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NCERT SMASHER 2.0

Body Fluids & Circulation

सौजन्य से KV eDUCATION
 · used here
L

BODY-CELLS

.
"Brings" ·
Removes
NUTRIENTS , O2 , OTHER WASTES HARMFUL
ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCES

enter
name
-
-
-
-
-
&

---
-
-
·
&
*
⑧
O
*
&
·
&

-a
I Al > -
ene
-
E -
*--
&
·
8
&
*
>
-
·
&
-
*

-
·
-
-

CIRCULATINGFLUID
I III
in
Water Special fluid in
·

Sponges ↑
Most of the higher orgm
Inidaria
·

(Mainly Blood) (including humans)

#EMATOLOGY D #L
M M M
Study of blood 74
.
. 8
7 -
: of body weight

D
KV eDUCATION

Portion51
. 45% SOLID Portion
Liquid
OD
i N
PLASMA FORMED-ELEMENTS
~
Pale yellow Straw · RBC Erythrocytes
in colour due to 22/ ↑ WBC Leucocytes
BILIRUBIN
· PLATELETS Thrombocytes

·SERUM
Plasma minus clotting factors
BloominLYMPH CRBC + Plt .+ Macroprotein)
·
#·
!
D
·
RATORS
·
ALBUMIMaintainOSMOTBAs
· Minerals , Glucose ,
FIBRINOGEN-Blood-coagulation

-RBCH 5-5 million -

- RBCH 120 days

MER60008 LIEZ-SPANWBC H 12-20 days

PLT. H 7-10 days

·
S
CELL

Produce
HOW BLOOD CELLS FORMED ?
It
bone

D
KV eDUCATION

Red coloured IRON containing

Rico
Pigment present on RBC

-called
-

N
BINUCLEUS
·
Absent

FORMED in Red
in most
of the mammals

bone marrow
*
Haem
*
Gobin
( Protein part)
(Non-Protein part)

& DESTROYED SEE

:
,a B >
-
Made of
W

front
W
Made of

4) polypeptide
Porphyrin chains (2d+ 2B)
NUCLEUS divided into lobes
· =
· *
NUCLEUS
· =
Not divided into lobes
·
GRANULESnt in Cytoplasm ·
GRANULES Ent in Cytoplasm
# #
GRANWLOCYTES AGRANWLOCYTES
·

·
Neutrophils
Basophils
160-65))

(0 5-1)
.
-
NiLiM Bhabhi
·

·
Monocytes 16-8 %)
Lymphocytes (20-25 %)
·
Acidophils/ Eosinophils 12-31) (N > () M(A) B)

#B'S NUCLES FUNCTION CDIAAA

MELIFROH 3 5 lobed Phagocytic

&
-

(Multilobed) Est to attack

-

ACIDOPHILS Bilobed
Protection against
ALLERGYSPARASITIC InF

BASOPHILS 2-3 lobed Secrete HEPARIN ,

(S-shaped) HISTAMINE , SEROTONIN &
MONOCYTES Kidney/Bean -

Phagocytic
Shaped -

Attack at later stages

#YMPHOCYTE Large nucleus Responsible for

(Peripheral Cytoplasm) immune response

D
KV eDUCATION

THROMBOCYTES PLATELETS

& Mega-Karyo-cytes
I I
Nucleus
I
Cell
. FRAGMENTATION Platelet
①
Large
 BLOOD GROUPING

# BO GROUPING
BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENONRBC ANTIBODY INPLASMA DONOR GROUP

A A anti-B A O ,

B B anti-A BO
,

AB AB ,
wit AB A B O, , ,

O wit anti-A B ,
O

on ssis Antigen
Antigen-Amibody
Antibody
A A i clumping
CLUMPING B B i
clumping
Destruction of RBC
A B No Clumping
·
-
B A No clumping

3UNIVERSAL DONOR H (No Antigen) =>

-
=>
VERAREDENTWBINntibody We can decide donor on this basis

D
KV eDUCATION

-
RGROUPING

Monkey Observed the surface of RBCs of

on

Rhesus
6

majority (nearly 80 %) of humans

# I called

R Antigen N

Rh Individual
via

Whatif Personposedtopersongen
 ERYTHROBLASTOSISFFOETALIS

#
+
Mother Rh
=

+
Rh Rh
&st Baby Ind Baby
During placental separation , Antibodies from mother can leak
Blood mixes (Rh+ Rh into the blood of Rh+ Foetus

