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? Overview of World Religions Mentioned

The document provides an overview of major world religions, highlighting their key beliefs and practices. It details the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire, including significant events such as the founding of Constantinople, the reign of Justinian I, and the Great Schism of 1054. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 led to political, trade, and cultural shifts, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire.

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Zejan Requiza
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2 views2 pages

? Overview of World Religions Mentioned

The document provides an overview of major world religions, highlighting their key beliefs and practices. It details the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire, including significant events such as the founding of Constantinople, the reign of Justinian I, and the Great Schism of 1054. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 led to political, trade, and cultural shifts, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire.

Uploaded by

Zejan Requiza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🌍 Overview of World Religions Mentioned

 Islam – Follows the Five Pillars; emphasizes ethical living.


 Confucianism – blends spiritual and temporal aspects of human life.
 Sikhism – belief in reincarnation of the soul.
 Hinduism – oldest major religion, originating in India; focuses on dharma and karma.
 Judaism – monotheistic faith based on the Torah.
 Shinto – connects humanity with the physical world; seen as a path to the divine.
 Christianity – centered on the teachings of Jesus Christ; promotes non-violence
toward people, animals, and plants.
 Buddhism – founded by Gautama Buddha; sees suffering as caused by material
greed.
Definition: A religion or belief system shapes cultural identity, daily practices, and
worldviews.

Birth and Rise of the Byzantine Empire


 330 CE – Emperor Constantine the Great establishes Constantinople (formerly
Byzantium) as the new capital.
 476 CE – Western Roman Empire falls; Eastern half continues as the Byzantine
Empire.
 Justinian I (reigned 527–565) restores former Western territories and ushers in a
golden age.
Period Key Event Significance
330 CE Founding of New political & cultural hub
Constantinople
476 CE Fall of Western Rome Begins Medieval period
527– Reign of Justinian I Legal reforms, architectural achievements
565 CE
1054 CE Great Schism Formal split between Eastern and Western
Churches
1453 CE Ottoman conquest End of Byzantine Empire

✝️Great Schism of 1054 – East vs. West


Aspect Western (Roman Eastern (Byzantine/Orthodox)
Catholic)
Head of Church Pope (supreme authority) Patriarch (appointed by
emperor)
Icon Use Allowed Initially banned (iconoclasm)
Liturgical Latin Greek
Language
Divorce Forbidden Permitted
Clerical Marriage Forbidden Allowed (priests could marry)
Quote: “The Great Schism created two distinct branches of Christianity, each shaping its own
theological and cultural trajectory.”

📜 Legal and Architectural Legacy of Justinian


 Corpus Juris Civilis (Code of Justinian) – compilation of Roman laws that became the
foundation for many modern legal systems.
 Hagia Sophia – monumental cathedral symbolizing imperial power and Christian faith.
Item Description lasting impact
Code of Systematized Roman statutes & Influenced civil law in Europe, the
Justinian juristic writings Middle East, and beyond
Hagia Massive domed church (later Architectural model for Ottoman
Sophia mosque) mosques; cultural icon

Defenses of Constantinople
 Thick double walls surrounding the city.
 Massive chain across the Golden Horn to block hostile ships.

⚔️Siege and Fall of Constantinople (1453)


1. Leader: Sultan Mehmed II (“the Conqueror”).
2. Strategy:
o Deploy massive cannons to breach walls.
o Blockade sea and land routes.
o Drag ships over land into the Golden Horn to bypass the chain.
3. Duration: ~2 months of intense fighting.
4. Outcome: City captured on May 29, 1453; Constantine XI Palaiologos killed.
Principle: Strategic innovation can overcome even the strongest fortifications.
🌐 Consequences of the Fall
Political & Military Shifts
 End of the Byzantine Empire; Ottoman Empire rises as dominant power in Eastern
Mediterranean.
 Eastern Orthodox Church loses its political center, leading to increased Islamic
influence in Europe’s perception.
Trade Realignment
 Ottoman control of the Silk Road disrupts traditional Europe-Asia spice routes.
 European powers launch age of exploration to find alternative sea routes (Columbus,
Vasco da Gama, Magellan).
Cultural & Intellectual Impact
 Greek scholars flee to Italy, bringing classical manuscripts that spark the
Renaissance.
 Ongoing artistic and technological exchange between Muslim and Christian worlds
enriches both civilizations.
Impact Immediate Effect Long-term Result
Area
Politics Ottoman dominance Shift of power from Byzantium to Istanbul
Trade Closure of overland routes Maritime exploration & colonial expansion
Culture Loss of Eastern Christian Renaissance revival of classical knowledge
hub
Religion Weakening of Orthodox Rise of Islamic architecture (e.g., Hagia Sophia
authority → mosque)

📚 Key Figures & Terms Quick Reference


 Constantine the Great – Founder of Constantinople, made Christianity the empire’s
official religion.
 Justinian I – Emperor who codified Roman law and built Hagia Sophia.
 Mehmed II – Sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453.
 Great Schism – 1054 split between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
 Golden Horn – Natural harbor of Constantinople, strategically blocked during the
siege.

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