NEET

HkkSfrdh
MODULE 5

/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko

pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
çR;korhZ /kkjk
oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxsa
 loZe çkFkZuk
gedks eu dh 'kfä] nsuk eu fot; djsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys [kqn dh t; djsa
gedks eu dh 'kfä] nsuk eu fot; djsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys [kqn dh t; djsa

Hksn&Hkko vius fny ls lkQ dj ldsa

nwljksa ls Hkwy gks rks ekQ dj ldsa
>wB ls cps jgsa] lp dk ne Hkjsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys [kqn dh t; djsa
gedks eu dh 'kfä] nsuk eu fot; djsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys [kqn dh t; djsa

eqf'dysa iM+s rks ge is] bruk deZ djsa

lkFk ns rks /keZ dk] pysa rks /keZ ij
[kqnis gkslyk jgs] cnh ls uk Mjsa
nwljksa dh t; ls igys] [kqn dks t; djsa
 INDEX
S. No. Chapter Name Page No.

1. /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko

Theory and Exercise 1.1 to 1.8 1 – 48

Exercise 2 49 – 51

Exercise 3 52 – 53

Exercise 4 (Previous Year’s Questions) 54 – 58

Answer Key 59 – 60

2. pqEcdRo ,oa æO;

Theory and Exercise 1.1 to 1.4 61 – 84

Exercise 2 85 – 85

Exercise 3 86 – 87

Exercise 4 (Previous Year’s Questions) 88 – 89

Answer Key 90

3. oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k

Theory and Exercise 1.1 to 1.9 91 – 130

Exercise 2 131 – 133

Exercise 3 134 – 135

Exercise 4 (Previous Year’s Questions) 136 – 138

Answer Key 139 – 140

4. çR;korhZ /kkjk
Theory and Exercise 1.1 to 1.9 141 – 187

Exercise 2 188 – 190

Exercise 3 191 – 193

Exercise 4 (Previous Year’s Questions) 194 – 197

Answer Key 198 – 200

S. No. Chapter Name Page No.

5. oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxsa
Theory and Exercise 1.1 to 1.4 201 – 214

Exercise 2 215 – 216

Exercise 3 217 – 217

Exercise 4 (Previous Year’s Questions) 218 – 219

Answer Key 220

/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS

Chapter
/kkjk ds pqEcdh;
1
izHkko
v/;k; voyksdu ifjp;
fiNys v/;k;ksa esa geus bl ckr ij ppkZ dh gS fd fdl çdkj dksbZ
– ifjp; vkosf'kr oLrq oS|qr {ks= mRiUu djrh gSA blh çdkj pqacd] vius pkjksa
– fo|qr/kkjk vo;o ds dkj.k vksj ds f=foe ds lHkh fcUnqvksa ij pqacdh; {ks= uked ,d {ks= mRiUu
pqacdh; {ks= : ck;ks-lkoVZ fu;e djrh gSA
– ck;ks-lkoVZ fu;e ds vuqç;ksx yxHkx 200 o"kZ igys] 1820 esa ;g irk pyk Fkk fd fo|qr vkSj
pqacdRo] nksuksa gh ,d&nwljs ls csgn xgjkbZ ls tqM+s gSaA ,d O;k[;ku
– ,sEih;j dk ifjiFk fu;e çn'kZu ds nkSjku] mp HkkSfrdfoKkuh gSal fØf'p;u vkWjLVsM us ;g ns[kk
– pqacdh; cy fd ,d lh/ks rkj esa fo|qr/kkjk çokfgr djus ij ikl gh j[ks gq, pqacdh;
– pqacdh; {ks= esa vkosf'kr d.k dh fnd&lwpd dh lqbZ esa lqLi"V fo{ksi mRiUu gqvkA
xfr vkWjLVsM us ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd xfreku vkos'k vFkok /kkjk,a vius
– la;qDr fo|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= ifjos'kh f=foe esa pqacdh; {ks= mRiUu djrs gSaA
esa ,d vkosf'kr d.k dh xfr bl v/;k; esa ge ns[ksaxs fd fdl çdkj pqacdh; {ks= xfreku vkosf'kr
d.kksa] tSls fd bySDVª‚u] çksV‚u vkSj fo|qr/kkjkokgh rkjksa ij cy vkjksfir
– fo|qr /kkjkokgh pkyd ij
djrk gSA ge ;g Hkh lh[ksaxs fd fdl çdkj fo|qr/kkjk pqacdh; {ks=
pqacdh; cy mRiUu djrh gSA ge ns[ksaxs fd fdl çdkj fdlh lkbDyksVª‚u esa d.kksa
– fo|qr/kkjk ik'k ij cy vk?kw.kZ] dks csgn mPp ÅtkZvksa rd Rofjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ge ;g v/;;u
pqacdh; f}/kqo djsaxs fd fdl çdkj fdlh /kkjkekih }kjk fo|qr/kkjk vkSj oksYVrk dk
– vkosf'kr pkyd oLrq dk ?kw.kZu lalwpu gksrk gSA
– midj.k
1. fo|qr/kkjk vo;o ds dkj.k pqacdh; {ks= : ck;ks-lkoVZ fu;e
fuEukafdr fp= ,d ifjfer yEckbZ okyk pkyd XY x
n'kkZrk gS ftlesa ls fo|qr/kkjk I çokfgr gks jgh gSA
pkyd ds vfrvYi vo;o d ij fopkj djsaA bl
i P
vo;o ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks= dB dk θ
fu/kkZj.k fcUnq P ij fd;k tkuk gS tks fd blls r �����⃗ r⃗
 id
nwjh ij gSA eku ysrs gSa fd id vkSj foLFkkiu
 
lfn'k r ds chp dk dks.k θ gSA id dh fn'kk]
fo|qr/kkjk dh fn'kk ds leku gh gksxhA Y
ck;ks&lkoVZ fu;e ds vuqlkj
 
 id × r  µ0 id × r
dB ∝ 3 ⇒ dB = 3
r 4π r

Sarvam Career Institute 1

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
µ0
;gk¡ vuqØekuqikrh fu;rkad gSA mijksä O;atd rc ykxw gksrk gS tc ek/;e fuokZr gksA bl {ks= dk ifjek.k
4π
 µ id sin θ
| dB |= 0
4π r 2
µ
S.I. bdkbZ esa vuqØekuqikrh fu;rkad dk ;FkkFkZ eku 0 = 10−7 Tm / A gS] ge bls eqä f=foe ¼vFkok fuokZr½ dh
4π
µ
ikjxE;rk dgrs gSA c.g.s ç.kkyh esa 0 dk eku bdkbZ ¼,d½ gksrk gSA
4π

    

dB dh fn'kk (Direction dB ) dB dh fn'kk LokHkkfod :i ls id × r ds lfn'k xq.kuQy dh fn'kk ds leku

gh gksxhA bls nf{k.k gLr isp fu;e vFkok nf{k.k gLr fu;e }kjk fu:fir fd;k tkrk gSA ;gka dB , ml ry ds
 
vfHkyacor gS ftlesa id vkSj r fLFkr gSa vkSj mldh fn'kk vUnj dh vksj gSA ;fn fcUnq P] fo|qr/kkjk vo;o ds
  
ckbZ vksj gks rks dB ] ml ry ds vfHkyacor gksxk ftlesa id vkSj r fLFkr gSa vkSj mldh fn'kk ckgj dh vksj
gksxhA

ck;ks&lkoVZ fu;e vkSj dwyke ds fu;e ds chp dh lekurk,a ,oa fHkUurk,a :

(i) nksuksa gh nh?kZ&ijkl okys gSa pwfd nksuksa gh lzksr ,oa okafNr fcanq ds chp dh nwjh ds oxZ ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksr s
gSaA
(ii) nksuksa gh {ks=ksa ij v/;kjksi.k dk fl)kUr ykxw gksrk gSA
(iii) ftl çdkj fLFkjoS|qr {ks=] vius lzksr ¼vkos'k½ ds vUnj jSf[kd gksrk gS Bhd mlh çdkj pqacdh; {ks= Hkh vius

lzksr ( id ) ds vanj jSf[kd gksrk gSA
(iv) fLFkjoS|qr {ks= ,d vfn'k lzksr] uker: fo|qr vkos'k }kjk mRiUu gksrk gSA pqacdh; {ks=] ,d lfn'k lzksr

( id ) }kjk mRiUu gksrk gSA
(v) fLFkjoS|qr {ks=] lzksr ,oa {ks= fcUnq dks tksM+us okys foLFkkiu lfn'k ds vuqfn'k gksrk gSA pqacdh; {ks=] ml ry
 
ds yacor gksrk gS ftlesa foLFkkiu lfn'k r vkSj fo|qr/kkjk vo;o id fLFkr gksrs gSaA
(vi) ck;ks&lkoVZ fu;e esa dks.k ij fuHkZjrk gksrh gSA ;g fuHkZjrk fLFkjoS|qr {ks= esa mifLFkr ugha gksrhA fdlh Hkh

fcanq ij id dh fn'kk esa pqacdh; {ks= 'kwU; gksrk gSA

Example 1:
,d rkj] mRrj&nf{k.k fn'kk ds vuqfn'k j[kk gqvk gSA blesa nf{k.k ls mŸkj dh vksj 10 A dh èkkjk izokfgr gksrh
gS 1 cm rkj ds vYika'k ds dkj.k mRrj&iwoZ esa 200 cm nwj fLFkr fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr fdft,A
Solution:
fp= esa fLFkfr n'kkZ;h x;h gS rkj ls P dh nwjh rkj dh yEckbZ ls vfèkd gSA ge rkj dks ,d y?kq vYika'k eku
ldrs gSA pqEcdh; {ks= fuEu gksxk&
 P
 µ 0 d × r µ id sin θ N
dB = i or dB = 0 r⃗
4π r 3 4πr 2 d⃗
−2 45° W E
–7 (10 m)sin45º
–1
= (10 T mA ) (10 A)
(2m)2
–9
S
= 1.8 × 10 T
  
B dh fn'kk d  × r ds leku gksxh fp= ls ;g mèokZèkj uhps dh vksj gksxh

2C Sarvam Career Institute

/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
2. ck;ks-lkoVZ fu;e ds vuqç;ksx
2.1 irys lhèks èkkjkogh pkyd ds pkjksa vksj pqEcdh; {ks=
,d lhèks pkyd AB esa B ls A dh vksj I èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA ,d fcUnq P dh AB ls yEcor~ nwjh OP =a
gS] bl fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk dkxt ds ry ds yEcor~ vUnj dh vksj gS ¼Økl }kjk iznf'kZr½
2
 = a tan θ ⇒ d a sec θdθ ...(i)
α = 90°– θ rFkk r = a sec θ
ck;ks&lkoVZ fu;e }kjk fcUnq P ij èkkjk vYika'k id ds dkj.k
 µ0 Id sin α
=dB ⊗
4π r2
AB rkj ds dkj.k
µ0 Id sin α µ0 I {a sec2 θ dθ}cos θ
⇒ B = ∫ dB = ∫
4π ∫
⇒B=
4π r2 (a sec θ)2
µ0 I
4π a ∫
∴B= cos θdθ

lekdyu dh lhek,¡ ls ysus ij – φ2 to φ1

φ
µ0 I 1 µI
cos θdθ = 0 [ sin θ]−φ1
φ
=B ∫
4πa −φ2 4πa 2

µ0 I
= [sin φ1 + sin φ2] (vUnj dh vksj)
4πa
α1 = 90 - φ1 ⇒ φ1 = 90 – α1
α2 = 90 - φ2 ⇒ φ2 = 90 – α2
µ0 I
∴B= (cos α1 + cos α2)
4πa

2.1.1 ck;ks&lkorZ fu;e ij vfrfjä mnkgj.k

θ i
i α
(i) r β P (ii)
α
φ P
r

µ0 i µ0 i µ0 i
=BP [sin α +=
sin β] [cos θ + cos φ] =BP [sin α]
4πr 4πr 4πr
∞ rd
i
i
(iii) (iv) P
r
α
β
P
r ∞ rd
µ0 i µ0 i
=BP [sin α − sin β] =
Bp ⊗
4πr 2πr
Sarvam Career Institute 3
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
∞ rd ∞ rd
r
i α P
i
(v) (vi)
r
P
izkjfEHkd fcanq
izkjfEHkd fcanq
µ0 i µ0 i
=
BP ⊗ =BP [sin α + 1]
4πr 4πr
b

(vii) a i
O

8µ0 i a2 + b2
=BO ⊗
4π ab
8 2µ0 i
tc a = b B0 =
4πa

Example 2:
fuEu ds dkj.k fcUnq P ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft,A

Ι a Ι a
(a) P (b) a Ι (c) P
 a P 60º
a
Solution:
 
(a) ;gka Id  & r ,d nwljs ds lekUrj gSA vr% a
  → I
Id  × r = 0 30°
a P
;gka Bp = 0 30°
60°
(b) ;gka r = a sin 60°, φ1 = φ2 = 30° a
µ0 I
BP = [sin 30° + sin 30°] ⊗
4π a sin 60º
µ0 I
BP = ⊗
2 3πa

I a 90°
(c) 30° P

;gka r = a, φ1 = 90° φ2 = 30°

µ0 I
BP = [sin90° + sin30°] 
4πa
3 µ0 I
BP =  ¼lrg ls ckgj dh vksj½
8 πa
4C Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Example 3:
yEcs lhèks rkj esa 50 Amp èkkjk izokfgr gSA rkj ls 0.4 m dh yEcor nwjh ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft,A
Solution:
µ0 I 4π× 10−7 × 50
B= =
2πa 2π× 0.4
–5
B = 2.5 × 10 T

Example 4:
I èkkjkokgh a Hkqtk ds ,d oxkZdkj :i esa eqM+s gq, ,d dq.Myh ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; izsj.k ds fy, O;atd Kkr
dhft, ?+
Solution:
oxZ ds dsUnz ij dq.Myh ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks=] dkxt ds ry ds vUnj gS rFkk bldk a
ifjek.k fdlh Hkh Hkqtk }kjk mRiUu {ks= dk pkj xquk gS A blfy, I 45°
45°
µ0 I 2 2µ0 I
B=4× (sin45° + sin 45°) =
4πa / 2 πa

Example 5:
fp= ,d leku rkj ls cus ,d oxkZdkj ywi dks n'kkZrk gSA fcUnq A rFkk C ds eè; ,d csVªh tqM+h gqbZ gSA oxZ ds
dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft,A
D C

i
A B

Solution:
èkkjk A ij leku:i ls foHkkftr gksxhA rkj AB rFkk DC esa èkkjk ds dkj.k dsUnz ij {ks= D C
ifjek.k esa cjkcj rFkk fn'kk esa foijhr gksxkA bu nksuksa {ks= dk ifj.kkeh “kwU; gksxkA blh i
rjg rkj AD rFkk BC ds dkj.k {ks= dk ifj.kkeh “kwU; gksxk] vr% dsUnz ij dqy {ks= “kwU; 2
gksxkA i
A i B
2
Example 6:
ewy fcUnq ij pqqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft, \

I
(a,a)

Solution:
x-v{k rFkk y-v{k ds vuqfn'k vYika'k ds dkj.k O ewy fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= “kwU; gksxk rFkk “ks’k vYika'k ds
dkj.k ry ds vUnj gksxk rFkk izR;sd izfrPNsfnr dks.k 45° dk gksxkA
µ0 I µ0 I
So BO = 2 [sin45° + sin0°] ⊗ = ⊗
4πa 2 2πa
Sarvam Career Institute 5
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Example 7:
vuUr yEckbZ okys nks fLFkj eqM+s gq, rkjksa dk ;qXe x-y ry fp= esa n'kkZ;s vuqlkj j[kk gqvk gSA izR;sd rkj esa
10 A dh èkkjk n'kkZ;s vuqlkj izokfgr gks jgh gSA L o M x-v{k ds vuqfn'k gSA Hkkx P o Q, y-v{k ds vuqfn'k bl
izdkj gS fd OS = OR = 0.02 m gSA ewy fcUnq O ij pqEcdh; izsj.k dk ifjek.k ,oa fn'kk Kkr dhft;sA

I Q
R O S
L M
P I

Solution:
pwafd fcUnq O, Hkkx L o M ds vuqfn'k gS vr% bu Hkkxksa ds dkj.k O ij pqEcdh; {ks= 'kwU; gksxkA
µ0 I ˆ µ I ˆ
= (k) + 0 (k) [as RO = SO = d]
4π d 4π d
 µ 2I ˆ
vr% BR = 0   (k) fn;s x;s eku j[kus ij,
4π  d 
 –7 2 × 10 ˆ –4 ˆ
BR = 10 × (k) = 10 (k)
0.02
–4
B = 10 T rFkk (+z) fn'kk esa

Exercise 1.1

1. ,d xfr'khy vkos'k mRiUu djrk gS & 3. ;fn fuokZr dh ikjxE;rk µ0 ,oa vkisf{kd
(1) dsoy fo|qr {ks= ikjxE;rk µr gks rks ekè;e dh ikjxE;rk gksxh -
(2) dsoy pqEcdh; {ks= µ0
(3) ;g nksuksa gh (1)
µr
(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(2) µ0 × µr
µ0
2. ,d /kkjkokgh vo;o ds fy, ck;ks&lkorZ fu;e dk (3)
µr
lfn'k :i gSA
 µ id sin φ 1
(4)
(1) dB = 0 µ0µr
4π r2
→
 µ id × rˆ
(2) dB = 0 4. ,d yEcs lh/ks rkj ls π ,fEi;j /kkjk izokfgr gks
4π r 2
→ jgh gSA blds dkj.k 5 × 10–5 T dk ,d pqEcdh;
 µ id × rˆ
(3) dB = 0 {ks= rkj ls fdruh nwjh ij mRiUu gksxk&
4π r 3 4
(1) 10 µ0m
 µ0 id × r
→
4
(4) dB = (2) 10 /µ0 m
4π r 2 6
(3) 10 µ0 m
8
(4) 10 µ0 m

6C Sarvam Career Institute

/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
5. fp= esa èkkjkokgh rkjksa ds eè; fLFkr eè; fcUnq P 9. ,d yEcs lhèks pkyd esa 2 A dh èkkjk izokfgr gks
ij pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk%& jgh gSaA rkj ls 5 m dh yEcor~ nwjh ij pqEcdh;
izsj.k gksxkA
P –8 –8
5A 2.5A (1) 4 × 10 T (2) 8 × 10 T
–8 –8
2.5m (3) 12 × 10 T (4) 16 × 10 T
5m
µ0 µ0 10. ,d yEcs lhèks èkkjkokgh rkj ls r nwjh ij fdlh
(1)  (2) ⊗ fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= dh rhozrk B gSA r/2 nwjh ij
4π π
µ µ {ks= dh rhozrk gksxh&
(3) 0 ⊗ (4) 0 
2π 2π (1) B/2 (2) B/4
(3) 4B (4) 2B
6. fp=uqlkj nks vuUr yEckbZ ds fo|qr jksèkh rkj
ijLij yEcor j[ks gSA muesa Øe'k% 2 A rFkk 11. a Hkqtk okys rkj ds ,d oxZ esa 'i' èkkjk izokfgr gksrh
1.5 A dh èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA P fcUnq ij gSA oxZ ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; izsj.k gksxk&
pqEcdh; izsj.k dk eku gksxkA (fuokZr dh pqEcdh; ikjxE;rk = µ0)
i1 i2 µ0 i µ0 i 2
(1) (2)
3cm 2πa πa
4cm P 2 2µ0 i µ0 i
(3) (4)
πa 2π a
–3 –5
(1) 2 × 10 N/A-m (2) 2 × 10 N/A-m
(3) 'kwU;
–4
(4) 2 × 10 N/A-m 12. le:i oxkZdkj Ýseksa ls fp=kuqlkj èkkjk izokfgr
gksrh gSA dkSulh fLFkfr esa Ýse ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh;
7. nks vuUr yEckbZ ds lekUrj rkjksa esa leku èkkjk {ks= 'kwU; ugha gksxk \
leku fn'kk esa izokfgr gksrh gSA bu rkjksa ds chp
eè;fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= gS %&
(1) izR;sd rkj }kjk mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= dk nqxuk (1) (2)
(2) izR;sd rkj }kjk mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= dk vkèkk
(3) izR;sd rkj }kjk mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= ds oxZ
(3) (4)
ds cjkcj
(4) 'kwU;

8. a Hkqtk ds leckgq f=Hkqt eas i ,fEi;j èkkjk izokfgr 13. rhu vuUr yEcs rkjksa esa] èkukRed x, y rFkk z fn'kk
gksrh gSA f=Hkqt ds dsUæ ij pqEcdh; izsj.k gksxkA ds vuqfn'k leku èkkjk i izokfgr gks jgh gSA fcUnq
µ0 i (0, 0, –a) ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k gksxk%&
(1)
µ0 i
3 3πa (1)
2πa
(ˆj − ˆi )
3µ0 i
(2) µi
2πa (2) 0
2πa
(ˆj + ˆi )
5 2µ0 i
(3) µi
3πa (3) 0
2πa
(ˆi − ˆj )
9µ0 i
(4)
2πa µi
(4) 0
2πa
(ˆi + ˆj + kˆ )
Sarvam Career Institute 7
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
14. nks vuUr yEckbZ ds js[kh; lqpkyd ijLij 18. ,d /kkjkokgh pkyd rkj esa /kkjk mÙkj dh vksj
,d&nwljs ds yEcor~ la;ksftr gSa rFkk fp= esa izokfgr gSA rks rkj ds Bhd uhps fLFkr fcUnq ij
fn[kk;s vuqlkj ijLij yEcor ry esa gSA ;fn v{k pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk gksxh:-
ds vuqfn'k I1 = 2 A rFkk _.kkRed z–v{k ds (1) mÙkj dh vksj (2) nf{k.k dh vksj
vuqfn'k I2 = 3 A rFkk AP = AB = 1 cm gks rks fcUnq (3) iwoZ dh vksj (4) if'pe dh vksj

'P' ij pqEcdh; {ks= B gS
19. ,d Å/kZ~ok/kj rkj esa /kkjk uhps dh vksj çokfgr gSA
I1 I2 rkj ds Bhd nk¡;h vksj fLFkr fcUnq ij pqEcdh;
A �⃗
⊗B {ks= dh fn'kk gksxh:-
P
y (1) mÙkj dh vksj
x (2) nf{k.k dh vksj
z
(3) iwoZ dh vksj
–5 –5
(1) (3 × 10 T) ĵ + (–4 × 10 T) k̂ (4) if'pe dh vksj
–5 –5
(2) (3 × 10 T) ĵ + (4 × 10 T) k̂
20. 'a' Hkqtk ds leckgq f=Hkqt esa 'I' /kkjk çokfgr gks
–5 –5
(3) (4 × 10 T) ĵ + (3 × 10 T) k̂ jgh gS, rks blds 'kh"kZ 'P' ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku
–5 –5
(4) (–3 × 10 T) ĵ + (4 × 10 T) k̂ gksxk:-
P
15. vuUr yEckbZ ds lhèks rkj esa 1 A èkkjk izokfgr gksrh
I
gSA blls 1 ehVj nwj fLFkr fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks=
gksxk%&
–3 –8
(1) 2 × 10 Vslyk (2) 2 × 10 Vslyk
–7
(3) 2 × 10 Vslyk
–6
(4) 2π × 10 Vslyk a
µ0 I µ0 I
(1)  (2) ⊗
16. ,d çksV‚u {kSfrt js[kk ds vuqfn'k vkSj çs{kd dh 2 3πa 2 3πa
vksj xfr djrk gS] bldh xfr ds dkj.k mRiUu 9  µ0 I  9  µ0I 
(3)   (4)  ⊗
pqEcdh; {ks= dh ladsUnzh; o`Ùkkdkj cy js[kkvksa dk 2  πa  2  πa 
izfr:i gksxk:-
(1) okekorZ, {kSfrt ry esa 21. vuar yacs /kkjkokgh rkjksa ds dkj.k fcanq 'P' ij
(2) okekorZ, m/oZ ry esas pqacdh; {ks= D;k gS ?
(3) nf{k.kkorZ, {kSfrt ry esa
(4) nf{k.kkorZ, m/oZ ry esas
5A 2.5A P
17. ,d bysDVª‚u m/oZ js[kk ds vuqfn'k çs{kd dh vksj
xfr djrk gS] bldh xfr ds dkj.k mRiUu pqEcdh; 5m 2.5m
{ks= dh ladsUnzh; o`Ùkkdkj cy js[kkvksa dk izfr:i
gksxk:- µ0 5µ0
(1) ⊗ (2) ⊗
(1) okekorZ, {kSfrt ry esa 2π 6π
(2) okekorZ, m/oZ ry esas 5µ0 µ
(3)  (4) 0 
(3) nf{k.kkorZ, {kSfrt ry esa 6π 2π
(4) nf{k.kkorZ, m/oZ ry esas

8C Sarvam Career Institute

/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
22. fn, x, /kkjk forj.k ds dkj.k fcanq 'P' ij pqacdh; 25. nks yEcs lekUrj rkjksa esa Øe'k: i rFkk 2i /kkjk leku
{ks= D;k gS\ fn'kk esa izokfgr gks jgh gSA rkjksa ds Bhd chp esa
pqEcdh; {ks= 'B' gSA ;fn 2i /kkjk dk fLop cUn
P dj fn;k tk;s rks mlh fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk
eku gksxk:-
I r (1) 2B (2) B
45° (3) B/2 (4) 2B

µ0 I 26. nks vuar yackbZ ds /kkjkokgh rkjksa dks Øe'k% x vkSj

(1) (1 + 2) 
4πr y v{k ds vuqfn'k j[kk tkrk gSA ifj.kkeh pqacdh;
µI {ks= fdu fcnqvksa ij 'kwU; gS\
(2) 0 (1 + 2) 
2πr y-axis
µI I
(3) 0 (1 + 2) ⊗ B A
4πr
µI O
(4) 0 (1 + 2) ⊗ I
2πr a x-axis

23. fn;s x;s /kkjk forj.k ds dkj.k ewy fcanq 'O' ij C D

pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksxk:- a
y-axis (1) A, B (2) B, D
(3) A, C (4) C, D

I O 27. fn, x, /kkjk forj.k ds fy,] çR;sd vuar yackbZ

x-axis dk rkj ewy fcanq ij pqacdh; {ks= 'B' mRiUu djrk
I
gS] rks ewy fcanq 'O' ij ifj.kkeh pqacdh; {ks= D;k
d d gS\
y-axis
µ0 I µ0 I I
(1)  (2) ⊗
2πd 2πd
µI µI a
(3) 0  (4) 0 ⊗ I I
4πd 4πd O X x-axis
a a
24. Hkqtk 'a' dk ,d oxkZdkj ywi fo|qr /kkjkokgh rkj a
}kjk cuk;k tkrk gSA blds 'kh"kZ 'P' ij pqacdh;
{ks= gS :& I X
P (1) 4B (2) 2 B
(3) 2 2 B (4) 'kwU;

28. rkj 'B' ls fcanq dh fLFkfr] tgk¡ fuEu /kkjk forj.k

ds dkj.k dqy pqacdh; {ks= 'kwU; gSA
a I
A B
µ0 I µ0 I
(1)  (2) ⊗ 5I 2I
2 2πa 2 2πa 6cm
µI µI (1) 6/7 cm (2) 12/7 cm
(3) 2 2 0 ⊗ (4) 2 2 0 
πa πa (3) 18/17 cm (4) 16/7 cm
Sarvam Career Institute 9
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
29. rkj 'B' ls fcanq dh fLFkfr] tgk¡ fuEu /kkjk forj.k 31. oxZ f=Hkqt ds dsaæ esa pqacdh; {ks=] tks /kkjk okgd
ds dkj.k dqy pqacdh; {ks= 'kwU; gSA rkjksa }kjk cus gSaA
A B
x
5I 2I O
6cm
(1) 4 cm (2) 2 cm
I
(3) 8 cm (4) 12 cm a
2 2µ0 I µ0 I
(1) (2)
30. leckgq f=Hkqt ds dsaæ esa pqacdh; {ks=] tks /kkjk πa 2 2πa
okgd rkjksa }kjk cus gSaA µI µI
(3) 8 2 0 (4) 2 0
πa πa

O 32. le:i "kV~Hkqt ds dsaæ esa pqacdh; {ks=] tks /kkjk

okgd rkjksa }kjk cus gSaA
I
µ0 I
(1) O
2 3πa
27µ0 I
(2) I
2πa a
9µ0 I
(3) 6µ0 I 3µ0 I
2πa (1) (2)
πa πa
µI µ0 I µ0 I
(4) 3 0 (3) 6 3 (4)
πa πa 3πa

2.2 fo|qr/kkjkokgh ik'k dh v{k ij pqacdh; {ks=

fuEukfdr fp= ,d o`Ùkkdkj ik'k n'kkZrk gS ftlesa fu;r fo|qr/kkjk I çokfgr gks jgh gSA ik'k dks y-z ry esa j[kk
x;k gS vkSj mldk dsUæ] mn~xe O ij gS vkSj bldh f=T;k R gSA x-v{k gh ik'k dk v{k gSA ge blh v{k ij
fcUnq P ij pqacdh; {ks= dh x.kuk djuk pkgrs gSAa eku ysa fd ik'k ds dsUæ O ,oa P ds chp dh nwjh x gSA
Y

�����⃗
Idl R dB⊥ dB
R
O θ
I x X
P dBx
�����⃗
Idl

z
 µ0 I R 2
fcanq P ij dqy pqacdh; {ks=] P, B = ˆi
2(x + R
2
)
2 3/ 2

 µ 4π I R 2 N µ0 2M
i esa N ?ksjs gSa B =
;fn yw= 0 ˆi
4π 2 ( x 2 + R 2 )
3/ 2
4π ( x + R 2 )3/ 2
2

tgk¡ M = NIA ¼pqEcdh; f}/kqo vk?kw.kZ½

C
10 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
fo'ks"k fLFkfr
• ;fn x >> R, gks rc èkkjkokgh dq.Myh, y?kq NM+ pqEcd dh rjg O;ogkj djrh gSA bl pqEcd dk oy; ds v{k
ij pqEcdh; {ks= ds leku pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk &
x >> R ds fy, Bv{k gksxk&
µ 0 NI2πR 2 µ 2NIA
Bv{k = = 0. 3
4π x 3
4π x
tgk¡ dq.Myh ds izR;sd ?ksjs dk {ks=Qy A = πR2 gS bl O;atd dks fuEu izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS &
µ 0 2M
Bv{k = .
4π x 3
,d èkkjkokgh o`Ÿkkdkj dq.Myh ,d NM+ pqEcd dh rjg O;ogkj djrh �M
��⃗
gS ftldk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ M = NΙA gS R
tgk¡
C
N = dq.Myh esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k
Ι = dq. Myh esa ls izokfgr èkkjk
A = dq.Myh dk {ks=Qy I
2
M = Ι × πR
;g ,d lfn'k jkf'k gS ftldh SI bdkbZ A-m2 gS rFkk bldh fn'kk nk, gkFk ds vaxwBs }kjk nh xbZ gS &
• ,d nh xbZ ifjeki ds fy, o`Ÿkkdkj vk—fr dk {ks=Qy rFkk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ vf/kdre gksrk gS
• dsUnz ij x = 0 μ I
�B⃗max = 0 B
µ 2πNI µ NI fu;r ,oa vf/kdre
⇒ Bcentre = 0
. = 0
= Bmax 2R
4π R 2R
A' A
,d o`Ùkkdkj dqaMyh ds dkj.k nwjh ds vuqlkj (/kqeko dk fcUnq)
pqacdh; {ks= esa ifjorZu dks fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k x=0
gSA

2.2.1 o`Ÿkh; pki ds fy, pqEcdh; {ks=

;fn pki x-y lrg esa gS rFkk mldk dsUnz ewy fcUnq ij gSA
 y-axis
,d NksVk /kkjk js[kh; vYika'k id  bl izdkj fn;k x;k gSA id i
bl vYika'k ds dkj.k dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= –
µ 0 id sin900 
dB = ( id  vkSj R vfHkyfEcr gS) R
4π R2 dφ R
φ
vc d = Rdφ θ

µ 0 iRdφ µ i x-axis
∴ dB = ⇒ dB = 0 dφ O
4π R 2
4π R
pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk lrg ij vfHkyfEcr rFkk ckgj dh vksj gSA
dqy pqEcdh; {ks= i
B = ∫ dB
θ
µ0 i µ0 i µ iθ R
B= ∫
= dφ [φ]0θ ⇒ 0 θ
4π R 0 4πR 4πR
O
Sarvam Career Institute 11
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
2.2.2 {ks= dh fn'kk lnSo dq.Myh ds ry ds yEcor~ gksrh gSA
nf{k.kkZorZ okekorZ
/kkjk /kkjk

nf{k.kh /kzqo mÙkjh /kzqo

�B⃗ vUnj dh vksj �⃗ ckgj dh vksj
B

2.2.3 ck;ks&lkorZ fu;e ij vfrfjä mnkgj.k

O O
r r
(i) (ii)

i i
 µ0 i µ0 i
'O' ij B dkxt ds ry ds vUnj dh vksj gS B=
O ⊗ BO =
2r 2r
i

(iii) (iv)
θ r O r
O
µ0 i θ µ0 i
B=
O × B=
0 ⊗
2r 2π 4r
i i
r r
(v) O i (vi) i
O
i
i

µ0 i µ0 i µ0 i
=
BO + B=
O ⊗
2πr 4r 4r
• ;fn /kkjk le:i rkj ls fufeZr fofHkUu ywi esa foHkkftr gksrh gS] rc dsUæ ij dqy {ks= lnSo 'kwU; gksrk gSA
i
i2 B=0
O
O L2
θ L1
(i) (ii)
i1
i E
B0 = 0

B0 = 0 (θ ds fdlh eku ds fy,)

C
12 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Example 8:
rkj ds ,d VqdM+s ls 6 A èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA bldks 10.0 lseh f=T;k okys o`Ùkkdkj pki ds :i esa eksM+k x;k
gS] tks dsUæ ij 120° dks.k varfjr djrk gSA rkj ds bl VqdM+s ds dkj.k dsUæ ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
pki ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks=
µ 0 Ια 2π
B= , α = 120° = rad I
4πR 3
µ0 Ι 2π µ 0 Ι 4π× 10−7 × 6 × 100 120°
B= × = = T = 12.57 µT⊗
4πR 3 6R 6 × 10

Example 9:
,d os|qr èkkjk] f=T;k a dh ,d o`Ÿkkdkj dq.Myh esa izokfgr gks jgh gSA dq.Myh ds v{k ij dsUnz ls fdl nwjh ij
pqEcdh; {ks=] dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= blds eku dk 1/8th gksxk \
Solution:
,d èkkjkokgh o`Ÿkkdkj dq.Myh ds dsUnz ls x nwjh ij v{k ij ,d fcUnq ij rFkk blds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= izsj.k
gS &
µ 0NΙR 2 µ NΙ
Baxis = , Bcentre = 0
2(R + x )
2 2 3/2
2R
rFkk nksuksa fuEu izdkj lEcfUèkr gS &
Bcentre
Baxis = 3/2
 x2 
 1 + 2 
 R 
1
iz'u esa fn;k x;k gS Baxis = Bcentre
8
1 Bcentre
So, Bcentre = 3/2
8  x2 
1 + 2 
 R 
3/2
 x2  2/3 x2
or 8 =  1 + 2  or (8) =4=1+
 R  R2
x= 3R

Example 10:
nks f=T;h; js[kkvksa ls tqM+s gq, nks o`Ÿkkdkj pki dk ,d èkkjkokgh ywi fp= esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA dsUnz O ij dqy
pqEcdh; {ks= (Bnet) Kkr dhft,A
i
D C
A θ B
a
O b

Sarvam Career Institute 13

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Solution:
js[kk AD ij fcUnq O fLFkr gSA AD ds dkj.k O ij pqEcdh; {ks= “kwU; gSA blh rjg BC ds dkj.k O ij {ks= Hkh
µ0 i
“kwU; gSA ,d o`Ÿkkdkj èkkjkokgh ywi ds dsUnz ij {ks= B = }kjk fn;k x;k gSA o`Ÿkkdkj pki BA ds dkj.k {ks=
2a
gksxk
 θ  µ i 
B1 =   0  
 2π  2a 
nk,¡ gkFk ds vaxwBs dk fu;e n'kkZrk gS fd {ks= fp= ds ry ls ckgj dh vksj gSA o`Ÿkkdkj pki DC ds dkj.k {ks=
gS &
 θ  µ i 
B2 =   0  ⊗
 2π  2b 
O ij ifj.kkeh {ks= gS &
µ0 iθ(b − a)
Bnet = B1 – B2 = ry ls yEcor~ ckgj dh vksj
4πab

Exercise 1.2

1. f=T;kvksa 0.08 m rFkk 0.1 m ds nks ladUs nzh; 4. a f=T;k dh ,d o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh esa i fo|qr èkkjk
o`Ÿkkdkj ywiksa esa /kkjk bl izdkj izokfgr gS fd dsUnz izokfgr gks jgh gSA dq.Myh dh v{k ij dsUæ ls
ij pqEcdh; {ks= 'kwU; gksA ;fn cká ywi esa /kkjk fdruh nwjh ij pqEcdh; {ks= dsUæ ij pqEcdh; {ks=
8 A nf{k.kkorhZ gS rks vkUrfjd ywi esa /kkjk gksxh & dk 1/8okWa Hkkx gksxkA
(1) 6.4 A okekorhZ (1) 3a (2) 3a
(2) 6·4 A nf{k.kkorhZ a a
(3) (4)
(3) 8 A oekorhZ 3 3
(4) 3·2 A nf{k.kkorhZ
5. a f=T;k dh èkkjkokgh o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh ds dsUæ ls
2. tc ,d o`Ÿkkdkj dq.Myh esa cgus okyh /kkjk dks 2a nwjh ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksrk gSA
nqxquk dj nsrs gS rFkk dq.Myh ds ?ksjksa dh la[;k µ0 i µ0 i
vk/kh dj nsrs gS rks blds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= (1) (2)
2 10 5a
gksxk& µ0i
(1) leku (2) pkj xquk (3) (4) µ0i
4a
(3) vk/kk (4) nksxquk
6. f=T;k R dh ,d o`Ùkh; dqaMyh esa fo|qr èkkjk
3. ,d /kkjkokgh dq.Myh dh f=T;k R gSA dq.Myh ds izokfgr gks jgh gSA bl dqaMyh ds dsUæ ls blds
dsUnz ls R nwjh ij fLFkr ,d v{kh; fcUnq ij v{k ij nwjh r >> R ij fLFkr ,d fcUnq ij pqEcdh;
pqEcdh; {ks= rFkk dq.Myh ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk r ds lkFk lEcU/k gksxkA
{ks= dk vuqikr gS& (1) 1/r
1/2
1 1 (2) 1/r
3/2
(1)   (2)
2 2 (3) 1/r
2

3/2
1 1 (4) 1/r
3
(3)   (4)
2 4

C
14 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
7. ,d fuf'pr rkj dh yEckbZ ls 1 ?ksjs dh o`Ùkkdkj 11. rkj ds nks ywi PQRSP dks r1 rFkk r2 f=T;k ds nks
dq.Myh A cukbZ tkrh gSA vc blh rkj dh yEckbZ v}Zo`Ùkkdkj rkjksa ls tksM+dj cuk;k x;k gSA ywi esa
ls 2 ?ksjksa okyh o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh B cukbZ tkrh gSA èkkjk fp=kuqlkj izokfgr gks jgh gSA fcUnq O ij
;fn nksuksa dq.Mfy;ksa esa leku èkkjk izokfgr djsa] rks pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksxkA
buds dsUæksa ij mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= dk vuqikr i
gksxk% i
r2
(1) 2 : 1
(2) 1 : 4 r1
S R O Q P
(3) 4 : 1
(4) 1 : 2 µ0i  1 1  µ0i  1 1 
(1)  −  (2)  + 
4  r1 r2  4  r1 r2 
8. 0.1 ehVj f=T;k rFkk 1000 ?ksjksa okyh o`Ùkkdkj
µ0i  1 1  µ0 i  1 1 
dq.Myh esa 0.1 ,sfEi;j dh èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh (3)  −  (4)  + 
2  r1 r2  2  r1 r2 
gSA dq.Myh ds dsUæ ij pqEcdh; {kS= dh izcyrk
gksxh%
12. iznf'kZr fp= esa fcUnq A ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku
(1) 0.2 T
–4 gksxk%&
(2) 2 ×10 T
(3) 6.28 ×10 T
–4 R
I
–4 A
(4) 9.8 ×10 T
µ0 I
(1)
π 4π
9. ,d o`Ùkkdkj pki dsUnz ij dks.k vUrfjr djrk µI
2 (2) 0
gSA ;fn bldh oØrk f=T;k R gks rFkk blesa I èkkjk 4R
izokfgr gks] rks pki ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= µI
(3) 0
gksxk& 4πR
µ0 I (4) 'kwU;
(1)
8R
µI 13. fp=kuqlkj O;oLFkk ds dsUæ O ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk
(2) 0 eku gSA
R
µI Q i P
(3) 0
2R
0
µI r
(4) 0 R
4R
µ0 i
(1) (1 + π)
4πr
10. 1 m f=T;k ds ,d o`Ÿkkdkj ywi esa 2 A /kkjk izokfgr
µi
gSA o`Ÿkkdkj ywi ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk (2) 0
4πr
ifjek.k gksxk
µi
µ0 (3) 0 (1 − π)
(1) (2) 2µ0 4πr
2
µi
µ0 (4) 0
(3) µ0 (4) r
2π

Sarvam Career Institute 15

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
14. fp=kuqlkj iznf'kZr pkyd esa 30 amp dh èkkjk 17. ,d ?ksjs okyh o`Ùkkdkj dqaMyh 6.28 ehVj yacs rkj
izokfgr gks jgh gSA O fcUnq ij pqEcdh; izsj.k dk }kjk cukbZ xbZ gS] ftlesa 3.14 A fo|qr /kkjk
eku gksxkA çokfgr gksrh gSA dqaMyh ds dsaæ ij pqacdh; {ks=
i gS:&
–6 –6
(1) 1 × 10 T (2) 4 × 10 T
O –6 –6
3cm
(3) 0.5 × 10 T (4) 2 × 10 T
3cm π/2
3cm 18. rkj dh ,d yackbZ esa ,d fu;r /kkjk gksrh gS] ftls
igys ,d eksM+ ds lery o`Ùkkdkj dqaMyh cukus ds
i=30A fy, eksM+k tkrk gS] ogh yackbZ vc NksVs f=T;k ds
(1) 1.5 Vslyk
rhu eksM+ nsus ds fy, vf/kd rsth ls >qdrh gSA
–4 pqacdh; {ks= gksxk :&
(2) 1.5π × 10 Vslyk
(1) 3 times (2) 1/3 times
(3) 'kwU; (3) 9 times (4) vifjofrZr
(4) 0.15 Vslyk
19. leku ?ksjks okyh nks ladsafær leryh; dqaMfy;ksa
15. iznf'kZr fp= esa O ij pqEcdh; izsj.k dk eku gksxk dh f=T;k Øe'k% 10 lseh vkSj 30 lseh gSA nksuksa
i dqaMfy;ksa esa leku fn'kk esa leku /kkjk çokfgr gksrh
gSA vc ,d dqaMyh esa /kkjk dh fn'kk dks foifjr
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj fQj muds mHk;fu"B dsaæ ij
r2 pqacdh; {ks= dk vuqikr Øe'k% nksukss fLFkfr;ksa esa
α r1
gksrk gS:
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2
O (3) 1 : 1 (4) 4 : 1
µ0 iα  1 1 
(1)  −  20. n1 vkSj n2 ?ksjks dh nks ladsafær dq.Mfy;ks dh f=T;k
4π  r1 r2 
vuqikr Øe'k% 2: 1 gSA nksuksa dqaMfy;ksa esa leku
µ iα  1 1 
(2) 0  +   /kkjk foijhr fn'kk esa çokfgr gksrh gSA ;fn muds
4π  r1 r2 
mHk;fu"B dsaæ ij dqy pqacdh; {ks= 'kwU; gS rks
µ0 iα 1 1 n1 : n2 D;k gS\
(3)  − ⊗
2π  r1 r2  (1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2
1 1 (3) 1 : 1 (4) 4 : 1
µ0 iα
(4)  + ⊗
2π  r1 r2 
21. fuEu /kkjk forj.kksa ds fy, fcanq 'O' ij pqacdh;
{ks= Kkr dhft,A
16. f=T;k r dh o`Ùkkdkj dqaMyh ds dsaæ ij pqacdh;
r (i) (a) R
{ks= B1 gSA leku /kkjk oknh f=T;k dh ,d I
2 O
vU; dqaMyh ds dsaæ ij fLFkr {ks= B2 gS] rks B1/B2
dk vuqikr D;k gS\
I
(1) 1 : 2
(b) R
(2) 2 : 1
90
(3) 1 : 1 O
R
(4) 4 : 1
C
16 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
I
I
2R
(ii) (a) O
(b)
R 2R
I 60° R

2R O
(b)
R
O
22. fn, x, /kkjk forj.k ds dkj.k fcanq 'O' ij pqacdh;
O {ks= Kkr djs ;fn bl fudk; esa 5 A /kkjk çokfgr
gks jgh gS vkSj ywi dk O;kl 10 cm gSA
(iii) (a) R
5A
I
O
O 5A
(b) R –5 –5
(1) 2 × 10 T, ⊗ (2) 10 T, 
–5 –5
I (3) 10 T, ⊗ (4) 2 × 10 T, 
I

(iv) (a)
23. fp= f=T;k 'r' ds lkFk ,d o`Ùkkdkj ywi fn[kkrk
O
R gSA pki ABC dk çfrjks/k 5 Ω gS vkSj ADC dk
çfrjks/k 10 Ω gSA ywi ds dsaæ ij pqacdh; {ks= gS:
I
B
(b) O I O
R ⊕ ⊝
A C
r
I
D
R
90° μ0 I
(v) (a) (1) ⊗
O R 6r
µI
(2) 0 ⊗
I 12r
R µI
90° R (3) 0 
O 90° 12r
(b) µI
(4) 0 
I 6r

24. fdlh /kkjkokgh dq.Myh dh f=T;k 'R' gSA blds

dsUnz ls vfr fudV fLFkr v{kh; fcUnq ij pqEcdh;
R
O {ks= ds eku esa dsUnz ds lis{k 1% dh fHkUukRed
90° deh gks tkrh gS, rks bl v{kh; fcUnq dh fLFkfr
(vi) (a) R
Kkr djksA
I

Sarvam Career Institute 17

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
3. ,sEih;j dk ifjiFk fu;e
ftl çdkj fLFkjoS|qfrdh es]a xkml dk fu;e vkos'k forj.k ds dkj.k mRiUu fo|qr {ks= dh x.kuk ds fy, ,d
fof/k çnku djrk gS] mlh çdkj] fo|qr/kkjk ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks= Kkr djus ds fy, ,sEih;j dk ifjiFk
fu;e Hkh ,d ,slh gh oSdfYid fof/k gSA
,sEih;j ds ifjiFk fu;e ds vuqlkj fdlh can ik'k ij pqacdh; {ks= dk js[kk lekdy can ywi ls çokfgr gks jgh
dqy fo|qr/kkjk (I) dk μ0 xquk gksrk gSA
 
µ0 Ie tgk¡ Ie ifjc) fo|qr/kkjk gSA
∮ B ⋅ d = Åij dh uhps dh
mijksä lEcU/k esa ,d fpUg ijaijk Hkh 'kkfey gS tks fd nf{k.k gLr vksj /kkjk vksj /kkjk
fu;e ls Kkr dh tkrh gSA nk,a gkFk dh vaxqfy;ksa dks ml fn'kk esa eksM+sa ,fEi;fju ywi
 
ftl fn'kk esa ik'k lekdy ∮ B.d esa ifj/kh ij py jgk gksA rks vaxwBs
i1 i2
dh fn'kk og fn'kk crkrh gS ftl fn'kk esa fo|qr/kkjk I dks /kukRed ekuk
���⃗
dI �B⃗
tkrk gSA n'kkZ, x, vksjs[k esa i1 dks /kukRed ekuk tkrk gS vkSj i2 dks
_.kkRedA
;gk¡ bl ckr ij /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg, fd xkml ds fu;e dh gh rjg] ,sEih;j dk ifjiFkh; fu;e fdlh Hkh
ik'k ij ykxw gksrk gS fdUrq ;g vko';d ugha fd ;g çR;sd ekeys esa pqca dh; {ks= dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk lqxe
cuk nsA ;g mu fLFkfr;ksa esa lokZf/kd mi;qä gksrk gS ftuesa lehdj.k ds okei{k esa mifLFkr lekdyu dks fLFkfr
dh lefefr dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ljyrkiwoZd gy fd;k tk ldrk gksA
dbZ vuqç;ksxksa esa ,sEih;jh; ik'k dgykus okys ,sls ik'k dk p;u lEHko gS ftlesa ik'k ds çR;sd fcanq ij fuEukfdr
esa ls ,d fLFkfr lR; gks :

(i) B ik'k ds Li'kZjs[kh; gks ,oa mldk v'kwU; fu;r ifjek.k B gks] vFkok

(ii) B ik'k ds vfHkyacor gks] vFkok
(iii) B ik'k ij gj txg u"V gks tkrk gksA

Example 11:
 
fp= esa n'kkZ, x, ywi ds fy, ∫  dk eku Kkr fdft, &
B·d

x 2A
1A

Solution:
,Eih;j fu;e ls
 
∫ B·d  = µ0iencl = µ0(2 – 1) = µ0
3.1 ,sEih;j ds ifjiFk fu;e ds mi;ksx
(i) fdlh yEcs] irys fo|qr/kkjkokgh rkj ds dkj.k mRiUu pqc
a dh; {ks=

i
����⃗
d Amperian loop
�B⃗ �⃗
B

µ0 i
B=
2πr
C
18 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
(ii) fdlh yEcs] lh/ks fo|qr/kkjkokgh csyu ds vanj pqacdh; {ks=
(a) pkyd ds vUnj (r < R)
µ ir i
∴B = 0 2 vFkkZr~ Bin ∝ r
2πR �B⃗
(b) pkyd dh lrg ij: (r = R)
i
µ i
B= 0
2π R r –R
����⃗ �⃗ Amperian loop r
(c) pkyd ds ckgj (r > R) d,B R
µ i R
B= 0
2π r

(iii) /kkjkokgh ikbi ;k [kks[kys csyu ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks=

�⃗
B

–R R r

(a) ikbZi ds vUnj: (r < R)

B=0
(b) ikbZi dh lrg ds ckgj : (r = R)
µ i
B= 0
2π R
(c) ikbZi ds ckgj : (r > R)
µ i
B= 0
2π r

Example 12:
5 lseh f=T;k okys yEcs o lhèks Bksl pkyd ls 3 A èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gS] tks blds iwjs o`Ùkkdkj vuqizLFk dkV
ij ,d leku :i ls forfjr gSA pkyd dh v{k ls 4 lseh nwjh ij pqEcdh; izsj.k Kkr dhft;sA pkyd dh
vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk 1000 gSA
Solution:
fcUnq P Bksl pkyd ds vUnj v{k ls 4 lseh nwjh ij fLFkr gSA r f=T;k ds ,d o`Ùkkdkj
iFk dh dYiuk dhft,A fcUnq P bl ij gh fLFkr gSA bl cUn iFk ls xqtjus okyh èkkjk I=3A
I Ι r 2
Ι' = × πr 2 = 2
πR 2 R
ekukfd pkyd ls izokfgr èkkjk ds dkj.k fcUnq P ij pqEcdh; {ks= B gSA ;g pqEcdh; {ks= r
o`Ùkkdkj can iFk ij Li'kZ js[kh; gS rFkk iFk ds izR;sd fcUnq ij bldk ifjek.k leku gSA
P B
�⃗
,Eih;j ds fu;e ls
  R=5cm
 Ir 2 
∫ B.d  = µ µ
0 r I' ⇒ B (2πr) = µ µ
0 r  2 
R  I
µ µIr
⇒ B = 0 r 2 ;gk¡; Ι = 3A ; µr = 1000 ;
2πR
r = 4 cm = 0.04 m ; R = 5 cm=0.05 m
4π× 10−7 × 1000 × 3 × 0.04 –3
∴ B= = 9.6 × 10 T
2π× ( 0.05 )
2

Sarvam Career Institute 19

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
(iv) ifjukfydk
,d yEch ifjukfydk ftldh çfr bdkbZ yEckbZ esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k 'n' gS vkSj ftlesa i fo|qr/kkjk çokfgr
gks jgh gSA
(a) fuf'pr yEckbZ dh ifjukfydk : φ2
µ0ni φ1 αβ
=B [cosφ1 − cosφ2 ]
2
µ0ni
=
or B [sin α + sin β]
2
tgk¡ φ1 o φ2 ifjukfydk ds v{k rFkk ifjukfydk ds fljksa ds fcUnqvksa dks tksM+us okyh js[kk ds e/;
dks.k gSA
(b) vuUr yEckbZ dh ifjukfydk :
(i) ifjukfydk ds vUnj fcanq B = µ0ni i
µ0ni
(ii) fljksa ds fudV fcanq Bend =
2 P
B
Bin
Bin
2
r
ifjukfydk dh yEckbZ

Example 13:
50 cm yEch ,d lhèkh ifjukfydk esa 100 ?ksjs gSA blesa 2.5 A dh èkkjk izokfgr gksrh gSA pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft,A
–7 –1 –1
(fn;k x;k gS µ0 = 4π × 10 Wb A m )
(a) ifjukfydk ds vUnj
(b) ifjukfydk ds ,d fljs ij
Solution:
100 –1
;gk¡, Ι = 2.5 A, n = = 200 m
0.50
–7 –4
(a) B = µ0nΙ = 4π × 10 × 200 × 2.5 = 6.28 ×10 T
µ0nI 4π× 10−7 × 200 × 2.5 –4
(b) B = = = 3.14 × 10 T
2 2

Example 14:
ifjukfydk dh yEckbZ 0.1 eh gS o bldk O;kl cgqr de gSA bl ij ,d rkj nks ijrksa esa yisVk x;k gSA vkarfjd
ijr esa 50 ?ksjs gS rFkk ckgjh esa 40 ?ksjs gSaA nksuksa ijrksa esa foijhr fn'kk esa izokfgr èkkjk dk eku 3 A gSA ifjufydk
ds eè; esa pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
èkkjk foijhr fn'kk esa gksus ls nksuksa ijrksa ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk foijhr gksxhA
Bnet = B1 – B2 = µ0n1Ι1 – µ0n2Ι2
N1 N
= µ0 I – µ0 2 I ( I1 = I2 = I)
 
µI 4π× 10–7 × 3 –5
= 0 (N1 – N2) = (50 – 40) = 12π × 10 T
 0 ⋅1
C
20 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Example 15:
fp= esa iznf'kZr ifjukfydk ds v{kh; fcUnq ‘P’ ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft;sA (Qsjk
30° 60°
?kuRo n o blls xqtjus okyh èkkjk Ι gS) P
Solution:
ifjfer yEckbZ dh ifjukfydk ds fcUnq ‘P’ ij pqEcdh; {ks=
µ 0 nI
[sin α + sin β] (α = 60°, β = 30° )
2 αβ
µ0nI
[sin60° + sin30°]
2
µ0nI
 3 + 1
4  

(v) Vksj‚bM
Vksj‚bM ,d [kks[kyk o`Ùkkdkj NYyk gksrk gS ftlesa fdlh rkj ds NYyksa dh fo'kky la[;k] dkQh lVkdj
yisVh tkrh gSA bls ,d ,slh ifjukfydk ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS ftldks bl çdkj ls eksM+ dj
o`Ùkkdkj vk—fr ns nh xbZ gS fd blds fljs vkil esa fey x, gSaA fp= (a) ,d Vksj‚bM n'kkZrk gS ftlesa
fo|qr/kkjk I çokfgr gks jgh gS vkSj fp= (b) Vksj‚bM dh vuqçLFk dkV n'kkZ jgk gSA
(a) P ij pqEcdh; {ks= B Q
BP = 0 Q r3
(b) Q ij pqEcdh; {ks= S S
3 ⊗
BQ = 0 P ⊗ ⊗⊗
I ⊗ Pr
(c) S ij pqEcdh; {ks= ⊗ 1

BS = µ0nI ⊗ ⊗ ⊗⊗
r2
N
tgk¡ n =
2πr
Fig. : (a) Fig. : (b)
Example 16:
,d VksjksbM ds dksj dh vkUrfjd f=T;k 20 cm rFkk cká f=T;k 22 cm gS] ftlds pkjks vksj ,d rkj ds 4200
?ksjs fyiVs gq, gSA ;fn rkj esa èkkjk 10 A gks rc VksjksbM ds dksj ds vUnj pqEcdh; {ks= D;k gS \
Solution:
;gk¡ vkUrfjd f=T;k r1 = 20 cm
ckg~; f=T;k r2 = 22 cm
r1 + r2
VksjksbM dh ekè; f=T;k r = = 21 cm = 0.21 m
2
VksjksbM dh dqy yEckbZ ¾ VksjksbM dh ifjfèk
= 2πr = 2π × 0.21 = 0.42π m
∴ izfr bdkbZ yEckbZ esa Qsjks dh dqy la[;k gksxh
4200 10000 −1
n= = m
0.42π π
VksjksbM dh dksj ds vUnj pqEcdh; {ks=
–7 10000
B = µ0nΙ = 4π × 10 × × 10 = 0.04 T
π
Sarvam Career Institute 21
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 1.3

1. VksjkWbM esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k nqxquh djus ij pqEcdh; 7. ,d [kks[kys csyudkj rkj esa I /kkjk çokfgr gS,
QyDl ?kuRo dk eku gks tk;sxkA ftldh vkUrfjd o cká f=T;k Øe'k% 'R' vkSj
(1) pkj xquk (2) vkB xquk 2R gS rks bldh v{k ls 3R/2 nwjh ij fLFkr fcanq
(3) vkèkk (4) nqxquk ij pqacdh; {ks= gksxk :-
5µ0I µ0I
2. ifjukfydk ds Hkhrj pqEcdh; {ks= gksrk gSAa (1) (2)
18πR 36πR
(1) vuUr (2) 'kwU;
(3) le:ih (4) vle:ih 5µ0I 5µ0I
(3) (4)
36πR 9πR
3. ,d yEch ifjukfydk esa izfr lseh 200 ?ksjs gS vkSj
mlesa 2.5 A dh èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA ifjukfydk 8. ,d yEck, lh/kk, Bksl /kkrq dk rkj ftldh f=T;k
ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksxk 2 feeh gSA blesa /kkjk vuqizLFk dkV ij ,d leku
–7
[µ0 = 4π × 10 weber/amp-m] : :i ls forjhr gSA blds v{k ls 2 feeh nwjh ij
–2 2
(1) 3.14 × 10 oscj@eh pqEcdh; {ks= B gS, rks rkj dh v{k ls 1 feeh nwjh
–2
(2) 6.28 × 10 oscj@eh
2
ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksxk :-
–2
(3) 9.42 × 10 oscj@eh
2
(1) B (2) 4B
–2
(4) 12.56 × 10 oscj@eh
2 (3) 2B (4) B/2

4. ,d yEch ikfjukfydk dh yEckbZ L rFkk vkSlr 9. ,d yEcs lh/ks rkj (f=T;k = 3.0 feeh) esa ,d
O;kl D gSA mlesa ?ksjksa dh n ijrsa gS o izR;sd ijr fu;r /kkjk tks leku :i ls rkj dh v{k ds
esa N ?ksjs gSA ;fn ifjukfydk esa izokfgr gksus okyh vuqfn'k vuqizLFk dkV esa foifjr gSA ;fn /kkjk
èkkjk dk eku 'i' gks rks ifjukfydk ds dsUæ ij
/kuRo 100 ,WEih;j/eh2 gS, rks pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku
pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksxk %&
(1) D ds lekuqikrh gksxk (a) rkj dh v{k ls 2.0 feeh nwj (b) rkj dh
(2) D ds O;qRØekuqikrh v{k ls 4.0 feeh nwj :-
(3) D ij fuHkZj ugha djsxk 9π
(1) 2π× 10−8 T, × 10−8 T
(4) L ds lekuqikrh 2
π
(2) 4π× 10−8 T, × 10−8 T
5. ,d 'R' f=T;k ds Bksl csyudkj rkj esa 'I' /kkjk 2
çokfgr gksrh gSA rkj ds v{k ls R/2 vkSj 2 R nwjh 9π
ij fLFkr fcanqvksa ij pqacdh; {ks=ksa dk vuqikr (3) 4π× 10−8 T, × 10−8 T
2
gksxk:&
9π
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (4) 4π× 10−4 T, × 10−8 T
2
(3) 2 : 1 (4) 1 : 4

6. ,d 'R' f=T;k ds Bksl csyudkj rkj esa 'I' /kkjk 10. fuEufyf[kr esa ls lR; ;k vlR; dFku crkb,sA
çokfgr gksrh gSA rkj dh v{k ls 2 R nwjh ij fLFkr (a) ifjfer yackbZ ds lh/ks ifjukfydk ds vanj
fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= 5 µT gSA rkj dh lrg ls pqacdh; {ks= ges'kk µ0nI ls de gksrk gSA
vUnj R/3 nwjh ij Hkhrj fLFkr fcUnq ij pqEcdh; (b) vuUr yEckbZ dh vkn'kZ ifjukfydk esa I /kkjk
{ks= gksxk :- izokfgr gS rFkk bldh vuqizLFk dkV f=T;k R
10 20
(1) µT (2) µT gks rks blds Hkhrj pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku fu;r
3 3
rFkk ckgj 'kwU; gksrk gSA
5 40
(3) µT (4) µT
3 3
C
22 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
11. nks yEch ,d leku ifjukfydkvksa X rFkk Y esa 12. rhu yEch o ,d leku ifjukfydk,¡ P, Q rFkk R
leku /kkjk izokfgr gSA buds v{kh; e/; fcUnq ij dks ,d-nwljs ls fp=kuqlkj la;ksftr fd;k tkrk
mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= B gSA ;fn fp=kuqlkj nksuksa gSA ;fn P ds e/; fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= 2 T gS,
ifjukfydkvksa dks vkil esa la;qDr dj fn;k tkrk
gS rks uohu ifjukfydk ds v{kh; e/; fcUnq ij rks Q ds e/; fcUnq ij {ks= D;k gksxk ?
pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr djksA Q
B B P
I X + I Y R
(N,) (N,)

=I (2N, 2)

4. pqacdh; cy
  
F q ( v × B ) ds :i esa fy[kk tkrk gS]
fdlh pqacdh; {ks= }kjk vkjksfir cy] pqacdh; cy dgykrk gS vkSj bls =
 
;gk¡ q ml d.k dk vkos'k gS] v mldk osx gS vkSj B pqacdh; {ks= gSA

4.1 pqacdh; cy dh fn'kk

fdlh xfreku vkos'k }kjk vuqHko fd, x, pqEcdh; cy dh fn'kk] /kukRed vkos'k ds fy, lfn'k xq.kuQy
2 î + 3ˆj dh fn'kk vkSj _.kkRed vkos'k ds fy, lfn'k xq.kuQy dh fn'kk dh foijhr fn'kk gksrh gSA bls nf{k.k
gLr fu;e vFkok nf{k.k gLr isap fu;e }kjk Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA tc θ = 90°, rks pqacdh; cy dk ifjek.k
vf/kdre gksrk gS vFkkZr Fvf/kdre = qvB vkSj mldh fn'kk fuEu izdkj çkIr dh tkrh gSA
�⃗
v⃗ ×B

�⃗
v⃗ ×B
v⃗
v⃗
θ θ
�⃗
B
�B⃗

¶ysfeax dk oke gLr fu;e (Fleming's left hand rule) : ;fn ge ck,sa gkFk ds vxwaBsa vkSj igyh nks vaxqfy;ksa dks
 
,d&nwljs ds vfHkyacor bl çdkj ls QSyk,a fd rtZuh B ds vuqfn'k gks vkSj e/;fedk v ds vuqfn'k gks rks

vxwaBk F ds vuqfn'k gksrk gSA
�⃗
F
�⃗
F

�⃗
B �⃗
B

�⃗
v
�⃗
v

Sarvam Career Institute 23

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
4.2 vkos'k ij vkjksfir pqacdh; cy dh xq.k/keZ
  
(i) pwfd =F q ( v × B ) gS vr% lfn'k xq.kuQy dh fo'ks"krk ds vuqlkj] cy] osx ,oa lkFk gh pqacdh; {ks= lfn'k
ds vfHkyacor gksrk gSA

(ii) ;fn vkos'k xfreku ugha gS ( v = 0 ) rks pqacdh; cy 'kwU; gksrk gSA
(iii) ;fn vkosf'kr d.k pqacdh; {ks= ds lekukUrj vFkok çfrlekukUrj xfr dj jgk gks rks ml ij cy 'kwU; gksrk
gSA (θ = 0° ;k θ = 180°)
(iv) pqacdh; cy fdlh vkosf'kr d.k dh pky ,oa xfrt ÅtkZ ifjofrZr ugha dj ldrk fdUrq mldk osx ,oa
laosx ¼dsoy fn'kk½ ifjofrZr djrk gSA
   
(v) pwfd F ⊥ v vr% F ⋅ v ¼pqacdh; cy }kjk vkiwrZ 'kfä½ = 0. ;gk¡ ;g Hkh /;ku nsa fd blds }kjk fd;k x;k
dk;Z Hkh lnSo 'kwU; gksrk gSA

Example 17:
6 –1
3 µC dkj.k vkos'k 6 × 10 ms dh pky ls èkukRed x-v{k ds vuqfn'k xfreku gSA (0.30 ĵ + 0.50 k̂ ) T rhozrk

dk ,d pqEcdh; {ks= B mifLFkr gSA vkos'k ij dk;Zjr pqEcdh; cy Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
 
vkos'k ij cy = q (v × B) = (3.0 × 10–6) [6.0 × 106 î × (0.30 ĵ + 0.50 k̂ )]
= 3(1.8 î × ĵ + 3.0 î × k̂ ) N = 3(1.8 k̂ – 3.0 ĵ ) N

Example 18:
,d 3 C vkos'k ls vkosf'kr d.k ( −3jˆ + 4i)
ˆ m/s osx ds lkFk (8iˆ − 6j)
ˆ T rhozrk ds ,d pqEcdh; {ks= esa izos'k djrk
gSA vkosf'kr d.k ds iFk rFkk xfr ds ckjs esa crkb;sA
Solution:
  
vkos'k dk osx pqEcdh; {ks= rhozrk dh fn'kk ds izfr lekUrj gSA vr% v × B = 0 rFkk
   
F = q ( v × B ) = 0 , blfy, d.k fu;r osx ds lkFk ,d lhèks iFk ds xfreku cuk jgsxkA

5. pqacdh; {ks= esa vkosf'kr d.k dh xfr

pwfd fdlh vkosf'kr d.k ij yxus okyk pqEcdh; cy] osx ds vfHkyacor gksrk gS] ;g d.k ij dksbZ dk;Z ugha
djrkA vr: pqacdh; cy ds dkj.k d.k dh xfrt ÅtkZ vFkok pky esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha vkrk gSA
 
tc vkosf'kr d.k q dks pqacdh; {ks= B esa osx v ds lkFk iz{ksfir fd;k tkrk gS rks d.k ij yxus okyk cy
F = Bqv sinθ ls çkIr gksrk gS tgk¡ θ] osx vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ds chp dk dks.k gSA

5.1 fLFkfr-I : θ = 0° vFkok 180°

vuqlfjr iFk : _Tkqj[s kk ¼lh/kh js[kk½
�B⃗
q
θ = 0°

q θ = 180°

 
= =
F qvBsin0 0
vr: og fu;r osx ds lkFk _tqjs[kh; xfr djrk jgsxkA
C
24 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
5.2 fLFkfr-II : θ = 90°
vuqlfjr iFk : o`Ùkkdkj
pqacdh; cy osx ds yacor~ dk;Zjr gS] blfy, ;g vfHkdsUæh; cy çnku djrk gS ftlds dkj.k vkosf'kr d.k
fu;r pky ls R f=T;k ds o`Ùkh; iFk esa xfr djrk gSA
mv 2
= =
F qvB × × × × × × × ×
R q
mv × × × ×r × × × ×
o`Ùkkdkj iFk dh f=T;k ⇒ R = F
qB × × × × × × × ×
mv P F q
;fn vkosf'kr d.k leku laosx ls ços'k djrk gS =
R = × × × × × × × ×
qB qB F
× × × P× × × × ×
q
× × × × × × × ×
2km
;fn vkosf'kr d.k dqN xfrt ÅtkZ ls ços'k djrk gS R =
qB
2mq ∆V
;fn vkosf'kr d.k ij Rofjr foHko vkjksfir fd;k tk,s R =
qB
v qB
dks.kh; osx (ω) = =
R m
2π 2πm
= =
ifjØe.k dk vkorZdky (T)
ω qB
1 qB
ifjØe.k dh vko`fÙk (f)= =
T 2πm

tc fdlh vkosf'kr d.k dks fdlh pqacdh; {ks= ds vfHkyacor ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gS rks]
(i) mldk iFk o`Ùkkdkj gksrk gS tks fd pqacdh; {ks= ds ry ds vfHkyac ry esa gksrk gSA
(ii) d.k dh xfrt ÅtkZ o pky fu;r jgrh gSaA
(iii) d.k ds osx dh dsoy fn'kk esa ifjorZu vkrk gSA
(iv) ifjfØe.k dk vkorZdky] dks.kh; osx ,oa ifjØe.k dh vko`fÙk] d.k ds osx ,oa o`Ùkkdkj iFk dh f=T;k ij
fuHkZj ugha djrsA bl fl)kUr dk mi;ksx lkbDyksVª‚u esa gksrk gSA

Example 19:
,d U;wVªkWu] izksVkWu] bysDVªkWu rFkk ,d vYQk d.k leku osxksa ls ,d fu;r pqEcdh; {ks= esa C
izos'k djrs gSaA pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk dkxt ds ry ds yEcor~&vUnj dh vksj gSA d.kksa ds B X X X X
iFk fp= esa iznf'kZr gSA d.kksa dks buds laxr iFkksa ls lEcfUèkr dhft,A X X X X
A X X X X
Solution: X X X X D
  
pqEcdh; {ks= esa vkosf'kr d.k ij cy F = q (v × B)
U;wVªkWu ds fy;s q = 0, F = 0 vr% ;g vfo{ksfir xqtjsxk vFkkZr~ iFk C U;wVªkWu ls lEcfUèkr gSA
  
;fn d.k _.kkosf'kr gS vFkkZr~ bysDVªkWu rks F = –e (v × B)
;g nka;h vksj ,d cy vuqHko djsxkA vFkkZr~ iFk D bysDVªkWu ls lacafèkr gSA
;fn d.k èkukosf'kr gSA ;g cka;h vksj cy vuqHko djsxkA vr% nksuksa iFk A rFkk B èkukRed vkosf'kr d.kksa ¼vFkkZr
izkVs kWu rFkk vYQk d.k½ ls lEcfUèkr gksx
a sA
mv
tc vkosf'kr d.k dh xfr pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ gS rks bldk iFk o`Ùkh; gksxk ftldh f=T;k r =
qB
m m 4m m m m m
vFkkZr,~ r ∝ rFkk   =   tcfd   = ⇒   >  
q  q α  2e   q p e  q α  q p
pwafd rα>rp ⇒ vr% iFk B] vYQk d.k rFkk iFk A izksVªkWu ls lEcfUèkr gksxkA

Sarvam Career Institute 25

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Example 20:
,d bysDVªkWu, ,d xje ¼rRo½ dsFkksM+ }kjk mRlftZr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk 2.0 kv ds foHkokUrj ls Rofjr gksdj
0.15 T ds ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa izo's k djrk gSA bysDVªkWu ds iFk dh f=T;k Kkr fdft;s ;fn {ks=
(a) blds izkjfEHkd osx ds yEcor~ gks (b) izkjfEHkd osx ls 30° dk dks.k cukrs gq, gks
–31
[me= 9 × 10 Kg]
Solution:
1 2
mv = eV
2
2eV 2 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 2 × 103 8 7
⇒v= = = × 10 m/s
m 9 × 10−31 3
mv 9 × 10 × ( 8 3 ) × 10
−31 7
–3
(a) f=T;k r1 = = −19
= 10 m = 1 mm
qB 1.6 × 10 × 0.15
mv sin θ 1
(b) f=T;k r2 = = r1sinθ =1 × sin30° = 1 × = 0.5 mm
qB 2

5.3 fLFkfr-III : θ dk eku 0°, 180° vkSj 90° ds vykok dqN vksj gSA
vuqlfjr iFk : dqaMfyuh
m æO;eku o q vkos'k okys ,d d.k dks x-y ry esa v pky o pqacdh; {ks= B ¼x&v{k½ ds lkFk θ dks.k cukrs
gq, ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gSA d.k ds osx dks nks vo;oksa esa fo;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA {ks= ds lekukUrj vo;o
dks v‖ = vcosθ }kjk çkIr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ds vfHkyac vo;o dks v⊥ = vsinθ }kjk çkIr fd;k tkrk
gSA
y

v⊥ v

θ
x
v|| B
z

v‖ vo;o bls B ds lekukUrj ¼vFkkZr x-v{k ds vuqfn'k½ xfr djokrk gS ogha v⊥ ds dkj.k vkos'k ,d ,sls cy
dk vuqHko djrk gS tks mls o`Ùkkdkj xfr djokrk gSA bldk ifj.kke dqaMfyuh iFk ds :i esa ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
mv 2⊥
= = qv ⊥B
(a) dqaMfyuh dh f=T;k
r y
mv ⊥ mvsinθ v
=
r ⇒=
r
qB qB
qB θ
(b) ifjØe.k vko`fÙk (f ) = B
2πm
2πm pwM+h vUrjky
(c) ifjØe.k dk vkorZdky (T) =
qB

(d) dqaMfyuh dh fip ¼pwM+h varjky½ : ;g vkosf'kr d.k }kjk B v{k ds vuqfn'k ,d iwjh ifjØek vFkok ,d
ifjØe.k dky esa pqEcdh; {kS= ds vuqfn'k pyh xbZ nwjh gSA
2πm
pwM+h varjky ¼fip½= v=
‖
T vcosθ
qB

C
26 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Example 21:
izksVksu dk ,d iqat 4 × 105 m/s ds osx ls 0.3 Vslyk ds ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa pqEcdh; {ks= ls 60° ds dks.k
ij izos'k djrk gSA izkVs kWu iqat }kjk cuk;s x;s dq.Mfyuh iFk dh f=T;k Kkr djsasA dq.Mfyuh dk pwM+h vUrjky Hkh
Kkr djsA
Solution:
mv sin θ
dq.Mfyuh dh f=T;k r = (∴{ks= ds yEcor osx dk ?kVd Vsinθ)
qB
3 vsinθ
(1.67 × 10−27 )(4 × 105 ) �⃗
v
2 = 2 2 –2 r
r= × 10 m = 1.7 cm θ �⃗
B
(1.6 × 10−19 )0.3 3
vcosθ
2πr
iqu% pwMh varjky p = vcosθ × T (where T = )
v sin θ p
v cos θ× 2πr cos60°× 2π× (1.2 × 10−2 ) –2
∴p= = = 4.35 × 10 m = 4.35 cm
v sin θ sin60°

5.4 pqEcdh; {ks= esa vkos'k dh xfr (fofHkUu fLFkrh;k)

v θ
× × ×B × × ×B
× × × × × ×
2r O π × × O 2θ × × ×
(i) (ii) r
v × × × × × ×
q × × × × × ×
× × × q, v θ × × ×
mv mv
o`Ùkkdkj iFk dh f=T;k r = o`Ùkkdkj iFk dh f=T;k r =
qB qB
πm 2θm
pqEcdh; {ks= esa O;rhr le; t = pqEcdh; {ks= esa O;rhr le; t =
qB qB
B o× × ×B
× r×
(iii) q, v θ (iv) r × × × Screen
O
θ × × ×
v 2π–2θ q v
d
mv
o`Ùkkdkj iFk dh f=T;k r = insZ ij vkos'k dks Vdjkus ls jksdus ds fy,
qB
d > r ;gk¡ 'r' o`Ùkh; iFk dh f=T;k gS
( 2π − 2θ ) m mv mv
pqEcdh; {ks= esa O;rhr le; t = vFkkZr~ d > ;k B >
qB qB qd
× × B×
O × ×r × v
θ ×
(v) × ×
×
y
× ×
q θ
v × ×d ×
d dqB
sin θ==
r mv
fopyu y = r – r cos θ = r (1 – cos θ)
Sarvam Career Institute 27
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 1.4

1. ,d izksVku] M~;wVªkWu vkSj ,d α d.k dks leku 7. q vkos'k okyk vkosf'kr d.k le:i pqEcdh; {ks=
foHko }kjk Rofjr djrs gS vkSj le:i pqEcdh; esa xfreku gSaA ;fn ;g d.k pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk
{ks= ds yEcor izos'k djrs gSA buds o`rh; iFk dh ds lkFk dksbZ dks.k cukrk gqvk izos'k djs rks bldk
f=T;kvksa dk vuqikr gksxk :- iFk gksxkA
(1) 1 : 2 : 2 (2) 2 : 2 : 1 (1) o`Ùkkdkj (2) ljy js[kk
(3) 1 : 2 : 1 (4) 1 : 1 : 1 (3) dq.Mfyuh (4) ijoy;kdkj

2. ,d vkosf'kr d.k ,d pqEcdh; {ks= dh foijhr 8. ;fn èkukosf'kr d.k fp=kuqlkj xfr'khy gks rks
fn'kk esa xfr'khy gSA d.k ij dk;Zdkjh pqEcdh; pqEcdh; {ks= ds dkj.k og fdl v{k ds vuqfn'k
cy & foLFkkfir gksxkA
(1) mlds osx dh fn'kk esa gksxk Y
(2) mlds osx dh fn'kk ds foifjr gksxk B
(3) mlds osx ds yEcor~ gksxk
q O X
(4) 'kwU; gksxk V
(1) +x v{k fn'kk esa (2) +y v{k fn'kk esa
3. tc dksbZ fo|qr vkosf'kr d.k ,d leku pqEcdh; (3) –x v{k fn'kk esa (4) +z v{k fn'kk esa
{ks= esa izos'k djrk gS rks bldh xfrt ÅtkZ %
(1) fu;r jgrh gS (2) c<+rh gS 9. ,d bysDVªkWu x-fn'kk ds vuqfn'k xfr'khy gSA ;g
(3) ?kVrh gS (4) 'kwU; gks tkrh gS y-fn'kk esa ,d pqEcdh; {ks= vuqHko djrk gS bldh
Øekxr xfr
4. tc dksbZ vkosf'kr d.k pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ (1) x-fn'kk ds vuqfn'k ljy js[kk gksxh
xfreku gksrk gS rc fuEu esa ls dksu&lh jkf'k (2) xz ry esa ,d o`Rr gksxk
ifjofrZr gksrh gSaA (3) yz ry esa ,d o`Rr gksxk
(1) ÅtkZ (2) laosx (4) xy ry esa ,d o`Rr gksxk
(3) pky (4) mijksDr lHkh
8
10. 10 fof'k"V vkos'k ¼q/m) okyk ,d vkosf'kr d.k
5. le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa izosf'kr nks ,d le:i 5
3 × 10 m/sec. ds osx ls B = 0.3 T okys pqEcdh;
d.kksa dk osx 1 : 3 esa gSaA {ks= esa izos'k djus ds
{ks= esa {ks= ls 30° dk dks.k cukrs gq, izos'k djrk
i'pkr~ muds iFk o`Ùkkdkj gks tkrs gSAa muds
gS rks oØrk f=T;k gksxh%&
o`Ùkkdkj iFkksa dh f=T;kvksa dk vuqikr Øe'k% gksxkA
(1) 0.01 cm (2) 0.5 cm
(1) 1 : 3 (2) 3 : 1
(3) 1 cm (4) 2 cm
(3) 1 : 9 (4) 9 : 1

11. q vkos'k rFkk m æO;eku dk ,d vkosf'kr d.k

6. ,d izksVªkWu rFkk ,d α-d.k leku osx ls le:i
pqEcdh; {ks= esa yEcor~ izo's k djrk gSA ;fn d.k
pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ izos'k djrs gSaA α d.k dk
dh xfrt ÅtkZ E gks] rks ?kw.kZu vko`fÙk gksxh %
ifjØe.k dky izksVkWu ds ifjØe.k dky dk gksxkA
qB qB
(1) pkj xquk (1) (2)
mπ 2πm
(2) nks xquk
qBE qB
(3) vkèkk (3) (4)
2πm 2πE
(4) ,d pkSFkkbZ
C
28 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
12. 1 C dk ,d vkosf'kr d.k 10 m/sec ds osx ls 19.
–11 –7
,d 10 dwyke o 10 fdxzk nzO;eku dk vkos'k,
0.5 Vslyk pqEcdh; {ks= esa xfreku gSA ml ij 8
10 eh./ls. osx ds LkkFk x-v{k ds vuqfn'k xfr dj
dk;Zjr cy gksxk&
jgk gSA ,d 0.5 Vslyk eku dk le:i LFkSfrd
(1) 5 N (2) 10 N
(3) 0.5 N (4) 0 N
pqEcdh; {ks= y-v{k ds vuqfn'k dk;Zjr gS, rks vkos'k
ij yxus okys pqEcdh; cy dk ifjek.k vkSj fn'kk
13. ,d vkos'k ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa xfreku gS gksxh :
rc pqEcdh; cy fuEu esa ls fdl ij fuHkZj ugha (1) 'kwU;
djrk gSA –4
(2) 5 × 10 N, z-v{k ds vuqfn'k
(1) vkos'k (2) nzO;eku –4
(3) 5 × 10 N, x-v{k ds vuqfn'k
(3) osx (4) pqEcdh; {ks= –4
(4) 5 × 10 N, y-v{k ds vuqfn'k
14. ,d izksVªkWu fdlh pqEcdh; {ks= ds lekukUrj osx
ls izos'k djrk gSA izkVs ªkWu }kjk vuqlfjr iFk gksxk& 20. ,d 2 MeV dk çksV‚u 2.5 Vslyk eku ds le:i
(1) o`Ùk (2) ijoy; pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ xfr dj jgk gSA izksVkWu
(3) gsfyDl (4) ljy js[kk ij pqEcdh; cy gksxk :-
–12 –12
–31
(1) 8 × 10 N (2) 4 × 10 N
15. ,d bysDVªkWu (nzO;eku = 9.0 × 10 kg rFkk vkos'k –12 –12
–19 –4 2 (3) 16 × 10 N (4) 2 × 10 N
= 1.6 × 10 coulomb) ,d 10 weber/m ds
pqEcdh; {ks= dh o`Ùkh; d{kk esa ?kwe jgk gSA
bysDVªkWu dk ifjØe.k dky gS& 21. ,d bysDVª‚u 106 m/sec dh xfr ls 5 A dh /kkjk
(1) 3.5 × 10 sec
–7 –7
(2) 7.0 × 10 sec ds lekukarj fn'kk esa xfr dj jgk gS] tks gok esa
–6
(3) 1.05 × 10 sec
—6
(4) 2.1 × 10 sec 10 cm dh yacor nwjh ij fLFkr ,d vuar yacs
lh/ks rkj esa ls cg jgh gSA bysDVª‚u }kjk vuqHko
 
