SIDDHARTH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY: PUTTUR

(AUTONOMOUS)
Siddharth Nagar, Narayanavanam Road – 517583
QUESTION BANK (DESCRIPTIVE)

Subject with Code: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (20EC0441)

Course & Branch: B.Tech. – ECE Year & Sem: IV-B.Tech.& I-Sem. Regulation: R20

UNIT – I
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
1 a) State the purpose of the image processing. List out the fundamental [L1][CO1] [6M]
steps in digital image processing which can be applied to images.
b) Define image processing. Illustrate example fields of its usage. [L2][CO1] [6M]
2 a) Discuss the three principal sensor arrangements used to transform [L2][CO1] [6M]
illumination energy into digital images.
b) List out the applications of digital image processing. [L1][CO1] [6M]
3 a) Discuss the method of image sensing and acquisition along with [L2][CO1] [6M]
suitable diagrams.
b) Calculate the number of bits required to store a digitized image if [L3][CO1] [6M]
image sizes are 8×8, 32×32 for 8-bit pixel depth.
4 a) Explain about image sampling and quantization process with proper [L2][CO1] [8M]
steps.
b) Discuss the method for representation of a digital image. [L2][CO1] [4M]
5 a) Discuss the classification of digital images and image types. [L2][CO1] [6M]
b) Explain the neighbors of a pixel with suitable example. [L3][CO1] [6M]
6 a) Illustrate about the adjacency, connectivity, regions and boundaries. [L2][CO1] [6M]
b) Let V = {1}, Compute the 4-adjacency, 8-adjacency and different paths [L3][CO1] [6M]
between two pixels (1,1) and (3,3) for the center pixel in the given
image.

1 4 7
𝐴 = [2 1 1]
3 1 9

7 a) Discuss about the distance measures of a pixel with suitable example. [L2][CO1] [6M]
b) Demonstrate the Arithmetic operations on digital images with [L2][CO1] [6M]
relevant expressions.
8 a) List out the applications of image subtraction and image [L2][CO1] [6M]
multiplication.
b) Explain the Linear versus Nonlinear operations on digital images with [L2][CO1] [6M]
relevant equations.
9 a) Compute the array product and matrix product for the following two [L3][CO1] [6M]
images and comment the result.
1 −1 2 −2
𝐴=[ ] and 𝐵 = [ ]
−1 1 −2 2

b) Explain the Array versus Matrix operations on digital images with [L3][CO1] [6M]
relevant equations.
10 a) Demonstrate the set operation and logical operations in digital image [L2][CO1] [6M]
processing along with suitable example.
 b) Compute the image addition, image subtraction and image [L3][CO1] [6M]
multiplication operation for the following images.
1 −1 2 −2
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ] and 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
−1 1 −2 2

UNIT- II
IMAGE TRANSFORMS
1 a) Discuss the need of image transforms. [L2][CO2] [6M]
b) Define 2D Orthogonal and Unitary transforms. [L1][CO2] [6M]
2 a) Discuss the properties of Unitary transforms. [L2][CO2] [6M]
b) Define 1D and 2D – Discrete Fourier Transform with equations. [L1][CO2] [6M]
3 a) Prove the Separable property of 2D – Discrete Fourier Transform. [L3][CO2] [6M]
b) Prove the Periodicity property of 2D – Discrete Fourier Transform. [L3][CO2] [6M]
4 a) Deduce the basis function of 2D – Discrete Fourier Transform for N = 4. [L4][CO2] [6M]
b) Compute 2D – Discrete Fourier Transform for the following image. [L3][CO2] [6M]
1 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = [1 1 1 1]
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

5 a) Define 2D – Discrete Cosine Transform with equations. [L1][CO2] [4M]

b) Deduce the Discrete Cosine Transform basis matrix for N = 4. [L4][CO2] [8M]
6 a) List the applications of 2D-Discrete Cosine Transforms. [L1][CO2] [4M]
b) Compute 2D – Discrete Cosine Transform for the following image. [L3][CO2] [8M]
1 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = [1 1 1 1]
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

7 a) Compute the image basis function of Hadamard Transform when N = 2. [L3][CO2] [6M]
b) Evaluate Hadamard transform for the given image [L3][CO2] [6M]
1 0
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
0 1

8 a) Deduce the basis matrix of Walsh Transform for N = 4. [L4][CO2] [6M]

b) Calculate Walsh transform for the given image [L3][CO2] [6M]
1 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
1 1

9 a) Define Haar transform and give the algorithm and flowchart to [L1][CO2] [6M]
compute Haar basis.
b) Compute Haar transform for the given image. [L3][CO2] [6M]
1 1
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = [ ]
1 1

1 a) Compute the Haar basis for N=2. [L3][CO2] [8M]

