], and

Al=0.00048438 Brass=0.005125 Steel=0.003938 MPa

Material Ductility [%𝐸𝑙 & %𝑅𝐴].

Al=19.714% & 36% Brass=10.513% & Steel=23% & 30.556%

12.89%
 yield stress 5 :

steel

Ey = 0 . 002
&
- draw straight parallel line to curve

-
dy is the stress at intersection .

4 = 0 . 38 Mpa

. :02

Aluminum

165
& = 0 .
Mpa

..

s 23

Brass

0 06 Mpa
5
.
=

-/
0 .
06

oos

is
 Tensile stress Ots & Fracture stress
af :

Tis is the Max stress material can

carry

the last point in the curve

O is

steel

*
= 0 .
46 Mpa

- = 0 .
29 Mpa
Fr
>
-
*

Aluminum

I
21
# = 0

·
.
&

&
Fr = 0 .

16

Brass

T *

or = 0 .
462
TS

& = 0 . 4 .8 .

Fr
Modulus of resilience Ur & Toughness Material
+
ductility
Ur : Area under elastic region , Area of triangle =
↓bh
+b
Toughness : Area under elastic & plastic region , area of trapezoid =
a .
n

Material ductility : indicated by elongation% or reduction in area%

steel

I
&

Ur =
1 x0 .
022 x 0 . 358 = 0 .
003938 Ma

23 %
00El = 7 006
xloo
.
·

= =

Lo 30

1
-

(π()x100
I
&

olous qπ
%RA %
-

= = 30 . 556
9π

Aluminum

Ur = +< 0 .
00625 x 0 .
155 =
0 .
00048438 Mpa
2

00E = I 6 9143 19 714 %

.

x100 =
.

Lo 30

(π(28)) x 100
. 025 .
0 025
4π-
%RA 36 %
0 00
.
62S
= =

9π

Brass

Ur =
- x 0 . 025 x 0 .
41 = 0 .
005125 MPa

00El = =
3 164
.

x 100 = 10 513 %.

Lo 30

os
%RA =
9π-
(π(66)) x 100 = 12 89 % .

9π
Conclusion
2 Points

Based on the preformed experiment on the selected materials ( brass, steel, and aluminum)
and the collected data, steel is the strongest and most ductile. Of the three, aluminum has the
highest ductility, with steel and brass coming in second and third, respectively. In terms of
strength, steel outperforms both brass and aluminum, which exhibited the least strength
among the three materials. According to the given fracture stress of the three materials, brass
is the least brittle, and aluminum is the most brittle.

To justify, ductility is the capacity of a material to experience significant plastic deformation

prior to rupturing or breaking. Because of its atomic structure, aluminum is flexible and
resistant to breaking, even under extreme deformation.

Brittleness is defined as a material's tendency to fracture or break without undergoing

significant plastic deformation. Aluminum has a lower level of brittleness compared to the
other materials. Brass has the highest fracture stress (0.428 MPa) among the three making it
the least brittle of them. While the lowest fracture stress is aluminum (0.16 MPa), making it
the most brittle among the three.

Steel is the strongest material due to its crystalline structure and alloying elements (carbon
and iron), which contribute to its noticeable strength when compared to aluminum and brass.

In brief, the choice between aluminum, brass, and steel depends on the specific requirements
of the application. Aluminum excels in ductility, steel in strength, and brass finds a balance
between the two. Each material has its own set of mechanical properties, influencing its
suitability for diverse industrial and manufacturing uses.

References (if you used any)

For example: Text Books, Handbooks, Journal papers, Web sites

1. Brittleness. (2023, September 9). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittleness

2. Tensile Test Experiment. (2023, November 7). Michigan Technological University.

https://www.mtu.edu/materials/k12/experiments/tensile/#:~:text=Tensile%20Tests%2
0Procedures%20for%20Composites&text=A%20material%20is%20gripped%20at,ma
terial%20length%20change%2C%20or%20displacement.
3. Xometry, T. (2023, April 28). Ductility and Malleability Explained: Key Differences.
Xometry. https://www.xometry.com/resources/materials/ductility-vs-
malleability/#:~:text=Ductility%20is%20the%20ability%20of,compressive%20rather
%20than%20tensile%20stress.

4. Tensile test power point provided by the instructor.