16. ,d bysDVªkWu v osx ls B pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk fd;k tkus okyk pqacdh; cy:&
esa xfr dj jgk gS rks cy dk ifjek.k gksxk%&
 
(1) 'kwU; (2) e(v × B) v
  I
1   d
(Instantanceous)
(3) e(B × v) (4) e(v × B)
2 (q,m)

17. ,d bysDVªkWu v osx ds lkFk r f=T;k ds o`Ÿkkdkj

–19
iFk ij ,d leku vuqizLFk pqEcdh; {ks= B esa (1) 1.6 × 10 N
xfreku gS] rc blds fy, e/m gksxk& (2) 1.6 × 10
–20
N
v B –18
(1) (2) (3) 1.6 × 10 N
Br rv –21
(4) 1.6 × 10 N
vr
(3) Bvr (4)
B
22. rhu vkos'k çksV‚u] MîwVª‚u vkSj α–d.k dks
–19
18. ,d 1•6 × 10 dwyke dk ijh{k.k vkos'k, ,dleku vuqçLFk pqacdh; {ks= esa ç{ksfir fd;k
 tkrk gS] rks mudh o`Ùkkdkj iFkks dh f=T;kvksa dk
v (2iˆ + 3j)
= ˆ eh./ls. osx ds LkkFk ,d pqEcdh; {ks=
 vuqikr Øe'k: Kkr dhft,] ;fn mudk –
B (2iˆ + 3j)
= ˆ Vslyk esa xfr dj jgk gSA ijh{k.k
vkos'k ij pqEcdh; cy gksxk :- (a) v → leku (b) P → leku
ˆ (c) EK → leku (d) Vacc. → leku
(1) 6kT (2) (4iˆ + 6j)T
ˆ
(3) (4iˆ + 6j)
ˆ × 10−19 T (4) 'kwU;
Sarvam Career Institute 29
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
23. rhu vkos'k çksV‚u] MîwVª‚u vkSj α–d.k dks 30. ,d bysDVª‚u +x fn'kk ds vuqfn'k xfr dj jgk gSA
,dleku vuqçLFk pqca dh; {ks= esa bl çdkj ç{ksfir bls x–y ry esa o`rkdkj iFk ij okekorZ :i ls
fd;k tkrk gS fd o`Ùkkdkj iFkks dh f=T;k,¡ cjkcj xfreku djus ds fy, pqacdh; {ks= fdl ds vuqfn'k
gksrh gSa] rks muds fy,s fuEufyf[kr vuqikr Kkr gksxkA
dhft;s: (1) +y–fn'kk ds (2) +z–fn'kk ds
(a) v → vuqikr (b) P → vuqikr (3) –y–fn'kk ds (4) –z–fn'kk ds
(c) EK → vuqikr (d) Vacc. → vuqikr
31. csyukdkj foltZu Vîwc ds v{k ds yacor ,d
pqacdh; {ks= yxk;k tkrk gS] fQj dSFkksM vkSj
24. ,d çksV‚u vkSj ,d bysDVª‚u dks ,dleku vuqçLFk
?kukRed fdj.ksa fdl fn'kk esa fo{ksfir gksrh gSa &
pqacdh; {ks= esa ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gS] rks fdl
Cathode rays Positive rays
vkos'k dk iFk vf/kd oØh; gS ;k fdl vkos'k dk
fo{ksi.k mldh xfr dh çkjafHkd fn'kk ls vf/kd gS] ⊝⊝ ⊕ ⊕
;fn Anode ⊝⊝ ⊕ ⊕
⊝⊝ Cathode
(a) v → leku (b) P → leku ⊝⊝ ⊕ ⊕
(c) EK → leku (d) Vacc. → leku
Discharge tube
(1) leku fn'kk es
25. rhu vkos'k çksV‚u] MîwVª‚u vkSj α–d.k dks
(2) foijhr fn'kk es
,dleku vuqçLFk pqacdh; {ks= esa ç{ksfir fd;k (3) ijLij yacor fn'kk es
tkrk gS] rks o`Ùkh; xfr ds fuEufyf[kr dk vuqikr (4) nksuksa ds fy, dksbZ fo{ksi.k ugh
Kkr dhft,A
(a) vkorZ dky (b) vko`fÙk 32. uhps dh vksj yacor ry esa ,d pqacdh; {ks= dk;Z
(c) dks.kh; vko`fÙk djrk gSA fuokZr esa ,d d.k dkxt ds ry esa ck,a
5
ls nk,a pyrk gS tSlk fd fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA
26. 4 × 10 m/sec ds osx ls xfreku çksV‚u dk ,d rhj }kjk bafxr iFk ds fdl d.k dk gks ldrk gS–
iqat pqacdh; {ks= ls 60° ds dks.k ij 0.3 T ds ×
,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa ços'k djrk gSA dq.Mfyu × × ×
× × ×
iFk dh f=T;k ,oa pwMh varjky dh x.kuk dhft,A × × ×
× × ×
27. ,d çksV‚u dks x-v{k ls 60° ds dks.k ij × ×
6
2 × 10 m/sec dh pky ls ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk (1) izkV
s kWu (2) U;wVªkWu
gSA ;fn y v{k ds vuqfn'k 0.104 T dk ,dleku (3) bysDVªkWu (4) ,YQk d.k
pqacdh; {ks= yxk;k tkrk gSA dq.Mfyuh iFk dh
f=T;k vkSj çksV‚u ds vkorZdky dh x.kuk djsaA 33. ,d çksV‚u fu;r osx ds lkFk z-v{k ds vuqfn'k
py jgk gSA ;fn x-v{k ds vuqfn'k pqacdh; {ks=
28. ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa {ks= fn'kk ls 30° ds dks.k yxk;k tkrk gS rks çksV‚u ij pqacdh; cy dh fn'kk
ij ç{ksfir vkos'k ds dq.Mfyuh iFk dh o`Ùkh; xfr (1) z-v{k ds vuqfn'k (2) y-v{k ds vuqfn'k
dk vkorZdky 'T' gSA ;fn ç{ksi dk dks.k 60° gks (3) x-v{k ds vuqfn'k (4) 'kwU; cy
tkrk gS] rks u;k vkorZdky D;k gS\
34. ,d Å/okZZ/kj rkj Åij dh vksj fn'kk esa ,d /kkjk
29. fdlh {ks= esa ,dleku pqacdh; {ks=, {kSfrt ry esa ogu djrk gSA ;fn ,d bysDVª‚u iqat {kSfrt :i
mÙkj dh vksj dk;Z djrk gSA ;fn czãkaMh; d.k ls rkj dh vksj Hksth tkrh gS] rks ;g fo{ksfir gks
tk,xhA
¼80% çksV‚u½ Å/okZ/kj :i ls uhps dh vksj fxjrs
(1) dkxt ds ry ds yacor uhps dh vksj
gSa] rks os fdldh vksj fo{ksfir gksaxsA
(2) dkxt ds ry ds yacor Åij dh vksj
(1) mÙkj (2) nf{k.k
(3) dkxt ds ry esa
(3) iwoZ (4) if'pe
(4) dksbZ fo{ksi.k ugha
C
30 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
6. la;qDr fo|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d vkosf'kr d.k dh xfr
ykWjsUt cy
 
ekuk fd ,d xfreku vkosf'kr d.k dks fo|qr {ks= E rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= B nksuksa ds izHkko esa ,d lkFk j[kk tkrk
   → →
gSA xfreku vkosf'kr d.k fo|qr cy Fe = qE rFkk pqEcdh; cy Fm = q (v × B) vuqHko djsxkA vkosf'kr d.k ij
       
dqy cy F= q(E + v × B) gksxk rFkk ;g cy ykWjsUt&cy dgykrk gSA F= q(E + v × B)
  
v, E vkSj B dh fn'kk ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu fLFkfr;k¡ laHko gSa vkSj lkekU;r% vkos'k dh xfr dkQh tfVy gksrh
gSA

   E
6.1 fLFkfr Ι : v , E rFkk B rhuksa lajs[kh; gSaA tc d.k pqEcdh; {ks= ds lekUrj ;k izfrlekUrj �v′
�⃗
�v⃗
xfr djrk gS rks bl ij pqEcdh; cy 'kwU; gksxk rFkk dsoy fo|qr cy dk;Z q
B q
djsxkA vr% d.k dk Roj.k
 
 F qE
=
a =
m m
vr% d.k ljy js[kh; iFk ¼pqEcdh; {ks= ds lekUrj½ dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, bldh pky esa ifjorZu ds
lkFk pqEcdh; {ks= ls xqtjsxkA fp=kuqlkj bl fLFkfr esa xfr dh fn'kk esa ifjorZu ds fcuk pky] osx] laosx
rFkk xfrt ÅtkZ lHkh ifjofrZr gks tk;saxsA

  
6.2 fLFkfr ΙΙ : v , E rFkk B ijLij yEcor~ gSa%& E
  Fe
;fn bl fLFkfr esa E rFkk B dh fn'kk rFkk ifjek.k bl izdkj gS fd q v
�⃗ q �⃗
v

    F Fm
ifj.kkeh cy F =Fe + Fm =0 ⇒ =
a = 0 rc fp=kuqlkj d.k pqEcdh; �⃗
B
m
{ks= ls leku osx ls xqtjsxkA
 Fe=Fm
E
vFkkZr~ qE = qvB ⇒ v =
B

Example 22:
,d izksVªkWu iqat ,d rjQ fo{ksfir gks tkrk gSA D;k ;g fo{ksi fuEu ds dkj.k gks ldrk gS\
(i) pqEcdh; {ks=
(ii) fo|qr {ks=\ ;fn buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ,d laHko gks rks buds iFk esa D;k vUrj gksxk\
Solution:
gk¡] xfreku vkosf'kr d.k ¼izksVkWu] vYQk d.k vkfn½ ;k rks fo|qr {ks= ;k pqEcdh; {ks= }kjk ,d rjQ fo{ksfir gks
ldrs gSaA
(i) xfr'khy vkosf'kr d.k ij pqEcdh; {ks= }kjk yxk;k x;k cy lnSo xfr dh fn'kk ds yEcor~ gksrk gSA vr%
pqEcdh; cy }kjk d.k ij dksbZ dk;Z ugha fd;k tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd pqEcdh; {ks= dsoy d.k dks
fo{ksfir djrk gS rFkk bldh xfrt ÅtkZ esa o`f) ugha djrk gSA
(ii) fojkekoLFkk esa ;k xfr'khy voLFkk esa vkosf'kr d.k ij oS|qr {ks= }kjk yxk;k x;k cy lnSo fo|qr {ks= dh
fn'kk ds vuqfn'k gksrk gS rFkk d.k dh xfrt ÅtkZ ifjofrZr gksrh gSA

Sarvam Career Institute 31

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 1.5

1. ,d Hkkx esa vpj vkSj ,d leku fo|qr rFkk 7. ,d vkosf'kr d.k ,sls {ks= esa xfr djrk gS tgka
pqEcdh; {ks= mifLFkr gSA ;g nksuksa {ks= ,d nwljs fo|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= lekUrj gSA fdlh {k.k
ds lekUrj gSA bl {ks= esa ,d vkosf'kr d.k dks d.k ds osx dh fn'kk {ks= dh fn'kk ds yEcor~ gks
fojke voLFkk ls eqDr fd;k tkrk gSA d.k dk iFk tkrh gSA rks d.k dk iFk gksxk &
gksxk :- (1) ljy js[kk
(1) o`Ùk (2) dq.Mfyuh (2) o`Ùk
(3) ljy js[kk (4) nh?kZo`Ùk (3) le:i pwMh varjky okyk dq.Mfyuh iFk
(4) vle:i pwMh varjky okyk dq.Mfyuh iFk
2. izkVs kWuksa dk ,d fdj.k iqat 0.3 T ds ,d leku
pqEcdh; {ks= esa {ks= dh fn'kk ls 60° ds dks.k ij 8. 0.2 oscj@ehVj2 ifjek.k ds pqEcdh; {kS= eas
5
4 × 10 m/s ds osx ls izos'k djrk gSaA d.k dh –14
yEcor~ xfr djrs gq;s α-d.k ij 3.84 × 10
xfr dk iFk gksxkA
U;wVu dk cy yxrk gS] rks α-d.k dh pky gS%&
(1) o`Ùkkdkj (2) ljy js[kh; 5 5
(1) 6.0 × 10 eh@ls (2) 5.0 × 10 eh@ls
(3) lfiZykdkj (4) dq.Mfyuh
6 6
(3) 1.2 × 10 eh@ls (4) 3.8 × 10 eh@ls
3. mijksDr iz'u esa d.k ds iFk dh f=T;k gksxhA
(1) 12.0 m (2) 1.2 m 9. fo|qr {ks= E vkSj pqEcdh; {ks= B esa ,d izksVksu v
(3) 0.12 m (4) 0.012 m osx ls xfr'khy gSA ;fn ;g {ks= ls vfo{ksfir
xqtjrk gS] rks %
4. mijksDr iz'u esa dq.Mfyuh iFk dk pwMh varjky (1) E ⊥ B
gksxkA (2) E osx v ds lekUrj gS vkSj B ds yEcor gS
(1) 4.37 m (2) 0.437 m (3) E, B vkSj v rhuks ijLij yEcor gS vkSj osx
(3) 0.0437 m (4) 0.00437 m v = E/B gS
(4) E vkSj B nksuksa lekUrj gS] ijUrq v ds yEcor
 
5. ,d {ks= esa fo|qr {ks= E rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= B gS

ijLij yEcor~ gSaA ,d bysDVªkWu bl {ks= esa B
 10. ;fn ,d vkos'k dks 'kwU; xw:Roh; {ks= esa iz{ksfir
rFkk E dh fn'kkvksa ds yEcor~ izos'k djrk gS rFkk
fd;k tkrk gSA ml {ks= esa fo/kqr vkSj pqEcdh; {ks=
vfo{ksfir jgrk gSA rks bysDVªkWu dk osx gksxk %&
 dh lEHko fLFkfr;ka D;k gksxh, tcfd vkos'k ij
|E |  
(1)  (2) E × B dksbZ ifj.kkeh cy v'kwU; jgsA
|B |
 (a) E = 0, B = 0 (b) E = 0, B ≠ 0
|B |  
(3)  (4) E . B (c) E ≠ 0, B ≠ 0 (d) E ≠ 0, B = 0
|E |
11. ;fn dksbZ ç{ksfir vkos'k vius osx esa ifjorZu ds
6. ,d vkosf'kr d.k ,d fo|qr {ks= rFkk 1.5 Vslyk fcuk fdlh 'kwU; xq#Ro {ks= ls gksdj xqtjrk gS]
ds pqEcdh; {ks= esa ls 2 × 103 m/s ds osx ls rks ml {ks= esa fo|qr vkSj pqacdh; {ks= dh fLFkfr;k¡
vfo{ksfir xqtj tkrk gSA fo|qr {ks= dh rhozrk Kkr dhft,
Kkr djks& (a) E = 0, B = 0 (b) E = 0, B ≠ 0
3 3
(1) 2 × 10 N/C (2) 1.5 × 10 N/C (c) E ≠ 0, B ≠ 0 (d) E ≠ 0, B = 0
3 –3
(3) 3 × 10 N/C (4) 4/3 × 10 N/C

C
32 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
12. ;fn dksbZ ç{ksfir vkos'k fdlh 'kwU; xq#Ro {ks= ls 14. ,d vkos'k dks fojke voLFkk ls ,d ,sls {ks= esa
gksdj xqtjrk gqvk vfopfyr vFkok vfo{ksfir eqDr fd;k tkrk gS tgk¡ ij le:i fo/kqr {ks= o
jgrk gS] rks ml {ks= esa fo|qr {ks= rFkk pqacdh; pqEcdh; {ks= ijLij lekUrj gSA vkos'k fdl iFk
{ks= dh laHkkfor fLFkfr;k¡ Kkr dhft, ds vuqfn'k xfr djsxk :-
(a) E = 0, B = 0 (1) o`Ùkkdkj iFk (2) dq.Mfyuh iFk
(b) E = 0, B ≠ 0 (3) ijoy;kdkj iFk (4) ljy js[kh; iFk
(c) E ≠ 0, B ≠ 0
(d) E ≠ 0, B = 0 15. ,d çksV‚u {kSfrt js[kk ds lkFk mÙkj dh vksj
xfreku gS] ;g ,d 'kwU; xq#Rokd"kZ.k {ks= ls
13. ;fn ,d ç{ksfir vkos'k 'kwU; xq#Rokd"kZ.k {ks= ls xqtjrk gS] tgka fo|qr vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ,d nwljs
gksdj xqtjrk gS] rks bldh xfr fu;r gks ldrh ds ijLij yacor gksrs gSaA d.k dk ekxZ vfopfyr
gS] rks ml {ks= esa fo|qr vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ds ;k vfo{ksfir jgrk gSA ;fn fo|qr {ks= dh fn'kk
laHkkfor fLFkfr;k Kkr dhft, iwoZ dh vksj gS rks pqacdh; {ks= dh fn'kk D;k gS\
(a) E = 0, B = 0 (1) iwoZ dh vksj
(b) E = 0, B ≠ 0 (2) yacor uhps dh vksj
(c) E ≠ 0, B ≠ 0 (3) if'pe dh vksj
(d) E ≠ 0, B = 0 (4) yacor Åij dh vksj

7. fo|qr /kkjkokgh pkyd ij pqacdh; cy


(i) ;fn /kkjkokgh pkyd dks le:i pqEcdh; {ks= B esa j[kk tkrk gS] rc
    
=
F ∫ Id  ×B= I  ∫ d  × B
 

;gk¡ ∫ d  çkjfEHkd ls vfUre fcUnq rd lHkh yEckbZ vYika'kksa × × × × × ×
Q
×
dk lfn'k ;ksx gksrk gSA ;g çkjfEHkd fcUnq P ls vfUre × ×
I
× × × × ×
⃗

fcUnq Q dks tksM+us okyh ljy js[kk dh yEckbZ  ds cjkcj × × × ×  × × ×
gksxk rFkk çkjEHk ls vfre fcanq dh fn'kk esaA × × × × × × ×

blfy,] le:i {ks= B esa fdlh vkdkj dk /kkjkokgh pkyd × × × × × × ×
    B
=F I(  × B) cy vuqHko djrk gSA ;gk¡  çkjfEHkd rFkk × × × × × × ×
vfUre fcUnqvksa dks tksM+us okys lfn'k dh yEckbZ gS ¼fp=
esa n'kkZ;s vuqlkj½A
 
(ii) fdlh Hkh vkdkj ds cUn ywi ds fy, d  dk lfn'k ;ksx lnSo 'kwU; gksrk gS] vFkkZRk] ∮ d = 0

blfy, le:i {ks= esa] /kkjkokgh ywi esa dqy pqEcdh; cy lnSo 'kwU; gksrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa dF rFkk

cyk?kw.kZ τ 'kwU; gks ldrk gS vkSj ugha HkhA
× × ×
× × ×
I
× × ×
    
vFkkZr=
~ F ∫ Id =
× B I ∫ d × B = 0

Sarvam Career Institute 33

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko

(iii) ;fn /kkjkokgh ;k–fPNd vkdkj ds lery ywi dks B ds yEcor~ j[kk tkrk gS rFkk ekuk /kkjk nf{k.kkorZ gS

rFkk B {ks= dkxt ds ry esa fØ;k'khy gS] rc cy ckgj dh vksj pkjks vksj fØ;k'khy gksxk rFkk o`Ùkh; ywi
fufeZr djsxkA
⊗B cy
I ⊗B
⊗B ⊗B ⊗B
cy ⊗B I
⊗B
cy cy
igys ckn esa
;fn o`Ùkh; lery /kkjkokgh ywi dks le:i B {ks= ds yEcor~ j[kk x;k gS] rc ywi ij dqy cy 'kwU; gS
rFkk laihM+u ;k ruko cy ywi esa mRiUu gksrk gS] ftls RIB O;atd }kjk fn;k tkrk gS] ;gk¡ R ywi dh
f=T;k gS rFkk I ywi esa /kkjk gSA
(iv) ;fn pqEcdh; {ks= vle:i gS rc /kkjkokgh pkyd ij cy
  
=F ∫ Id  ×B

(v) ;fn ,d /kkjk ywi le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa fLFkr gS rc ywi ij dqy cy 'kwU; gSA bl fLFkfr esa dF rFkk

τ 'kwU; gks Hkh ldrk gS vkSj ugha HkhA

�⃗ = 0
F �⃗ = 0
F �⃗ = 0
F
τ�⃗ ≠ 0 τ�⃗ ≠ 0 τ�⃗ ≠ 0

(a) (b) (c)

(vi) /kkjkokgh pkyd ij pqEcdh; cy ij vfrfjä mnkgj.k

F=Bi (2R) F=Bi (2R) F=Bi (2R)
× × × × × × × ×i × × × × ×
F=Bil i Net F = 0 i
× × × × × × × × × × × × ×
(A) ; ;
R O T = BiR ⇒
i O R T
l (tension) T
× × × × × × × × × × × × ×
F=Bi (2R) 2T = F
× × × × × × × × × T = BiR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(B) fn, x, fp= esa Mg − Bil =
2kx
mg − Bil
⇒x= ¼çR;sd fLçax esa çlkj½
2k
× × × ×
k Bi k
× × i× ×
B
mg

× × × ×
C
34 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
(C) fu;r /kkjk 'i' çokfgr gks jgh gS
LykbMj rFkk iVfj;ksa ds e/; ?k"kZ.k xq.kkad = 'μ' ⃖i
pqEcdh; {ks= dk Å/kZo~ k/kj ?kVd = B F  m/okZ/kj
'm' nzO;keku �B⃗
fQlyu jksdus ds fy, Bil ≤ µmg vFkkZr~ dk LykbMj i
µmg
B≤ {kSfrt iVfj;k¡
i

(D) lkE;koLFkk ds fy,=
Bil mgsinθ ¼ B ry ds yEcor~ gS½
B N Bi
i ×
M nzO;eku i
mg cosθ

;k mg
�B⃗ fpduh lrg
θ θ

mg tan θ
lkE;koLFkk ds fy;s Bi = mg sin θ i=
B

(E) ;fn B Å/kZ~ok/kj gS] rc

B
N
i ×
M mass i Bi
mg cosθ + Bi sinθ

mg
�B⃗ Smooth
θ θ

mg tan θ
i=
B

Example 23:
0.2 m yEcs ,d {ksfrt rkj esa 4 A èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gS] pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku o fn'kk Kkr djsa] tks rkj ds Hkkj
dks ogu dj ldrk gS \ fn;k gS rkj dk nzO;eku 3 × 10–3 kg/m
Solution:
;gk¡ rkj dk nzO;eku, m = (3 × 10–3) × 0.2 kg; Ι = 4 A; B = ?;  = 0.2 m Fm
vkjksfir pqEcdh; {ks= ds dkj.k èkkjkokgh rkj ij cy
F = IB
rkj dk Hkkj = mg
lkE;koLFkk dh fLFkfr F = IB = mg
mg (3 × 10−3 × 0.2) × 9.8 –3
or B = = = 7.35 × 10 T mg
I 4 × 0.2
rkj dk Hkkj cy F }kjk ogu fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn F ÅèokZèkj Åij ¼vFkkZr rkj ds Hkkj ds foifjr½ dh vksj

dk;Zjr gksA rks B dh fn'kk {kSfrt rFkk èkkjkokgh rkj ds yEcor~ gksrh gSA

Sarvam Career Institute 35

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Example 24:
,d vkd`fr dk èkkjk ywi ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= B esa fLFkr gSA fl) dhft, fd ywi ij dk;Zjr dqy pqEcdh;
cy 'kwU; gS &
Solution:
F1 = AD ij cy = iB ( −ˆj)
⊗ 
F2 = BC ij cy = iB ( +ˆj) A D
⊗B
;s ijLij ,d nwljs dks fujLrj djrs gSA 
⊗

F3 = CD ij cy = iB ( −ˆj) ⊗
B C
F4 = AB ij cy = iB ( +ˆj)  ⊗

;s Hkh ijLij ,d nwljs dks fujLrj djrs gS

vr% oLrq ij dqy cy 'kwU; gSA

7.1 nks lekUrj èkkjkokgh pkydksa ds eè; pqEcdh; cy

∞ ∞ ∞

I1 I2 I1 I2
���⃗1
F ����⃗
F2 ���⃗1
F ����⃗
F2
vkd"kZ.k
∞ ∞
leku fn'kk esa /kkjk foijhr fn'kk esa /kkjk cy
cy vkd"khZ gksxk çfrd"khZ gksxk
,d èkkjkokgh pkyd ij Lo;a ds {ks= ds dkj.k dk;Zjr pqEcdh; cy 'kwU; gksrk gSA vr% fp= esa nks vuUr yEckbZ
ds lekUrj pkyd d nwjh ij fLFkr gSA ftuesa Ι1 vkSj Ι2 èkkjk çokfgr gSA
µ0 Ι1
pkyd (2) ij fLFkr izR;sd fcUnq ij èkkjk Ι1 ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks= B1 = [pkyd (2) ds fy;s le:i {kS=]
2πd
µΙ
pkyd (1) ij fLFkr izR;sd fcUnq ij èkkjk Ι2 ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks= B2= 0 2 [pkyd (1) ds fy, pqEcdh; {ks=]
2πd
çR;sd pkyd rkj ij vYika'k 'd' ekurs gSAa ;g vYika'k cká pqEcdh; {ks= ls ledks.k ij O;ofLFkr gS] rks çR;sd
pkyd ds vYika'k ds }kjk vuqHko fd;k tkus okyk pqEcdh; cy
µ 0 I1I 2
dF12 = B2 I1 d = d ...(i)
2πd
µ II
dF21 = B1 I2 d = 0 1 2 d ... (ii)
2πd
tgk¡ dF12 pkyd (2) ds {ks= ds dkj.k pkyd (1) ds vYika'k ij yxus okyk pqEcdh; cy gS vkSj dF21 pkyd (1)
ds {ks= ds dkj.k pkyd (2) ds vYika'k ij yxus okyk pqEcdh; cy gSA
dF12 dF µΙΙ
çR;sd pkyd dh çfr ,dkad yEckbZ ij dk;Zjr pqEcdh; cy = 21 = 0 1 2
d d 2πd
µ0 Ι1 Ι 2
vr% f = N/m (S.I. es)a
2πd
2Ι Ι
,oa f = 1 2 dyne/cm (C.G.S. es)a
d

C
36 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
µ0 Ι1 Ι 2
• cy f = ml fLFkfr esa iz;qä gksrk gS] tc de ls de ,d pkyd vuUr ∞ L
2πd
yEckbZ dk gks ftlls ;g nwljs pkyd ds fy, le:i pqEcdh; {ks= ds L=ksr dh
Hkk¡fr O;ogkj dj ldsA I1 I2 
pkyd 'LN' ij pqEcdh; cy
µ Ι Ι  d N
FLN = f ×  ⇒ FLN =  0 1 2  
 2πd  (source)

Exercise 1.6

1. le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa fdlh dks.k ij O;ofLFkr 5. ,d èkkjkokgh oy; dh v{k ds vuqfn'k ,d lhèkk
èkkjkokgh pkyd ij :– èkkjkokgh rkj j[kk gqvk gSA lhèkk rkj &
(1) dsoy cy dk;Z djrk gS (1) o`Ùkkdkj oy; ij vUnj dh vksj cy yxk;sxk
(2) cy vk?kw.kZ dk;Z djrk gS (2) o`Ùkkdkj oy; ij ckgj dh vksj cy yxk;sxk
(3) nksuksa (3) o`Ùkkdkj oy; ij dksbZ cy ugha yxk;sxk
(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (4) o`Ùkkdkj oy; ij vius lekukUrj cy yxk;sxk

2. r f=T;k ds ,d o`Ùkkdkj pkyd esa i èkkjk izkofgr 6. ifjukfydk ds vanj 5 lseh yackbZ dk ,d rkj
gks jgh gSA ;g le:ih pqEcdh; {ks= B esa bl blds dsaæ ds fudV bl çdkj j[kk tkrk gS fd
izdkj j[kk gqvk gS] fd bldk ry B ds yEcor~ ;g ifjukfydk v{k ds lkFk 30° dk dks.k cukrk
gSA ywi ij dk;Z djus okyk pqEcdh; cy gksxkA gSA rkj esa 5 A fo|qr /kkjk çokfgr gksrh gS vkSj
(1) 'kwU; (2) πirB ifjukfydk ds dkj.k pqacdh; {ks= 2.5 × 10–2 T gSA
(3) 2πirB (4) irB rkj ij pqacdh; cy D;k gS\
–4 –4
(1) 3.12 × 10 N (2) 31.2 × 10 N
3. 0.5 m yEck ,d lhèkk rkj ftlesa 1.2 A èkkjk –4
(3) 312 × 10 N (4) 0.312 × 10 N
–4

izokfgr gks jgh gS] 2.0 Vslyk ds le:i pqEcdh;

{ks= ds vfHkyEcor~ j[kk x;k gSA rkj ij dk;Z'khy 7. fp= esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj eqM+k gqvk ,d rkj 'LN' 5 T
cy gksxkA ds ,dleku yacor pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kk x;k gSA
(1) 2 N rkj ls 10 A /kkjk çokfgr gksrh gSA rkj }kjk vuqHko
(2) 2.4 N fd;k tkus okyk pqacdh; cy gS :&
(3) 1.2 N N
(4) 3 N
4 cm
4. nks yEcs lekUrj rkj ijLij 1 ehVj dh nwjh ij I=10 A
gSaA nksuksa esa ,d ,sfEi;j dh èkkjk izokfgr dh tkrh 6 cm
4 cm
gS nksuksa rkjksa dh izfr ,dkad yEckbZ ij dk;Z djus ⨀B=5 T
okyk vkd"kZ.k cy gksxk% L
–7
(1) 2 × 10 N/m (1) 5 N
–8
(2) 2 × 10 N/m (2) 10 N
–8
(3) 5 × 10 N/m (3) 2.5 N
(4) 10
–7
N/m (4) 1.25 N

Sarvam Career Institute 37

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
8. ,d rkj ABCDEF ftldh çR;sd Hkqtk dh yackbZ 11. rhu yacs lh/ks /kkjkokgh rkj] fp=kuqlkj O;ofLFkr
'' gS] tSlk fd fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA vkSj blesa gksrs gSaA rkj Q ds 10 lseh Hkkx ij pqacdh; cy
D;k gS\
/kkjk I izokfgr gks jgh gSA ;fn bls ,d le:i P Q R
pqacdh; {ks= B esa j[kk tkrk gS tks +y fn'kk ds
lekukarj gSA rkj }kjk vuqHko fd;k tkus okyk
pqacdh; cy gS:& 2A 4A 6A
z
C 2m 2m
 –9
I (1) 16 × 10 N, nkbZa vksj
D 
–8
(2) 16 × 10 N, nkbZa vksj
A –8
B y (3) 16 × 10 N, ckbZa vksj
 �B⃗ext (uniform) –9
E (4) 16 × 10 N, ckbZa vksj
F
x 
12. ,d vk;rkdkj ywi ABCD dks vuar yackbZ ds
(1) BI, + z fn'kk ds vuqfn'k /kkjkokgh rkj ds ikl j[kk x;k gSA ywi ij pqca dh;
cy gS :&
(2) BI,–z fn'kk ds vuqfn'k A B
(3) 2BI, k + z fn'kk ds vuqfn'k
25A 15A 10cm
(4) 2BI, –z fn'kk ds vuqfn'k
D C
5cm 25cm
9. ,d /kkjk 'I' rkj PQR ls çokfgr gks jgh gSA ;g (source)
rkj ,d dks.k ds :i esa eqM+k gqvk gS vkSj fp= ds –4
(1) 1.25 × 10 N, vkd"kZ.k
vuqlkj ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= 'B' gSA ;fn PQ= –4
(2) 1.25 × 10 N, çfrd"kZ.k
–4
vkSj ∠PQR = 60° gSA PQ vkSj QR ij pqacdh; (3) 12.5 × 10 N, çfrd"kZ.k
–4
cyksa dk vuqikr Øe'k% :& (4) 12.5 × 10 N, vkd"kZ.k

Q 13. ,d yEcs {kSfrt n`<+ rkj 'P' esa 50 ,WEih;j dh

/kkjk izokfgr gksrh gSA ,d nwljk rkj Q, P ds
I 60° lekUrj vkSj lh/kk Åij j[krs gSaA rkj Q dk Hkkj

90° B 0.075 U;wVu/eh. vkSj blesa izokfgr /kkjk
25 ,WEih;j gSA P ls rkj Q dh ml nwjh dk eku
P R
gksxk, tgk¡ rkj Q pqEcdh; izfrd"kZ.k ds dkj.k ok;q
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 3 :2 esa larqfyr jgs :-
(1) 33.3 mm (2) 0.33 mm
(3) 2 : 3 (4) 1 : 1
(3) 333 mm (4) 3.33 mm

10. 10 A dh ,d /kkjk nks yacs lekukarj rkjksa ls çokfgr 14. ,d yEck {kSfrt rkj n`<+rk ls ca/kk gS rFkk blesa
gksrh gSA çR;sd rkj ij pqacdh; cy 2 × 10 N/m –3 100 ,WEih;j /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gSA ,d nwljk rkj
gSA ;fn mudh /kkjk,¡ nksxquh gks tkrh gSa vkSj muds ftldk js[kh; nzO;eku /kuRo 2 × 10–3 fdxzk./eh.
chp i`FkDdj.k vk/kk gks tkrk gS rks çR;sd rkj dh gS, n`<+ rkj ds lekUrj o uhps O;ofLFkr gSA ;fn
eqDr rkj n`<+ rkj ls ok;q esa 2 lseh. nwjh ij larqfyr
çfr bdkbZ yackbZ esa pqacdh; cy fdruk gksxk\ gS, rks eqDr rkj esa /kkjk dk eku gksxk :-
–3 –3
(1) 16 × 10 N/m (2) 8 × 10 N/m (1) 19.6 A (2) 9.8 A
–3
(3) 4 × 10 N/m (4) 32 × 10 N/m
–3 (3) 4.9 A (4) 100 A

C
38 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
8. fo|qr/kkjk ik'k ij cy vk?kw.kZ] pqacdh; f}/kqo
8.1 ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa vk;rkdkj /kkjkokgh ik'k ij cy vk?kw.kZ
;fn i /kkjkokgh, {ks=Qy A rFkk N ?ksjksa okys ,d /kkjk ywi dks le:i pqEcdh; {ks= 'B' esa j[kk tkrk gS rks
=τ NiABsin
= θ MBsinθ
  
τ= M × B
tgk¡] M = NiA" ¼pqEcdh; f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ½
 
θ, M rFkk B ds e/; dks.k gS

fLFkfr (i) :
 
M,B ds yEcor~ gS

���⃗ �⃗
B
M

I
I

(a)
θ = 90°
  
τ= M × B= MB ¼vf/kdre½

fLFkfr (ii) :
 
M,B ds lekUrj gS
  
τ= M × B= 0 ¼U;wure½

I �B⃗
���⃗
M

(b)

fLFkfr (iii) :
 
ekuk θ,M rFkk B ds e/; dks.k gS
���⃗
M

θ
�⃗
B
I

(c)
(a) ;fn θ = 0° ¼LFkk;h lkE;koLFkk½
(b) ;fn θ = 180° ¼vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk½
 
(c) ;fn M rFkk B ds e/; dks.k θ gS
=τ MBsinθ
Sarvam Career Institute 39
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
8.2 le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d /kkjk ywi dks ?kw.kZu djkus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z
θ1 ls θ2 rd ?kqekus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z
=W MB ( cosθ1 − cosθ2 )

8.3 le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d /kkjk ywi dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ

 
U = −MBcosθ = −M ⋅ B
;s lHkh laca/k vk;rkdkj ywi f=Hkqtkdkj] o`Ùkh; ;k fdlh ;k–fPNd vk—fr ds fy, ekU; gSA

8.4 ifjØe.k djrs gq,s bysDVª‚u dk pqacdh; f}/kzoq vk?kw.kZ

1911 esa MsuekdZ ds HkkSfrd fotkuh uhYl cksj us gkbMªkstu tSls ¼,d bySDVª‚u okys½ijek.kqvksa ds fy, ,d e‚My
çLrkfor fd;k FkkA cksj ds e‚My esa bySDVª‚u ¼_.kkosf'kr d.k½ ,d /kukosf'kr ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj ifjØek djrk
gSA ?kwf.kZr bysDVª‚u y?kq ywi fufeZr djrk gS] tks ,d pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ μ mRiUu djrk gSA
( −e ) ( e =
+1.6 × 10−19 C ) vkos'k okyk bySDVª‚u] +ze vkos'k okys fLFkj] Hkkjh ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj ,dleku o`Ùkkdkj
xfr djrk gSA ;g ywi esa /kkjk I mRiUu djrk gSA e–
e ev
ywi esa /kkjk I= =
T 2πr r
çokfgr gks jgh fo|qr/kkjk ls lEc) pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ
ev evr +ze
( µe=) IA= × πr=
2

2πr 2
e
µe = (me vr )
2me
nh
cksgj e‚My ds vuqlkj=L m=
e vr
2π
e
µo = L
2me
¼;gk¡ L, dsUæh; ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj bySDVª‚u dk dks.kh; laosx gS ftls d{kh; dks.kh; laosx dgk tkrk gS½
lfn'k :i esa]
 −e 
µe = L
2me
_.kkRed fpg ;g n'kkZrk gS fd bySDVª‚u dk dks.kh; losx] pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ ls foijhr fn'kk esa gSA –e vkos'k okys
bySDVª‚u dh ctk; ;fn geus (+q) vkos'k vkSj mq æO;eku okys fdlh d.k dks fy;k gksrk rks vuqikr
µ q
=
L 2mq
?kw.kZpqacdh; vuqikr dgk tkrkA ;g fdlh d.k ds fy, fu;r gksrk gSA bySDVª‚u ds fy, bldk eku
10
8.8 × 10 dwyke/fdxzk gSA
e 1.6 × 10−19 × 6.63 × 10−34
( µe )min = h= −31
= 9.27 × 10−24 Am2
4πme 4 × 3.14 × 9.11 × 10
eku pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dk vYi eku gS ftldks cksgj esXusVª‚u dgrs gSaA

C
40 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Example 25:
èkkjkokgh ywi ABCDEFA dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ Kkr dhft;sA ywi dh izR;sd Hkqtk 10 lseh gS o ywi esa èkkjk i = 2 A
gSA
C D

B E

A
F
Solution:
Hkqtk BE esa nks leku fdUrq foijhr èkkjk,sa ekuus ij nks èkkjkokgh ywi (ABEFA rFkk BCDEB) izkIr gksrs gSaA muds
pqEcdh; vk?kw.kksZa ds ifjek.k leku gS fdUrq ijLij yEcor~ gSaA
C D

B E

F
A

vr% Mnet= M2 + M2 = 2M
tgk¡ M = iA = (2.0)(0.1)(0.1) = 0.02 A-m2
2 2
⇒ Mnet= ( 2 )(0.02) A-m = 0.028 A-m

Example 26:
100 Qsjks rFkk 0.05 m f=T;k dh ,d o`Rrkdkj dq.Myh esa 0.1 A èkkjk izokfgr gS dq.Myh dks pqEcdh; {ks= ds
yEcor v{k ds ifjr% 180° ls 1.5 T ds ,d ckg~; {ks= esa ?kqekus ds fy, vko';d dk;Z Kkr dhft, \ dq.Myh
ry izkjEHk esa pqEcdh; {ks= ls ledks.k ij gS
Solution:
fd;k x;k dk;Z W = MB (cos θ1–cos θ2) = NΙAB (cos θ1 – cos θ2)
2 2
W = NΙπr B (cos θ1– cos θ2) = 100 × 0.1 × 3.14 × (0.05) × 1.5 (cos 0° – cos π) = 0.2355J

8.5 /kkjk ywi pqEcdh; f}/kqzo ds :i esa

µ0 2 × i × πR 2 µ0 2M
=BO =
4 π (R 2 + x 2 ) 3/2
4π (R 2 + x 2 )3/2

µ0 2M
x >> R ds fy, B =
4π x 3
tc M = i × πR2 dks pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ dgk tkrk gSA
  2
M = i × A bdkbZ (A m )

M okekorZ /kkjk ds fy, ckgj dh vksj gSA

M nf{k.kkorZ /kkjk ds fy, vUnj dh vksj gSA

R
i �⃗ (nk;ha vksj)
B
x

Sarvam Career Institute 41

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 1.7

1. ,d o`Ùkkdkj oy; dh f=T;k 5 lseh- gSA blesa 0.1 6.

2
0.01 m {ks=Qy ds ,d èkkjkokgh ywi esa 10 A èkkjk
,sEih;j dh èkkjk izokfgr gSA bldk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ çokfgr gks jgh gS rFkk ywi 0.1 T ds pqEcdh; {ks=
gksxk%& ds yEcor~ j[kk gS] rks ywi ij dk;Zjr cyk?kw.kZ
-4
(1) 1.32 × 10 ,Eih;j & eh
2
Nm esa gksxk %&
-4
(2) 2.62 × 10 ,Eih;j & eh
2 (1) 0 (2) 0.001
-4 2 (3) 0.01 (4) 1.1
(3) 5.25 × 10 ,Eih;j & eh
-4 2
(4) 7.85 × 10 ,Eih;j & eh
7. 100 ?ksjks okyh ,d dqUMyh fp=kuqlkj 1 T ds
pqEcdh; {ks= esa fLFkr gSA bl dq.Myh esa 1 A èkkjk
2. èkkjkokgh ywi dk f}èkqzo vk?kw.kZ fuHkZj ugha djrk gS& izokfgr gks jgh gSaA dq.Myh ij dk;Zdkjh cy vk?kw.kZ
(1) ywi esa èkkjk ij gksxkA
(2) ?ksjks dh la[;k ij
(3) ywi ds {ks=Qy ij
(4) pqEcdh; {ks= ftlesa ;g j[kk gS N 0.2m S

3. pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dh foek gSa %&

0.1m
(1) [L A]
2 (1) 1 N–m (2) 2 N–m
(2) [L A]
–1
(3) 3 N–m (4) 4 N–m
(3) [LT A]
2 –1
(4) [L T A] 8. leku yEckbZ ds pkj rkjksa dks pkj ywiksa P, Q, R o
S ds :i esa eksM+k tkrk gSaA bUgsa ,d leku pqEcdh;
4. ,d o`Ùkkdkj dq.M+yh esa èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA {ks= esa yVdk dj muesa leku èkkjk izokfgr dh
dq.Myh dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ gksxk& tkrh gSaA vfèkdre cy vk?kw.kZ yxsxkA
(1) dq.Myh esa rkj dh yECkkbZ ds lekuqikrh
P
(2) dq.Myh es rkj dh yEckbZ ds O;qRØekuqikrh Q S
R
(3) dq.Myh esa rkj dh yEckbZ ds oxZ ds lekuqikrh
(4) dq.Myh esa rkj dh yECkkbZ ds oxZ ds
O;qRØekuqikrh (1) P (2) Q
(3) R (4) S

5. fdlh vk;rkdkj ywi dk pqEcdh; f}èkqzo vk?kw.kZ &

9. L yEckbZ ds rkj esa èkkjk I cg jgh gSA ;fn rkj dks
(1) ywi esa èkkjk ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gS
,d o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh ds :i esa eksM+k tkrk gS rks
(2) ywi ds {ks=Qy ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gS
pqEcdh; {ks= B esa cy vk?kw.kZ dk vfèkdre ifjek.k
(3) ywi ds ry ds lekUrj o mlds {ks=Qy ds
gksxk&
lekuqikrh gksrk gS
LIB L2 IB
(4) ywi ds ry ds yEcor~ o mlds {ks=Qy ds (1) (2)
4π 4π
lekuqikrh gksrk gS
L2 IB LIB2
(3) (4)
2 2

C
42 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
10. ,d èkkjkokgh dq.Myh fu;r le:i pqEcdh; {ks= 14. 2.0 m yackbZ ds pkj rkjksa dks pkj ywi P,Q,R vkSj
B esa O;ofLFkr gSA bl ij cyk?kw.kZ dk eku S esa eksM+k tkrk gS vkSj fQj ,dleku pqacdh; {ks=
vfèkdre gksxk tc dq.Myh dk ry %& esa fuyafcr dj fn;k tkrk gSA lHkh ywi esa leku
(1) B ds yEcor gks /kkjk,a gksrh gSa] fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk dFku
(2) B ds lekUrj gks lR; gS:
(3) B ls 45° ij gks P
Q S
(4) B ls 60° ij gks R

11. tc ,d pqacdh; lqbZ dks vleku {ks= esa j[kk tkrk

(1) ywi P ij dk;Zjr cykiw.kZ lokZf/kd gS
gS rks lqbZ ,d vuqHko dj ldrh gS :&
(2) ywi Q ij dk;Zjr cykiw.kZ lokZf/kd gS
(1) cy (3) ywi R ij dk;Zjr cykiw.kZ lokZf/kd gS
(2) ?kw.kZu&cy (4) ywi S ij dk;Zjr cykiw.kZ lokZf/kd gS
(3) cy vkSj cyk?kw.kZ
(4) u cy vkSj u cykiw.kZ 15. ,d /kkjkokgh rkj ,d xksykdkj dqaMyh cukus ds
fy, eqM+k gqvk gSA ;fn bl dqaMyh dks fdlh vU;
12. pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ 50iˆ A–m2 dk pqacd x–v{k ds pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kk tk, rks dqaMyh ij vf/kdre
vuqfn'k j[kk tkrk gSA tgka pqacdh; {ks= cy vk?kw.kZ ds fy,] ?ksjks dh la[;k gksxh &
 (1) 1 (2) 2
=B (0.5iˆ + 3.0j)ˆ T gSA pqacd ij dk;Z djus okyk
(3) 4 (4) 8
cyk?kw.kZ gS :–
(1) 175 k̂ N-m (2) 150 k̂ N-m 16. pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ 4 A–m2 dk dksbZ pqacd 5 × 10–4 T
(3) 75 k̂ N-m (4) 37 25 k̂ N-m ds ,dleku pqca dh; {ks= esa pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ lfn'k
{ks= ds lkFk 30° dk dks.k cukrk gSA dks.k dks 30°
13. fp=kuqlkj ,d 100 ?ksjksa okyh dq.Myh, ftlesa ls 45° rd c<+kus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z &
–4 –4
2 ,WEih;j /kkjk izokfgr gSA B = 0.2 T lkeF;Z ds (1) 3.2 × 10 J (2) 1.6 × 10 J
–3 –3
pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kh xbZ gSA dq.Myh ij dk;Zjr (3) 1.6 × 10 J (4) 3.2 × 10 J
cy vk?kw.kZ dk eku rFkk AD o BC esa ls dq.Myh
17. ,d pqEcdh; lqbZ tks pqEcdh; {ks= ds lekUrj
dh dkSulh Hkqtk dkxt ds ry ls ckgj vkrh gSA
fo|eku gSA bls 60° /kqekus esa vko';d dk;Z W
8cm
A B bdkbZ gSA pqEcdh; lwbZ dks bl fLFkfr esa cuk;s
j[kus jgus ds fy;s vko';d cy vk|w.kZ gksxk :-
N 10 cm S
(1) W (2) 3W

D C W 3W
(3) (4)
2 2
(1) 0.16 N-m, BC Hkqtk dkxt ds ry ls ckgj
vkrh gS
18. ,d NM+ pqacd dk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ 2.5 A–m2 gksrk
(2) 0.16 N–m, AD Hkqtk dkxt ds ry ls ckgj
gS vkSj bls 0.2 T ds pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kk tkrk gSA
vkrh gS pqacd dks {ks= dh fn'kk ds lkis{k lekukarj ls
(3) 0.32 N, BC Hkqtk dkxt ds ry ls ckgj vkrh çfrlekukarj fLFkfr rd /kqekus esa fd, x, dk;Z
gS dh x.kuk djsa:&
(4) 0.32 N–m, AD Hkqtk dkxt ds ry ls ckgj (1) 0.1 J (2) 1 J
vkrh gS (3) 2 J (4) 5 J

Sarvam Career Institute 43

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
19. R f=T;k vkSj N ?ksjks okyh ,d o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh 20. ,d y/kq o`Ùkh; ywi 0.16 T ds le:i pqEcdh;
ls izokfgr /kkjk dk eku i gSA bl dq.Myh dks ckgkz {ks= esa bl izdkj O;ofLFkr gS, fd bldh v{k {ks=
pqEcdh; {ks= ess θ1 = 0° ls θ2 = 90° rd /kwf.kZr dh fn'kk ls 30° ij gSA bl fLFkfr esa ywi
djkus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z gksxk : - 0.032 N–m ifjek.k dk cy vk/kw.kZ vuqHko djrh
πNiR 2B gSA LFkk;h ,oa vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk esa ywi dh
(1) 2πNiR 2B (2) fLFkfrt ÅtkZ gksxh :-
2
3πNiR 2B (1) –0.064 J, + 0.064 J (2) –0.032 J, + 0.032 J
(3) πNiR 2B (4) (3) –0.016 J, + 0.016 J (4) 'kwU;, 'kwU;
2

9. vkosf'kr pkyd oLrq dk ?kw.kZu

q
bl fLFkfr esa pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ o dks.kh; laosx dk vuqikr fLFkj jgrk gS ftldk eku
2m
;gk¡ q = vkos'k rFkk m = oLrq dk æO;eku
M
= /kw.kZ pqEcdh; vuqikr
L
m æO;eku o R f=T;k okyh oy; dh ifjfèk ij q vkos'k forfjr gS
2
dks.kh; laosx L = Iω = (mR )(ω) ... (i)
2
pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ M = iA = (qf) (πR )
 ω 2 ωR 2
M = (q)   (πR ) = q ...(ii)
 2π  2
ω
 f=
2π
M q
lehdj.k (i) rFkk (ii) ls =
L 2m

++ ++ +q
+ +
+ +
+ R +
+ +
+ +
++ +
+ + ++ + + + + ω

;g O;atd oy; ds fy;s O;qRiUu fd;k x;k gS] fdUrq ;g vU; fi.Mksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA tSls pdrh] Bksl xksyk
vkfnA
qL q( Iω)
M= ⇒ M= , tgk¡ L = Iω
2m 2m
n`< fi.M oy; pdrh Bksl xksyk xksyh; dks'k
tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ (I) mR
2
mR 2
2 2 2 2
mR mR
2 5 3
qIω qωR 2 qωR 2 qωR 2 qωR 2
pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ =
2m 2 4 5 3

C
44 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Exercise 1.8

1. ,d d{kh; bysDVª‚u dk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ vkSj 5. ,d bysDVªkWu ¼vkos'k = 1.6 × 10-19 dwykWe½
s Øe'k% 'M' vkSj L gSaA d{kh; bysDVªkWu
dks.kh; laox -11
5.1 × 10 ehVj f=T;k dh o`Ùkh; d{kk esa
dk fof'k"V vkos'k :& 15
6.8 × 10 [email protected] dh vko`fÙk ls ifjØe.k
M dj jgk gSA rqY; èkkjk dk eku gksxk %&
(1)
2L -3
(1) 5.1 × 10 ,Eih;j
2M
(2) -3
(2) 6.8 × 10 ,Eih;j
L
-3
L (3) 1.1 × 10 ,Eih;j
(3) -3
2M (4) 2.2 × 10 ,Eih;j
2L
(4)
M 6. ,d bysDVªkWu gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dh f=T;k 0.53 Å
dh xksykdkj d{kk esa ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj vko`fr
2. vkos'k 'q' rFkk æO;eku 'm' dk ,d d.k dks.kh; 15
6.6 x 10 pDdj izfr lSd.M ls ?kwe jgk gS rks
pky 'ω' ds lkFk ,d o`Ùkkdkj d{kk esa xfr dj d{kk ds dsUnz ij mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= gS :
jgk gSA blds pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ dk dks.kh; laosx ds (1) 0.125 T (2) 1.25 T
lkFk vuqikr fdl ij fuHkZj djrk gS\ (3) 12.5 T (4) 125 T
(1) ω, q (2) ω, q, m
(3) q, m (4) ω, m 7. tc fn"V èkkjk fLiazx esa ls izokfgr gksrh gS] rks ;g:
(1) fldqMsxh
3. igyh d{kk esa d{kh; bysDVª‚u dk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ (2) izlkfjr gksxh
µB gS rks rhljh d{kk esa ml bysDVª‚u dk pqacdh; (3) nksyu djsxh
vk?kw.kZ :& (4) vifjofrZr jgrh gS
(1) µB
µB 8. ,d vkosf'kr d.k dk vkos'k bysDVªkWu ds vkos'k
(2) dk 100 xquk gSA ;g 0.8 m f=T;k ds o`Ùkkdkj iFk
3
(3) 3µB ij izfr lsd.M 1011 pDdj yxk jgk gSA iFk ds
(4) 9µB dsUæ ij mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku gksxkA
–7 10−7
(1) 10 µ0 (2)
4. ,d ghfy;e ukfHkd 0.8 ehVj f=T;k ds ,d µ0
–17 –6
xksykdkj iFk esa ?kwe jgk gSA ;fn ,d pDdj iwjk (3) 10 µ0 (4) 10 µ0
djus esa 2 lsdaM yxrs gSaA o`Ùk ds dsaæ ij mRiUu
pqacdh; {ks= :& 9. r f=T;k dh ,d oy; dks q vkos'k ls ,d leku
−19
(1) µ0 × 10 T :i ls vkosf'kr fd;k x;k gSaA ;fn oy; dks ω
10−19 dks.kh; vko`fÙk ls ?kqek;k tk, rks mlds dsUæ ij
(2) T
µ0 pqEcdh; izsj.k gksxkA
(3) 2 × 10−19 T –7 ω –7 q
(1) 10 × (2) 10 ×
qr ωr
2 × 10−19
(4) T r qω
µ0 (3) 10 ×
–7 –7
(4) 10 ×
qω r

Sarvam Career Institute 45

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
10. midj.k
10.1 pydqaMyh /kkjkekih dk fl)kUr
tc fdlh fo|qr/kkjkokgh dqM a yh dks fdlh pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kk
tkrk gS rks ml ij cy vk?kw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA pydqaMyh
/kkjkekih esa f=T; {ks= dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tks fd vory
ladsrd Ldsy
vkdkj ds /kzoq ksa okyh pqacd ls çkIr gksrk gSA bl çdkj ds {ks=
esa dqaMyh dk ry lnSo gh pqca dh; {ks= ds lekukUrj gksrk gS
ftlls ml ij vf/kdre cy vk?kw.kZ dk;Z djrk gSA N S
dq.Myh esa fo{ksfir cyk?kw.kZ = NiAB sinθ dq.Myh
;fn {ks= dks vjh; cuk;k x;k gS θ = 90° ueZ yksg
fo{ksfir cyk?kw.kZ τ = NiAB ØksM
çR;ku;u cy ;qXe = cφ csyu
lkE;koLFkk esa NiAB = cφ
tgk¡] ladsrd }kjk cuk;k x;k dks.k φ gS ,oa c fuyEcu rkj esa çfr ,saBu çR;ku;u cy vk?kw.kZ gSA
c
=i φ
NAB
φ NBA
fo|qr/kkjk lqxzkfgrk] =
i c
φ φ NBA
oksYVrk lqxzkfgrk] = =
V iR cR

10.2 osx p;ud

ekuk ,d mnkgj.k ysrs gSa ftlesa fo|qr ,oa pqacdh; {ks= ,d&nwljs ds vfHkyEcor gSa vkSj d.k ds osx ds Hkh
vfHkyEcor gSa] tSlk fd fp= esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS
Kkr gS fd] y
 
=E ˆ
=
Ej,B ˆ  viˆ
=
Bk,v
     E
=Fe qE,F=m q(v × B) FE
  
F= Fe + Fm x
 +q v
ˆ
⇒ F= qEjˆ + q(viˆ × Bk) B
 FB
⇒ F= q[E − vB]jˆ z
bl çdkj fo|qr o pqacdh; cyksa dh fn'kk,a ,d&nwljs ds foijhr gSa] tSlk fd n'kkZ;k x;k gSaA eku ysa fd ge E
vkSj B ds ekuksa dks bl çdkj ls lek;ksftr djrs gSa fd nksuksa cyksa dk ifjek.k leku gks tkrk gSA rc] vkos'k ij
dqy cy 'kwU; gksxk vkSj vkos'k {kS=ks esa fcuk fo{ksfir gq, xfr djsxkA ,slk rc gksrk gS tc
qE = qvB
E
⇒v=
B
bl fLFkfr dk mi;ksx fdlh fuf'pr osx ds vkosf'kr d.kksa ds p;u esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA Ø‚flr {ks=ksa ls dsoy
E
pky okys d.k gh fo{ksfir gq, fcuk xeu djrs gSaA
B

C
46 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
10.3 lkbDyksVª‚u
lkbDyksVª‚u ,d ,slh e'khu gksrh gS tks vkof'kr d.kksa vFkok vk;uksa dks Rofjr djds mUgsa mPp ÅtkZvksa ij ys
tkrh gSA lkbDyksVª‚u] vkosf'kr d.kksa dh ÅtkZ esa o`f) djus ds fy, fo|qr ,oa pqacdh;] nksuksa {ks=ksa ds la;kstu dk
mi;ksx djrk gSA pwafd ;s {ks= ,d&nwljs ds vfHkyacor gksrs gSa vr% bUgsa Ø‚flr {ks= dgk tkrk gSA lkbDyksVª‚u
bl rF; dks mi;ksx esa ykrk gS fd pqacdh; {ks= esa fdlh vkosf'kr d.k dh ifjØe.k vko`fÙk mldh ÅtkZ o pky
ij fuHkZj ugha djrhA vf/kdka'k le; d.k nks v/kZpUækdkj pdfr;ksa tSls /kkrq ds ik=ksa] D1 vkSj D2 ds vUnj xfr
djrk gSA bu ik=ksa dks 'Mht' dgk tkrk gS D;ksfd ;s vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds v{kj D dh rjg fn[krs gSaA fuEukafdr fp=]
lkbDyksVª‚u dks n'kkZrk gSA
dkxt ds ry ds
ckgj pqEcdh; {ks= fo{ksi.k IysV

fudkl iksVZ

vkosf'kr d.k
P

D1 D2

nksyd
bl leLr la;kstu vFkkZr iwjs ;U= dks fuokZrhr dj fn;k tkrk gS rkfd vk;uksa vkSj ok;q ds v.kqvksa ds chp dh
VDdjksa dks U;wure fd;k tk ldsA ^Mht* ij mPp vko`fÙk okyk çR;korhZ foHkokUrj ¼oksYVst½ vkjksfir fd;k tkrk
gSA fp= esa fn[kk, x, vuqlkj /kukRed vk;u vFkok /kukosf'kr d.k ¼mnkgj.kkFkZ çksV‚u½] dsUæ P ij eqä fd,
tkrs gSaA os nksuksa 'Mht' esa ls fdlh ,d esa v/kZo`Ùkkdkj iFk esa xfr djrs gSa vkSj T/2 le;kUrjky esa ^Mht* ds e/;
fLFkr fjä LFkku esa igq¡p tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ T, ifjØe.k dky gS tks fd fuEukafdr lw= ls çkIr fd;k tkrk gS
1 2πm
T= =
fc qB
qB
fc =
2πm
bl vko`fÙk dks LokHkkfod dkj.kksa ls] lkbDyksVª‚fud vko`fÙk dgk tkrk gS vkSj bls fc ls n'kkZrs gSaA
vkjksfir foHko dh vko`fÙk fa dks bl çdkj ls lek;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS fd 'Mht' dh /kqzork,a ¼/kqjh;rk,a½ Bhd&Bhd
mrus gh le; esa iyV tkrh gSa ftruk le; vk;uksa dks vk/kh ifjØek iwjk djus esa yxrk gSA bl vko';drk
(fa = fc) dks vuqukn dh 'krZ dgk tkrk gSA çR;sd ckj tc os ,d Mh ls fudy dj nwljs Mh esa tkrs gSa rks mudh
xfrt ÅtkZ esa qV dh o`f) gksrh gS ¼V] ml le; ij 'Mht' ds chp foHkokUrj ¼oksYVrk½ gS½A pwfd f=T;k] pky
dh lekuqikrh gksrh gS] çR;sd ckj tc mudh xfrt ÅtkZ c<+rh gS rks muds iFk dh f=T;k c<+rh tkrh gSA vk;u
ckjEckj 'Mht' ds chp rc rd Rofjr gksrs tkrs gSa tc rd fd muds ikl bruh ÅtkZ ugha vk tkrh ftlls mudh
f=T;k] 'Mht' dh f=T;k ds yxHkx cjkcj gks tk,A
qBR
vf/kdre pky v = tgk¡ R fuxZe ij ç{ksi iFk dh f=T;k gS vkSj ;g Mh dh f=T;k ds cjkcj gSA
m
vr:] vk;uksa dh xfrt ÅtkZ gS
1 2 q2B2R 2
mv =
2 2m

Sarvam Career Institute 47

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
;fn ,d vkos'k d.k Mht ds e/; varjky dks n ckj Ø‚l ¼ikj½ djrk gS] rc vf/kdre xfrt ÅtkZ = nqV
;fn ,d vkos'k d.k Mht esa N ifjØe.kl djrk gS] rc vf/kdre xfrt ÅtkZ = 2NqV
lkbDyksVª‚u dk mi;ksx ukfHkdksa ij ÅtkZoku d.kksa ¼lkbDyksVª‚u }kjk Rofjr fd, x,½ dh ceckjh djus ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj ifj.kkeh ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;kvksa dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSA bldk mi;ksx Bkslksa esa vk;uksa dk
çR;kjksi.k djus vkSj muds xq.kksa esa ifjorZu ykus ,oa ;gk¡ rd fd u, inkFkksZ dk la'ys"k.k djus ds fy, Hkh gksrk
gSA vLirkyksa esa bldk mi;ksx jsfM;ks/kehZ inkFkZ mRiUu djus ds fy, gksrk gS ftudk mi;ksx funku o mipkj esa
fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lkbDyksVª‚u dh lhek,a : tSls&tSls vkosf'kr d.k dks Rofjr fd;k tkrk gS] mldk osx c<+rk tkrk gS vkSj bl
dkj.k ls mldk æO;eku Hkh fuEukafdr lw= ds vuqlkj c<+rk gS :
m0
m=
 v2 
 1 − 
 c2 
bl dkj.k ls] 'Mht' ds vUnj O;rhr fd;k tk jgk le; (t ∝ m) Hkh c<+rk gSA vr% vkosf'kr d.k }kjk 'Mht' esa
mÙkjksÙkj vf/kd le; fy;k tkus yxrk gSA pwafd fo|qr {ks= ,d fu;r varjky ds ckn ifjofrZr gksrk gS] vkosf'kr
d.k] {ks= ls ihNs jg tkrk gSA varr% vkosf'kr d.k dks Rofjr djuk vlEHko gks tkrk gS D;ksfd og d.k] vkjksfir
A.C. ds pj.k ls iw.kZr: ckgj gks tkrk gSA
mijksä dfBukbZ dks nks fof/k;ksa ls fu;fU=r fd;k tk ldrk gS :
v2 v2
(a) tc v c<+rk gS rks 1− ?kVrk gS
A B dks bl çdkj ls c<+
k ,a fd B 1 − fu;r jgsA bl çdkj ds
c2 c2
lkbDyksVª‚u dks fladksVª‚u dgk tkrk gSA
(b) tc v c<+rk gS rks lkbDyksVª‚u dh vko`fÙk ?kVrh gSA fo|qr {ks= dks bl çdkj lek;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS fd
ç;qä {ks= dh vko`fÙk lnSo vkosf'kr d.k dh vko`fÙk ds leku jgrh gSA bl çdkj ds lkbDyksVª‚u dks vko`fÙk
e‚Mqfyr (Frequency Modulated) lkbDyksVª‚u vFkok flaØks&lkbDyksVª‚u dgk tkrk gSA

C
48 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
Exercise 2

1. nks lekUrj ,oa yEcs rkjksa esa i1 rFkk i2 èkkjk,¡ çokfgr 5. ,d vuUr yEcs rkj esa I èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA
gks jgh gS rFkk i1 > i2 gSA tc èkkjk,¡ ,d gh fn'kk B rFkk v{kh; nwjh ds eè; ifjorZu dks n'kkZus okyk
esa gS] rkjksa ds eè; fLFkr fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= dh vkjs[k gksxk:-
rhozrk 10 µT gSA ;fn i2 dh fn'kk ifjofrZr dj nh
tk;s rks {ks= 30 µT gks tkrk gSA vuqikr i1/i2 dk
eku gksxk & I
(1) 4 (2) 3
(3) 2 (4) 1

2. nks le:i dq.Mfy;k ftudh f=T;k,¡ R rFkk ?ksjks B B

dh la[;k N gSa] vius ry esa ,d nwljs ds yEcor~
ladsfUær gSA mueas izokfgr èkkjk dk eku I rFkk (1) (2)
I 3 gSa rks ifj.kkeh rhozrk dq.Myh ds dsUæ ij
2
(Wb/m es)a gksxhA r r

µ0NI µ0NI B B
(1) (2)
2R R
NI µ NI (3) (4)
(3) 3 µ0 (4) 5 0
2R 2R
r r
3. lHkh lhèks rkj cgqr yEcs gSA AB rFkk CD nksuksa pki
leku o`Ùk ds gSa] nksuksa pki dsUnz O ij ledks.k 6. nks yEcs lekukarj /kkjkokgh rkj ,d nwljs ls
cukrs gSA rc O ij pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk& 30 lseh dh nwjh ij j[ks x;s gS] muesa izokfgr /kkjk
A A'
10 A foifjr fn'kk esa gSA fdlh rkj ls 10 lseh
R i
B O dh nwjh ij rkjks ds chp fLFkr ,d fcUnq ij
C i C'
pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk %
D –5 –5
(1) 1 × 10 T (2) 6 × 10 T
–5 –5
B' D' (3) 1.5 × 10 T (4) 3 × 10 T
µ0i µ0i
(1) (2) 2
4πR 4πR 7. ,d lek{kh;] lhèkh dscy es dsUnzh; pkyd rFkk
µi µi ckg~; pkyd ls leku èkkjk,¡ ijLij foijhr
(3) 0 (4) 0 ( π + 1)
2πR 2πR fn'kkvksa esa çokfgr gks jgh gSA pqEcdh; {ks= 'kwU;
gksxk
4. nks leku èkkrq o leku yEckbZ ds nks eksVs o nks
irys rkj rhu rjg ls (P, Q o R) oxkZdkj ywi
cukrs gSA ftudh èkkjk dh fn'kk fp= esa fn[kk;h
gqbZ gSA fdl&fdl fLFkfr esa ywi ds dsUnz ij
pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku 'kwU; gksxk &
(1) dscy ds ckgj
P Q R (2) vkUrfjd pkyd ds vUnj
(3) ckg~; pkyd ds vUnj
(1) dsoy P esa (2) dsoy P o Q esa
(3) dsoy Q o R esa (4) dsoy P o R esa (4) nksuksa pkydksa ds chp esa
Sarvam Career Institute 49
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
8. ,d vuUr yEckbZ ds lhèks iryh nhokj okys ikbi 12. ,d Å/okZ/kj rkj esa Åij dh fn'kk esa /kkjk izokfgr
esa Ι èkkjk çokfgr gks jgh gS % gSA ,d bysDVªkWu iqat {kSfrt :i ls rkj dh vksj
(1) ikbi ds vanj lHkh fcUnqvksa ij pqEcdh; {ks= Hkstk tkrk gS] ;g fo{ksfir gksxkA ¼xq:Ro jfgr LFkku½
leku gksxk fdUrq 'kwU; ugha (1) nk;ha vksj (2) cka;h vksj
(2) ikbi ds vUnj fdlh Hkh fcUnq ij pqEcdh; (3) Åij dh vksj (4) uhps dh vksj
{ks= 'kwU; gksxk
(3) dsoy ikbi ds v{k ij pqEcdh; {ks= 'kwU; gksxk 13. lHkh d.kksa dks leku osx ls pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~
(4) ikbi esa fHkUu&fHkUu fcUnqvksa ij pqEcdh; {ks=
ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gS rks fuEu esa ls dkSuls d.k
fHkUu&fHkUu gksxk vfèkdre pqEcdh; cy vuqHko djsaxs \
(1) bysDVªkWu (2) çksVkWu
+ ++
9. ek/; f=T;k a, vuqizLFk dkV f=T;k r, vkSj ?ksjks dh (3) He (4) Li
dqy la[;k N dk ,d VksjkW;M esa /kkjk i izokfgr
14. 'a' f=T;k ds le:i o`Ùkkdkj rkj ds O;kl ds
gksrh gSA ;fn izcyrk B dk ,d leku pqEcdh;
foijhr fcUnqvksa esa ,d fcUnq ls èkkjk ços'k dj jgh
{ks= ykxw fd;k tkrk gS rks VksjkW;M }kjk vuqHko
gS vkSj nwljs fcUnq ls ckgj vk jgh gSA ,d vkosf'kr
fd;k tkus okyk cy vk?kw.kZ :
d.k q o`Ùkkdkj rkj ds dsUnz ls xqtjus okyh v{k
(1) 'kwU;
2
ds vuqfn'k v osx ls xqtj jgk gSA tc d.k o`Ùk ds
(2) B i N π r dsUnz ls xqtjrk gS rks bl ij dk;Zdkjh pqEcdh;
2
(3) B i N π a cy gksxk &
(4) pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk ij fuHkZj djrk gS µ0i µ0 i
(1) qν (2) qν
2a 2πa
10. ,d çksVkWu iqat mÙkj ls nf{k.k dh vksj xfr'khy µ0i
(3) qν (4) 'kwU;
gS rFkk ,d bysDVªkWu iqat nf{k.k ls mÙkj dh vksj a
xfr'khy gSA i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= dks ux.; ekuus
ij] bysDVªkWu iqat fo{ksfir gksxk & 15. ,d _.k vkosf'kr d.k xq:Roh; {ks= esa
(1) çksVkWu iqat dh vksj (2) çksVkWu iqat ls nwj LorU=rkiwoZd fxj jgk gSA mÙkj dh vksj bafxr
(3) bysDVªkWu iqat ls nwj (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugh ,d le:ih pqEcdh; {ks= esa ços'k djrk gS d.k
fo{ksfir gksxkA
(1) iwoZ esa (2) if'pe esa
11. fp=kuqlkj vle:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d vkosf'kr
(3) mÙkj esa (4) anf{k.k esa
d.k dks A ls NksMk+ tkrk gSA
16. ,d vkosf'kr d.k dks pqEcdh; cy js[kk ds vuqfn'k
xfr djok;h tkrh gSA d.k ij pqEcdh; cy gksxk%
A B C (1) blds osx ds vuqfn'k (2) blds osx ds foijhr
(3) blds osx ds yEcor~ (4) 'kwU;

17. ,d izksVkWu] ,d M~;wVªkWu rFkk ,d α-d.k] ftudh

xfr ds nkSjku A, B rFkk C fcUnqvksa ij osxksa dk xfrt ÅtkZ leku gSa] fu;r pqEcdh; {ks= esa
ifjek.k o`Ùkkdkj ekxksZa ij xfreku gSaA ;fn bu d.kksa ds
(1) A rFkk C ij vfèkdre gS ekxksZa dh f=T;k Øe'k% rp, rd rFkk rα }kjk iznf'kZr
(2) B ij vfèkdre gS gksrh gSa] rc
(3) A rFkk C ij U;wure gS (1) rα = rp < rd (2) rα > rd > rp
(4) A, B rFkk C ij leku gS (3) rα = rd > rp (4) rp = rd = rα
C
50 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
18. ,d vkosf'kr d.k dks ,d le:i fu;r rFkk 22. Ι1 /kkjkokgh dk rkj AB, Ι2 /kkjkokgh ds vU; yEcs
lekukUrj pqEcdh; rFkk oS|qr {ks= esa fojkekoLFkk rkj CD ds fudV j[kk gqvk gSA ;fn rkj AB xfr
ls NksM+k tkrk gS rks d.k fdl iFk esa xfr djsxkA djus ds fy, Lora= gks rc ;g
(1) lhèkh js[kk D
(2) o`Ùk I1
(3) dq.Mfyuh A B
(4) lfiZykdkj I2

C
19. nks irys yEcs lekUrj rkj ijLij 'b' nwjh ij gS
(1) dsoy ?kw.kZu xfr djsxk
buesa 'i' èkkjk izokfgr dh tk jgh gS ,d rkj }kjk (2) dsoy LFkkukUrjh; xfr
nwljs rkj dh ,dkad yEckbZ ij yxus okys cy dk (3) ?kw.kZu rFkk LFkkukUrjh; xfr djsxk
ifjek.k gksxk\ (4) u rks ?kw.kZu vkSj u gh LFkkukUrjh; xfr djsxk
µ 0 i2
(1) 23. nks cgqr yEcs] ljy js[kh; o lekUrj rkjksa esa LFkk;h
b2
èkkjk Ι o –Ι izokfgr gks jgh gSA rkjksa ds chp nwjh
µ 0 i2 d gSA fdlh {k.k] ,d fcUnq vkos'k q, rkjksa ds ry
(2)
2πb esa rFkk nksuksa rkj ls leku nwjh ij gSA bldk

µi rkR{kf.kd osx bl ry ds yEcor~ v gSA bl {k.k]
(3) 0
2πb pqEcdh; {ks= ds dkj.k vkos'k ij dk;Zjr cy gSA
µi µ 0 Iqv µ0 Iqv
(4) 0 2 (1) (2)
2πb 2 πd πd
µ0 Iqv
2µ
(3) (4) 0
20. ,d d.k] ftldk vkos'k bysDVªkWu ds vkos'k ds πd
leku gS] 0.5 T pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d 0.5 cm f=T;k
24. nks lekukUrj rkjksa esa 20 A rFkk 40 A èkkjk,¡ ijLij
ds o`Rrkdkj iFk ij pyrk gSA ;fn 100 V/m dk foijhr fn'kkvksa esa çokfgr gks jgh gSA bu nksuksa
fo|qr {ks= yxkus ij ;g d.k ,d lh/kh js[kk esa rkjksa ds Bhd eè; esa ,d vU; rkj fLFkr gSA ftlesa
pyrk gS] rks d.k dk nzO;eku gksxk% èkkjk dh fn'kk 20 A okys rkj dh èkkjk ls foijhr
–19
(fn;k gS bysDVªkWu dk vkos'k = 1.6×10 kg) gSA bl ij yxus okyk pqEcdh; cy gksxk &
–19
(1) 20 A dh vksj
(1) 1.6×10 kg (2) 40 A dh vksj
–24
(2) 2×10 kg (3) 'kwU;
–27 (4) èkkjkvksa ds ry ds yEcor~A
(3) 1.6×10 kg
–31
(4) 9.1×10 kg 25. rkj dk Hkqtk L okyk NksVk oxkZdkj ywi {kSfrt ry
esa j[kk gSA bls eè; ls bl çdkj eksM+k tkrk gS
21. 0.6 g rFkk 25 nC dk ,d d.k ,dleku osx fd bldk vkèkk Hkkx mèoZ ry essa gks ;fn ywi dks
4 –1 eksM+us ls iwoZ ,oa eksM+us ds i'pkr~ èkkjk ds dkj.k
1.2 × 10 ms ls ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= esa {kSfrt  
ywi ds pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ Øe'k% µ1 o µ2 gS rc :
fn'kk esa xfr dj jgk gS] rks pqEcdh; izsj.k dk 
(1) µ2 = 0
U;wure eku gksxk& (g = 10ms–2)  
(2) µ1 vkSj µ2 leku fn'kk esa gSA
(1) 'kwU; 
µ1
(2) 10 T (3)  = 2
µ2
(3) 20 T 
µ1 1
(4) 200 T (4)  =
µ2 2

Sarvam Career Institute 51

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 3

1. LrEHkksa dk feyku djsa : iz'u i<sa (3 ls 15)

LrEHk I LrEHk II dFku vkSj dkj.k /;ku ls ns[ks vkSj lgh fodYi
(a) ,d yach lh/kh (p) pj dks fpfUgr djsa
(A) nksuksa dFku vkSj dkj.k lR; gS vkSj dkj.k]
ifjukfydk ds vanj
dFku dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
pqacdh; {ks= gksrk gSA (B) nksuksa dFku vkSj dkj.k lR; gS vkSj dkj.k]
(b) VksjkW;My lksyukWbM ds (q) 'kwU; dFku dh lgh O;k[;k ugh gSA
vanj pqacdh; {ks= gksrk (C) dFku lgh gS dkj.k xyr gSA
gSA (D) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa xyr gSA
(c) ,d pkyd [kks[kys ikbi (r) fu;r
ds vanj pqEcdh; {ks= 3. dFku : py dqaMyh /kkjkekih esa mi;ksx fd, tkus
okys pqacd ds /kzqo VqdM+ksa dks f=T;h; pqacdh; {ks=
gksrk gS ftlesa /kkjk
çkIr djus ds fy, vory vkdkj fn;k tkrk gSA
mldh v{k ds lekukUrj dkj.k: ,d f=T;h; pqacdh; {ks= csgrj /kkjk
gksrh gSA lqxzkfgrk lqfuf'pr djrk gS vkSj /kkjk ekiu ds
(d) /kkjkokgh rkj dh lrg (s) vf/kdre fy, ,d jSf[kd iSekus dk mi;ksx djuk Hkh laHko
ij pqEcdh; {ks= gksrk gSA cukrk gSA
(1) A (2) B
(1) a−r; b−p; c−q, r; d−s
(3) C (4) D
(2) a−r; b−p; c−q; d−s
(3) a−r; b−p; c−r; d−s
4. dFku: rkjksa esa lekukarj /kkjk pqacdh; cy ds dkj.k
(4) a−r; b−p; c−s; d−s ,d nwljs dh vksj vkdf"kZr gksrh gSA
dkj.k: nks bysDVª‚u fdj.ksa ,d nwljs ds lekukarj
2. fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh esa LrEHk I dh izfof"V;ksa dks pyrs gq, fo|qr cy ds dkj.k ,d nwljs ls
LrEHk II dh izfof"V;ksa ls feyk,& çfrdf"kZr gksrh gSaA
(1) A (2) B
LrEHk I LrEHk II
(3) C (4) D
(a) vuar yacs rkj ds (p) µI
B= 0
dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks= 2πd
5. dFku: tc /kkjkokgh lh/ks rkj dks /kkjkokgh oy;
(b) /kkjk vo;o ds dkj.k (q) µ IN dh v{k ds vuqfn'k j[kk tkrk gS] rks ;g rkj ds
B= 0
pqEcdh; {ks= 2R pkjksa vksj ?kweuk 'kq: dj nsrh gSA
(c) /kkjk izokfgr dqaMyh (r) µ0 INR 2 dkj.k : vkosf'kr oy; ,d cyk?kw.kZ dk vuqHko
B= djsxh tc /kkjkokgh rkj mldh v{k ls xqtjsxkA
ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; 2(x 2 + R 2 )3/2
(1) A (2) B
{ks=
(3) C (4) D
(d) dqaMyh ds v{k ij (s) µ Id sin θ
dB = 0
pqEcdh; {ks= 4π r 2 6. dFku: tc dksbZ /kkjk ifjukfydk ls çokfgr gksrh
(1) a → r; b → s; c → q; d → p gS rks mldk izlkj gksrk gSA
(2) a → p; b → s; c → q; d → r dkj.k: ,d gh fn'kk esa /kkjkokgh nks lh/ks lekukarj
/kkrq ds rkj ,d nwljs dks çfrdf"kZr djrs gSaA
(3) a → s; b → r; c → p; d → q
(1) A (2) B
(4) a → p; b → r; c → q; d → s (3) C (4) D

C
52 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
7. dFku: yksjsat cy ,d vlaj{kh cy gSA 12. dFku: nks leku vkosf'kr d.kksa ds chp fo|qr cy
dkj.k: yksjsat cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z lnSo 'kwU; çfrd"khZ gksrk gS ysfdu muds chp pqacdh; cy
gksrk gSA mudh xfr ds vk/kkj ij vkd"khZ, çfrd"khZ ;k
(1) A (2) B vuqifLFkr gks ldrk gSA
(3) C (4) D dkj.k : pqacdh; {ks= LFkSfrd vkos'kksa ds lkFk ijLij
fØ;k ugh djrk gSA
8. dFku: ,d vkosf'kr d.k ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa (1) A (2) B
fu;r pky ls ,d o`Ùk esa ?kwe jgk gSA ;fn ge (3) C (4) D
d.k dh pky dks nksxquk dj nsa rks mldk Roj.k
pkj xquk gks tk,xkA 13. dFku: ,d bysDVª‚u vkSj ,d çksV‚u leku osx ds
dkj.k: pqacdh; {ks= esa fu;r pky ds lkFk o`Ùkkdkj
lkFk {ks= ds ledks.k ij ,d leku pqacdh; {ks=
iFk esa ,d vkosf'kr d.k dks Roj.k vfHkdsUæh;
esa ços'k djrs gSa] fQj] ewy iFk ls nksuksa dk fopyu
Roj.k }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA ;fn pky nksxquh dj nh
leku gksxkA
tk, rks vfHkdsUæh; Roj.k pkj xquk gks tk,xkA
dkj.k : Åij of.kZr fLFkfr esa] bysDVª‚u vkSj çksV‚u
(1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D
fofHkUu ifjek.k dh pqacdh; 'kfä;ksa dk vuqHko
djsaxsA
9. dFku: fdlh Hkh xfreku vkos'k ij pqca dh; cy (1) A (2) B
}kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z 'kwU; gksrk gSA (3) C (4) D
dkj.k: pqacdh; cy osx ds yacor gSA
(1) A (2) B 14. dFku: ,d vkosf'kr d.k 60° ij {ks= dh fn'kk esa
(3) C (4) D >qds gq, osx ds lkFk ,d leku pqacdh; {ks= esa
ços'k djrk gSA d.k pqacdh; {ks= ds vanj ,d
10. dFku: tc ,d vkosf'kr d.k dks ,d fuf'pr dks.k o`Ùkkdkj iFk ij xfr djsxkA
ds lkFk ,d le:i pqacdh; {ks= esa ç{ksfir fd;k dkj.k: pqacdh; {ks= ds vanj vkos'k ij pqacdh; cy
tkrk gS] rks dq.Mfyuh iFk esa viuh xfr ds nkSjku vkos'k dh o`fÙk; xfr ds fy, Li'kZjs[kh; cy çnku
;g dHkh Hkh {ks= ds lekukarj ;k yacor ugha djrk gSA
pysxkA (1) A
dkj.k: tc vkosf'kr d.k dks pqacdh; {ks= esa ,d (2) B
fuf'pr dks.k ij ç{ksfir fd;k tkrk gS] rks vkosf'kr (3) C
d.k }kjk vuqHko fd;k tkus okyk cy u rks {ks= (4) D
dh fn'kk esa gksrk gS vkSj u gh {ks= dh yacor fn'kk
esaA 15. dFku: ,d leku pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kh xbZ /kkjkokgh
(1) A (2) B
dqaMyh ,d cy dk vuqHko djrh gS tks {ks= dh
(3) C (4) D
fn'kk ds lkis{k dqaMyh ds ry ds vfHkfoU;kl ij
fuHkZj djrh gSA
11. dFku: lkekU;r% pqacdh; {ks= esa ?kweus okyk ,d
dkj.k: pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kk x;k ,d fo|qr /kkjkokgh
vkosf'kr d.k ,d cy dk vuqHko djrk gS ysfdu
mldh xfrt ÅtkZ fu;r jgrh gSA pkyd ,d cy F = iB cos θ dk vuqHko djrk gSA
dkj.k: pqacdh; cy }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z lnSo 'kwU; (1) A
gksrk gSA (2) B
(1) A (2) B (3) C
(3) C (4) D (4) D