0 b) Compare different Image Transforms. [L2][CO2] [4M]
 UNIT- III
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
1 a) Define image enhancement and point operations in image [L1][CO3] [6M]
enhancement?
b) Illustrate the contrast stretching in image enhancement with suitable [L2][CO3] [6M]
example.
2 a) Define negative image transformation and illustrate with suitable [L1][CO3] [6M]
example.
b) Explain the Intensity level slicing operation and bit extraction [L2][CO3] [6M]
operation in image enhancement with suitable example.
3 a) Define histogram and draw the histogram four basic image types. [L1][CO3] [6M]
b) Explain the procedure for histogram process and uses of histogram. [L2][CO3] [6M]
4 a) Discuss the mechanics of spatial filtering with suitable diagram. [L2][CO3] [6M]
b) Illustrate the smoothing spatial filters along with the required [L2][CO3] [6M]
expressions.
5 a) Illustrate the sharpening spatial filters along with the required [L2][CO3] [6M]
expressions.
b) Define the image enhancement in frequency domain and give the [L1][CO3] [6M]
expression.
6 a) Discuss the smoothing filters in frequency domain along with the [L2][CO3] [6M]
required expressions.
b) Explain the sharpening filters in frequency domain along with the [L2][CO3] [6M]
required expressions.
7 a) Define the following terms: Saturation, Hue and Brightness. [L1][CO3] [6M]
b) Draw the CIE chromaticity diagram and mention its significance. [L1][CO3] [6M]
8 a) Define the following terms: Radiance, Luminance and Brightness. [L1][CO3] [6M]
b) Give the importance of the Color Models and explain the RGB models. [L2][CO3] [6M]
9 a) Write brief notes on CMY and CMYK color models. [L1][CO3] [6M]
b) Explain the method of converting colors from RGB to HSI. [L2][CO3] [6M]
10 a) Illustrate the method of converting colors from HSI to RGB. [L2][CO3] [6M]
b) Draw the functional block diagram of pseudo colour processing and [L1][CO3] [6M]
explain each block.
 UNIT- IV
IMAGE RESTORATION & IMAGE SEGMENTATION
1 1.
a) Draw the degradation/restoration model in image processing and [L1][CO4] [6M]
describe the each part presented on it.
b) Differentiate the Image Enhancement and Image Restoration. [L4][CO4] [6M]
2 2.
a) Explain the Gaussian and Rayleigh noises with their PDF expressions. [L2][CO4] [6M]
b) Explain the Erlang and Exponential noises with their PDF [L2][CO4] [6M]
expressions.
3 a) Explain the Uniform and Impulse noises with their PDF expressions. [L1][CO4] [6M]
3 3 b) Explain the Normal and Gamma noises with their PDF expressions. [L2][CO4] [6M]
4 3.
a) Explain restoration in the presence of noise only using arithmetic and [L2][CO4] [6M]
geometric mean filters.
b) Write the expression for Harmonic and contraharmonic mean filter [L1][CO4] [6M]
and with their importance.
5 5 a) Explain the method of inverse filtering for image restoration. [L2][CO4] [6M]
b) Give the advantages and disadvantages of the inverse filtering. [L2][CO4] [6M]
6 a) Explain the method of the Least mean square filters for image [L2][CO4] [6M]
restoration.
b) Discuss the method of constrained least square restoration for image [L2][CO4] [6M]
restoration.
7 a) Give the importance of image segmentation in image processing. [L2][CO5] [6M]
b) Explain the Region based Approach for image segmentation. [L2][CO5] [6M]
8 a) Illustrate the Clustering techniques for image segmentation with [L2][CO5] [6M]
example.
b) Discuss the basics of the intensity thresholding. [L2][CO5] [6M]
9 a) List out the different types of thresholding. [L1][CO5] [6M]
b) Discuss the Edge detection with the help of the following operators: [L2][CO5] [6M]
i) Gradient ii) Roberts iii) Prewitt iv) Sobel.
10 a) Discuss the Laplacian operator in edge detection. Also mention its [L2][CO5] [6M]
drawbacks.
b) Discuss the concept of Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) operator for edge [L2][CO5] [6M]
detection.
 UNIT- V
IMAGE COMPRESSION
a) Define the following terms : [L1][CO6] [6M]
Data, Information, Data Redundancy, Data compression and
Compression Ratio.
b) Explain the Coding Redundancy with suitable example. [L2][CO6] [6M]
1 a) Explain the Spatial and Temporal Redundancy with suitable example. [L2][CO6] [6M]
b) Compute the average length, compression and coding redundancy if [L4][CO6] [6M]
the computer-generated image has the intensity distribution shown in
table. If a natural 8-bit code is used to represent its 4 possible
intensities.
Intensities rk Probabilities pk
r87=87 0.25
r128=128 0.47
r186=186 0.25
r256=256 0.03
rk for k≠87,128,186,256 0
2 a) Define Entropy and irrelevant information. [L2][CO6] [6M]
b) Consider an image strip of size 50 × 100. The image consists of five [L4][CO6] [6M]
vertical stripes. The gray levels of the stripes are 128, 64, 32, 16 and
8. The corresponding widths of the stripes are 35, 30, 2 0, 10 and 5
pixels respectively. If this stripe image coded is by Huffman coding,
determine its efficiency.
3 a) Discuss the Objective fidelity criteria and subjective fidelity criteria [L2][CO6] [6M]
with suitable example.
b) Compare zero-memory source and Markov or finite memory source. [L2][CO6] [6M]
4 a) Differentiate lossy compression process and lossless compression [L2][CO6] [6M]
process.
b) Explain the functional block diagram of a general image compression [L2][CO6] [6M]
system with neat sketch.
5 a) Explain the procedure for Huffman coding for image compression [L2][CO6] [6M]
method.
b) Justify Huffman coding is a uniquely decodable coding. [L4][CO6] [6M]
6 a) For the image shown below, compute the degree of compression that [L3][CO6] [6M]
can be achieved using Huffman coding of pixel values. Assume 2 bits
to represent the pixel value.
3332
2333
| |
3222
2110

b) Why Huffman coding is called as block code. [L4][CO6] [6M]

7 a) Explain the procedure for Arithmetic coding with suitable example. [L2][CO6] [6M]
b) Summarize the procedure of Bit plane coding with suitable example. [L2][CO6] [6M]
8 a) Explain the Run length coding with proper example. [L2][CO6] [6M]
b) Explain the functional block diagram of a transform coding technique. [L2][CO6] [6M]
9 a) Compare the adaptive transform coding and non- adaptive transform [L2][CO6] [6M]
coding.
b) Discuss the different Image Formats and compression standards. [L2][CO6] [6M]

Prepared by: Dr P G KUPPUSWAMY ,Dr R GOMALAVALLI, P CHANDANAKALA