Sarvam Career Institute 53

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

1. fdlh pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d èkkjk&ik'k ¼ywi½% 4. ,d izksVkWu rFkk ,d ,YQk d.k] fdlh ,d leku
[NEET_2013] pqEcdh; {ks= B ds {ks= esa izos'k djrs gSaA budh
(1) nks vfHkfoU;klksa esa lraqyu esa gks ldrk gS] xfr dh fn'kk {ks= N ds yEcor~ gSA ;fn] nksuksa
ftuesa ,d larqyu LFkk;h gksrk gS vkSj nwljk
d.kksa ds fy;s] o`Ùkkdkj d{kkvksa dh f=T;k vkil esa
vLFkk;hA
(2) ij lHkh vfHkfoU;klksa ¼fLFkfr;ksa½ esa cy vk?kw.kZ cjkcj gS vkSj izksVkWu }kjk vftZr xfrt ÅtkZ
¼VkWdZ½ yxrk gS] pkgs pqEcdh; {ks= le:i gks 1 MeV gS rks] ,YQk d.k }kjk vftZr ÅtkZ gksxh %
;k le:i [Re-AIPMT_2015]
(3) fdlh ,d fLFkfr ¼vfHkfoU;kl½ esa larqyu esa gks (1) 1 MeV
ldrk gSA (2) 4 MeV
(4) nks vfHkfoU;klksa esa larqyu esa gks ldrk gS vkSj
(3) 0.5 MeV
;s nksuksa larqyu vLFkk;h gksrs gSasA
(4) 1.5 MeV
2. tc fdlh dejsa esa ,d izksVkWu dks fojke voLFkk ls
eqDr fd;k tkrk gS rks] ;g izkjafHkd Roj.k a0 ls 5. ,d 0.12 m yEch] 0.1 m pkSM+h dq.Myh esa rkj ds
if'pe fn'kk dh vksj xfr djrk gSA ;fn bls v0 2
50 ?ksjs gSaA bldks 0.2 Weber/m ds le:i
osx ls mÙkj fn'kk dh vksj izsf{kr fd;k tkrk gS rks pqEcdh; {ks= esa Å/okZ/kj yVdk;k x;k gSA dq.Myh
;g izkjafHkd Roj.k 3a0 ls if'pe fn'kk dh vksj
esa 2 A dh fo|qr /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA ;fn
pyrk gS] rks bl dejs esa oS|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks=
dq.Myh] pqEcdh; {ks= ls 30° dks.k cukrh gS] rks
gS % [NEET_2013]
ma0 3ma0
bls jksds j[kus ds fy, vko';d cy&vk?kw.kZ dk
(1) iwoZ dh vksj] uhps dh vksj eku gksxk& [NEET_2015]
e ev 0
ma0 2ma0 (1) 0.12 Nm
(2) if'pe dh vksj] Åij dh vksj
e ev 0 (2) 0.15 Nm
ma0 2ma0 (3) 0.20 Nm
(3) if'pe dh vksj] uhps dh vksj
e ev 0 (4) 0.24 Nm
ma0 3ma0
(4) iwoZ dh vksj] Åij dh vksj
e ev 0 6. f=T;k r dh o`Rrkdkj d{kk esa xfr djrk gqvk ,d
bysDVªkWu ,d lsd.M esa n pDdj yxkrk gSA blls
3. nks loZle ¼,d ls½ yEcs pkyd rkj AOB rFkk
dsUnz ij mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk&
COD, ,d&nwljs ds Åij] vkil esa yEcor~ j[ks
x, gSa] vkSj O fcUnq ij ,d&nwljs dks dkVrs gSaA [NEET_2015]
buls Øe'k% I1 rFkk I2 /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSaA (1) 'kwU;
fdUrq O ls d nwjh ij] nksuksa rkjksa ds ry ds yEcor~ µ0n2e
(2)
rFkk fn'kk ds vuqfn'k fdlh fcUnq P ij pqEcdh; r
{ks= dk eku gksxk : [NEET_2014] µ 0ne
(3)
µ0 2 2 µ0 2 2 1/2
(1)
2πd
( I1 − I 2 ) (2)
2πd
( I1 + I 2 ) 2r
µ 0ne
(4)
µ I  µ 2πr
(3) 0  1  (4) 0 ( I1 + I2 )
2πd  I2  2πd

C
54 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
7. ,d rkj dk vkdkj ;gk¡ fp= esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA 10. fdlh yEcs rkj ls fu;r fo|qr&/kkjk izokfgr gks
blls I /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA rkj ds js[kh; Hkkx jgh gSA bl rkj dks ,d ?ksjs ds o`Rrkdkj ik'k ¼ywi½
cgqr yEcs gSa vkSj X-v{k ds lekUrj gSA rkj dk esa eksM+us ij blds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku
v)Zo`Rrkdkj Hkkx Y-Z lery esa gS vkSj bl Hkkx B gSA ;fn blh rkj dks n ?ksjks dh o`Rrkdkj dq.Myh
dh f=T;k R gS] rks fcUnq O ij pqEcdh; {ks= gS& esa eksM+ fn;k tkrk gS] rks bl n ?ksjks dh dq.Myh
[NEET_2015] ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk& [NEET_2016]
2
Z (1) 2nB (2) 2n B
I 2
(3) nB (4) n B
R
Y
I 11.
–2
3.57 × 10 VsLyk rhozrk ds vuqizLFk pqEcdh; {ks=
X ds izHkko esa ,d bysDVªkWu o`Rrh; d{kk esa ?kw.kZu dj
 jgk gSA ;fn e/m dk eku 1.76 × 1011 C/kg gks]
µ I ˆ ˆ
(1) B =− 0
4π R
π i − 2k ( ) rks bysDVªkWu ds ifjØe.k dh vko`fRr gksxh&
 [NEET_2016]
µ I ˆ ˆ
(2) B =− 0
4π R
π i + 2k ( ) (1) 62.8 MHz (2) 6.28 MHz
 µ0 I (3) 1 GHz (4) 100 MHz
=
(3) B
4π R
πˆi − 2kˆ( )
 µ0 I 12. 250 - ?ksjks okyh ,d vk;rkdkj dqaMyh dh yEckbZ
=
(4) B
4π R
πˆi + 2kˆ( ) 2.1 cm rFkk pkSM+kbZ 1.25 cm gSA blls 85 µA dh
fo|qr èkkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSAa bl ij 0.85 T
8. dksbZ oxkZdkj ik'k ¼ywi½ ABCD ftlls èkkjk i rhozrk dk ,d pqEcdh; {ks= vkjksfir fd;k tkrk
çokfgr gks jgh gS, fdlh yEcs lhèks pkyd XY gS] rks cy vk?kw.kZ ds fo:} bl dqaMyh ds 180° ls
ftlls èkkjk I çokfgr gks jgh gS] ds fudV ,d gh ?kqekus ds fy;s vko';d dk;Z dk eku gksxk :
ry esa j[kk gSA bl ik'k ij yxus okyk dqy cy [NEET_2017]
gksxk % [NEET_2016] (1) 9.1 µ J (2) 4.55 µ J
B C (3) 2.3 µ J (4) 1.15 µ J
Y
i 13. ;gk¡ fp= esa rhu lekUrj rkjksa dh ,d O;oLFkk
I L
X n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA ;s rkj bl isij ¼i`"B½ ds lery
A D ds yEcor~ gS vkSj lHkh ls “I” fo|qrèkkjk ,d gh
L/2 L
fn'kk esa izokfgr gks jgh gSA buds chp esa fLFkr]
2µ0 Ii µ0 Ii rkj 'B' dh izfr bdkbZ yEckbZ ij yxus okys cy
(1) (2)
3π 2π dk ifjek.k gksxk% [NEET_2017]
2µ0 IiL µ IiL d C
(3) (4) 0 B
3π 2π 90°

9. f=T;k a ds fdlh yEcs lhèks rkj ls dksbZ fu;r

d
èkkjk I izokfgr gks jgh gSA bl rkj dh vuqizLFk
dkV ij èkkjk ,dleku :i ls forfjr gSA rkj ds
a A
v{k ls f=T;k nwfj;ksa vkSj 2a ij Øe'k% pqEcdh;
2 µ° i
2
2µ° i2
{ks=ksa B vkSj B' dk vuqikr gS % [NEET_2016] (1) (2)
2πd πd
(1) 1/4 (2) 1/2
2µ° i2 µ° i2
(3) 1 (4) 4 (3) (4)
πd 2πd
Sarvam Career Institute 55
 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
14. 0.5 fdxzk@eh izfr bdkbZ yEckbZ nzO;eku dh fdlh 18. ,d 'R' f=T;k dh eksVh /kkjkokgh dsfcy esa /kkjk 'I'
/kkrq dh {kSfrt NM+ dks ,d fpdus vkur ry ij] blds vuqizLFk dkV ij leku :Ik ls forfjr gSA
tks {kSfrt ls 30° dk dks.k cukrk gS] ij j[kk x;k rkj ds dkj.k pqEcdh; {ks= B(r) dk ifjorZu rkj
gSA blesa fo|qr /kkjk izokfgr djkdj bl NM+ dks dh v{k ls 'r' nwjh ds lkis{k iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gS:
uhps ljdus ugha fn;k tkrk tc bl ij [NEET_2021]
0.25 VsLyk izsj.k dk pqEcdh; {ks= Å/okZ/kj fn'kk
esa dk;Z dj jgk gS] rks NM+ dks fLFkj j[kus ds fy,
(1) B
blesa izokfgr /kkjk gS& [NEET_2018]
(1) 7.14 A
(2) 5.98 A r
(3) 14.76 A
(4) 11.32 A
(2) B
15. fdlh py dq.Myh /kkjkekih dh /kkjk lqxzkfgrk
5 div/mA vkSj oksYVrk lqxzkfgrk (iz;qDr bdkbZ r
oksYVrk ls mRiUu dks.kh; fo{ksi) 20 div/V gSA bl
/kkjkekih dk izfrjks/k gS& [NEET_2018]
(1) 40 Ω (3) B
(2) 25 Ω
(3) 250 Ω r
(4) 500 Ω

16. 50 cm yEch fdlh ifjufydk] ftlesa 100 ?ksjs gS] (4) B

ls 2.5 A /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA bl ifjufydk ds
dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= gS % (µ0 = 4π × 10–7 Tm A–1) r
[NEET_2020]
–5
(1) 6.28×10 T 19. fn[kk, x;s vuar yEckbZ ds pkyd esa 5 ,fEi;j
(2) 3.14×10 T
–5
dh /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gSA pkyd ds lekUrj ,d
(3) 6.28×10 T
–4
bysDVªkWu 105 eh-@ls- ds pky ls xfr djrk gSA
(4) 3.14×10 T
–4 ,d {k.k ij bysDVªkWu rFkk pkyd ds chp yEcor~
nwjh 20 ls-eh- gSA ml {k.k ij bysDVªkWu }kjk vuqHko
17. L ehVj yEckbZ ds fdlh rkj dks] ftlesa I ,fEi;j fd;s tkus okys cy ds ifjek.k dh x.kuk dhft,A
dh /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gS] o`Ùk dks vkd`fr esa eksMk+ [NEET_2021]
5
x;k gSA bldk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ gS : Electron v = 10 m/s
[NEET_2020(Covid)]
2 2
(1) IL /4 Am 20 cm
2 2
(2) Iπ L /4 Am
2
(3) 2 IL /π Am
2 P 5A Q
2
(4) IL /4π Am
2
(1) 4 × 10−20 N (2) 8π× 10−20 N
(3) 4π× 10−20 N (4) 8 × 10−20 N

C
56 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
20. xq.kuQy 23. 1 feeh f=T;k dh ,d yach ifjufydk esa izfr feeh
   
F= q( υ× B) = qυ× (Biˆ + Bjˆ + B0k)ˆ 100 ?ksjs gSA ;fn ifjukfydk esa 1 A dh /kkjk izokfgr
 gksrh gS] rks ifjukfydk ds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks=
esa] q = 1 rFkk υ= 2iˆ + 4jˆ + 6kˆ
 dh rhozrk gksrh gS : [NEET_2022]
vkSj F =4iˆ − 20jˆ + 12kˆ ds fy, –2
(1) 6.28 × 10 T (2) 12.56 × 10 T
–2
 –4 –4
B dk lEiw.kZ O;atd D;k gksxk \ [NEET_2021] (3) 12.56 × 10 T (4) 6.28 × 10 T
(1) −8iˆ − 8jˆ − 6kˆ
24. ,d fu;r /kkjkokgh o`Ÿkkdkj vuqizLFk dkV ds ,d
(2) −6iˆ − 6jˆ − 8kˆ
yacs lh/ks rkj ds fy, ,Eih;j ds ifjiFk fu;e ls]
(3) 8iˆ + 8jˆ − 6kˆ rkj ds vanj vkSj ckgj {ks= esa pqacdh; {ks= esa
(4) 6iˆ + 6jˆ − 8kˆ ifjorZu [NEET_2022]
(1) nksuksa {ks=ksa ds fy, ,dleku rFkk fu;r jgrk gS
21. ,d 12a yEckbZ rFkk izfrjks/k 'R' ds le:i pkyd (2) rkj dh lhek rd nwjh dk ,d jSf[kd :i ls
rkj dks [NEET_2021] c<+us okyk Qyu vkSj fQj ckgjh {ks= ds fy,
(i) 'a' Hkqtk ds leckgq f=Hkqt rFkk jSf[kd :i ls ?kVus okyk QyuA
(ii) 'a' Hkqtk ds oxZ ds vkdkj dh /kkjkokgh (I) (3) rkj dh lhek rd nwjh r dk ,d jSf[kd :i ls
dq.Myh esa eksM+k tkrk gSA c<+rk gqvk Qyu vkSj fQj ckgjh {ks= ds fy,
izR;sd dq.Myh dk pqEcdh; f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ Øe'k% gS% 1/r fuHkZjrk ds lkFk ,d ?kVrk gqvk QyuA
(4) rkj dh lhek rd nwjh dk ,d jSf[kd :i ls
(1) 3 Ia2 and 3 Ia2
2 2
?kVrk gqvk Qyu vkSj fQj ckgjh {ks= ds fy,
(2) 3 Ia and Ia
,d jSf[kd :i ls c<+rk gqvk QyuA
2 2
(3) 3 Ia and 4 Ia
2 2
(4) 4 Ia and 3 Ia 25. tSlk fd fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gS] ,d cgqr yack
pkyd rkj A ls B rd v/kZo`Ùkkdkj vkdkj esa eqM+k
22. uhps nks dFku fn, x, gSa : [NEET_2022] gqvk gSA fu;r /kkjk foU;kl ds fy, fcanq P ij
dFku I: ck;ks lkoVZ dk fu;e dsoy gesa] fdlh pqacdh; {ks= bl çdkj fn;k x;k gS:
/kkjkokgh pkyd ds vR;ar lw{e /kkjk vo;o (Idl) [NEET_2023]
ds pqEcdh; {ks= dh rhozrk dk O;atd iznku djrk i→
gSA A
dFku II: ck;ks lkoVZ dk fu;e] vkos'k q ds dqykEc R
ds O;qRØe oxZ fu;e ds vuq:i gS] ftlesa igyk P
,d vfn'k L=ksr Idl }kjk mRiUu {ks= ls lacaf/kr ←i
B
gS] tcfd ckn okyk lfn'k L=ksr q }kjk mRiUu
{ks= ls lacaf/kr gSA µ0 i
(1) i`"B ls vanj dh vksj
mijksDr dFkuksa ds vkyksd esa] uhps fn, x, fodYiksa 4R
esa ls lokZf/kd mi;qDr mÙkj pqusa : µi
(2) 0 i`"B ls ckgj dh vksj
(1) dFku I ,oa dFku II nksuksa lgh gSA 4R
(2) dFku I ,oa dFku II nksuksa xyr gSA µ i 2
(3) 0 1–  i`"B ls ckgj dh vksj
4R  π 
(3) dFku I lgh gS fdUrq dFku II xyr gSA
(4) dFku I xyr gS fdUrq dFku II lgh gSA µ0 i  2 
(4) 1– i`"B ds vUnj dh vksj
4R  π 

Sarvam Career Institute 57

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
26. /kukRed x-v{k ds vuqfn'k I /kkjk izokfgr djus 31. pky c/100 (c = çdk'k dh pky) ls xfreku ,d
okys ,d rkj dh yEckbZ L gSA bls pqacdh; {ks= bysDVª‚u (æO;eku 9 × 10–31 kg vkSj vkos'k

= ˆ T esa j[kk tkrk gSA
B (2iˆ + 3jˆ – 4k) rkj ij –19
1.6 × 10 C) dks bldh xfr dh fn'kk ds yEcaor~
–4 
yxus okys pqacdh; cy dk ifjek.k gSA 9 × 10 T ifjek.k ds ,d pqEcdh; {ks= B esa
[NEET_2023] çfo"V djk;k tkrk gSA ge pqEcdh; {ks= ds lkFk

(1) 3 IL (2) 5 ΙL ,d ,dleku oS|qr {ks= E dks bl çdkj vuqç;qDr
(3) 5 IL (4) 3 ΙL djuk pkgrs gSa fd bysDVª‚u vius iFk ls fo{ksfir
u gksA rc (çdk'k dh pky c = 3 × 108 ms–1)
27. 250 xzke yEckbZ vkSj nzO;eku dk ,d yack lh/kk [NEET_2025]
 
rkj 0.7 T ds ,dleku {kSfrt pqacdh; {ks= esa {kSfrt (1) E , B ds lekUrj gS vkSj bldk ifjek.k
4 –1
#i ls yVdk gqvk gSA rkj ls cgus okyh /kkjk dh 27 × 10 V m gSA
 
ek=k gksxhA (g = 9.8 ms–2): (2) E , B ds lekUrj gS vkSj bldk ifjek.k
[NEET_2023(Manipur)] 2 –1
27 × 10 V m gSA
(1) 2.45 A (2) 2.25 A  
(3) E , B ds yEcor gS vkSj bldk ifjek.k
(3) 2.75 A (4) 1.75 A 2 –1
27 × 10 V m gSA
 
28. ,d leku fo|qr {ks= vkSj ,d leku pqacdh; {ks= (4) E , B ds yEcor gS vkSj bldk ifjek.k
4 –1
,d fuf'pr {ks= esa ,d gh fn'kk esa dk;Z dj jgs 27 × 10 V m gSA
gSA ;fn ,d bysDVªkWu dks {ks= esa bl izdkj iz{ksfir
fd;k tkrk gS fd mldk osx {ks=ksa dh fn'kk ds 32. 2 amp dh ,d /kkjk rk¡cs dh nks fHkUu NksVh o`Ùkkdkj
vuqfn'k funsZf'kr gks] rks bysDVªkWu : dq.Mfy;ksa] ftudh f=T;kvksa dk vuqikr 1 : 2 gS]
[NEET_2023(Manipur)] ls gksdj çokfgr gks jgh gSA muds laxr pqEcdh;
(1) xfr dh fn'kk ds nkbZa vksj eqM+ tk,xk vk?kw.kksaZ dk vuqikr gksxk [NEET_2025]
(2) xfr dh fn'kk ds ckbZ vksj eqM+ tk,xk (1) 2 : 1
(3) xfr de gks tk,xh (2) 4 : 1
(4) xfr c< tk,xh (3) 1 : 4
(4) 1 : 2
29. 10 cm f=T;k dh dldj fyiVh 100 ?ksjks okyh ,d
dqaMyh esa izokfgr /kkjk 7 A gSA dqaMyh ds dsUnz ij 33. ,d ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= B eas ,d bysDVªkWu dh
pqEcdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k gS (fn;k gS] fuokZr dh Dok.Vhd`r xfr ds fy, ,d ekWMy ;g dgrk gS
pqEcd'khyrk = 4π × 10–7 SI ek=d): fd bysDVªkWu dh d{kk ls gksdj xqtjus oky ¶yDl
[NEET_2024] n(h/e) gS tgk¡ n ,d iw.kkZad gS h IySad fu;rkad gS
(1) 4.4 mT (2) 44 T vkSj e bysDVªkWu ds vkos'k dk ifjek.k gSA ekWMy
(3) 44 mT (4) 4.4 T ds vuqlkj] viuh fuEure ÅtkZ voLFkk esa ,d
bysDVªkWu dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ gksxk (m bysDVªkWu dk
30. ,d o`Ùkkdkj iFk ij ,dleku pky ls xfreku nzO;eku gS) [NEET_2025]
,d d.k cuk;s j[krk gS: [NEET_2024] heB heB
(1) (2)
(1) fu;r osx ijUrq ifjorhZ Roj.k πm 2πm
(2) ifjorhZ osx ,oa ifjorhZ Roj.k he he
(3) (4)
(3) fu;r osx πm 2πm
(4) fu;r Roj.k

C
58 Sarvam Career Institute
/kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko PHYSICS
ANSWER KEYS

Exercise 1.1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 2 2 1 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 2 1
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Ans. 2 4 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 3 1 2

Exercise 1.2
1. (1) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6. (4) 7. (2)
8. (3) 9. (1) 10. (3) 11. (1) 12. (2) 13. (1) 14. (2)
15. (1) 16. (1) 17. (4) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (1)
µ0 I µ0 I 3 µ0 I µ0 I
21. (i) (a) ⊗ =
(b) B 0 ⊗ (ii) (a)  (b) 
4R 8R 8 R 8R
µ0 I  1  µ0 I  1
(iii) (a)  + 1  (b) 1 −  ⊗
2R  π  2R  π

µ0 I  1 1  µ0 I  1 1 
(iv) (a)  + ⊗ (b)  − 
4R  π 2  2R  2 π 

µ0 I  2  µ0 I  2  3µ0 I µ0 I
(v) (a)  + 3  (b)  + 1  (vi) (a) ⊗ (b) 
8R  π  4R  π  8R 24R

R
22. (4) 23. (2) 24. x= ±
150

Exercise 1.3
1. (4) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (1) 6. (2) 7. (3)
8. (4) 9. (3) 10. (a) (True) (b) (True) 11. I=B 12. 1T

Exercise 1.4
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (2) 7. (3)
8. (4) 9. (2) 10. (2) 11. (2) 12. (1) 13. (2) 14. (4)
15. (1) 16. (1) 17. (1) 18. (4) 19. (2) 20. (3) 21. (3)

22. (a) 1 : 2 : 2 (b) 2 : 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2 : 2

23. (a) 1 : 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 : 2 (d) 2 : 1 : 1
24. (a) θp < θe (b) θp = θe (c) θp < θe (d) θp < θe

25. (a) 1 : 2 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 : 1

26. 1.2 cm 27. 0.1 m 28. (T) 29. (3) 30. (2) 31. (1) 32. (3)
33. (2) 34. (2)

Sarvam Career Institute 59

 PHYSICS /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko
Exercise 1.5
1. (3) 2. (4) 3. (4) 4. (3) 5. (1) 6. (3) 7. (4)
8. (1) 9. (3) 10. (4) 11. (1,2,3) 12. (1,2,3) 13. (1,2,3) 14. (4)
15. (2)

Exercise 1.6
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Ans. 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1

Exercise 1.7
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 4 2 3 4 1 2 4 2 2 3 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 1

Exercise 1.8
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. 2 3 3 1 3 3 1 4 4

Exercise 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 2 3 4 1 4 1 2 1 1 4 3 4 4 2 4 1 1 2 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. 3 3 4 2 3

Exercise 3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 4 1 3 1 2 4 4 4

Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 3 4 3 1 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Ans. 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 4 3 4

C
60 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS

Chapter

2 pqEcdRo ,oa æO;

v/;k; voyksdu ifjp;
pqacdRo ds foKku dk mn~xe ,d çs{k.k ls gqvk Fkk ftlds vuqlkj]
– ifjp; dqN fo'ks"k v;Ld, ykSgs ds NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa dks vkdf"kZr dj ldrs
– NM+ pqacd Fks vkSj tc mUgsa rSjrs gq, d‚dZ ij j[kk tkrk Fkk rks os ,d fo'ks"k
– pqEcdh; (pqEcdu) ,oa pqacdh; fn'kk esa ladsr djrs FksA ;s v;Ld ewy :i ls ,f'k;k ekbuj ¼orZeku
rhozrk esa if'peh VdhZ½ ds eSXuhf'k;k uked ftys esa ik, x, Fks vkSj blfy,
– inkFkksZ ds pqacdh; xq.k budk uke eSXusVkbV iM+ x;kA 'kCn eSXusV ¼vFkkZr pqacd½ dk mn~xe
Hkh blh eSXuhf'k;k }hi ds uke ls gh gqvk gSA 400 bZ- iw- ls gh phu
ds fuoklh ukSdk;u ds nkSjku fn'kkvksa dk Kku djus ds fy, pqacdh;
lqbZ;ksa dk mi;ksx djrs vk jgs gSaA

1. NM+ pqacd
(a) NM+ pqacd esa fdlh fo|qr f}/kzqo ds /kukos'k vkSj _.kkos'k dh gh
Hkkfr /kqzo gksrs gSaA
(b) ,d /kqzo dks mÙkjh /kqzo dgk tkrk gS vkSj nwljs /kqzo dks nf{k.kh /kqzoA
(c) eqä :i ls fuyfEcr djus ij ;s /kqzo yxHkx HkkSxksfyd mÙkjh o
nf{k.kh /kqzoksa dh vksj ladsr djrs gSaA
(d) leku /kqzo ,d&nwljs dks çfrdf"kZr djrs gSa vkSj vleku /kqzo
,d&nwljs dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA
(e) pqacd ds /kqzoksa dks dHkh Hkh vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

1.1 pqacdh; {ks= js[kk,ssa

(1) pqacdh; {ks= js[kk ,d dkYifud oØ gksrh gSA blds fdlh Hkh fcanq
ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ jsjok ml fcanq ij pqacdh; {ks= B dh fn'kk
crkrh gSA
(2) fdlh pqc a d ¼;k fo|qr/kkjkokgh ifjukfydk½ dh pqacdh; {ks= js[kk,a
lrr can ywi cukrh gSaA
(3) pqacd dh dk;k body ds ckgj] pqacdh; {ks= js[kkvksa dh fn'kk mÙkjh
/kzqo ls nf{k.kh /kqzo dh vksj gksrh gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 61
 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
(4) dksbZ Hkh nks pqacdh; {ks= js[kk,a ,d&nwljs dks ugha dkV ldrh gSaA
(5) çfr bdkbZ {ks=Qy esa ls xqtjus okyh js[kkvksa dh la[;k ftruh vf/kd gksrh gS] pqacdh; {ks= B dk ifjek.k Hkh
mruk gh vf/kd gksrk gSA
(6) pqacdh; cy js[kk,a pqacdh; inkFkZ esa ls fdlh Hkh dks.k ij ckgj fudy ldrh gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh dks.k ij vUnj
tk ldrh gSaA

(7)

le:i pqEcdh; {ks= vle:i pqEcdh; {ks= vle:i pqEcdh; {ks=

1.2 pqacdh; vkos'k dh /kqo 'kfä

(i) fo|qr vkos'kksa dh gh rjg] pqacdh; vkos'k ¼ftls /kzqo lkEFk;Z Hkh dgrs gSa½ +m dks NM+ pqacd ds mÙkjh /kzqo ds
fy, ,oa –m dks NM+ pqacd ds nf{k.kh /kzqo ds fy, fu/kkZfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA ;fn NM+ pqacd dh yackbZ
2 gks rks mldk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ fuEukafdr }kjk Kkr gksrk gS
M = m (2) [oS|qr vuq:irk/l–';rk dk vuqlj.k djrs gq,]
pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ ,d lfn'k jkf'k gS rFkk bldh fn'kk nf{k.kh /kqzo ls mÙkjh /kqoz dh vksj gksrh gSA
(ii) fdlh pqacdh; /kqo z ¼ifjdfYir½ ds dkj.k r nwjh ij mRiUu pqacdh; {ks= lkEFk;Z fuEukafdr }kjk Kkr gksrh gS:
µ0 m
B=
4π r 2
(iii) /kqzo lkEFk;Z vFkok pqacdh; vkos'k (m) dh bdkbZ ,sEih;j&ehVj gSA
(iv) pqc a dh; ,dy /kqzoksa dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha gSA bl rF; dk ,d ifj.kke ;g gS fd pqacdh; {ks= js[kk,a lrr
gksrh gSa vkSj can ik'k cukrh gSaA blds foijhr] fLFkjoS|qr cy js[kk,¡ /kukos'k ij vkjEHk gksrh gSa vkSj _.kkos'k
ij lekIr gks tkrh gSaA
(v) ;fn fdlh pqacd dks nks leku Hkkxksa esa bl çdkj ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS fd vuqçLFk&dkV dk {ks=Qy
vk/kk gks tk, rks çR;sd Hkkx ,d ,slh pqacd gksxk ftldh /kqzo&lkEFk;Z ewy pqacd dk vk/kk gksxk [fp= (b)]
2l l l
m/2 –m/2
2l
+m –m +m –m
+m –m m/2 –m/2
M=m×2l m M M
M'= ×2l= M'=ml=
2 2 2
(a) (b) (c)
fp= (c) esa] ewy pqacd [¼fp= (a)½] dks nks leku Hkkxksa esa dkVk x;k gS vkSj vuqçLFk dkV esa dksbZ ifjorZu
ugha gqvk gSA bl fLFkfr esa] çR;sd Hkkx ,d pqacd gS ftldh /kqo lkEFk;Z ewy pqacd ds gh leku m gSA
(vi) bLikr dh ,d NM+ dk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ M gSA ;fn bls eksM+dj ,d v/kZ̀Ùkkdkj pki dk :i ns fn;k tkrk
gS rks bldk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ Kkr djsaA
eku ysa m = /kqo lkEFk;Z M=mL
L = NM+ dh yEckbZ +m –m
pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ M = mL L
tc NM+ dks eksM+ dj r f=T;k okys v/kZo`Ùkkdkj pki dk :i
fn;k tkrk gS rks]
L
πr = L vFkok] r =
π
2L
ubZ çHkkoh yEckbZ= 2r=
π
m ⋅ 2L 2 2 –m 2r +m
u;k pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ gksxk M′ =m × 2r = = (mL) = M
π π π
C
62 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
(vii) nks le:i ¼loZle½ pqacd ftuesa ls çR;sd dh /kqzo&lkEFk;Z m vkSj yEckbZ L gS] dks fp= esa fn[kk, vuqlkj
,d&nwljs ls yEcor tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA
+m

+m –m

–m
 
nksuksa pqacdksa ds pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ M1 ,oa M2 dks fp= esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA lfn'k :i
 ���⃗
M �����⃗1
M
esa M ifj.kkeh pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ gS tgk¡]
M= M12 + M22 = (mL)2 + (mL)2 = 2mL
  �����⃗2
M
bldh fn'kk M1 ,oa M2 ds chp ds dks.k dks lef}Hkkftr djrh gSA

1.3 dwy‚e dk pqacdRo dk fu;e

;|fi i`Fkd ,dy /kzqoksa dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha gksrk rFkkfi ,dy /kzqo dk fopkj] pqacdksa ds e/; pqacdh; vU;ksU;
fØ;kvksa dks le>us ds fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gSA
eku ysrs gSa fd fdlh ,dy/kqzo dh /kqo lkEFk;Z m gS] rks r nwjh ij j[ks x, nks i`Fkd /kzqoksa ds e/; dk pqacdh; cy
fuEu gksxk:
m1 × m2 m1 m2
F∝
r2 r

µ0 m1 ×m2 vkd"khZ ;fn ,d /kzqo mÙkj gS rFkk vU; nf{k.k gS

F=
4π r2 izfrd"khZ ;fn nksuksa /kzqo leku izdkj ds gSa
¼vFkkZr~ mÙkj&mÙkj ;k nf{k.k&nf{k.k½

Example 1:
ok;q esa nks pqEcdh; /kqzoksa ds chp cy 9.604 mN gSA ;fn ,d /kqzo nwljs ls 10 xquk izcy gks rks izR;sd dk /kqzo
lkEFk;Z Kkr dhft,] ;fn nksuksa /kqzoksa ds chp dh nwjh 0.1 m gS \
Solution:
/kqzoksa ds e/; cy
µ0 m1m2
F=
4π r 2
–3 10–7 × m × 10m
or 9.604 × 10 =
0.1 × 0.1
2 2 –2
or m = 96.04N T
⇒ m= 9.8N/T
vr% nwljs /kqzo dh lkEFk;Z 9.8 × 10 = 98 N/T gksxhA

Sarvam Career Institute 63

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
Example 2:
L yEckbZ ds ,d LVhy rkj dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ M gSA bls ,d pkSFkkbZ o`Ùkkdkj pki ds :i esa eksMk+ tkrk gSA u;k
pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ D;k gksxk \
Solution:
;fn m /kqzo lkEFk;Z gS rc
M L
M = m.L ⇒ m = +m –m
L
–m
;fn bls pkSFkkbZ o`Ÿkkdkj pki ds :i esa eksM+k tkrk gS rc
π 2L
L= r⇒ r= √2r r
2 π
vr% u;k pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ +m r
M 2L 2 2 M
M' =m × r 2 = × 2 × =
L π π

Example 3:
nks ,d leku NM+ pqEcds ftuesa izR;sd dh yEckbZ L rFkk /kqzo lkEFk;Z m gS] ,d nwljs ds yEcor bl izdkj j[kh
tkrh gS] fd ,d dk mŸkjh /kqzo nwljs ds nf{k.kh /kqzo dks Nq,sA fudk; dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ Kkr djsaA
Solution:
M1 =M2 = mL
π
∴ MR = M12 + M22 + 2M1M2 cos = 2 mL
2
M2
S
φ
M1
MR
NS N
M2 M1

Msin90°
rFkk tan φ = =1
M + Mcos90°
vFkkZr φ = tan–1 1 = 45°

1.4 ,dy/kqoz ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks=

fdlh fcUnq ij ,dy /kzqo ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks=] ml pqacdh; cy ds cjkcj gksrk gS tks ml fcUnq ij j[ks
bdkbZ /kqo lkEFk;Z }kjk vuqHko fd;k tkrk gSA N-/kzqo
P
Fm m r B
B=
qm(0)
S-/kzqo
P
µ0 m fn'kk /kzqo ls nwj dh vksj ;fn ;g N-/kzqo gS –m B
B= r
4π r2 fn'kk /kzqo ls nwj dh vksj ;fn ;g S-/kzqo gS –m m

2l
1.5 NM+ pqacd dk pqacdh; f}/kqo vk?kw.kZ
;g fdlh Hkh ,d /kqoz lkEFk;Z vkSj nksuksa /kzqoksa ds chp dh nwjh ds xq.kuQy ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
M = m × 2l bldh fn'kk nf{k.kh /kzqo ls mŸkjh /kzqo dh vksj gksrh gSA

C
64 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
Exercise 1.1

1. pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ 'M' ds nks/rhu/pkj leku naM 3. ‘’ yackbZ ds ,d lh/ks LVhy ds rkj dk pqacdh;
pqacdksa dks fp= ds vuqlkj la;ksftr fd;k tkrk
vk?kw.kZ 'M' gSA ;g vk—fr esa fn[kk, x, fofHkUu
gSA fudk; dk dqy pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ Kkr dhft,A
S M N
vkdkjksa esa eksM+k tkrk gSA çR;sd vk—fr dk u;k
(a) pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ Kkr dhft,A
S M N
S M N /2
(b) (a) 90°
N M S /2
N

(b) /2 60° /2

M
(c) 90°
S (c) R
S M N

(d)
R
(d) 60°

S M N 2
4. 3.0 A-m pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dh ,d NM+ pqEcd 2
S N –5
× 10 T izsj.k ds ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa gSA
M M ;fn pqEcd dk izR;sd /kqzo 6 × 10–4 N dk ,d cy
(e) vuqHko djrk gS] rc pqEcd dh yEckbZ gksxhA
N S
(1) 0.5 m
S M N
(2) 0.3 m
S M N
(3) 0.2 m
N N
(4) 0.1 m
M M
(f)
S S 5. ,d leku NM+ pqEcdksa] ftuesa izR;sd dk f}/kqzo
S M N vk?kw.kZ p0 gS] ds fudk; dk pqEcdh; f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ
Kkr dhft,A
2. pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ 'M' dk ,d NM+ pqacd fuEufyf[kr N S
nks çdkj esa nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa dkVk tkrk gS (a) N θ
bldh yackbZ ds lekukarj ,oa (b) bldh yackbZ ds
yacor] rks çR;sd Hkkx dk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ D;k gksxk S

Sarvam Career Institute 65

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
1.6 NM+ pqacd ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks=
(a) v{kh; fLFkfr ij
µ0 2M × r
B v{kh; = –m +m
4π (r 2 − 2 )2 P
fdlh NksVh NM+ pqacd ds fy, r > > > l S- /kzqo N- /kzqo B2 B1
l Bv{kh;
µ0 2M l r
B v{kh; =
4π r 3
;g pqacdh; f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ ds vuqfn'k gksrk gSA

(b) vfHkyEc lef}Hkktd ij ;k uhj{kh; fLFkrh ij

µ0 M B1
B⊥ =
4π 3

(r 2
+l )
2 2 θ P
θ
;g {ks=] f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ ds foijhr gksxkA
1 1
fdlh NksVh NM+ pqacd ds fy, r > > > l 2 B2 2
�r +l �2
2
�r +l �2
2
µ0 M r
B⊥ =
4π r 3 θ
/;ku nsa : fdlh NksVh NM+ pqacd ds fy, B v{kh; = 2B⊥ S- /kzqo N- /kzqo
{ks= f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ ds foijhr gksxkA

Example 4:
,d izksVkWu ls 1 Å dh nwjh ij fdlh fcUnq ij pqEcdh; izsj.k Kkr dhft,, ftls blds pØ.k dh v{k ds vuqfn'k
ekik tkrk gSA izksVkWu dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 1.4 × 10–26 A-m2 gSA
Solution:
pqEcdh; f}/kqzo ds v{k ij pqEcdh; izsj.k fn;k tkrk gS
µ0 2M
B= · .
4π r 3
eku izfrLFkkfir djus ij
(10–7 )(2)(1.4 × 10–26 ) –3
B= –10 3
= 2.8 × 10 T = 2.8 mT
(10 )

Example 5:
5.0 cm yEckbZ dh ,d NM+ pqEcd ds dkj.k v{kh; rFkk fuj{kh; {ks=ksa dk ifjek.k mlds e/; fcUnq ls 50 cm dh
nwjh ij D;k gksxk\ NM+ pqEcd dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 0.40 Am2 gSA
Solution:
µ0 M 10–7 × 0.4 –7
Bfuj{kh; = = = 3.2 × 10 T
4π r 3
(0.5)3

µ0 M 10–7 × 2 × 0.4 –7
Bv{kh; = = = 6.4 × 10 T
4π r 3
(0.5)3

C
66 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
Example 6:
uhps fn;s x;s fp= esa] fcUnq A ij pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr dhft;sA n'kkZ;h xbZ izR;sd pqEcd dk f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ 1 Am2 gSA
N
A
N S
S
50 cm 50 cm
Solution:
fcUnq A izFke pqEcd dh v{kh; js[kk ij gS rFkk izFke pqEcd }kjk mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks=
N
gS B1 A
N S
µ0 2M 10−7 × 2 × 1 –7 S
B1 = = = 16 × 10 T B B2
4π r 3 (0.5)3
fcUnq A f}rh; pqEcd dh fuj{kh; js[kk ij gS rFkk f}rh; pqEcd }kjk mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= gS
µ0 M 10–7 × 1 –7
B2 = = = 8 × 10 T
4π r 3
(0.5)3

vr% A ij ifj.kkeh pqEcdh; {ks= gS

–7
B = B12 + B22 = 8 5 × 10 T

1.7 ckg~; le:i pqacdh; {ks= B esa NM+ pqacd

(i) f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ M okyh ,d pqacd dks bl çdkj ls j[kk tkrk gS fd ;g ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= B ds lkFk θ
dks.k cukrh gSA ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa pqacdh; f}/kzqo ij cy vk?kw.kZ
M
B
N
FN
θ B
2L
Fs θ 2Lsinθ
S B
  
τ= M × B
  
=τ MBsinθ (θ] M vkSj B ds e/; dks.k gS)
M
N
B B B
S N N S
M M
B B B
S
τ = 0 (θ = 0°) τmax = M×B (θ = 90°) τ = 0 (θ = 180°)
FNet = 0 FNet = 0 FNet = 0
LFkk;h lkE;koLFkk vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk
(a) (b) (c)
(ii) ;fn pqEcdh; f}/kzqo dks lkE; fLFkfr ls FkksM+k fopfyr dj NksM+k tkrk gS] rc ;g fuEu vkorZdky ls nksyu
djsxk
Ι
T = 2π
MB
I = vius AOR ds ckjs esa Ba pqacd dk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ

Sarvam Career Institute 67

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
(iii) ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa pqacdh; f}/kqzo dks ?kqekus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z
M
B
N-/kzqo
B
θ
B
S-/kzqo
B
(a) eku ysrs gSa fd fdlh {k.k ij f}/kzqo vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ds chp dk dks.k θ gSA rks] f}/kzqo ij dk;Zjr cy
vk?kw.kZ gks=
xk] τ MBsinθ
(b) f}/kzqo dks bl cy vk?kw.kZ ds fo#) dθ ?kqekus ds fy, bl ij fdlh cká lzksr }kjk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS
dw = τdθ
dw = MB sinθ dθ
f}/kqzo dks mlds ewy vfHkfoU;kl θ1 ls ?kqekdj mlds vfUre vfHkfoU;kl θ2 rd ykus ds fy, fd;k x;k
dk;Z]
θ2
=W MB ∫ sinθdθ
θ1

=W MB [cosθ1 − cosθ2 ]
(iv) ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa fLFkr f}/kzqo dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ
π
;g ml dk;Z ds cjkcj gksrk gS tks f}/kzqo dks θ1 = ls θ2 = θ rd ?kqekus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
2
 π 
U =w =MB cos − cosθ 
 2 
 
U=
−MBcosθ vFkok U =−M ⋅ B

Example 7:
,d pqEcdh; f}/kqzo 104 T rhozrk ds ,d pqEcdh; {ks= esa 30° ds dks.k ij j[kk x;k gSA ;g 5 Nm dk cyk?kw.kZ
vuqHko djrk gSA f}/kqzo dh /kqzo lkEFk;Z Kkr dhft, ;fn f}/kqzo dh yEckbZ 1 cm gSA
Solution:
τ
pwafd τ = MB sinθ, M =
Bsin θ
5 –3 2
= 4
= 10 Am
[(10 )(0.5)]
M 10−3 –1
vr% m = = −2
= 10 Am = 0.1 Am
d 10

Example 8:
–1
1.5 JT pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dh ,d NM+ pqEcd 0.22 T ds ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk esa lajsf[kr gSA
(a) pqEcd dks ?kqekus esa vko';d dk;Z dh ek=k D;k gksxh tc bldk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ
(i) {ks= dh fn'kk ds yEcor gS ?
(ii) {ks= dh fn'kk ds foijhr gS ?
(b) fLFkfr (i) o (ii) esa pqEcd ij cyk?kw.kZ D;k gS ?
C
68 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
Solution:
;gka, M = 1.5 JT–1, B = 0.22 T
(a) {ks= ds lajsf[kr pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ ds lkFk fLFkfrt ÅtkZ = – MB
{ks= ds yEcor pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ ds lkFk fLFkfrt ÅtkZ = 0
{ks= ds izfr lekUrj pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ ds lkFk fLFkfrt ÅtkZ = + MB
(i) fd;k x;k dk;Z (PE esa o`f)) = 0 – (–MB)
= MB = 1.5 × 0.22 = 0.33 J
(ii) fd;k x;k dk;Z (PE esa o`f)) = MB – (–MB)
= 2MB = 2 × 1.5 × 0.22 = 0.66 J
(b) ge tkurs gS τ = MBsinθ
(i) τ = MB sinθ = 1.5 × 0.22 × 1 = 0.33 J
(θ = 90° ⇒sinθ = 1)
;g cyk?kw.kZ] B dh fn'kk esa M ds lajsf[kr gksus dh izo`fŸk j[ksxkA
(ii) τ = MB sinθ = 1.5 × 0.22 × 0 = 0
(θ =180° ⇒ sinθ = 0)

Example 9:
0.32 J/T pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dh ,d y?kq NM+ pqEcd 0.15 T ds ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kh gSA ;fn NM+ pqEcdh;
{ks= ds ry esa ?kw.kZu djus dks Lora= gks rc izR;sd fLFkfr esa pqEcd dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ D;k gksxh \
(1) LFkk;h lkE;koLFkk esa
(2) vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk esa
Solution:
(i) ;fn M, B ds lekUrj gS] rc θ=0°,
vr% fLFkfrt ÅtkZ U = Umin = – MB
–2
Umin = –MB = –0.32 × 0.15 J= –4.8 × 10 J
¼LFkk;h lkE;koLFkk½
(ii) ;fn M, B ds izfr lekUrj gS] rc θ = π
vr% fLFkfrt ÅtkZ U = Umax = +MB = +0.32 × 0.15 = 4.8 × 10–2 J
¼vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk½

Example 10:
,d pqEcdh; lwbZ ftldk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 8×10–2Am2 rFkk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ 7.5×10–6 kgm2 gS] dks ,d leku
pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kk tkrk gS rks ;g 8 s esa 10 iw.kZ nksyu djrh gSA pqEcdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k D;k gS \
Solution:
nksyu dk vkorZdky gS &
8
T= = 0.8 s
10
Ι
pwafd T = 2π ,
MB
4π2I 4 × (3.14)2 × 7.5 × 10–6
vr% B = = = 0.006 T
MT 2 8 × 10–2 × (0.8)2

Sarvam Career Institute 69

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
1.8 fLFkjfo|qfrdh lerqY;
fLFkjfo|qrhdh pqEcdRo
1 µ0
ε0
vkos'k q pqEcdh; /kzqo lkEFk;Z (m)
f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ pqEcdh; f}/kqoz vk?kw.kZ
   
p = q M = m
q1q2  µ qm(1)qm(2)
F= F= 0
4πε0r 2 4π r2
   
F = qE F = qmB
  
2p  µ0 2M
v{kh; {ks= E = v{kh; {ks= B =
4πε0r 3 4π r 3
  
−p  µ0 M
uhj{kh; {ks= E = uhj{kh; {ks= B = −
4πε0r 3 4π r 3
     
cyk?kw.kZ τ = p × E cyk?kw.kZ τ= M × B
   
fLFkfrt ÅtkZ U =−p ⋅E fLFkfrt ÅtkZ U =−M ⋅B
=
dk;Z W pE ( cosθ1 − cosθ2 ) =
dk;Z W MB ( cosθ1 − cosθ2 )

1.9 pqacdRo vkSj xkml dk fu;e

bl fu;e ds vuqlkj "fdlh can lrg ij pqacdh; {ks= dk lrg lekdy 'kwU;
gksrk gS vFkkZr] fdlh Hkh can lrg ls gksdj xqtjus okyk usV pqacdh; ¶yDl lnSo
N
'kwU; gksrk gSA"
 
∮ B ⋅ ds =
0
(i) pqacdRo esa xkml dh çes; dk vFkZ ;g fudyrk gS fd i`FkD—r ¼i`Fkd fd, S
gq,½ pqca dh; /kqzoksa dk dksbZ vfLrRo ugha gksrk gSA
  Xkkmlh;u lrg
(ii) [kqyh lrg dh fLFkfr esa ∫ B ⋅ ds = φB ¼lrg ds lkFk lEc) pqacdh; ¶yDl½A
s

Exercise 1.2

1. nks leku pqEcdh; f}/kzqoksa dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 2. ,d n.M pqEcd dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 2.5 JT–1 gSA
2
1.0 A-m gS] nksuksa dh v{k ijLij yEcor~ gS rFkk ;g 0.2 T ds pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kh gSA pqEcd dks
muds chp dh nwjh 2 m gS rks f}/kzqoksa ds chp ds {ks= ds lkis{k lekUrj fLFkfr ls çfrlekUrj fLFkfr
e/; fcUnq ij ifj.kkeh pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr djksA esa ?kqekus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z gS \
(1) 0.5 J
2m
(2) 1 J
–7
(1) 5 × 10 T (3) 2.0 J
–7
(2) 5 × 10 T (4) 'kwU;
–7
(3) 10 T
–7
(4) 2 × 10 T

C
70 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
3. ,d n.M pqEcd }kjk mRiUu cy js[kk,sa ,d nwljs 9. ,d NksVs NM+ pqacd fd v{k ij ,d fcanq X ij
dks%& pqacdh; {ks= mlh pqacd ds uhj{k js[kk ij ,d fcanq
(1) mnklhu fcUnq ij dkVrh gS Y ij {ks= ds cjkcj gSA pqacd ds dsaæ ls fcanq X
(2) pqEcd ds èkzqoksa ds lehi dkVrh gS vkSj Y dh nwjh dk vuqikr D;k gS\
(3) pqEcd ds uhj{kh; v{k ij dkVrh gS –3
(1) 2
(4) dHkh Hkh izfrPNsfnr ugha djrh gS –1/3
(2) 2
3
4. ,d fcUnq ij i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku (3) 2
–5 2 1/3
7 × 10 oscj@eh gSA bldks 5 lseh f=T;k ds (4) 2
o`Ùkkdkj pkyd ywi ds dsUæ ij mRié pqEcdh;
{ks= }kjk fuf"Ø; djuk gS] rks ywi esa fo|qr èkkjk 10. ;fn i`Foh ds pqacdh; {ks= esa ,d rkj Å/okZ/kj :i
dk eku gksxk ¼yxHkx½:- ls uhps dh vksj ,d /kkjk ys tkrk gS] rks ,d
(1) 0.56 ,Eih;j (2) 5.6 ,Eih;j mnklhu fcanq dgk çkIr gksxk (ekus i`Foh ds pqacdh;
(3) 0.28 ,Eih;j (4) 28 ,Eih;j
{kS= ds {ksfrt ?kVd dh fn'kk ĵ )
(1) rkj ds mÙkj esa
5. ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kh pqEcdh; lwbZ ds
fy;s fuEu esa ls lR; gS :– (2) rkj ds nf{k.k esa
(a) F ≠ 0, τ ≠ 0 (b) F ≠ 0, τ = 0 (3) rkj ds iwoZ esa
(c) F = 0, τ ≠ 0 (d) F = 0, τ = 0 (4) rkj ds if'pe esa
(1) a, b (2) a, c
(3) c, d (4) b, d 11. mÙkj nf{k.k js[kk ds vuqfn'k est ij ,d NksVk
NM+ pqacd j[kk x;k gSA bldk mÙkjh /kzqo HkkSxksfyd
6. 3 lseh yEch NM+ pqEcd dh v{k ij nks fcUnq A ,oa mÙkj dh vksj funsZf'kr gS rks mnklhu fcanqvksa dk
B ,d nwljs ls foijhr fn'kk esa 24 lseh ,oa 48 lseh LFkku D;k gS (ekus i`Foh ds pqacdh; {kS= ds {ksfrt
nwjh ij fLFkr gSA bu fcUnqvksa ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk ?kVd dh fn'kk ĵ )
vuqikr gksxk:-
(A) mÙkj (B) nf{k.k
A B
24cm 48cm (C) iwoZ (D) if'pe
(1) A vkSj B
1
(1) 8 (2) (2) C vkSj D
2 2
(3) A vkSj D
(3) 3 (4) 4
(4) B vkSj C
7. ,d y?kq pqEcd ls 1 m dh v{kh; nwjh ij pqEcdh;
{ks= dh rhozrk 1 vksjLVsM gSA mlh js[kk ij 2 m 12. vk?kw.kZ 6.75 A–m2 dk ,d NksVk pqacd vius v{k
dh nwjh ij rhozrk vksjLVsM esa D;k gksxh & ij mnklhu fcanq mRiUu djrk gSA ;fn i`Foh ds
(1) 0.75 (2) 0.125 pqacdh; {ks= dk {kSfrt ?kVd 5 x 10–5 Wb/m2 gS]
(3) 0.25 (4) 0.5 rks pqacd ds dsaæ ls mnklhu fcanqvksa dh nwjh (ekus
i`Foh ds pqacdh; {kS= ds {ksfrt ?kVd dh fn'kk ĵ )
8. v{kh; fLFkrh ij ,d NksVs NM+ pqacd ds dkj.k
pqacdh; {ks= dk uhj{kh; fLFkfr ij pqEcdh; {ks= (1) 10 cm
ls vuqikr D;k gS\ (2) 20 cm
1 1 (3) 30 cm
(1) (2)
4 2 (4) 40 cm
(3) 1 (4) 2
Sarvam Career Institute 71
 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
13. ,d lh/kk rkj Å/okZ/kj Åij dh fn'kk esa /kkjk ys 17. ± 6 × 10
–2
A-m /kqzo lkEFk;Z dh ,d NM+ pqEcd
tkrk gSA ,d fcanq 'P' blds Bhd iwoZ esa FkksM+h nwjh –2
4×10 T rhozrk ds pqEcdh; {ks= esa {ks= ls 60° ds
ij fLFkr gS vkSj nwljk fcanq 'Q' if'pe esa leku dks.k ij j[kh gqbZ gSA pqEcd dh yEckbZ 10 mm
nwjh ij fLFkr gSA bu fcUnqvksa ij pqacdh; {ks= (ekus ekusa] rks fuEu Kkr djs
i`Foh ds pqacdh; {kS= ds {ksfrt ?kVd dh fn'kk ĵ ) (A) pqEcd ij cyk?kw.kZ
(B) foU;kl ftles ;g ?kweus dh izo`fŸk j[ksxhA
(1) BP > BQ
LFkk;h ;k vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk
(2) BP < BQ
(C) fLFkfrt ÅtkZ esa ifjorZu tc ;g izkIr dj
(3) BP = BQ ysrh gS
(4) dksbZ ugha (i) LFkk;h lkE;koLFkk
(ii) vLFkk;h lkE;koLFkk
14. NM+ pqEcd ds dkj.k fuEu fcUnqvksa ij pqEcdh;
18. eqä :i ls fuyafcr NM+ pqacd dk vkorZdky
{ks= dh rhozrk D;k gksxh \ (M = 1 A-m2)
fuEufyf[kr ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gSA
N S P (1) pqacd dh yackbZ ij
(a) 2m (2)pqacd dh /kqzo lkEFk;Z ij
P (3) pqacdh; {ks= ij
(4) fuyacu Mksjh dh yackbZ ij
1m
(b)
N S
19. ;fn irys naM pqacd dk vkorZdky 'T' gSA ;fn
P ;g nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa dkVk tkrk gS rks çR;sd Hkkx
dk vkorZdky gksxk tc
1m
(a) bldh yackbZ ds vuqfn'k dkVk tk;s
(c) 30°
(b) bldh yackbZ ds yacor dkVk tk;s
S N
(1) T,T
¼NM+ pqEcd dh yEckbZ cgqr vYi ekus½ (2) T,T/2
(3) T/2, T
15. ,d y?kq NM+ pqEcd dks 0.25 T ds ,d leku cká (4) T/2, T/2
pqEcdh; {ks= esa 30° ds dks.k ij j[kk tkrk gS rks
;g 4.5×10–2J ds cjkcj ifjek.k dk ,d cyk?kw.kZ 20. nks leku NM+ pqacdksa ds pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ Øe'k% M
vuqHko djrh gSA pqEcd ds pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dk vkSj 2M gSaA nksuksa dks bl rjg ls tksM+k tkrk gS
fd muds leku /kzqo ,d lkFk gksrs gSaA bl fLFkfr
ifjek.k D;k gS \
esa vkorZdky 'T1' gSA ;fn fdlh ,d pqacd dks
myV fn;k tkrk gS rks fudk; dk vkorZdky 'T2'
16. 10 cm yEckbZ dk ,d pqEcdh; f}/kqzo ftldk /kqzo
gks tkrk gS\
lkEFk;Z ±2 × 10–3 Am gS] ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks=
(1) T1 > T2
ds lkis{k 53° ds dks.k ij j[ks tkus ij 8 Nm dk
(2) T1 < T2
cyk?kw.kZ vuqHko djrk gSA Kkr dhft;s&
(3) T1 = T2
(a) pqEcdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k
(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(b) f}/kqzo dh fLFkfrt ÅtkZ

C
72 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
2. pqEcdh; (pqEcdu) ,oa pqacdh; rhozrk
2.1 pqacdh; dh rhozrk (I)
tc fdlh pqacdh; inkFkZ dks fdlh pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kk tkrk gS rks ml inkFkZ esa çsfjr f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ fodflr gks
tkrk gSA pqacdh; inkFkZ ds çfr bdkbZ vk;ru esa çsfjr f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ dks pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk ¼vFkok pqacdhdj.k
vFkok pqacdhdj.k ?kuRo½ dgk tkrk gSA bls I }kjk fu:fir djrs gSa vkSj ;g ,d lfn'k jkf'k gSA bldh fn'kk
ogh gksrh gS tks inkFkZ esa çsfjr f}/kqo vk?kw.kZ dh gksrh gSA

 M uVs
Ι=
vk;ru

 M uVs
Ι=
V

eqä f=foe esa Ι =0
  ,fs Ei;j
pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk Ι dh bdkbZ M
ehVj
0 –1 0
rFkk foeh; lw= [M L T A] gS

2.2 pqacdh; rhozrk vFkok pqacdu {ks= (H)

(i) pqacdudkjh {ks= dk eqä f=foe dh ikjxE;rk ls vuqikr gh pqacdh; rhozrk H dgykrk gSA

 B0
H=
µ0
pqacdh; rhozrk dh bdkbZ ,oa foek ogh gSa tks pqacddhj.k dh rhozrk dh gSa vFkkZr Øe'k% Am–1 vkSj [L–1A]A
(ii) tSlk fd gesa Kkr gS fd ok;q dksj okyh ifjukfydk ds vanj pqacdh; {ks= B0 gS ftls fuEu }kjk fn;k tkrk
gS
B0 = µ0ni
B0
H=
µ0
µ0ni
H=
µ0
H = ni
ifjukfydk dh pqacdh; rhozrk] ifjukfydk ds dksj ds inkFkZ ij fuHkZj ugha djrh gSA
(iii) tc fdlh pqacdh; inkFkZ dks ifjukfydk ds vanj j[kk tkrk gS rks ifjukfydk ds vanj dk dqy pqacdh; {ks=]
pqacdu {ks= ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks= vkSj pqacdh; inkFkZ ds pqacdhdj.k ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks= ds
lfn'k ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
  
= B0 + Bm
B

B0 = pqacdudkjh {ks= ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks=

Bm = pqacdh; inkFkZ ds pqacdhdj.k ds dkj.k mRiUu pqacdh; {ks=
  
B = µ0H + µ0 Ι
  
B =µ0 (H + Ι )

Sarvam Career Institute 73

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
2.3 pqEcdh; ço`fÙk ( x m )
 
bls "pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk ds ifjek.k | Ι | rFkk pqacdh; rhozrk ds ifjek.k |H| ds vuqikr" ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k tkrk gSA
Ι
χm =
H
(i) ;g ,d vfn'k jkf'k gS ftldh u rks dksbZ foek gS vkSj u dksbZ bdkbZ gSA
(ii) pqacdh; ço`fÙk dk HkkSfrd egRo ;g gS fd ;g ml lqxerk dh dksfV vFkok Lrj gS ftl lqxerk ls fdlh
pqacdh; inkFkZ dks pqacdh—r fd;k tk ldrk gSA χm ds mPp eku okys inkFkZ dks lqxerk ls pqacdh—r fd;k
tk ldrk gSA

2.4 pqacdh; ikjxE;rk vFkok pqacd'khyrk (μ)

bls fdlh inkFkZ ds vanj dqy pqacdh; {ks= ds ifjek.k (B) rFkk pqacdh; rhozrk ds ifjek.k (H) ds vuqikr ds :i
esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
B
µ=
H
Wb
(i) ;g ,d vfn'k jkf'k gSA bldh bdkbZ gS vkSj bldh foek,a MLT −2 A −2  gSaA
A −m
(ii) pqacdh; ikjxE;rk vFkok pqacd'khyrk dk HkkSfrd egRo ;g gS fd ;g ml lhek dk ekiu djrh gS ftl lhek
rd dksbZ pqacdu {ks= fdlh çnÙk pqacdh; inkFkZ dks Hksn ldrk vFkok mlds ikj tk ldrk gSA

2.5 vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk vFkok vkisf{kd pqacd'khyrk (μr)

;g fdlh ek/;e dh ikjxE;rk/pqacd'khyrk rFkk eqä f=foe dh ikjxE;rk/pqacd'khyrk dk vuqikr gksrk gSA
µ
µr = [;g ,d ek=d ghu ,oa foekghu jkf'k gSA]
µ0
O;tad ls]
B = µ0 (H + Ι )
 Ι
B=
µ0H  1 + 
 H
B
;k = 1 + χm
µ0H
µ r = 1 + χm

Example 11:
i`Foh dh pqEcdu rhozrk Kkr djksA dYiuk dfj, dh i`Foh dk pqEcdh; {ks=] 8.0 × 1022 Am2 pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ
okyh fo'kky NM+ pqEcd ds rqY; gSA i`Foh dh f=T;k 6400 km gSA
Solution:
i`Foh dh f=T;k R = 6400 km = 6.4 × 106 m, pqEcdu rhozrk ,dkad vk;ru esa pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ
vr%
M 8.0 × 1022 × 3 24.0 × 104 –1
I= = = = 72.9 Am
4π 3 4 × π × (6.4 × 10 )
6 3
4 × 3.14 × 262.1
R
3
C
74 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
Example 12:
,d ifjukfydk esa vkisf{kd pqEcdh; ikjxE;rk 400 ds inkFkZ dh ,d dksj (core) gSA ifjukfydk dh dq.Mfy;k¡]
dksj ls fo|qr:) gS rFkk blesa 2 A /kkjk izokfgr gSA ;fn Qsjkas dh la[;k 1000 izfr ehVj gks] rks H, I rFkk B Kkr
dhft;sA
Solution:
(a) {ks= H, dksj ds inkFkZ ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gS
µ ni 3
H = 0 = ni = 1000 × 2 = 2 × 10 A/m
µ0
(b) pqEcdh; {ks= B
–7 3
B = µr µ0 H = 400 × 4π × 10 × 2 × 10 = 1.0 T
(c) pqEcdu rhozrk
3 5
I = χH = (µr – 1) H = 399 × 2 × 10 = 8 × 10 A/m

Example 13:
;fn 10 cm × 0.5 cm × 0.2 cm dh ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh NM+ dks 0.5 × 104 A/m ds pqEcdh; {ks= H esa j[kus ij
2
5 A-m dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ mRiUu gksrk gS] rks NM+ esa pqEcdh; izsj.k dh x.kuk djksA
Solution:
NM+ esa dqy pqEcdh; izsj.k
M   M –7  5  2
B = µ0 (I + H) = µ0  + H  I =  = 4π × 10  −6 + 0.5 × 104  = 6.28 Wb/m
V   V  10 

Exercise 1.3

1. ,d vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; izo`fÙk 3 × 10–4 4. ,d lenSf'kd ek/;e ds fy, B, µ0, H ,oa I fdl
gSA bls 4 × 104 A/m ds pqEcdu {ks= esa j[kk tkrk lehdj.k }kjk lEcfU/kr gS ¼tgk¡ fn;s x;s ladsrksa
gSA inkFkZ dh pqEcdu rhozrk gksxh %& dk lkekU; vFkZ gS½ %&
8
(1) 3 × 10 A/m (2) 12 × 10 A/m
8 (1) (B–I) = µ0H
(3) 12 A/m (4) 24 A/m (2) B = µ0(H–I)
(3) H = µ0(B+I)
2. fdlh pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; izo`fÙk 30 × 10–4 (4) B = µ0 (H+I)
gSA bldh vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk gksxh %&
(1) 31 × 10
–4
(2) 1.003 5. ;fn yksgs ds VqdM+s dh ikjxE;rk 3 × 10–3 wb/A-m
(3) 1.0003 (4) 29 × 10
–4 ,oa yksgs dk pqEcdu {ks= 120 A/m gks rks pqEcdh;
izsj.k dk eku gksxk :-
2
3. tc ,d vYi pqEcdu {ks= H ,d pqEcdh; inkFkZ (1) 0.36 oscj/eh
–3 2
ij yxk;k tkrk gS rks pqEcdu dh rhozrk fuEu ds (2) 5 × 10 oscj/eh
2
lekuqikrh gksrh gS : (3) 40 oscj/eh
–2 1/2 –4 2
(1) H (2) H (4) 2.5 × 10 oscj/eh
2
(3) H (4) H

Sarvam Career Institute 75

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
6. 500 Qsjs@ehVj dh ifjukfydk esa 3 A /kkjk izokfgr 10. fjä LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,
gks jgh gSA bldk dksj yksgs dk cuk gqvk gS ftldh (i) çfrpqacdRo çR;sd inkFkZ dk ----------------
vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk 5000 gSA pqEcdu {ks=] pqEcdu xq.k/keZ gSA vkSj ;g vkjsfir pqacdh; {ks= vkSj
rhozrk rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k dksj ds vanj bysDVª‚uksa dh ------------------ xfr ds chp
Kkr dhft,A
ikjLifjd laidZ ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrk gS A
7. ,d pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh NM+ dks ftldk vuqizLFk
dkV {ks=Qy 0.25 cm2 gS] 4000 A/m rhozrk okys 11. LraHk I dks LraHk II ls lqesfyr djsa –
pqEcdu {ks= esa j[kk tkrk gSA NM+ esa ls xqtjus LraHk-I LraHk-II
okys pqEcdh; ¶yDl (φ = B.A) dk eku 25 × 10–6 (A) vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ (p) χm =−1
Wb gSA NM ds fy, Kkr dhft, %& (B) çfrpqacdh; inkFkZ (q) χm < 0
(i) ikjxE;rk
(ii) pqEcdh; izo`fÙk
(C) vfrpkyd (r) χm >> 1
(iii) pqEcdu (D) ykSg&pqacdh; inkFkZ (s) µr > 1

8. yksgs ds ,d uewus dh ikjxE;rk µ ,oa pqEcdu {ks= –1

12. 1600 A-m dk pqacdh; {ks=, 0.2 cm2 ds vuqçLFk
 0.4 
H esa fuEu lEcU/k gS = µ  + 12 × 10−4  dkV okyh yksgs dh ,d NM+ esa 3.14×10–5 oscj dk
 H 
gsujh/ehVj tgk¡ H dk ek=d A/m gSA H dk og pqacdh; ¶yDl mRiUu djrk gSA NM+ dh ikjxE;rk
eku Kkr djks tks fd 1.0 Wb/m2 dk pqEcdh; vkSj pqacdh; izo`fr dh x.kuk djsaA
izsj.k mRiUu djsA
2
13. 4 cm vuqçLFk dkV okyh ,d yksgs dh NM+ dks
3
9. ,d ifjukfydk dh yackbZ çfr bdkbZ 10 Qsjs gSaA 1600 Am
–1
pqacdh; {ks= ds lekukarj j[kk x;k
2 A dh /kkjk çokfgr djus ij] pqacdh; çsj.k dks
2 gSA NM+ ds ek/;e ls ¶yDl 4×10–4 oscj gSA NM+
4π Wb/m ekik tkrk gSA dksj dh pqacdh; izo`fr
dh x.kuk djsaA ds inkFkZ dh ikjxE;rk Kkr dhft,\

3. inkFkksZ ds pqacdh; xq.k

D;wjh vkSj QSjkMs us ;g çsf{kr fd;k Fkk fd yxHkx lHkh inkFkksZ esa dqN pqacdh; xq.k gksrs gSaA fofHkUu inkFkksZ ds
pqacdh; O;ogkj ds vk/kkj ij bUgsa rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k :
(i) çfrpqacdh;
(ii) vuqpqacdh;
(iii) ykSgpqacdh;

3.1 çfrpqacdRo
1. os inkFkZ ftuesa cká pqacdh; {ks= ds çcy Hkkx ls nqcZy Hkkx dh vksj xfr djus dh ço`fÙk gksrh gSA muesa ;g
ço`fÙk blfy, fodflr gks tkrh gS D;ksfd ;s cká pqacdu {ks= dh fn'kk ds foijhr fn'kk esa vYi pqacdh—r
gksrs gSaA
2. dqN çfrpqacdh; inkFkZ bl çdkj gSa : fcLeFk] d‚ij] ySM] flfyd‚u] ukbVªkstu ¼STP ij½] ty ,oa lksfM;e
DyksjkbMA
3. çfrpqacdRo ,d lkoZHkkSfed xq.k gS] vFkkZr ;g lHkh inkFkksZ esa mifLFkr gSA fdUrq] vf/kdka'k fLFkfr;ksa esa ;g
çHkko bruk {kh.k gksrk gS fd bls vU; çHkkoksa] tSls fd vuqpqacdRo] ykSgpqacdRo vkfn }kjk foLFkkfir dj fn;k
tkrk gSA

C
76 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
/;ku nsa: lokZf/kd vlkekU; çfrpqacdh; inkFkZ vfrpkyd gSAa ;s ,slh /kkrq,a gSa tks vR;Uru fuEu rkieku rd BaMh
dj fn, tkus ij iw.kZ pkydrk ,oa iw.kZ çfrpqaddRo] nksuksa dk çn'kZu djrh gSaA bl fLFkfr esa leLr pqacdh; {ks=
js[kk,a çfrdf"kZr dj nh tkrh gSa [ χm =−1, µr =0 ] vfrpkydksa esa iw.kZ çfrpqacdRo dh ifj?kVuk dks ehtuj çHkko
dgk tkrk gSA vfrpkyd pqacdksa dk mi;ksx pqacdh—r v/kjxkeh vfrrhoz Vªsuksa ds lapkyu esa fd;k tkrk gSA

3.2 vuqpqacdRo
1. ;s ,sls inkFkZ gksrs gSa tks vkjksfir cká {ks= dh fn'kk esa dqN pqacdh—r gks tkrs gSaA bl dkj.k ls buesa nqcZy
pqacdh; {ks= ls çcy pqacdh; {ks= dh vksj xfr djus dh ço`fÙk gksrh gS] vFkkZr ;s pqacd }kjk ekewyh :i ls
vkdf"kZr gksrs gSaA
2. dqN vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ bl çdkj gSa : ,sY;wfefu;e] lksfM;e] dSfY'k;e] v‚Dlhtu ¼STP ij½ vkSj d‚ij
DyksjkbMA
D;wjh dk fu;e
bl fu;e ds vuqlkj fdlh vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ dk pqca dhdj.k] ije rkieku T ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gSA
B0
Ι∝
T
B0
⇒ Ι =c
T
fdlh vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ dh pqacdh; ço`fÙk] ije rkieku T ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrh gSA
µ0
χm ∝ χm
T
µ0
χm =c
T
T
fu;rkad c dks D;wjh fu;rkad dgk tkrk gSA
fdlh vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ ds fy, χm vkSj μr nksuksa gh u dsoy inkFkZ ij cfYd rkieku ij Hkh fuHkZj djrs gSaA

uksV : vuqpqacdh; inkFkksZ dh pqacdh; ço`fÙk] çfrpqacdh; inkFkksZ dh pqacdh; ço`fÙk ls yxHkx lkS xquk gksrh gSA

3.3 ykSgpqacdRo
1. ;s ,sls inkFkZ gksrs gSa tks cká pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kus ij çcy :i ls pqacdh—r gks tkrs gSa] vr% buesa nqcZy
pqacdh; {ks= ls çcy pqacdh; {ks= dh vksj tkus dh ço`fÙk gksrh gSA ;s pqacd ds çfr çcy vkd"kZ.k vuqHko
djrs gSaA
2. dqN ykSgpqacdh; inkFkZ bl çdkj gSa : yksgk] dksckYV] fufdy] ,syfudks tSlh feJ/kkrq,aA
3. D;wjh&okbl fu;e (Curie-Weiss law) : D;wjh rkieku ls Åij] ykSgpqacdh; inkFkZ lk/kkj.k vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ
cu tkrk gS ftldh pqacdh; ço`fÙk D;wjh&okbl fu;e dk ikyu djrh gSA bl fu;e χm
ds vuqlkj]
C
χm = T
T − TC

Sarvam Career Institute 77

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
fofHkUu çdkj ds pqEcdh; inkFkZ ds pqEcdh; O;ogkj dh rqyuk
çfrpqEcdh; vuqpqEcdh; ykSg pqEcdh;
1- ;g /khjs /khjs pqEcdu {ks= ds 1- ;g /khjs /khjs pqEcdu {ks= dh fn'kk 1- ;g 'kh?kz gh pqEcdu {ks= dh fn'kk esa
foijhr pqEcfdr gksrk gS esa pqEcfdr gksrk gS pqEcfdr gksrk gS
2- vleku pqEcdh; {ks= esa ;g ds 2- vleku pqEcdh; {ks= esa ;g /khjs 2- ;g 'kh?kz gh pqEcd ds nqcZy {ks= ls
çcy {ks= ls nqcZy {ks= dh vksj /khjs pqEcd ds nqcZy {ks= ls çcy {ks= çcy {ks= dh vksj foLFkkfir gksrk gS
foLFkkfir gksrk gS dh vksj foLFkkfir gksrk gS
ty CuCl2 N S

N. .S N S

3- çfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh ,d NM+ 3- vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh ,d NM+ 3- ykSgpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh ,d NM+ cká
cká {ks= ds yEcor~ fLFkj jgrh gS cká {ks= dh fn'kk ds lekUrj fLFkj {ks= ds lekUrj fLFkj jgrh gS
jgrh gS
4- pqEcdh; {ks= js[kk,a bu inkFkksaZ 4- pqEcdh; {ks= js[kk,a bu inkFkksaZ ls 4- pqEcdh; {ks= js[kk,a ykSg pqEcdh;
}kjk çlkfjr gksrh gS xqtjrh gSaA inkFkZ esa laxzfgr gksrh gSaA

5- pqEcdh; ço`fÙk χm dk eku vYi 5- pqEcdh; ço`fÙk χm] dk eku vYi 5- pqEcdh; ço`fÙk χm] dk eku vR;f/kd
_.kkRed gksrk gS /kukRed gksrk gS /kukRed gksrk gS
6- lkisf{kd ikjxE;rk 6- lkisf{kd ikjxE;rk 6- lkisf{kd ikjxE;rk
0 < μr < 1 1 < μr < 2 3 5
μr >>1 (~10 – 10 )
7- pqEcdu {ks= dh vuqifLFkfr esa] 7- çR;sd ijek.kq ,d LFkk;h f}/kzqoz 7- çR;sd ijek.kq ,d LFkk;h f}/kzqoz vk?kw.kZ
ijek.kqvksa dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 'kwU; vk?kw.kZ gS tks ;k–fPNd :i ls gS rFkk Mksesu fufeZr gksrs gSa
gS foU;kflr gS
8- çfr pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; 8- vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; 8- pqEcdh; ço`fÙk D;wjh&oht fu;e dk
ço`fÙk χm rki ij fuHkZj ugha djrh ço`fÙk ije rki ds O;qRØekuqikrh gS ikyu djrh gS
gS χm χm
χm

O O T O T
T TC
χm∝T0 1
χm ∝ 1
T χm ∝
T − TC
Cµ
χm = 0 C
T χm =
T − TC
9- Bi, Cu, Ag, Hg, Pb, H2 O, H2, He 9- Na, K, Mg, Mn, Al, Cr, Sn rFkk 9- Fe, CO, Ni rFkk budh feJ/kkrq,a
rFkk Ne vkfn çfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ gSa æo v‚Dlhtu vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ gS ykSgpqEcdh; inkFkZ gS

C
78 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
3.4 'kSfFkY;
'kSfFkY; 'kCn dk vFkZ gS ¼f'kfFkyrk ds dkj.k½ ihNs jg tkukA
1. tc ykSgpqacdh; inkFkksZ dh pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk I dks pqacdhdj.k vkSj l
fopqacdhdj.k ds ,d iwjs pØ ds fy, pqacdh; rhozrk ds le{k vkjsf[kr fd;k B A
tkrk gS rks ifj.kkeh ik'k dks pqacdh; 'kSfFkY; ik'k dgk tkrk gSA H
CO
2. tc pqacdu {ks= dh rhozrk (H) dks c<+k;k tkrk gS] pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk c<+rh
D
gS D;ksfd vf/kdkf/kd Mksesu vkjksfir {ks= dh fn'kk esa lajsf[kr gksrs tkrs gSaA
3. tc lkjs Mksesu vkjsf[kr gks pqds gksrs gSa rks inkFkZ dks pqacdh; :i ls lUr`Ir dgk tkrk gSA blls vkxs ;fn
pqacdu {ks= dh rhozrk (H) dks c<+k;k tkrk gS rks pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk (I) ugha c<+rhA
4. vc ;fn pqacdu {ks= dh rhozrk (H) dks ?kVk;k tkrk gS rks pqacdhdj.k dh rhozrk Hkh ?kVrh gS fdUrq H ds
lkFk&lkFk ugha cfYd mlls FkksM+k ihNs jgrs gq,A bl dkj.k ls] tc H 'kwU; gks tkrh gS rks A 'kwU; ugha gksrh]
vFkkZr oØ Lo;a vuqjs[k.k ugha djrk gSA
5. H = 0 gks tkus ij inkFkZ esa 'ks"k jgh pqacdhdj.k rhozrk (I) ds eku dks pqacdh; /kkj.k'khyrk vFkok pqacdRoko'ks"k
dgk tkrk gSA ;g bl rF; ds dkj.k gksrk gS fd H = 0 gks tkus ij Hkh lkjs Mksesu vPNh rjg vfHkfoU;kflr
ugha gks ikrsA
6. vc ;fn foijhr fn'kk esa pqacdh; {ks= vkjksfir dj fn;k tk, vkSj mldh rhozrk H dks c<+k;k tk, rks inkFkZ
fopqacdh—r gksuk vkjEHk dj nsrk gSA pqacdhdj.k dks ?kVkdj 'kwU; djus ds fy, vko';d pqacdu {ks= ds eku
dks fuxzkfgrk (OC) dgk tkrk gSA
7. foijhr pqc a du {ks= dks vkSj c<+k, tkus ij] inkFkZ fQj ls lUr`Ir gks tkrk gSA vc ;fn foijhr lUr`Irrk çkIr
dj ysus ds ckn pqacdu {ks= dks ?kVk;k tkrk gS rks ;g pØ Lo;a dks nksgjkrk gSA
8. ik'k }kjk ifjc) {ks=Qy] pqc a dhdj.k vkSj fopqacdhdj.k ds ,d pØ ds nkSjku gqbZ ÅtkZ dh {kfr dks fu:fir
djrk gSA

Example 14:
,d iw.kZ izfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ dk pqEcdh; izo`fr rFkk pqEcdh; ikjxE;rk D;k gksrh gS \
Solution:
χm = –1 rFkk µ = 0

Example 15:
uhps fn;ss x;s B-H oØ (a) o (b) fdlls lEcfU/kr gS & B
a
(1) Øe'k% ,d izfrpqEcdh; rFkk ,d ykSgpqEcdh; inkFkZ ls b

(2) Øe'k% ,d vuqpqEcdh; rFkk ,d ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkZ ls

H
(3) Øe'k% ueZ yksgs ¼dPps ykSgs½ rFkk LVhy ls
(4) Øe'k% LVhy rFkk ueZ ykSgs ls
Solution:
Øe'k% ueZ yksgs rFkk LVhy ls
uksV :
(i) B–H ik'k ds v/khu {ks=Qy] çfr bdkbZ vk;ru çfr pØ ÅtkZ {kfr ds cjkcj gksrk gS D;ksfd B × H dh bdkbZ
3
J/m gSA
(ii) I–H ik'k ds {ks=Qy dh bdkbZ = I × H
A A A2
= × =
m m m2
(iii) B–H ik'k ds {ks=Qy dh bdkbZ = μ0 × I-H ik'k ds {ks=Qy dh bdkbZ
Sarvam Career Institute 79
 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
3.5 dBksj ,oa ueZ pqacd
1. ,sls ykSgpqacdh; inkFkZ ftuesa yEcs le; rd pqacdhdj.k cuk jgrk gS dBksj pqacdh; inkFkZ vFkok dBksj
ykSgpqacd dgykrs gSaA dqN dBksj pqacdh; inkFkZ bl çdkj gSa : ,syfudks ¼vk;ju] ,sY;wfefu;e] fufdy] dksckYV
vkSj d‚ij dh feJkrq½ ,oa çk—frd :i ls miyC/k yksMLVksu, bUgsa LFkkbZ pqacd cukus ds fy, ç;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA LFkkbZ pqacd cukus ds fy, inkFkZ esa mPp pqacdh; /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa mPp fuxzkfgrk gksuh pkfg,A
2. ,sls ykSgpqacdh; inkFkZ tks cká {ks= ds vkjksfir jgus rd gh pqacdhdj.k dks /kkj.k dj ikrs gSa] ueZ pqca dh;
inkFkZ vFkok ueZ ykSgpqacd dgykrs gSAa dPpk yksgk ¼ueZ yksgk½ ,d ueZ ykSgpqacd gSA bl çdkj ds inkFkksZ dk
mi;ksx fo|qrpqacd cukus ds fy, gksrk gSA fo|qrpqacd cukus ds fy, inkFkZ esa fuEu pqacdh; /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa
fuEu fuxzkfgrk gksuh pkfg,A fo|qrpqacdksa dk mi;ksx fo|qr&?kfM+;ksa] ykmMLihdjksa ,oa VSfyQksu ds Mk;Ýse esa
fd;k tkrk gSA

3.6 LFkkbZ pqacd ,oa fo|qrpqacd

(i) LFkkbZ pqacd
,sls inkFkZ tks d{krki ij viuk ykSgpqacdh; xq.k yEcs le; rd cuk, j[krs gS]a LFkkbZ pqacd dgykrs gSaA
LFkkbZ pqacdksa esa (a) mPp pqacdh; /kkj.k'khyrk gksuh pkfg, ¼rkfd pqacd 'kfä'kkyh gks½ vkSj (b) mPp fuxzkfgrk
gksuh pkfg, ¼rkfd pqacdhdj.k dk xq.k] vokfNr pqacdh; {ks=ksa] ;kfU=d nqo~; Z ogkj vFkok rkieku ds ifjorZu
}kjk u"V u gks tk,½A pwafd bl fLFkfr esa inkFkZ dks pqacdhdj.k ds pØh; ifjorZuksa ds lEidZ esa dHkh Hkh ugha
yk;k tkrk gS] vr% pqacdh; i'prk vFkok pqacdh; 'kSfFkY; bl ekeys esa egRoghu gSA bu rF;ksa dks –f"Vxr
j[krs gq,] ueZ yksgs dh rqyuk esa bLikr ¼LVhy½ LFkkbZ pqacdksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vf/kd mi;qä gSA gky gh esa]
LFkkbZ pqacdksa ds fuekZ.k ds mís'; ls mPp fuxzkfgrk eku okyh dbZ feJkrq,a fodflr dh xbZ gSaA mPpre
fuxzkfgrk okyh vR;Ur mi;qä feJkrq dk uke gS fodSy‚; (VICalloy ¼oSuSfM;e] vk;ju ,oa dksckYV½½A

(ii) fo|qrpqacd
fo|qrpqacd ,d vLFkkbZ] 'kfä'kkyh pqacd gksrh gS vkSj dsoy ,d ifjukfydk gksrh gS] ftlesa blds Qsjksa dks
ueZ yksgs dh ØksM ij yisVk x;k gksrk gSA bl ØksM dh ikjxE;rk mPp gksrh gS ,oa pqacdh; /kkj.k'khyrk fuEu
gksrh gSA
A B
N S

Exercise 1.4

1. 'kfä'kkyh LFkk;h pqEcd cuk;s tkrs gSa %& 3. vuq&pqEcdh; inkFkksZa ds fy, Ι–H oØ gS %&
(1) dksckYV ds (2) ,sY;wehfu;e ds I I
(3) fVu dksy ds (4) dksckYV LVhy ds
(1) (2)
H H
2. vfrpkyd inkFkksZa ds fy, pqEcdh; izo`fÙk dk eku
gksrk gS& I I
(1) 'kwU; (2) vuUr
(3) (4)
(3) +1 (4) –1 H H
C
80 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
4. pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh dBksjrk dk ekid gS %& 11. inkFkZ ftuesa ,dy ijek.kq dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ 'kwU;
(1) vo'ks"k pqEcdRo (2) 'kSfFkY; gkfu gksrk gS] dgykrs gS %
(3) fuxzkfgrk (4) D;wjh rki (1) izfr pqEcdh; (2) ykSg pqEcdh;
(3) vuqpqEcdh; (4) vpqEcdh;
5. ,d NM+ pqEcd dh fuxzkfgrk 100 ,/eh gSA blss
100 lseh yEch rFkk 50 Qsjksa okyh ifjukfydk esa 12. dsoy ykSg&pqEcdh; inkFkZ dk xq.k gS %
j[kdj fopqEcfdr djuk gSA ifjukfydk esa izokfgr (1) pqEcdh; inkFkksZ dks vkdf"kZr djuk
fo|qr /kkjk dk eku gksxk %& (2) 'kSfFkY;rk
(1) 4 ,fEi;j (2) 2 ,fEi;j (3) PkqEcdh; izo`fÙk rki ij fuHkZj ugha
(3) 1 ,fEi;j (4) 'kwU; (4) fn'kkRed xq.k

6. tc pqEcdh; inkFkZ dks xeZ fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g: 13. tc fdlh /kkjkokgh dq.Myh esa dksbZ izfr pqEcdh;
(1) 'kfDr'kkyh pqEcd cu tkrk gS inkFkZ j[kk tkrk gS] rks pqEcdh; {ks= %&
(2) pqEcdRo dks [kks nsrk gS (1) ?kVrk gS
(3) pqEcdRo ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rk gS (2) vifjofrZr jgrk gS
(4) (1) ;k (3) (3) c<+rk gS
(4) ?kVuk vFkok c<+uk inkFkZ ds vkisf{kd vk;ru
7. D;wjh-okbl fu;e dh fdl rki ij ykSgs }kjk ij fuHkZj djrk gS
ikyuk dh tkrh gS
(1) D;wjh rki ls de 14. dBksj ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh izd`fr gS :
(2) D;wjh rki ls vfèkd (1) ladjk 'kSfFkY; ywi (2) pkSM+k 'kSfFkY; ywi
(3) dsoy D;wjh rki ij (3) fuEu ikjxE;rk (4) ;kfU=d l[r lrg
(4) lHkh rki ij
15. vuqpqEcdh; inkFkksZa dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ gksrk gS
8. ,d inkFkZ dh vkisf{kd fo|qr'khyrk o ikjxE;rk ¼ckgkz pqEcdh; {ks= esa½ %&]
Øe'k% εr o µr gSA izfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ ds fy;s (1) vuUr
bu jkf'k;ksa ds dkSuls eku mi;qZä gksxsa %& (2) 'kwU;
(1) εr = 0.5, µr = 1.5 (2) εr = 1.5, µr = 0.5 (3) fuf'pr ysfdu cgqr de
(4) buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ugha
(3) εr = 0.5, µr = 0.5 (4) εr = 1.5, µr = 1.5

16. vuqpqEcdRo dk dkj.k gS %

9. ;fn fdlh izfr pqEcdh; inkFkZ dks pqEcdh; {ks=
(1) v;qfXer bysDVªkWu
esa j[kk tkrk gS] rks inkFkZ ds Hkhrj ¶yDl ?kuRo]
(2) bysDVªkWu vkf/kD; o bysDVªkWuksa dh pØ.kxfr
ckgj dh rqyuk esa gksxk %&
(3) ;qfXer bysDVªkWu o bysDVªkWuksa dh d{kh; xfr
(1) dqN de (2) dqN vf/kd
(4) bysDVªkWu o bysDVªkWuksa dh d{kh; xfr
(3) cgqr vfèkd (4) leku

17. izfrpqEcdRo dk dkj.k gS %&

10. ;fn fdlh e'khu dh dk;Z iz.kkyh dks pqEcd jks/kh
(1) bysDVªkWuksa dh d{kh; xfr
cukuk gks rks bl e'khu dk fMCck gksuk pkfg;s %&
(2) bysDVªkWuksa dh pØ.k xfr
(1) vpqEcdh; inkFkZ dk
(3) ;qfXer bysDVªkWu
(2) izfr pqEcdh; inkFkZ dk
(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(3) vuqpEcdh; inkFkZ dk
(4) ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkZ dk

Sarvam Career Institute 81

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
18. izfrpqEcdh; inkFkksZa dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ gksrk gS 25. pqEcdRo dk loZekU; xq.k tks lHkh inkFkksZa esa ik;k
¼ckgkz pqEcdh; {ks= dh vuqifLFkrh esa½%& tkrk gS%
(1) vuUr (2) 'kwU; (1) ykSgpqEcdRo
(3) 100 ,fEi;j × eh
2
(4) buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ugha (2) izfrpqEcdRo
(3) vuqpqEcdRo
19. izfrpqEcdh; inkFkksZa ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk (4) vpqEcdRo
dFku lgh gS
(1) µr < 1 26. ykSg pqEcdRo dk dkj.k gS %&
(2) χ _.kkRed o cgqr de (1) bysDVªkWuksa dh d{kh; xfr
(3) χ rki ij fuHkZj ugha djrh (2) bysDVªkWuksa dh pØ.k xfr
(3) LFkk;h pqEcdh; f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZ
(4) mijksDr lHkh
(4) u pØ.k vkSj ugha d{kh; xfr
20. fuEu fp= esa okWp XykWl esa j[kk nzo gS %&
27. ,d vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh –73°C ij pqEcdh;
izo`fÙk 0.0075 gS] rks –173°C ij pqEcdh; izo`fÙk
N S
dk eku gksxk %
(1) 0.0045 (2) 0.0030
(1) ykSg pqEcdh; (2) vuqpqEcdh; (3) 0.015 (4) 0.0075
(3) izfrpqEcdh; (4) vpqEcdh;
28. izfr&pqEcdh; inkFkZ%
21. ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkksZa ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk (1) pqEcd }kjk nqcZy :i ls vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa
dFku lgh gS% (2) pqEcd }kjk izcy :i ls vkdf"kZr gksrs gS
(1) ;s D;wjh rki ij izfrpqEcdh; gks tkrs gSa
(3) pqEcd }kjk nqcZy :i ls izfrdf"kZr gksrs gSa
(2) ;s D;wjh rki ij vuqpqEcdh; gks tkrs gSa
(4) pqEcd }kjk izcy :i ls izfrdf"kZr gksrs gSa
(3) budh pqEcdh; izo`fÙk D;wjh rki ij 'kwU; gksrh
gS 29. ,d vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; ço`fr ije
(4) blds pqEcdh; xq.kksa dh O;k[;k bysDVªkWu
rki T ds lkFk fdl çdkj ifjofrZr gksrh gS\
fl)kUr }kjk dh tkrh gS (1) ∝ T
–1
(2) ∝ T
22. ,d inkFkZ dh NM+ izcy pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kus ij
(3) = fu;rkad
?kwedj pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ vk tkrh gSA ml T
inkFkZ dh izd`fr gksxh% (4) ∝ e
(1) izfr pqEcdh; (2) vuqpqEcdh;
(3) ykSg pqEcdh; (4) y?kq ykSg pqEcdh;
30. ,d pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[ks vuqpEq cdh; inkFkZ ds fy,
fuEu dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft, %
23. ;fn fdlh pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; izo`fÙk (a) ;fn pqEcdh; {ks= c<+rk gS rks pqEcdu c<+rk
– 0.004 gks rks mldh izd`fr gksxh% gSA
(1) izfr pqEcdh; (2) vuqpqEcdh; (b) ;fn rki c<+rk gS rks pqEcdu c<+rk gSA
(3) ykSg pqEcdh; (4) vpqEcdh; (1) (a) o (b) nksuks lR; gSA
(2) (a) lR; gS ijUrq (b) vlR; gSA
24. ;fn inkFkZ dh vkisf{kd pqEcd'khyrk 0.9999 gS (3) (b) lR; gS ijUrq (a) vlR; gSA
rks bldh izd`fr gS% (4) (a) o (b) nksuks vlR; gSA
(1) vuqpqEcdh; (2) izfr&pqEcdh;
(3) ykSg&pqEcdh; (4) vpqEcdh;
C
82 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
31. fdlh lqxzkgh ;a= dks cká pqEcdh; {ks= ls cpkus 37. uhps izfrpqEcdRo lEcU/kh xq.k fn;s x;s gSaA buesa
ds fy;s] bls : ls xyr fodYi pqus %
(1) ,Y;wehfu;e ds ckWDl ds Hkhrj j[k nsrs gSa (1) izfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ LFkk;h pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ ugha
(2) yksgs ds ckWDl ds Hkhrj j[k nsrs gSa j[krk gS
(3) /kkjk izokfgr djrs le; bls pkjksa vksj ls (2) izfrpqEcdRo bysDVªkWu dh d{kh; xfr ls
vpkyd inkFkZ ls <+d nsrs gSa le>k;k tkrk gS
(4) bls ,d rk¡cs dh 'khV ls <d nsrs gSa (3) izfr pqEcdh; inkFkZ vYi /kukRed izo`fÙk j[krs
gS
32. fuEu esa ls D;k lR; gS %& (4) vyx&vyx bysDVªkWuksa esa pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ
(1) izfrpqEcdRo rki ij fuHkZj djrk gS ,d&nwljs dks fujLr dj nsrs gSa
(2) vuqpqEcdRo rki ij fuHkZj djrk gS
(3) vuqpqEcdRo rki ij fuHkZj ugha djrk gS 38. dPps ykSgs ds fy, B–H ywi dk {ks=Qy bLikr
(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (steel) dh vis{kk gksrk gS%&
(1) vf/kd
33. fuEu esa ls dkSulk ykSg pqEcdh; gS % (2) de
(1) Co (3) cjkcj
(2) Zn (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(3) Hg
(4) Pt 39. LFkk;h pqEcd ds inkFkZ ds fy, 'kSfFkY; ik'k gS %
(1) NksVk vkSj pkSM+k
34. vfrpkyd iw.kZr% iznf'kZr djrs gS % (2) yEck vkSj ladjk
(1) y?kq ykSg pqEcdRo (3) yEck vkSj pkSM+k
(2) izfr ykSg pqEcdRo (4) NksVk vkSj ladjk
(3) vuqpqEcdRo
(4) izfr pqEcdRo 40. xyr dFku NkafV, %
tc ,d ykSg&pqEcdh; inkFkZ pqEcdu ds ,d
35. izfr pqEcdh; inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; izo`fÙk] ijerki lEiw.kZ pØ ls xqtjrk gS rks pqEcdh; ço`fÙk
ds lkFk fuEu izdkj ifjofrZr gksrh gS : (1) dk fuf'pr eku gS
(1) T ds lh/ks lekuqikrh (2) 'kwU; gks ldrh gS
(2) T ds lkFk O;qRØekuqikrh (3) vuUr gks ldrh gS
(3) T ds lkFk vifjofrZr (4) _.kkRed gks ldrh gS
(4) T ds lkFk pj?kkarkdh
41. 'kSfFkY;rk ds ckjs esa vlR; dFku gS%
36. tc ,d ykSgpqEcdh; inkFkZ ds VqdM+s dks ,d (1) lHkh ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkks± esa ;g izHkko leku
le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[krs gS rks blds Hkhrj gksrk gS
pqEcdh; ¶yDl ?kuRo blds ckgj dh rqyuk esa (2) 'kSfFkY; ywi dk {ks=Qy] inkFkZ ds izfr bdkbZ
pkj xquk gSA inkFkZ dh pqEcdh; ikjxE;rk gS %& vk;ru esa mRiUu Å"eh; ÅtkZ ds
(1) 1 vuqØekuqikrh gksrk gSA
(2) 2 (3) 'kSfFkY; ywi dk {ks=Qy] inkFkZ ds izfr bdkbZ
(3) 3 vk;ru esa mRiUu Å"eh; ÅtkZ ij fuHkZj ugha
(4) 4 djrk gS
(4) 'kSfFkY; ywi dh vkd`fr] inkFkZ dk
vfHkyk{kf.kd gS
Sarvam Career Institute 83
 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
42. LFkk;h (permanent) pqEcd ds inkFkZ esa gksrk gS% 44. ,d çfrpqacdh; inkFkZ ds fy, pqacdu {ks= (H) ds
(1) mPp /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa fuEu fuxzkfgrk lkFk pqEcdu rhozrk (I) ds ifjorZu dks oØ }kjk
(2) fuEu /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa mPp fuxzkfgrk n'kkZ;k tk,xk&
(3) fuEu /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa fuEu fuxzkfgrk I A
(4) mPp èkkj.k'khyrk ,oa mPp fuxzkfgrk
B
43. ;fn Fe dh fuxzkfgrk 2000 A/m gS rks vko';d O H
pqEcdh; {ks= gksxk& C
(1) 4π× 10−7 T
D
(2) 8π× 10−7 T
(1) OC (2) OD
(3) 8π× 10−4 T
(3) OA (4) OB
(4) 4π× 10−3 T

C
84 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
Exercise 2

1. ,d NM+ pqEcd ds Hkhrj pqEcdh; cy js[kk;sa 5. lwbZ;k¡ N1, N2 rFkk N3 Øe'k% ykSgpqEcdh;]
(1) pqEcd ds mÙkjh /kzo
q ls nf{k.kh /kzqo dh vksj vuqpqEcdh; rFkk izfrpqEcdh; inkFkksZa ls cuh gSA
gksrh gS ,d pqEcd dks muds fudV ykus ij
(2) fo|eku ugha gksrh gS (1) os rhuksa vkdf"kZr gksaxh
(3) NM+ pqEcd ds vuqizLFk dkV {ks=Qy ij fuHkZj (2) N1 rFkk N2 dks izcyrk ls vkdf"kZr djrk gS
djrh gS ysfdu N3 dks {kh.k :i ls izfrdf"kZr djrk gSA
(4) pqEcd ds nf{k.kh /kzqo ls mÙkjh /kzqo dh vksj
(3) N1 dks izcyrk ls] N2 dks {kh.krk ls vkdf"kZr
gksrh gS
djrk gS rFkk N3 dks {kh.krk ls izfrdf"kZr djrk
2. ,d NM+ pqEcd dks 0.2 ehVj yEckbZ 100 Qsjs gSA
(4) N1 dks izcyrk ls vkdf"kZr djrk gS ysfdu N2
okyh ifjukfydk ds vanj Mkydj 5.2 ,Eih;j /kkjk
izokfgr djds fopqEcdhr fd;k tkrk gSA NM+ rFkk N3 dks {kh.krk ls izfrdf"kZr djrk gSA
pqEcd dh fuxzkfgrk gksxh %
(1) 1200 A/m (2) 2600 A/m 6. fo|qr pqEcd cukus ds fy, inkFkZ esa dkSuls xq.k
(3) 520 A/m (4) 285 A/m gksus pkfg,&
(1) mPp /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa mPp fuxzkfgrk
3. ,d pqEcdh; f}/kzqo vpj pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[krk gS (2) vYi /kkj.k'khyrk ,ao vYi fuxzkfgrk
(1) vf/kdre fLFkfrt ÅtkZ tc cyk?kw.kZ vf/kdre (3) mPp /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa vYi fuxzkfgrk
gSA (4) vYi /kkj.k'khyrk ,oa mPp fuxzkfgrk
(2) 'kwU; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ tc cyk?kw.kZ vf/kdre gSA
(3) 'kwU; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ tc cyk?kw.kZ U;wure gSA 7. ,d ykSgpqEcd ds fy, B-H oØ fp= esa fn;k x;k
(4) U;wure fLFkfrt ÅtkZ tc cyk?kw.kZ vf/kdre gSA ykSgpqEcd 1000 Qsjs@lseh ds lkFk ,d yEch
gksrk gSA ifjukfydk ds Hkhrj j[kh gSA ykSgpqEcd dks iw.kZr%
fopqEcfdr djus ds fy, fdruh /kkjk ifjukfydk
4. nks pqEcdh; inkFkksZa A o B ds fy, 'kSfFkY; ywi uhps ls xqtkjuh pkfg, &
fn;s x;s gSA B(T)
B B 2,0
1,0 H(A/m)
H H 100
–200 –100 200
1,0
2,0
(A) (B)
bu inkFkksZa dk mi;ksx fo|qr tfu=] VªkalQkeZj (1) 2 mA (2) 20 µA
ØksM rFkk fo|qr pqEcd ØksM ds fy, fd;k tkrk (3) 1 mA (4) 40 µA
gSA rc budk mfpr mi;ksx gS&
(1) fo|qr tfu= rFkk VªkalQkeZj ds fy, A 8. ,d iw.kZ izfr pqEcd dk mnkgj.k ,d vfrpkyd
(2) fo|qr pqEcd ds fy, A rFkk fo|qr tfu= ds gSA ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk tkrk gS fd tc ,d
fy, B vfrpkyd dks B rhozrk ds ,d pqEcdh; {ks= esa
(3) VªkalQkeZj ds fy, A rFkk fo|qr tfu= ds fy, j[kk tkrk gS] rks vfrpkyd ds Hkhrj pqEcdh; {kS=
B BS fuEu izdkj gksxk&
(4) fo|qr pqEcd rFkk VªkalQkeZj ds fy, B (1) BS = –B (2) BS > B
(3) BS = 0 (4) BS = B

Sarvam Career Institute 85

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
Exercise 3

1 ls 13 rd if<+, & 5. dFku % pqacdh; {ks= çR;sd fcanq ij xfreku

dFku vkSj dkj.k /;ku ls i<+sa vkSj lgh fodYiksa vkosf'kr d.k ij cy dh js[kkvksa dks n'kkZrk gSA
dks fpfàr djsaA 
dkj.k % pqEcdh; {ks= ges'kk B ds lekukUrj gksrk
(A) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj dkj.k]  
gS [ tgk¡ pqEcdh; cy= q(V × B) ]
dFku dh lgh O;k[;k djrk gSA
(1) A (2) B
(B) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa lR; gSa ysfdu dkj.k]
(3) C (4) D
dFku dh lgh O;k[;k ugh djrk gSA
(C) dFku lR; gS ysfdu dkj.k xyr gSA
(D) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa xyr gSaA 6. dFku % pqacdh; {ks= dk fdlh cUn i`"B ds lkFk
i`"Bh; lekdyu ges'kk 'kwU; gksrk gSA
1. dFku % fcuk vkos'k ds fudk; dk pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ dkj.k % pqEcdh; /kqzo lnSo ;qXe esa gksrs gSA
gksuk laHko ugha gSA (1) A (2) B
dkj.k % pqacdh; vk?kw.kZ vkos'k ij lh/ks fuHkZj djrk (3) C (4) D
gSA
(1) A (2) B 7. dFku % ,d vfrpkyd ,d mÙke izfrpqEcdh;
(3) C (4) D inkFkZ gksrk gSA
dkj.k % ,d vfrpkyd ,d mÙke pkyd gksrk gSA
2. dFku % fdlh bysDVª‚u ds fy, pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ (1) A (2) B
vkSj d{kh; dks.kh; laosx dh fn'kk ,d nwljs ds (3) C (4) D
foijhr gksrh gSA
dkj.k % bysDVª‚u _.kkRed :i ls vkosf'kr gksrk 8. dFku % U&ufydk dh ,d Hkqtk esa çfrpqacdh;
gSA foy;u dks ,d n`< pqacd ds /kqzo ds e/; j[kk
(1) A (2) B
tkrk gS] ftlls foy;u dk Lrj fxjrk gSA
(3) C (4) D
dkj.k % çfrpqacdh; inkFkZ pqacdh; {ks= }kjk
çfrdf"kZr gksrs gSaA
3. dFku % fdlh AC vuwdwyd ¼,sMIVj½ esa ueZ ykSgs
(1) A (2) B
dh dksj dk mi;ksx djrs gSA
(3) C (4) D
dkj.k % ueZ ykSgk 'ks"k pqEcdRo n'kkZrk gSA
(1) A (2) B
9. dFku % ,d —f=e ekuo fufeZr çfrpqEcdh; inkFkZ
(3) C (4) D
dks ok;q ds e/; esa Å/okZ/kj /kkjk okgh ifjukfydk
4. dFku % vf/kd rkieku ij ,d ykSgpqEcdh; ds Åij yVdk;k tk ldrk gSA
inkFkZ] vuqpqEcdh; inkFkZ dh rjg O;ogkj djrk dkj.k % tc ge ,d çfrpqacdh; inkFkZ dks
gSA vle:i pqacdh; {ks= esa j[krs gSa] rks ;g vf/kd
dkj.k % vf/kd rkeiku ij ijek.kqvksa dh ;kn`fPNd rhoz {ks= fLFkfr ls nqcZy {ks= fLFkfr dh vksj pyk
xfr ds dkj.k Mksesu fo:fir gks tkrs gS & tkrk gSA
(1) A (2) B (1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D (3) C (4) D

C
86 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
10. dFku % lHkh pqacdh; inkFkZ vR;f/kd xeZ djus ij 12. dFku % LFkk;h pqEcd cukus ds fy, uje yksgs dh
vius pqacdh; xq.k [kks nsrs gSaA vis{kk LVhy dks çkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA
dkj.k % dqN inkFkZ çfrpqacdRo n'kkZrs gSaA dkj.k % pw¡fd LVhy dh /kkj.k'khyrk de gksrh gSA
(1) A (2) B (1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D (3) C (4) D

11. dFku % ueZ ykSgs dk mi;ksx VªkWlQkeZj dksj ds :i 13. dFku % vf/kd ikjxE;rk okys ek/;e esa pqEcdh;
esa fd;k tkrk gSA {ks= js[kkvksa dk ?kuRo fuEu gks tkrk gSA
dkj.k % ueZ ykSgk ladh.kZ 'kSfFkY; oØ n'kkZrk gS A 1
dkj.k % D;ksafd pqEcdh; {ks= ∝
(1) A (2) B ikjxE;rk
(3) C (4) D (1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D

Sarvam Career Institute 87

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

1. pqEcdh; f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ M rFkk  yEckbZ dh ,d 4. ,d 250 ?ksajksa okyh vk;rkdkj dq.Myh ftldh
pqEcdh; NM+ dks fp=kuqlkj eksM+k tkrk gS] rc u;k yackbZ 2.1 lseh vkSj pkSM+kbZ 1.25 lseh gSA blesa
pqEcdh; f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ gksxk& [NEET_2013] 85 µA dh /kkjk çokfgr gks jgh gS vkSj bls
0.85 T {kerk ds pqacdh; {ks= ds v/khu j[kk tkrk
gSA bl dq.Myh dks cyk?kw.kZ ds fo#) 180° rd
r 60° r ?kqekus ds fy, fd;k x;k dk;Z gS &
[NEET_2017]
(1) 3 M / π (2) 2 M / π (1) 9.1 µJ
(3) M / 2 (4) M (2) 4.55 µJ
(3) 2.3 µJ
2. vkjs[k esa n.M ¼NM+½ pqEcdksa dh O;oLFkkvksa ds
foU;kl fn, x, gSaA izR;sd pqEcd dk f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ (4) 1.15 µJ

m gSaA fdl foU;kl esa dqy pqEcdh; f}/kqzo vk?kw.kZ
dk eku vf/kdre gksxk \ [NEET_2014] 5. fdlh fo|qr pqEcd ds /kqzoksa ds chp izfrpqEcdh;
N inkFkZ dh ,d iryh NM+ Å/okZ/kj fLFkfr gSA tc
N S fo|qr pqEcd esa fo|qr/kkjk izokfgr dh tkrh gS] rks
(a) (b) og NM+ {kSfrt pqEcdh; {ks= ls ckgj Åij dh vksj
S S N S N
/kdsy nh tkrh gSA bl izdkj ;g NM+ xq:Roh;
N fLFkfrt ÅtkZ izkIr djrh gSA ,slk djus ds fy,
N
30º vko';d dk;Z djrk gS: [NEET_2018]
(c) (d) 60º
S N (1) /kkjk dk L=ksr
S N
(2) pqEcdh; {ks=
(1) (c) (2) (d) (3) NM+ ds inkFkZ dh tkyd lajpuk
(3) (a) (4) (b) (4) vkosf'kr pqEcdh; {ks= ls izsfjr fo|qr {ks=

3. fdlh ,dleku {kSfrt pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d irys

6. 599 /kkj.k'khyrk dh fdlh yksgs dh NM+ ij
lwrh /kkxs ls yVdk;k x;k ,d n.M pqEcd
–1
lkE;koLFkk esa gSA bls 60° ls ?kqekus ds fy, 1200 A m rhozrk dk pqEcdh; +{ks= yxk;k x;k
vko';d ÅtkZ W gSA vc bl pqEcd dks blh u;h gSA bl NM+ ds inkFkZ dh ikjxE;rk gS :
fLFkfr esa cuk;s j[kus ds fy, vko';d cy&vk?kw.kZ –7
(µ0 = 4π × 10 T mA )
–1
[NEET_2020]
dk eku gksxk& [NEET_2016]
–5 –1
(1) 2.4π × 10 T m A
3W
(1) –7 –1
2 (2) 2.4π × 10 T m A
2W (3) 2.4π × 10 T m A
–4 –1
(2)
3 –5 –1
(4) 8.0 × 10 T m A
W
(3)
3
(4) 3W
C
88 Sarvam Career Institute
pqEcdRo ,oa æO; PHYSICS
7. ,d vuqpqacdh; inkFkZ ds fy, ije rki ¼T½ ds 9. 0.049 T ds ,d ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d pqEcdh;
lkFk pqEcdh; izo`fÙk ¼c½ ds ifjorZu dks iznf'kZr lqbZ 5 lsdaM esa 20 nksyu iw.kZ djrh gS ¼fp=kuqlkj½A lqbZ
fd;k tkrk gS & [NEET_2023(Manipur)] –6 2
dk tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ 9.8 × 10 kg m gSA ;fn lqbZ ds
pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ dk ifjek.k x × 10–5 Am2 gks rks 'x' dk eku
χ gS: [NEET_2024]
(1)
N
1/T B
S
χ 2 2
(2) (1) 50 π (2) 1280 π
2 2
(3) 5 π (4) 128 π
1/T

10. L yEckbZ dh ,d ykSg NM+ pqEcd dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ

χ M gSA ;g yEckbZ ds e/; ls bl izdkj eksM+k x;k gS
(3)
fd nksuksa Hkqtk,¡ ,d nwljs ds lkFk 60° dk dks.k cukrh
1/T gSA bl ubZ pqEcd dk pqEcdh; vk?kw.kZ gS:
[NEET_2024]
χ M
(4) (1) 2M (2)
3
1/T M
(3) M (4)
2
8. lwph-I dk lwph-II ls feyku dhft,A
[NEET_2024] 11. ,d rhoz pqEcdh; /kzqo ds lkeus ,d {kSfrt ry ij
lwph-I lwph-II ,d pknj j[kh xbZ gSA ,d cy vko';d gS:
(inkFkZ) (pqEcdh; izo`fÙk-χ) [NEET_2024]
A. izfrpqEcdh; I. χ=0 A. ;fn ;g pqEcd gS rks pknj dks ogk¡ j[kusa ds fy,
B. ykSg pqEcdh; II. 0 > χ > –1 B. ;fn ;g vpqEcd gS rks pknj dks ogk¡ j[kusa ds
C. vuqpqEcdh; III. χ >> 1 fy,
D. vpqEcdh; IV. 0 < χ < ε (,d y?kq C. ;fn ;g pkyd gS rks pknj dks /kzqo ls nwj
/kukRed la[;k) ,dleku osx ls ys tkus ds fy,
uhps fn, x,s fodYiksa ls lgh mÙkj pqfu,: D. ;fn ;g dqpkyd ,oa v/kzqfor gS rks pknj dks /kzqo
(1) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV ls nwj ,dleku osx ls ys tkus ds fy,
(2) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I uhps fn;s fodYiksa ls lgh dFku pqfu,:
(3) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I (1) dsoy A, C rFkk D (2) dsoy C
(4) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV (3) dsoy B rFkk D (4) dsoy A rFkk C

Sarvam Career Institute 89

 PHYSICS pqEcdRo ,oa æO;
ANSWER KEYS

Exercise 1.1
1. (a) 2M (b) 0 (c) 2M (d) M (e) 0 (f) 2 2 M
M M M M 2M
2. (a) (b) 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 2 2 2 π
θ
4. (4) 5. 2P0 cos  
2

Exercise 1.2
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (2)
8. (4) 9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (2) 12. (3) 13. (1)
–7 –7 13
14. (a) B = 0.25 × 10 T (b) B = 10 T (c) Bp = × 10−7 T
2
–1 4
15. 0.36 JT 16. (a) 5 × 10 T (b) –6 J
–6 –6 –6
17. (a) 12 3 × 10 N-m (b) stable (c) (i) –12 × 10 J (ii) 36 × 10 J
18. (4) 19. (2) 20. (2)

Exercise 1.3
1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5. (1)
6 –4 5
6. 1500 A/m, 7.5 ×10 A/m, 9.4 T 7. (a) 2.5 × 10 wb/A-m (b) 198 (c) 7.92 × 10 A/m
8. 500 A/m 9. 4999 10. Intrinsic, orbital 11. A-s, B-q, C-p, D-r
12. 780.25, 779.25 13. 0.625 × 10−3 Wb / Am

Exercise 1.4
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 1
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 4 3 4 3 2 3 1
Que. 41 42 43 44
Ans. 3 4 3 1

Exercise 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ans. 4 2 2 4 3 2 3 3

Exercise 3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. 4 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 4

Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ans. 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 2 4 4
C
90 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS

Chapter
oS|qr pqEcdh;
3
izsj.k
v/;k; voyksdu ifjp;
vksjLVsM uked oSKkfud us vius ç;ksxksa }kjk ;g çnf'kZr fd;k fd
– ifjp;
– pqacdh; ¶yDl fo|qr /kkjk,a vius ifjos'kh f=foe esa pqacdh; {ks= mRiUu ¼çsfjr½ dj
– QsjsakMs dk çsj.k dk fu;e ldrh gSaA vksjLVsM ds ç;ksxksa ds ifj.kkeksa ds çrhi ¼foijhr½ ifj.kkeksa
– ysat dk fu;e ¼ÅtkZ laj{k.k dk dks QsjkMs uss ç;ksxkRed çn'kZuksa }kjk fl) dj fn;k x;kA bu ç;ksxksa
fl)kUr½ dk fu"d"kZ ;g Fkk fd pqacdh; {ks= esa ifjorZu ykdj fo|qr/kkjk mRiUu
– pqacdh; ¶yDl dks ifjofrZr dh tk ldrh gSA
djus dh fof/k;k¡
bl v/;k; esa ge oS|qrpqacdh; çsj.k ds ç;ksxksa ,oa mudh mi;ksxksa dk
– xfrd fo|qr okgd cy
– ÅtkZ –f"V : ,d ifjek.kkRed v/;;u djsaxsA
v/;;u
– ?kw.kZu ds dkj.k çsfjr fo-ok- cy 1. pqacdh; ¶yDl
– Hkaoj èkkjk,s ;g lrg ls xqtjus okyh pqEcdh; js[kkvksa dh la[;k ds lekuqikrh gSA
– Lo&çsjdRo  
xf.krh; :i esa] φB = B ⋅ A = BAcosθ …(i)
– vU;ksU; çsjdRo
– L-R ifjiFk tgk¡ φB, le:i pqacdh; {ks= B esa j[kh gqbZ] A {ks=Qy okyh lery
– çR;korhZ /kkjk tfu=  
lrg ls xqtjus okyk ¶yDl gSA θ,B vkSj A vkSj ds chp dk dks.k
– D.C. eksVj
gSA lehdj.k (i) dks oØ lrgksa ,oa vle:i pqacdh; {ks=ksa ds fy, Hkh
mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

B
θ
A

fp= : le:i pqEcdh; {ks= B esa j[kk i`"Bh; {ks=Qy A dk ,d lery

Sarvam Career Institute 91

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
;fn lrg ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa pqacdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k o mldh fn'kk fHkUu&fHkUu gks] tSlk fd fp= esa n'kkZ;k
x;k gS] rks lrg ls xqtjs okys pqacdh; {ks= dks fuEufyf[kr lw= }kjk Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA
dAi
Bi

fp= : i osa {ks=Qy vo;o ij pqEcdh; {ks=

Bi, dAi, i osa vo;o {ks=Qy ds {ks=Qy
lfn'k dks çnf'kZr djrk gS
     
φB = B1 ⋅ dA1 + B2 ⋅ dA 2 +…= ∑ ii==n1Bi ⋅ dA i …(ii)
pqacdh; ¶yDl dh bdkbZ → oscj
pqacdh; ¶yDl dh foek → ML2 T −2 A −1 

Example 1:
,d dq.Myh ds ry dk {ks=Qy 1 m2 rFkk blesa 50 ?ksjsa gS ;g 3 × 10–5 oScj/m2 ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor gSA
blls lEcfUèkr pqEcdh; ¶yDl gksxk&
–3 –5 –5
(1) 1.5 × 10 oScj (2) 3 × 10 oScj (3) 15 × 10 oScj (4) 150 oScj
Solution:
φ = NBA cosθ
–5 2
N = 50, B = 3 × 10 wb/m ,
2
A = 1 m , θ = 0° or
–5 –5 –3
φ = NBA = 50 × 3 ×10 × 1 = 150 × 10 oScj = 1.5 × 10 Wb

Example 2:
fp= es I èkkjkokgh ,d yEck lhèkk rkj rFkk  Hkqtk dk ,d oxkZdkj pkyd rkj dk ywi èkkjkokgh +∞
rkj ls ‘a’ nwjh ij fLFkr gSA èkkjkokgh rkj rFkk ywi nksuksa dkxt ds ry esa gS] ywi es ls xqtjus I x
okyk èkkjkokgh rkj dk pqEcdh; ¶yDl Kkr dhft,A x
x 
x
Solution: a x
pwafd yqi ls xqtjus okys èkkjkokgh rkj dk {ks= leku fn'kk esa (vfHkyEcor vUnj dh vksj) gSA x dx
ijUrq ifjek.k esa leku ugha gSA vr% ¶yDl Kkr djus ds fy, lekdyu fofèk ç;ksx djuk
–∞
gksxkA
 yEckbZ rFkk dx pkSM+kbZ dh ,d iryh vk;rkdkj ifêdk ls xqtjus okyk vYi ¶yDl
  µ I
dφB = B( x ) ⋅ dA =
B( x )dA cos180º =
− 0 ⋅  × dx
2π x
a+
µ0 I . 
∴ φB =∫ dφB =− ∫ ⋅ dx
a
2π x
µ0 µ a+
I.. [loge x ]x = a = − 0 I. loge
x= a + 
=−
2π 2π a
92 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Exercise 1.1

1. ,d 100 ?ksjsaksa rFkk 5 cm2 {kS=Qy okyh dq.Myh dks 7. pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku 3 × 10–5 Wb/m2 gSA ,d oxZ
0.2 Vslyk okys ckgkz pqEcdh; {ks= esa bl izdkj ls ehVj {ks=Qy dh 5 ?ksjksa sa dh dq.Myh] ftldk ry
j[kk x;k gS fd ;g {ks= dh fn'kk ds lkFk 30° dk pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ gS] ls lEc) pqEcdh;
¶yDl gksxk&
dks.k cukrh gSA dq.Myh ls lEcfU/kr pqEcdh; –5 –5
(1) 3 × 10 Wb (2) 5 × 10 Wb
¶yDl ds eku dh (oscj es)a x.kuk djksA –5 –5
(3) 15 × 10 Wb (4) 1 × 10 Wb

2. N ?ksjksa sa rFkk A {ks=Qy okyh ,d dq.Myh dks 8. a Hkqtk dk ,d ?ku fdlh B rhozrk ds pqEcdh; {ks=
le:i vuqizLFk pqEcdh; {ks= B esa j[kk x;k gSA esa fLFkr gS rks ?ku ls fuxZr pqEcdh; ¶yDl dk
;fn bls blds fdlh O;kl ds ifjr 2 lSd.M esa eku gksxk&
180° ls ?kqek fn;k tk, rks dq.Myh ls lEcfU/kr D C
F
pqEcdh; ¶yDl esa ifjorZu dh nj Kkr djksa G

O A
3. 'a' Hkqtk okys oxkZdkj ?ku dks le:i pqEcdh; {ks=
H
'B' esa j[kk x;k gs rks ?ku ds izR;sd Qyd ls E
2 2
lEcfU/kr pqEcdh; ¶yDl dh Kkr djksA (1) Ba (2)–Ba
2
G (3) 2Ba (4) 'kwU;
C
H
D �⃗
B
9. fp= ,d {ks=Qy A = 0.5 m2 dks iznf'kZr djrk gS
B tks ,d le:i pqEcdh; {ks= B = 2.0 oScj/m2 esa
F fLFkr gS vkSj pqEcdh; {ks= ls 60° dk dks.k cukrk
E a A gSA {ks=Qy ls fuxZr pqEcdh; ¶yDl dk eku
gksxk&
2
4. 0.1 m {ks=Qy okys ywi ds ry ds yEc~or 0.2
A
Vslyk pqEcdh; {ks= vkjksfir gSA ywi ls lEcfU/kr B
pqEcdh; ¶yDl ds eku dh x.kuk djksA 60°


5. B (4i − k)
fdlh LFkku ij pqEcdh; {ks= dk eku = 

Vslyk gSA bl {ks= easa 0.1 eh2 {ks=Qy okys ywi ls (1) 2.0 oscj (2) 3 oscj
3
lEcfU/kr pqEcdh; ¶yDl dk eku D;k gksxk, tc (3) oscj (4) 0.5 oscj
2
ywi xy ry esa fLFkr gSA
10. R f=T;k dk ,d o`Ùkh; ywi x-y ry esa fLFkr gS
6. ,d 250 ?ksjksa dh ifjukfydk dk O;kl 4 lseh o vkSj mldk dsUnz ewy fcUnq ij gSA mlesa /kkjk I
yEckbZ 20 lseh gSA blesa 15 ,Eih;j dh /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA x-y ry esa ls xqtjus okyk dqy
izokfgr gSA blds dsUnz ij v{k ds yEcor pqEcdh; ¶yDl %
(1) I ds lekuqikrh gksxk
O;ofLFkr 10 lseh f=T;k dh pdrh ls ikfjr
(2) R ds lekuqikrh gksxkA
pqEcdh; ¶yDl dh x.kuk djksA 2
(3) R ds lekuqikrh gksxk
(4) 'kwU; gksxkA
Sarvam Career Institute 93
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
2. QsjsakMs dk çsj.k dk fu;e
ç;ksxkRed vk/kkj ij QsjsakMs us fo|qr pqEcdh; çsj.k ds nks fu;e fn,
(1) ;fn dq.Myh ls lEc) pqEcdh; ¶yDl esa dqN ifjorZu gksrk gS] rc dq.Myh esa fo- ok- c- çsfjr gksrk gSA
(2) fdlh ifjiFk esa] çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy dk ifjek.k] ml ifjiFk ls pqacdh; ¶yDl ds ifjorZu dh le; nj
d
ds cjkcj gksrk gSA xf.krh; :i es]a rkR{kf.kd fo|qr okgd cy e(t) =
− φ(t)
dt
∆φ  φ2 − φ1 
vkSlr çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy < e > =
− =
− 
∆t  t 2 − t1 
¶ .kkRed fpg ik'k esa çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy dh ,oa lkFk gh çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk dh fn'kk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS
tks fd ysat ds fu;e ds vuqikyu esa gSA
d
N ?ksjksa sa okyh] lVkdj yisVh xbZ dqaMyh esa çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy e ( t ) =
−N φ ( t )
dt

3. ysat dk fu;e ¼ÅtkZ laj{k.k dk fl)kUr½

• bl fu;e ds vuqlkj] fo-ok-cy bl rjg mRiUu gksxk fd og vius
mRiUu gksus ds dkj.k dk fojksèk djrk gSA fp= esa ,d pqEcd dks n'kkZ;k
v
x;k gSA ftldk mRrjh /kqzo oy; ds utnhd vk jgk gSA ;fn pqEcd dks
N S
dq.Myh dh rjQ dqN çkjfEHkd osx fn;k tk;s rFkk eqDr dj fn;k tk;s]
rks bldh xfr /kheh gks tk;sxhA bldks bl çdkj le>k;k tk ldrk gS
fd dq.Myh esa çsfjr èkkjk] Å"ek mRiUu djsxhA ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds fl)kUr
ls ;fn ogk¡ m"ek mRiUu gksrh gS rks fuf'pr gh fdlh vU; çdkj esa ÅtkZ ?kVsxhA ;gk¡ ;g xfreku pqEcd
dh xfrt ÅtkZ gSA vr% pqEcd dh xfr /kheh gks tk;sxhA vr% ge fl) dj ldrs gS fd ysUt dk fu;e
ÅtkZ laj{k.k dk fl)kUr gSA
;g ÅtkZ laj{k.k fu;e ij vk/kkfjr gSA
B increasing B decreasing
No Motion in the loop in the loop
S S
v=0 v S
N v N
N
N S
Binduced
Binduced
I=0 S N

(a) (b) (c)

• ;fn fdlh dq.Myh esa èkkjk okekorZ fn'kk esa çokfgr çsf{kr gks rks dq.Myh dk og ry mÙkjh èkqzo dh rjg
O;ogkj djrk gSA

94 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
• ;fn fdlh dq.Myh esa èkkjk nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk esa çokfgr çsf{kr gks rks dq.Myh dk og ry nf{k.kh èkqzo dh rjg
O;ogkj djrk gSA

3.1 fuEukfdr mnkgj.kksa ds /;kuiwoZd v/;;u }kjk ysat ds fu;e ds mi;ksx vkSj vf/kd Li"V gks tk,axs
(1) ,d pkyd ik'k dks le:i pqacdh; {ks= B esa j[kk tkrk gS ftldh fn'kk dkxt ds ry esa vUnj dh vksj gSA
 
pqacdh; {ks= le; ds lkFk&lkFk c<+uk vkjEHk djrk gSA tc pqacdh; {ks= c<+rk gS] ¶yDl ( φ = B ⋅ A ) Hkh
c<+us yxrk gSA bl dkj.k ls] ik'k esa fo|qr/kkjk çokfgr gksrh gSA fo|qr/kkjk c<+rs gq, {ks= ds dkj.k çsfjr gqbZ
gS vr: og {ks= dks ?kVkus dk ç;kl djrh gSA ;g rHkh gks ldrk gS tc çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk] ik'k esa cfgeqZ[kh
¼ckgj dh vksj fudyrk gqvk½ {kS= mRiUu djsA bl dkj.k ls] ik'k esa okekorZ ¼?kM+h dh fn'kk ds foijhr½
fo|qr/kkjk çdV gksrh gSA
× × × × × × × ×B(c<+rk gqvk)
× × × × × × × ×
(izsfjr /kkjk)
× × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × ×
pkyd ywi
× × × × × × × ×
(2) n'kkZ, vuqlkj x-y ry esa ,d vleku pqacdh; {ks= B = B0x ¼vUnj dh vksj½ fo|eku gSA gekjs }kjk +x–fn'kk
ds vuqfn'k vkxs c<+us ij {ks= c<+rk gSA x-y ry esa ,d pkyd ik'k dks j[kk tkrk gSA ik'k dks +x v{k dh
vksj f[kldk;k tk jgk gSA tc ik'k +Û&v{k dh vksj xfr djrk gS] rks lEC) ¶yDl c<+rk gS D;ksfd pqacdh;
{ks= c<+rk gSA çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk {ks= dks ?kVkus dk ç;kl djsxhA og ,slk ik'k esa pqacdh; {ks= dks ?kVkdj dj
ldrh gSA bl dkj.k ls ik'k esa okekorZ ¼?kM+h dh fn'kk ds foijhr½ fo|qr/kkjk çdV gksrh gSA
y xfr
× × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × ×
pkyd ywi
× × × × × × × ×
(izsfjr /kkjk)
× × × × × × × × x

Example 3:
,d dq.Myh dks ,d fu;r pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kk x;k gSA pqEcdh; {ks= fp= eas n'kkZ,uqlkj dq.Myh ds ry ds
lekUrj gSA dq.Myh esa çsfjr fo-ok-cy Kkr dhft,A
B

Solution:
φ = 0 (lnSo) pqafd {ks=Qy pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor gSA
çsfjr fo-ok-cy = 0
Sarvam Career Institute 95
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Example 4:
fp= esa ,d yEck èkkjkokgh rkj rFkk v osx ls xfreku nks vk;rkdkj ywi n'kkZ;s x;s gSA çR;sd ywi esa èkkjk dh
fn'kk Kkr dhft,A
v

constant i (i)
v
(ii)
Solution:
ywi (i) esa dksbZ fo-ok-cy çsfjr ugh gksxk] D;ksafd ¶yDl esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugh gksrkA
ywi (ii) esa fo-ok-cy çsfjr gksxk D;ksafd dq.Myh ?kVrs gq, pqEcdh; {ks= (vUnj dh vksj) esa xfreku gSA vr% vUnj
dh fn'kk esa ¶yDl ds ?kVus dk fojksèk djus ds fy, èkkjk çsfjr djuh gksxh rkfd bldk pqEcdh; {ks= vUnj dh
vksj gksA èkkjk dh ;g fn'kk nf{k.kkorhZ gksuh pkfg,A

Example 5:
,d NM+ pqEcd ,d {kSfrt ,Y;qfefu;e oy; ls oy; dh v{k ds vuqfn'k fxjk;h tkrh s Observer
N
gSA n'kkZ, x;s çs{kd ds fy, ywi esa çsfjr èkkjk dh fn'kk D;k gksxh\ NM+ pqEcd }kjk
vuqHko fd;s x;s pqEcdh; cy dh fn'kk D;k gksxh\
Solution:
ysUt ds fu;ekuqlkj ywi eas çsfjr èkkjk bl çdkj gksxh fd ;g ¶yDl esa ifjorZu ds dkj.k dk fojksèk djas ¼vFkkZr~
NM+ pqEcd dh oy; dh vksj xfr dk½ bl çdkj ywi esa èkkjk çokfgr gksrh gSA rkfd ;g NM+ pqEcd ds cjkcj gks
tcfd bldk mŸkj okyk fgLlk pqEcd ds mŸkjh èkqzo ds ikl vk jgk gS] ftlls ;g çfrdf’kZr gksA vr% çs{kd ds
fy, èkkjk okekorZ gksxhA
S
oy; }kjk NM+ pqEcd S izs{kd N
ij pqEcdh; cy N izfrd"kZ.k
cy N
S

vr% NM+ pqEcd dk Roj.k a < g gksxkA

Example 6:
fp= esa 10 T/s dh nj ls ?kV jgs ,d pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kh gqbZ ,d dq.Myh dks n'kkZ;k 30 V
x;k gSA dq.Myh eas 30 V fo- ok- cy dk ,d L=kSr Hkh gSA dq.Myh esa èkkjk dh fn'kk 2
B A=2m
rFkk ifjek.k Kkr dhft,A R=5Ω
Solution:
AdB
e=– = 2 × 10 =
+20
dt
30 V
izsfjr fo|qr okgd cy = 20 V
rqY; fo|qr okgd cy = 10 V, R = 5 Ω 5Ω
20 V
10
/kkjk = = 2A ; i = 2 A nf{k.kkorhZ
5

96 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Example 7:
èkkjk I = 1.5 A , 3.2 cm O;kl rFkk 220 ?ksjs çfr lseh okyh ,d yEch ifjukfydk esa çokfgr gks jgh gS blds dsUnz
ij 2.1 cm O;kl dh 130 ?ksjsa okyh dlh gqbZ dq.Myh bl çdkj j[kh tkrh gS fd dq.Myh yEch ifjukfydk ds
lek{kh; jgsA ifjukfydk esa èkkjk 25 ms esa fu;r nj ls ?kVdj 'kwU; gks tkrh gSA dq.Myh esa çsfjr fo|qr okgd
cy dk ifjek.k D;k gksxkA tc ifjukfydk esa èkkjk ifjofrZr gks jgh gks\
Solution:
çkjEHk esa dq.Myh ¼,d ?ksjsa dh½ ls ikfjr pqEcdh; ¶yDl
  πd2 –7 –4 –5
φ1 = B ⋅ A =
BA cos0o =µ0nI × = 4π × 10 × 1.5 × 22000 × 3.464 × 10 = 1.44 × 10 wb
4
vUrr% ¶yDl 'kwU; gks tkrk gS D;ksafd èkkjk ?kVdj 'kwU; gks tkrh gS
∆φ 1.44 × 10−5
vr%=e = =−3
5.76 × 10−4 V
∆t 25 × 10
dqy fo-ok-cy = N × e = 130 × 5.76 × 10–4 = 75 mV

Exercise 1.2

1. nh x;h fLFkfr;ksa esa izsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk Kkr djksasA

(tgk¡ w.r.t. = le; ds lkis{k, ob = observer =
izs{kd =) (b)

I e+ iq¡t (eafnr)
(i)

If I ↑ w.r.t. (c)

v v = Constant
α-iq¡t (,d leku xfr)
(ii) I

⊗B

B↑
A (iv) (a)
(iii) B
la/kkfj= dh IysVksa ij vkos'k If w.r.t. B↑
dh izd`fr Kkr djksA
⊗B
(b)
(a)
If w.r.t. B↑

e– iq¡t (Rofjr)

Sarvam Career Institute 97

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
⊗B (iii) dq.Myh esa la;ksftr la/kkfj= dh IysVksa ij
vkos'k dh izd`fr Kkr djksA
v

(c) A
N S
B
If w.r.t. B↑

⊗B
3. Vslyk fdldh bdkbZ gksrh gS&
(d) (1) pqEcdh; ¶yDl
la;kstd rkj (2) pqEcdh; ¶yDl ?kuRo
(3) fo|qr ¶yDl
If w.r.t. B↑ (4) Lo&izsjdRo
⊙B le:i
(v) vpkud 4. pqEcdh; ¶yDl ?kuRo dk ek=d gksrk gS&
fo:i.k (1) oscj@ehVj (2) oscj
nh/kZo`r (3) oscj@eh
2
(4) ,fEi;j@ehVj
o`Ùkh; ywi

5. tc nks v{kh; dq.Mfy;ksa dks ftuesa /kkjk dh ek=k

2. nh x;h fLFkfr;ksa esa izsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk Kkr djksAa leku gS] ,d nwljs ds ikl yk;k tkrk gS] rc
v nksuksa dq.Mfy;ksa esa /kkjk:
I (1) c<+rh gS
(2) ?kVrh gS
(i) (a)
(3) igys c<+rh gS fQj ?kVrh gS
(4) vifjofrZr jgrh gS
(L=ksr)

I↑ w.r.t 6. pqEcdh; {ks= mRiUu fd;k tk ldrk gS:

(1) xfreku vkos'k ls
(b)
(2) ifjorhZ fo|qr {ks= ls
(3) fLFkj vkos'k ls
(fojke) (L=ksr) (4) (1) o (2) nksuksa ls

(ii) ifjukfydk esa la;ksftr izfrjks/k 'R' esa izsfjr /kkjk

7. ysUt dk fu;e nsrk gS :
dh fn'kk Kkr djksA (1) izsfjr fo|qr okgd cy dk ifjek.k
v (2) izsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk
S N (3) izsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk rFkk ifjek.k nksuksa
Magnet
(4) izsfjr /kkjk dk ifjek.k

R 8. ysat dk fu;e fdlds lja{k.k ij vk/kkfjr gS&

L N (1) vkos'k (2) laosx
(3) nzO;eku (4) ÅtkZ

98 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
9. ,d pqEcd dks {ksfrt ry esa j[kh ,d /kkrq ls cuh 12. n'kkZ, x, fp= esa] A ls B esa /kkjk ¼ifjek.k esa½ c<+
oy; ls gksdj ÅèokZ/kj uhps dh vksj fxjk;k tkrk jgh gSA ywi esa izsfjr /kkjk %
gS rks&
(1) bldk Roj.k g ds rqY; gksxk
A B
(2) bldk Roj.k g ls vf/kd gksxk (1) nf{k.kkorZ gksxh
(3) bldk Roj.k g ls de gksxk (2) okekorZ gksxh
(3) 'kwU; gksxh
(4) blds Roj.k dk eku oy; dh f=T;k ij fuHkZj
(4) nf{k.kkorZ o okekorZ ds chp nksyu djsxh
gksxk
13. fdlh pqEcd ds mÙkjh /kqzo dks fp=kuqlkj ,d /kkrq
dh oy; ds lehi yk;k tkrk gS] oy; easa izsfjr
10. ,d bysDVªkWu fp=kuqlkj oy; ds ikl tk jgk gS
/kkjk dh fn'kk gksxh&
rks oy; esa izsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk D;k gksxh\
S

N
e
(1) nf{k.kkorZ
(2) okekorZ
(1) pqEcd dh rjQ ls] okekorZ
(3) (1) o (2) nksuksa (2) pqEcd dh rjQ ls] nf{k.kkorZ
(4) dksbZ /kkjk ugha (3) pqEcd dh rjQ ls] igys okekorZ rFkk fQj
nf{k.kkorZ
(4) pqEcd dh rjQ ls] igys nf{k.kkorZ rFkk fQj
11. ,d pqEcd dks ,d dq.Myh dh vksj (a) rsth ls okekorZ
rFkk (b) èkhjs&èkhjs ys tk;k tkrk gS rks izsfjr fo|qr
14. ,d can ifjiFk esa fLFkr dq.Myh dh vksj ,d
okgd cy gksxk&
pqEcd ¼ftldk mÙkjh /kzqo dq.Myh dh rjQ gS½
(1) (a) esa vf/kd iz{ksfir fd;k tkrk gS] dq.Myh dk lehi okyk
(2) (a) esa de Qyd&
(1) nf{k.kh /kqzork iznf'kZr djrk gSA
(3) (a) o (b) esa leku
(2) mÙkjh /kqzork iznf'kZr djrk gSA
(4) vf/kd ;k de f=T;k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA (3) dksbZ /kqzork iznf'kZr ugha djrk gSA
(4) dHkh mÙkjh ,oa dHkh nf{k.kh /kqzork iznf'kZr
djrk gSA

4. pqacdh; ¶yDl dks ifjofrZr djus dh fof/k;k¡

;gk¡ dqN lkekU; fof/k;k¡ crkbZ xbZ gSa ftuds }kjk ge fdlh dqaMyh ls gksdj xqtjus okys pqEcdh; ¶yDl dks
ifjofrZr dj ldrs gSa:
(i) dqaMyh ds vUnj pqacdh; {ks= ds ifjek.k B dks ifjofrZr djds
(ii) dqaMyh ds ;k rks dqy {ks=Qy dks ifjofrZr djds vFkok {ks=Qy ds ml va'k dks ifjofrZr djds tks pqacdh;
{ks= esa fLFkr gks ¼tSls fd] dqaMyh dks izlkj nsdj vFkok mls {ks= esa vUnj dh vksj vFkok mlls nqj f[kldk
dj½A

(iii) pqacdh; {ks= B dh fn'kk vkSj dqaMyh ds ry ds e/; dk dks.k cnydj ¼tSls fd] dqaMyh dks ?kqekuk rkfd {ks=

B igys rks dqaMyh ds ry ds yEcor gks vkSj fQj og ml ry ds vuqfn'k gks tk,½A

Sarvam Career Institute 99

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
uksV :
(i) fdlh ik'k esa pqacdh; {ks= dks ifjofrZr djus ij foHkokUrj ¼oksYVrk½ çsfjr gksrh gSA ;fn ik'k lao`Ùk ¼can½
ifjiFk cukus okyk dksbZ fo|qr pkyd gks rks fo|qr/kkjk çsfjr gks tkrh gSA
e(t) 1 d N( φ − φ )
çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk: i ( t ) = =− ⋅ φ(t) = 2 1
R R dt R. ∆t
1 dφ 1
(ii) çsfjr vkos'k: ∆q= ∫ dq= ∫ i(t)dt= ∫ Rdt
dt=
R∫
|dφ |

1 N ( φ2 − φ1 )
vr: ∆=
q | ∆φ=|
R R
∆q ml le;kUrjky ij fuHkZj ugha djrh ftlds nkSjku ¶yDl ifjofrZr gks jgk gSA ∆q ∝ t 0
(iii) çsfjr fo|qr {ks=:
ifjofrZr pqacdh; {ks=] fo|qr {ks= mRiUu djrk gSA
  −dφ
∮ E ⋅ dl = B
dt

Example 8:
,d dq.Myh ({ks=Qy A, çfrjksèk R rFkk ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k N) tks B rhozrk ds ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ fLFkr
gS] ij fopkj djsaA dq.Myh dks vc ∆t le; esa 180° ls ?kqek fn;k tkrk gS rks
(i) vkSlr çsfjr fo-ok-cy D;k gksxkA
(ii) vkSlr çsfjr èkkjk D;k gksxhA
(iii) dq.Myh ds fn;s x;s vuqçLFk dkV esa ls çokfgr dqy vkos'k D;k gSA
Solution:
tc dq.Myh dk ry pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ gS] rks
θ = 0° rFkk bls 180° ls ?kqekus ds i'pkr~ θ = 180°
⇒ çkjfEHkd ¶yDl = NBA cos 0° = NBA
rFkk vfUre ¶yDl = NBA cos 180° = –NBA
⇒ ¶yDl esa ifjorZu = |∆φ| = NBA – (–NBA) = 2NBA
| ∆φ | 2NBA
(i) ε = vkSlr çsfjr fo-ok-cy = =
∆t ∆t
ε 2NBA
(ii) vkSlr iszfjr èkkjk = =
R R∆t
2NBA
(iii) vkSlr vkos'k = ∆Q = I.∆t =
R

Example 9:
rkj dh 25 ?ksjksa sa dh ,d o`Ÿkkdkj dq.Myh dk O;kl 1 m gSA bls 40 G ds i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk ds vuqfn'k
mldh v{k ds lkFk j[kk tkrk gS rFkk 0.2 s esa ;g 180° ls ?kqe tkrh gSA ml dq.Myh esa fdl ifjek.k dk vkSlr
fo-ok-cy mRiUu gksxk\
Solution:
BA cos θ2 − BA cos θ1  cos θ1 − cos θ2 
e = −N = NBπr 2  
∆t  ∆t 
–4 2 cos0o − cos180o
or = 25 × 40 × 10 × π × (0.5) × = 0.785 V
0.2

100 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Example 10:
,d pkyd ywi ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= (B) ds fdlh {ks= esa ck;sa ls nk;sa xfreku gSA bldh pkj fLFkfr;ksa fp=
esa n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA lHkh pkj fLFkfr;kas eas çsfjr èkkjk dh fn'kk n'kkZb;sA
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x
1 x x x x x x x x
4
x x x x x x3x x
2x x x x x x x x
B (vUnj dh vksj)
Solution:
fLFkfr 1 rFkk 3 esa ¶yDl fu;r gS rFkk le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr ugh gksrk gS vr% dksbZ Hkh èkkjk çsfjr ugh gksxhA
fLFkfr 2 esa ywi èkhjs&èkhjs pqEcdh; {ks= esa vkrk gS ftlls vfrO;kfir {ks=Qy c<rk gSA vr% ¶yDl c<rk gS rFkk
çsfjr èkkjk dh ;g çd`fr gksrh gS fd foijhr fn'kk vFkkZr~ ckgj dh fn'kk esa {ks= B mRiUu gSA
vr% fLFkfr 2 esa ywi esa okekorhZ èkkjk çsfjr gksxhA fLFkfr 4 esa ywi èkhjs&èkhjs {ks= ls ckgj vkrk gS rks ¶yDl ?kVrk
gSA vr% çsfjr èkkjk {ks= B dh fn'kk esa gksrh gSA çsfjr èkkjk nf{k.kkorhZ gksxhA

Example 11:

fdlh {ks= esa ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= B = B0 tkˆ fo|eku gSA r f=T;k rFkk R çfrjksèk dk ,d o`Ÿkkdkj pkyd ywi
bl çdkj j[kk gS fd mldk ry] x-y ry esa gksA ywi ls çokfgr èkkjk dk eku rFkk fn'kk Kkr djsaA
Solution:
ywi ls lEc) ¶yDl gS]
 
=
φ B.A
= (B0 t ) ( πr 2 ) cos0° ; φ = B0πr2t
�⃗=B0 tk�
B
dφ
= B0 πr 2 y
dt O
−dφ | ε | B πr 2
x
ε= = −B0 πr 2 ⇒=i = 0
dt R R
ysUt ds fu;e ds }kjk i nf{k.kkorhZ ¼z-v{k ij [kM+s ,d çs{kd }kjk ns[ks tkus
ij½ gksuh pkfg;s rkfd ;g pqEcdh; {ks= esa o`f) dk fojksèk dj ldsA

Example 12:
,d le:i ijUrq le; ds lkFk c<rk gqvk pqEcdh; {ks= B(t), a f=T;k ds ,d o`Ÿkkdkj {ks= ×x
× P× × ×
esa fo|eku gS rFkk bldh fn'kk dkxt ds ry es vUnj dh vksj gSA n'kkZ;s x;s fcUnq P rFkk Q Q × × × ×
O
ij çsfjr fo|qr {ks= (Ei) dk ifjek.k Kkr djsaA ×× × ×
× ×
Solution:
ifjorhZ pqEcdh; {ks= ds dkj.k çsfjr fo|qr {ks= dh ladsUnzh; o`Ÿkkdkj {ks= js[kk,¡ csyukdkj {ks= ds pkjksa rjQ
ckgj rFkk Hkhrj O;ofLFkr gksrh gSA fp=kuqlkj r (<a) nwjh ij ,d fcUnq P ij fopkj djsaA fcUnq P ij çsfjr
fo|qr {ks= fuEu çdkj çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS&
  dφ dB
∫ i .dl
E = = A
dt dt
×P××
× × × ××
Q × O
2 dB r dB × × × ×
E(2 π r) = πr (leferh ds dkj.k) or E = × ××
dt 2 dt

Sarvam Career Institute 101

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
vFkkZr csyukdkj {ks= ds Hkhrj Ei ∝ r
r (> a)nwjh ij fdlh fcUnq Q ds fy,
  dφ dB
∫ E .dl
i == A
dt dt
2 dB �⃗
E
E(2 π r) = πa (leferh ds dkj.k)
dt
a2 dB
or =
E ×
2r dt
1 r
vFkkZr csyukdkj {ks= ds ckgj, Ei ∝ a
r

Exercise 1.3

1. fuEu dq.Mfy;ksa ls lEcaf/kr pqEcdh; ¶yDl le; 4. fdlh dq.Myh ls lEcaf/kr pqEcdh; ¶yDl le;
ds lkFk ifjofrZr gksrk gS, rks fdl dq.Myh esa fo. ds lkFk fuEu vkjs[k ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk gS,
Ok. cy izsfjr gksxk :- rks dq.Myh esa izsfjr fo. Okk. cy o le; ds e/;
xzkQ gksxk :-
(1) rkez dq.Myh esa
φ
(2) ydM+h dh dq.Myh esa
(3) yksg dq.Myh esa
(4) lHkh esa
t
e e
2. ,d dq.Myh o pqEcd ,d nwljs dh vksj Øe'k:
(1) O t (2) O t
5 eh./ls. o 3 eh/ls. dh fu;r pky ls xfreku gS,
rks dq.Myh esa izsfjr fo. Okk. cy 16 mV gSA ;fn
nksuksa leku fn'kk esa xfreku gks rks dq.Myh esa izsfjr e e
fo. Okk. cy gksxkA (3) O t (4) O t
(1) 15 mV
(2) 4 mV
(3) 64 mV 5. 50 ?ksjksa o 2 lseh. f=T;k dh o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh
(4) 'kwU; pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ j[kh gq;h gSA ;fn pqEcdh;
{ks= 3.14 lsd.M esa 2 Vslyk ls 4 Vslyk gks tk;s
rks dq.Myh esa izsfjr fo. Okk. cy gksxk :-
3. ,d can ifjiFk ls laEcf/kr pqEcdh; ¶yDl φ (oscj (1) 0.4V (2) 0.04V
esa) le; t (lsd.M es)a ds LkkFk φ = 5t2 – 4t + 1 ds (3) 4 mV (4) 0.12 V
vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk gS rks ifjiFk esa 0.2 lsd.M
ij ifjiFk esa izsfjr fo. Okk. cy gksxk :- 6. ,d 4 lseh. Hkqtk dh oxkZdkj dq.Myh pqEcdh; {ks=
ds yEcor~ O;ofLFkr gSA ;fn pqEcdh; {ks=
(1) 0.4 V
0.4 Vslyk/lsd.M dh nj ls ifjofrZr gks rks
(2) – 0.4 V dq.Myh esa izsfjr /kkjk dk eku gksxk, tcfd dq.Myh
(3) – 2.0 V dk izfrjks/k 2 × 10–3 vkse gS :-
(4) 2.0 V (1) 0.16 A (2) 0.32 A
(3) 3.2 A (4) 1.6 A
102 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
7. ,d NksVh NM+ pqEcd {ksfrt /kkfRod oy; dh v{k 12. ,d dq.Myh ls fdlh {k.k t ij lEc) pqEcdh;
ij fojke ls fxjuk izkjEHk djrh gS rks pqEcd }kjk ¶yDl φ = 5t3 – 100t + 300 }kjk iznf'kZr gksrk gSA
1 lsd.M esa r; nwjh yxHkx gksxh :- t = 2 lsd.M ij dq.Myh esa izsfjr fo-ok-cy gksxk
(1) 4.0 m (2) 5.0 m (1) –40V (2) 40V
(3) 6.0 m (4) 7.0 m (3) 140 V (4) 300V

8. ,d dq.Myh dh izfrjks/k 2Ω gSA bldk ¶yDl 13. 50 ?ksjsaksa okyh ,d dq.Myh ls ikfjr pqEcdh; ¶yDl
0.2 lsd.M esa 2 oscj ls 10 oscj gks tkrk gS, rks dk eku gS φ = 0.02 cos 100πt oscj@?ksjsa gks rks
bl le; ds nkSjku dq.Myh esa izsfjr vkos'k dk dq.Myh esa izsfjr vf/kdre fo- ok- cy gksxk &
eku gksxk :- (1) 314 volt (2) 100 volt
(1) 5.0 C (2) 4.0 C (3) 31.4 volt (4) 6.28 volt
(3) 1.0 C (4) 0.8 C
14. dq.Myh ls lEc) pqEcdh; ¶yDl lEcU/k
9. 2 cm f=T;k dk o`Ùkkdkj ywi, le; ds lkFk ifjorhZ 2
φ = 3t + 4t + 9 ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk gSA
pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kk x;k gSA pqEcdh; {ks= esa t = 2 second ij izsfjr fo- ok- cy dk ifjek.k
ifjorZu dh nj 2T/s gS, rc ywi esa izsfjr fo/kqr {ks= gksxk&
gksxk : - (1) 4 V (2) 3 V
(1) 0 (2) 0.02 V/m (3) 16 V (4) 9 V
(3) 0.01 V/m (4) 2 V/m

15.  Hkqtk vkSj R çfrjks/k okyk ,d pkyd ywi blds

10. fdlh dq.Myh ls gksdj xqtjus okys pqEcdh;
¶yDl esa ifjorZu dh nj ds dkj.k mRiUu izsfjr ry ds vuqfn'k ,d leku osx v ls bldh ,d
fo- ok- cy dk lw= gksxk& Hkqtk ds yEcor~ xfr'khy gSA ywi ds ry ds yEcor~
→ fp= esa n'kkZ;s vuqlkj ,d le:i pqEcdh; {ks= B
d →→ dB fo|eku gSA ywi esa çsfjr /kkjk gSA
(1) e = − (B.A) (2) e =
dt dt
 dB
→
→
 →dA
→

(3) e = − A.   (4) e = − B.
 dt  dt v
 

11. fn;s x;s la;kstu ¼{ksfrt ry½ esa izsfjr fo|qr /kkjk (1) Bv/R nf{k.kkorZ (2) Bv/R okekorZ
dh fn'kk okekorZ (ACW) nh xbZ gSA pqEcdh; {ks=
(3) 2Bv/R okekorZ (4) 'kwU;
dh lEHkkfor fn'kk gksxh :

16. ,d dq.Myh dk izfrjks/k 5 ohm gS blesa ifjorhZ

I V pqEcdh; {ks= ds dkj.k 0.2 A dh /kkjk izsfjr gksrh
gSA blesa pqEcdh; ¶yDl esa ifjorZu dh nj gksxh&
(1) 0.5 Wb/s
(1) nka;h vksj (2) cka;h vksj (2) 0.05 Wb/s
(3) 1 Wb/s
(3) Åij dh vksj (4) uhps dh vksj
(4) 20 Wb/s

Sarvam Career Institute 103

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
17.
2
100 ?ksjsaksa rFkk 100 cm ds vkSlr {ks=Qy okyh 20. ,d yEck pkyd AB, R f=T;k ds o`Ùkkdkj ywi dh
dq.Myh dks 50 xkml ds ,d le:i {ks= esa j[kk v{k ds vuqfn'k j[kk gSA ;fn pkyd AB esa /kkjk Ι
x;k gSA {ks= dh fn'kk dq.Myh ds ry ds yEcor~ ,sfEi;[email protected] dh nj ls cnyrh gS rks ywi esa
gSA ;fn {ks= dks 0.01 sec esas gVk fy;k tk;s] rks
çsfjr fo-ck-cy gSA
dq.Myh esa mRiUu vkSlr fo|qr okgd cy gksxk&
(1) 0.5 V (2) 10 V
(3) 20 V (4) 50 V A B
R
18. 0.02 T rhozrk ds vuqizLFk pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d
dq.Myh j[kh gqbZ gSA dq.Myh 1 feeh-@ls- dh nj
ls fldqM+uk izkjEHk djrh gS] tc bldh f=T;k 4 µ 0 ΙR
(1)
lseh gksrh gS rks izsfjr fo-ok-c- dk eku gksxk& 2
(1) 2 µV (2) 2.5 µV µ ΙR
(3) 5 µV (4) 8 µV (2) 0
4
19. R f=T;k dk ,d pkyd ywi oy; dh ry ds µ πΙR
(3) 0
yEcor~ ,d ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= B esa fLFkr gSA 2
;fn f=T;k R le; t ds Qyu ds :Ik esa R = R0+ (4) 'kwU;
t ds vuqlkj ifjorfrZr gksrh gSA ywi esa izsfjr fo-
ok-cy % 21. ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa ,d dqUMyh dks bl
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x izdkj j[kk x;k gS fd bldk ry pqEcdh; {ks= ds
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x lekukUrj gSA ∆t le; vUrjky esa bldk ry
x x B x x R x x pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcor~ gks tkrk gSA rks izsfjr
x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x vkos'k q le; ∆t ij fuEu izdkj fuHkZj gksxk&
x x x x x x x x
(1) q ∝ ∆t
(1) 2π(R0 + t)B nf{k.kkorZ 1
(2) π(R0 + t)B nf{k.kkorZ (2) q ∝
∆t
(3) 2π(R0+t)B okekorZ 0
(3) q ∝ (∆t)
(4) 'kwU; 2
(4) q ∝ (∆t)

5. xfrd fo|qr okgd cy

ekuk fdlh le; vkfJr ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa xfr dj jgs lh/ks pkyd ij fopkj djrs gSaA
× × × × × × × ×
S P M
× × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × v
× × × × × × × ×
R Q
× × × × × × × × N
x
bl pqacdh; ¶yDl ds ifjofrZr gksus dh nj] fo|qr okgd cy çsfjr dj nsxh ftls vxzkafdr O;atd ls Kkr fd;k
d d dx ( t )
tkrk gS e =− φB =− ( −Bx ( t ) ) =B ⋅ =Bv
dt dt dt
  
(
lfn'k :i esa e = v × B ⋅  )
;g fo|qr okgd cy tks fd pqacdh; {ks= ds ifjofrZr gksus dh ctk; pkyd dh xfr ls çkIr gqvk gS] xfrdh
fo|qr okgd cy dgykrk gSA
104 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
uksV: (1) xfrd fo|qr okgd cy ds O;atd dh O;k[;k yksjsat cy dh enn ls nh tk ldrh gSA pkyd PQ dh xfr
  
( )
ds dkj.k mlesa mifLFkr vkos'k q ij yxus okyk cy F = q v × B = qvBsin90 = qvB gksxk] bldh fn'kk] Q
ls P dh vksj gksxhA vkos'k dks Q ls P rd xfr djkus esa fd;k x;k dk;Z W = qvB gksxk vr% çsfjr fo|qr
W
okgd cy = Bv
q
(2) fp= dk lerqY; ifjiFk pkyd QP ds LFkku ,d ,sls fo|qr lSy dks j[k dj çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftldk
fo|qrokgd cy e = Bv gks] mldk vkarfjd çfrjks/k] pkyd dh QP Hkqtk ds çfrjks/k ds cjkcj r gks] ,oa ckR;
Bv
çfrjks/k R gksA çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk i =
r +R
i
S P

e=Bv
R
r

R Q

5.1 xfrd fo-ok-c- ds dqN mnkgj.k

vsinθ v
v

A(+) θ B(–)
B(–) ε=Bvsinθ
A(+) O R
ε=Bv(2R) (b)
(a)

A(+)
ω B B(–)
A l
(+) (–) r
1 2 1
ε= Bl ω ε= Br2 ω
2 2
NM+ pdrh
(c) (d)

5.2 dqN cUn ywiksa esa xfrd fo-ok-c-

�⃗�
�B
A D A
R v v
l v R l
O
B C B
(a) (b) (c)
A i=0 D i=0 i
Bvl
Bvl 2BvR R Bvl
2BvR i
B C

Sarvam Career Institute 105

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Example 13:
fuEu fLFkfr;ksa esa NM+ es çsfjr fo- ok- cy Kkr djsA
V
B
V
V
(a) (b) ⊗B (c)
B

Solution:
   
(a) ;gka v ||B vr% v × B =0
  
emf =  ⋅ (v × B) =0
 
(b) ;gka v || 
  
vr% emf =  ⋅ (v × B) =0
 
(c) ;gka B || 
  
vr% emf =  ⋅ (v × B) =0

Example 14:
fp= esa ,d vk;rkdkj ywi MNOP n'kkZ;k x;k gS ftl ij ,d cká cy F yxkdj ,d leku osx v ls pqEcdh;
{ks= ls ckgj [khapk tkrk gSA yEckbZ MN,  ds cjkcj gS rFkk ywi dk dqy çfrjksèk R gS] Kkr fdft,A
(a) ywi esa èkkjk B
(b) ywi ij pqEcdh; cy X X X X
N O
X X X X v
(c) osx dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, vko';d cká cy F F
X X X X
(d) cká cy }kjk nh xbZ 'kfDr
X X X X P
(e) ywi }kjk mRiUu Å’eh; 'kfDr M
X X X X
Solution:
(a) rkj MN dh xfr ds dkj.k ywi esa fo- ok- cy çsfjr gksrk gSA fo- ok- cy e = vB èkukRed fljs N ij rFkk
_.kkRed fljs M dks n'kkZrk gSA
e vB
=i=
R R
(b) rkj MN ij pqEcdh; cy gS&
B2  2 v
F=
m i=B
R
rkj NO rFkk PM ij pqEcdh; cy cjkcj rFkk foifjr gksrs gS rFkk ;s fujLr gks tkrs gSA
(c) fu;r osx ls ywi dks xfr djkus ij bl ij ifj.kkeh cy 'kwU; gksrk gSA vr% cká cy ifjek.k es pqEcdh;
{ks= ds cjkcj rFkk fn'kk es foifjr gksrk gSA
B2  2 v
F=
R
(d) cká cy }kjk çnku dh xbZ 'kfDr gS&
B2  2 v 2
= Fv
P =
R
(e) mRiUu Å"eh; 'kfDr gS&
B2  2 v 2
=P i2=R
R
vr% cká cy }kjk çnku dh xbZ 'kfDr ywi esa mRiUu Å"eh; 'kfDr ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
106 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Example 15:
fp= es ,d {kSfrt pqEcdh; {ks= 2 T n'kkZ;k x;k gS tks fd fcUnqor~ js[kk ds Åij ,dleku X X X X
X X X X X
:i ls gS rFkk mlds uhps 'kwU; gSA ,d yEck vk;rkdkj pkydh; ywi ftldh pkSM+kbZ 1 X X X X X X X X X
m nzO;eku 5 kg rFkk çfrjksèk 2 Ω gS] fp=kuqlkj j[kk gSA bls fdl osx ls uhps dh vksj X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X
xfr djuh pkfg, rkfd ;g fcuk fdlh Roj.k ds fxjuk tkjh j[ks rFkk ;g ywi vf/kd X X X X X X X X X
le; rd vakf'kd :i ls pqEcdh; {ks= esa jgsA
1m
Solution:
ekuk dh osx v gSA ftlls ywi fcuk fdlh Roj.k ds uhps fxjrs gq, xfr djrk gSA ywi dh xfr ds dkj.k ywi dh
Åijh Hkqtk esa ,d çsfjr fo- ok- cy mRiUu gksrk gS rFkk ywi es èkkjk cgrh gSA bl èkkjk ds dkj.k ywi Åij dh
fn'kk esa ,d pqEcdh; cy vuqHko djrk gSA 'kwU; Roj.k ls fxjus ds fy, ;g pqEcdh; cy ywi ds Hkkj ls larqfyr
gks tkrk gSA
Fm = mg IB = mg

e Bv B2  2 v
Since Ι= = , hence = mg
R R R
mgR 5 × 10 × 2
=
or v = = 25 m / s
B2  2 22 × 12

Example 16:
fp= esa v osx ls xfreku ;kn`PN vkdkj ds rkj AB dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA rkj esa çsfjr fo-ok-cy Kkr djksA
V
A
θ

⊗B
B

Solution:
A rFkk B ds chp lhèks tqM+s dkYifud rkj esa Hkh leku fo-ok-cy çsfjr gksxk]tks fd Bv sin θ gSA
V
A A
θ V
 ⊗B 
⊗B B B


e = [vcosθ ĵ + vsinθ (– î ) × B( −k̂ )]·  = vBsinθ

Example 17:
R f=T;k dh ,d o`Rrkdkj dq.Myh] pqEcdh; {ks= B esa osx v ls fp=kuqlkj xfreku gSA O;klr%
v ⊗B
foijhr fcUnq A rFkk B ds chp fo-ok-cy Kkr djksA
A B
Solution:
emf = Bveffective = 2 R v B

Sarvam Career Institute 107

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
6. ÅtkZ –f"V : ,d ifjek.kkRed v/;;u
,d ckj fQj ls pkyd QP dh yEcor o le:i pqacdh; {ks= Y ×S × × ×
esa xfr ij fopkj djsaA pkyd QP ds fljksa ij xfrd fo|qr M
× × × P ×
okgd cy gksxk e = B.v. × × �B⃗ × v×
ik'k PSRQP esa çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk × × × ×
Q
=I =
e Bv
…(i) X ×R × × ×N
R+r R+r x
Hkqtk ij pqacdh; cy
   2 2
ˆ = B  v( −ˆi)
Fm = I[  × B] = I[ˆj × B( −k)] …(ii)
R+r
/;ku nsa fd ;g cy] ¼fo|qr/kkjk ds fy, mÙkjnk;h½ vkos'k ds viokg osx ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrk gSA
eku ysa fd pkyd dk osx fu;r gSA
   B2  2
rc Fext =−Fm ⇒ Fext = v( +ˆi) ...(iii)
R+r
ik'k dks [khapus esa cká dkjd }kjk vkiwrZ ;kfU=d 'kfä]
  B2  2 2
P = Fext ⋅ V = v ...(iv)
R+r
çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk ds dkj.k ik'k esa çfr lSfd.M O;f;r ¼{kf;r½ Å"ek
dH 2 B2  2 v 2
= I × (R + r) =
dt R+r
ik'k dks [khapus esa dkjd }kjk nh xbZ ;kfU=d ÅtkZ] fo|qr ÅtkZ esa cny fn;k tkrk gS

Exercise 1.4

1. tc pkyd NM+ ckgkz pqEcdh; {ks= esa xfr djrh Source

P Q
gS rks fuEu jkf'k;ksa dk eku Kkr djsa ? L
L �B⃗  v
(iv)
⃗ �⃗
v N
(i) HP
L=ksr rkj PQ esa /kkjk
N dh fn'kk = ?
HP fljk = ? L
N S
(ii) (HP) ⃗ 
L N (v)
v
v⊥out N
ckgkz B dh fn'kk = ?
LP fljk = ?
(HP)
L L
X Y
v (vi) NM+ pqEcd
(iii) R 
v⊥out N
(HP)
N pqEcd dh /kzqork = ?
ckgkz B dh fn'kk = ?
108 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
(HP) 4. 10 lseh Hkqtk okyk ,d oxkZdkj /kkrq dk ywi,
L ftldk izfrjks/k 1 vkse gS, ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks=
v⊥in 2
B = 2 oscj/eh esa fu;r osx v0 ls pyk;k tkrk gSA

pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk ywi ds ry ds yEcor~
N (dkxt esa uhps dh fn"V) gSA ywi dks izfrjks/kksa ds
(vii) X Y
,d tky ls tksM+k x;k gSA ftlesa izR;sd izfrjks/k
NM++ 3 vkse gSA la;kstd-rkjksa OS rFkk PQ ds izfrjks/k
pqEcd dh /kzqork = ? ux.; gSA ywi dh pky D;k gksuh pkfg, fd ywi
esa 1 mA dh fu;r /kkjk izokfgr gks? ywi esa /kkjk
dh fn'kk Hkh crkb;sA
2. fp=kuqlkj ,d /kkrq dh NM+ ifjiFk iw.kZ djrh gSA Q
× × × × v0
ifjiFk, pqEcdh; {ks= B = 0.15 Vslyk ds LkkFk P
3Ω 3Ω
× × × × 3Ω
yEcor gSA ;fn izfrjks/k dk eku 3 Ω gS, rks NM+ dks × × × × O 3Ω 3Ω
2 eh./ls. vpjosx ls xfr esa ykus ds fy;s vko';d × × × ×
S
cy gksxk– –2
(1) 2 × 10 m/s okekorZ fn'kk esa
× × × × × × –2
(2) 4 × 10 m/s okekorZ fn'kk esa
× × × × × × –2
× × × × × × (3) 2 × 10 m/s nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk es
× × ×50 cm
× × × V=2m/s –2
(4) 4 × 10 m/s nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk es
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × × × × × 5. 5 lseh Hkqtk okys oxkZdkj ywi dks 1 cm/sec ds
B = 0.15 T (into Page) fu;r osx ls fp=kuqlkj nk¡;h vkSj xfr djkrs gSA
× × × × × ×
;g t = 0 ij 20 cm pkSM+s pqEcdh; {ks= esa Bhd
-3
(1) 3.75 x 10 U;wVu izos'k djrk gSA ywi esa t = 2 s rFkk t = 10 s ij
(2) 3.75 x 10 U;wVu
-2 izsfjr fo. ok. cy dk eku gksxk :-
2 × × × × × ×
(3) 3.75 x 10 U;wVu v B = 0.6 T
× × × × × ×
(4) 3.75 x 10 U;wVu
-4
5 cm × × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
5 cm × × × × × ×
3. 10 cm o 3 cm Hkqtk dk ,d vk;rkdkj ywi 0.5 T × × × × × ×
20 cm
ds pqEcdh; {kS= esa fp=kuqlkj 1 cm/sec ds osx ls –2 –2 –4
(1) 3 × 10 , zero (2) 3 × 10 , 3 × 10
xfr djkus ds fy, vko';d ;kaf=d cy gksxk (ywi –4 –4 –4
(3) 3 × 10 , 3 × 10 (4) 3 × 10 , 'kwU;
dk izfrjks/k 1 mΩ) :-
× × × 6. fp= esa pkyd NM+ dks le:i vuqizLFk pqEcdh;
× × × {ks= esa fu;r osx ls xfr djkus ds fy;s ckgkz L=ksr
×3 cm × × u=1 cm/sec }kjk pkyd NM+ ij vkjksfir cy o blds osx ds
× × × e/; rFkk ckgkz L=ksr }kjk nh x;h ;kaf=d 'kfDr o
× × 10 cm
× × × blds osx ds e/; xzkQ dk :i gksxk :-
–3 HP
(1) 2.25 × 10 N
⊗B
–3
(2) 4.5 × 10 N
R ℓ v
–3
(3) 9 × 10 N
–3
(4) 1.25 × 10 N
(1) ljy js[kk, ijoy; (2) ijoy;, ljy js[kk
(3) ljy js[kk, ljy js[kk (4) ijoy;, ijoy;
Sarvam Career Institute 109
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
7. izR;sd fp= esa fljksa ds e/; izsfjr EMF dk eku 9. ,d NksVk o`Ùkkdkj pkyd ywi] ,d yEch /kkjkokgh
Kkr djsaA ifjukfydk esa j[kk gqvk gSA ywi ds ry esa
L ifjukfydk dh v{k fLFkr gSA ;fn ifjukfydk esa
⊗B /kkjk ifjofrZr dh tk;s rks ywi esa çsfjr /kkjk gksxh&

X (1) nf{k.kkorhZ
 (2) okekorhZ
L θ v
⊗B O θ (3) 'kwU;
(i) S (ii)  (4) nf{k.korhZ gksxh ;k okekorhZ gksxh ;g bl ij
O v Y
R fuHkZj djsxk fd çfrjks/k c<+k;k tkrk gS ;k de

fd;k tkrk gSA
N N
⊗B 10. ,d 2 m yEck rkj 0.5 Wb/m2 ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds
 θθ  v
yEcor~ 1 m/s ds osx ls xfreku gSA mlesa izsfjr
(iii) (a)   
L N fo|qr okgd cy dk eku gksxk % (  ⊥ v ⊥ B)
(1) 0.5 V (2) 0.1 V
⊗B
 θθ  v (3) 2 V (4) 1 V
(b)  
L N 11. ,d ok;q;ku {kSfrt voLFkk esa 720 km/hour ds
osx ls mM+ jgk gS] blds ia[kksa ds vfUre fljksa ds
⊗B
v e/; nwjh 50 eh gS ,oa i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= dk
(c) R m/okZ/kj ?kVd 2 × 10–4 Wb/m2 gks rks izsfjr fo- ok-
L N
cy dk eku gksxk%
L (1) 2 mV (2) 2 V
⊗B
 (3) 200 V (4) 0.2 mV
P  Q
X  v 2
12. 0.4 m yEckbZ dk lh/kk pkyd 0.9 oScj/m ds
(iv)  Y
pqEcdh; {ks= esa 7 m/s ds osx ls xfr'khy gSA
R  S
 pkyd esa vf/kdre izsfjr fo- ok- cy gksxk&
N (1) 2.52 V (2) 25 V
(3) 2.8 V (4) 63 V
⊗B
 v ⊗B
(v) (a) (b) R O v 13. ,d f[kykMh 3 m yEch yksgs dh NM+ dks ysdj
 30 km/hr dh pky ls iwoZ dh vksj nkSM+rk gSA i`Foh
ds pqEcdh; {ks= dk {ksfrt ?kVd dk eku
–5 2
4 × 10 oscj@eh- gSA ;fn og NM+ dks Øe'k%
8. vle:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa /kkfRod ywi dh xfr ds
(i) {ksfrt vkSj (ii) ÅèokZèkj ysdj nkSM+ jgk gks rks
dkj.k ywi esa izsfjr EMF dk eku Kkr djsAa nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa NM+ ds fljksa ij mRiUu foHkokUrj
⊗B Non uniform dk eku gksxk (i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds {kSfrt
P Q
?kVd dh fn'kk = + ĵ )
(1) Å/okZ/kj fLFkfr esa 'kwU;] {ksfrt fLFkfr esa
I a v = constant –3
1 × 10 oksYV
–3
R S (2) Å/okZ/kj fLFkfr esa 1 × 10 oksYV] {ksfrt fLFkfr
x a
esa 'kwU;
(3) nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa 'kwU;
–3
(4) nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa 1 × 10 oksYV
110 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
14. fp=kuqlkj ,d NM+ AB le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa 16. ,d ok;q;ku ftlds ia[kksa dh dqy yEckbZ 35 ehVj
fu;r osx v ls xfr dj jgh gS & gS] mÙkj dh vksj 90 ehVj@ls dh pky ls mM+ jgk
gSA ia[kksa dh uksdksa (tips) ds chp foHkokUrj gksxk
A
¼fn;k gS B = 4 × 10–5 Vslyk½ :
v
(1) 0.013 V
B (2) 1.26 V
(3) 12.6 V
(1) NM+ fo|qr :i ls vkosf'kr gks tk;sxhA
(4) 0.126 V
(2) NM+ dk A fljk /kuvkosf'kr gks tk;sxkA
(3) NM+ dk B fljk /kuvkosf'kr gks tk;sxkA
17. 4 ehVj yEckbZ dk ,d lh/kk pkyd 10 eh@ls dh
(4) twy çHkko ds dkj.k NM+ xeZ gks tk,xhA
pky ls xfreku gS] ;fn pkyd 0.1 oscj@eh2 ds
pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk esa 30° dk dks.k cukrk gS
15. ,d ok;q;ku ds ia[kksa ds fljksa ds e/; nwjh 5 ehVj
rks izsfjr fo- ok- cy gksxk :
gSA ok;q;ku 200 [email protected] ds osx ls pqEcdh;
(1) 8 V
{ks= esa xfreku gSA ok;q;ku ds ia[kksa ds fljksa ds
(2) 4 V
e/; mRiUu izsfjr fo|qr okgd cy gksxk
(3) 1 V
(B = 10 Vslyk½
7 (4) 2 V
(1) 10 oksYV (2) 10 oksYV
6
(3) 10 oksYV (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

7. ?kw.kZu ds dkj.k çsfjr fo-ok- cy

7.1 NM+ ds ?kw.kZu
 yEckbZ dh pkyd NM+ ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= esa ?kw.kZu dj jgh gSA

ω �⃗
⊗B
r
dr  ⇒ Bωl
2

r 2

NM+ ds vYi Hkkx dr esa çsfjr fo-ok- cy = v B dr = rω B dr

∴ NM+ esa çsfjr fo-ok- cy
 1
= ωB ∫ rdr =ωB 2
0 2

7.2 oy; dk ?kw.kZu

ekuk ,d oy; tks dks.kh; osx ω ls blds dsUnz ls ikfjr ,oa ry ds yEcor~ v{k ds ifjr% ?kwe V
jgh gSA v{k ds lekUrj ,d leku pqEcdh; {ks= B mifLFkr esa gSA
ω
oy; ls ikfjr ¶yDl φ = BA ;gka fu;r gS] vr% dq.Myh esa çsfjr fo-ok- cy 'kwU; gSA leferrk B⊗
ls oy; ij fLFkr çR;sd fcUnq leku foHko ij gSA

Sarvam Career Institute 111

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
7.3 pdrh ds ?kw.kZu
pqEcdh; {ks= B esa f=T;k r dh ?kwerh gqbZ pdrh dks ysaA dsUnz ls x nwjh ij vYi Hkkx dx ysaA ;g vYika'k pky
v = ωx ls xfreku gSA
⊗B
∴ dx ds ifjr% çsfjr fo-ok- cy = B(dx) v = Bdxωx = Bωxdx
∴ pdrh ds fljs ,oa dsUnz ds chp fo-ok- cy
r
B ωr 2 x
= ∫ Bωxdx = ω
0
2 dx

Example 18:
 yEckbZ dh ,d NM+ PQ, ,d ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= B esa] tks fd NM+ ds ?kw.kZu
⊗B = uniform
ds ry ds yEcor~ gS] ,d fljs P ds ifjr% ?kqek;h tkrh gSA fcUnq M NM+ dk eè; ⊗P M
Q

fcUnq gSA M rFkk Q ds eè; çsfjr fo- ok- cy Kkr dhft, ;fn P rFkk Q ds eè; 
100 V gSA
Solution:
Bω2
EMQ + EPM = EPQ ; EPQ → = 100
2
2

Bω  
 2  = Bω
2
hence, EMQ +
2 2
3 2 3
⇒ EMQ = Bω = × 100 V = 75 V
8 4

Exercise 1.5

1. ,d L yEckbZ dk pkyd ,d le:i pqEcdh; {ks= 3. A fljs ij dhyfdr L yEckbZ dh ,d rkez NM+ AB,
B esa pqEcdh; cy js[kkvksa ds yEcor ω dks.kh; osx B izsj.k ds ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= ls ledks.k ij
ls ,d fljs ls ikfjr v{k ds lkis{k ?kqek;k tkrk fu;r dks.kh; osx ls ?kw.kZu djrh gSA NM+ ds e/;
gS] blds fljksa ds chp mRiUu izsfjr foHkokUrj gksxk: fcUnq C o fljs B ds chp mRiUu fo-ok-cy gS %
2 xx
(1) ωBL x x xx
x x xL x
ωBL2 x xA xx x
(2) x x xx x
2 xx x
2
(3) 2ωBL
BωL2
(4) ωBL (1)
4
BωL2
2. ,d /kkrq dh NM+] yEckbZ L dh pqEcdh; {ks= ds (2)
2
yEcor~ j[kh tkrh gS vkSj o`Ùkkdkj iFk esa ,d fljs
3BωL2
ls ikfjr v{k ls f vko`fÙk ls ?kqekbZ tkrh gSA blds (3)
4
fljksa ij foHkokUrj gksxk :
2 3BωL2
(1) πL Bf (2) BL/f (4)
2
8
(3) πL B/f (4) fBL

112 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
4. ,d 1 eh- yEckbZ dk /kkrq pkyd vius ,d fljs 5. ,d vk;rkdkj dq.Myh esa 60 ?ksjsa gS rFkk mldh
ij ÅèokZ/kj 5 jsfM;[email protected] dh dks.kh; pky ls yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ Øe'k% 20 lseh vkSj 10 lseh
?kqek;k tkrk gSA ;fn i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds gSA ;g dq.Myh 0.5 Vslyk ds ,d leku pqEcdh;
{ksfrt ?kVd dk eku 0.2 × 10–4 Vslyk gS rks pkyd {ks= esa 1800 pDdj@feuV dh pky ls ?kw.kZu dj
ds nksuksa fljksa ds chp mRiUu fo|qr okgd cy jgh gS] izsfjr fo- ok- cy dk vf/kdre eku gksxk&
gksxk& (i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds {kSfrt ?kVd dh (1) 98 V
fn'kk = + ĵ ) (2) 110 V
–4 (3) 113 V
(1) 5 mV (2) 5 × 10 V
(4) 118 V
(3) 50 mV (4) 50 µ V

8. Hkaoj èkkjk,s
• tc fdlh /kkfRod pkyd dks ifjorZu'khy pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kk tkrk gS rks mles çsfjr fo- ok- cy mRiUu
gksrk gS rFkk blds dkj.k /kkfRod pkyd esa LFkkuh; èkkjk,sa mRiUu gksrh gSA bu LFkkuh; èkkjkvksa dks Hkoaj èkkjk,sa
dgrs gSA
• ;fn fdlh inkFkZ dks pqEcdh; {ks= esa xfr djk;k tk;s rks Hkh x x x x x x x x
Hkoaj èkkjk,sa mRiUu gksrh gSA �B⃗ /kkfRod ifêdk
x x x x x x x x
• Hkoaj èkkjk,sa cUn ifjiFk esa çokfgr gksrh gSA
x x x x x x x x
• Hkaoj èkkjkvksa ds dkj.k ÅtkZ dk âkl gksrk gS rFkk ÅtkZ Å"ek
x x x x x x x x [khapuk
ds :i esa fudyrh gSA
x x x x x x
• Hkoaj èkkjkvksa ds dkj.k Å"ek ds :i esa ÅtkZ dh gkfu dks de
x x x x x x x x
djus ds fy;s Mk;ueks] eksVj ;k VªkUlQkeZj esa ØksM+ dks uje Hkoj /kkjk
yksgs ds ,d vdsys VqdM+s ds :i esa ugh ysrs gS cfYd uje yksgs x x x x x x x x
dh iryh okfuZ'k ;qDr ifÙk;k¡ ysdj cukrs gSA blls Hkoaj èkkjkvksa x x x x x x x x
ds fy;s çfrjksèk c<+ tkrk gS] ftlls mudk eku de gks tkrk gS rFkk ÅtkZ gkfu de gksrh gSA
• Hkaoj èkkjkvksa ds mi;ksx :
(a) py dq.Myh èkkjkekih esa (b) çsj.k HkV~Vh esa
(c) MsM chV xSYosuksehVj (d) LihMksehVj esa
(e) fo|qr czsd esa

9. Lo&çsjdRo
fdlh dqaMyh ¼?ksjksa sa dh la[;k N½ ls lEc) ¶yDl] dqaMyh ls çokfgr fo|qr/kkjk ds vuqØekuqikrh gksrk gSA vr%
NφB ∝ I ⇒ NφB =LI
tgk¡ L ,d vuqØekuqikfrd fu;rkad ¼vFkok lekuqikfrd fLFkjkad½ gksrk gS ftls Lo&çsjdRo vFkok Lo&çsj.k xq.kkad
dgk tkrk gSA ;fn dqaMyh ls çokfgr fo|qr/kkjk ifjorhZ gks rks dqaMyh ds fljksa ij çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy
d dI
e=− (NφB ) =−L
dt dt
Lo&çsjdRo dh bdkbZ gsujh gSA Lo&çsjdRo dh foek ML2 T −2 A −2 

Sarvam Career Institute 113

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
9.1 ifjukfydk dk Lo&çsjdRo
,d yEch ifjukfydk ij fopkj djsa ftldh çfr bdkbZ yEckbZ esa ?ksjsaks dh la[;k n gSA bl ifjukfydk ds  yEckbZ
okys ,d [k.M ij fopkj djsaA gesa bl [k.M dk Lo&çsdRo Kkr djuk gSA fopkjk/khu dqaMyh ls çokfgr lEc)
pqacdh; ¶yDl gksxk]
 
( 0nI ) (An) =µ0n2 A × I
φB =B ⋅ A =µ
φB
L= = µ0n2 .A ×  = µ0n2 V (V = vk;ru = A ) 
I
uksV : ;fn ifjukfydk ds vUnj ds LFkku esa vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk μr okyk inkFkZ Hkjk gks rks]
L =µ0µrn2 A × 

9.2 LoçsjdRo dq.Myh esa laxzfgr ÅtkZ

di
tc pkyd esa /kkjk i çokfgr gS] rc /kkjk dks cuk, j[kjus ds fy, vko';d dk;Z dw = L (idt)
dt
Li2
W=
∫ 0i Lidi =] ;g çsjd esa laxzfgr ÅtkZ gSA
2
1 B2
ÅtkZ ?kuRo =
2 µ0
;fn çsjd esa /kkjk i1 ls i2 rd ifjofrZr gksrh gS] rc ÅtkZ esa ifjorZu
1 2 2
=U L ( i2 − i1 )
2

dU B2 B2
uksV % ;g ÅtkZ pqEcdh; {ks= ds :i esa laxzghr gksrh gSA ftldk ÅtkZ ?kuRo U=
B = = gksrk gSA
dV 2µ 2µ0µr
B2
vkSj dqy ÅtkZ U = ∫ 2µ0µr dV

Example 19:
(a) 300 ?ksjsa dh ,d ok;q dksj ifjukfydk dk çsjdRo Kkr dhft, ;fn ifjukfydk dh yEckbZ 25.0 cm rFkk
bldk vuqçLFk dkV {ks=Qy 4.00 cm2 gSA
(b) ifjukfydk esa Lo çsfjr fo- ok- cy Kkr dhft, ;fn blls çokfgr èkkjk 50.0 A/s dh nj ls ?kV jgh gSA
Solution:
(a) ifjukfydk dk çsjdRo fn;k tkrk gS

L=
( 4π× 10 ) ( 300 ) ( 4.00 × 10 ) H = 1.81 × 10–4 H
−7 2 −4

( 25.0 × 10 ) −2

di
(b) e = − L
dt
di
;gk¡ = −50.0 A / s
dt
–4
∴ e = –(1.81 × 10 ) (–50.0) = 9.05 mV
114 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Example 20:
0.20 V dk ,d vkSlr çsfjr fo- ok- cy ,d dq.Myh esa mRiUu gksrk gS tc bles èkkjk 0.20 s esa ,d fn'kk esa
5.0 A ls foifjr fn'kk eas 5.0 A gks tkrh gSA dq.Myh dk Lo çsjdRo Kkr djksA
Solution:
di ( −5.0A) − (5.0A)
vkSlr = = –50 A/s
dt 0.20s
di
e = −L
dt
0.2V
0.2 V = L(50 A/s) ;k L = = 4.0 mH
50 A/s

Example 21:
,d ifjukfydk ds çsjdRo dk D;k gksxk&
(a) tc ?ksjksa s dh la[;k rFkk yEckbZ mlds vuqçLFkdkV {ks=Qy dks fu;r j[krs gq, nksxquh dj nh tk;sA
(b) tc ifjukfydk ds vUnj ok;q ds LFkku ij vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk µr dk yksgk j[k fn;k tk;sA
Solution:
(a) ifjukfydk dh fLFkfr esa
2
B = µ0nI, φ = B(nA) = µ0n AI

φ N2  N
vr% L =
I
=
µ0n2 A =
µ0 A
  pwafd n =  

blfy, (a) tc N rFkk  nksxqus dj fn;s tk, rks

(2N)2 N2
L’ = µ0 A=
2µ0 A =
2L
2 
vFkkZr~ ifjukfydk dk çsjdRo nksxquk gks tk;sxkA
(b) tc ok;q dks yksgs }kjk çfrLFkkfir dj fn;k tkrk gS rks µ0 ifjofrZr gksdj µ gks tkrk gS rkfd
2
L’ = µn A
L' µ
= = µr , i.e., L’ = µrL
L µ0

9.3 çsjd esa çsfjr fo- ok- c- dh fn'kk

(a) tc /kkjk c<+rh gqbZ gks (b) tc /kkjk ?kVrh gqbZ gks
ε=Ldi/dt ε=Ldi/dt
i i

(c) tc /kkjk c<+rh gqbZ gks (d) tc /kkjk ?kVrh gqbZ gks
ε=Ldi/dt ε=Ldi/dt
i i

Sarvam Career Institute 115

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Exercise 1.6

1. ,d dq.Myh dk LoizsjdRo 5 H gS ;fn blesa /kkjk 5. ,d ifjufydk dk LoizsjdRo 2 H gSA ;fn ?ksjk
5 lsd.M esa 1 A ls 2 A gks tk;s rks izsfjr fo. Okk. /kuRo vkSj {ks=Qy dks fu;r j[krs gq;s ifjufydk
cy dk eku gksxk :- dh yEckbZ dks nqxquk dj fn;k tk;s rks uohu
(1) 10 V (2) 0.1 V LoizsjdRo gks tk;sxk :-
(3) 1.0 V (4) 100 V (1) 4 H (2) 1 H
(3) 8 H (4) 0.5 H
2. ,d 2 H LoizsjdRo dh dq.Myh esa 2 A /kkjk izokfgr
gS ;fn 1 lsd.M esa /kkjk dk fn'kk dks O;qRØe dj 6. ,d ifjufydk dks vk;rkdkj vuqizLFk dkV okys
fn;k tkos rks blesa izsfjr fo. Okk. cy gksxk :– Ýse ij yisVk tkrk gSA ;fn lHkh js[kh; foekvksa
(1) – 8 V (2) 8 V dks 3 xq.kk ls c<+k fn;k tk;s rFkk ,dkad yEckbZ
(3) –4 V (4) 'kwU; esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k fu;r jgs rks LoizsjdRo fdrus
xqus ls c<+ tk;sxk :-
3. ,d dq.Myh ds fy;s L = 2mH gSA blesa izokfgr
(1) 3 (2) 9
/kkjk I = t2e–t ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrh gSA rks (3) 27 (4) 63
fdlh {k.k ij blesa izsfjr fo. Okk. cy 'kwU; gksxk:-
(1) 2 sec (2) 1 sec
7. ,d dq.Myh esa /kkjk 5.8 ,sfEi;j gS rFkk mldk
(3) 4 sec (4) 3 sec
izsjdRo 2 gsujh gS rks dq.Myh ls lac) ¶yDl
gksxk:-
4. dq.Myh esa izokfgr /kkjk le; ds lkFk fuEu xzkQ
(1) 0.29 (2) 2.9
ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrh gS, rks dq.Myh esa izsfjr
(3) 3.12 (4) 11.6
fo. Okk. cy o le; ds e/; xzkQ gksxk :-
I 8. ;fn fdlh dq.Myh esa ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k nqxquh dj nsa
t rFkk yEckbZ vkSj {ks=Qy ogh j[kas rks dq.Myh dk
LoizsjdRo gks tk;sxk &
(1) vk/kk (2) pkj xquk
e
(3) nqxquk (4) ,d pkSFkkbZ
(1) O t
9. LoizsjdRo xq.kkad L dh foek gksrh gS&
–2 –2 –2 –2 –2
e (1) MLT A (2) ML T A
2 –2 –2 2 –2 –2
(3) ML T A (4) M LT A
(2) O t

10. fdlh ifjukfydk ds LoizsjdRo dk eku fuHkZj djrk

e gS&
(3) t (1) dq.Myh ds ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k N ij
(2) dq.Myh ds vuqizLFk dkV A rFkk yECkkbZ  ij

e (3) dq.Myh ds ØksM ds ek/;e dh ikjxE;rk ij

(4) mijksDr lHkh ij
(4) t

116 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
11. Loizsj.k dh rqY; bdkbZ gS& 17. pksd dq.Myh esa ÅtkZ lafpr gksrh gS&
okYsV × ,fEi;j okYsV × lsd.M (1) rki ds :i esa
(1) (2)
lsd.M ,fEi;j (2) fo|qr ÅtkZ ds :i esa
,fEi;j ,fEi;j × lsd.M (3) pqEcdh; ÅtkZ ds :i esa
(3) (4)
okYsV × ld
s .M okYsV (4) fo|qr&pqEcdh; ÅtkZ ds :i esa

12. ,d dq.Myh esa 1 feyh lsd.M esa /kkjk 3 A ls 2 A 18. izsjd dq.Myh (L = 0.04 H) esa 5 A dh /kkjk izokfgr
rd ifjofrZr gksrh gS rks izsfjr fo- ok- cy 5 volt djus dss fy, L=ksr }kjk fd;k x;k dk;Z gksxk&
gSA dq.Myh dk LoizsjdRo gksxk& (1) 0.5 J
(1) 'kwU; (2) 5 kH (2) 1.00 J
(3) 5 H (4) 5 mH (3) 100 J
(4) 20 J
13. lekukUrj Øe esa tksM+s tkus ij nks izsjdRoksa dk
rqY; izsjdRo 2.4 gsujh gksrk gS vkSj Js.khØe esa 19. tc fdlh 'kq) izsjdRo esa i /kkjk izokfgr dh tkrh
tksM+s tkus ij 10 gsujh gSA nksuksa izsjdRoksa esa vUrj gS rks laxzfgr vkSlr ÅtkZ gksxh&
gS& (1) Li²
(1) 2 gsujh (2) 3 gsujh (2) 2Li²
(3) 4 gsujh (4) 5 gsujh Li2
(3)
4
14. ,d dq.Myh dk LoizsjdRo 5 gsujh gS] blesa izokfgr 1 2
(4) Li
/kkjk 5 lsd.M esa 1 ,Eih;j ls 2 ,Eih;j gks tkrh 2
gS] dq.Myh esa izsfjr fo|qr okgd cy dk eku
gksxk& 20. ;fn ,d dq.Myh easa 1.5 ,fEi;j izfr lsd.M dh
(1) 10 oksYV (2) 0.10 oksYV nj ls /kkjk ifjorZu djus ij mlesa 45 volt fo- ok-
(3) 1.0 oksYV (4) 100 oksYV cy izsfjr gks rks dq.Myh ds Lo&izsjdRo dk eku
gksxk&
15. L yECkkbZ dh ifjukfydk ds vuqizLFk dkV dk (1) 30 H
{ks=Qy A vkSj ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k N gS rks LoizsjdRo (2) 67.5 H
dk eku gksxk& (3) 60 H
µµN 2
A µ0NA (4) 33.3 H
(1) 0
(2)
L L
(3) µ0N²LA (4) µ0NAL 21. tc /kkjk 0.05 s esa +2 A ls –2 A rd ifjofrZr
gksrh gS rc dq.Myh esa 8 oksYV dk fo|qr okgd
16. ,d yEch ifjukfydk esa ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k cy izsfjr gksrk gSA dq.Myh dk Loizsj.k xq.kkad gSA
200 ?ksjsa@lseh gS vkSj blesa 2.5 ,Eih;j dh /kkjk (1) 0.2 H (2) 0.4 H
izokfgr gks jgh gS rks blds dsUnz ij pqEcdh; {ks= (3) 0.8 H (4) 0.1 H
dk eku gksxk& [µ0 = 4π × 10–7 oscj/eh-2]
–2 2 22. fuEu esa ls dkSu pqEcdh; {ks= B esa ÅtkZ ?kuRo ds
(1) 3.14 × 10 oscj/eh
–2 2 lekuqikrh gksrk gS :
(2) 6.28 × 10 oscj/eh 2
–2 2 (1) 1 / B (2) 1/B
(3) 9.42 × 10 oscj/eh 2
–2 2 (3) B (4) B
(4) 12.56 × 10 oscj/eh
Sarvam Career Institute 117
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
10. vU;ksU; çsjdRo
fp= ij fopkj djsa tks fd nks yEch lek{kh ifjukfydk,a n'kkZ jgk
gSA nksuksa dh yEckbZ  gSA ge vkUrfjd ifjukfydk S1 dh f=T;k r2

dks r1 ls ,oa bldh çfr bdkbZ yEckbZ ?ksjsaksa dh la[;k dks n1 ls

fu:fir djsaxsA ckgjh ifjukfydk ds fy, ;s gh laxr jkf'k;k¡
Øe'k: S2, r2, vkSj n2 gSaA eku ysrs gSa fd dqaMfy;ksa S1 vkSj S2 ds
?ksjksa sa dh dqy la[;k Øe'k: N1 vkSj N2 gSA
r1 s1
tc S2 ls fo|qr/kkjk I2 dks çokfgr fd;k tkrk gS rks ;g S1 esa N1 ?ksjs
pqacdh; ¶yDl çokfgr dj nsrh gSA vc bls φ1 }kjk fu:fir N2 ?ksjs
djrs gSaA ifjukfydk S1 ds lkFk lEc) laxr ¶yDl gksxk fp= : leku yEckbZ l dh
N1 φ1 =M12 I2 …(i) nks yEch lek{kh;
M12 dks ifjukfydk S2 ds lkis{k] ifjukfydk S1 dk vU;ksU; ifjukfydk,sa
çsjdRo dgk tkrk gSA bls vU;ksU; çsj.k xq.kkad Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
bu lek{kh ifjukfydkvksa ds fy,] M12 dh x.kuk djuk lEHko gSA
M12 =
µ0n1n2 πr12  …(ii)
vc ge bldh foijhr fLFkfr ij fopkj djsaxsA ifjukfydk S1 ls fo|qr/kkjk I1 çokfgr dh tkrh gS vkSj dqaMyh
S2 ds lkFk lEc) ¶yDl gksxk]
N2 φ2 =M21 I1 …(iii)
M21 dks S1 ds lkis{k S2 ifjukfydk dk vU;ksU; çsjdRo dgk tkrk gSA
M21 =
µ0n1n2 πr12  …(iv)
lehdj.k (ii) vkSj (iii) dk mi;ksx djus ij gesa feyrk gS
M=12 M=
21 M ¼ekuk½
bldh ctk; ;fn vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk μr okyk dksbZ vU; ek/;e mifLFkr gksrk rks vU;ksU; çsjdRo
M =µr µ0n1n2 πr12 
;g tkuuk Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS fd dqaMfy;ks]a ifjukfydkvksa vkfn ds ;qXe dk vU;ksU; çsjdRo muds chp dh nwjh ,oa
lkFk gh muds vkisf{kd vfHkfoU;kl ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
• M dk ek=d : S.I. i)fr esa vU;ksU; çsj.k dk ek=d gsujh gksrk gSA
EB φ
M= = B
−(dIA / dt) IA
1 volt 1 weber (joule / coulomb)s 2
∴ 1 henry = = = = J/A
1 ampere / s ampere ampere
• M dh foek
J joule newton × metre kg × metre × sec −2 × metre 2 –2 –2
=
M= 2 = 2 2
= 2
= ML T A
A ampere ampere ampere
• dq.Mfy;ksa ds chp vU;ksU; çsj.k dq.Mfy;ksa esa ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k] {ks=Qy rFkk pqEcdh; cy js[kkvksa ds iFk esa
fLFkr ekè;e dh ikjxE;rk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA vU;ksU; çsj.k dk eku vfèkd gksus ij f}rh;d dq.Myh esa fo-
ok- cy vfèkd çsfjr gksrk gSA
• pqEcdh; :i ls ;qfXer nks dq.Mfy;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks çkFkfed o nwljh dks f}rh;d ekuk tk ldrk gS]
bl çdkj vU;ksU; çsj.k
MAB = MBA = M
118 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
10.1 dqN la;kstuks dk vU;ksU; çsjdRo
(i) nks ifjukfydkvksa dk vU;ksU; çsjdRo
µ0N1N2 A
M=

N1 = ,d dq.Myh esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k
N2 = vU; dq.Myh esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k
A = vuqçLFk dkV {ks=Qy 
 = NksVh dq.Myh dh yEckbZ

(ii) nks ladsUæh; rFkk leryh; ywi

(a) nks ladsUæh; o`Ùkh; ywi (r < < R)
µ0 πr 2 R r
M=
2R
(b) ,d NksVk o`Ùkh; ywi rFkk vk;rkdkj ywi (r < < a, b)
µ 0 8 a 2 + b2 2
=M πr b
4π ab
a
10.2 çsjdksa dk la;kstu
(a) Js.kh esa la;ksftr nks dq.Mfy;ksa dk LoçsjdRo xq.kkad
L1 L2

ε = ε1 + ε 2 ,
di di di
;k] −L = −L1 − L2
dt dt dt
;k] L= L1 + L2
uksV : ;fn M nks dq.Mfy;ksa ds e/; vU;ksU; çsj.k xq.kkad gS] tc buesa ¶yDl fjlko leku fn'kk esa gksrk gS] rc L = L1
+ L2 + 2M ysfdu foijhr fn'kk esa ¶yDl fjlko ds fy, L = L1 + L2 – 2M

(b) lekUrj esa la;ksftr nks dq.Mfy;ksa dk LoçsjdRo xq.kkad

L1

L2

ekuk ,d nwljs ls lekUrj esa la;ksftr L1 rFkk L2 LoçsjdRo dh nks dq.Mfy;ksa ij fopkj djrs gSaA nksuksa
dq.Mfy;ksa ds fljksa esa fo-ok-c- ε gS rFkk buesa /kkjk,sa Øe'k: i1 rFkk i2 gSaA blfy,]
di di1 di2
=i i1 + i2 , ;k] = + ,
dt dt dt
ε ε ε 1 1 1
;k] − =− − ;k] = +
L L1 L 2 L L1 L 2
L1L2
;k] L =
L1 + L 2

Sarvam Career Institute 119

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
10.3 ;qXeu xq.kkad
eku ysa fd nks dqaMfy;k¡] ftuesa fo|qr/kkjk,a i1 vkSj i2 çokfgr gks jgh gSa] ,d&nwljs ds lehi j[kh xbZ gSaA ;fn
bu nks dqaMfy;ksa dk Lo&çsjdRo Øe'k% L1 rFkk L2 vkSj mudk vU;ksU; çsjdRo M gks rks]
φ11 =
L1 i1 ¼dqaMyh 1 esa çokfgr fo|qr/kkjk ds dkj.k dqaMyh 1 esa mRiUu ¶yDl½
φ22 =
L2 i2 ¼dqaMyh 2 esa çokfgr fo|qr/kkjk ds dkj.k dqaMyh 2 esa mRiUu ¶yDl½
φ21 =
Mi1 ¼dqaMyh 1 esa çokfgr fo|qr/kkjk ds dkj.k dqaMyh 2 esa mRiUu ¶yDl½
φ12 =
Mi2 ¼dqaMyh 2 esa çokfgr fo|qr/kkjk ds dkj.k dqaMyh 1 esa mRiUu ¶yDl½
;fn dqaMfy;k¡ ,d&nwljs ds vfr fudV j[kh xbZ gksa rks muds e/; dh ¶yDl lEc)rk lokZf/kd gksxh vkSj
Lo&¶yDl ,oa vU;ksU; ¶yDl ds e/; dksbZ vUrj ugha gksxkA
vr:] φ21 =φ22
vkSj φ11 =φ12
vFkkZr] Mi1 = L2i2
vkSj Mi2 = L1i1 K=0 K0 0<K<1
(a) (b) (c)
⇒ L1L2 =
M2
vFkok M = L1L2
;g nksuksa dqaMfy;ksa ds e/; vf/kdre lEHko vU;ksU; çsjdRo gSA
lkekU;r: M ≤ L1L2 D;ksfd Lo&¶yDl dk cgqr NksVk va'k gh nwljh dqaMyh ds lkFk lEc) gksrk gSA
bl va'k dks ¶yDl lEc)rk dk xq.kkad vFkok ;qXeu xq.kkad dgk tkrk gSA
M
k=
L1L2

Example 22:
leku [kks[kys csyu ij nks dqpkyd rkjksa dks yisVdj] leku ok;q dksj okyh nks ifjukfydkvksa dk fuekZ.k djrs
gSA ekukfd dksj dh yEckbZ  rFkk {ks=Qy A gS rFkk igyk rkj dksj ij N1 la[;k esa rFkk nwljk rkj N2 la[;k esa
yisVk x;k gSA fljs çHkko dks ux.; ekurs gq, nksuksa ifjukfydkvksa dk vU;ksU; çsjdRo Kkr djksA
Solution:
µ0N1 I1
;fn çFke rkj esa èkkjk Ι1 cg jgh gks] rks dksj esa ,d leku v{kh; pqEcdh; {ks= B1 = mRiUu gksrk gSA dksj

ds ckgjh {ks= esa pqEcdh; {ks= dk ifjek.k ux.; gSA nwljs rkj ds ,d ?ksjsa ls tqM+k ¶yDl B1A gSA bl çdkj nwljs
rkj ds lHkh ?ksjka sa ls tqM+k ¶yDl gS &
µ0N1N2 AI1
φ2= N2B1 A = = MΙ1

µ0N1N2 A
∴M=

tSlk fd igys crk;k x;k gS fd M ,d T;kferh; jkf'k gS tks fd dksj dh ekiksa ,oa nksuksa rkjksa dks dksj ij yisVus
ds <ax ij fuHkZj djrh gSA rkjksa esa cgus okyh okLrfod èkkjkvksa ij fuHkZj ugha djrhA

120 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Example 23:
a1 rFkk a2 (a1 << a2) f=T;kvksa dh nks ladsUnzh; dq.Mfy;ksa dk vU;ksU; çsjdRo Kkr djks ;fn dq.Mfy;k leku ry
esa gksaA
Solution:
ekuk fd a2 f=T;k dh dq.Myh esa èkkjk i cg jgh gSA
pqafd a1 cgqr NksVh gS] vr% dq.Myh 1 ds vUnj pqEcdh; {ks= ‘B’ gj txg leku ekuk tk ldrk gS
µ0 i 2
vr% çFke dq.Myh ls lEc) pqEcdh; ¶yDl = πa1
2a2
pwafd vU;ksU; çsjdRo
a2
φ
M= a1
i
µ0 i 2 µ0 π a12
Mi = πa1 or M=
2a2 2a2

Example 24:
nks çsjd dq.Mfy;ksa ds Loçsj.k xq.kkad Øe'k% 0.01 H rFkk 0.03 H gSA tc ;s ijLij fojksèk djrs gS rks ifj.kkeh
LoizsjdRo D;k gksxk ;fn M = 0.01 H gksA
(1) 2 H (2) 0.06 H (3) 0.02 H (4) 'kwU;
Solution:
L = L1 + L2 – 2M
= 0.01 + 0.03 – 2 × 0.01 = 0.04 – 0.02
= 0.02 H

Example 25:
di
fp= es çnf'kZr çsjd dk çsjdRo 0.54 H gS rFkk n'kkZ;h x;h fn'kk esa ,d èkkjk cgrh gS tks = −0.03 A / s dh
dt
nj ls ?kV jgh gSA
(a) Loçsfjr fo-ok- cy Kkr dhft;sA I L
b a
(b) çsjd dk dkSulk fljk (a ;k b) mPp foHko ij gksxk\
Solution:
(a) Loçsfjr fo-ok-cy
di
e= −L = ( −0.54 )( −0.03 ) V = 1.62 × 10–2 V
dt
di
(b) Vb – L = Va
dt
di –2
Vb – Va = L = 0.54 × – 0.03 = –1.62 × 10 V
dt
di
Vba = L = −1.62 × 10−2 V
dt
pwafd Vba = (Vb – Va) _.kkRed gSA ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd Va > Vb ;k a mPp foHko ij gSA

Sarvam Career Institute 121

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Example 26:
AB ifjiFk dk Hkkx gSA foHkokUrj VA – VB Kkr djksA ;fn
(i) èkkjk i = 2 A gS rFkk fLFkj gSA
(ii) èkkjk i = 2 A gS rFkk 1 ,fEi;j/lsd.M ls c<+ jgh gSA Ai 1H 5V 2Ω B
(iii) èkkjk i = 2 A gS rFkk 1 ,fEi;j/lsd.M ls ?kV jgh gSA
Solution:
di di
L =1
dt dt
A ls B ds fy, KVL fy[kus ij &
di
VA – 1 – 5 – 2i = VB
dt Ai 1H 5V 2Ω B
+–
di + – + –
(i) i = 2 j[kus ij, =0
dt
VA – 5 – 4 = VB
∴ VA – VB = 9 volt
di
(ii) i = 2 j[kus ij, = 1 ; VA – 1 – 5 – 4 = VB or VA – VB = 10 Volt
dt
(iii) i = 2 j[kus ij, di/dt = – 1 ; VA + 1 – 5 – 2 × 2 =VB or VA – VB = 8 volt

Example 27:
200 A èkkjkokgh ,d dq.Myh es 1.0 kWh dh ÅtkZ lafpr djus ds fy, fdrus iszjdRo dh vko';drk gksxh\
6
(1 kWh = 3.6 × 10 J)
Solution:
Ι = 200 A;
6
U = 1 kWh = 3.6 × 10 J
1 2
U= LI
2
2U 2 ( 3.6 × 10 )
6

∴ L= = = 180 H
i2 ( 200 )2

Exercise 1.7

1. izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d ifjiFkksa ds vU;ksU; izsjdRo 2. nks dq.Myh;ksa A o B esa ?ksjksa sa dh la[;k Øe'k:
dk eku 0.5 H gSA izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d izfrjks/kksa 300 o 600 gS rFkk os ,d nwljs ds fudV j[kh gSaA
ds eku Øe'k: 20 rFkk 5 gSA f}rh;d ifjiFk esa dq.Myh A esa 3.0 ,sEih;j /kkjk izokfgr djus ij A
0.4 ,sEih;j /kkjk izokfgr djus ds fy, vko';d ls layXu ¶yDl 1.2 × 10–4 oscj gS rFkk B ls
gS fd izkFkfed ifjiFk esa fuEu nj ls /kkjk ifjofrZr layXu ¶yDl 9.0 × 10–5 oscj gS, rks budk vU;ksU;
dh tk;s :- izsjdRo gS :-
(1) 4.0 A/s (2) 16.0 A/s –5 –5
(1) 2 × 10 gsujh (2) 3 × 10 gsujh
(3) 1.6 A/s (4) 8.0 A/s –5 –5
(3) 4 × 10 gsujh (4) 6 × 10 gsujh

122 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
3. fdlh izkFkfed ifjiFk esa /kkjk I = Io Sin ωt ;fn 8. fuEu ifjiFkksa esa izkFkfed ifjiFk esa fd;s tkus okys
vU;ksU; izsjdRo dk eku M gks rks f}rh;d ifjiFk fuEu ifjorZuksa ds fy;s f}rh;d ifjiFk esa izsfjr
esa izsfjr izR;korhZ oksYVrk dk eku gksxk : - /kkjk dh fn'kk D;k gksxh–
(1) e = MIoω cos ωt (a) dqath cUn djrs gh
(b) dqath cUn djus ds dqN le; i'pkr~
(2) e = –MI0ω cos ωt
(c) dqath [kksyrs gh
(3) E = [Mω cos ωt]/I0
(4) E = –(Mω cos ωt)/I0
(i) + –

4. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fr 50 Hz ,oa f'k[kj eku

1 A gS, ,d VªkWUlQkeZj dh izkFkfed dq.Myh ls
izokfgr gSA izkFkfed o f}rh;d dq.Myh es e/; (ii)
vU;ksU; izsjdRo 1.5 H gS, rks f}rh;d dq.Myh esa
+– G
izsfjr f'k[kj oksYVrk dk eku gksxk :-
(1) 150 V (2) 150 π V
(3) 300 V (4) 200 V
(iii)
+ – R
5. ,d VªkalQkeZj dh izkFkfed rFkk f}rh; dq.Myh ds L N
?ksjksa sa dh la[;k Øe'k: 5 rFkk 10 gS rFkk VªkalQkeZj
dk vU;ksU; izsjdRo 25 gsujh gSA vc VªkalQkeZj
dh izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d dq.Myh ds ?ksjksa sa dh 9. vU;ksU; izsjdRo dk ek=d gS&
(1) oscj-,fEi;j (2) oscj@,fEi;j
la[;k Øe'k: 10 rFkk 5 dj nh tkrh gSA VªkalQkeZj
(3) oscj-ehVj (4) oscj@ehVj
dk vU;ksU; izsjdRo gksxk –
(1) 6.25 H (2) 12.5 H
(3) 25 H (4) 50 H
10. vU;ksU; izsjdRo dk ek=d gS&
(1) oksYV (2) oscj
(3) Vslyk (4) gsujh
6. ,d ifjufydk esa 2000 ?ksjsa gSa mldh yEckbZ 0.3 eh.
gSA bl ifjufydk dk dkV {ks= 1.2 × 10–3 eh2 gSA
11. nks leku dq.Mfy;ksa dk LoizsjdRo 0.1 H gS] mUgsa
,d ifjufydk ij 300 ?ksjksa sa dh ,d vU; dq.Myh
,d nwljs ds Åij yisVk x;k gSA vU;ksU; izsjdRo
yisVh xbZ gSA ;fn ifjufydk esa 2 ,sEih;j dh /kkjk
dk eku gksxk&
izokfgr gks jgh gS rFkk bl /kkjk dh fn'kk dks
(1) 0.1 H (2) 0.2 H
0.25 ls. esa O;qRØe dj fn;k tk;s, rks dq.Myh esa izsfjr
(3) 0.01 H (4) 0.05 H
fo.ok. cy dk eku gksxk :-
–2 –3
(1) 4.8 × 10 oksYV (2) 4.8 × 10 oksYV
12. R1 vkSj R2 f=T;k ds nks ladsUnzh; o`Ùkkdkj pkyd
–4 –2
(3) 3.2 × 10 oksYV (4) 3.2 × 10 oksYV
ywi ,d gh ry esa fLFkr gSaA ;fn R1 >> R2 rks
muds chp vU;ksU; izsjdRo M vuqØekuqikrh gksxk&
7. R1 vkSj R2 f=T;k ds nks o`Rrh; pkyd ywi leryh;
R1 R2
o ladsUnzh; :i ls O;ofLFkr gSA ;fn R1 > R2 rks (1) (2)
R2 R1
buds e/; vU;ksU; izsjdRo M lekuqikrh gksxk :–
R12 R 22
(1) R1/R2 (2) R2/R1 (3) (4)
R2 R1
2 2 2
(3) R1 /R2 (4) R2 /R1
Sarvam Career Institute 123
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
13. izkFkfed ,oa f}fr;d dq.Myh ds e/; vU;ksU; 17. nks o`Ùkkdkj dq.Mfy;ksa dks fp=kuqlkj rhu fLFkfr;ksa
izsjdRo 0.5 H gSA izkFkfed ,oa f}fr;d dq.Myh esa O;ofLFkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA mudk vU;ksU;
ds izfrjks/k Øe'k: 20 Ω o 5 Ω gSA f}fr;d izsjdRo gksxk
dq.Myh esa 0.4 A dh /kkjk mRiUu ds fy, izkFkfed
dq.Myh esa /kkjk esa ifjorZu dh nj gksuh pkfg,A
(1) 4.0 amp./sec.
(2) 16.0 amp./sec. (1) (2) (3)
(3) 1.6.0 amp./sec. (1) fLFkfr (1) esa vf/kdre
(4) 8.0 amp./sec. (2) fLFkfr (2) esa vf/kdre
(3) fLFkfr (3) esa vf/kdre
14. nks dq.Mfy;ksa dks ,d&nwljs ds fudV j[kk tkrk (4) lHkh fLFkfr;ksa esa leku
gS] rks dq.Mfy;ksa ds ;qXe dk vU;ksU; izsj.k xq.kkad
fuHkZj djrk gS: 18. fp= esa n'kkZ;k x;k ifjiFk fdlh lEiw.kZ ifjiFk dk
(1) nksuksa dq.Mfy;ksa esa /kkjk ifjorZu dh nj ij ,d Hkkx gSA ;fn ,d fuf'pr {k.k ij I /kkjk 5 A
(2) nksuksa dq.Mfy;ksa dh vkisf{kd fLFkfr;ksa ,oa gS rFkk 103 As–1 dh nj ls ?kV jgh gS] rks VB–VA
foU;kl ij
gS %
(3) dq.Mfy;ksa ds rkjksa ds inkFkZ ij
1Ω 5 mH
(4) nksuksa dq.Mfy;ksa esa /kkjk ij A – + B
I 15 V

15. nks dq.Mfy;ksa] A o B ,d nwljs ds ikl&ikl j[kh (1) 20 V

gSA dq.Myh A, esa 3.0 ,Eih;j /kkjk izokfgr djus (2) 15 V

ij A ls lEc) ¶yDl 1.2 × 10–4 oscj gS rFkk B (3) 10 V

(4) 5 V
ls lEc) ¶yDl 9.0 × 10–5 oscj gS] rks bl fudk;
dk vU;ksU; izsjdRo gS&
–5 19. nks çsjdRo L1 o L2 lekUrj Øe esa tqM+s gS rFkk
(1) 2 × 10 gsujh
–5 le; ds lkFk ifjorhZ /kkjk i fp=kuqlkj çokfgr gSA
(2) 3 ×10 gsujh
–5
fdlh le; ij èkkjkvksa i1/i2 dk vuqikr gSA
(3) 4 × 10 gsujh
–5 i1 L1
(4) 6 × 10 gsujh

i i
16. ,d yEcs lh/ks rkj dks R f=T;k dh ,d o`Ùkkdkj
i2 L2
oy; ds v{k ds vuqfn'k j[kk tkrk gSA fudk; dk
vU;ksU; izsjdRo gS& (1) L1/L2
µ0R (2) L2/L1
(1)
2
L21
µ πR (3)
(2) 0 (L1 + L2 )2
2
L22
µ (4)
(3) 0 (L1 + L2 )2
2
(4) 0

124 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
11. L-R ifjiFk dqath I
(i) L-R ifjiFk esa /kkjk esa o`f) : /kkjk dh lehdj.k E
–t/τ
I = I0 (1 – e )
E
tgk¡] I0 = ¼vfUre /kkjk½ L R
R
L
rFkk τ = ¼ le; fu;rkad½
R
0
I
t = 0 ij I = I0 (1 – e ) rc I = 0
vFkkZr~ çsjd [kqys ifjiFk ds leku O;ogkj djrk gSA
E I0
I0 ( 1 − e−∞ ) =
rFkk t = ∞ ij I = I0 =
R
vFkkZr~ çsjd y?kq ifjiFk ds leku O;ogkj djrk gSA O t
;fn t = L/R = le; fu;rkad]rc I = I0 (1 – 1/e) = 0.63I0 /kkjk o le; ds e/; xkkQ
bl çdkj le; fu;rkad ml le; ds cjkcj gksrk gS] ftlesa /kkjk vf/kdre eku dh 0.63 xquk c<rh gSA

(ii) L-R ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk {k;

/kkjk dh lehdj.k I = I0e–t/τ }kjk nh tkrh gS] ¼tgk¡ I0 = çkjfEHkd dqath I0
/kkjk rFkk τ = L/R½

/kkjk
=
;fn t = L/R = le; fu;rkad] rc I I0=e−1 I0=/ e 0.37 I0 E
R L
bl çdkj le; fu;rkad ml le; ds cjkcj gksrk gS] ftlesa O le;
/kkjk vf/kdre eku dh 1/e ;k 0.37 xquk {kf;r gksrh gSA

Example 28:
Loçsj.k L dh ,d çsjd dq.Myh ftldk çfrjksèk R gS] dks fo- ok- cy ε okyh cSVjh ls L, R
tksMk+ x;k gSA t = 0 ij tc ifjiFk LFkk;h voLFkk esa gS] ,d yksgs dh NM+ dks çsjd ds A B
vUnj ços'k djkrs gSa ftlls çsjdRo n L gks tkrk gS (n > 1)A
(i) NM+ ds ços'k djkus ds i'pkr~ fuEu esa dkSu lh jkf'k;k¡ le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr
gksaxh &
ε
(a) fljs A rFkk B ds chp foHkokUrj
(b) çsjdRo
(c) dq.Myh esa mRiUu Å"ek dh nj
(1) dsoy (a) (2) (a) rFkk (c) (3) dsoy (c) (4) (a), (b) rFkk (c)

(ii) NM+ dks ços'k djkus ds i'pkr~] ifjiFk esa èkkjk &
(1) le; ds lkFk c<+sxh (2) le; ds lkFk ?kVsxh
(3) le; ds lkFk fLFkj jgsxh (4) le; ds lkFk igys ?kVsxh rFkk ckn esa fLFkj gks tk;sxh

(iii) tc ifjiFk iqu% LFkk;h voLFkk esa vkrk gS] rks blesa èkkjk gS &
(1) I < ε/R (2) I > ε/R (3) I = ε/R (4) blesa ls dksbZ
Sarvam Career Institute 125
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Solution:
(i) Ans.(3)
fljks ds eè; çsjdRo o foHkokUrj le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr ugh gksaxsA
(ii) Ans. (1)
NM çosf'kr djkus ds i'pkr Hkh ifjiFk esa èkkjk le; ds lkFk c<sxh tc rd fd LFkk;h voLFkk çkIr u gks
tk,A
(iii) Ans. (3)
ε
LFkk;h voLFkk esa çsjdRo 'kwU; çfrjksèk nsrk gS vr% Ι =
R

Example 29:
20 Ω çfrjksèk rFkk 0.5 H çsjdRo dh ,d dq.Myh dks 200 V dh DC vkiwfrZ ls tksMk+ tkrk gSA èkkjk esa o`f) dh nj
Kkr djsa
(a) dqath dks cUn djus ds {k.k ij
(b) ,d le; fu;rkad ds ckn
(c) ifjiFk eas LFkk;h voLFkk dh èkkjk Kkr djsaA
Solution:
(a) ;g L–R ifjiFk esa èkkjk esa o`f) dh fLFkfr gSSaA vr% le; t nh xbZ èkkjk&
i = i° (1 − e− t/ τ )
di i0 − t/ τ
èkkjk o`f) dh nj, = e
dt τL
t = 0 ij,
di i0 E /R E
= = =
dt τ L /R L
di 200
eku çfrLFkkfir djus ij] = = 400 A / s
dt 0.5
(b) t = τ ij,
di
= ( 400 ) e−1 = (0.37) (400) = 148 A/s
dt
(c) ifjiFk esa LFkk;h voLFkk dh èkkjk
E 200
i0= = = 10 A
R 20

Exercise 1.8

1. L, C vkSj R Øe'k: izsjdRo, /kkfjrk vkSj izfrjks/k 2. ,d dq.Myh ftldk izsjdRo 10 H rFkk izfrjks/k
n'kkZrs gSA fuEufyf[kr esa ls ftl la;kstu dh 5 vkse gS vkSj ;g 5 oksYV dh cSVjh ds Js.khØe esa
foek,sa vko`fÙk dh ugha gS mls pqfu;s :– tqM+h gqbZ gSA dqath can djus ds 2 lsd.M i'pkr
(1) 1/RC ifjiFk esa /kkjk ,sEih;j esa gksxh :–
–1
(2) R/L (1) e
–1
(3) 1/ LC (2) (1 – e )
(4) C/L (3) (1 – e)
(4) e
126 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
3. ,d L-R ifjiFk es 8 mH dk izsjdRo rFkk 4 Ω dk 9. layXu fp= ds ifjiFk esa E = 10 V, R1 = 1 Ω, R2
izfrjks/k gSA bl ifjiFk dk le; fu;rkad gS :– = 2 Ω, R3 = 3 Ω rFkk L = 2 H gks rks dqath cUn
(1) 2 ms (2) 12 ms djus ds rqjUr i'pkr /kkjk,a i1, i2 o i3 dk eku Kkr
(3) 32 ms (4) 500 s dhft, :-
R1 R3
4. /kkjk o`f) ds le; L -R ifjiFk esa le; fu;rkad
i1 i3
ml le; ds cjkcj gksrk gS, ftlesa /kkjk dk eku
'kwU; ls c<+dj gks tkrk gS (tgka Io LFkk;h voLFkk E L
i2 R2
esa /kkjk gS) :-
(1) 0.63 Io (2) 0.50 Io
(3) 0.37 Io (4) Io (1) 3.3 amp, 3.3 amp, 3.3 amp
(2) 3.3 amp, 3.3 amp , 0 amp
(3) 3.3 amp, 0 amp, 0 amp
5. 20 gsujh dk izsjd rFkk 10 vkse dk izfrjks/k 5 oksYV
(4) 3.3 amp, 3.3 amp 1.1 amp
dh cSVjh ds LkkFk Js.khØe esa tksM+ fn;s tkrs gSa, rks
/kkjk dh izkjfEHkd ifjorZu dh nj gksxh :–
10. fp= essa dq.Myh esa laxzfgr ÅtkZ gksxh (LFkkbZ
(1) 0.5 ,sEih;j/lSd.M
voLFkk esa)
(2) 2.0 ,sEih;j/lSd.M 2H
(3) 2.5 ,sEih;j/lSd.M
(4) 0.25 ,sEih;j/lSd.M
2Ω
10 V
–3
6. L = 5 × 10 gsujh vkSj R = 18 Ω dh ,d dq.Myh
dks 5 oksYV dk fo/kqr foHko fn;k tkrk gS, rks (1) 0 (2) ∞
0.001 lSd.M esa /kkjk c<+us dh nj D;k gksxh (3) 25 twy (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
–3.6
(e = 0.0273) :-
(1) 27.3 ,sEih;j/lSd.M 11. n'kkZ, ifjiFk esa X dks Y ls yEcs le; rd tksM+k
(2) 27.8 ,sEih;j/lSd.M tkrk gS rFkk fQj X dks Z ls tksM+k tkrk gSA rks
(3) 2.73 ,sEih;j/lSd.M R2 esa mRiUu dqy Å"ek gS %
(4) 2.78 ,sEih;j/lSd.M R2

X Z
7. 8.4 mH izsjdRo o 6 Ω izfrjks/k dh ,d dq.Myh
L Y
12 V dh cSVjh ls tqM+h gSA dq.Myh esa 1.0 A /kkjk
ftl le; izokfgr gksxh og yxHkx gksxk :- E R1
(1) 500 s (2) 20 s
(3) 35 ms (4) 1 ms LE2
(1)
2R12

L LE2
8. la;kstu ds foek, fuEu esa ls fdldh foek (2)
CVR 2R 22
ds leku gS:a LE2
(3)
(1) vkos'k (2) /kkjk 2R1R 2
–1 –1
(3) vkos'k (4) /kkjk LE2R 2
(4)
2R12
Sarvam Career Institute 127
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
12. LR ifjiFk t =0 ij cSVjh ls tksM+k tkrk gSA la;kstu 13. 300 mH izsjdRo rFkk 2 Ω izfrjks/k dh dksbZ dq.Myh
ds rqjUr i'pkr~ dkSulh jkf'k 'kwU; ugha gS ? fdlh 2 V oksYVrk ds L=ksr ls la;ksftr gSA fo|qr
(1) ifjiFk esa /kkjk /kkjk vius LFkk;h voLFkk eku ds vk/ks eku rd
(2) çsjdRo esa pqEcdh; ÅtkZ igq¡pus esa fdruk le; ysxh \
(3) cSVjh }kjk çnku 'kfDr (1) 0.05 s (2) 0.1 s
(4) çsjdRo esa çsfjr fo- ok- cy (3) 0.15 s (4) 0.3 s

12. çR;korhZ /kkjk tfu=

tc dqaMyh pqacdh; {ks= B esa ?kw.kZu djrh gS rks ik'k dk çHkkoh {ks=Qy ¼{ks= ds yEcor lrg½ Acosθ gksrk gS]
tgk¡ θ, A vkSj B ds chp dk dks.k gSA ¶yDl esa ifjorZu mRiUu djus dh ;g fof/k gh fdlh ljy çR;korhZ /kkjk
tfu= dk ifjpkyu fl)kUr gSA çR;korhZ /kkjk tfu=] ;kfU=d ÅtkZ dks fo|qrh; ÅtkZ esa cnyrk gSA
dq.Myh /kqjh

N S

lihZ
oy; izR;korhZ fo.ok.c.

dkcZu cqz'k
fp= : AC tfu=
fdlh Hkh {k.k ij
θ = ωt e
=φ NBAcosθ tgk¡ N = ?ksjksa dh la[;k
t
= NBAcosωt
dφ
e= − = +NBAωsinωt
dt φ
e0 = NBAω ¼fo|qr okgd cy dk f'k[kj eku½
t
e = e0 sinωt
dq.Myh esa çR;korhZ fo- ok- c- mRiUu gksrk gS
dq.Myh esa çsfjr fo- ok- c- yksM ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj mRiUu djrk gSA rc bls A.C oksYVrk dgrs gS=
aA v v 0 sinωt
• tfu= esa ÅtkZ gkfu : tfu= esa ÅtkZ gkfu fuEu dkj.kksa ls gksrh gSA
(a) pqqEcdh; ¶yDl dk {kj.k (b) Å"ek gkfu
(c) Hkoaj èkkjkvksa ds dkj.k gkfu (d) 'kSfFkY; gkfu
(e) ;kaf=d gkfu

tfu= }kjk mRikfnr fo|qr 'kfDr

• tfu= dh n{krk : tfu= dh izk;ksfxd n{krk =
tfu= dks nh x;h ;kfa=d ÅtkZ
cM+s tfu=ksa dh izk;ksfxd n{krk yxHkx 92% ls 95% rd gksrh gSA
128 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Example 30:
,d oy;] dks.kh; osx ω ls blds dsUnz ls ikfjr ,oa ry esa fLFkr v{k ds ifjr% ?kwe jgh gSA oy; ds ry ds
yEcor ,d fLFkj pqEcdh; {ks= B mifLFkr gSA oy; esa çsfjr fo-ok-cy dks le; ds Qyu ds :i esa Kkr djksA
ω

⊗B

t=0

Solution:
fdlh le; t ij] φ = BA cos θ = BA cos ωt
vc ywi esa çsfjr fo-ok- cy
−dφ EMF
e= = BA ω sin ωt
dt NBAω
;fn N ?ksjsa gksa rks t
fo-ok- cy = BAωN sin ωt,
tgk¡ BAωN fo-ok- cy e = em sin ωt dk vk;ke gSA
e e e
i= = m sin ωt = im sin ωt ; im = m
R R R
bl çdkj ?kwerh gqbZ dq.Myh T;koØh; ifjorhZ èkkjk ;k izR;korhZ /kkjk mRiUu djrh gSA ;gh tfu= esa ç;qDr
fl)kUr gSA

Exercise 1.9

1. ,d vk;rkdkj dq.Myh ABCD ,d leku dks.kh; 2. ,d vk;rkdkj dq.Myh ftlesa 60 ?ksjs rFk mldh
osx ls fp=kuqlkj Loa; ds O;kl ds ifjr le:i yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ Øe'k: 20 lseh vkSj 10 lseh
pqEcdh; {ks= esa ?kqekbZ tkrh gSA dq.Myh esa izsfjr gSA ;g dq.Myh 0.5 Vslyk ds ,d leku pqEcdh;
{ks= esa 1800 ?kw.kZu izfr feuV dh pky ls Lo;a ds
fo.Okk. cy vf/kdre gksxk, tcfd dq.Myh dk ry:–
fdlh O;kl ds ifjr ls ?kw.kZu dj jgh gS rks
D
vf/kdre izsfjr fo.ok. cy gksxk :-
Axis (1) 98 V
A
(2) 110 V
�⃗
B
(3) 113 V
C
ω (4) 118 V

B
3. ,dleku pqacdh; {ks= esa ?kw.kZu djus okyh dqaMyh
(1) Å/okZ/kj esa çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy rFkk blls lac) pqacdh;
(2) pqEcdh; {ks= ls 30° dk dks.k cuk jgk gksxkA ¶yDl ds chp dyk varj D;k gS\
(3) pqEcdh; {ks= ls 45° dk dks.k cuk jgk gksxkA (1) π
(4) pqEcdh; {ks= ds lekUrj gksxkA (2) π/2
(3) π/3
(4) 'kwU;
Sarvam Career Institute 129
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
4. ,d o`Ùkkdkj dq.Myh dh f=T;k 8.0 lseh rFkk Qsjksa 5.
2
50 ?ksjs rFkk 2.5 m {ks=Qy okys A.C. tfu= dks
dh la[;k 50 gS ftls Å/okZ/kj O;kl ds ifjrk: 0.3 T ds le:i pqEcdh; {ks= esa nks /kzqoksa ds e/;
dks.kh; pky 50 rad/s ls ,d leku {kSfrt 60 jsfM;u izfr lSd.M ds dks.kh; osx ls ?kw.kZu
pqEcdh; {ks= 3 × 10–2 VsYlk esa ?kqek;k tkrk gSA dj jgk gSA ifjiFk dk izfrjks/k dq.Myh ds izfrjks/k
dq.Myh esa vf/kdre rFkk vkSlr izsfjr fo.ok. cy dks feykdj 500 Ω gSA tfu= ls lEc) vf/kdre
dk eku Kkr djksA ;fn dq.Myh dk izfrjks/k
¶yDl ,oa vf/kdre /kkjk Kkr djksA
10 Ω gS rks fdruh 'kfDr Å"ek ds :i es {k;
gksxh? bl 'kfDr dk L=ksr D;k gSA

12.1 D.C. eksVj

pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kh ,d /kkjkokgh dq.Myh cyk?kw.kZ vuqHko djrh gS rFkk ?kw.kZu çkjEHk djrh gSA pw¡fd dq.Myh
?kw.kZu djrh gSA blfy, blesa vkjksfir fo- ok- c- ds foijhr çsfjr fo- ok- c- gksrk gSA
V = vkjksfir oksYVrk
E = i'p fo- ok- c- [E ∝ ω ¼eksVj dh dks.kh; pky½]
R = vkesZpj dk çfrjks/k
V −E
=I = vkesZpj esa /kkjk
R
fuos'kh 'kfä = VI
Å"ek gkfu = RR
fuxZr 'kfä = VI – I2R = EI
EI E
η
= =
VI V
E
η= × 100%
V
(i) tc fuxZr 'kfä vf/kdre gS] i'p fo- ok- c- E = V/2 rFkk η = 50%
(ii) i'p fo- ok- c- ∝ dks.kh; pky
(iii) tc eksVj dh Bhd fLop v‚u fd;k tkrk gS] pky = 0] i'p fo- ok- c- E = 0
(iv) IçkjfEHkd = V/R
(v) tc eksVj fcuk yksM gq, pyrh gS vFkkZr~ iwjs osx ls i'p fo- ok- c- vf/kdre gS] I U;wure gSA
(vi) tc eksVj esa i'p fo- ok- c- T;koØh; :i ls ifjofrZr gksrk gS rFkk I Hkh T;koØh; :i ls ifjofrZr gksrh gSA

130 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
Exercise 2

1. ,d /kkrq dh NM+ fp=kuqlkj ifjiFk iw.kZ djrh gSA 4. nks ,d tSls lek{kh; o`Ùkkdkj ywiksa esa çR;sd esa i
;g ifjiFk B = 0.15 Vslyk ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds /kkjk ,d gh fn'kk esa çokfgr gSA ;fn ywi ,d
yEcor gS] ;fn izfrjks/k dk eku 3 Ω gS] rks NM+ nwljs dh vksj vkrs gS rks&
dks 2 eh-@ls- ds fu;r osx ls xfr'khy djus ds (1) çR;sd ywi esa /kkjk ?kVsxh
fy;s vko';d cy gksxk& (2) çR;sd ywi esa /kkjk c<+sxh
x x x x x x x x x (3) çR;sd ywi esa fu;r jgsxh
x x x x x x x x x (4) ,d ywi esa /kkjk c<+sxh vkSj nwljs ywi esa ?kVsxh
x x x x x x
v =2 m/s
x R x0.5m
x x x x x x 
5. ,d pkyd NM+ pqEcdh; {ks= esa fu;r osx ν
x x x x x x x x x xfr'khy gSA fljksa ds e/; foHkokUrj mRiUu gksxkA
x x x x x x x x x    
(1) ;fn ν   gS (2) ;fn ν || B gS
–3 –2  
(1) 3.75 × 10 U;wVu (2) 3.75 × 10 U;wVu (3) ;fn  || B gS (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2 –4
(3) 3.75 × 10 U;wVu (4) 3.75 × 10 U;wVu
6.  yEckbZ dh NM+ fu;r vYi dks.kh; osx ω ls
2. fp= esa nh xbZ fLFkfr ij fopkj dhft,A rkj AB blds yEclef}Hkktd ls ifjr v{k ds ifjr: ?kw.kZu
fu;r osx ls fLFkj iVjh ij f[kldk;k tkrk gSA dj jgh gSA ?kw.kZu v{k ds lekUrj le:i pqEcdh;
;fn rkj AB ,d v)Zo`Ùkkdkj rkj ls foLFkkfir dj {ks= B fo|eku gSA NM+ ds nksuksa fljksa ds chp
fn;k tk, rks izsfjr èkkjk dk eku& foHkokUrj gksxkA
x x x A x x x x 1 2
(1) 'kwU; (2) ωB
x xv x x x x x 2
2 2
(3) Bω (4) 2Bω
x x x x x x x

x x x B x x x x 7. ,d leku] ijUrq le; ds lkFk ifjorhZ pqEcdh;

(1) c<+sxk {ks= B(t), f=T;k a ds ,d o`Ùkh; {ks= esa mifLFkr
(2) ogh jgsxk gS] rFkk bldh fn'kk dkxt ds ry ds yEcor~
(3) de gksxk vUnj dh vksj gSA tSlk fd fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k
(4) c<+uk ;k ?kVuk bl ij fuHkZj djsxk fd v)Zo`Ùk gSA o`Ùkh; {ks= ds dsUnz ls r nwjh ij fLFkr fcUnq P
dk mHkkj izfrjks/k dh vksj ;k mlls nwj dh ij izsfjr fo|qr {ks= dk eku :
vksj B(t)

3. 2 m yEckbZ dk ,d rkj xy ry ds yEcor~ gSA bls x x x

x x xx x
 x x x
B= (iˆ + 2j)
ˆ T pqEcdh; izsj.k okys LFkku esa x ax x x x
x x xx x x
 xx x x
ˆ m/s osx ls xfr djkrs gSa] rks rkj
v = (2iˆ + 3jˆ + k)
ds fljksa ds chp izsfjr foHkokUrj gS % (1) 'kwU; gS
(1) 2 oksYV (2) 4 oksYV (2) 1/r ds vuqlkj ?kVrk gS
(3) 0 oksYV (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (3) r ds vuqlkj c<+rk gS
2
(4) 1/r ds vuqlkj ?kVrk gS

Sarvam Career Institute 131

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
8. ,d çsjd dq.Myh esa i /kkjk çokfgr djus ij blesa 13. A o D ds chp izsjdRo gS:
U ÅtkZ laxzfgr gksrh gS rFkk P nj ls ÅtkZ âkl
gksrk gSA tc bl dq.Myh dks 'kwU; vkUrfjd A • • D
çfrjks/k okyh cSVjh ls tksM+k tkrk gS rks ifjiFk dk 3H 3H 3H
le; fu;rkad Kkr djks\
(1) 3.66 H (2) 9 H
4U U
(1) (2) (3) 0.66 H (4) 1 H
P P
2U 2P
(3) (4) 14. nks dqaMfy;ksa dks ,d nwljs ds lehi j[kk x;k gSA
P U
dq.Mfy;ksa ds ;qXe dk vU;ksU; izsjdRo fuHkZj djrk
9. L, C rFkk R Øe'k% HkkSfrd jkf'k;ksa çsjdRo] /kkfjrk gS:
rFkk çfrjks/k dks çnf'kZr djrs gSA buds fdl (1) og nj ftl ij nksuksa dqaMfy;ksa esa /kkjk,¡ cny
la;kstu dh foek le; ds leku gS ? jgha gS
1 R (2) dqaMfy;ksa dh lkis{k fLFkfr vkSj vfHkfoU;kl ij
(1) (2)
RC L (3) dqaMfy;ksa ds rkjksa ds inkFkZ ij
1 (4) nksuks dqaMfy;ksa esa izokfgr /kkjkvks ij
(3) (4) LC
LC
15. tc fdlh dq.Myh esa 0.05 lSd.M esa /kkjk +2 A ls
10. nks dq.Mfy;ksa dh fLFkfr fuf'pr gSA tc dq.Myh
–2 A gks tkrh gS] rc dq.Myh esa 8 V dk fo- ok-
1 esa dksbZ /kkjk ugha gSA tc dq.Myh 2 esa 15.0 A/s
cy mRiUu gks tkrk gSA dq.Myh dk Loçsj.k xq.kkad
dh nj ls /kkjk c<++rh gS] rks dq.Myh 1 esa fo- ok-
cy 25.0 mV gSA tc dq.Myh 2 esa dksbZ /kkjk ugha gS :
gS rFkk dq.Myh 1 esa èkkjk 3.6 A gS rks dq.Myh 2 ls (1) 0.2 H (2) 0.4 H
lEcfU/kr ¶yDl gksxk % (3) 0.8 H (4) 0.1 H
(1) 16 mWb (2) 10 mWb
(3) 4.00 mWb (4) 6.00 mWb 16. n Qsjksa rFkk R Ω çfrjks/k dh fdlh dq.Myh dks 4R
Ω çfrjks/k ds fdlh /kkjkekih ls la;ksftr fd;k
11. /kkrq rkj ds nks ,dleku o`Ùkh; ywi ,d est ij x;k gSA bl la;kstu dks W1 oscj ds pqEcdh; {ks=
,d nwljs dks fcuk Li'kZ fd;s j[ks gSaA ywi A esa
ls W2 oscj ds pqEcdh; {ks= esa t lSd.M esa ys tk;k
izokfgr /kkjk tc le; ds lkFk c<+rh gS] rc ywi
B: tkrk gSA ifjiFk esa çsfjr /kkjk dk eku gksxk%
(1) fLFkj jgrk gSA (W2 − W1 )A n(W2 − W1 )A
(1) (2) −
(2) ywi-A dh rjQ vkdf"kZr gksrk gSA 5Rnt 5Rt
(3) ywi-A ls izfrdf"kZr gksrk gSA (W2 − W1 )A n(W2 − W1 )A
(3) − (4) −
(4) vius nzO;eku dsUnz ds ifjr% ?kwerk gS (nzO;eku Rnt Rt
dsUnz fLFkj gS½
17. 1 m yEck dksbZ /kkrq dk pkyd vius fdlh fljs ds
12. ,d izsj.k dq.Myh esa 32 twy pqEcdh; ÅtkZ ifjr% 5 jsfM;u çfr lSd.M ds dks.kh; osx ls
lapf;r gS rFkk ÅtkZ 320 okV dh nj ij Å"ek Å/okZ/kkjr% ?kw.kZu dj jgk gSA ;fn i`Foh ds pqEcdh;
ds :i esa O;f;r gksrh gS tc 4 ,fEi;j dh /kkjk
blesa ls xqtjrh gSA ifjiFk dk le; fu;rkad Kkr {ks= ds {kSfrt ?kVd dk eku 0.2 × 10–4 T gS] rks
dhft, tc dq.Myh dks csVªh ds fljksa ls tksM+k pkyd ds nksuks fljksa ds chp mRiUu fo|qr okgd
tk,A cy gS :
(1) 0.2 s (2) 0.1 s (1) 5 µV (2) 50 µV
(3) 0.3 s (4) 0.4 s (3) 5 mV (4) 50 mV
132 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
18. dksbZ pkyd u–uyh fdlh nwljh U–uyh esa] oS|qr 21. i`Foh ds pqEcdh; {ks= (0.30 ×10 Wb / m2) ds
-4

lEidZ cukdj j[krs gq,] vkjs[k esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj] {kSfrt ?kVd ( + ĵ fn'kk es)a ls ledks.k ij iwoZ ls
ljd ldrh gSA pqEcdh; {ks= B vkjs[k ds ry ds if'pe rd QSyk 20 m yEck ,d {kSfrt lh/kk rkj
yEcor~ gSA ;fn çR;sd uyh nwljh uyh dh vksj 5.0 m/s dh pky ls fxj jgk gSA rkj esa çsfjr
,d fu;r osx v ls xeu djrh gS] rks B,  rFkk v fo|qr okgd cy dk rkR{kf.kd eku gksxk:
ds inksa esa ifjiFk esa çsfjr fo|qr okgd cy] tgk¡ (1) 3 mV (2) 4.5 mV
 çR;sd uyh dh pkSM+kbZ gS] gksxk & (3) 1.5 mV (4) 6.0mV
x x x
xA Bx 22. yEckbZ ‘’ dh ,d /kkrq dh NM+ yEckbZ 2 dh ,d
x x x
x v d x Mksjh ls c¡/kh gS vkSj Mksjh ds ,d fljs dks fLFkj j[k
x x x
x x dj bls dks.kh; pky ω ls ?kwf.kZr fd;k tkrk gSA
D x x x C
;fn bl LFkku esa ,d Å/okZèkj pqEcdh; {ks= ‘B’ gS]
(1) Bv (2) – Bv rc NM+ ds fljksa ij iszfjr fo|qr okgd cy gS :
(3) 'kwU; (4) 2 Bv

19. ,d çsjd (L = 100 mH), ,d çfrjks/kd (R = 100 2 

Ω) vkSj ,d cSVjh (E = 100 V) dks çkjEHk esa Js.kh
Øe esa fp= ds vuqlkj tksM+k x;k gSA yEcs le;
ds mijkUr fcUnqvksa A vkSj B dks y?kq ifFkr djds
cSVjh dks fudky fn;k tkrk gSA y?kq iFku djus 2Bω2 3Bω2
(1) (2)
ds 1 feyh lSd.M i'pkr~ ifjiFk esa /kkjk gksxh : 2 2
L 4Bω2 5Bω2
(3) (4)
2 2
R
A B 23. ,d vuUr yEckbZ dh csyukdkj pkyd NM+ + Z
• • fn'kk ds vuqfn'k j[kh gSA ,d fu;r pqEcdh; {ks=
E
+ Z fn'kk esa mifLFkr gS rks izsfjr /kkjk gksxh
(1) 1 A (2) 1/e A
(1) 0
(3) e A (4) 0.1 A
(2) + Z fn'kk ds vuqfn'k
(3) + Z fn'kk ls ns[kus ij nf{k.kkorZ fn'kk esaA
20. nks lek{kh; ifjukfydk,¡] yEckbZ = 20 cm rFkk (4) + Z fn'kk ls ns[kus ij okekorZ fn'kk esaA
vuqizLFk&dkV {ks=Qy A = 10 cm2 ds ikbiksa ij
irys jks/kh rkj dks yisVdj cukbZ xbZ gaSA ;fn buesa 24. n'kkZ;s x;s fp= esa cSVjh vkn'kZ gSA ε = 10 V,
ls fdlh ,d ifjukfydk esa ?ksjks dh la[;k 300 R = 5 Ω, L = 2 H gSA izkjEHk eas izsjdRo esa /kkjk 'kwU;
rFkk nwljh esa ?ksjks dh la[;k 400 gS] rks budk gSA cSVjh esa t = 2 s le; ij /kkjk gSA
vU;ksU; izsjdRo gS (µ0 = 4π × 10–7 T m A–1):
(1) 4.8π × 10 H
–4 10 V ε R 5Ω L
–5
(2) 4.8π × 10 H
–4
(3) 2.4π × 10 H (1) 12 A (2) 7 A
(4) 2.4π × 10 H
–5 (3) 3 A (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sarvam Career Institute 133
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Exercise 3

Question 1 to 10 5. dFku : fp= esa ,d cSVjh vkSj ,d fLop ls tqM+k

funsZ'k: bu ç'uksa esa nks dFku 'kkfey gSa] çR;sd ,d {kSfrt ifjukfydk n'kkZ;h gSA ,d rkacs dh
dFku vfHkdFku vkSj dkj.k ds :i esa eqfær gSA oy; dks ,d fpduh lrg ij j[kk x;k gS] oy;
bu ç'uksa dk mÙkj nsrs le;] vkidks fuEufyf[kr dh v{k {kSfrt gSA tSls gh fLop can gksxk] oy;
pkj çfrfØ;kvksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks pquuk gksxkA ifjukfydk ls nwj pyh tk,xhA
¼A½ ;fn dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa lgh gSa vkSj dkj.k]
nkos dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
¼B½ ;fn dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa lgh gSa ysfdu
dkj.k] dFku dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
¼C½ ;fn dFku lgh gS ysfdu dkj.k xyr gSA
¼D½ ;fn dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa xyr gSaA
dkj.k : oy; esa çsfjr emf e = -dφ/dt
1. dFku% tc Hkh pqacdh; QyDl esa ifjorZu gksrk gS
(1) A (2) B
rks çsfjr emf fo- ok- cy ges'kk mRiUu gksxkA
(3) C (4) D
dkj.k% tc Hkh pqacdh; QyDl esa ifjorZu gksrk gS
rks /kkjk ges'kk çsfjr gksrh gSA
(1) A (2) B
6. dFku : fdlh pkyd dks pqacdh; {ks= esa xfr
(3) C (4) D djkdj emf çsfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
dkj.k : pqacdh; {ks= dks cnydj emf çsfjr fd;k
2. dFku% dsoy pqacdh; QyDl esa ifjorZu ls dqaMyh tk ldrk gSA
esa çsfjr /kkjk cuh jgsxhA (1) A (2) B
dkj.k% fdlh dqaMyh ds ek/;e ls vR;f/kd pqacdh; (3) C (4) D
QyDl dh mifLFkfr ifjiFk dh dqaMyh esa fo|qr
/kkjk dks fujarj cuk, j[krh gSA 7. dFku : fp= esa ,d /kkfRod pkyd dks pqacdh; {ks=
(1) A (2) B esa xfr djrs fn[kk;k x;k gSA blds fljksa ij çsfjr
(3) C (4) D emf 'kwU; gSA
B
3. dFku% çsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk ,slh gksrh gS fd /kkjk v
ds dkj.k pqca dh; {ks=] /kkjk dks çsfjr djus okys 
pqacdh; QyDl esa ifjorZu dk fojks/k djrk gSA dkj.k : fdlh pkyd ds fljksa ij çsfjr emf e =
dkj.k : mijksä dFku ÅtkZ laj{k.k ds vuq:i gSA Bvℓ sinθ }kjk fn;k tkrk gS
(1) A (2) B (1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D (3) C (4) D

4. dFku : ,d yEch ifjukfydk es fxjus okys pqEcd 8. dFku : fdlh Hkh /kkfRod pkyd esa Hk¡oj /kkjk,¡ rc
dk Roj.k de gks tkrk gSA mRiUu gksrh gSa tc mlds pkjksa vksj pqacdh;
dkj.k : fdlh ifjiFk esa mRiUu çsfjr /kkjk ges'kk QyDl ifjofrZr gksrk gSA
,slh fn'kk esa çokfgr gksrh gS fd ;g ifjorZu ds
dkj.k : fo|qr foHko vkos'k ds QyDl dks fu/kkZfjr
dkj.k dk fojks/k djrh gS ftlus bls mRiUu fd;k
djrh gSA
gSA
(1) A (2) B
(1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D
(3) C (4) D
134 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
9. dFku : ml dqaMyh esa ,d emf çsfjr gksrk gS ftlesa 10. dFku : tc fdlh dqM a yh esa ?ksjks dh la[;k nksxquh
/kkjk cny jgh gSA dj nh tkrh gS] rks dqaMyh dk Lo&çsjdRo xq.kkad
dkj.k : Lo&çsj.k ?kVuk QSjkMs ds çsj.k ds fu;e 4 xquk gks tkrk gSA
dk ikyu djrh gSA dkj.k : D;ksafd L α N2
(1) A (2) B (1) A (2) B
(3) C (4) D (3) C (4) D

Sarvam Career Institute 135

 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

1. rkj dk ,d ik'k (ywi) fdlh pqEcdh; {ks= esa ?kw.kZu 4. dksbZ ,dleku pqEcdh; {ks= r f=T;k ds fdlh {ks=

djrk gS rks ,d ifjØe.k (pØ) eas blesa çsfjr fo- dB
esa lhfer gSA ;g pqEcdh; {ks= le; ds lkFk
ok-cy (emf) dh fn'kk eas ifjorZu dh vko`fr dt
[NEET_2013] dh nj ls ifjofrZr gksrk gSA uhps fn;s x, vkjs[k
(1) nks ckj (2) pkj ckj
esa n'kkZ;s x;s vuqlkj] f=T;k R > r dk ik'k ¼ywi½
1, r {ks= dks ifjc) djrk gS rFkk R f=T;k dk ik'k
(3) N% ckj (4) ,d ckj
2, pqEcdh; {ks= dh lhek ls ckgj gSA mRiUu fo|qr
okgd cy dk eku gksxk& [NEET_2016]
2. f=T;k r dk ,d iryk v)Zo`Ÿkkdkj pkydh; NYyk
(PQR) ,d {kSfrt pqEcdh; {ks= B eas bl izdkj fxj ×
×××× ×
××× × ×× R
jgk gS fd bldk ry Å/okZ/kj gSA bl fLFkfr dks r
×××× × R
lyaXu fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA NYys ds fljksa ds
1
chp mRiUu foHkokUrj tc bldh pky v gS] dk 2
eku gS& [NEET_2014] 
Q
dB 2
(1) − πr ywi 1 esa rFkk ywi 2 esa 'kwU;
dt
××××××× 
××××××× dB 2
P × × × ×O× × × R (2) − πr ywi 1 esa rFkk ywi 2 esa 'kwU;
dt
(3) ywi 1 esa 'kwU; rFkk ywi 2 esa Hkh 'kwU;
V  
dB 2 dB 2
(4) − πr ywi 1 esa rFkk ywi 2 esa − πR
(1) πrBv rFkk R mPp foHko ij gSA dt dt
(2) 2rBv rFkk R mPp foHko ij gSA
(3) 'kwU; 5. fdlh yEch ifjukfydk esa ?ksjks dh la[;k 1000 gSA
2 tc ifjukfydk ls 4 A dh /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gS]
(4) Bvπr rFkk P mPp foHko ij gSA
rc bl ifjukfydk ds izR;sd ?ksjs ls lEc)
pqEcdh; ¶yDl 4 × 10–3 Wb gks tkrk gSA bl
3. ‘a’ Hkqtk dk ,d oxkZdkj pkyd Ýse rFkk I /kkjkokgh ifjukfydk dk Lo&izsjdRo gS& [NEET_2016]
,d yEck lh/kk rkj] fp= esa n'kkZ;s x;s vuqlkj (1) 4 H (2) 3 H
,d gh lery esa gSA ;g Ýse nkbZa vksj ,d fLFkj (3) 2 H (4) 1 H
osx V ls xfr djrk gSA blls Ýse esa izsfjr fo|qr
okgd cy lekuqikrh gksxk& [NEET_2015]
6. ;gk¡ n'kkZ;s x;s ifjiFk esa rhu loZle izfrjks/kd]
nks loZle izsjd vkSj ,d vkn'kZ cSVjh tqM+s gSA
x izR;sd izfrjksèkd dk izfrjks/k] R = 9.0 Ω, izR;sd
izsjd dk izsjdRo L = 2.0 mH gS rFkk cSVjh dk
I v fo|qr okgd cy = 18 V gS rks fLop dks cUn djus
ds rqjUr i'pkr~ cSVjh ls fo|qr /kkjk 'i' dk eku
gksxk : [NEET_2017]
a

1 1 L R R
(1) (2) +
(2x − a)2 (2x + a)2 ε
– R
1 1 L C
(3) (4)
(2x − a) ( 2x + a ) x2
(1) 2 mA (2) 4 A
(3) 2 A (4) 0 ,fEi;j
136 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
7. fdlh yEch ifjukfydk dk O;kl 0.1 m gSA blesa 11. R1 rFkk R2 f=T;kvksa dh nks pkydh; o`Ùkh; ywi ,d
rkj ds ?ksjks dh la[;k 2 × 104 izfr ehVj gSA blds ry esa ledsfUnzr j[kh gSA ;fn R1>> R2 rks muds
dsUnz ij 0.01 m f=T;k rFkk 100 ?ksjksa okyh ,d e/; ikjLifjd izsjdRo 'M' lekuqikrh gksrk gS %
dqaMyh bl izdkj j[kh gS fd nksuksa dh v{k laikrh [NEET_2021]
gSA ifjufydk esa izokfgr gksus okyh fo|qr /kkjk dk R1 R2
(1) (2)
eku ,d fu;r nj ls de gksrk tkrk gS vkSj R2 R1
0.05 s esa 4 A ls 'kwU; gks tkrk gSA ;fn dqaMyh dk R12 R 22
(3) (4)
izfrjks/k 10 π2 Ω gS rks] bl vUrjky esa dqaMyh ls R2 R1
izokfgr dqy vkos'k gksxk % [NEET_2017]
(1) 32 πµ C 12. 1 m Hkqtk ,oa 1 Ω izfrjks/k okyk ,d oxkZdkj ?ksjk
(2) 16 πµ C 0.5 T okys pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[kk gSA ;fn ?ksjs dk
(3) 32 µ C ry] pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk ds yEcor gS] rks ?ksjs
(4) 16 µ C ls xqtjus okys pqEcdh; ¶yDl dk eku gS%
[NEET_2022]
8. fdlh izsjd ls 60 mA dh /kkjk izokfgr djus ij (1) 2 oscj (2) 0.5 oscj
ml izsjd esa lafpr pqEcdh; fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dk eku (3) 1 oscj (4) 'kwU;
25 mJ gSA bl izsjd dk izsjdRo gS&
[NEET_2018] 13. 2 A dh /kkjk çokfgr djus okys 4 µ H çsjdRo ds
(1) 0.138 H
,d çsjd esa laxzfgr pqacdh; ÅtkZ gS
(2) 138.88 H
[NEET_2023]
(3) 1.389 H
(1) 4 µJ (2) 4 mJ
(4) 13.89 H
(3) 8 mJ (4) 8 µJ

9. fdlh dq.Myh ls lac) pqEcdh; ¶yDl (Wb es)a

14. fdlh Hkh can lrg ls ifj.kkeh pqacdh; QyDl gS
dks lehdj.k }kjk bl izdkj n'kkZ;k x;k gS &
2
[NEET_2023(Manipur)]
φ = 5t + 3t + 16 pkSFks lSd.M ij dq.Myh esa izfjr
(1) 'kwU;
emf dk ifjek.k gksxk & [NEET_2020(Covid)]
(2) /kukRed
(1) 33 V (2) 43 V
(3) vuUr
(3) 108 V (4) 10 V
(4) _.kkRed

10. /kkrq ds 20 Likssd ¼vkjs½] ftuesa izR;sd dh yEckbZ 15. ,d emf 100 ?ksjks okyh dq.Myh ,d ac tfu=
1 m gS] okys fdlh ifg, dks 120 rpm dh pky ls
}kjk mRiUu emf gksrk gS] ftldk ywi {ks=Qy 1
0.4 G rhozrk ds pqEcdh; {ks= ds yEcr~r ry esa 2
m gSA dqaMyh ,d ifjØe.k izfr lsd.M dh pky
?kwf.kZr djk;k x;k gSA bl ifg, dh /kqjh vkSj usfe
–4
ls ?kwerh gS vkSj dqaMyh ds ?kw.kZu v{k ds yacor 0-
(rim) ds chp izfjr emf gksxh (1 G = 10 T)
05 T ds ,d leku pqacdh; {ks= esa j[kh tkrh gSA
[NEET_2020(Covid)]
emf dk vf/kdre eku gS
–4
(1) 2.51 × 10 V [NEET_2023(Manipur)]
–5
(2) 2.51 × 10 V (1) 3.14 V
–5
(3) 4.0 × 10 V (2) 31.4 V
(4) 2.51 V (3) 62.8 V
(4) 6.28 V
Sarvam Career Institute 137
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
17. AB fdlh fo|qr ifjiFk dk ,d Hkkx gS ¼fp= ns[ksa½
v ml {k.k] ftl ij /kkjk i = 2A gS vkSj ;g
N S
16. 1 amp/sec dh nj ls c<+ jgh gS] foHkokUrj
A B C D "VA – VB" gS% [NEET_2025]
ifjukfydk-1 ifjukfydk-2
i
mijksDr fp= esa ,d izcy NM+ pqEcd ifjukfydk- B
1H 5V 2Ω
1 ls ifjukfydk-2 dh vksj xfr dj jgh gSA
(1) 9 volt
ifjukfydk-1 esa izsfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk rFkk
(2) 10 volt
ifjukfydk-2 esa iszfjr /kkjk dh fn'kk Øe'k% gS:
(3) 5 volt
[NEET-2024]
(4) 6 volt
(1) AB ,oa DC (2) BA ,oa CD
(3) AB ,oa CD (4) BA ,oa DC

138 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k PHYSICS
ANSWER KEYS

Exercise 1.1
1. 5 × 10 Weber–3
2. –NBA
3. Face ABCD ⇒ +Ba2, Face EFGH ⇒ –Ba2, Remaining faces ⇒ Zero 4. 0.02 Wb
5. –0.1 Wb 6. 29.6 × 10–6 Wb 7. (3) 8. (1) 9. (4) 10. (4)

Exercise 1.2
1. (i) Anticlockwise (ii) Clockwise (iii) A – Positive charge, B – Negative charge
(iv) Anticlockwise (v) Anticlockwise (vi) No induced current
(vii) (a) Anticlockwise (b) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise in smaller loop
(c) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise in smaller loop
(d) Anticlockwise in both loop & through connecting wire zero current
(viii) Anticlockwise
2. (i) (a) Anticlockwise (ACW), (b) Clockwise (CW) (ii) N to L
(iii) Plate A – Positive charge, Plate B – Negative charge
3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (2) 6. (4) 7. (2) 8. (4) 9. (3)
10. (2) 11. (1) 12. (1) 13. (1) 14. (2)

Exercise 1.3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 2 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 1 3 4 3 1 3 3 4
Que. 21
Ans. 3

Exercise 1.4
1. (i) No induced EMF (ii) B outwards (iii) B inwards (iv) Direction of current Q to P
(v) Low potential is N (vi) Y south & X north (vii) X south; Y north
2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (1)
7. (i) 2 BvR
(ii) 2 Bv (1 + sin θ)

(iii) (a) Zero (b) Zero (c) Zero

(iv) 3 Bv

(v) (a) Zero (b) Zero

µ0 Iva2
8. enet = 9. (3) 10. (4) 11. (2) 12. (1) 13. (2)
2πx(x + a)
14. (2) 15. (1) 16. (4) 17. (4)
Sarvam Career Institute 139
 PHYSICS oS|qr pqEcdh; izsj.k
Exercise 1.5
Que. 1 2 3 4 5
Ans. 2 1 4 4 3

Exercise 1.6
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 2 1 2 1 4 4 2 3 4 2 4 1 3 1 2 3 1 4 1
Que. 21 22
Ans. 4 4

Exercise 1.7
1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (1) 7. (4)
8. (i) (a) ACW (b) Zero (c) CW
(ii) (a) ACW (b) Zero (c) CW
(iii) (a) L to N (b) Zero (c) N to L
9. (2) 10. (4) 11. (1) 12. (4) 13. (1) 14. (2) 15. (2)
16. (4) 17. (1) 18. (2) 19. (2)

Exercise 1.8
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ans. 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 3 1 4 2

Exercise 1.9
1. (4) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. 0.018 W 5. 37.5 Wb, 4.5 A

Exercise 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 3 4 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 3
Que. 21 22 23 24
Ans. 1 4 1 1

Exercise 3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1

Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ans. 1 2 3 1 4 2 3 4 2 1 4 2 4 1 2 3 2

140 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS

Chapter

4 çR;korhZ /kkjk
v/;k; voyksdu 1. fn"V/kkjk
og /kkjk tks dsoy ,d gh fn'kk esa ,d leku ifjek.k ds lkFk cgrh gS
– fn"V/kkjk
– izR;korhZ /kkjk fn"V /kkjk dgykrh gSA cSVjh+@lSy }kjk fn"V /kkjk mRiUu dh tkrh
– AC dh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSA ,d lkekU; ifjiFk esa tSls ,d f[kykSuk dkj esa /kkjk rFkk VkpZ dk
– vkSlr ;k ek/;eku izdk'k lkekU;r% fu;r jgrh gS, tSlk dh uhps vkjs[k esa n'kkZ;k x;k
– oxZ ek/; ewy eku vkSj gSA vkSj bls LFkk;h /kkjk dgrs gSA
:ixq.kkad
– çR;korhZ jkf'k;ksa dk ifjekiu /kkjk
– dykUrj vkSj dyk:i vkjs[k
– 'kq) izfrjks/k ;qDr izR;korhZ /kkjk
ifjiFk le;
– 'kq} izsjdRo ;qDr izR;korhZ
ifjiFk
– vyx&vyx ?kVdks dk 2. izR;korhZ /kkjk
rqYukRed v/;;u (R or L or C) og oksYVrk ;k /kkjk ftldk ifjek.k vkSj fn'kk le; ds lkFk vkorhZ
– izfrjks/k rFkk izsjdRo dk
Js.khla;kstu (L-R ifjiFk) :i ls ifjofrZr gksrh gS] izR;korhZ /kkjk ;k izR;korhZ oksYVrk dgykrh
– izfrjks/k rFkk la/kkfj= dk Js.kh gSA bls T;k ;k dksT;k oØ }kjk iznf'kZr dj ldrs gSa &
la;kstu (R-C ifjiFk) I = I0 sin ω t ;k I = I0 cos ω t
– ?kVdksa dk la;kstu
I = le; t ij /kkjk dk rkR{kf.kd eku
(R-L or R-C or L-C)
– çsjdRo] /kkfjrk rFkk çfrjks/k dk I0 = vk;ke ;k f'k[kj eku
Js.kh la;kstu (L-C-R Js.kh ω = dks.kh; vko`fÙk (jsfM;u/lSd.M) ω = 2πf
ifjiFk)
T = vkoZrdky f = vko`fr
– vuqukn
– izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa 'kfDr I=I0 sin ωt I=I0 cosωt
– pksd dq.Myh I0
T 3
T I0 T
– VªkalQkWeZj 2 4 T
– e t 2 T
T t
– e T 3
4 T
– e –I0 4 4
–I0
le; ds lkFk T;kQyu le; ds lkFk dksT;k Qyu
Sarvam Career Institute 141
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
izR;korhZ /kkjk dk ifjek.k rFkk fn'kk le; ds lkFk vkorhZ #i ls ifjofrZr gksrs gSA
I izR;korhZ I f=Hkqtkdkj
t + +
– – t

I oxkZdkj I vkjhnar rjax

t t

I I

t t
Not AC
(fn'kk ifjorZu ugh) Not AC (vukorhZ)

3. AC dh fo'ks"krk,¡
3.1 izR;korhZ /kkjk dk vk;ke
fdlh ,d fn'kk esas ¼/kukRed ;k _.kkRed½ /kkjk ds vf/kdre eku dks vk;ke dgrs gSA bls I0 ls iznf'kZr djrs gSA
f'k[kj ls f'k[kj eku = 2I0

3.2 vkorZdky
izR;korhZ /kkjk dks ,d pØ iw.kZ djus esa yxus okys le; dks izR;korhZ /kkjk dk vkorZdky dgrs gSA

3.3 vko`fÙk
1 lsd.M esa izR;korhZ /kkjk }kjk iw.kZ fd;s x;s pØksa dh la[;kvksa dks vko`fÙk dgrs gSA
ek=d : pØ/ls, gVZ~t (Hz)
Hkkjr esa ?kjksa dks fo|qr dh vkiwfrZ : vko`fÙk = 50 gV~Zt, oksYVrk = 220 oksYV
vesfjdk esa ?kjksa dkss fo|qr dh vkiwfrZ : vko`fÙk = 60 gV~Zt, oksYVrk = 110 oksYV

Example 1:
;fn E = 20 sin (100 πt) oksYV gS rks t = 1 / 600 lsd.M ij E dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
1
At t = s
600
 1 
E = 20 sin 100π×
 600 
π
E = 20 sin  
6
1
E = 20 × = 10 V
2

142 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Exercise 1.1

1. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk 1 µs esa ,d pØ iw.kZ djrh gSa] 8. izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fr 50 Hz gSa rks /kkjk lfn'k
bldh vko`fr Hz esa gS-a dks ,d pØ iwjk djus esa yxk le; gSa -
(1) 10
–6
(2) 50 (1) 20 ms (2) 50 ms
6 (3) 100 ms (4) 1 s
(3) 100 (4) 10

9. mijksDr iz'u esa /kkjk dks 'kwU; ls vf/kdre gksus esa

2. fdlh izR;korhZ
/kkjk ifjiFk esa /kkjk
yxk le; lsd.M esa gksxk -
i = 4 sin (100πt + 30°) ,fEi;j }kjk nh tkrh gS
(1) 1/200 sec (2) 1/100 sec
(t = 0 ds ckn½ /kkjk izFke ckj fdl le; t ij (3) 1/50 sec (4) 1/400 sec
vf/kdre gksrh gS-
(1) (1/200) sec (2) (1/300) sec 10. lehdj.k Ι = Ι0 sin ωt esa /kkjk vk;ke rFkk vko`fÙk
(3) (1/50) sec (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Øe'k% gS -
ω I0 ω
3. izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk rkR{kf.kd eku (1) I0 , (2) ,
2π 2 2π
Ι = 2 sin (100πt + π/3) A gks rks /kkjk dk izkjaHk ω
(3) Ιrms , (4) Ι0 , ω
(t = 0) esa eku gksxk - 2π
(1) 2 3 A (2) 3A
11. fdlh 50 Hz vko`fr ds T;koØh; izR;korhZ oksYVrk
3
(3) A (4) 'kwU; dk f'k[kj eku 200 oksYV gSa] rks bls fuEu lehdj.k
2
ls O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSa -
(1) E = 200 sin 50t (2) E = 200 sin 314t
4. ,d pØ esa izR;korhZ /kkjk dh fn'kk ifjofrZr gksrh
gS-a (3) E = 200 2 sin 50t (4) E =200 2 sin 314t
(1) nks ckj (2) ,d ckj
(3) 50 ckj (4) 60 ckj
12. fdlh fo|qr ifjiFk esa vkjksfir fo|qrokgd cy
E = 100 sin (314 t) oksYV }kjk fn;k tkrk gS rFkk
/kkjk Ι = sin (314t + π / 3) }kjk nh xbZ gSA ifjiFk
5. ;fn izR;korhZ foHko dh vko`fr 50 Hz gSa] rks ,d
dh izfrck/kk vkse esa gksxh -
lSd.M esa foHko dh fn'kk cnysxh-
100
(1) 50 ckj (2) 100 ckj (1) (2) 100
2
(3) 200 ckj (4) 500 ckj
(3) 100 2 (4) buesa esa ls dksbZ ugha
6. 1 KHz vko`fr dh izR;korhZ /kkjk dk nksyu dky
lSd.M essa gksxk - 13. AC lzksr dk foHko lehdj.k V = 100 sin(πt) cos
(1) 0.10 sec (2) 0.01 sec (πt) ds vuqlkj le; ds lkFk cnyrk jgrk gSA
–3 tgk¡ t lsdaM esa gS vkSj V oksYV esa gSA rc
(3) 1 × 10 sec (4) 1 sec
(1) lzksr dk f'k[kj oksYVst 100 V gS
(2) lzksr dk f'k[kj oksYVst 50 V gS
7. izR;korhZ fo- ok- cy dk eku e = 500 sin (100πt)
(3) lzksr dk f'k[kj oksYVst 100 / 2V gS
gk] rks bl foHko dh vko`fr Hz esa gksxh -
(4) lzksr dh vko`fÙk 100 gVZ~t gSA
(1) 25 (2) 50
(3) 75 (4) 100
14. Li"V dfj;s fd leku eku dh fn"V /kkjk dh rqyuk
esa çR;korhZ /kkjk A.C. vf/kd [krjukd D;ksa gS\
Sarvam Career Institute 143
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
4. vkSlr ;k ek/;eku
izR;korhZ /kkjk dk v)ZpØ ¼/kukRed ;k _.kkRed½ esa vkSlr ;k ek/; eku ml fn"V /kkjk ds rqY; gksrk gS tks
fdlh ifjiFk es mruh gh ek=k esa vkos'k izokfgr dj ns ftruk izR;korhZ /kkjk }kjk mrus gh le; es mlh ifjiFk
es fd;k tkrk gSA
/kkjk dk vkSlr eku v)ZpØ ds fy,
T /2

∫ Ιdt
<I>= 0
T /2

∫ dt
0

I dk vkSlr eku = I0 sin ωt /kukRed v)ZpØ :

T

Iav =
∫
0
2
0Ι sin ωt dt
=
2 I0 T
2Ι
[ − cos ωt ]02 = 0
T
ωT π
∫0
2
dt
vkSlr eku iw.kZ pØ ds fy, :
< sin θ > =< sin2θ > = 0
< cos θ > =< cos2θ > = 0
< sin θ cos > = 0
1
< sin2 θ > =< cos2 θ > =
2

vf/kdre eku (Maximum Value)

• I = a sinθ ⇒ Ivf/kdre = a
• I = a + b sinθ ⇒ Ivf/kdre = a + b (;fn a rFkk b > 0)

• I = a sinθ + b cosθ ⇒ Ivf/kdre = a 2 + b2

2
• I = a sin θ ⇒ Ivf/kdre = a (a > 0)

Example 2:
,d vkorhZ foHko rjax :i fp= esa iznf'kZr gS] rks Kkr dhft;sA
V in (volt)
(a) rjax dh vko`fÙk
(b) vkSlr eku 10
Solution: 5
t (in ms)
(a) 100 ms ds i'pkr~ rjax dh iqujko`fÙk gks jgh gSA 100 200
blfy, vkoZrdky 100 ms gS
bl izdkj vko`fÙk f = 1 / T = 10 Hz
(b) vkSlr eku = {ks=Qy/vkoZrdky
(1 / 2) × ( 100 ) × 10
= = 5 volt
(100)

144 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
5. oxZ ek/; ewy eku vkSj :ixq.kkad
5.1 oxZ ek/; ewy eku
izR;korhZ /kkjk dk oxZ ek/; ewy eku ml fn"V /kkjk ds cjkcj gksrk gS tks fdlh izfrjks/k esa fdlh le; vUrjky
es mruh gh Å"ek mRiUu dj ns ftruh dh mlh izfrjks/k es mlh le;kUrjky esa izR;korhZ /kkjk mRiUu djrh gSA
T
∫ I dt
2

Irms = 0
T
∫ dt0

oxZ ek/; ewy eku = izHkkoh eku = vkHkklh eku

T
∫ ( I0 sin ωt)2dt Ι 20 T 1 T  1 − cos2ωt  1  t sin2ωt 
T
Ι
Irms = 0
T
=
T ∫ sin2 ωt dt = I 0 ∫
T   2 

dt = I0  − 
T  2 2 × 2ω  0
= 0
2
∫
0 0
dt
0

• ;fn dqN dgk u x;k gks rks fo|qr midj.kksa ij vafdr eku o izR;korhZ ehVj ds ikB~;kad dks oxZ ek/; ewy
eku ekurs gSA
vkSlr dks.kh; vkSlr
/kkjk f'k[kj RMS
¼iwjk pؽ vko`fÙk ¼vk/kk pؽ+
Ι0 2Ι 0
I1 = I0 sinωt 0 I0 ω
2 π
Ι0 Ι0 Ι0 Ι0
I2= I0sinωtcosωt = sin2ωt 0 2ω
2 2 2 2 π

I3 = I0 sinωt + I0cosωt 2 2Ι 0
0 2Ι 0 I0 ω
π

• mijksä izdkj dh /kkjk ds fy; oxZ ek/; ewy eku

f'k[kj eku  I 
=   Irms = 0 
2  2

Example 3:
;fn ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa /kkjk fuEu lehdj.k }kjk iznf'kZr gS& i = 5 sin (300t – π/4)
;gk¡ t lsd.M esa gS rFkk ;fn i ,fEi;j esa gS] Kkr fdft,
(a) /kkjk dk f'k[kj rFkk oxZ ek/; ewy eku
(b) izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fÙk
(c) vkSlr /kkjk
Solution:
(a) i = i0sin (ωt ± φ)
∴ f'k[kjeku i0 = 5 A
i0 5
vkSj irms = = = 3.535 A
2 2
(b) izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fr ω = 300 rad/s
ω 300
∴ f= = ≈ 47.75 Hz
2π 2π
2 2
(c)=iav =  i0  =  ( 5 ) 3.18 A
π π
Sarvam Career Institute 145
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 4:
,d fo|qr ghVj 220&V] 60&Hz fctyh vkiwfrZ ls 2-5 A /kkjk ysrk gSA Kkr djks
(a) vkSlr /kkjk (b) /kkjk ds oxZ dk vkSlr
(c) /kkjk dk vk;ke (c) vkiwfrZ foHko dk vk;ke
Solution:
2
AC ifjiFk esa yacs le; ds varjky ij /kkjk dk vkSlr eku 'kwU; gksrk gS ysfdu I 'kwU; ugha gksrk gSA RMS /kkjk
I Vmax
=
vkSj foHko dk eku fdlds }kjk fn;k tkrk gS Irms =
max
vkSj Vrms
2 2
(a) T;koØh; AC eku ,d iw.kZ pØ esa vkSlr 'kwU; gksrk gSa
(b) /kkjk dk RMS eku = Irms = 2.5 A

so, (=
I2 )av (=
Irms )
2
6.25A 2
I0
(c) Irms = =
; vr% vkjksfir /kkjk dk vk;ke I0 2Irms
= = 3.5A
2(2.5A)
2
Vm
(d) Vrms = 220V = =
; vr: vkjsfir oksYVrk dk vk;ke Vm 2 ( Vrms )
= 2(220V) = 311 V
2

Example 5:
π π 3π
/kkjk dk RMS eku Kkr dhft, I = Im sin ωt from (i) t = 0 ls t = (ii) t = ls t =
ω 2ω 2ω
Solution:
AC ifjiFk esa le; varjky 0 ≤ t ≤ T esa /kkjk dk RMS eku gS
∫ 0T I2dt ∫ 0T I02 sin2 (ωτ)dt I0 2π
Irms
= = = = whereT
∫ 0T dt ∫ 0T dt 2 ω
π
∫ 0ω Im2 sin2 (ωt)dt Im2 Im
Irms
(i) = = =
π 2 2
ω
3π
∫ 2πω Im2 sin2 (ωt)dt
Im2 Im
(ii) Irms = 2ω = = A
π 2 2
ω

Example 6:
;fn I = 2 t ,fEi;j gS rks t = 2 lsd.M ls 4 lsd.M rd vkSlr ,oa oxZ ek/; ewy eku dh x.kuk dhft;sA
Solution:
4

∫2 tdt 3
4 (t 2 )24 2 ∫
4
(2 t )2 dt ∫
4
4t dt 4
 t2 
<I>= 2
= = 8 − 2 2  rFkk Irms = 2
= 2
= 2  = 2 3 A
4
3 (t)24 3   4
2  2 2
∫ dt ∫2
dt
2

146 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 7:
Hkkjr esa vkoklh; {ks= esa fo|qr lIykbZ 220V, 50Hz gSA Kkr djs &
(i) oksYVrk dk oxZ ek/; ewy eku
(ii) ,d v)Z pØ esa oksYVrk dk oxZ ek/; ewy eku
(iii) rkR{kf.kd oksYVrk ds fy, lehdj.k
Solution:
(i) Vrms = 220 V
V0
(ii) Vrms = or V0 = 2 Vrms = 2 × 220 = 311 V
2
∴ Vav = 0.637 V0 = 0.637 × 311 = 198 V
(iii) V = V0 sin ωt = V0 sin (2π ft) = 311 sin (2π × 50t) or V = 311 sin (100πt)

Example 8:
;fn ,d rkj esa izokfgr a ,Eih;j eku dh fn"V /kkjk ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk I = b sinωt ij v/;kjksfir dh tk;s rks
ifjiFk esa ifj.kkeh /kkjk dk izHkkoh eku fdruk gksxk ?
I I
a DC b AC
+ =?
t t

Solution:
fdlh {k.k ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk
I = IDC + IAC = a + b sin ωt
T T T
1 2 1 1
T ∫0 T ∫0 T ∫0
∴ Ieff
= = I dt t)2 dt
(a +bsinω= (a2 + 2absinωt + b2 sin2 ωt)dt

T
1
T
1 1
ysfdu
T0∫ sin ωt dt = 0 rFkk ∫ sin2 ω tdt =
T0 2
1
Ieff
∴ = a 2 + b2
2

Example 9:
;fn rkRdkfyd /kkjk i = 4 sin ωt + 3 cos ωt }kjk nh xbZ gS rks vk/ks pØ esa vkSlr vkSj RMS /kkjk D;k gS
Solution:
=i i0 sin(ωt + φ) /kkjk ds fn, x, O;atd dks ekud :i tgka i0 ifjiFk eas vf/kdre /kkjk gS
fn;k gS=i 4sin ωt + 3cos ωt
4 3 
= 5  sin ωt + cos ω=
t  5sin(ωt + α )
5 5 
4 3
;gk¡ cos α = rFkk sin α =
5 5
=i i0 sin(ωt + φ) lss rqyuk djus ij
 5   10 
i0 =5A ⇒ irms =  A;iavg = π  A
 2  
Sarvam Career Institute 147
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
lkj.kh : 1. dqN egRoiw.kZ rjaxs vkSj muds oxZ ek/; ewy eku rFkk vkSlr eku&
rjax :i dh izd`fr dk ewY; rjax-:i oxZ ek?; eku vkSlr eku
T;koØh; I Ι0 2Ι 0
+ = 0.707 I0 = 0.637 I0
0 ωt 2 π
π – 2π

v)Zrjax fn"Vdkjh I Ι0 Ι0
= 0.5 I0 = 0.318 I0
0 ωt 2 π
π 2π

iw.kZ rjax fn"Vdkjh I Ι0 2Ι 0

= 0.707 I0 = 0.637 I0
0 ωt 2 π
π 2π

oxZdkj rFkk vk;rkdkj I I0 I0

+
ωt
–

vkjh nar rjax I Ι0 Ι0

0 π 2π ωt 2
3

6. çR;korhZ jkf'k;ksa dk ifjekiu

izR;korhZ /kkjk dsoy Å"eh; izHkko n'kkZrh gSA tSls dh izR;korhZ /kkjk ds ekiu ds fy, tks ehVj mi;ksx fd;k
tkrk gS og Å"eh; izHkko ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gS] vkSj mudks xeZ rkj ehVj (hot wire meters) dgrs gSA

• izR;korhZ /kkjk rFkk fn"V /kkjk dk ekiu

AC dk ekiu DC dk ekiu
1 lHkh AC ehVj, oxZ ek/; ewy eku dk iBu djrs lHkh DC ehVj, vkSlr eku dk iBu djrs gSA
gSA
2 lHkh AC ehVj, /kkjk ds Å"eh; izHkko ij vk/kkfjr lHkh DC ehVj, /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko ij vk/kkfjr
gksrs gSA gksrs gSA
3 xeZ rkj ehVj esa fo{ksi.k DC ehVj esa fo{ksi.k
2
θ ∝ Ιrms (1 : 4 : 9 : 16) θ∝I (1 : 2 : 3 : 4)

(vjs[kh; iSekuk) (jS[kh; iSekuk)

4 AC ehVj AC rFkk DC nksuksa eku i<+ ldrk gSA DC ehVj dsoy DC eku i<+ ldrk gSA D;ksfd AC
dk vkSlr eku 'kwU; gSA

Example 10:
D;ks ,d fn"V /kkjk oksYVehVj rFkk fn"V /kkjk vehVj izR;korhZ /kkjk dk ekiu ugh dj ldrk&
Solution:
fn"V /kkjk oksYVehVj rFkk vehVj /kkjk ds pqEcdh; izHkko ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSA tksfd vkSlr eku dk ekiu djrs
gSA AC dk vkSlr eku iw.kZ pØ esa 'kwU; gksrk gSA vr% DC ehVj esa ikB~;kad lnSo 'kwU; vkrk gSA
148 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Exercise 1.2

1. izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa fo|qr okgd cy vFkok /kkjk 6. izR;korhZ /kkjk (T;koØh;) ds v)Z vkorZ dky ds
dk ,d iw.kZ pØ ds fy;s vkSlr eku gksrk gSa - fy, vkSlr eku Ι0 ds inksa esa gksrk gSa -
(1) f'k[kj eku / 2 (2) 0 2I 0 I0
(1) (2)
(3) f'k[kj eku (4) bueas ls dksbZ ugh π π
I0
(3) (4) 0
2. E1 = E0 sin ωt o E2 = E0 cos ωt }kjk iznf'kZr 2
izR;korhZ foHkoksa ds v/;kjksi.k ls mRiUu foHko dk
oxZ ekè; ewy eku gksxk - 7. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk i = i1 cos ωt + i2 sin ωt ds fy,
(1) E0 oxZ ek/; ewy /kkjk gksxh -
(2) 2E0 1 1 2
(1) (i1 + i2) (2) (i1 + i2)
2 2
(3) E0 2
1 2 2 1/2 1 2 2 12
(4) 0 (3) (i1 + i2 ) (4) (i1 − i2 )
2 2

3. ,d 1000 Ω izfrjks/k okyh ,d feDlh 200 V o

i0 t
50 pDdj@ls- okyh izR;korhZ vkiwfrZ ls la;ksftr 8. ,d ifjiFk esa fdlh le; /kkjk] lehdj.k }kjk
τ
gSa] rks feDlh ij vkSlr foHkokUrj dk eku gksxk -
nh tkrh gSA /kkjk dk oxZ ek/;ewy eku] le; t =
(izfr pØ)
0 ls t = τ ds e/; gksxk -
(1) 308 V
i0 i0
(2) 264 V (1) (2)
2 3
(3) 220 V
(4) 0 i0 i0
(3) (4)
2 3

4. fdlh 50 gVZt vko`fr dh izR;korhZ /kkjk dk oxZ

9. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk L=ksr tks fd 220 V o 50 Hz
ek/; ewy eku 10 A gSA vr% /kkjk }kjk 'kwU; ls
dk gS] blds fy, ek/; oksYVrk dk eku 0.01 s
vf/kdre eku rd ig¡qpus esa fy;k x;k le; ,oa
lSd.M+ le; vUrjky esa -
/kkjk dk vfèkdre eku Øe'k% gksxk -
–2 (1) 'kwU; gksxk (2) 'kwU; gks ldrk gS
(1) 2 × 10 sec ,oa 14.14 amp
20
–2
(2) 1 × 10 sec ,oa 7.07 amp (3) dHkh 'kwU; ugha gS (4) oksYV gS
2
–3
(3) 5 × 10 sec ,oa 7.07 amp
–3
(4) 5 × 10 sec ,oa 14.14 amp 10. le; ds lkFk ,d çR;korhZ fo|qr okgd cy esa
ifjorZu fn;s x;s fuEu fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA
5. fdlh ifjiFk esa a.c. /kkjk ,oa d.c. /kkjk ,d lkFk vkjs[k ds Nk;kafdr Hkkx ds fy, fo|qr okgd cy
izokfgr dh tk, rFkk /kkjk dk rkR{kf.kd eku dk vkSlr eku D;k gS \
lEcU/k Ι = 3 + 6 sin ωt }kjk fn;k tk;s rks /kkjk 314
dk oxZek/; ewy eku gksxk
e(volt)

0.1
(1) 3 (2) 6 t(s)
0.2
(3) 3 2 (4) 3 3
–314

Sarvam Career Institute 149

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
7. dykUrj vkSj dyk:i vkjs[k
7.1 dyk
I = I0 sin (ωt + φ)
izkjfEHkd dyk = φ (le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr ugh)
rkR{kf.kd dyk = ωt + φ (le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr)
• dyk eku vkSj fpUg nksuksa dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gSA
• ek=d : jsfM;u

7.2 dykUrj
V = V0 sin ( ωt + φ1), I = I0 sin (ωt +φ2)
• V ds lkis{k I dk dykUrj φ = φ2 – φ 1
• I ds lkis{k V dk dykUrj φ = φ1 – φ 2

7.3 i'pxkeh rFkk vxzxkeh ladYiuk

(a) V, I ls vkxs ;k I, V ls ihNs vFkkZr~ V, I ls igys vf/kdre eku ij igq¡prk gSA
V,I
I = I0 sin (ωt–φ)
ωt

V=V0 sin ωt
ekuk fd ;fn V = V0 sin ωt rks I = I0 sin (ωt – φ)
,oa ;fn V = V0 sin (ωt+φ ) rks I = I0 sin ωt

(b) V, I ls ihNs ;k I, V ls vkxs vFkkZr V, I ds i'pkr~ vf/kdre eku ij igq¡prk gSA

V,I I=I0 sin(ωt + φ)

V = V0 sin ωt
ekuk fd ;fn V = V0 sin ωt rks I = I0 sin (ωt + φ)
,oa ;fn V = V0 sin (ωt – φ ) rks I = I0 sin ωt

7.4 dyk vkSj dyk :i vkjs[k

,d vkjs[k, tks izR;korhZ /kkjk vkSj oksYVrk ¼leku vko`fr½ dks lfn'k ¼Qstj½ :i esa muds e/; dyk dks.k ds lkFk
iznf'kZr djrk gS] dyk vkjs[k dgykrk gSA
Y
V
I0 φ V0
ωt
X
ekuk fd V = V0 sin ωt ,oa I = I0 sin (ωt +φ)
fp= esa Qstj dks nks rhj }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA Qstj dh yEckbZ jkf'k (/kkjk@oksYVrk) ds vf/kdre eku dks
iznf'kZr djrh gSA Qstj dk y-v{k ij iz{ksi jkf'k ds rkR{kf.kd eku dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
150 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
8. izR;korhZ /kkjk ds ykHk
• izR;korhZ /kkjk] fn"V /kkjk ls lLrh gSA
• bls fn"Vdkjh }kjk vklkuh ls fn"V /kkjk esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA
• bls pksd dq.Myh ls vklkuh ls fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• bls vYi ÅtkZ {k; ds lkFk vf/kd nwjh rd izsf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• bls VªkUlQkeZj }kjk mPpk;h ;k vipk;h fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Example 11:
π
izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk lehdj.k I = 4sin 100π t +  ,fEi;j gSA rks fuEu dh x.kuk dhft;sA
 3
(i) oxZ ek/; ewy eku (ii) f'k[kj eku (iii) vko`fÙk (iv) izkjfEHkd dyk
(v) t = 0 ij /kkjk
Solution:
I0 4
(i) Irms = = = 2 2A
2 2
(ii) f'k[kj eku I0 = 4 A
100π
(iii)  ω = 100 π rad/s ∴ vko`fr f = = 50 Hz
2π
π
(iv) izkjfEHkd dyk =
3
 π 3
(v) At t = 0, I = 4sin 100π× 0 +  = 4 × A
 3 2

Example 12:
π
;fn I = I0 sin ωt rFkk E = E0 cos ωt +  gS rks E vkSj I ds e/; dykUrj Kkr dhft;sA
 3
Solution:
π π
I = I0 sin ωt rFkk E = E0sin  + ωt + 
 2 3
 π π  5π
∴ dykUrj =  +  =
2 3 6

Exercise 1.3

1. fdlh fo|qr ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ foHko dk L=ksr 2. fdlh ifjiFk esa oS|qr okgd cy ,oa /kkjk ds eku
tqMk gS] ftldk vf/kdre eku 170 oksYV gSA 45° Øe'k% fuEu gS
dyk dks.k ij foHko dk eku gksxk - E = 12 sin (100πt); Ι = 4 sin (100πt + π / 3) rks–
(1) 120.56 oksYV (1) /kkjk] fo|qrokgd cy ls 60° vxzxkeh gS
(2) 110.12 oksYV (2) /kkjk] fo|qrokgd cy ls 60° i'pxkeh gS
(3) 240 oksYV (3) fo|qrokgd cy /kkjk ls 60° vxzxkeh gS
(4) 'kwU; (4) /kkjk ,oa fo|qrokgd cy ds e/; dykUrj 'kwU; gS

Sarvam Career Institute 151

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
3. ,d oksYVrk dh T;koØh; rjax 'kwU; ls vf/kdre 6. izR;korhZ /kkjk ekius okys ehVj dkSulk eku ekirs
100 oksYV rd cnyrh gSA pØ ds 30° ds dyk gSa
dks.k ij oksYVrk gksxh - (1) oxZ ek/; ewy eku
(1) 70.7 oksYV (2) f'k[kj eku
(2) 50 oksYV (3) oxZ ek/; eku
(3) 109 oksYV (4) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugh
(4) – 100 oksYV
7. izR;korhZ /kkjk ekid ehVj fo|qr /kkjk ds fdl xq.k
4. ;fn izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vkofrZ 60 gVZ~t gks] rks 60° ij vk/kkfjr gksrs gSa –
ds dyk dks.k ls lEcfU/kr le; vUrjky gS- (1) Å"eh; izHkko (2) pqEcdh; izHkko
(1) 60 s (3) jklk;fud izHkko (4) fo|qr pqEcdh; izHkko
(2) 1 s
(3) 1/60 s 8. 50 Hz vko`fÙk çR;korhZ /kkjk ds fy;s] 'kwU; ls oxZ
(4) 1/360 s ek/; ewy eku rd ifjorZu ds fy;s vko';d le;
Kkr dhft,A
5. izR;korhZ /kkjk dks D.C. vehVj ls ugha ekik tk
ldrk] D;ksafd - 9. ,d ifjiFk esa /kkjk rFkk oksYVst dks fuEu lehdj.k
(1) izR;korhZ /kkjk] vehVj esa ls ugha xqtj ldrh esa fn;k tkrk gS &
(2) ,d lEiw.kZ pØ ds fy;s /kkjk dk vkSlr eku i = 3.5 sin (628t + 30°) A,
'kwU; gksrk gSa V = 28 sin (628t – 30°) volt
(3) izR;korhZ /kkjk dh dqN ek=k] vehVj esa u"V Kkr dhft;s :&
gks tkrh gSa (a) /kkjk dk vkorZdky
(4) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha (b) oksYVst rFkk /kkjk ds e/; dykUrj

9. 'kq) izfrjks/k ;qDr izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk

ekukfd fdlh le; t ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk = Ι R
izfrjks/k R ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj = ΙR
fdjpkWQ ds fu;e dh lgk;rk ls E – ΙR = 0 I V = IR
E0
⇒ E0sin ωt = Ι R ⇒ I = sin ωt = I0sin ωt E = E0 sin ωt
R
E0
⇒ I0 = (max)
R
E = E0 sin ωt
E and I
I = I0 sin ωt

O π 3π/2 ωt
π/2 2π

'kq) izfrjks/k ;qDr izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa /kkjk ,oa oksYVrk ,d gh dyk esa gksrh gSA vr% fp= esa nksuksa Qstj (lfn'k) E0
rFkk Ι0 ,d gh fn'kk esa gS] tks OX ls ωt dks.k ij gSa buds Y-v{k ij iz{ksi /kkjk rFkk oksYVrk ds rkR{kf.kd ekuksa dks
O;Dr djrs gSA
vFkkZr~ Ι = Ι0 sin ωt rFkk E = E0 sin ωt Y
P
E Ι E E E0
 Ι 0 = 0 , vr% 0 = 0 ωt
R 2 R 2 I I0
Erms ωt X
;k Ιrms = O
R
152 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 13:
,d 60 W dk izdk'k cYc 220 V lIykbZ ds lkFk tqMk gqvk gS Kkr fdft, (a) cYc dk izfrjks/k (b) L=ksr dh
f'k[kj oksYVrk rFkk (c) cYc eas ls izokfgr rms /kkjk&
Solution:
(a) gesa fn;k x;k gS P = 60 W rFkk V = 220 V
cYc dk izfrjks/k gS&
V2 ( 220 )2
=
R = = 807.67 Ω
P 60
(b) L=ksr dh f'k[kj oksYVrk
=V0 =
2 Vrms 311 V
(c) pqfd P = I V
P 60
I
= = = 0.27 A
V 220

10. 'kq} izsjdRo ;qDr izR;korhZ ifjiFk

,d ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ oksYVrk L=ksr ls 'kq) izsjdRo dks ¼ftldk izfrjks/k 'kwU; gS½ fp=kuqlkj
la;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA ekukfd izR;korhZ fo-ok-c-
E = E0 sin ωt E = E0 sin ωt
dΙ
tc ifjiFk ls izR;korhZ /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gS rks izsjdRo ds fljksa ij izsfjr fo-ok-c- = −L
dt
_.k fpUg O;Dr djrk gS fd izsfjr fo-ok-c- vkjksfir fo-ok-c- dk fojks/k djrk gSA
pwafd ifjiFk esa izsjdRo ds vykok vU; dksbZ vo;o ugha gS
vr% fdjpkWQ ds ifjiFk fu;e dh lgk;rk ls
 dΙ 
E +  −L  =0
 dt 
dΙ
⇒ E =L E = E0 sin ωt
dt E and I
E0  π
=
⇒ Ι sin  ωt −  π/2 π 3π/2 ωt
ωL  2 2π
E0  π
vf/kdre =
/kkjk Ι sin  ωt −  I = I0 sin(ωt–π/2)
ωL  2
π
vr% Ι = Ι0 sin  ωt − 
 2
π
'kq) iszjdh; ifjiFk esa /kkjk] fo|qr okgd cy ls dks.k ihNs jgrh gSA
2
π
vFkok izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- lnSo /kkjk dh rqyuk esa dks.k ls dyk esa vkxs jgrh gSA
2
E0
Ι0 = fcYdqy I = E/R dh Hkkafr gh gSA
ωL
Sarvam Career Institute 153
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
;g ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ /kkjk ds izokg esa ck/kk O;Dr djrk gS rFkk ifjiFk dh izsjdh; izfr?kkr (XL) dgykrk gSA
XL = ωL = 2 π f L ;gka f = izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fÙk Y P
E0
E
XL dh bdkbZ : vkse
–1
(ωL) = L dh bdkbZ × ω dh bdkbZ = gsujh × lsd.M ωt X
O
okYsV −1 okYsV π/2–ωt
= × ls -= = vkse
,fEi;j / ls - ,fEi;j
I I
Q0
E=E0 sin ωt
izsjdh; izfr?kkr XL ∝ f
I= I0 cos ωt
izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fÙk vf/kd gksus ij izsjdRo dk izfr?kkr Hkh vf/kd
gksrk gSA
XL
'kq) fn"V èkkjk ifjiFk ds fy;s f = 0
∴ XL = ωL = 2 π f L = 0
vr% DC ifjiFk esa izsjdRo }kjk /kkjk ds izokg esa dksbZ ck/kk mRiUu ugha gksrh gSA f

Example 14:
50 µH izsjdRo dk ,d vkn'kZ iszjd 220 V, 50 Hz ds ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk L=ksr ls tqMk gqvk gSA izsjdh; izfr?kkr Kkr
fdft,&
Solution:
XL = ωL = 2πfL
–6
= 2 × π × 50 × 50 × 10
–4
= 2π × 25 × 10 Ω
–3
= 5π × 10 Ω = 5π mΩ

Example 15:
fp= esa iznf'kZr ifjiFk esa V = 50 2 sin 100πt oksYV rFkk vehVj dk ikB~;kad 2 A gS rks L dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
L

V
Solution:
Vrms = Irms XL
 vehVj dk ikB~;kad = Irms

Vrms V0 50 2
XL = = = = 25 Ω
Irms 2 Irms 2 ×2
XL 25 1
⇒ L= = = H
ω 100π 4π

154 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
11. 'kq) /kkfjrk ;qDr izR;korhZ ifjiFk
ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- ds lkFk C /kkfjrk dk la/kkfj= la;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA C
ekuk fd ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- E = E0 sin ωt
tc la/kkfj= ds fljksa ij izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gS rks ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ /kkjk
izokfgr gksrh gSA
E=E0 sinωt
la/kkfj= dh nksuksa ifêdk,s fujUrj Øfed #i ls /kukosf'kr rFkk _.kkosf'kr gksrh jgrh gS rFkk
ifêdkvks ij vkos'k dk ifjek.k le; ds lkFk T;koØh; #i ls (sinosudally) ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gS vr% ifêdkvks
ds e/; fo|qr {ks= Hkh le; ds lkFk T;koØh; #i ls ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gSA ekukfd fdlh le; ij t ij la/kkfj=
ij vkos'k = q
q
la/kkfj= ij rkR{kf.kd foHkokUrj E =
C E=E0 sinωt
⇒ q=CE ⇒ q = CE0 sin ωt E and I
/kkjk dk rkR{kf.kd eku π
O ωt
dq d π/2 3π/2 2π
I= = (CE0 sin ωt) = CE0ωcos ωt
dt dt I=I0 sin(ωt+π/2)
E0  π  π
⇒ I= sin  ωt +  = I0 sin  ωt + 
( 1 / ωC )  2  2
V0
tgak Ι0 = ωCV0 =
XC P
'kq) /kkfjrh; ifjiFk esa /kkjk dh dyk fo-ok-c- dh rqyuk esa π/2 dks.k ls vkxs jgrh E E0
π Q
gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa izR;korhZ fo-ok-c-] izR;korhZ /kkjk ls dyk esa dks.k ls ihNs jgrk I0 I
2 90°
ωt
gSA O

fopkj.kh; fcUnq
E
tc E o Ι nksuksa ,d gh dyk esa gks rks , izfrjks/k R dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA bl fLFkfr f
Ι
π 1 XC
esa buesa dk dykarj gS] vr% ifjiFk dk izfrjks/k ugha gSA 'kq) /kkfjrh; ifjiFk esa
2 ωC
/kkjk ds izokg esa ck/kk la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr dgykrh gSA bls XC ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSSA
1 1
XC = =
ωC 2πfC

XC dh bdkbZ : vkse
/kkfjrh; izfr?kkr izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fÙk ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gSA vko`fÙk c<+us ds lkFk XC dk eku de gksrk
gSA
bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd tSls&tSls vko`fÙk esa o`f) gksrh gS] la/kkfj= /kkjk izokg ds lkFk vf/kd 'kh?kzrk ls vkosf'kr
rFkk fujkosf'kr gksrk gSA

fn"V /kkjk ifjiFk ds fy, f = 0

1
∴ XC = =∞
2πfC
fdUrq izR;korhZ /kkjk ds fy, bldk eku cgqr de gksrk gSA
blls ;g Li"V gS fd la/kkfj= fn"V èkkjk dks vo#) djrk gS rFkk izR;korhZ /kkjk ds fy, lqxe iFk izLrqr djrk
gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 155
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 16:
50 pF dk ,d la/kkfj=] 1 KHz ds izR;korhZ L=ksr ls tqM+k gqvk gS rks bldk izfr?kkr Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
1 1 107
XC = = = Ω
ωC 2π× 103 × 50 × 10−12 π

12. vyx&vyx ?kVdks dk rqYukRed v/;;u (R or L or C)

TERM R L C
R L
ifjiFk C

oksYVrk vkiwfrZ V=V0 sin ωt V=V0 sin ωt V=V0 sin ωt

 π  π
/kkjk I = I0 sin ωt I = I0 sin  ωt –  I = I0 sin  ωt + 
 2  2
V0 V0 V0
f'k[kj /kkjk I0 = I0 = I0 = =V0ωC
R ωL 1 / ωC
V0 V0 V0 1
izfrck/kk (Ω) =R =ωL =XL = = XC
Ι0 Ι0 Ι 0 ωC
V0 Vrms
Z= = R =izfrjks/k XL = izsjdh; izfr/kkr XC = /kkfjrh; izfr/kkr
Ι 0 Ι rms
π π
dykUrj 'kwU; (leku dyk es)a + (V, I ls vkxs) – (V, I ls ihNs)
2 2
V I
dyk I

vkjs[k V
I V
R
XL f
Z dk f ds lkFk
ifjorZu f XL∝ f
R, f ij fuHkZj ugha f XC
djrk gSA
G,SL,SC
G=1/R= pkydrk SL= 1/XL SC= 1/XC
(Egks, lkbeu)

L ls DC vklkuh ls izokfgr C fn"V /kkjk dks jksdrk gS (D;ksfd XC =

;qfDr dk fn"V gks tkrh gSA (D;ksafd XL = 0) ∞) tcfd mPp vko`fÙk okyk A.C. ds
/kkjk ,oa izR;korhZ AC o DC esa leku tcfd mPp vko`fr dh A.C. fy, lqxe iFk miyC/k djrk gSA
/kkjk esas O;ogkj ds fy, vf/kd izfrck/kk  1
 XC ∝ 
mRiUu djrk gSA (xL ∝ f)  f

vkse dk fu;e VR = IR VL = IXL VC = IXC

156 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Exercise 1.4

1. fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk xzkQ n'kkZrk gSa fd ,d 5. 0.1 gsujh izsjdRo dh dq.Myh dks izR;korhZ oksYVrk
'kq) izfrjks/kd esa] foHko vkSj /kkjk leku dyk esa gSa\ tfu= ls tksM+k x;k gS] ftlls mRiUu oksYVrk
E = 100 sin (100t) oksYV gS] dq.Myh esa izokfgr
im i
/kkjk gksxh-
ωt (1) Ι = 10 2 sin (100t) A
(1) O π
Vm 2π V (2) Ι = 10 2 cos (100t) A
(3) Ι = – 10 sin (100t) A
Vm (4) Ι = – 10 cos (100t) A
V
im i
2π 6. ,d dq.Myh dh 50 Hz vko`fÙk ij izfr?kkr 100 Ω
(2) O π ωt
gS rks 150 Hz vko`fÙk ij izfr?kkr gksxk -
(1) 100 Ω (2) 300 Ω
(3) 450 Ω (4) 600 Ω
Vm V i
im
2π 7. 'kq) izsjdh; ifjiFk esa vko`fÙk f o 1/XL ds chp oØ
(3) O π ωt gksxk –

1
Vm V (1) XL

(4) O ωt
π f
2π
im i

1
2. tc 60 Hz vko`fÙk dh izR;korhZ /kkjk L = 1 mH ds (2) XL
izsjdRo esa ls izokfgr gks jgh gS] rks ∆VL= 0.6 V gS
rks izR;korhZ /kkjk gS – f
1 5
(1) A (2) A
π π 1
50 20
(3) A (4) A (3) XL
π π

f
3. ,d dq.Myh dk izsjdRo 0.5 gsujh gSaA blesa
0.2 ,sEih;j o 50 Hz dh izR;korhZ /kkjk izokfgr dh
1
tkrh gSa] rks ifjiFk dk izfr?kkr gksxk - (4) XL
(1) 15.7 Ω (2) 157 Ω
(3) 1.57 Ω (4) 0.157 Ω f

4. ,d dq.Myh dk izsjdh; izfr?kkr 1000 Ω vkse gSA 8. ,d çR;korhZ oksYVst E = 200 2 sin(100t) ,d
;fn blds Loiszj.k dks nqxquk vkSj vko`fÙk dks Hkh
AC ,ehVj ds lkFk 1 µF la/kkfj= ls tqM+k gksrk gSA
nqxquk dj nssa rks izsjdh; izfr?kkr gksxk -
,ehVj dk ikB~;kad gksxk\
(1) 1000 Ω (2) 2000 Ω
(1) 10 mA (2) 20 mA
(3) 4000 Ω (4) 16000 Ω (3) 40 mA (4) 80 mA
Sarvam Career Institute 157
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
9. ,d 60 µF la/kkfj= 10 V, 60 Hz AC vkiwfrZ ls 16. izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa 'kq) la/kkfj= gS ftlesa AC
tqM+k gSA ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk rms eku gS fo- ok- cy e = 100 sin (1000t) oksYV vkjksfir
(1) 2 A (2) 2.49 A fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn /kkjk dk f'k[kj eku 200 mA
(3) 1.85 A (4) 2.05 A gS rks la/kkfj= dk eku gksxk-
(1) 2 µF (2) 20 µF
10. ;fn izR;korhZ /kkjk i = im sinωt ,d la/kkfj= esa (3) 5 µF (4) 500µF
izokfgr gS] rks la/kkfj= C ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj 17. 20 Ω çfrjks/k ds fljks ij V = 60 sin πt oksYV
∆VC gksxk ? yxk;k tkrk gSA çfrjks/k ds Js.kh esa yxs çR;korhZ
i
(1) – m sinωt
i
(2) – m cosωt
vehVj dk ikB;kad fdruk gksxk \
ωC ωC
i  π im  π 18. 10 µH ds çsjdRo ls E = 100 sin (1000t) oksYV
(3) − m sin  ωt +  (4) sin  ωt −  dk çR;korhZ L=ksr tqM+k gSA rks blls tkus okyh
ωC  4 ωC  4
/kkjk dk lehdj.k fyf[k,A
11. izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa 5 µF la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr
19. ,d çR;korhZ oksYVrk E = 200 2 sin (100t) V dks
1000 Ω gSA izR;korhZ /kkjk dh vko`fr gksxh&
2 H ds çsjd dq.Myh ds lkFk ,d çR;korhZ vehVj
1000 100 ij yxk;k x;k gS rks vehVj dk ikB;kad D;k
(1) cycle/s (2) cycle/s
π π gksxk\
(3) 200 cycle/s (4) 5000 cycle/s
20. 15.0 µF dk dksbZ la/kkfj= 220 V, 50 Hz L=ksr ls
12. ,d la/kkfj= dks nks vyx izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa la;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA /kkfjrh; çfr?kkr rFkk
iz;ksx esa ykrs gSa] rks /kkjrh; izfr?kkr dk eku /kkjk ifjiFk esa (rms o f'k[kj) /kkjk Kkr dhft,A ;fn
dh vko`fÙk& vko`fÙk nksxquh dj nh tk, rks /kkfjrh; çfr?kkr o
(1) ds lekuqikrh gksrk gS /kkjk ij D;k çeko iM+xs k\
(2) ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gS
21. ,d 60 µF dk la/kkfj= 110 V, 60 Hz a.c. vkiwfrZ
(3) ij fuHkZj ugh djrk
ls tksM+k x;k gSA ifjiFk esa /kkjk ds oxZ ek/; ewy
(4) ds oxZ ds O;qRØekuqikrh gksrk gS eku dks Kkr dhft,A
13. izR;korhZ /kkjk dh dyk fo- ok- cy dh dyk ls 22. fn;k x;k vkjs[k (a) rFkk (b) çR;korhZ /kkjk ds
π/2 dks.k ls vxzxkeh gSa] tc ifjiFk esa - çokg esa ifjiFk }kjk vkjksfir vojks/k rFkk vkjksfir
(1) dsoy izfrjks/k fo|eku gks fo- ok- cy dh vko`fÙk esa ifjorZu n'kkZrk gSA çR;sd
(2) dsoy la/kkfj= fo|eku gks vkjs[k ds laxr ifjiFk vo;o igpkfu,A
(3) dsoy izsjdRo dq.Myh fo|eku gks /kkjk çokg
(4) izfrjks/k ,oa la/kkfj= nksuksa gks esa fojks/k

14. ,d la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr n1 vko`fÙk ds fy;s X1 vkSj

n2 vko`fÙk ds fy;s X2 gks] rks X1 : X2 gksxk - O vko`fÙk
(1) 1 : 1 (2) n1 : n2 (a)
2 2
(3) n2 : n1 (4) n1 : n2 /kkjk çokg
esa fojks/k
15. ,d /kkfjrh;] izR;korhZ ifjiFk 1000 jsfM;u@ls-
dh vko`fÙk ls tqM+k gSA ;fn la/kkfj= dh /kkfjrk
1µF gS rks /kkjrh; izfr?kkr dk eku gksxk -
O vko`fÙk
(1) 10 Ω (2) 100 Ω
(3) 1000 Ω (4) 10,000 Ω (b)
158 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
13. izfrjks/k rFkk izsjdRo dk Js.khla;kstu (L-R ifjiFk)
izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- ds L=ksr ds Js.khØe esa izfrjks/k R rFkk izsjdRo L dk la;kstu fp= esa iznf'kZr gSA
ekukfd le; t ij ifjiFk esa fo-ok-c- E gSA
R L

E = E0 sin ωt
L-R ifjiFk ds fy, dyk vkjs[k
ekukfd LR Js.kh ifjiFk esa vkjksfir izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- E = E0 sin ωt
R rFkk L Js.khØe esa gS vr% fdlh Hkh {k.k bu nksuksa ls izokfgr /kkjk dk eku leku gksxkA
ekukfd fdlh {k.k ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk Ι gSA bl {k.k ij L ,oa R ds fljksa ij foHkokarj Q R
Øe'k% VL ,oa VR gS rks VL = ΙXL rFkk VR = ΙR VL E
vc VR /kkjk dh dyk esa gksxk tcfd VL /kkjk dh dyk esa π / 2 dks.k ls vkxs gksxkA vr%
φ
VR rFkk VL ijLij yEcor~ gksaxsA (;gka ;g le>us ;ksX; gS fd VR rFkk VL dk ;ksx vkjksfir O VR P
oksYVrk ds cjkcj ugha gS) dyk vkjs[k fp= esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSaA
;fn OP, VR dks O;Dr djrk gS (;g /kkjk dh dyk esa gh gS), tcfd lfn'k OQ, VL dks O;Dr djrk gS (;g /kkjk adh
rqyuk esa 90° dks.k ls vkxs gS). VR rFkk VL dk ifj.kkeh = lfn'k OR dk ifjek.k E = VR2 + VL2
vr% E2 = VR2 + VL2 = Ι2 (R2 + XL2)
E
⇒I=
R + XL2
2

fp= esa iznf'kZr dyk vkjs[k esa Hkh ;g n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd L-R ifjiFk esa
XL
ZL

φ R

vkjksfir fo-ok-c-] /kkjk ls dyk esa φ ls vkxs gSA

VL ΙXL XL ωL
tan =
φ = = =
VR ΙR R R
–1  ωL 
⇒ φ = tan  
 R 

izjs dh; izfrck/kk ZL

E0
L-R ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk vfèkdre eku tgak R2 + ω2L2 ;g L-R ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ /kkjk izokg esa
R + ω2L2
2

vf/kdre fojksèk O;Dr djrk gSA bldks L-R ifjiFk dh izfrckèkk dgrs gS ,oa bldks ZL ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA
=
ZL R 2 + ω2L2 = R 2 + (2πfL)2
izfrck/kk dk O;qRØe izos';rk (admittance) dgykrk gS
1 1
YL = =
ZL R + ω2L2
2

Sarvam Career Institute 159

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 17:
40 pØ/lsdaM dh vko`fÙk ij 220 V RMS dk ,d izR;korhZ oksYVst 0.01 H ds 'kq) çsjdRo vkSj Js.kh esa 6 Ω ds
'kq) çfrjks/k okys ifjiFk esa vkiwfrZ djrk gSA x.kuk djsa (a) /kkjk] (b) çfrjks/k esa foHkokUrj] (c) çsjdRo esa
foHkokUrj] (d) le; i'prkA
Solution:
Vrms
LR ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk =
Z R 2 + (ωL)2 /kkjk dk RMS eku Irms =
Z
 ωL 
LR ifjiFk esa /kkjk] vkjksfir oksYVrk ls φ dyk φ =tan−1   i'pxkeh gS
 R 
L-R Js.kh ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk
1/2
Z=
2
R 2 + (ωL)2 
1/2
= (R)2 + (2πfL)2 
1/2
= 62 + (2 × 3.14 × 40 × 0.01)2 
= 6.504 Ω
Vrms 220
(a) /kkjk dk RMS eku Irms == = 33.83A
Z 6.504
(b) izfrjks/k ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj VR = Irms × R = 33.83 × 6 = 202.83 V
(c) izsjd ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj
VL = Irms × (ωL) = 33.83 × (2 × 3.14 × 0.01) = 96.83 V
 ωL 
(d) dyk dks.k φ =tan−1  ;
 R 
vr: tan–1 (0.4189) = 22.46
φ 22.46
le; i'pkr = = T= = 0.0623s
360 360

Example 18:
9
,d H dk izsjd okyk vkSj ,d 12 Ω çfrjks/k Js.kh esa 225 V] 50 gVZ~t AC lzksr
100π
ls tqM+s gq, gSaA ifjiFk esa /kkjk rFkk /kkjk ,oa lzksr oksYVst ds chp dyk dks.k dh x.kuk
djsaA
Solution:
9
XL =ωL =2πfL = 2π× 50 × = 9Ω
100π
Z = R 2 + XL2 = 122 + 92 = 15 Ω
V 225
I
(a) = = = 15A
Z 15
−1  XL  −1  9 
(b) φ =tan=   tan =   tan=−1
3 / 4 37
R   12 
dyk esa /kkjk vkjksfir oksYVst ls 370 ihNs gks tk,xhA
160 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 19:
,d yksg ØksM dq.Myh fp= esa n'kkZ, x, vuqlkj ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk L=ksr rFkk ,d fo|qr
cYc ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tqMk gqvk gSA tSls gh ykSgs dk VqdMk dq.Myh esa ls ckgj fudkyk
tk, rc cYc dh ped fdl izdkj ifjorhZr gksxh&
Solution:
tSls gh ykSg NM+ dq.Myh esa ls fudkyh tkrh gS dq.Myh dk Lo izsjdRo ?kVrk gS ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk ?kVrh gS
vr% cYc dh miHkksx 'kfDr c< tkrh gS ¼rFkk cYc dh ped½

Example 20:
tc dq.Myh ij 10 oksYV, fn"V /kkjk vkjksfir djrs gS rks /kkjk dk eku 2.5 ,fEI;j gSA ;fn 10 oksYV, 50 gV~Zt dh
izR;korhZ /kkjk vkjksfir djrs gS rks /kkjk ?kVdj 2 ,Eih;j jg tkrh gS rks dq.Myh ds izfr?kkr dh x.kuk dhft;sA
Solution:
10 oksYV fn"V /kkjk ds fy;s V = IR
10
∴ R (dq.Myh dk izfrjks/k) = = 4Ω
2.5
10 oksYV izR;korhZ foHkokarj ds fy;s V = IZ
V 10
⇒Z= = =5Ω
Ι 2
 Z = R 2 + XL2 = 5
2 2 2 2 2
⇒ R + X L = 25 ⇒ X L=5 –4 ⇒ XL = 3 Ω

Example 21:
160 V ¼RMS½ vkSj 50 gVZ~t ij ,d vkdZ ySai dks lapkfyr djus ds fy, ,d pksd dq.Myh dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA 10 A¼ RMS½ pyus ij vkdZ ySai dk çHkkoh çfrjks/k 5 Ω gksrk gSA pksd dq.Myh ds çsjdRo dh x.kuk djsaA
;fn mlh vkdZ ySai dks 160 V ¼dc½ ij lapkfyr fd;k tkuk gS] rks fdl vfrfjä çfrjks/k dh vko';drk gS\
nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa 'kfDr gkfu dh rqyuk djsaA
Solution:
pksd dq.Myh ,d LR ijfjiFk gS ftlesa mPp çsjdRo vkSj y?kq çfrjks/k gksrk gSA izfrjks/kd vkSj iszjd ds chp
laHkkfor varj dks osDVj :i ls tksM+k tkrk gS
V=
2
VR2 + VL2 Ark lamp
ySai ds fy,, VR = I × R = 10 × 5 = 50 V, vr% tc bls 160 V ac L=ksr pksd
L R
ds lkFk Js.kh esa tksMk tkrk gS rks
V2 =VR2 + VL2 ,VL = 1602 − 502 =152V VL VR
vkSj VL = IXL
⇒=
L
VL
=
152
= 4.84 × 10−2 H ~
2πfI 2 × π× 50 × 10 V=V0 sin ωt
vc ySai dks 160 V dc ij lapkfyr fd;k tkuk gS pksd ds ctk;] ;fn
vfrfjä çfrjks/k R dks blds lkFk Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gS] rks V ¾ I ¼R+r½] ;kuh 160 = 10 ¼5+r½ ;kuh
r = 11 Ω ac ds ekeys esa] D;ksafd pksd esa dksbZ çfrjks/k ugha gS] pksd esa gkfu 'kfDr 'kwU; gksxh] tcfd cYc
2 2
P = I R = 10 × 5 = 500 W dh [kir djsxkA gkyk¡fd] DC ds ekeys esa] D;ksafd pksd ds ctk; çfrjks/k dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkuk gS] çfrjks/k r esa fctyh dh gkfu I2r = 102 × 11 = 1100 W gksxhA
tcfd cYc vHkh Hkh 500 W dh [kir djsxk] ;kuh] tc ySai dks pksd ds ctk; çfrjks/k r ds lkFk pyk;k tkrk
gS] rks ySai }kjk [kir dh xbZ nksxquh ls vf/kd 'kfDr, çfrjks/k }kjk cckZn gks tkrh gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 161
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
14. izfrjks/k rFkk la/kkfj= dk Js.kh la;kstu (R-C ifjiFk)
izR;korhZ fo-ok-c- ds L=ksr ds Js.kh esa ,d izfrjks/k R rFkk ,d laèkkfj= C la;ksftr fd;s x;s gSA fo-ok-c- dk f'k[kj
eku E0 gSA
C R

E = E0 sin ωt

R-C ifjiFk ds fy, dyk vkjs[k

izR;sd {k.k ij izfrjks/k rFkk la/kkfj= ls izokfgr /kkjk dk eku ,d leku gksxk fdUrq C O VR P
rFkk R ds fljksa ij foHkokarj ds rkR{kf.kd eku gS % φ
E=�V2R +V2C
VC = Ι XC rFkk VR = Ι R VC
;gka XC = /kkfjrh; izfr?kkr rFkk I = rkR{kf.kd /kkjk
Q S
VR /kkjk dh dyk esa gksxk tcfd VC dyk esa 90° dks.k ls ihNs gksxk
dyk :i vkjs[k fp= esa iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA
O VR P
lfn'k OP, VR dks O;Dr djrk gS (;g Ι dh dyk esa gS) φ R
π Z=�R2 +X2C
rFkk lfn'k OQ, VC dks O;Dr djrk gS (;g Ι ls dyk esa dks.k ls ihNs gS) VC
2
VR rFkk VQ ds ifjek.kh lfn'k OS dk ifjek.k = vkjksfir fo-ok-c- E Q S
2
vr% V + V =E
R
2
C
2
⇒=E V +V
2
R
2
C

E
⇒ E² = Ι² (R² + XC²) ⇒I=
R + X C2
2

in (R2 + X C2 ) , R–C ifjiFk dk izHkkoh izfrjks/k O;Dr djrk gS bls ifj.kkeh /kkfjrh; izfrck/kk dgrs gSA
vr% R–C ifjiFk esa
2
 1 
ZC = R 2 + X C2 = R2 +  
 ωC 

/kkfjrh; izfrck/kk ZC
RC ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ /kkjk ds izokg esa izLrqr ck/kk R2 + XC2 ls O;Dr gksrh gSA bls R-C ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk
dgrs gS rFkk ZC ls O;Dr djrs gSA dyk vkjs[k ls ;g Hkh Li"V gS fd R-C ifjiFk esa vkjksfir fo- ok- cy /kkjk Ι
dh rqyuk esa ifjiFk esa φ dyk dks.k ls ihNs gSA (vFkok fo-ok-c- E dh rqyuk esa /kkjk Ι dyk esa φ dks.k ls vkxs gSA)
VC X C 1 / ωC 1
tan=
φ = = =
VR R R ωCR
–1  1 
⇒ φ = tan  
 ωCR 

162 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 22:
100
RC Js.kh ifjiFk esa] lzksr dk RMS oksYVst 200 V gS] vkSj bldh vko`fÙk 50 gVZ~t gSA R = 100 Ω,=
C µF rks
π
Kkr dhft,
(a) ifjiFk dk çfrck/kk (b) 'kfDr xq.kkad dks.k 220 V, 50 Hz
(c) 'kfDr xq.kkad (d) /kkjk ~
(e) vf/kdre /kkjk (f) R esa oksYVst
(g) C esa oksYVst (h) R esa vf/kdre oksYVst
C R
(i) C esa vf/kdre oksYVst (j) < P >
(k) < PR > (l) < PC >
Solution:
RC ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk
2
 1 
=
Z R2 +  
 ωC 
Vrms X
RMS /kkjk Irms = ; /kkjk ,oa oksYVrk esa dykdks.k fn;k tkrk gS tan φ = C ; /kkjk ,oa oksYVrk dk RMS eku
Z R
I0 V0
=Irms = vkSj Vrms ds ifjiFk esa mRiUu 'kfDr P = Vrms Irms cos φ
2 2
106
=
XC = 100 Ω
100
(2π50)
π
(a)=
Z R2 + X C2

= 1002 + (100)2 = 100 2 Ω

XC
(b) tan φ= = 1 ∴φ= 45
R
1
= cos=
(c) 'kfDr xq.kkad φ
2
Vrms 200
(d) /kkjk I=
rms = = 2A
Z 100 2
(e) vf/kdre /kkjk =
Ι rms 2 =
2A
= Irms=
(f) R ds fljksa ij oksYVst = VR,rms R 2 × 100 V
= Irms X=
(g) C ds fljksa ij oksYVst = VCrms c 2 × 100 V
(h) R ds fljks ij vf/kdre =
oksYVrk =
2VR,rms 200 V

(i) C ds fljksa ij vf/kdre oks=

YVrk =
2Vcrms 200 V
1
(j) <P> Vrms Irms cos φ = 200 × 2 ×
= W
2
(k) < PR > = I2rmsR = 200 W
(l) < Pc > = 0

Sarvam Career Institute 163

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 23:
dks.kh; vko`fÙk ω dk ,d AC lzksr Js.kh esa ,d çfrjks/kh R vkSj ,d la/kkfj= C esa yxk;k tkrk gSA izkIr /kkjk I
gSA ;fn vc] lzksr dh vko`fÙk dks ω/3 esa cny fn;k tkrk gS ¼ysfdu ogh oksYVst cuk, j[krs gq,½] rks ifjiFk esa
/kkjk vk/kh ikbZ tkrh gSA ewy vko`fÙk ω ij izfr?kkr vkSj çfrjks/k ds vuqikr dh x.kuk djsaA
Solution:
RC ifjiFk dh çfrck/kk gS
2
 1 
=
Z R2 +  
 ωC 
Vrms
RMS /kkjk Irms =
Z
V V
iz'ukuqlkj, =I = 1/2
Z R + (1 / Cω)2 
2

ω I V
vko`fr ds fy, =
3 2 R + (3 / Cω)2  1/2
2
 
(i) in (ii), ls
1 3
i.e.. = R2
Cω 5
22

1/2
3 2
R
X (1 / cω)  5  3
= = =
R R R 5

Example 24:
tc 220 V dk çR;korhZ oksYVst ;qfDr X ds fljksa ij vkjksfir djrs gSa rks ifjiFk esa 0.5 A dh /kkjk çokfgr gksrh
gS rFkk vkjksfir oksYVst dh dyk esa gksrh gSA tc ;gh oksYVst nwljh ;qfDr Y ds fljksa ij vkjksfir djrs gSa rks
ifjiFk esa iqu% leku /kkjk çokfgr gksrh gS ysfdu ;g vkjksfir oksYVst ls π/2 jsfM;u vxzxkeh gksrh gSA
(a) X rFkk Y ;qfDr dk uke fyf[k,A
(b) ifjiFk esa çokfgr /kkjk dh x.kuk dhft, tc ;gh oksYVst X rFkk Y ds Js.kh la;kstu ij vkjksfir djsA
Solution:
(a) X izfrjks/k gS rFkk Y la/kkfj= gSA
(b) nksuksa ;qfDr;ksa esa /kkjk leku gSA(0.5A at 220 volt)
tc R rFkk C Js.khØe ds fljksa ij foHko leku gSa rks]
220
R = XC = = 440 Ω
0.5
Vrms
⇒ Ιrms =
R 2 + X C2
220
Irms =
(440)2 + (440)2
220
= = 0.35 A
440 2

164 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
15. ?kVdksa dk la;kstu (R-L or R-C or L-C)
TERM R-L R-C L-C
ifjiFk R C L C
R L

R rFkk L esa I leku R rFkk C esa I leku L rFkk C esa I leku

dyk vkjs[k VL VR VL
I
I
V
I VC
V=VL –VC (VL >VC )
VR VC
V2 =V2R +V2L V2 =V2R +V2C V=VC –VL (VC >VL )
V ,oa I esa dykUrj V, I ls vkxs V, I ls ihNs V, I ls ihNs (φ = –π/2, if XC > XL)
ifjorZu (φ = 0 to π/2) (φ = –π/2 to 0) V, I ls vkxs (φ = +π/2, if XL > XC)
izfrck/kk Z = R 2 + XL2 Z = R 2 + (X C )2 Z = |XL–XC|

Z dk f ds lkis{k f ↑, rks Z ↑ f ↑, rks Z ↓ f ↑ rks igys Z ↓ fQj

Z Z Z
R R
f f f

vYi vko`fÙk f ij Z = R(XL → 0) Z = XC Z = XC

mPp vko`fÙk f ij Z = XL Z = R(XC → 0) Z = XL

Exercise 1.5

1. iznf'kZr fp= esa VR Kkr dhft, – 3. fp= esa fdlh ifjiFk ls izokfgr gksus okyh izR;korhZ
VR=? VL=176 V /kkjk Ι = Ι0 sin ωt ds fy, oksYVrk o le; ds vkjs[k
n'kkZ;s x;s gS -
v
Q

t
220 V P
(1) 132 V (2) 396 V
(3) 185 V (4) 220 × 176 V (1) oØ P, R–L ds fy;s o Q, R–C ds fy;s gS
(2) oØ P, R–C ds fy;s o Q, R–L ds fy;s gS
2. fn;s x;s ifjiFk esa izfrck/kk gksxh - (3) nksuksa R–C ds fy;s gS
(4) nksuksa R–L ds fy;s gS
150 Ω
4. izfrjks/k R o izsjdRo L dh dq.Myh dks E oksYV fo-
ok- cy ds lsy ls tksM+ fn;k tkrk gS rks dq.Myh
esa izokfgr /kkjk gksxh -
200 Ω (1) E/R (2) E/L
(1) 50 vkse (2) 150 vkse E EL
(3) (4)
(3) 200 vkse (4) 250 vkse L +R
2 2
L + R2
2

Sarvam Career Institute 165

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
5. ;fn ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa /kkjk] oksYVst ls 10. tc çsjdRo o çfrjks/k dk Js.kh la;kstu 10 oksYV]
π/3 dyk dks.k ls i'pxkeh gS rks ifjiFk ds vOk;o 50 gVZ~t ds çR;korhZ /kkjk L=ksr ls tksM+k tkrk gS]
gksxsa- rks ifjiFk esa 1 ,Eih;j /kkjk çokfgr gksrh gSA
(1) R ,oa L (2) L ,oa C π
(3) R ,oa C (4) dsoy R oksYVrk] /kkjk ls jsfM;u dyk dks.k ls dyk esa
3
vkxs jgrh gSA ifjiFk ds çfrjks/k o çsjf.kd çfr?kkr
6. fdlh ifjiFk esa E = 200 cos (314t) rFkk dh x.kuk dhft;sA
Ι = sin (314t + π/4) gks rks budk lfn'k fu:i.k
gS -
π
π/4
E I 11. çnf'kZr fp= esa /kkjk 4sin  314t −  A ikbZ
 4 
(1) (2) x;hA çsjdRo dk eku fudkfy,A
π/4
I E
L 314 Ω
I
E
3π/4
(3) (4) 3π/4
I E V=V0sin314t

7. fuEukafdr dykUrj crkus okys fp=ksa esa ls dkSulk 12. ,d çR;korhZ oksYVrk E = 200 sin (300t) oksYV
fp= R–C ifjiFk dks lgh izdkj ls n'kkZrk gS -
,d R = 10 Ω rFkk 800 mH çsjdRo ds Js.kh
I la;kstu ds fljksa ij vkjksfir gSA ifjiFk dh
V
çfrck/kk dh x.kuk djksA
(1) (2)
V I
13. fuEufyf[kr dk feyku dhft;s &
I
V
çR;korhZ /kkjk L=ksr ls /kkjk vkSj L=ksr
la;ksftr ifjiFk vo;o oksYVrk ds e/;
(3) (4) V
I (ω = 200 rad/sec) dykUrj
(A) (p) π
8. fuEu ifjiFk esa izfrck/kk dk eku gksxk - 2
10 Ω 500 µF
150 Ω 1 µF
(B) (q) π
6
5H

+ – (C) (r) π
4
(1) 'kwU; (2) vuUr 500 µF
(3) 55 vkse (4) 2500 vkse
(D) (s) π
9. ;fn izR;korhZ L=ksr dh vko`fr 'kwU; gks rc fuEu 3
esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gS 4H 3 µF
(1) la/kkfj= esa ls izokfgr /kkjk 'kwU; gksxh (E) (t) mijksä esa ls
(2) izfrjks/k esa ls izkokfgr /kkjk 'kwU; gksxh
dksbZ ugha
(3) izsjdRo esa ls izokfgr /kkjk 'kwU; gksxh 1 kΩ 5H
(4) lHkh
166 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
14. 100 Ω çfr?kkr okyh dq.Myh vkSj 100 Ω çfrjks/k 15. ,d çsjdRo dk çfrjks/k 100 Ω gSA tc dq.Myh
dh ,d dq.Myh dks 240 V, 50 Hz dh a.c. lIykbZ ij 1000 Hz vko`rhZ dk a.c. ladsr vkjksfir djrs
ls tksM+k tkrk gS
(a) dq.Myh esa vf/kdre /kkjk D;k gksxh\ gS] rks vkjksfir oksYVst] /kkjk ls 45° vxzxkeh gksrk
(b) vf/kdre oksYVrk vkSj vf/kdre /kkjk ds chp gSA dq.Myh ds Loçsj.k xq.kkad dh x.kuk djksA
fdruk le;kUrj jgsxk\

16. çsjdRo] /kkfjrk rFkk çfrjks/k dk Js.kh la;kstu (L-C-R Js.kh ifjiFk)
E0 f'k[kj eku ds ,d izR;korhZ oksYVrk L=ksr ds lkFk izfrjks/k R, ,d izsj.k dq.Myh ftldk izsjdRo L gS rFkk ,d
C /kkfjrk dk la/kkfj= Js.khØe esa la;ksftr fd;s x;s gSA
L C R

A.C. source

E = E0 sinωt

16.1 LCR Js.kh ifjiFk dk dyk:i vkjs[k

ekukfd Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa izR;korhZ oksYVrk L=ksr dk fo-ok-c- E = E0 sin ωt
L,C rFkk R Js.kh la;kstu esa gS vr% bu rhuksa vo;oksa ls izokfgr /kkjk dk vk;ke rFkk dyk ,d leku gksxhA
ysfdu izR;sd vo;o ds fljksa ij oksYVrk rFkk èkkjk esa dyk lEcU/k vyx&vyx gksxkA
ekukfd fdlh le; t ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk Ι gSA
VL Q

O
VC VR P
S

ekukfd bl le; t ij L, C, rFkk R ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj

Øe'k% VL, VC rFkk VR gSA
vr% VL = Ι XL, VC = Ι XC rFkk VR = Ι R
VL Q
T K
E(applied emf)

(VL–VC)
φ
O
S VR P

VC

vc] VR /kkjk dh dyk esa gh gksxk fdUrq VL, Ι ls 90° dks.k ls vkxs gksxkA tcfd VC, Ι ls 90° dks.k ls ihNs gksxkA
VR dks lfn'k OP ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gS (;g Ι dh dyk esa gS) VL dks lfn'k OQ ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gS (tks Ι ls
90° vkxs gS) VC dks lfn'k OS ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gS (tks Ι ls 90° ihsNs gS) VL rFkk VC ijLij foifjr gSaA
;fn VL > VC (fp=kuqlkj) rks budk ifj.kkeh (VL – VC) gksxk tks OT ls O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 167
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
vUrr% lfn'k OK, VR rFkk (VL – VC) dk ifj.kkeh lfn'k O;Dr djrk gSA
bu rhuksa dk ifj.kkeh = vkjksfir fo-ok-c-
vr% XL Q
2 2 2 K
E= VR2 + (VL − VC )2 = Ι [R + (XL – XC) ] T
E
⇒ I= Z
R + (XL − X C )2
2 (XL–XL)

izfrck/kk Z= R 2 + (XL − X C )2 φ R
O
 1 
2
S P
= R 2 +  ωL − 
 ωC 
dyk :i vkjs[k esa ;g iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS fd LCR Js.kh ifjiFk esa vkjksfir fo-ok-c-] /kkjk Ι ls dyk esa φ dks.k
ls vkxs gSA
XL − X C
tanφ =
R

16.2 Js.kh L-C-R la;kstu ¼Js.khØe L-C-R ifjiFk½

1. ifjiFk vkjs[k
R L C

R, L vkSj C esa I leku

2. dyk vkjs[k
VL

I
VR
V0
(i) ;fn VL > V C rks

VL–VC
I
VR
(ii) ;fn VC > VL rks
I
VC–VL VR

(iii) V = VR2 + (VL − VC )2

izfrck/kk Z = R2 + (XL − X C )2
168 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
(iv) izfrck/kk f=Hkqt

Z
X = XL–XC
φ

XL − X C V −V
tanφ = = L C
R VR

fopkj.kh; fcUnq
• A.C. ifjiFk esa L rFkk C ij foHko dk eku L=ksr foHko ls T;knk gks ldrk gSA ;g rHkh lEHko gS tc ifjiFk
esa L rFkk C nksuksa mifLFkr gksA izfrjks/k R ij foHko dk eku L=ksr foHko ls dHkh Hkh vf/kd ugha gks ldrkA
• ,d lekUrj A.C. ifjiFk esa IL rFkk IC ds e/; dykUrj π gksrk gSA

Example 25:
200 V,50 Hz
fp= esa fn[kk, x, ifjiFk esa] Kkr djs
¼A½ ifjiFk dh izfr?kkr 2 ~ 100
H µF
¼B½ ifjiFk dh çfrck/kk π 100 Ω π
¼C½ /kkjk
¼D½ vkn'kZ A.C oksYVehVj dk ikB~;kad V1 V2 V3
¼;s rIr rkj midj.k gSa vkSj rms eku i<+rs gSa½ V4
Solution: V5

Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa] çfrck/kk og gS Z = R2 + ( X C − XL ) tgka XC vkSj

2

XL Øe'k% /kkfjrh; izfr?kkr vkSj iszjdh; izfr?kkr gSaA

2
(a) XL = 2πfL = 2π× 50 × = 200 Ω
π
1
⇒ XC = = 100 Ω
100 −6
2π50 × 10
π
ifjiFk dk izfr?kkr X = XL – XC = 200 – 100 = 100 Ω
pw¡fd XL > XC, ifjiFk dks izsjdh; dgk tkrk gSA
(b) ifjiFk dk çfrck/kk=
Z R2 + X 2 = 1002 + 1002 = 100 2 Ω
v rms 200
(c) /kkjk Irms == = 2A
Z 100 2
(d) vkn'kZ oksYVehVj dk ikB~;kad
V1 : Irms XL = 200 2 V
V2 : IrmsR = 100 2 V
V3 : Irms X c = 100 2 V
V4 : Irms R 2 + XL2 =
100 10 V
V4 : Irms Z = 200 V
tks lzksr dk oksYVst Hkh gksrk gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 169
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 26:
,d çfrjks/k R] çsjdRo L vkSj ,d la/kkfj= C lHkh AC vkiwfrZ ds lkFk Js.kh esa tqM+s gq, gSaA R dk çfrjks/k 16 Ω
gS vkSj nh xbZ vko`fÙk ds fy,] L dk çsjd çfr?kkr 24 Ω gS vkSj C dk /kkfjfr; çfr?kkr 12 Ω gSA ;fn ifjiFk esa
/kkjk 5 A gS] rks Kkr dhft,
(a) R] L vkSj C ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj
(b) ifjiFk dh çfrck/kk
(c) AC vkiwfrZ dk foHko
(d) dyk dks.k
Solution:
Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa] çfrck/kk Z = R2 + ( X C − XL ) ; tgka XC vkSj XL Øe'k% /kkfjrh; izfr?kkr vkSj izsjdh; izfr?kkr
2

XL − X C 
gSaA foHko vkSj /kkjk ds chp dk dyk dks.k φ =tan−1   ls fn;k tkrk gS\
 R 
(a) çfrjks/k esa foHkokUrj VR = IR = 5 × 16 = 80 V
çsjdRo esa foHkokUrj VL = I × (ωL) = 5 × 24 = 120 V
la/kkfj= esa foHkokUrj VC = I × (1 / ωC) = 5 × 12 = 60 V
 2  1  
2

(b)= + − ω   =(16) + (12) =20 Ω

2 2
Z  R  L
  ωC  
(c) AC lIykbZ dk foHko V = IZ = 5 × 20 = 100 V
 ωL − (1 / ωC)   24 − 12 
(d) φ =tan−1  =  tan−1=
 =
 tan
−1
(0.75) 36 46′′
 R   16 

Example 27:
;fn XL = 50 Ω rFkk XC = 40 Ω gS rks fn;s x;s esa ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk izHkkoh eku Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
XL = 50 Ω XC = 40 Ω
Z = XL – XC = 10 Ω
V0 40
Ι0 = = =4A
Z 10
4
⇒ Irms = =2 2 A V = 40 sin (100 πt) volt
2

Example 28:
(a) la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr 20 Ω gSA bldk D;k eryc gSA
(b) ;fn AC dh vko`fr nksxquh dj nh tk;s rks bldk izfr?kkr D;k gksxkA
(c) tc bldks ifjiFk ls tksM+k tkrk gS] rc bldk izfr?kkr D;k gksxk \ bldk izHkko D;k gksxkA
Solution:
(a) la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr 20 Ω gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd la/kkfj= fdlh fuf'Pkr vko`fÙk ij AC izokg esa 20 Ω dk
1 1
izfrjks/k mRiUu djrk gSA la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr XC = =
ωC 2πfC
(b) vko`fr nqxquh djus ij izfr?kkr vk/kk 1 a 0 Ω gks tk;sxk
(c) DC ifjiFk esa vko`fÙk 'kwU; gksrh gSA vr% la/kkfj= dk izfr?kkr vuUr gksrk gS blfy, la/kkfj= dk mi;ksx DC
pkyu esa ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
170 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 29:
;fn oksYVehVj V1 dk ikB¡;kd 40 V gS oksYVehVj V2 dk ikB¡;kd D;k gksxk\
V2

V1

50√2sin ωt
Solution:
V0
izR;korhZ /kkjk oksYVehVj] oksYVrk dk RMS eku i<+sxk] vkjksfir oksYVrk = = 50 V
2
oksYVehVj V2 dk ikB¡~;kd x gks rc
x 2 + 402 = 50 V ⇒ x = 30 volt

Exercise 1.6

1. L-C-R Js.kh AC ifjiFk esa] çR;sd ?kVd L C] vkSj 4. R = 1 Ω, XL = 1000 Ω rFkk XC = 1000 Ω ds Js.kh
R izR;sd ?kVd ij oksYVrk 50 V gSA RC la;kstu Øe esa yxs LCR ifjiFk ij 100 mV dk oksYVrk
esa oksYVst gksxk lzksr vkjksfir djus ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk gksxh -
(1) 50 V (2) 50 2V (1) 100 mAmp (2) 1 µAmp
(3) 100 V (4) 'kwU; (3) 0.1 µAmp (4) 10 µAmp

2. ,d Js.kh L-C-R ifjiFk esa] 10 V AC foHko lzksr 5. fdlh ifjiFk ds fy;s /kkjk vkSj foHko dk lfn'k
dh vko`fÙk dks bl rjg ls lek;ksftr fd;k tkrk fu:i.k fuEu gS, rks ifjiFk ds vo;o gksxsa -
gS fd izsjdh; izfr?kkr 15 Ω vkSj /kkfjrh; izfr?kkr 45° E = 200 volts
11 Ω ekik tkrk gSA ;fn R = 3 Ω, rks L vkSj C
ds Js.kh la;kstu esa foHkokUrj gksxk \
(1) 8 V (2) 10 V
(3) 22 V (4) 52 V I=2A

(1) L-C-R (2) L-R

3. fuEu ifjiFk esa R, L, C ij foHkokUrj fn;s x;s gSA
(3) L-C-R or L-R (4) C-R
rks lzksr dk fo-ok- cy oksYV esa D;k gksxk -
30 V 60 V 100 V
6. ,d 50 Ω vkse izfrjks/k] ,d 20/π gsujh ds izsjdRo
5/π µF ds la/kkfj= dks 230 oksYV rFkk 50Hz
vko`fÙk ds izR;korhZ foHko ls Js.khØe esa tksMk+ x;k
gSA ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk gksxh -
e (1) 5 Ω
(2) 50 Ω
(1) 190 (2) 70
(3) 5 KΩ
(3) 50 (4) 40
(4) 500 Ω

Sarvam Career Institute 171

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
7. izfrjks/k R ds nksuksa fljksa ds e/; VR,la/kkfj= ds nksuksa 9. ;fn E0 = 200 volt, R = 25 ohm L = 0.1 H vkSj
–5
fljksa ds e/; VC = 2VR vkSj iszjdRo ds nksuksa fljksa C = 10 F rFkk vko`fÙk ifjorZu'khy gS rks f = 0
ds e/; VL = 3VR gks rks VR ds inksa esa L=ksr dk vkSj f = ∞ ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk eku Øe'k% gksxk-
izR;korhZ foHko gksxk- R L C
(1) 2 VR
(2) VR
(3) VR/ 2 E

(4) 5VR (1) 0 A, 8 A (2) 8 A, 0 A

(3) 8 A, 8 A (4) 0 A, 0 A

8. ,d LCR ifjiFk ds vo;oksa ij oksYVrk Øe'k% VL, 10. fn;s gq, ifjiFk esa vehVj rFkk oksYVehVj dk
VC rFkk VR gSA lzksr dh oksYVrk gksxh - ikBîkad Kkr dhft;sA
10 Ω 20 Ω 10 Ω
(1) [VR + VL + VC]
2 2 2 1/2 V
(2) [VR + VL + VC ] A
2 2 1/2
(3) [VR + (VL + VC) ]
2
(4) [VR + (VL – VC) ]
2 1/2 E=50 sin100 πt volt

17. vuqukn
tc ifjiFk dh izkd`frd vko`fÙk] vkjksfir oksYVrk dh vko`fÙk ds cjkcj gks rks ,slk ifjiFk vuquknh ifjiFk dgykrk
gSA vuqukn ds fy, ifjiFk esa L rFkk C nksuksa vo'; gh mifLFkr gksus pkfg,A

17.1 Js.kh LCR ifjiFk

(a) vuqukn ij
(i) XL = XC (ii) VL = VC
(iii) φ = 0 (V vkSj I leku dyk es)a (iv) Zmin = R (izfrck/kk U;wure)
(v) Imax = (/kkjk vf/kdre)
(b) vuquknh vko`fÙk
1 1
 XL = XC ⇒ ωrL = ⇒ ω2r =
ωr C LC
1 1
⇒ ωr = ⇒ fr = (Hz)
LC 2π LC
(c) Z dk f ds lkFk ifjorZu
(i) ;fn f< fr rc XL < XC
ifjiFk dh izd`fr /kkfjrh;, φ ¼_.kkRed)
(ii) f = fr ij XL = XC z
ifjiFk dh izd`fr izfrjks/kh;, φ = 'kwU; R
(iii) ;fn f > fr rc XL > XC fr f
ifjiFk dh izd`fr izsjdh;, φ (/kukRed)
(iv) tSls&tSls f esa o`f) gksrh gS] igys Z dk eku ?kVrk gS vkSj fQj c<+rk gSA
172 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
(d) f ds lkis{k Ι esa ifjorZu
tSls&tSls f esa o`f) gksrh gS] igys I dk eku c<+rk gS vkSj fQj de gksrk gSA
• vuqukn dh fLFkfr esa Js.kh vuquknh ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk U;wure gksrh gS] vkSj ;g Imax
dbZ vko`fÙk;ksa okyh /kkjkvksa esa ls vuquknh vko`fÙk okyh /kkjk dks vf/kd izokfgr Ι V
gksus nsrk gSA vFkkZr~ bl ifjiFk esa vuquknh vko`fÙk ds cjkcj okyh vko`fÙk dh √2 Imax = R
izR;korhZ /kkjk vf/kd gksrh gS] vr% ;g vuquknh&ifjiFk dgykrk gSA jsfM;ks ;k I ∆f
TV V~;wu djus ds fy;s ge ifjiFk dh vko`fÙk dks bfPNr LVs'ku dh vko`fÙk ds f1 fr f2 f
cjkcj djrs gSA
v)Z 'kfDr vko`fÙk;k¡
og vko`fÙk;k¡ ftuds fy;s 'kfDr dk eku vf/kdre eku dk vk/kk gks tkrk gS] v)Z 'kfDr vko`fÙk;k¡ dgykrh gSA
R
cS.M pkSM+kbZ ∆f = f2 – f1 = (Hz)
2πL
fo'ks"krk xq.kkad Q : izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk dk Q xq.kkad] laxzfgr ÅtkZ rFkk ÅtkZ gkfu ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA
vf/kdre lx a fzgr ÅtkZ ifzr pØ
Q = 2π
vf/kdre ÅtkZ {k; ifzr pØ
(i) ;g vuqukn dh rh{.krk dks crkrk gSA
(ii) ;g ek=dghu rFkk foekghu jkf'k gSA
(X L )r (X C )r 2πfrL
(iii) Q = = =
R R R
1 L f fr vuuqknh vkof`Ùk
= = r = =
R C ∆f c.SM pkMS kbZ c.SM+ pkSMkbZ
vko/kZu
vuqukn ij I R1
VL ;k VC = QE (;gk¡ E = lIykbZ oksYVrk)
blfy, vuqukn ij vko/kZu xq.kkad = Q-xq.kkad R1 < R2 < R1
R2
rh{.krk
rh{.krk ∝ fo'ks"krk xq.kkad ∝ vko/kZu xq.kkad R3
tc R ?kVsxk fr f
⇒ Q c<+sxk
⇒ rh{.krk c<+sxh

fopkj.kh; fcUnq
• Js.khØe vuqukn ifjiFk oksYVrk vko/kZu nsrk gS] tcfd lekUrj Øe vuqukn ifjiFk /kkjk vko/kZu nsrk gSA
• vuqukn ij /kkjk] L o C ij fuHkZj ugha djrh gSA ;g dsoy R rFkk V ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
• v)Z'kfä vko`fÙk;ksa ij : dqy izfr?kkr = (XL – XC) = R dqy izfrjks/k
• izfrjks/k c<+us ij R c<+sxk ⇒ cS.M pkSM+kbZ c<+rh gS
• ifjiFk esa vuqukn dh fLFkfr izkIr djus ds fy;s fuEu jkf'k;ks dks cny ldrs gSA
(i) L (ii) C (iii) L=ksr dh vko`fr
• leku vuquknh vko`fr f ds nks Js.kh LCR ifjiFk dks Js.khØe esa tksM+us ij] Js.kh la;kstu dh vuquknh vko`fŸk
Hkh f gksrh gSA
• Js.kh LCR vuquknh ifjiFk Lohdkjh ifjiFk (acceptor) dgykrk gSA tcfd lekUrj LCR vuqukn ifjiFk
vLohdkjh ifjiFk (rejector)s dgykrk gSA
• LC dk ek=d lSd.M gksrk gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 173
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 30:
,d T;koØh; oksYVst V(t) = (200 V) sin ωt dks L = 10.0 mH, C = 100 nF rFkk R = 20.0 Ω ds lkFk ,d Js.kh
LCR ifjiFk ij vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gSA fuEufyf[kr jkf'k;ka Kkr dhft,\
¼a½ vuquknh vko`fÙk
¼b½ vuqukn ij /kkjk dk vk;ke
¼c½ ifjiFk dk fo'ks"krk xq.kkad Q
¼d½ vuquknh vko`fÙk ij izsjdRo ds fljks ij foHko dk vk;ke
Solution:
1 1
tc LCR ifjiFk dks vuqukn ij O;ofLFkr fd;k tkrk gS] rks vuqukn vko`fÙk gksrh gS f =
2π LC
ωL 1 L
fo'ks"krk xq.kkad=
Q =
0

R R C
(a) vuquknh vko`fÙk ds lw= dk mi;ksx djus ij
ifjiFk ds fy, vuquknh vko`fÙk gSa
ω0 1 1 1 1
=
f = = = 5033 Hz
2π 2π LC 2 π (10 × 10 H)(100 × 10−9 F )
−3

(b) vuqukn ij /kkjk vf/kdre gksrh gS i.e. I0

V0 200
I=
0 = = 10.0 A
R 20.0
(c) ifjiFk dk fo'ks"krk xq.kkad Q }kjk fn;k x;k gS
ω0L 2π ( 5033s )( 10.0 × 10 H)
−1 −3

=Q = = 15.8
R (20.0 Ω )
(d) vuqukn ij] iszjd ds fljks ij oksYVst dk vk;ke gksrk gS
(10.0)2π ( 5033 ) ( 10.0 × 10=
VL0 = I0 XL= I0 ω0L = −3
) 3.16 × 103 V
Example 31:
5 –1
120 Ω ds çfrjks/k okys ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk dh dks.kh; vko`fÙk 4 × 10 rads gSA vuqukn ij] çfrjks/k vkSj
çsjdRo ij oksYVst Øe'k% 60 V vkSj 40 V gSA L vkSj C dk eku Kkr dhft,A fdl vko`fÙk ij /kkjk] oksYVst ls
45° ihNs gks tkrh gS\
Solution:
vuqukn ij] XL = XC dyk dks.k ftlds }kjk
XL − X C 
/kkjk foHko ls i'pxkeh gS φ =tan−1  
 R 
izfrjks/k ds fy, VR = IrmsR;
VR 60
Irms
= = = 0.5A
R 120
izsjd ds fy, V=
L Irms ω0L
40 = 0.5 × 4 × 105 × L ⇒ L = 2 × 10−4 H
1
vuqukn ij, X= L X C i.e.ω=
0L
ω0C
1 1 1
=
C = = µF
ω20L ( 4 × 10 )
5 2
× 2 × 10−4 32

174 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
o
tc /kkjk] oksYVst ls 45 i'pxkeh gksrh gSA
XL − X C
tan φ =
R
1
ωL −
ωC ⇒ R =ωL − 1 =ωL −  ω0L 
2
1=  
R ωC  ω 
∴ωR = ω2L − ω02L

(
120ω = 2 × 10−4 ω2 − ( 4 × 105 )
2
)
VL
Source Voltage
VL – V C

45°
i
VR

VC

mijksä lehdj.k dks gy djus ij] gesa çkIr gksrk gS

ω = 8 × 105 ω = −2 × 105
 vko`fÙk _.kkRed ugha gks ldrh
∴ gekjs ikl ekStwn _.kkRed dks utjvankt djus ij ω = 8 × 105 Hz

Example 32:
fdl vko`fÙk ij izfrjks/k ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj vf/kdre gksxk \ 1 1
µF H
Solution: R π π
vuukn dh fLFkfr esa
1 1
f= = = 500 Hz
2π LC 1 1
2π × 10−6 ×
π π

Example 33:
R=200 Ω
,d la/kkfj=] ,d izfrjks/k rFkk 40 mH dk ,d izsjdRo 60 gV~Zt vko`fÙk okys izR;korhZ
L=ksr ls Js.khØe esa la;ksftr gSA la/kkfj= dh /kkfjrk Kkr dhft,A ;fn /kkjk vkSj
V1 V1 V1
oksYVrk leku dyk esa gks rks X rFkk I dk eku Hkh Kkr dhft;sA
300 V 300 V XV
Solution: I
vuqukn ij 110 V,60 Hz
1 1 1 1
ωL = ⇒ C = 2 = = = 176 µF
ωC ωL 4 π f L 4π × (60) × 40 × 10−3
2 2 2 2

V 110
V = VR ⇒ X = 110 V vkSj I = = = 0.5 A
R 220

Sarvam Career Institute 175

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 34:
500 Hz vko`fÙk dk ,d 100 V AC lzksr L = 8.1 mH, C = 12.5 µF rFkk R = 10 Ω ds lkFk ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk
ls tqM+k gqvk gSA çfrjks/k ds fljksa ij foHkokUrj Kkr dhft,A
Solution:

VR2 + ( VC − VL )
2
LCR ifjiFk ds fy,] dqy foHkokUrj gS V =
iszjdRoh; izfr?kkr XL = 2π× 500 × 8.1 × 10−3 = 25.45 Ω
106
/kkfjrh; izfr?kkr=
XC = 25.45 Ω
2π× 500 × 12.5
⇒ XL =
XC
;gh vuqukn dh fLFkfr gS- bldk eryc ;g gS fd dqy foHko iru dsoy çfrjks/k dss ljksa ij gksrh gSA
VR2 + ( VL − VC ) = VR = 100 V
2
∴V =
çfrjks/k ds ikj fljksa ij foHkokUrj ifjiFk ij vkjksfir oksYVst ds leku gSA

Exercise 1.7

1. ,d Js.kh vuquknh L–C–R ifjiFk esa] ;fn L dks 4. ,d Js.khc) LCR ifjiFk esa C = 10 µF ,oa
25% c<+k;k tkrk gS vkSj C dks 20% de fd;k ω = 1000 rad/sec gSA ifjiFk esa egÙke /kkjk ds
tkrk gS] rks vuquknh vko`fÙk gksxh & fy;s izsjdRo L dk eku fdruk gksuk pkfg;s \
(1) 10% c<+rh gS (2) 10% ?kVrh gS
(1) 10 mH
(3) vifjofrZr jgrh gS (4) 2.5% c<+rh gS
(2) 100 mH
(3) 1 mH
2. ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa C = 25 µF, L = 0.1 H
vkSj R = 25 Ω gSA tc e = 311 sin (314t) fo-ok- (4) R dk eku Kkr u gksus ls ifjdyu lEHko ugha
emf dk Ac L=ksr yxk;k tkrk gSA rc çfrck/kk
gS\ 5. LCR Js.khØe ifjiFk esa L, C o R ds eku Øe'k% 1
(1) 99 ohm (2) 80 ohm H, 6.25 µF rFkk 1 Ω gSa] bldk fo'ks"krk xq.kkad gSa -
(3) 57 ohm (4) 25 ohm (1) 400 (2) 200
(3) 125 (4) 25
3. fp= ,d Js.kh L-C-R ifjiFk fn[kkrk gS] tks ,d
ifjorhZ vko`fÙk 200 V lzksr ls tqM+k gSA C = 80 µF
6. LCR ifjiFk esa la/kkfj= C dks cnydj 4C fd;k
vkSj R = 40 Ω lzksr vko`fÙk tks ifjiFk dks vuqukn
ij ys tkrh gS, og gS tkrk gS rks vuquknh vko`fÙk leku j[kus ds fy, L
L=5H dks fdruk djuk gksxk -
(1) 2 L (2) L/2
C = 80 µF
(3) L/4 (4) 4L
R
7. LCR Js.kh ifjiFk dh vuqukn dh vko`fÙk dks de
~ djus ds fy, -
V = 200V
(1) C dks de dj ldrs gS
25
(1) 25 Hz (2) Hz (2) L dks de dj ldrs gS
π
(3) L vkSj C nksuksa dks de dj ldrs gS
50
(3) 50 Hz (4) Hz (4) C dks c<+kuk pkfg;s
π
176 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
8. Js.khØe L-C-R vuqukn ds fy, dkSulk dFku lR; 13. LCR Js.khØe la;kstu dh vuquknh voLFkk ds fy,
gS - fuEu esa ls dkSu-lk dFku lR; gS-
(1) izfrjks/k 'kwU; gksrk gS
(1) /kkjk U;wure gksrh gS
(2) izfrck/kk 'kwU; gksrh gS
(2) /kkjk o fo-ok-cy ds e/; π/2 dk dykUrj gksrk
(3) izfr?kkr 'kwU; gksrk gS
(4) izfrjks/k] izfr?kkr vkSj izfrck/kk rhuksa 'kwU; gksrh gS
gS (3) izfrck/kk R ds cjkcj gksrh gS
(4) 'kfDr xq.kkad dk eku U;wure gksrk gS
9. ,d LCR ifjiFk dh vuqukn dh vko`fÙk 500 kHz
gSA ;fn L dks nqxquk vkSj C dks vkjfEHkd eku ls
1
14. ,d LCR Js.kh ifjiFk esa L = 5.0 H, C = 80 µF
xq.kk ?kVk fn;k tk;s rks ubZ vuqukn dh vko`fÙk
8 rFkk R = 40 Ω ifjorhZ vko`fÙk L=ksr ds lkFk tqM+s
fdyks gVZt esa gksxh- gSaA
(1) 250 (2) 500
(a) vuqukn ij L=ksr dh dks.kh; vko`fÙk
(3) 1000 (4) 2000
(b) vuquknh vko`fÙk ij /kkjk dk vk;ke

10. vuquknh voLFkk esa LCR Js.kh Øe ifjiFk esa yxs

izsjdRo o /kkfjrk ds eku Øe'k% 0.1 H rFkk 200 µF 15. ,d dq.Myh dk çfrjks/k R vkSj çsjdRo L] ,d
gSA mlh vuquknh vko`fr ij ;fn ifjiFk esa izsjdRo la/kkfj= C ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tqM+k gS vkSj iw.kZ
eku 100 H dj fn;k tk;s rks èkkfjrk dk vko';d
la;kstu a.c. oksYVst ls tqM+k gSA ifjiFk vuqukfnr
eku µF esa gksxk -
gS tc L=ksr dh dks.kh; vko`fÙk ω = ω0 gSA
(1) 4 (2) 0.2
(3) 2 (4) 0.3 L,R C

11. vuqukn ij AC ifjiFk esa -

(1) izfrck/kk = R
V=V0 sin ωt(volt)
 1 
(2) izfrck/kk =  ωL − 
 ωC  ω0, L vkSj C ds e/; lEcU/k Kkr dhft,A
(3) L o C ij oksYVrk leku dyk esa gksxhA
(4) C esa /kkjk dk dykarj L=ksr foHko ds lkis{k
π gSA 16. ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa v)Z 'kfä vko`fÙk ij
oksYVrk rFkk /kkjk ds e/; dykUrj Kkr dhft;sA
12. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk 10 kHz ij vuqukfnr
gksrk gSA ;fn vko`fÙk c<+kdj 11 kHz dj nh tk;s 17. ,d LCR Js.kh ifjiFk esa L = 0.12 H, C = 480 nF,
rks -
R = 23 Ω ifjofrZr vko`fÙk L=ksr ds lkFk tqMs gSaA
(1) izfrck/kk c<+dj 1.1 xquk gks tk;sxh
(2) izfrck/kk vifjofrZr jgsxh Kkr dhft;s&
(3) izfrck/kk c<+ tk;sxh o izsjdh; gks tk;sxh (a) L=ksr vko`fÙk ftlds fy;s /kkjk vf/kdre gksxhA
(4) izfrck/kk c<+ tk;sxh o /kkjrh; gks tk;sxh (b) ifjiFk dk Q&xq.kkad

Sarvam Career Institute 177

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
18. izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa 'kfDr
Js.kh Øe LCR izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa vkSlr 'kfDr
ekukfd V = V0 sinωt rFkk I = I0 sin (ωt – φ)
rkR{kf.kd 'kfä
P = V0 sinωt. I0 sin(ωt – φ) = V0I0 sinωt (sinωtcosφ – sinφcosωt)
T
1
T ∫0
vkSlr 'kfä <P> = (V0 I0 sin2 ωt cos φ − V0 I0 sin ωt cos ωt sin φ)dt

1 T 1
T
 1 
= V0I0  ∫ sin2 ωt cos φdt − ∫ sin ωt cos ωt sin φdt  = V0 I0  cos φ − 0 × sin φ 
T 0 T0  2 
V I cos φ
⇒<P>= 0 0 = Vrms Irms cosφ
2

rkR{kf.kd 'kfDr vkSlr 'kfDr @ okLrfod 'kfDr vkHkklh 'kfDr@ rms 'kfDr f'k[kj 'kfDr
@ O;f;r 'kfDr @ 'kfDr ákl
P = VI P=Vrms Irms cosφ P=Vrms Irms P=V0 I0

• Irms cosφ dks /kkjk dk dk;Zdkjh Hkkx ;k dk;Zdkjh /kkjk dgrs gSA ;g oksYVrk dh dyk esa gksrh gSA
• Irms sinφ dks /kkjk dk dk;Zghu Hkkx] okVghu ;k dk;Zghu /kkjk dgrs gSA bldk oksYVrk ds lkFk 90° dk
dykUrj gksrk gSA

'kfä xq.kkad
vkSlr 'kfDr
<P> =Erms Irms cosφ oxZ ek/; ewy 'kfDr ×cosφ
=
vkl
S r 'kfDr@'kfDr O;;
'kfä xq.kkad (cos φ) =
oxZ ek/; ey
w 'kfDr
R
rFkk cosφ =
Z

fopkj.kh; fcUnq
• Pav < Prms
• 'kfä xq.kkad dk eku 0 ls 1 rd ifjofrZr gksrk gSA
'kq)@vkn'kZ φ V 'kfDr xq.kkad = cos φ vkSlr 'kfDr
R 0 V rFkk I leku dyk 1 (vf/kdre) Vrms Irms
L π V, I ls vkxs 0 0
+
2
C π V, I ls ihNs 0 0
–
2
pksd dq.Myh π V, I ls vkxs 0 0
+
2

• vuqukn ij 'kfDr xq.kkad vf/kdre gksrk gSA

(φ = 0 vr% cosφ = 1) rFkk Pav = Vrms Irms

178 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 35:
O;Dr dhft;s fd izR;korhZ /kkjk ds ,d pØ esa mruh gh Å"ek mRiUu gksxh ftruh fd I = Irms eku dh fn"V /kkjk
}kjk mRiUu gksxhA
Solution:
izR;korhZ /kkjk I = I0 sin ωt ds fy;s fdlh izfrjks/k R esa mRiUu rkR{kf.kd Å"ek
2 2 2
H = I R = I0 sin ωt × R izfr pØ mRiUu vkSlr Å"ek
T T

Hav =
∫ Hdt = ∫
0 0
(Ι 20 sin2 ωt × R)dt
=
1 2
Ι0 R
T T
2
∫ dt
0 ∫0
dt

 T 1 
 ∫
0
Ι 20 sin2 ωt dt = Ι 20 T 
2 
2
 I0 
⇒ Hav =
=  R Irms R
2
.....(i)
 2
fn"V /kkjk ds fy;s,
2
HDC = I R ...(ii)
 I = Irms vr% lehdj.k (i) o (ii) ls HDC = Hav
izR;korhZ /kkjk (I) mruh gh Å"ek mRiUu djrh gS ftruh fd I = Irms eku dh fn"V /kkjkA
;gh dkj.k gS fd /kkjk ds Å"eh; izHkko ij vk/kkfjr izR;korhZ /kkjk midj.k oxZ ek/; ewy eku ekirs gSA

Example 36:
π
;fn izR;korhZ ifjiFk ds fy, V = 100 sin 100 t oksYV rFkk I = 100 sin (100 t + ) ekbØks ,fEi;j gS rks Kkr
3
dhft;s%
(a) V vkSj I ds e/; dykUrj (b) dqy izfrck/kk] izfr?kkr] izfrjks/k
(c) 'kfDr xq.kkad vkSj 'kfDr O;; (d) ifjiFk ds vo;o
Solution:
π
(a) dykUrj φ = − (I, V ls vkxs)
3
V0 100
(b) dqy izfrck/kk] Z = = = 1 kΩ
I0 100 × 10−3
1 R
vc izfrjks/k R = Z cos 60° = 1000 × = 500 Ω
2 60°
3 500 X
izfr?kkr X = Z sin 60° = 1000 × = Ω Z
2 3
(c) φ = – 60°
'kfDr xq.kkad vkSj 'kfDr O;; = cosφ = cos (–60°) = 0.5 (leading)
100 0.1 1
'kfDr O;; P = Vrms Irms cosφ = × × = 2.5 W
2 2 2
π
(d) ifjiFk esa R vo'; gksxk D;ksafd φ ≠ rFkk φ _.kkRed gSA vr% C vo'; mifLFkr gksxk]
2
(L Hkh gks ldrk gS fdUrq XC > XL gksuk pkfg;s)
vr% ;k rks RC ;k LRC nksuksa laHko gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 179
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Example 37:
3 1
10 V dh oksYVrk rFkk 10 Hz vko`fr dks 500 Ω ds izfrjks/k ds lkFk JS.khØe esa tqMs µF la/kkfj= ij vkjksfir
π
dh tkrh gSA ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad rFkk O;f;r 'kfDr Kkr fdft,&
Solution:
1 1
=
XC = = 500 Ω
2π f C 10−6
2π× 10 ×
3

π
∴ Z = R 2 + X 2C = (500)2 + (500)2 = 500 2 Ω
R 500 1
'kfDr xq.kkad cosφ = = =
Z 500 2 2
2
Vrms
O;f;r 'kfDr = Vrms Irms cosφ = cosφ
Z
(10)2 1 1
= × == 0.1 W
500 2 2 10

Example 38:
fdlh AC ifjiFk esa foHkokUrj V rFkk /kkjk I dk eku V = 5 cos(ωt – π/6) volt rFkk I = 10sinωt ampere gSA
ifjiFk esa O;f;r vkSlr 'kfDr dk eku gksxk
25 3
(1) W (2) 12.5 W (3) 25 W (4) 50 W
2
Solution:
V = 5 cos (ωt - π/6); I = 10 sin ωt = 10 cos(ωt - π/2)
π π π VI 5 × 10 1
φ= − = ;P= cos φ = × = 12.5 W
2 6 3 2 2 2

Example 39:
,d ifjiFk 220 V, 50Hz ds lzksr ls 550 W dh 'kfä ysrk gSA ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad 0-8 gS vkSj /kkjk dyk esa
foHkokUrj ls ihNs gSA ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad 1-0 djus ds fy, ifjiFk esa fdruh /kkfjrk dk la/kkfj= tksM+k
tk,xk\
Solution:
Js.kh LR ifjiFk esa] /kkjk vkjksfir oksYVrk ls φ ls dks.k ls i'pxkeh gksrk gS vkSj ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad gksrk gS
R
cos φ = ; tc la/kkfj= dks ifjiFk esa Js.khØe esa tksM+k tkrk gS] rks ifjiFk dh çfrck/kk gksrh gS
R + ω2L2
2

R
Z = R 2 + ( X C − XL ) vkSj ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad gS cos φ =
2

R 2 + ( XL − X C ) 
2
 
ge ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad 1-0 cukus ds fy, la/kkfj= dk eku Kkr djuk pkgrs gSa
(A) çfrjks/k vkSj çsjd izfr?kkr dk eku Kkr dhft,A LR ifjiFk ds fy,] /kkjk dyk esa oksYVst ls ihNs jgrk gSA
AC ifjiFk esa 'kfä bl çdkj nh xbZ gS
2
Vrms × cos φ
P= ….. (i)
Z

180 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
V2 × cos φ (220)2 × 0.8
⇒ Z =rms = = 70.4 Ω
P 550
R
'kfä xq.kkad cos φ = , blfy, çfrjks/k
Z
R = Z × cos φ = 70.4 × 0.8 = 56.32 Ω
izsjdh; izfr?kkr
ω=
L (Z 2
− R=
2
) (70.4)2 − (56.32)2
ω=
L 42.2 Ω
(B) 'kfDr xq.kkad ¾ 1-0 cukus ds fy, ifjiFk esa la/kkfj= dks tksM+us dh vko';drk gS
tc la/kkfj= ifjiFk esa tqM+k gksrk gS rc
izfrck/kk
 1  
2

=
Z R 2 +   ωL −   ….. (ii)
 ωC  
vkSj 'kfDr xq.kkad }kjk fn;k tkrk gS
R
cos φ =
 1  
2

R +   ωL −
2
 
 ωC  
1
cos φ= 1, ωL= ….. (iii)
ωC
(iii) ls
1 1
=C =
ω(ωL) 2πf(ωL)
1
= = 75 × 10−6 F= 75 µF
(2 × 3.14 × 50) × (42.2)
blfy, 'kfDr xq.kkad ¾ 1 ds lkFk ,d ifjiFk cukus ds fy,] 75 µF la/kkfj= dks çfrjks/k vkSj izjs d ds lkFk Js.kh
esa tksMk tk,A

Example 40:
n'kkZ, x, ifjiFk ds fy, 'kfDr xq.kkad D;k gS&
XL=100 Ω R XC=20 Ω

L R=60 Ω C

200 V,50 Hz
Solution:
R R
'kfDr xq.kkad cos φ = =
Z R + (XL − X C )2
2

60 60 3
= = =
60 + (100 − 20)
2 2 100 5
Sarvam Career Institute 181
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
19. pksd dq.Myh
fn"V /kkjk ifjiFk esa izfrjks/k dh lgk;rk ls ifjiFk /kkjk dk eku fu;af=r gksrk gSA tube light rod
blfy, ;gk¡ ij fo|qr ÅtkZ (m"ek) dk ãl I2R izfr lsd.M ds :i esa gksrk gSA
fdUrq izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa pksd&dq.Myh dh lgk;rk ls Hkh /kkjk fu;af=r dh tk ldrh starter
gSA pksd&dq.Myh esa yksgs dh iVfyr ØksM ij rk¡csa ds rkj dh dq.Myh fyiVh gqbZ
gksrh gSA bl dq.Myh dks ftl ifjiFk esa /kkjk fu;af=r djuh gksrh gS mlds Js.kh Øe Choke coil
esa tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA bldks csykLV Hkh dgrs gSA
pksd&dq.Myh ds lkFk ifjiFk Js.kh L-R ifjiFk gksrk gSA ;fn pkWd&dq.Myh dk izfrjks/k = r (cgqr vYi) gks rks
E
ifjiFk esa /kkjk I = rFkk =
Z (R + r)2 + (ωL)2 gksxhA dq. Myh ds vR;f/kd izsjdRo ds dkj.k ifjiFk esa /kkjk
Z
cgqr de gks tkrh gS] ysfdu dq.Myh ds vYi izfrjks/k r ds dkj.k 'kfDr {k;
Pav=Vrms Ιrms cos φ → 0
r r r
 cos φ= = ≈ →0
Z r +ω L
2 2 2 ωL

izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa pksd dq.Myh ds LFkku ij mfpr eku dk la/kkfj= iz;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gS] la/kkfj= esa Hkh
vkSlr O;f;r 'kfDr 'kwU; gksrh gSA vr% pksd&dq.Myh dh Hkk¡fr la/kkfj= Hkh fcuk 'kfDr O;; fd;s ifjiFk esa /kkjk
fu;af=r dj ldrk gSA
leku izfr?kkr okyh pksd&dq.Myh dh vis{kk la/kkfj= vf/kd eagxk gksrk gS vr% dq.Myh gh iz;qDr dh tkrh gSA

fopkj.kh; fcUnq
• ;g mPp izsjdRo rFkk ux.; izfrjks/k dh dq.Myh gksrh gSA
• izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa /kkjk dks vYi 'kfDr {k; ij fu;fU=r djus ds fy, pksd dq.Myh dk iz;ksx djrs gSA
• pksd dq.Myh dsoy A.C. esa iz;ksx djrs gS D.C. esa ughaA
• pksd dq.Myh dk;Zghu /kkjk ds fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr gSA
• yksg ØksM pksd dq.Myh dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% fuEu vko`fŸk ij rFkk mPp vko`fŸk ij ok;q ØksM dke esa ysrs gSA
• vkn'kZ pksd dq.Myh dk izfrjks/k 'kwU; gksrk gSA

Example 41:
R izfrjks/k rFkk L iszjdRo dh ,d pksd dq.Myh] C /kkfjrk ds la/kkfj= ds lkFk la;ksftr dh L,R C
xbZ gS rFkk lEiw.kZ la;kstu dks izR;korhZ foHko ds lkFk tksM+k x;k gSA tc L=ksr dh dks.kh;
vko`fÙk ω = ω0 gks rc ifjiFk vuquknh gksxk
(a) ω0, L rFkk C ds e/; esa lEcU/k Kkr dhft,A
V=V0 sin ωt (volt)
(b) V rFkk I ds e/; esa vuqukn ij D;k dykUrj gksxk \ tc dq.Myh dk izfrjks/k 'kwU; gS
rc D;k ;g ifjofrZr gksxk \
Solution:
(a) vuqukn dh fLFkfr ij XL = XC
1 1
⇒ ω0L = ⇒ ω0 =
ω0C LC
R R
(b)  cos φ = = =1
Z R
∴ φ = 0° ugha] ;g lnSo 'kwU; gSA
182 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 42:
(60 V, 10 W) ds ysEi dks (100 V, 50 Hz) ds lzksr ls pykus ds fy, vko';d izfrjks/k ;k izsjdRo Kkr dhft;sA
Solution:
(a) ysEi ij vf/kdre oksYVrk = 60 V
 V Lamp + VR = 100 ∴ VR = 40 V R

'kfDr 10 1
ysEi ls izokfgr /kkjk I = = = A
okYsVrk 60 6
1 100 V,50 Hz
ysfdu VR= IR ⇒ 40 = (R) ⇒ R = 240 Ω
6
2 2 2
(b) bl fLFkfr esa (VLamp) + (VL) = (V) L
2 2 2
(60) + (VL) = (100) ⇒ VL = 80 V
1
Also VL = IXL = XL 100 V,50 Hz
6
so XL = 80 × 6 = 480 Ω = L (2πf) ⇒ L = 1.5 H

Exercise 1.8

1. v)Z-'kfDr fcUnq ij ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk eku gksrk 4. ,d izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa 6 vkse dk izfrjks/k] 4 vkse
gS- (Im = vf/kdre RMS /kkjk) dh izjs d dq.Myh rFkk 12 vkse dk la/kkfj=
(1) Im 2 (2) Im/ 2 100 oksYV (rms) ds izR;korhZ /kkjk lzksr ls Js.khØe
esa tqM+s gSA ifjiFk esa O;f;r vkSlr 'kfDr gksxh -
(3) 2Im (4) Im/2
(1) 600 W (2) 500 W
(3) 400 W (4) 200 W
2. fuEu ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad gksxk -
XC=40 Ω
5. fdlh izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa fo|qr okgd cy rFkk
200 V /kkjk ds eku Øe'k% E = 5 cos ωt oksYV rFkk
R=40 Ω Ι = 2 sin ωt ,sfEi;j gS] bl ifjiFk esa vkSlr 'kfDr
50 Hz
O;; gksxk-
(1) 10 W (2) 2.5 W
XL = 100 Ω (3) 5 W (4) 'kwU;
r = 40 Ω
(1) 0.2 (2) 0.4 6. L-C-R Js.kh ifjiFk esa 'kfDr dh gkfu gksrh gSa -
(3) 0.6 (4) 0.8 (1) dsoy R esa (2) dsoy L esa
(3) dsoy C esa (4) L vkSj C nksuksa esa
3. izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa izfrck/kk dk eku fdruk izfr'kr
c<+k;k tk;s fd 'kfDr xq.kkad dk eku 0.866 ls 7. A.C. ifjiFk esa vehVj rFkk oksYVehVj ds ikB~;kad
0.5 gks tk;s ¼izfrjks/k fu;r½ - 10 A o 25 V gS] rks ifjiFk esa 'kfDr gksxh-
(1) 73.2%
(1) 250 okWV ls vf/kd
(2) 86.6%
(2) 250 okWV ls lnSo de
(3) 90.8%
(3) 250 okWV
(4) 66.6%
(4) 250 okWV ls de ;k 250 okWV
Sarvam Career Institute 183
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
8. ,d izR;korhZ ifjiFk esa vkHkklh ,oa vkSlr 'kfDr;ksa 14. ,d pksd dq.Myh dk Loizsj.k xq.kkad 10 mH gS tc
dk vuqikr gksrk gS - bls 10 oksYV ds ,d fn"V /kkjk lzksr ls tksM+k tkrk
(1) 'kfDr xq.kkad dk O;qRØe gS rks bleas 'kfDr O;; 20 okWV gksrk gSA 10 oksYV
ds izR;korhZ lzksr ls tksM+us ij blesa vkSlr 'kfDr
(2) n{krk dk O;; 10 okV gksrk gSA izR;korhZ /kkjk lzksr dh
(3) 'kfDr xq.kkad vko`fÙk gS -
(4) :id xq.kkad (1) 50 Hz (2) 60 Hz
(3) 80 Hz (4) 100 Hz
π 15. E = 200 sin (100t) oksYV ds tfu= ls 1 gsujh o
9. ,d A.C. ifjiFk esa, i = 5 sin (100t – ) ampere
2 100 vkse dh pksd dq.Myh tksM+h tkrh gSA O;f;r
rFkk V = 200 sin (100 t) volt gSA ifjiFk esa 'kfDr vkSlr 'kfDr gksxh -
gkfu gksxh- (1) 'kwU; (2) 200 okWV
(1) 20 watt (2) 40 watt (3) 141 okWV (4) 100 okWV
(3) 1000 watt (4) 0 watt 16. ux.; izfrjks/k dh ,d pksd dq.Myh tc 220 oksYV
ij dk;Z djrh gS rks blesa 5 feyh ,fEi;j /kkjk
10. ,d ok;q ØksM dq.Myh vkSj ,d oS/kqr cYc ,d izokfgr gksrh gSA pksd dq.Myh esa O;f;r 'kfDr gS-
A.C. L=ksr ds lkFk J`a[kyk esa tqM+s gq, gSA ;fn (1) 'kwU; (2) 11 W
3
dq.Myh esa yksgs dh NM+ Mky nh tkrh gS rks cYc (3) 44 × 10 W (4) 1.1 W
dh izdk'k rhozrk - 17. ,d Js’B pksd dq.Myh dk 'kfDr xq.kkad gS &
(1) leku jgsxh (2) c<s+xh (1) 'kwU; ds fudVre (2) 'kwU;
(3) ?kVsxh (4) ?kVsxh, c<+sxh (3) ,d ds fudVre (4) ,d

18. ,d dq.Myh dks 12 V dc L=ksr ds lkFk tksM+us ij

11. 2.5/π µF dk la/kkfj= rFkk 3000 vkse ds izfrjks/k dq.Myh esa 4 A /kkjk çokfgr gksrh gSA ;fn leku
dks 200 oksYV rFkk 50 gVZ~t ds A.C. L=ksr ls Js.kh dq.Myh 12 V, 50 jsfM;u/ls a.c. lzksr ds lkFk
Øe esa tksM+s tkrs gSaA ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad rFkk tksM+us ij ifjiFk esa 2.4 A /kkjk çokfgr gksrh gSA
ifjiFk esa O;; 'kfDr] Øe'k% gksxh - dq.Myh dk çsjdRo Kkr dhft,A
(1) 0.6, 0.06W (2) 0.06, 0.6W 19. ml ifjiFk dk 'kfä xq.kkad fdruk gksxk tks
(3) 0.6, 4.8W (4) 4.8, 0.6W 160 V ij 5 A izokfgr gksrh gSA rFkk ftldk 'kfä
O;; 600 W gS \
12. ,d LR ifjiFk esa, izsj.k izfr?kkr dk eku izfrjks/k R
20. fp= esa ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk çnf'kZr gS
ds eku ds cjkcj gSA ,d fo|qr okgd cy ftldk R= 4 Ω XL= 7 Ω XC=4 Ω
eku E = E0 cos ωt gS] bl ifjiFk ij vkjksfir fd;k
tkrk gSA ifjiFk eas O;; 'kfDÙk dk eku gksxk -
2 2
(1) E0 / R (2) E0 / 2R
2 2
(3) E0 / 4R (4) E0 / 8R E=50 sin(100 πt) volt

(a) 80 lsd.M esa Å"ek mRltZu Kkr djksA

13. fdlh 25 Ω izfrjks/k esa izokfgr izR;korhZ /kkjk (b) 'kfäghu /kkjk Kkr dhft,A
250 okWV dh nj ls Å"ek mRiUu djrh gS] rks
21. Js.kh LCR ifjiFk ds fy;s
izfrjks/k esa izokfgr /kkjk dk eku gksxk -
I = 100sin (100πt –π/3) mA rFkk V = 100sin
(1) 0.316 A (2) 1 A (100tπ) volt, rc
(3) 3.16 A (4) 10 A (a) ifjiFk dk çfrjks/k rFkk çfr?kkr Kkr djksA
(b) vkSlr 'kfä gkfu Kkr djks
184 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
22. L=ksr oksYVrk rFkk ifjiFk /kkjk fuEu lehdj.kksa 24. 4 Ω çfr?kkr dk çsjdRo rFkk 3 Ω çfrjks/k 100 V
}kjk O;ä dh tkrh gS & çR;korhZ L=ksr ds lkFk Js.khØe esa yxk gSA ifjiFk
 π  π
=E 110sin  ωt +  oksYV] =I 5sin  ωt −  esa 'kfäghu /kkjk dh x.kuk dhft;sA
 6  6
,Eih;j
Kkr dhft;s & 25. ,d 100 Ω dk çfrjks/kd 220 V, 50 Hz vkiwfrZ ls
(a) ifjiFk dh çfrck/kk tqM+k gSA
(b) ç—fr lfgr 'kfä xq.kkad (a) ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk oxZ ek/; ewy eku fdruk
gS\
23. çnf'kZr ifjiFk esa R = 100 Ω gSA ;fn oksYVrk] (b) ,d iw.kZ pØ esa dqy fdruh 'kfä O;; gksrh
/kkjk ls 60° vxzxkeh gS] rks Kkr dhft;s &
(a) L=ksr }kjk nh x;h /kkjk
gS \
(b) vkSlr 'kfä
R
26. ,d 130 oksYV ds çR;korhZ L=ksr ls ,d pksd ,d
L C
çfrjks/k Js.khØe esa la;ksftr gSA ;fn çfrjks/k ds
fljksa ij foHkokUrj dk eku 50 V gS rks pksd
V=200 sin100 πt volt dq.Myh ij foHkokUrj dk eku D;k gksxk\

20. VªkalQkWeZj
VªkalQkWeZj vU;ksU; izsj.k ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA tks izR;korhZ foHko ds de vkSj vf/kd eku dks ,d nwljs esa ifjofrZr
djrk gSA
,d VªkUlQkWeZj nks dq.Myh dk cuk gksrk gS tks fd ,d gYdh yksg ØksM ij fyiVh gksrh gSA ftls izkFkfed dq.Myh
rFkk f}rh; dq.Myh dgrs gS rFkk bu ij Qsjks dh la[;k Øe'k% Np rFkk Ns gSA izkFkfed dq.Myh ds lkis{k fuos'kh
izR;korhZ oksYVrk rFkk f}rh;d dq.Myh ds lkis{k fuxZr izR;korhZ oksYVrk vkjksfir djrs gSA
ge ekurs gS ,d vkn'kZ VªkalQkseZj og gS ftlesa izkFkfed dq.Myh es ux.; izfrjks/k gksrk gS vkSj iwjk ¶yDl
izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d dq.Myh esa laEc} gksrk gSA
;fn φ izkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d dq.Myh esa ¶yDl izokg gSA rc
dφ
izkFkfed dq.Myh es fo/kqr okgd cy, εp = –Np ...(i)
dt
dφ
blh rjg f}rh;d dq.Myh esa iszfjr fo/kqr okgd cy, εs = –Ns ...(ii)
dt
bu lehdj.kksa ls
f}rh;d d.qMyh es izkIr AC okYsVrk Vs εs Ns
= = = = ...(iii)
ikzFkfed d.qMyh es nh xbZ AC oksYVrk Vp εp NP
ueZ yksg ØksM ueZ yksg ØksM

izkFkfed f}rh;d izkFkfed f}rh;d

(a) (b)
fp= % izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d dq.Myh esas okÃf.Max dh nks fLFkfr
(a) nks dq.Myh;k¡ ,d nwljs ds Åij gSA
(b) nks dq.Myh;k¡ Øks< ij vyx&vyx gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 185
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Note : fuEufyf[kr /kkj.kk,sa Åij fn;s x;s lEcU/kksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA
• izkFkfed /kkjk vkSj izfrjks/k de gSA
• nksuks izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d dq.Myh;ksa es leku ¶yDl lEc) gSA
• f}rh;d /kkjk de gksrh gSA
,d VªkalQkseZj esa dqN ÅtkZ dh ges'kk gkfu gksrh gSA Bhd rjg ls cuk;s x;s ,d VªkalQkseZj dh {kerk yxHkx
95% rd gks ldrh gSA ;fn VªkalQkseZj dh {kerk 100% rd eku yh tk;s ¼dksbZ ÅtkZ dk ãl ugh½
P = IpVp = IsVs
Ip Vs N
Thus = = S ....(iv)
Is Vp NP
bl lehdj.k es] /kkjk rFkk foHkoks dk f'k[kj rFkk oxZ ek/; ewy eku gks ldrk gSA D;ksfd foHko rFkk /kkjk nksuks
leku vko`fŸk ls nksyu djrs gSA
rc ge dg ldrs gS
N  N 
Vs =  s  Vp and Is =  p  ...(v)
 Np 
   Ns 
mPpk;h VªkalQkseZj ds fy;s]
Vs > Vp blfy, Ns > NP vkSj Is < Ip
vipk;h VªkalQkseZj ds fy;s]
Vs < Vp blfy, Ns < Np vkSj Is > Ip
oLrqr% VªkalQkseZj esa ÅtkZ gkfu ds fuEu dkj.k gS]
(1) ¶yDl dk {kj.k (Flux Leakage) VªkalQkseZj esa ges'kk dqN ¶yDl {kj.k gksrk gSA iwjk ¶yDl izkFkfed ls xqtj
dj f}rh;d esa ugh tkrk gSA
(2) Qsjksa dk izfrjks/k (Resistance of the windings) VªkalQkseZj esa dqN ÅtkZ dk Å"ek ds :i esa ál gks tkrk
gSA mPp /kkjk ds le; eksVs rkj dk mi;ksx djds bldks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(3) Hk¡oj /kkjk,s (Eddy Currents) izR;korhZ pqEcdh; ¶yDl yksg ØksM es Hk¡oj /kkjk,s izsfjr djrk gS vkSj mlds
dkj.k Å"ek mRiUu gksrh gSA bldh gkfu dks de djus ds fy;s iVfyr yksg ØksM dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
(4) 'kSfFkY; gkfu (Hysteresis Losses) izR;korhZ pqEcdh; {ks= ds }kjk yksg ØksM ckj&ckj pqEcfdr o fopqEcfdr
gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ÅtkZ] ØksM es Å"ek ds :i es izkIr gksrh gS vkSj bl gkfu dks de djus ds fy, ,sls
inkFkksZ dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] ftudh pqEcdh; “kSfFkY; gkfu de gksA

yEch nwjh rd ÅtkZ dk izlkj.k o forj.k djus es VªkalQkseZj dh mi;ksfxrk

tfu= (Generator) dh fuxZr oksYVrk mPpk;h gksrh gS] blfy, /kkjk U;wu gks tkrh gSA QyLo:i I2R gkfu de
gks tkrh gS] rc bldks yEch nwjh ij fLFkr ml {ks= esa LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tkrk gS tgk¡ xzkgd jgrk gSA
;gk¡ oksYVrk vipk;h gksrh gSA ;g vkxs forj.k miLVs'ku vkSj mi;ksxh [kEHkksa ij gh] gekjs ?kjksa esa vkus ls igys
220 V gks tkrh gSA

Example 43:
2400 V dk foHko çnku djus ds fy, 120 V ykbu ij ,d mPpk;h VªkalQkeZj dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn
çkFkfed dq.Myh esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k 75 gS] rks f}rh;d dq.Myh esa ?ksjksa dh la[;k gksxh &
(1) 25 (2) 150 (3) 1500 (4) 500
Solution:
NS V
= S ,
NP VP
NS = 1500

186 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Example 44:
,d VªkalQkeZj dk mi;ksx 220 V dh vkiwfrZ ls 100 W, 110 V ds ySai dks tykus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn
izkFkfed /kkjk 0.5 A gS rks VªkalQkeZj dh n{krk yxHkx gS &
(1) 30% (2) 50% (3) 90% (4) 10%
Solution:
Pout 100
%η= × 100 = × 100 = 90%
Pin 220 × 0.5

Example 45:
,d VªkalQkeZj esa Np = 500, Ns = 5000, fuos'kh foHko 20 V gS vkSj vko`fÙk 50 Hz gSA fuxZr foHko vkSj vko`fr D;k
gSa &
(1) 200 V, 40 Hz (2) 100 V, 50 Hz (3) 200 V, 50 Hz (4) 150 V, 40 Hz
Solution:
Vs Ns
Use = VªkalQkeZj esa vko`fÙk leku jgrh gSA
Vp Np

Exercise 1.9

1. VªkalQkseZj dh ØksM iVfyr D;ksa j[kk tkrk gSA 3. VªkalQkseZj dks d.c. oksYVrk dks c<+kus ds fy;s D;ks
iz;qDr ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
2. 220 V fuos'kh dh eq[; vkiwfrZ dks 11 V esa ?kVkus
ds fy, ,d vipk;h VªkalQkseZj dks mi;ksx esa fy;k 4. Hk¡oj /kkjk ds nks vuqiz;ksx fyf[k,A
x;k gSA ;fn izkFkfed dq.Myh esa 5 A dh /kkjk rFk
f}rh;d dq.Myh esa izokfgr /kkjk 90 A gks rks
VªkalQkseZj dh n{krk Kkr djks ?

Sarvam Career Institute 187

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Exercise 2

1. ,d dq.Myh dks tc 12 V ds fn"V /kkjk L=ksr ls 6. LCR Js.khØe ifjiFk esa izfrjks/k] la/kkfj= rFkk izsjd
tksMk+ tkrk gS 4 A dh /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gSA ;fn ds fljks ij oksYVrk 10 V gSA ;fn la/kkfj= dks gVk
;g dq.Myh 12 V rFkk 50 rad/sec ds izR;korhZ fn;k tk, rc izsjd ds fljks ij oksYVrk gksxh&
/kkjk L=ksr ls tqM+h gksrh gS rc blesa 2.4 A dh
10
/kkjk izokfgr gksrh gSA dq.Myh dk izsjdRo gS & (1) 10 V (2) V
2
(1) 48 H (2) 4 H
(3) 12.5 H
–2
(4) 8 × 10 H (3) V (4) 20 V

2. ,d rkj ls izokfgr /kkjk lehdj.k I = t ds 7. ,d A.C. ifjiFk esa R Ω dk izfrjks/k ,d izsjdRo

vuqlkj le; ds lkFk ifjorhZr gksrh gSA le; L ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tqM+k gqvk gSA ;fn oksYVrk
vUrjky t = 2 to t = 4s ds vUrxZr rms /kkjk dk rFkk /kkjk ds e/; dyk dks.k 45° gks rc izsjdh;
lgh eku gksxk& izfr?kkr dk eku gksxk&
(1) 3A (2) 3 A (1) R/4
(3) 3 3 A (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (2) R/2
(3) R
3. ,d Js.khØe izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk dk izfrjks/k (4) fn, x, vkdM+ks ls Kkr ugh fd;k tk ldrk
4 Ω rFkk izsjd dk izfr/kkr 3 Ω gSA ifjiFk dh
izfrck/kk z1 gSA vc 6 Ω izfr?kkr ds ,d la/kkfj=
8. ,d dq.Myh dk izsjdRo 0.7 H rFkk bls 220 Ω
dks mijksDr la;kstu ds Js.kh Øe esa tksM+rs gS
izfrjks/k ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tksMk+ tkrk gSA tc
z1
izfrck/kk z2 gks tkrh gS, rc gksxkA 50 cps ij 220 V dk izR;korhZ fo- ok- cy bl ij
z2
yxk;k tkrk gS rc ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk 'kfDrghu
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 5 : 4
(3) 4 : 5 (4) 2 : 1 ?kVd gS &
(1) 5 A (2) 0.5 A
4. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk vehVj dks ifjiFk esa /kkjk ekiu (3) 0.7 A (4) 7 A
esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS tc ifjiFk ls fn xbZ fn"V
/kkjk xqtkjh tkrh gS izR;korhZ /kkjk vehVj dk 9. 2 A dh fn"V /kkjk rFkk 2 A vf/kdre eku dh
ikB~;k¡d 3 A gksrk gSA tc vU; izR;korhZ /kkjk izR;korhZ /kkjk nks leku izfrjks/kksa esa ls xqtjrh gS
ifjiFk ls xqtkjh tkrh gS A.C. vehVj dk ikB~a;kd
nksuksa izfrjks/k esa mRiUu m’ek dk vuqikr gksxk &
4 A gks tkrk gSA ;fn D.C. rFkk A.C. dks ifjiFk ls
,d lkFk xqtkjk tk, rc bl vehVj dk ikB;kad (1) 1 : 1
gksxk- (2) 1 : 2
(1) 3 A (2) 4 A (3) 2 : 1
(3) 7 A (4) 5 A (4) 4 : 1

5. ,d izsjd (L) rFkk izfrjks/k (R) ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk 10. ,d ifjorhZ /kkjk I = I0sin (ωt – π/2) ifjiFk esa
L=ksr ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tqM+s gq, gS oksYVrk (V)
rFkk /kkjk (I) ds eè; dykUrj 45° gSA vc ,d izokfgr gks jgh gSA foHko E = E0sin ωt ifjiFk ij
la/kkfj= (C) dks L-R ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tksM+rs gS vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gS 'kfDr àkl gksxk &
;fn V rFkk C ds e/; dykUrj leku jgs rc (1) P = E0I0/ 2
L-C-R ifjiFk dk /kkjrh; izfr?kkr rFkk izfrck/kk
gksxh- (2) P = E0I0/2
(1) R, 2R (2) 2R, R 2 (3) P = EI/ 2
(3) R, R (4) 2R, R (4) P = 'kwU;
188 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS

11. ,d izR;korhZ oksYVrk E = 200 2 sin(100t) oksYV 16. tc 100 V fn"V /kkjk L=ksr dks ,d dq.Myh ls
,d 1 µF la/kkfj= ls ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk (AC) tksM+k tkrk gS rc blesa ls 1 A /kkjk izokfgr gksrh
vehVj }kjk tqMk gqvk gS vehVj dk ikB~;k¡d gS& gS tc 50 Hz ij 100 V izR;korhZ /kkjk dks leku
(1) 10 mA (2) 20 mA
dq.Myh ij vkjksfir fd tkrh gS rc dsoy 0.5 A
izokfgr gksrh gS dq.Myh dk izsjdRo gS &
(3) 40 mA (4) 80 mA
(1) 0.55 H (2) 55 mH
(3) 0.55 mH (4) 5.5 mH
12. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk esa V rFkk I fuEu }kjk
fn, x, gS & 17. fp= esa n'kkZ, x, ifjiFk esa ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk
V = 100 sin(100t) volts L=ksr V = 20cos (2000t) oksYV] oksYVrk nsrk gS
I = 100 sin(100t + π/3) mA L=ksr dk izfrjksèk ux.; ekfu,A oksYVehVj rFkk
ifjiFk esa O;f;r 'kfDr gS & vehVj dk ikBa;kd gksxk&
4
(1) 10 watt (2) 10 watt 6Ω
A
(3) 2.5 watt (4) 5.0 watt

5 mH, 4 Ω 50 µF
13. ,d cYc rFkk la/kkfj= izR;korhZ /kkjk ds ,d L=ksr
ls Js.khØe esa tqM+s gq, gSA ;fn bldh vko`fÙk dks
L=ksr dh oksYVrk fu;r j[kdj c<+k;k tk, rc V
(1) cYc vf/kd rhozrk izdk'k nsxk (1) 0 V, 1.4 A (2) 5.6 V, 1.4 A
(2) cYc de rhozrk dk izdk'k nsxk (3) 0 V, 0.47 A (4) 1.68 V, 0.47 A
(3) cYc leku rhozrk dk izdk'k iwoZ dh Hkk¡fr nsxk
(4) cYc izdk'k dks fofdfjr djuk cUn dj nsxk 18. ,d ifjiFk esa 20 Ω izfrjks/k rFkk 0.4 H izsjdRo dks
50 Hz vko`fr ds 220 oksYV ds ,d L=ksr ds lkFk
14. ,d jsfM;ks LVs'ku ds nksfy= ifjiFk dk izsjdRo tksMk+ tkrk gS rc φ dk eku gksxk &
–1 –1
10 feyh gsujh gS rFkk bldh /kkfjrk 0.25 µF gSA (1) tan (4π) (2) tan (2π)
–1 –1
izfrjks/k ds izHkko dks ux.; ekurs gq, izlkfjr rjax (3) tan (1π) (4) tan (3π)
dh rjaxns/;Z gksxh&
8 19. fp= esa ,d la/kkfj= C rFkk ,d izfrjks/k R ,d
(izdk'k dk osx = 3.0 × 10 m/s, π = 3.14)
4
izR;korhZ /kkjk L=ksr ls tqM+s gq, gS V1 rFkk V2
(1) 9.42 × 10 m
4
oksYVehVj gS rFkk A ,d vehVj gS fuEu dFku ij
(2) 18.8 × 10 m fopkj fdft,&
4
(3) 4.5 × 10 m (I) A rFkk V2 esa ikB~;k¡d lnSo dyk es gS
(4) bues ls dksbZ ugh (II) V1 esa ikB~;k¡d V2 esa ikB~;k¡d ls vkxs gS
(III) A rFkk V1 esa ikB~;k¡d lnSo dyk esa gS
15. ,d dq.Myh dk izsjdRo 0.7 gsujh gS rFkk ;g 220 bu dFkuksa esa ls dkSulk@ls lgh gS &
Ω izfrjks/k ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tqM+h gqbZ gSA tc V1
50 Hz o 220 V dk izR;korhZ fo-ok- cy bl ij
vjksfir fd;k tkrk gS rc og dyk ftlds }kjk C

/kkjk vkjksfir fo-ok- cy ls i'pxkeh gksxh rFkk R V2

ifjiFk esa /kkjk dk 'kfDrghu ?kVd Øe'k% gksxk &

A
(1) 30°, 1 A (2) 45°, 0.5 A
(3) 60°, 1.5 A (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (1) I dsoy (2) II dsoy
(3) I rFkk II dsoy (4) II rFkk III dsoy
Sarvam Career Institute 189
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
20. ,d Js.khØe LCR ifjiFk esa izfrjks/k] izsjd rFkk 23. ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad Kkr
la/kkfj= ij oksYVrk Øe'k% 1 V, 3 V rFkk 2 V gSA dhft, ftlesa izfrjks/k (R) izsjdRo (L) Js.khØe esa
fdlh {k.k t ij tc L=ksr oksYVrk V = V0 cos ωt, tqM+s gq, gks rFkk dks.kh; vko`fr ω gks
}kjk fn xbZ gks rc ifjiFk esa /kkjk gksxh & R R
(1) (2)
 π  π ωL (R + ω2L2 )1/2
2

(1) I = I0 cos  ωt +  (2) I = I0cos  ωt − 

 4  4 ωL R
(3) (4)
 π  π R (R 2 − ω2L2 )1/2
(3) I = I0cos  ωt +  (4) I = I0cos  ωt − 
 3  3
24. ,d fo|qr i¡[ks dh eksVj dk LoizsjdRo 10 H gS 50
21. fo- ok- cy e = E0sin(100t) dk ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk Hz ij vf/kdre 'kfDr ds fy, bls fdrus /kkfjrk
L=ksr ,d ifjiFk ds fljks ls tqM+k gqvk gks rc ds la/kkfj= ls tksM+uk pkfg,A
ifjiFk esa fo- ok- cy rFkk /kkjk ds e/; dykUrj (1) 4 µF (2) 8 µF
fp= esa n'kkZ,x,uqlkj π/4 izsf{kr gksrk gSA ;fn (3) 1 µF (4) 2 µF
ifjiFk esa dsoy R-C ;k R-L ;k L-C Js.khØe esa gks
rc nksuksa vo;oksa ds e/; lEca/k Kkr dhft,A 25. izR;korhZ /kkjk rFkk fo-ok- cy ds e/; dykUrj π/2
I or e I gS fuEu esa ls dkSulk ifjiFk dk ?kVd ugha gS &
e
(1) C dsoy (2) R L
(3) L C (4) L dsoy

(1) R = 1 kΩ, C = 10 µF 26. ,d Js.khØe vuquknh LCR ifjiFk esa R ds fljks ij

(2) R = 1 kΩ, C = 1 µF oksYVrk 100 oksYV rFkk R = 1 kΩ o C = 2 µF gSA
(3) R = 1 kΩ, L = 10 H vuquknh vko`fŸk ω dk eku 200 rad/s gS vuqukn
(4) R = 1 kΩ, L = 1 H ij L ds fljks ij oksYVrk gS &
–3
(1) 250 V (2) 4 × 10 V
22. L izsjdRo dk ,d izsjd rFkk R izfrjks/k Js.khØe esa –2
(3) 2.5 × 10 V (4) 40 V
tqM+s gq, gS rFkk ω vko`fr ds ,d L=kSr }kjk tqM+s
gq, gSA ifjiFk esa O;f;r 'kfDr gS& 27. ,d Js.khØe LCR ifjiFk esa R = 200 Ω eq[;
(R + ω L )
2 2 2
vkiwfrZ dh oksYVrk rFkk vko`fÙk Øe'k% 220 V rFkk
(1)
V 50 Hz gS ifjiFk ls la/kkfj= dks gVkus ij /kkjk]
V2R oksYVrk ls 30° }kjk i'p jgrh gSA ifjiFk ls izsjd
(2)
(R 2 + ω2L2 ) dks gVkus ij /kkjk] oksYVrk ls 30° }kjk vkxs jgrh
V gS LCR ifjiFk esa O;f;r 'kfDr gS &
(3)
(R 2 + ω2L2 ) (1) 242 W (2) 305 W
R 2 + ω2L2 (3) 210 W (4) 'kwU; W
(4)
v2

190 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Exercise 3

1. d‚ye I dks d‚ye II ls feyk,¡A Read the Questions (4 to 8)

d‚ye I d‚ye II dFku vkSj dkj.k /;ku ls ns[ks vkSj lgh fodYiksa
(A) VR (p) I ls vkxs π/2 dks fpfàr djsaA
(A) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa lR; gSa vkSj dkj.k]
(B) VC (q) I ds lkekUrj
dFku dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
(C) VL (r) I ls ihNs π/2
(B) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuksa lR; gSa ysfdu dkj.k]
(1) A → (p); B → (q); C → (r) dFku dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(2) A → (q); B → (r); C → (p) (C) dFku lR; gS ysfdu dkj.k xyr gSA
(3) A → (r); B → (q); C → (p) (D) dFku vkSj dkj.k xyr gSaA
(4) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q)
4. dFku: tc la/kkfj= fdlh AC lzksr ls tqM+k gksrk
2. d‚ye I dks d‚ye II ls feyk,¡A gS] rks ;g /kkjk dks lhfer ;k fu;fer djrk gS]
d‚ye I d‚ye II ysfdu vkos'k ds çokg dks iwjh rjg ls ugha jksdrk
(A) VRm (p) imXL gSA
dkj.k: la/kkfj= dks ,dkUrj :i ls vkosf'kr ,oa
(B) VCm (q) imR
fujkosf'kr fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd çR;sd vk/ks&pØ
(C) VLm (r) imXC esa /kkjk O;qRØe gks tkrh gSA
(1) A → (p); B → (q); C → (r) (1) A (2) B
(2) A → (r); B → (q); C → (p) (3) C (4) D
(3) A → (p); B → (r); C → (q)
(4) A → (q); B → (r); C → (p) 5. dFku: Js.kh esa LCR ifjiFk ds vuqukn gks ldrh
gSA
3. d‚ye I dks d‚ye II ls feyk,¡A dkj.k: ;fn izsjdh; vkSj /kkfjfr; izfr?kkr cjkcj
gks rks vuqukn gksrk gSA
d‚ye I d‚ye II
(1) A (2) B
(A) çfrjks/kh; (p) dksbZ 'kfä
(3) C (4) D
ifjiFk viO;; ugha gS
(B) fo'kq) :i ls (q) XC = XL ds 6. dFku: AC lzksr ,d ifjiFk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA ifjiFk
izzsjdh; ;k dkj.k esa O;; gksus okyh 'kfä P gSA 'kfä dsoy çfrjks/k
/kkfjrh; ifjiFk vf/kdre ij {k; gksrh gSA
'kfDr viO;; dkj.k: AC ifjiFk esa izsjd vkSj la/kkfj= fdlh Hkh
(C) LCR Js.kh (r) 'kfä dk {k; fctyh dh [kir ugha djrs gSA
ifjiFk dsoy izfrjks/k (1) A (2) B
XC = XL esa gksxk (3) C (4) D
(D) LCR ifjiFk ds (s) vf/kdre
vuqukn ij 'kfDr viO;; 7. dFku: AC dk vkSlr eku ,d iw.kZ pØ esa lnSo
'kkfDr O;; 'kwU; gksrk gSA
dkj.k: AC dk vkSlr eku lkekU;r: v)Z pØ esa
(1) A → (p); B → (q); C → (r); D → (s)
ekik tkrk gSA
(2) A → (s); B → (p); C → (r); D → (q)
(1) A (2) B
(3) A → (r); B → (p); C → (s); D → (q) (3) C (4) D
(4) A → (q); B → (p); C → (r); D → (s)
Sarvam Career Institute 191
 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
8. dFku: tc Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa vko`fÙk vuqukn 12. ,d AC Js.kh ifjiFk esa] R = 10 Ω, XL = 20 Ω vkSj
vko`fÙk ls vf/kd gksrh gS] rks ;g ,d çsjdh; XC = 10 Ω gS, lgh fodYi pqusaA
ifjiFk gksxkA (1) oksYVrk Qyu /kkjk Qyu ls vkxs gS
dkj.k: ifj.kkeh foHko, /kkjk ls vxzxkeh gSA (2) ifjiFk dh dqy çfrck/kk 10 2 Ω gSA
(1) A (2) B
(3) foHko Qyu vkSj /kkjk Qyu ds chp dyk
(3) C (4) D
dks.k 45° gSA
1
9. ,d AC ifjiFk esa] 'kfDr xq.kkad (4) ifjiFk dk 'kkfDr xq.kkad gSA
2
(1) 'kkfDr xq.kkad bZdkbZ gS tc ifjiFk iwjh rjg
ls çfrjks/kh; gSA Paragraph for Questions (13 to 29)
(2) 'kfDr xq.kkad bZdkbZ gS tc ifjiFk iwjh rjg ls f'k[kj eku 283 V vkSj vko`fÙk 50 Hz dk ,d
çsjdh; gSA T;koØh; oksYVst ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk ij yxk;k
(3) 'kkfDr xq.kkad bZdkbZ gS tc ifjiFk iwjh rjg tkrk gS ftlesa R = 3 Ω, L = 25.48 mH,
ls /kkfjrh; gSA C = 796 μF gSA mijksä rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij
(4) 'kkfDr xq.kkad 0-5 gS tc çsjdh; izfr?kkr vkSj fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
/kkfjrh; izfr?kkr dk varj çfrjks/k dk 1-732
xquk gSA 13. RMS foHko–
(1) 50 V (2) 100 V
10. 60 V, 60 W jsfVax dh ,d Vîwc ykbV 100 V vkSj (3) 200 V (4) 250 V
50 Hz vko`fÙk ds AC lzksr ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA rc
4 14. XL
(1) H dk izjs d Js.kh esa tqMuk pkfg,
5π (1) 2 Ω (2) 4 Ω
250 (3) 6 Ω (4) 8 Ω
(2) µF dk la?kkf=r blds Js.kh esa tqMuk
π
pkfg, 15. XC
2 (1) 2 Ω (2) 4 Ω
(3) H dk izjs d Js.kh esa tqMuk pkfg,
5π (3) 6 Ω (4) 8 Ω
(4) Js.kh esa 40 Ω dk izfrjk/k tqMuk pkfg,
16. Z
11. fp= esa fn[kk, x, ifjiFk ds fy,] fof'k"V ekuksa (1) 2 Ω (2) 3 Ω
ds lkFk ukekafdr fd, x,] lgh dFkuksa dk p;u (3) 4 Ω (4) 5 Ω
djsa
17. f'k[kj /kkjk
40 Ω XL = 20 Ω
(1) 56.6 A (2) 26.6 A
100 V (3) 16.2 A (4) 7.2 A
2A
18. dyk dks.k
~ (1) 43.13° (2) 53.13°
V = V0 sin ωt (3) 60° (4) 90°
(1) çfrjks/kd ij oksYVst 80 V gS
(2) /kkfjfr; izfr?kkr 50 Ω gS 19. rms /kkjk
(3) iszjdRo ij oksYVst 40 V gS (1) 10 A (2) 20 A
(4) vkjksfir oksYVst dk f'k[kj eku 100 V gS (3) 30 A (4) 40 A

192 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
20. la/kkfj= ij rms foHko– 29. vuqukn ij O;; gksus okyh 'kfä
(1) 120 V (2) 160 V (1) 13.33 kW (2) 23.33 kW
(3) 320 V (4) 0 V (3) 4 kW (4) 7 kW

21. izsjd esa rms foHko– For the questions (30 to 32)
(1) 120 V (2) 160 V fp= esa fn[kk, x, ifjiFk ij foHko E = E0 sin
(3) 320 V (4) 0 V (ωt) yxk;k tkrk gSA oksYVehVj dh jhfMax
V1 = 100 V, V2 = 125 V, V3 = 150 V vkSj ,ehVj
22. çfrjks/kd ds fljks ij rms foHko– dh ikB~;kad 5 A gSA rks–
(1) 120 V (2) 160 V A
(3) 320 V (4) 0 V
V1 V2 V3
23. ifjiFk esa 'kfä dk viO;;
(1) 4800 W (2) 240 W ∼
(3) 120 W (4) 12 W E = E0 sin (ωt)

24. 'kfä xq.kkad 30. ifjiFk dh ifj.kkeh çfrck/kk gS

(1) 0.1 (2) 0.4
(1) 5 37 Ω (2) 5 26 Ω
(3) 0.5 (4) 0.6
(3) 5 17 Ω (4) 5 29 Ω
25. fuos'kh 'kfDr
(1) 4800 W (2) 240 W 31. ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad gS
(3) 120 W (4) 12 W 4
(1)
17
26. vuqukn vko`fÙk 4
(2)
(1) 35.4 Hz (2) 45 Hz 29
(3) 50 Hz (4) 60 Hz 4
(3)
26
27. vuqukn ij Z dk eku 4
(4)
(1) 1 Ω (2) 2 Ω 37
(3) 3 Ω (4) 4 Ω
32. E0 dk eku gS
28. vuqukn ij /kkjk
(1) 25 17 V (2) 20 17 V
(1) 66.67 A (2) 1 A
(3) 0 A (4) ∞ (3) 20 34 V (4) 25 34 V

Sarvam Career Institute 193

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

1. Loizsjd L dh ,d dq.Myh] cYc B rFkk AC L=ksr 5. ,d izsjd 20 mH, ,d la/kkfj= 50 µF rFkk ,d

ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tksMh+ tkrh gSA cYc dh ped izfrjks/k 40 Ω, fo- ok- cy V = 10 sin 340t ds
de gks tk,xh] tc & [NEET_2013] L=ksr ds fljks ij Js.khØe esa tqM+s gq, gSA izR;korhZ
(1) dq.Myh ds ?ksjksa dh la[;k de gks tkrh gS /kkjk ifjiFk esa 'kfDr àkl gS& [NEET–I_2016]
(2) tc ,d la/kkfj= ftldk izfr?kkr XC = XL gks] (1) 0.51 W (2) 0.67 W
og ifjiFk esa tksM+k tk,sa (3) 0.76 W (4) 0.89 W
(3) dq.Myh esa ,d ykSgs dh NM+ izos'k djk nh tkrh
gS 6. oksYVrk V(t) = V0 sin ωt ,d vkn'kZ la/kkfj= C ds
(4) AC lzksr dh vko`fRr de gks tkrh gS fljks ij vkjksfir dh tkrh gSA [NEET-I_2016]
(1) /kkjk Ι(t), oksYVrk V(t) ls 90° }kjk i'pxkeh gS
2. ,d VªkalQkWeZj dh n{krk 90% gS] ;g 200 V o 3 (2) iw.kZ pØ ds nkSjku la/kkfj= C oksYVrk L=ksr ls
fdyksokV dh ikoj lIykbZ ij dke dj jgk gSA dksbZ ÅtkZ dk miHkksx ugha djrk
;fn] f}rh;d dq.Myh ls 6 ,sfEi;j dh /kkjk (3) /kkjk Ι (t), oksYVrk V(t) ds lkFk dyk esa gSA
izokfgr gks jgh gS] rks f}rh;d dq.Myh ds fljksa ds (4) /kkjk Ι(t), oksYVrk V(t) ls 180° }kjk vxzxkeh
chp foHkokUrj rFkk izkFkfed dq.Myh esa fo|qr /kkjk gS
dk eku Øe'k% gksxk & [NEET_2014]
(1) 450 V, 13.5 V (2) 600 V, 15 A 7. lapkj gsrq fdlh L-C-R ifjiFk ds csgrj leLoj.k
(3) 300 V, 15 A (4) 450 V, 15 A ¼V;wfuax½ ds fy, fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk
la;kstu mi;qDr gksxk \ [NEET_2016]
3. ,d izfrjks/k R dh 'kfDr P gS] tc ,d izR;korhZ (1) R = 15 Ω, L = 3.5 H, C = 30 µF
/kkjk L=ksr ls tqM+k gqvk gksA ;fn ,d izsjdRo dks (2) R = 25 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 45 µF
izfrjks/k ds lkFk Js.khØe esa tksM+k tkrk gS bl rjg (3) R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 35 µF
ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk Z gks tkrh gS] 'kfDr gksxhA (4) R = 25 Ω, L = 2.5 H, C = 45 µF
[AIPMT_2015]
R R  8. fdlh L-C-R ifjiFk esa izfrjks/kd] la/kkfj= rFkk
(1) P (2) P  
Z Z izsjd dq.Myh ds fljksa ds chp foHkokUrj 80 oksYV]
2
R  40 oksYV rFkk 100 oksYV gSaA ifjiFk dk 'kfDr
(3) P (4) P  
Z xq.kkad gksxk& [NEET_2016]
(1) 0.8 (2) 1.0
4. ,d Js.khØe RC ifjiFk] ,d izR;korhZ oksYVrk (3) 0.4 (4) 0.5
L=ksr ls tqM+k gqvk gS nks fLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj
fdft,& 9. ,d izsjd 20 mH, ,d la/kkfj= 100 μF rFkk ,d
(a) tc la/kkfj= ok;q ;qDr gks & izfrjks/k 50 Ω ,d emf L=ksr ls Js.kh Øe esa tqM+s gS]
(b) tc la/kkfj= esa ekbdk iêh gks & tgka V = 10 sin 314 t ifjiFk esa 'kfDr {k; dk eku
izfrjks/kd esa /kkjk i gS rFkk la/kkfj= ds fljks ij gksxkA [NEET_2018]
oksYVrk V gks rc & [Re-AIPMT_2015] (1) 0.79 W
(1) Va = Vb (2) Va < Vb (2) 0.43 W
(3) Va > Vb (4) ia > ib (3) 2.74 W
(4) 1.13 W

194 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
10. tujsVj ds fy, le; ds lkFk fo-ok- cy ds 14. vkjs[k esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj fdlh dq.th ls gksdj fdlh
ifjorZu dks fp= esa fn[k;k x;k gSA muesa ls fdls ac L=ksr dks fdlh fo|qr cYc vkSj izsjd dq.Myh
AC dgk tk ldrk gS \
ls la;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA dqath dks cUn djus ds
[NEET_2019(Odisha)]
E E dqN le; i'pkr~ izsjd dq.Myh ds Hkhrj fdlh
ykSg dh NM+ dks izosf'kr djk fn;k tkrk gSA ,slk
(a) t (b) t
djus ij cYc dh ped [NEET_2020(Covid)]

E E

(c) t (d) t

(1) (a) rFkk (d) (2) (a), (b), (c) rFkk (d) ~ •
(3) (a) rFkk (b) (4) dsoy (a)
(1) ?kVrh tk,xh
(2) vifjofrZr jgsxh
11. ,d ifjiFk tc 12 V ds AC L=ksr ls tqM+k gksrk gS
rks 0.2 A dh /kkjk nsrk gSA ogh ifjiFk tgka 12 V (3) mrkj p<+ko gksxk
ds DC L=ksr ls tqM+k gksrk gS] rks 0.4 A dh /kkjk nsrk (4) c<+ tk,xh
gSA ifjiFk gksxk : [NEET_2019(Odisha)]
(1) LR Js.kh (2) RC Js.kh
(3) LC Js.kh (4) LCR Js.kh
15. fn[kk;s x;s fp= ds vuqlkj ,d L izsjdRo dk izsjd]
,d C /kkfjrk rFkk ,d 'R' izfrjks/k dk izfrjks/kd
12. dksbZ Js.kh LCR ifjiFk fdlh AC oksYVrk L=ksr ls 'V' foHkokUrj ds izR;korhZ L=ksr ls Js.kh Øe esa tqMs+
la;ksftr gSA tc L dks gVk fy;k tkrk gS] rks /kkjk gSaA L, C, R ij foHkokUrj Øe'k% 40 oksYV, 10 oksYV
π
vkSj oksYVrk ds chp dk dykUrj gksrk gSaA ;fn rFkk 40 oksYV gSaA LCR Js.kh ifjiFk esa izokfgr /kkjk
3
blds LFkku ij ifjiFk ls C dks gVkrs gSa] rks Hkh 10 2 ,fEi;j gSaA ifjiFk dh izfrck/kk gS %
π [NEET_2022]
/kkjk vkSj oksYVrk ds chp dykUrj gh jgrk
3
gSA bl ifjiFk dk 'kfDr xq.kkad gS &
[NEET_2020]
40 V 10 V 40 V
(1) 1.0 (2) –1.0
(3) 'kwU; (4) 0.5
~
V
13. 40 µF ds fdlh la/kkfj= dks 200 V, 50 Hz dh a.c
(1) 4 2 Ω
dh vkiwfrZ ls la;ksftr fd;k x;k gSA bl ifjiFk
esa /kkjk dk oxZ ek/;e ewy (rms) eku gS yxHkx& (2) 5 / 2 Ω
[NEET_2020]
(3) 4 Ω
(1) 2.5 A (2) 25.1 A
(3) 1.7 A (4) 2.05 A (4) 5 Ω

Sarvam Career Institute 195

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
16. 10 H ¼gsujh½ izsjdRo] 10 µF /kkfjrk ,oa 50 Ω izfrjks/k 20. ,d Js.kh LCR ifjiFk esa] çsjdRo L 10 mH gS]
okyk ,d Js.khc) LCR ifjiFk] V = 200 sin (100t) /kkfjrk C 1 µF gS vkSj çfrjks/k R 100 Ω gSA og
oksYVst okys ,d izR;korhZ /kkjk (a.c.) L=ksr ds lkFk vko`fÙk ftl ij vuqukn gksrk gS\ [NEET_2023]
(1) 15.9 rad/s (2) 15.9 kHz
tqM+k gqvk gSA ;fn LCR ifjiFk dh vuquknh ν0 ,oa
(3) 1.59 rad/s (4) 1.59 kHz
ac L=ksr dh vko`fÙk v gS] rks: [NEET_ 2022]
(1) ν0 = ν = 50 Hz 21. fn, x, ifjiFk esa ,d AC lzksr tqM+k gqvk gS, φ
50 dk eku gksxk\ [NEET_2023(Manipur)]
(2) ν0 = ν = Hz
π 100 Ω
1
50 � �H
(3) ν0 = Hz, ν= 50 Hz π
π

(4) ν = 100 Hz; ν0 =

100
Hz
~
π V = 220 sin(100 πt + φ) volt
(1) 60° (2) 90°
17. 2 A dh /kkjk çokfgr djus okys 4 µH çsjdRo ds (3) 30° (4) 45°
,d çsjd esa laxzfgr pqacdh; ÅtkZ gS\
[NEET_2023] 22. ;fn Z1 vkSj Z2 fn, x, ifjiFk (a) vkSj (b) dh
(1) 4 µJ (2) 4 mJ izfrck/kk,a gSa tSlk fd fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gS] rks
lgh fodYi pqusa [NEET_2023(Manipur)]
(3) 8 mJ (4) 8 µJ
5 mH 10 Ω 103 10 Ω
μF
18. ,d 12 V, 60 W ySai ,d vipk;h VªkalQkeZj ds π
f}fr;d ls tqM+k gS] ftldk izkFkfed 220 V ds
ac eq[; vkiwfrZ ls tqM+k gSA VªkalQkeZj dks vkn'kZ (•) ∼
6V K 220 V, 50 Hz
ekurs gq,] izkFkfed dq.Myh esa /kkjk D;k gS\ figure (a) Figure (b)
[NEET_2023]
(1) 0.27 A (1) Z1 < Z2 (2) Z1 + Z2 = 20 Ω
(2) 2.7 A (3) Z1 = Z2 (4) Z1 > Z2
(3) 3.7 A
(4) 0.37 A
23. ,d AC ds fy, vf/kdre 'kfDr dk viO;; gksrk
gS\ [NEET_2023(Manipur)]
(1) çfrjks/kh; ifjiFk esa (2) LC ifjiFk esa
19. ifjiFk dh ifj.kkeh çfrck/kk ¼tSlk fp= esa fn[kk;k (3) iszjdh; ifjiFk esa (4) /kkfjfr; ifjiFk esa
x;k gS½ gksxh [NEET_2023]
24. cgqr mPp vko`fÙk;ksa ds fy,] ifjiFk dh çHkkoh
50 103 10 Ω çfrck/kk ¼fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gS½ gksxh\
mH
π μF [NEET_2023(Manipur)]
π
1Ω 1 µF 1 mH
~ 2 µF
220 V, 50 Hz
(1) 10 2 Ω 2 mH 3 Ω 2Ω
(2) 15 Ω ∼
(3) 5 5 Ω (1) 4 Ω (2) 6 Ω
(4) 25 Ω (3) 1 Ω (4) 3 Ω
196 Sarvam Career Institute
çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
25. ,d vkn'kZ VªkalQkeZj esa Qsjksa dh la[;kvksa dk 26. 50 Hz ij 220 V ds ,d ac 'kfDr&laHkj.k ls
Np 1 20 Ω dk ,d çfrjks/kd, 25 Ω çfr?kkr dk ,d
vuqikr = gSA vuqikr Vs : Vp cjkcj gS (izrhdksa
Ns 2 la/kkfj= vkSj 45 Ω çfr?kkr dk ,d çsjd
dk izpfyr vFkZ iz;qDr fd;k x;k gS): Js.kh&Øe esa la;ksftr gSaA ifjiFk esa laxr /kkjk
[NEET_2024] vkSj /kkjk ,oa oksYVst ds chp dyk&dks.k Øe'k% gS&
(1) 1 : 1 [NEET_2025]
(2) 1 : 4 (1) 15.6 A vkSj 30° (2) 15.6 A vkSj 45°
(3) 1 : 2 (3) 7.8 A vkSj 30° (4) 7.8 A vkSj 45°
(4) 2 : 1

Sarvam Career Institute 197

 PHYSICS çR;korhZ /kkjk
ANSWER KEYS

Exercise 1.1
1. (4) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (1) 5. (2) 6. (3) 7. (2)
8. (1) 9. (1) 10. (1) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (2)
14. High frequency & large peak value of voltage

Exercise 1.2
1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (4) 4. (4) 5. (4) 6. (1) 7. (3)

8. (2) 9. (2) 10. 200 V

Exercise 1.3
1. (1) 2. (1) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5. (2) 6. (1) 7. (1)

8. 2.5 ms 9. (a) 0.01 s, (b) 60°

Exercise 1.4
1. (2) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (2) 7. (3)
8. (2) 9. (2) 10. (2) 11. (2) 12. (2) 13. (2) 14. (3)
 π
15. (3) 16. (1) 17. 2.1 A 18. 10000sin  1000t −  A 19. 1A
 2

20. XC = 212 Ω, Irms = 1.03 A; I0 = 1.46 A.

If frequency is doubled then current will be double because capacitive reactance will be halved.
21. 2.49 A 22. (a) resistor, (b) inductor

Exercise 1.5
1. (1) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (1) 6. (1) 7. (4)

8. (2) 9. (1) 10. R = 5 Ω and=

XL 5 3 Ω 11. 1H 12. 240.2 Ω

13. (A) – r, (B) – p, (C) – p, (D) – p, (E) – r 14. (a) 2.4 A, (b) 2.5 ms 15. 15.9 mH

Exercise 1.6
1. (2) 2. (1) 3. (3) 4. (1) 5. (3) 6. (2) 7. (1)
8. (4) 9. (4) 10. 2.5 A, 25 V

198 Sarvam Career Institute

çR;korhZ /kkjk PHYSICS
Exercise 1.7
1. (3) 2. (1) 3. (2) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (3) 7. (4)
8. (3) 9. (3) 10. (2) 11. (1) 12. (3) 13. (3)
1
14. (a) ωr = 50 rad/s, (b) Im = 8.13 A 15. (a) ω0 = , (b) φ = 0° (always zero)
LC
π
16. φ= 17. (a) 6.63 × 102 Hz, (b) Quality factor Q = 21.7
4

Exercise 1.8
1. (2) 2. (4) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (4) 6. (1) 7. (4)
8. (1) 9. (4) 10. (3) 11. (3) 12. (3) 13. (3) 14. (3)
15. (4) 16. (1) 17. (1) 18. 0.08 H 19. 0.75 20. (a) 4000 joule, (b) 2.12 A

21. (a) R = 500 ohm, X = 500 3 ohm, (b) 2.5 watts

1 1
22. (a) Impedance Z = 22 Ω, (b) Power factor = (lagging) 23. (a) A, (b) 50 W
2 2

24. 16 A 25. (a) 2.2 A, (b) 484 watt 26. 120 V

Exercise 1.8
1. To reduce eddy current 2. 90%
3. Working of transformer is based on mutual induction
4. Application of eddy current (i) Induction furnace, (ii) Electric Brakes

Exercise 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 1 1 4 2 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Ans. 1 2 2 3 2 1 1

Exercise 3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 1,3,4 1,4 1,2,3 1,2,3,4 3 4 2 4 1 2 4 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
Ans. 3 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 4

Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 3 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 1 3 4
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26
Ans. 4 1 1 4 4 4

Sarvam Career Institute 199

 Notes

Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS

Chapter
oS|qrpqEcdh;
5
rjaxsa
v/;k; voyksdu ifjp;
–'; çdk'k ds :i esa oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa gh gekjs fy, gekjs pkjksa vksj
– ifjp; mifLFkr fo'o dks ns[kuk lEHko cukrh gSaA vojä rjaxsa gekjs i;kZoj.k
– ,sEih;j dk ifjiFk fu;e ,oa dks xeZ j[krh gSaA jsfM;ks rjaxsa gekjs ilUnhnk Vhoh vkSj jsfM;ks dk;ZØeksa
mlds vuqç;ksx
dks ge rd ykrh gSaA vkSj ;g lwph pyrh gh pyh tkrh gSA bl v/;k;
– oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxksa ds L=ksr
esa ge foLFkkiu fo|qr/kkjk] oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxksa] muds fofHkUu Hkkxksa vkSj
– i‚bfVax lfn'k
muds mi;ksxksa ds ckjs esa v/;;u djsaxsA
– çR;korhZ jkf'k;ksa dk ifjekiu
– dykUrj vkSj dyk:i vkjs[k
1. ,sEih;j dk ifjiFk fu;e ,oa mlds vuqç;ksx
eku ysa fd ,d lekukUrj iÍ lU/kkfj= gS ftls fp= esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj
vkosf'kr fd;k tk jgk gSA ;fn fdlh {k.k ij lU/kkfj= ij vkos'k Q
gks vkSj tksM+us okys rkj esa rkR{kf.kd fo|qr/kkjk I gks rc]
dQ
I=
dt
nks lrgksa A1 vkSj A2 ij fopkj djsa x
–
– +
tks fd ,d can ik'k xy }kjk ifjc) I –
– + I
–
– A1+ A2
gSaA lrg A1 lU/kkfj= ds nksuksa –
– +
–
– +
–
ifÍdkvks ds chp gS vkSj A2 ifÍdkvks I – +
–
I
ds ckgj gSA +
–
{ks= A2, fo|qr/kkjk I }kjk Hksfnr gS
fo-ok-cy L=ksr
fdUrq {ks= A1, bl fo|qr/kkjk }kjk
Hksfnr ugha gSA
bl dkj.k ls] lrg A2 ds fy,
 
∮ B ⋅ d =
µ0 Ι
 
lrg A1 ds fy,] ∮B.d = 0
bl çdkj bl fLFkfr esa ,sEih;j ds ifjiFk fu;e dks ykxw djus esa ,d
fojks/kkHkkl fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
Sarvam Career Institute 201
 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
1.1 foLFkkiu fo|qr/kkjk
"foLFkkiu fo|qr/kkjk og fo|qr/kkjk gS tks le; ds lUnHkZ esa fo|qr ¶yDl ds ifjorZu dh nj ds dkj.k mRiUu
x
gksrh gSA" foLFkkiu fo|qr/kkjk dk lw= fuEuor gS : –
– + P
I –
– +
d –
– + A2
ε0 ( φE )
Id = –
–A +
dt –
– 1+
–
;g fo|qr/kkjk (,sEih;j ds fu;e dk yqIr in) lrg A1 ls çokfgr gksrh gS – y+
–
I
vkSj bls eSDloSy foLFkkiu fo|qr/kkjk dgk tkrk gSA – +
uksV : fo-ok-cy L=ksr
(i) ,sEih;j ds ifjiFk fu;e dh lqlaxfr cus jgus ds fy,] la/kkfj= dh ifÍdkvks ds e/; dksbZ fo|qr/kkjk vo';
gksuh pkfg,A bls foLFkkiu fo|qr/kkjk (Id) blfy, dgrs gSa D;ksfd ;g ifjrrZu'khy fo|qrh; {ks= vFkok oS|rq
foLFkkiu ds dkj.k mRiUu gksrh gSA
(ii) pkyd esa fo|qr/kkjk] vkos'k okgd ds çokg ds dkj.k gksrh gS vr% mls pkyu fo|qr/kkjk Ic dgk tkrk gSA
(iii) ,sEih;j ds la'kksf/kr ifjiFkh; fu;e esa] "eqä f=foe esa fdlh lao`Ùk ik'k ds vuqfn'k pqacdh; {ks= dk js[kh;
lekdyu] ik'k esa ls xqtj jgh dqy fo|qr/kkjk (pkyu vkSj foLFkkiu dk ;ksx) dk μ0 xquk gksrk gSA"
 
µ 0 ( Ic + Id )
∫ ⋅ d =
B

1.2 EkSDlosy ds lehdj.k

eSDloSy ds lehdj.k fo|qrh; {ks= E vkSj pqacdh; {ks= B, ftuds ;zksr fo|qr vkos'k ,oa fo|qr/kkjk gS] esa lEcU/k
LFkkfir djrs gSaA eqä f=foe esa eSDloSy ds lehdj.k fuEuor gksrs gSa :
  q ifjc)
(i) ∫ E ⋅ ds =ε 0
;g lehdj.k fLFkjoS|qr esa xkml ds fu;e dks fu:fir djrk gS] blds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh can

1
lrg ls çokfgr fo|qrh; ¶yDl] lrg }kjk ifjc) dqy vkos'k dk xquk gksrk gSA
ε0
 
(ii) ∫ = 0 bl lehdj.k dks pqacdRo esa xkml dk fu;e ekuk tkrk gSA blds vuqlkj fdlh can lrg ls
B.ds
çokfgr dqy pqacdh; ¶yDl 'kwU; gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd fdlh can lrg esa çfo"V gks jgh pqacdh; cy
js[kkvksa dh la[;k] ml can lrg ls ckgj fudy jgh pqacdh; cy js[kkvksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj gksrh gS] vFkkZr
pqacdh; {ks= fdlh fcUnq ij vkjEHk vFkok lekIr ugha gksrk gS vkSj blh dkj.k ls] ,dy /kqzoks dk dksbZ vfLrRo
ugha gSA
  dφ
(iii) ∫ ⋅ d =
E − B
dt
;g lehdj.k QSjkMs dk fo|qrpqacdh; çsj.k dk fu;e gSA ;g fu;e fo|qrh; {ks= dks
ifjorZu'khy pqacdh; ¶yDl ds lkFk lEcfU/kr djrk gSA "le; ds lUnHkZ esa ifjofrZr gks jgs pqacdh; {ks= ls
;qä fdlh {ks= esa pkyd ik'k dks j[kus ls mlesa çsfjr fo|qr/kkjk bl lehdj.k dh iqf"V djrh gSA"
   dφE 
(iv) ∫ B ⋅ d = µ 0  IC + ε0

 ;g lehdj.k ,sEih;j&eSDloSy fu;e dks vFkok ,sEih;j ds fu;e ds la'kksf/kr
dt 
:i dks n'kkZrk gSA bl fu;e ds vuqlkj] "fdlh can ik'k ds vuqfn'k pqacdh; {ks= dk js[kh; lekdyu] can
ik'k }kjk ifjc) {ks= esa ls xqtj jgh dqy fo|qr/kkjk dk μ0 xquk gksrk gSA" ;g fu;e bl ckr dk o.kZu nsrk
gS fd fdlh çdkj fo|qrh; ¶yDl vkSj pkyu fo|qr/kkjk] nksuksa dks cny dj pqacdh; {ks= mRiUu fd;k tk
ldrk gSA

202 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
Example 1:
n'kkZb, fd ,d la/kkfj= ds vkos'ku ds nksjku pkyu /kkjk foLFkkiu /kkjk ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
Solution:
ekuk fdlh {k.k ij la/kkfj= dh IysVksa ij vkos'k dk ifjek.k Q gSA izR;sd IysV dk {ks=Qy A gSA la/kkfj= dh IysVks
ds e/; os|qr {ks=
Q –Q
E= ....(i) A Q
Aε0 +
I A+
IysVks ds e/; Hkkx ls xqtjrs {ks= dk ¶yDl fuEu gS +
+
Q +
φE = E × A = ×A y I
Aε0
Q fo-ok-cy L=ksr
φE = ...(ii)
ε0
foLFkkiu /kkjk Ιd gSA
dφE d Q 1 dQ
Ιd = ε0 × = ε0   = ε0 ×
dt dt  ε0  ε0 dt
dQ
Ιd = ...(iii)
dt
dQ
og nj gS ftl ij vkos'k pkyd rkj esa ls xqtjrk gqvk la/kkfj= dh /kukRed IysV rd igq¡prk gS
dt
dQ
blfy, Ιc = ...(iv)
dt
lehdj.k (iii) rFkk (iv) ls
Ιd = Ιc

Example 2:
,d lekUrj iê la/kkfj=, f=T;k r = 0.1 m dh nks o`Ÿkkdkj ifêdkvksa ls fufeZr gSA ;s ,d nwljs ls nwjh
dE 13 V
d = 0.5 mm }kjk foHkDr gSA ;fn la/kkfj= dh ifêdkvksa ds e/; os|qr {ks= = 5 × 10 ds vuqlkj
dt m× s
ifjofrZr gksrk gS rc ifêdkvkssa ds e/; foLFkkiu /kkjk Kkr fdft, &
Solution:
IysV A dk {ks=Qy = πr2 = 3.14 × (0.1)2 m2
 dE 
Ιd = ε0A   ;
 dt  {
dφE
dt
=A
dE
dt }
–12 2 13
= 8.85 × 10 × 3.14 × (0.1) × 5 × 10
Ιd = 13.9 A

Example 3:
0.1 m f=T;k dh nks o`Ÿkkdkj ifêdkvksa dk iz;ksx dj ,d lekUrj iê la/kkfj=
4 cm
cuk;k tkrk gSA ;fn ifêdkvksa ds e/; foLFkkiu /kkjk 2π ,fEi;j gks rc ifêdk axis of
ds v{k ls 4 cm dh nwjh ij foLFkkiu /kkjk }kjk mRiUu pqEcdh; {ks= Kkr fdft,A plates

Sarvam Career Institute 203

 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
Solution:
foLFkkiu /kkjk dk /kkjk ?kuRo
2π 2 2
Jd = = = 200 A/m
π(0.1)2
0.01
2 –4
id(ifjc)) = Jd × π(0.04) = 200 × π × 16 × 10
–2
= 32 × π × 10 A ≈ 1A
 
∫ B·d = µ0i(ifjc))
–7
B × 2π(0.04) = 4π × 10 × 1
2 × 10–7 –5
B= = 0.5 × 10
4 × 10–2

–6
B = 5 × 10 T

Exercise 1.1

1. tc ,d la/kkfj= dks vkosf'kr fd;k tkrk gS & 5. oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax mRiUu gksrh gS &
¼ Ic = pkyu /kkjk, Id = foLFkkiu /kkjk½ (1) fojke vkos'k }kjk
(1) Ic = 0, Id ≠ 0 (2) Rofjr vkos'k }kjk
(2) Ic ≠ 0, Id = 0 (3) nksfy= vkos'k }kjk
(4) nksuks (2) vkSj (3)
(3) Ic = Id, ysfdu leku fn'kk gS
(4) Ic = Id ysfdu foijhr fn'kk gS
6. ,d oS|qr {ks= 2.0 cm2 {ks=Qy okyh ifÍdk ds
,d la/kkfj= dh ifÍdkvks ds e/; 6 × 106 V/m dh
 dφ 
2. ε0  E  dh foek gS nj ls ifjofrZr gks jgk gS rc foLFkkiu /kkjk gS &
 dt  -8
(1) 1.06 × 10 A
(1) [AT] (2) [A]
-9
2 -2 -1 -2 (2) 2.7 × 10 A
(3) [ML T ] (4) [ML T ]
-7
(3) 5.4 × 10 A
-6
3. foLFkkiu /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gS & (4) 2 × 10 A
(1) dsoy izfrjks/k esa (2) dsoy la/kkfj= esa
(3) dsoy izsjd esa (4) bu lHkh esa 7. ;fn ,d {ks= esa] ,d le; ifjofrZr oS|qr {ks= gks
rc fuEu esa ls dkSulh esDlosy lehdj.k eq[;
4. ,d fo|qr pqEcdh; rajx esa fo|qr ÅtkZ ?kuRo dk mi;ksxh gksxh&
→  dφ
vkSlr eku&
1 2
(1) ∫  = I + ε0 dtE
B.d
(1) ε0E → 
2 (2) ∫ B.d = µ0 I
E2 
(2) →
 dφE 
2ε0 (3) ∫ B.d = µ 0  I + ε0 dt 
(3) ε0E2 →  dφ 

1 2
(4) ∫  = µ0 I + ε0 dtB 
B.d
(4) ε0E
4

204 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
8. esDloSy lehdj.k 10. ,d lekUrj iÍ l/kkafj= dk vkos'k q = q0 sin 2π ft
 
∫ = 0
B.ds ls ifjofrZr gksrk gSA ifÍdk cgqr cM+h gS rFkk ,d
nwljs ds lehi gS ({kS=Qy = A, chp dh nwjh = d)
,d dFku gSA
dksuks ds izHkko dks ux.; ekurs gq;s foLFkkiu /kkjk]
(1) QSjkMs dk izsj.k dk fu;e
la/kkfj= ds lkis{k gksxhA
(2) ,Eih;j fu;e dk la'kks/ku
q q
(3) fo|qr dk xkÅl& fu;e (1) (2) sin 2π ft
Aε0 ε0
(4) pqEcdRo dk xkÅl fu;e
2πfq0
(3) 2π f q0 cos 2π ft (4) cos 2π ft
ε0
9. esDloSy lehdj.k
   dφE  11. ,d lekUrj iÍ la/kkfj=] nks o`Ÿkh; ifÍdkvks
∫ B.d = µ 0  I + ε0


dt  izR;sd dh f=T;k 2 cm gS dk cuk gS, tks 0.1 mm
,d dFku gSA dh nwjh ij j[kh gSA ;fn IysVks ds e/; oksYVrk
13
(1) QSjkMs dk izsj.k dk fu;e 5 × 10 V/s dh nj ls ifjofrZr gks jgh gSA rc
(2) ,Eih;j fu;e dk la'kks/ku foLFkkiu /kkjk dk eku gSA
2
(3) fo|qr dk xkÅl& fu;e (1) 5.50 A (2) 5.56 × 10 A
3 4
(4) pqEcdRo dk xkÅl fu;e (3) 5.56 × 10 A (4) 2.28 × 10 A

2. oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxksa ds L=ksr

"os rjaxsa tks Rofjr o vkosf'kr d.kksa }kjk mRiUu dh tkrh gSa vkSj os ,d&nwljs ds vuqçLFkor ,oa T;koØh; :i
ls yEcor o lapj.k dh fn'kk esa daiu dj jgs fo|qr o pqacdh; {ks= ls feydj cuh gksrh gSa] oS|rq pqacdh; rjaxsa
vFkok oS|qrpqacdh; fofdj.k dgykrh gSaA"
fuEukfdr HkkSfrd ifj?kVukvksa esa ;s rjaxsa mRiUu gksrh gSa :
(i) fojkekoLFkk esa mifLFkr dksbZ fo|qrh; vkos'k vius pkjksa vksj dsoy fLFkjoS|qr {ks= gh mRiUu djrk gSA
(ii) ,dleku osx ls py jgk dksbZ vkos'k (vFkkZr vifjorhZ fo|qr/kkjk) fo|qrh; vkSj pqacdh;] nksuksa {ks= mRiUu
djrk gSA ;gk¡ pqacdh; {ks= le; ds lkFk&lkFk ugha cnyrk gS vr% ;g le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr gksus okyk
fo|qrh; {ks= mRiUu ugha djrk gSA
(iii) Rofjr vkos'k fo|qrh; vkSj pqacdh;] nksuksa {ks= mRiUu djrk gS tks LFkku o le; ds lkFk&lkFk ifjofrZr
gksrk gS vkSj fo|qrpqacdh; rjax cukrk gSA
(iv) Rofjr vkos'k (LC nksyuksa dh fLFkfr esa) viuh vko`fÙk (vFkkZr nksyu dj jgs LC ifjiFk dh vko`fÙk) ds
cjkcj vko`fÙk okyh oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa mRiUu djrk gSA
(v) ukfHkd ds pkjksa vksj fLFkj d{kk esa ifjfØek dj jgk bySDVª‚u oS|qrpqacdh; rjax mRiUu ugha djrk gSA ;g
dsoy mPprj ÅtkZ d{kk ls fuEurj ÅtkZ d{kk esa vkrs le; gh oS|qrpqacdh; rjax mRiUu djrk gSA
(vi) tc dksbZ mPp xfr okyk bySDVª‚u] mPp ijek.kq Hkkj rFkk mPp xyukad fcanq okys y{; ls Vdjkrk gS] rc
oS|qrpqacdh; rjax (X&fdj.k) mRiUu gksrh gSA
(vii) jsfM;ks/kfeZrk esa ukfHkd ds fo&mÙkstu ds nkSjku oS|qrpqacdh; rjax (γ&fdj.k) mRiUu gksrh gSaA

Sarvam Career Institute 205

 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
2.1 oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxksa ds egRoiw.kZ vfHky{k.k ,oa mudh ç—fr
(i) ;g Rofjr vkos'k }kjk (tSls fd X&fdj.k) ,oa nksyu dj jgs vkos'k }kjk (tSls LC nksyu) mRiUu gksrh gSA
1
(ii) ;g eqä f=foe esa 3 × 108 m/s dh pky ls ;k=k djrh gS tks fd vxzkafdr lw= ls çkIr gksrh gS C =
µ0 ε0
(iii) bu rjaxksa dks lapj.k djus ds fy, HkkSfrd ek/;e dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA
  
(iv) bu rjaxksa esa E vkSj B vkSj T;koØh; :i ls cnyrs gSaA E
 x
vkSj B vkSj leku LFkku o leku le; ij vf/kdre gks tkrs E
gSa fdUrq os ,d&nwljs ds yEcor gksrs gSa o lkFk gh lapj.k dh
z
fn'kk ds Hkh yEcor gksrs gSaA bl dkj.k ls nksuksa {ks=ksa ds e/;
dykUrj 'kwU; gksrk gSA fo|qr ,oa pqacdh; {ks=ksa ds vk;keksa dk y B
E0  
,d&nwljs ls lEcU/k c = ls çkIr gksrk gSA lapj.k dh fn'kk E × B ls Kkr dh tk ldrh gSA
B0
(v) fdlh ek/;e esa fo|qrpqacdh; rjax dk osx] ek/;e ds fo|qrh; o pqacdh; xq.kksa ls fu/kkZfjr gksrk gS] fo|qrh;
o pqca dh; {ks= lfn'k ds vk;ke }kjk ughaA
1
fdlh ek/;e esa oS|qrpqacdh; rjax dh pky gksrh gS v =
µε
(vi) fo|qrpqacdh; rjaxksa }kjk ogu dh tk jgh ÅtkZ] fo|qrh; {ks= vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ds chp leku :i ls
1 1 B20
foHkkftr jgrh gSA dqy vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo U = ε0E20 =
2 2 µ0
(vii) oS|qrpqc
a dh; rjax dk fo|qrh; {ks= lfn'k çdk'kh; çHkko mRiUu djrk gS vr: bls çdk'k lfn'k Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
(viii) fo|qrpqacdh; rjax] fo|qr {ks= ,oa pqacdh; {ks=] nksuksa gh ls fo{ksfir ugha gksrh gS D;ksfd blesa QksV‚u uked
vukosf'kr d.k gksrs gSAa
(ix) fo|qrpqacdh; rjax dh çcyrk dh ifjHkk"kk gS "fo|qrpqacdh; rjax ds lapj.k dh fn'kk ds yEcor çfr bdkbZ
{ks=Qy ls çfr lSfdaM xqtj jgh ÅtkZA"
vkSlr rhozrk dk lw= gS
1 2
I= ε0E0c vFkok ε0E2rms c (fo|qrh; {ks= ds :i es)a
2
1 B20 2
Brms
=I = c × c (pqacdh; {ks= ds :i es)a
2 µ0 µ0
(x) fo|qrpqacdh; rjaxksa esa ÅtkZ vkSj laosx] nksuksa gksrs gSaA
U
laosx p = , tgk¡ U = eqä f=foe esa fo|qrpqacdh; rjax }kjk okfgr ÅtkZ ,oa c = eqä f=foe esa
c
fo|qrpqacdh; rjax dh pkyA
(xi) fofdj.k nkc dh ifjHkk"kk gS] "lrg ds bdkbZ {ks=Qy ij fo|qrpqacdh; rjax }kjk vkjksfir cy"

;fn lrg bl ij fxjrs ;fn lrg bl ij fxjrs vU; lHkh lrgksa ds fy,
fofdj.k dks vo'kksf'kr fofdj.k dks iw.kZr% I 2I
<P=
djrh gS] rc fofdj.k nkc ijkofrZr djrh gS] rc C C
P fofdj.k nkc P
I 2I
P= C P= C

206 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
Example 4:
fo|qr pqEcdh; fofdj.k ds ,d fcUnq L=ksr dh vkSlr fuxZr 'kfDr 800 okV gS rc Kkr fdft,A
(a) L=ksr ls 3.5m nwjh ij fo|qr {ks= dk vf/kdre eku
(b) pqEcdh; {ks= dk vf/kdre eku
(c) L=ksr ls 3.5m ij vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo
Solution:
P 800
Ι= =
4πr 2
4 × 3.14 × (3.5)2
2
Ι = 5.2 watt/m
1
(a) Ι = ε0 E20 × c
2
2× Ι 2 × 5.2 2 N
E0 = = = 0.626 × 10 = 62.6
ε0 × c 8.85 × 10 × 3 × 10
–12 8
C
E0 62.6 –8 –7
(b) B0 = = = 20.87 × 10 = 2.087 × 10 T
c 3 × 10 8

1 8.85 × 10–12 2 –8
(c) U = ε0 E20 = × (62.6) = 1.74 × 10
2 2

2.2 fo|qrh; {ks=] pqacdh; {ks= vkSj çdk'k dh pky ds chp dk lEcU/k
eku ysa fd ,d lery fo|qrpqacdh; rjax x-v{k ds vuqfn'k çlj.k dj jgh gSA fo|qrh; {ks= vkSj pqacdh; {ks=
ds lfn'k T;kdØh; :i ls Øe'k: y&v{k vkSj z-v{k ds vuqfn'k nksyu dj jgs gSa] rks]
Ey = E0 sin (kx – ωt) …(i)
2π
k = lapj.k fu;rkad = (λ = rjaxnS?;Z)
λ
Bz = B0 sin (kx – ωt) …(ii)
ω = dks.kh; vko`fÙk = 2πf (f = vko`fÙk)
ω 2πf
E0 vkSj B0 Øe'k: fo|qrh; vkSj pqacdh; {ks= ds vk;ke gSaA rks] =
K  2π 
 
 λ 
ω
;k = f × λ = rjax dh pky (v)
k

Example 5:
,d lery os|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa nksfy= pqEcdh; {ks= fuEu izdkj fn;k tkrk gSA
–6 11
By = 8 × 10 sin (5000 πx – 3 × 10 πt) T
Kkr dhft,
(a) vko`fŸk
(b) rjaxnS/;Z
(c) rjax dh pky
(d) oS|qr {ks= vk;ke
(e) nkSfy= os|qr {ks= ds fy, O;atd fyf[k,
Sarvam Career Institute 207
 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
Solution:
ekud lehdj.k ds lkFk fn xbZ lehdj.k dh rqyuk fdft,A
By = B0 sin(kx – ωt)
11 11 11
(a) ω = 3 × 10 π ⇒ 2πf = 3 × 10 π ⇒ f = 1.5 × 10 Hz
2π 2π –3
(b) k = ⇒λ= = 0.4 × 10 m = 0.4 mm
λ 5000π
ω 3 × 1011 × π 8 7
(c) v = = = 0.6 × 10 = 6 × 10 m/s
k 5000π
E0 7 –6 V
(d) v = , E0 = v × B0 = 6 × 10 × 8 × 10 = 480
B0 m
 
(e) tSls rjax x-v{k ds vuqfn'k xfr'khy gS E × B dks x- v{k ds vuqfn'k gksuk pkfg, –(kˆ × ˆj) =
ˆi

11 V
Ez = 480 sin (5000πx – 3 × 10 πt)
m

Example 6:
,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax x- v{k ds vuqfn'k fuokZr esa lapfjr gksrh gS tks 3 × 1010 Hz vko`fŸk ds nksfy= vkos'k
}kjk mRiUu gksrh gSA pqEcdh; {ks= (B0) dk vk;ke 1 × 10–7 T x-v{k ds vuqfn'k gS Kkr dhft, &
(a) rjax dh rjaxnS/;Z
(b) rjax dk lapj.k xq.kkad
(c) os|qr {ks= rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= ds fy, nksfy=
Solution:
c
(a) λ =
f
3 × 108 –2
= = 1 × 10 m
3 × 10 10

2π 2 × 3.14
(b) K = =
λ 10–2
2 –1
= 6.28 × 10 = 625 m
10
(c) E = cB0 = sin (2π × 3 × 10 t – 628x)
 10 N
E = 30 sin(6π × 10 t – 628 x) ĵ
C
 –7 10
B = 1 × 10 sin(6π × 10 t – 628 x) k̂ T

Example 7:
,d lery oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa os|qr {ks= 2 × 1010 Hz dh vko`fŸk rFkk 48 V/m vk;ke ij T;koØh; :i nksyu
ls djrk gSA nksfy= pqEcdh; {ks= dk vk;ke D;k gksxk
Solution:
nksfy= pqEcdh; {ks=
E 48 2
B= = = 16 × 10−8 Wb/m
c 3 × 10 8

208 Sarvam Career Institute

oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
Exercise 1.2

1. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax] ,d ek/;e esa 7. fuokZr esa fo/kqr pqEcdh; rjax dk losax P gks rc
8
2 × 10 m/s dh pky ds lkFk xfr dj jgh gSA rjax ls lEcfU/kr ÅtkZ cjkcj gksxhA ¼c izdk'k dh
;fn ek/;e dk vkisf{kd ikjxE;rk xq.kkad 1.0 gks pky½
rc vkisf'kr oS|qr 'khyrk Kkr djksaA Pc
(1) P × c (2)
(1) 2.25 (2) 4.5 2
(3) 0.5 (4) 4 P2 P
(3) (4)
2c c
2. oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs mRiUu gksrh gS \
(1) LFkk;h fo|qr ifjofrZr {ks= ls 8. ,d lery oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa oS|qr {ks= 3 ×
5
(2) LFkk;h pqEcdh; {ks= ls 10 Hz vko`fÙk ds lkFk T;koØh;:i ls nksyu dj
(3) le; ifjofrZr pqEcdh; {ks= ls jgk gSA rc fuokZr esa rjax dh rjaxnS/;Z gS &
2
(4) nksuks (2) o (3) (1) 10 m (2) 10 m
4 3
(3) 10 m (4) 10 m
3. ,d la/kkfj= dh ifÍdkvks ds e/; foLFkkiu /kkjk
mifLFkr gksrh gS tc la/kkfj= ij vkos'k gS & 9. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax] nksfy= oS|qr rFkk
(1) fu;r (2) vf/kdre pqEcdh; {ks= lfn'k ls cuh gqbZ gSA nksuksa nksfy=
(3) ifjofrZr (4) nksuks (1) o (3) {ks= ds e/; dykUrj gS &
π
(1) π (2)
4. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax x-v{k ds vuqfn'k lapfjr 2
gks jgh gks rc nksfy= oS|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= π
(3) (4) 'kwU;
lfn'k] vuqfn'k gksaxs& (Øe'k%) 4
(1) Y rFkk Z v{k ds (2) X rFkk Y v{k ds
(3) X rFkk X v{k ds (4) Z rFkk X v{k ds 10. ,d ek/;e esa oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax dh pky D;k gS
ftldk ijkoS/kqrkad 2.25 gS rFkk vkisf{kd
5. fofdj.k nkc dk fofe; lw= gS & ikjxE;rk 4 gksxhA
8 8
(1) [MLT ]
–2 –1 –2
(2) [ML T ] (1) 0.5 × 10 m/s (2) 0.25× 10 m/s
8 8
(3) [ML T ]
–2 --2 2 –2
(4) [ML T ] (3) 0.75 × 10 m/s (4) 1 × 10 m/s

6. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax z-v{k ds vuqfn'k fuokZr 11. fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax dk dkSulk ?kVd ek/;e ds
esa lapj.k dj jgh gSA oS|qr {ks= ?kVd lkFk izkFkfed :i ls fØ;k djrk gS &
(1) pqEcdh; lfn'k (2) oS/kqr lfn'k
Ex = E0 sin (kz – ωt) }kjk fn;k x;k gks rc
(3) nksuks (1) vkSj (2) (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
pqEcdh; ?kVd gS &
E0
=
(1) B x sin (kz − ωt) 12. fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS &
C
(1) oS|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= vkdk'k rFkk le; esa
B0
=
(2) B y sin (kz − ωt) nksyu djrs gq, ,d nwljs dks cuk;s j[krs gSA
C
(2) oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa esa mtkZ ds lkFk losx
a Hkh
E0
=
(3) B y sin (kz − ωt) gksrk gS
C
(3) oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs ;kfU=d nkc yxkrh gS
(4) By = B0C sin (kz – ωt)
(4) ;s lHkh

Sarvam Career Institute 209

 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
13. oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax fo{ksfir gksrh gS & 17. mijksDr iz'u esa Nr ij fofdj.k cy gksxk &
(1) oS|qr {ks= }kjk (1) 3.33 × 10 N
–5
(2) 5.33 × 10 N
–4

(2) pqEcdh; {ks= }kjk (3) 7.33 × 10 N

–3
(4) 9.33 × 10 N
–2

(3) nksuks (1) rFkk (2)

(4) u rks oS|qr {ks= vkSj u gh pqEcdh; {ks= }kjk 18. mijksDr ç'u esa 1 ?k.Vs esa Nr ij vkifrr lksyj
ÅtkZ gksxh &
14. oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxkss dh pky fuHkZj djrh gS & (1) 5.76 × 10 J
8
(2) 5.76 × 10 J
7

(1) rjaxnS/;Z ij 6 5
(3) 5.76 × 10 J (4) 5.76 × 10 J
(2) vko`fÙk ij
(3) rhozrk ij
19. fuokZr esa lapfjr fdlh fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax ds
(4) ek/;e] ftlesa ;g xfr djrh gS
fy;s] pqEcdh; rFkk oS|qr {ks=ksa ds vk;keksa dk
vuqikr gksrk gS-
15. fo|qr&pqEcdh; rjax dh izd`fr gS &
(1) fuokZr esa izdk'k ds osx ds O;qRØe ds cjkcj
(1) vuqnS/;Z (2) vuqnS/;Z vizxkeh
(2) fuokZr esa pqEcdh; ikjxE;rk rFkk oS|qr
(3) vuqizLFk (4) vuqizLFk vizxkeh
pqEcdh; izo`fÙk ds vuqikr ds cjkcj
(3) bdkbZ ¼,d½
16. lw;Z 103 W/m2 dk oS|qr pqEcdh; QyDl] i`Foh (4) fuokZr esa izdk'k ds osx ds cjkcj
dh lrg ij vkjksfir djrk gSA 8 m × 20 m foek
dh ,d Nr ij vkifrr dqy 'kfDr gksxh & 20. eqDr {ks= esa oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa oS|qr {ks= dk
3
(1) 6.4 × 10 W f'k[kj eku E0 = 6 V/m gSA pqEcdh; {ks= dk f'k[kj
4
(2) 3.4 × 10 W eku gS&
5
(3) 1.6 × 10 W (1) 1.41 × 10 T
–8
(2) 2.83 × 10 T
–8

(4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha (3) 0.70 × 10 T

–8
(4) 4.23 × 10 T
–8

3. i‚bfVax lfn'k
bldh ifjHkk"kk lapj.k dh fn'kk ds yEcor] bdkbZ vuqçLFk&dkV {ks=Qy ls gksdj] çfr bdkbZ le; esa rjax dsa
lapj.k dh fn'kk esa ÅtkZ ds çokg ds :i esa nh tkrh gSA
∴ çfr bdkbZ le; esa çfr bdkbZ {ks=Qy ls ÅtkZ çokg gksxk
1 dU
S =⋅ =
ε0cE2 =
Uc y cdt
A dt
u ÅtkZ ?kuRo gS
ε0 ε0 2 EB �E⃗
=
;k] S = E2 = E �⃗ �⃗
S
S
ε0 µ0 µ0 µ0 x
�B⃗ �⃗
E
 
 E ×B
S= ... [fuokZr esa i‚bfVax lfn'k] z
µ0
  cdt
E × B ÅtkZ ds lapj.k dh fn'kk dks çnf'kZr djrk gS
J W
S dk ek=d gS ;k 2
s −m 2
m

lfn'k S dks i‚bfVax lfn'k dgrs gSaA
210 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
4. oS|qrpqacdh; rjax dh rhozrk
bls "oS|qrpqacdh; rjax ds lapj.k dh fn'kk ds yEcor çfr bdkbZ {ks=Qy esa ls çfr bdkbZ le; esa xqtj jgh
ÅtkZ dh ek=k" ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
I=
ε0Ems
2
×c

4.1 fcUnq L=ksr/js[kk L=ksr/lery L=ksr ds dkj.k rhozrk

lzksr dh 'kfä = P
ftl fcUnq ij rhozrk dh x.kuk djuh gS ml fcUnq A dh nwjh = r
E P P
I
= = = W / m2
A × t A 4πr 2

1
fcanq L=ksr ds fy, I ∝
r r
1 A
js[kh; L=ksr ds fy, I ∝ 2 'kfDr = P
r
lery L=ksr ds fy, I ∝ r0

Example 8:
fl) fdft, fd os|qr pqEcdh; rajx esa os|qr {ks= dk vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo pqEcdh; {ks= ds vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo ds
cjkcj gksrk gS &
Solution:
1 2
E dk vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo UE = ε0E0
4
1 B02
B dk vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo UB =
4 µ0
E0
c=
B0
1 2 1 2 1 1 1 B20
So, UE = ε0(cB0) = ε0c B20 = ε0 × B20 =
4 4 4 (µ 0 ε 0 ) 4 µ0
UE = UB

Example 9:
,d os|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa os|qr {ks= dk vk;ke 1 V/m rFkk rjax dh vko`fr 5 × 1014 Hz gSA rjax z-v{k ds
vuqfn'k lapkfjr gks jgh gSA J/m3 esa fo|qr {ks= dk vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo gksxk&
Solution:
vkSlr ÅtkZ ?kuRo fuEu izdkj fn;k tkrk gS &
2
1 1 E  1
uE = ε0E2 = ε0  0  = ε0E02
2 2  2 4
1 –12 3
=× 8.85 × 10−12 × (1)2 = 2.2 × 10 J/m
4

Sarvam Career Institute 211

 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
Exercise 1.3

1. µ0ε0 dk fofe; lw= gS & 8. ;fn ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax fuokZr esa lapfjr gS
0 –1 –1
(1) [M L T ]
0 –2 –2
(2) [M L T ] ;g Ey = E0 sin (kx -ωt); Bz = B0 sin (kx - ωt) }kjk
0 –2 2
(3) [M L T ]
0 –1
(4) [M L T] of.kZr gS rc
(1) E0 k = B0 ω (2) E0 B0 = ω k
2. fo/kqr pqEcdh; rjaxksa dh rhozrk esa oS/kqr {ks= ,oa ω
(3) E0 ω = B0 K (4) E0B0 =
pqEcdh; {ks= dh Hkkxhnkjh dk vuqikr gksxk k
(1) C : 1 (2) 1 : 1
2 9. ,d lery oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa fuEu esa ls
(3) C : 1 (4) C :1
fdldk vkSlr eku 'kwU; gS
(a) pqEcdh; {ks= (b) pqEcdh; ÅtkZ
3. fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gSA (c) oS|qr {ks= (d) oS|qr mtkZ
'kfDr (1) (a), (c) (2) (b), (c)
(1) U = PC (2) rhozrk =
{k«skQy (3) (a), (d) (4) ;s lHkh
E
(3) B = (4) mijksDr lHkh
C 10. fp= fdlh fcUnq ij rFkk fdlh {k.k ij ,d oS|qr
pqEcdh; rjax dk pqEcdh; {ks= n'kkZrk gSA rjax]
4. fofHkUu izdkj dh oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs fuEu vk/kkj mtkZ dkss _.kkRed y fn'kk esa lapfjr djrh gS rc
ij ifjHkkf’kr gksrh gS& bl fcUnq rFkk bl {k.k ij oS|qr {ks= dh fn'kk gS&
(1) L=ksr ftlls ;s mRiUu gqbZ gS z
(2) vko`fÙk
(3) rjaxnS/;Z
(4) jax
y
5. IokbafVxa lfn'k tks fo|qr pqEcdh; rajx dh fn'kk �⃗
B
crkrk gS] dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA x
   
 E ×B  E ⋅B (1) z-v{k (2) –z-v{k
(1) J = (2) J =
µ0 µ0 (3) x-v{k (4) –x-v{k
   
 E ×B  E ×B  
(3) J = (4) =
J + E ⋅B
2µ0 µ0 11. 'kfDr P ds ,d fcUnq L=ksr ls dqN nwjh ij oS|qr
{ks= dk vk;ke gksxk ¼100% n{krk ysrs gq,½
6. ,d ek/;e dk vioZrukad fn;k tk,xk P P
(1) (2)
2 πr 2cε0 4 πr 2cε0
(1) µ r εr (2) µ 0 ε0
1 1 P P
(3) (4) (3) (4)
µ 0 εr µ 0 ε0 8 πr 2cε0 2 πr 2cε0

→ → 12. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax ds fy, rjax Qyu (S.I.

7. ;fn E rFkk B oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxks ds Øe'k% oS|qr bdkbZ es)a fuEu izdkj fn;k x;k gS &
rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= lfn'k dks iznf'kZr djrk gS rc 3 6 14
Ψ(x, t) = 10 sinπ(3 × 10 x –9 × 10 t) rjax dh
oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax ds lapj.k dh fn'kk gS & pky gS &
→ → 14 8
(1) E (2) B (1) 9 × 10 m/s (2) 3 × 10 m/s
6 7
→ → → → (3) 3 × 10 m/s (4) 3 × 10 m/s
(3) E × B (4) B × E
212 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
13. fuokZr esa fo|qrpqEcdh; rajxks dh dqy ÅtkZ fuEu 14. fuEu esa ls fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxks ds fy, xyr
lEcU/k }kjk nh tkrh gSA dFku pqfu, &
1 E2 B 2 1 1 (1) vuqizLFk gksrh gS
(1) ⋅ + (2) ε0 E2 + µ0B2
2 ε0 2µ0 2 2 (2) lHkh ek/;e esa leku pky ls xeu djrh gS
E2 + B 2 1 B2 (3) fuokZr esa izdk'k ds osx ls xfr djrh gS
(3) (4) ε 0 E2 + (4) vkos'k ds nksyu ds }kjk mRiUu dh tk ldrh gS
c 2 2µ0

5. gVZ~t dk ç;ksx
1887 esa gV~tZ us oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxksa dh mifLFkfr dks ç;ksxkRed :i ls LFkk;h djus esa lQyrk çkIr dhA
nksfy= LC&ifjiFkksa ds mi;ksx ls] mUgksus u dsoy oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxksa dks mRiUu rFkk irk yxk;k] cfYd buds
ijkorZu] viorZu o O;frdj.k ds xq.k/keksaZ dks Hkh çekf.kr fd;k rFkk vk'kadk dks Hkh nwj fd;k fd çdk'k fofdj.k
esa rjax ç—fr gSA

5.1 oS|qrpqacdh; LiSDVªe

lHkh Kkr fofdj.k feydj oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxksa ds cM+s ifjokj dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA ge bls ifjokj dgrs gSaA D;ksfd
;g iw.kZ oS|qrpqEcdh; LisDVªe gSaA blesa lfEefyr gS: xkek fdj.ksa] X&fdj.ksa] ijkcSaxuh çdk'k] –'; çdk'k] vojä
çdk'k] ekbØksrjax rFkk jsfM;ks rjaxsaA
Ø-l- Ukke rjaxnS/;Z ijkl vko~fr ijkl (Hz) lzksr
1. Xkkek fdj.ksa -4
1×10 m ls 1×10 m
-10 22
3×10 ls 3×10
18
ukfHkd
2. x- fdj.ksa –12 -8
1×10 m ls 1×10 m 3×10 ls 3×10
21 16
mPp ijek.kq la[;k rRo
;k bysDVªkWu ds eanu dh
ijek.kq mÙkstuk
3. ijkcSaxuh -10
6×10 m ls 3.8×10
-7 17
5×10 ls 7×10
14
ijek.kq dh mÙkstuk]
m LikdZ rFkk vkdZ ysEi
4. n`'; izdk'k -7
3.8×10 m ls 3.8×10
-7 14
7×10 ls 3×10
11
[email protected] mÙkstuk
m
5. vojDr -7
7.8×10 m ls 1×10
-10 14
7×10 ls 3×10
14
ijek.kqvksa ;k v.kqvksa dh
m mÙkstuk
6. lw{e rjaxsa -4
1×10 m ls 1×10 m
-1 12
3×10 ls 3×10
9
xeZ oLrq,a o nksfyr
ifjiFk nksfyr ifjiFk
jsfM;kwsa -3
1×10 m ls 100 km
11
3×10 ls 3×10
3

7. – vfrfjDr mPp vko`fr -3

1×10 m ls 1×10 m
-2 11
3×10 ls 3×10
10

– vfr mPp vko`fr -2 -1 10 9

1×10 m ls 1×10 m 3×10 ls 3×10
– vR;Ur mPp vko`fr -1 9 8
jsfM;ks rjaxsa
1×10 m ls 1 m 3×10 ls 3×10
– vR;f/kd mPp vko`fr
1 m ls 10 m 8
3×10 ls 3×10
7
– mPp vko`fr
10 m ls 100 km 7
3×10 ls 3×10
6
– e/;e vko`fr
100 m ls 1 km 6 5
– fuEu vko`fr 3×10 ls 3×10
1 km ls 10 km 5 4
– vfr fuEu vko`fÙk 3×10 ls 3×10
10 km ls 100 km 4 3
3×10 ls 3×10

Sarvam Career Institute 213

 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
5.2 oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa ds mi;ksx
fuEufyf[kr oS|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa ds dqN mi;ksx gSaA
(i) jsfM;ksa rjax o ekbØks rjax fofdj.kksa dk mi;ksx jsfM;ks o TV lapkj fudk; esa gksrk gSA
(ii) vojä fofdj.k ç;qä gksrh gS (a) çkphu nhokjksa ij jgL;e;h fyf[kr dks lkjxkfHkZr djus esa (b) xzhu
gkml esa ikS/kksa dks xeZ j[kus esa (c) ;q) esa dksgjs ;k /kqa/k esa ns[kus ds fy, D;ksfd ;s fofdj.k buls xqtj
tkrh gSA
(iii) ijkcSaxuh fofdj.kksa dk mi;ksx v–'; ys[ku ds lalwpu] okyh dkxtkr] U;kf;d foKku ç;ksx'kyk esa vaxqfy;ksa
ds fu'kku rFkk [kkus dh phtksa ds laj{k.k esa fd;k tkrk gSA
(iv) vojä] –'; o ijkcSaxuh fofdj.kksa dk v/;;u gesa LisDVªe v.kqvksa dh lajpuk rFkk o ckgjh dks'kksa esa
bysDVª‚uksa ds leatu dks le>us esa lgk;rk djrk gSA
(v) X&fdj.ksa ekal o jä ls xqtj ldrh gS ysfdu gfì;ksa ls ughaA X&fdj.kksa dk ;g xq.k fpfdRlk esa ç;qä
gksrk gS] ftlds ckn X&fdj.k QksVksxzkQ fufeZr gqvk gSA
(vi) X&fdj.kksa ds v/;;u ls ijek.kq lajpuk o fØLVy lajpuk dk irk pykA
(vii) γ&fdj.kksa ds v/;;u ls gesa ijek.kq ukfHkd dh lajpuk ds ckjs esa cgqewY; lwpuk feyrh gSA
(viii) mi;qä vko`fÙk dh oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxksa dk mi;ksx fpfdRlk foKku esa fofHkUu jksxksa ds bZykt ds fy, gksrk
gSA
(ix) vfr mPp vko`fÙk oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxksa (3000 MHz ls 30,000 MHz) dk mi;ksx jkMkj rFkk mixzg lapkj
esa gksrk gSA
6
(x) fo|qr rjaxksa (vko`fÙk 50 Hz ls 60 Hz) dk mi;ksx çdk'k ds fy, gksrk gSA ;s rjaxnS/kZ~; 5 × 10 m ls 6 ×
6
10 m okyh nqcZy rjaxsa gS rFkk A.C. ifjiFkksa ls mRiUu dj ldrs gSaA
(xi) oS|qrpqEcdh; rjaxsa fo|qr ;k pqEcdh; {ks= esa fo{ksfir ugha gksrh gSA

Exercise 1.4

1. fuEu esa ls dkSulk oS|qr pqEcdh; fofdj.k /kqU/k 4. dkSulh HkkSfrd jkf'k fuokZr esa x- fdj.ks rFkk
rFkk dksgjs esa ns[kus ds fy, iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS& γ- fdj.ks ds fy, leku gS
(1) jsfM;ks rjax (2) vojDr rjax (ΙR) (1) vko`fÙk (2) rjaxnS/;Z
(3) lw{e rjax (4) nzO; rjax (3) ,d QksVksu dh mtkZ (4) pky

5. ,d lery oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa pqEcdh; {ks=

2. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; fofdj.k dh mtkZ 13.2 KeV -7 3 11
= 2 ×10 sin (0.5×10 X + 1.5×10 t) }kjk fn;k
gSA rc fofdj.k fuEu {ks= ls lEcfU/kr gS &
x;k gS fdl {ks= esa bldh vko`fÙk jgsxh
(1) lw{e rajxksa ls
(1) n`'; izdk'k (2) vojDr
(2) x-fdj.kksa ls
(3) lw{erjax (mω) (4) jsfM;ks rjax
(3) vojDr (IR) ls
(4) n`'; {ks= ls 6. x&fdj.ksas fdlds dwnus ¼laØe.k½ ls mRiUu gksrs
gSa&
3. oS|qr pqEcdh; LiszDVªe dk Hkkx tks m’eh; rjax (1) ijek.kq dh fuEu ÅtkZ d{kk ls bysDVª‚u
dks iznf'kZr djrk gS & (2) ijek.kq dh mPp ÅtkZ d{kk ls bysDVª‚u
(1) lw{e rjaxs (2) jsfM;ks rjax (3) çksV‚u ukfHkd dh fupyh ls mPp ÅtkZ d{kk
(3) X-fdj.ksa (4) vojDr dh vksj
(4) çksV‚u ukfHkd dh mPp ÅtkZ d{kk ls fuEu dh
vksj
214 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
Exercise 2

1. fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa fo|qr {ks= E vkSj pqEcdu 4. lw;Z 3.9 × 1026 W dh nj ij os|qr pqEcdh; mtkZ
{ks= dh rhozrk H ds chp laca/k gS fofdfjr djrk gSA bldh f=T;k 6.96 × 108 m gSA
H lksyj lrg ij lw;Z izdk'k dh rhozrk gksxh &
(1) E = (2) E = H µ0 ε0
µ0 ε0 (in W/m )
2

4 5
µ0 ε0 (1) 1.4 × 10 (2) 2.8 × 10
(3) E = H (4) E = H
ε0 µ0 (3) 4.2 × 10
6
(4) 6.4 × 10
7

2. a aHkqtk ds ?kukHk ds fdukjs vk;rkdkj funsZa'k ra=

a 5. fuEu oS|qrpqEcdh; fofdj.k dks ÅtkZ ds c<+rs Øe
ds x, y rFkk z- v{k ds lekUrj gSA ,dleku fo|qr esa tekb;sA
 A. uhyk izdk'k B. ihyk izdk'k
{kS= E , y v{k ds lekUrj gS] rFkk ,dleku
 C. X-fdj.k D. jsfM;ks rjax
pqEcdh; {kS= B , x- v{k ds lekUrj gSA ?ku ds (1) D, B, A, C (2) A, B, D, C
izR;sd i`’B ls xqtjus okyh ÅtkZ ds izokg dh nj (3) C, A, B, D (4) B, A, D, C
gksxh&
�⃗
y E 6. lery fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax dk fuokZr esa fo|qr
{ks= dk vk;ke 9 × 10–3 V/m gSA pqacdh; {ks= dk
vk;ke gksxk:
–11 5
(1) 3 × 10 T (2) 3 × 10 T
x 1 1
�⃗
B (3) × 10−11 T (4) × 105 T
z 3 2.7
2
a EB
(1) x-y ry ds lekUrj rFkk 'ks"k esa 'kwU; 7. lapfjr oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa pqEcdh; {ks= dk
2µ0
f'k[kj eku 20 nT gSA oS|qr {ks= lkeF;Z dk f'k[kj
a2EB
(2) x-y ry ds lekUrj rFkk 'ks"k esa 'kwU; eku gksxk&
µ0
(1) 3 V/m (2) 6 V/m
a2EB (3) 9 V/m (4) 12 V/m
(3) lHkh i`’Bks ls
2µ0
a2EB 8. lw;Z ls vk jgs izdk'k ds oS|qr {ks= dk oxZ ek/;
(4) y-z ry ds lekUrj rFkk 'ks"k esa 'kwU;
2µ0 ewy eku 720 N/C gS oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax dk vkSlr
dqy ÅtkZ ?kuRo gksxk&
–6 3 –9 3
3. 100 W cYc ls fudyus okyh fofdj.k ds }kjk (1) 4.58 × 10 J/m (2) 6.37 × 10 J/m
–12 3 –3 3
3 m nwjh ij fLFkr fcUnq ij fo|qr {kS= dh rhozrk (3) 81.35 × 10 J/m (4) 3.3 × 10 J/m
E mRiUu gksrh gSA rks leku nwjh ij 50 W cYc ls
fofdfjr fo|qr {kS= dh rhozrk fdruh gksxhA 9. ,d ek/;e esa ,d d.k dk y foLFkkiu
π
y = 10 sin  100t + 20x +  m }kjk O;Dr fd;k
–6
E
(1)  4
2
(2) 2 E x;k gSA tgka t lSd.M esa gS rFkk x ehVj esa gSA
E rjax dh pky gS&
(3) (1) 2000 m/s (2) 5 m/s
2
(3) 20 m/s (4) 5π m/s
(4) 2E
Sarvam Career Institute 215
 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
10. x-fn'kk esa lapfjr ,d rjax dk foLFkkiu 14. ;fn λV, λX vkSj λm Øe'k% n`'; izdk'k X-ray rFkk
–4  π lq{e rjaxs dh rjaxnS/;Z ds iznf'kZr djrh gS] rc
y = 10 sin  600 t − 2x +  ehVj }kjk fn;k
 3 (1) λm > λX > λV (2) λV > λm > λX
x;k gSA-tgka x dks ehVj esa rFkk t dks lSd.M esa (3) λV > λX > λm (4) λm > λV > λX
O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA ms–1 esa rjax xfr dh pky
gksxh& 15. 5 mW ij lapkfyr ystj che dh 90 lseh yackbZ
(1) 300
esa laxzghr ÅtkZ Kkr djsa
–12 –12
(1) 15 × 10 J (2) 1.5 × 10 J
(2) 600 –12 –12
(3) 12 ×10 J (4) 1.2 × 10 J
(3) 1200
(4) 200 2
16. 8.85 w/m rhozrk dh lekukarj çdk'k fdj.k iqat
esa fo|qr {ks= dk vk;ke Kkr djsa
11. fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax ds 200 100
xq.k/keZ ds fy, xyr gS \ (1) (2)
1.5 3
(1) oS|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= lfn'k nksuksa leku 100 50
(3) (4)
LFkku rFkk leku le; ij mfPp"B rFkk 1.5 1.5
fufEu"B izkIr djrs gSA
(2) oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa ÅtkZ] oS|qr rFkk 17. fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa fo|qr {ks= E = 100 sin
pqEcdh; lfn'kksa ds e/; leku :i ls ω(t–x/c) }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA X v{k ds vuqfn'k
foHkkftr gksrh gSA 20 lseh2 vuqçLFk dkV vkSj 1 ehVj yackbZ okys
(3) oS|qr rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= lfn'k nksuksa ,d nwljs ,d csyu esa lEc) ÅtkZ Kkr dhft,
–11 –11
ds lekUrj rFkk rjax lapj.k dh fn'kk ds (1) 8.85 × 10 J (2) 7.85 × 10 J
–9 –11
yEcor~ gSA (3) 8.85 × 10 J (4) 8.9 × 10 J
(4) bu rjaxksa ds lapj.k ds fy, fdlh inkFkhZ;
18. X&fn'kk esa lapfjr gksus okyh ,d lery fo|qr
ek/;e dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA
pqEcdh; rjax dh rjaxnS?kZ~; 10 feeh gSA fo|qr
{ks= y&fn'kk esa gS vkSj bldk vf/kdre ifjek.k
12. fuEu ls dkSulh oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax ugha gS 50 V/m gSA Qyu X vkSj t ds :i esa pqacdh; {ks=
(1) β-fdj.ksa dk lehdj.k gS
3 11
(2) Å"eh; fdj.ksa (1) 60 sin (0.5 × 10 x + 1.5 × 10 t)
3 11
(3) X-fdj.ksa (2) 30 sin (0.5 × 10 x + 1.5 × 10 t)
(4) γ-fdj.ksa 5 –7 10  x
(3) ×10 sin 6π × 10  t − 
3  C
13. ge ekuo 'kjhj }kjk mRlftZr fofdj.k dk v/;;u 10 –6 10  x
(4) ×10 sin 6π × 10  t − 
djrs gSA fuEu esa ls dkSulk ,d dFku lgh gS \ 3  C

(1) mRlftZr fofdj.k] vojDr {ks= esa gksxk

19. ifÍdk {ks= A vkSj ifÍdkvks ds chp vUrjky d ds
(2) fofdj.k dsoy fnu ds nkSjku mRlftZr gksxk
lkFk ,d lekukarj iÍ la/kkfj= gSaA ifÍdkvks ds
(3) fofdj.k xehZ ds nkSjku mRlftZr rFkk lnhZ ds lekukarj vkSj ifÍdkvks ds chp lefer :i ls
nkSjku vo'kksf"kr gksxk j[kh xbZ {ks=Qy A/4 dh ,d lery lrg ij
(4) mRlftZr fofdj.k ijkcSaxuh {ks= esa fLFkr gksrs fopkj djsaA bl {ks= ls foLFkkiu /kkjk Kkr djsa\
gS vr% n`f';r ugha gksrs gS (1) i (2) i/2
(3) i/4 (4) i/3
216 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
Exercise 3

1. dFku I: fofHkUu fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxs inkFkZ ds 4. dFku I: fn, x, i‚bafVax lfn'k ,d fcanq ij
lkFk viuh ijLij fØ;k ds rjhds esa dkQh fHkUu rkR{kf.kd rhozrk dks iznf'kZr djrs gSa
gksrh gSa dFku II: fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax dk osx lfn'k
dFku II: fofHkUu fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa dh  
E × B dh fn'kk esa gksrk gS
rjaxnS/;Z ;k vko`fÙk vyx&vyx gksrh gS
(1) dFku I lgh gS
(1) dFku I lgh gS
(2) dFku II lgh gS
(2) dFku II lgh gS
(3) nksuksa lgh gSa (3) nksuksa lgh gSa
(4) dksbZ Hkh lgh ugha gS (4) dksbZ Hkh lgh ugha gS

2. dFku I: vojDr rjaxksa dks izk;% Å"ek rjaxsa dgk 5. dFku I: foLFkkiu /kkjk rc gksrh gS tc la/kkfj=
tkrk gS iw.kZr% vkosf'kr gksrk gS
dFku II: vojDr rjaxsa u dsoy bysDVª‚uksa] cfYd dFku II: foLFkkiu /kkjk dk ifjek.k pkyu /kkjk
fdlh inkFkZ ds laiw.kZ ijek.kqvksa ;k v.kqvksa dks daiu ds cjkcj gksrk gS
djkrh gSa ftlls inkFkZ dh vkarfjd ÅtkZ vkSj
(1) dFku I lgh gS
rkieku c<+ tkrk gSA
(2) dFku II lgh gS
(1) dFku I lgh gS
(2) dFku II lgh gS (3) nksuksa lgh gSa
(3) nksuksa lgh gSa (4) dksbZ Hkh lgh ugha gS
(4) dksbZ Hkh lgh ugha gS
6. dFku I: fo|qr {ks= vkSj pqacdh; {ks= dk vkSlr
3. dFku I: ;fn i`Foh ij ok;qeaMy ugha gksrk] rks eku leku gS
bldh lrg dk vkSlr rkieku de gksrk dFku II: fo|qr ÅtkZ vkSj pqacdh; ÅtkZ dk vkSlr
dFku II: ok;qeM a y dh vuqifLFkfr esa] xzhu gkml eku leku gS
çHkko vuqifLFkr gksxk (1) nksuksa dFku lR; gSa
(1) dFku I lgh gS (2) dFku I xyr gS ysfdu dFku II lR; gS
(2) dFku II lgh gS
(3) dFku II xyr gS ysfdu dFku I lR; gS
(3) nksuksa lgh gSa
(4) nksuksa dFku xyr gSa
(4) dksbZ Hkh lgh ugha gS

Sarvam Career Institute 217

 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

1. fdl ifjfLFkfr esa ,d ekbØksoso vksou ty v.kqvksa 6. 100 Ω dk ,d izfrjks/k rFkk 100 Ω izfr?kkr dk
dh mifLFkfr esa [kk| inkFkZ dks lokZf/kd n{krk ls ,d la/kkfj= fdlh 220 oksYV ds L=ksr ls Js.khØe
xeZ djrk gSA [NEET_2013] esa tqMs+ gSaA la/kkfj= ds 50% vkosf'kr gksus ij
(1) lw{e rjaxks dh vko`fŸk ty v.kq dh izkd`frd foLFkkiu /kkjk dk f'k[kj eku gksxk&
vko`fŸk ls dksbZ lEcU/k ugh j[krh gSA [NEET_2017]
(2) lw{e rjaxs Å"ek rjaxs gS] rkfd lnSo Å"ek (1) 2.2 A (2) 11 A
mRiknu gksA (3) 4.4 A (4) 11 2 A
(3) vojDr rjaxs ekbØksoso vksou esa Å"ek mRiUu
djrh gSA 7. eqDr fndLFkku ¼vkdk'k½ esa] fdlh fo|qr pqEcdh;
(4) lw{e rjaxks dh vko`fŸk ty v.kqvksa dh vuqukn rjax esa fo|qr {ks= dk oxZ&ek/;&ewy eku]
–1
vko`fŸk ls lqesfyr gksuh pkfg;sA Erms = 6 V m gS] rks pqEcdh; {ks= dk f'k[kj eku
gS& [NEET_2017]
2. ,d oS|qr pqEcdh; rjax ftldh vko`fRr (1) 2.83 × 10 T
–8
(2) 0.70 × 10 T
–8

ν = 3.0 MHz gS] fuokZr~ ls gksdj 4 ijkoS|qrkad ds –8

(3) 4.23 × 10 T
–8
(4) 1.41 × 10 T
,d ijkoS|qr ek/;e esa izos'k djrh gSA rc%
[NEET_2013] 8. dksbZ fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax fdlh ek/;e esa osx
(1) rjaxnS/;Z nksxquh gks tkrh gS rFkk vko`fÙk vk/kh 
v = viˆ ls xeu dj jgh gSA fdlh {k.k bl fo|qr
gks tkrh gSA pqEcdh; rjax dk fo|qr {ks= nkssyu + Y v{k ds
(2) rjaxnS/;Z vk/kh gks tkrh gS rFkk vko`fÙk vuqfn'k gSA rc bl fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax ds
vifjofrZr jgrh gSA pqEcdh; {ks= nksyu dh fn'kk gksxh&
(3) rjaxnS/;Z rFkk vko`fÙk nksuksa vifjofrZr jgrh [NEET_2018]
gSA (1) − Z fn'kk (2) + Z fn'kk
(4) rjaxnS/;Z nksxquh gks tkrh gS rFkk vko`fÙk (3) − Y fn'kk (4) − X fn'kk
vifjofrZr jgrh gSA
9. ,d ikjn'khZ ek/;e ds fy, lkis{k ikjxE;rk rFkk
3.
4 –2
ÅtkZ ?kuRo 25 × 10 W m dk ,d izdk'k ,d ijkoS/kqrkad μr rFkk ∈r Øe'k% 1.0 rFkk 1.44 gSA bl
'kq) ijkofrZr lrg ij yEcor~ fxjrk gSA ;fn ek/;e esa izdk'k dk osx gksxk :
lrg dk {ks=Qy 15 lseh2 gks rks lrg ij vkjksfir [NEET_2019(Odisha)]
8 8
vkSlr cy gS& [NEET_2014] (1) 2.5 × 10 m/s (2) 3 × 10 m/s
8 8
–6
(1) 1.25 × 10 N (2) 2.50 × 10 N
–6 (3) 2.08 × 10 m/s (4) 4.32 × 10 m/s
–6 –6
(3) 1.20 × 10 N (4) 3.0 × 10 N 2
10. 20 cm {ks=Qy ds fdlh vijkorhZ i`"B ij
2
4. oS|qr&pqEcdh; rjaxksa dh ÅtkZ 15 KeV dh dksfV 20 W/cm vkSlr ¶yDl ds lkFk izdk'k
dh gSA LiSDVªe~ ds fdl Hkkx esa ls lEcfU/kr gS \ vfHkyEcor~ vkiru djrk gSA 1 feuV dh
[NEET_2015] lek;of/k esa bl i`"B ij izkIr dh x;h ÅtkZ gS &
[NEET_2020]
(1) γ-fdj.ksa (2) X-fdj.ksa 3 3
(3) vojDr fdj.ksa (4) ijkcSaxuh fdj.ksa (1) 48 × 10 J (2) 10 × 10 J
3 3
(3) 12 × 10 J (4) 24 × 10 J
5. fuEu esa ls fdl fodYi dk iz;skx izxkeh
oS|qr&pqEcdh; rjaxksa dks mRiUu djus ds fy, 11. fdlh fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa pqEcdh; {ks= vkSj
fd;k tk ldrk gS \ [NEET_2016]
fo|qr {ks= ds ?kVdksa dh rhozrkvksa ds ;ksxnkuksa dk
vuqikr gksrk gSA (c = fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxksa dk
(1) ,d vkos'kghu d.k
osx) [NEET_2020]
(2) ,d Rofjr vkos'k 2
(1) 1 : c (2) c : 1
(3) fu;r osx ls pyus okyk ,d vkos'k
(3) 1 : 1 (4) 1 : c
(4) ,d fLFkj vkos'k
218 Sarvam Career Institute
oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxas PHYSICS
12. fuEufyf[kr esa ls lcls de rjaxnS/;Z dh fo|qr 17. eqä vkdk'k esa xeu djus okyh ,d lery fo|qr
pqEcdh; rjax gS & [NEET_2020(COVID)] pqEcdh; rjax esa] fo|qr {ks= ?kVd 2.0 × 1010 gVZ~t
(1) ijkcSaxuh fdj.ksa (2) X-fdj.ksa dh vko`fÙk vkSj 48 V m-1 ds vk;ke ij T;koØh;
(3) xkek-fdj.ksa (4) lw{; rjax :i ls nksyu djrk gSA rc nksyu'khy pqacdh;
{ks= dk vk;ke gS ¼eqä LFkku esa çdk'k dh xfr
13. fdlh lery fo|qrpqEcdh; rjax esa pqEcdh; {ks= 8
= 3 × 10 ms )
–1
[NEET_2023]
dks bl izdkj fu:fir fd;k x;k gS: (1) 1.6 × 10 T
–9
(2) 1.6 × 10 T
–8
–7 3 11
By = 2 × 10 sin (π × 10 x + 3π × 10 t) T (3) 1.6 × 10 T
–7
(4) 1.6 × 10 T
–6

rjaxnS/;Z ifjdfyr dhft,

[NEET_2020(COVID)] 18. eqDr vkdk'k esa lapfjr fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax esa
3 –3
(1) π × 10 m (2) 2 × 10 m dkSu lk xq.k ugha gksrk : [NEET_2024]
3 –3
(3) 2 × 10 m (4) π × 10 m 1
(1) ;g ds cjkcj pky ls xfr djrh gSA
µ0 ∈0
14. fn, x;s izR;korhZ oksYVrk L=ksr V = V0 sin ωt ls (2) ;g ,dleku pky ls xfreku vkos'kksa }kjk
'C' /kkfjrk dk ,d la/kkfj= tqM+k gSA la/kkfj= ds mRiUu gksrh gSA
ifÍdkvks ds chp foLFkkiu /kkjk gksxh : (3) ;g vuqizLFk izo`fÙk dh gksrh gSA
[NEET_2021] (4) oS|qr {ks= esa ÅtkZ ?kuRo] pqEcdh; {ks= esa ÅtkZ
V ?kuRo ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
(1) Id = V0 ωC cos ωt (2) Id = 0 cos ωt
ωC
V0 19. o`Ùkkdkj ifV~Vdkvksa ls fufeZr ,d lekUrj ifV~Vdk
(3) Id = sin ωt (4) Id = V0 ωC sin ωt
ωC la/kkfj= dks bl izdkj vkosf'kr fd;k tk jgk gS
fd bldh ifV~Vdkvksa ij i`"B vkos'k ?kuRo] le;
15. x-fn'kk esa lapfjr ,d lery fo|qr pqEcdh; rjax ds lkFk ,d fu;r nj ls c<+ jgk gSA foLFkkiu
ds fy, fuEufyf[kr la;kstuksa esa ls dkSu lk Øe'k% /kkjk ds dkj.k mRiUu gksus okyk pqEcdh; {ks= gS%
fo|qr {ks= (E) rFkk pqEcdh; {ks= (B) dh lgh lEHko [NEET_2025]
fn'kkvksa dks iznf'kZr djrk gS \ [NEET_2021] (1) ifV~Vdkvksa dh ifjf/k;ksa dks tksM+us okys
(1) j + k,j
  + k (2) −j + k,
 −j − k dkYifud csyukdkj i`"B ij vf/kdre gksus ds
lkFk loZ= v'kwU;
(3) j + k,
 −j − k (4) −j + k,
 −j + k
(2) ifV~Vdkvksa ds chp 'kwU; vkSj ckgj v'kwU;
(3) lHkh LFkkuksa ij 'kwU;
16. lwph -I dk lwph -II ls feyku djs : (4) ifV~Vdkvksa ds chp fu;r vkSj ifV~Vdkvksas ds
lwph -I lwph -II ckgj 'kwU;
(fo|qr pqEcdh; rjaxsa) (rjaxnS/;Z)
–10
(a) vk;ke ekMqfyr jsfM;ks rjax (i) 10 m 20. ,d lery oS|qr&pqEcdh; rjax esa oS|qr {ks=
2 9
(b) lw{e rjaxs (ii) 10 m Ez = 60 cos (5x + 1.5 x 10 t) V/m }kjk O;Dr
–2
(c) vojDr fofdj.k (iii) 10 m fd;k tkrk gSA rc laxr pqEcdh; {ks= gS ¼;gk¡
(d) X-fdj.ksa
–4
(iv) 10 m iknk{kj {ks= dh fn'kk dks fufnZ"V djrs gSa½ :
uhps fn, x, fodYiksa esa ls lgh mÙkj pqusa % [NEET_2025]
9
[NEET_2022] (1) Bz= 60 cos (5x + 1.5 × 10 t) T
9
(1) (a) - (iv), (b) – (iii), (c) – (ii), (d) – (i) (2) By= 60 sin (5x + 1.5 × 10 t) T
(2) (a) - (iii), (b) – (ii), (c) – (i), (d) – (iv) –7 9
(3) By= 2 × 10 cos (5x + 1.5 × 10 t) T
(3) (a) - (iii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (ii), (d) – (i) –7 9
(4) Bx= 2 × 10 cos (5x + 1.5 × 10 t) T
(4) (a) - (ii), (b) – (iii), (c) – (iv), (d) – (i)
Sarvam Career Institute 219
 PHYSICS oS|qrpqacdh; rjaxsa
ANSWER KEYS

Exercise 1.1
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ans. 3 2 2 4 4 1 3 4 2 3 3

Exercise 1.2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 1 3 3 1 2 3 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 2

Exercise 1.3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Ans. 3 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 2

Exercise 1.4
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ans. 2 2 4 4 3 2

Exercise 2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ans. 3 2 3 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 4 1 3 1 3 3

Exercise 3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ans. 3 3 3 3 2 2

Exercise 4 (Previous Year's Questions)

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 3

220 Sarvam Career Institute