N N
Antibody formed in blood of Destroy Foetal RBCs
mother against Rh antigen ↓ I
SEVERE JAUNDICE DEATH
ANAEMIA

·msn i

to
2

D
KV eDUCATION

Blood-coagulation
Thrombokinase- CASCADEPr Activation of X Cause
INJURY
Catt Vitk

I
,
prATELETS

Converts

Fibrinogen
Prombin ** Thrombin Converts
*
Fibrin conformation
 LI DAY
minus (RBC#Pt # Macroprotein FEATURES BLOOD LIMI

COLOUR Red Colourless

(due to RBC) (RBCEnt)

ImportantcarrierFor platelets ① nt ⑦ nt

& FUNCTION
OF LYMPH 2 ~ Fats are absorbed the " lymph in IBC Less More
LACTEALS present in int villi
-

IPROTEIN More Less

(Macroprotein s

·minidesintolymphatic #
S

TISSUE Interstitial Fluid

Fluid moves
#
out from blood
into the spaces blu cells

#
Fluid in lymphatic sys is called MPE
.
(Drained back to major veins)

D
KV eDUCATION

·
Goodmedbeart) & **More advantageous
* *
Passes thr' large vessels into open Circulated through a closed
spaces or body cavities (SINUSES) network of blood vessels

t t
OPENCIRCULATORY CLOSED CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM SYSTEM
(Arthropods Molluscs)
, (Annelids Chordates)
,
 (On the basis of chambers)

·
VERTEBRATE-HEART
* * &
2-CHAMBERED 3-CHAMBERED 4- CHAMBERED
# Atria ,Ventricle Atria , Ventricle 2 Atria ,Ventricle

Fishes Amphibians Birds ,

A ,
A
A Reptiles A Mammals ,
V Crocodile
# Y V

D
KV eDUCATION

im
-
HUMANI
ICIRCULATORY (
-

# UMAN
-

TESTEMF
#EART
BLOOD HEART VESSELS

ventric

TLOCATION PROTECTION
ERICARDII
Inthoracic Cavity
TIn blu 2 lungs
Slightly tilted #
↑ SIZE
·

towards left Fluid Filled double

·
Size of a
walled membs bag
Clented first
FUNCTION
3 #
Protection Lubrication
(Reduce Frictions
 iagram showing SIZESS THICKNESS of chambers

·
Atrio-Ventricular
Interl
Septum (THICK)

Smallest
Chamber

Inter-ventricular chamber
VENTRICLES are more
larger than ATRIA

D
KV eDUCATION

apil arymuses in
Chordae tendinge
Diagram showing ⑧
6

·
S
Chordae tendinae"
Papillary muscles
·
Pillar like muscles in ventricles

musorignate
-
⑨
*
by Nervous system by Muscle of heart (Nodal Tissue)
t t
NEUROGENIC-HEART MYOGENIC HEART -

Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca , VertebratesIncluding

Humans
 AUTOEXCITABLE
Specialised cardiac musculature Ability to generate action potentials
distributed in the heart without any external stimuli

*m ·
MODALL TISSUE =

# #
# =

SAN AVN BUNDLE Of HIS PURKINJE

Sino-Atrial Node Atrio-Ventricular AY-BUNDLE
FIBR
Or
Node
Right upper corner Atrio-Ventricular out
Left lower corner ventricular
of right atrium septa
of right atrium musculature

D
KV eDUCATION

#
SA-Node

#Internal Bundle of HIS

HEART bathways

CONDUCTION Left bundle

I

SYSTEM

M
↑
Fills blood into ventricles (301)
tricular Contraction
-

-ricuspid Bicuspid values closed VENTRICULAR

SYSTOLE
blood is eea

Semilunar values closed s bloodFlows into atria VENTRICULAR

DIASTOLE
=

B lood Fills into ventricles passively (70 %/

i
eartbeatsmesin sec
· Blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 beat (08se) =
70m1 /Stroke volumeC

· Blood pumped by each ventricle in 72 beats (Imin) =

70x72 = 5000m//5ltr
(Cardiac-Output)

has
· BodyHEART-RATE
ability to alter the STROKE-VOLUM
S and thereby CARDIAC-OUTPUT
(Cardiac output of athlete is much higher than ordinary man)

D
KV eDUCATION

·EesTMMoeTe Time More

HEAT ·City
Light
SOUNDD
cuspid
*
INTENSITY-MoreTMEs
* Due to Closure Of SEMILUNAR
VALVE
T
T
F Rewardation
P-wave 3 ELECTRICAL
I

Depolarisation LEADS POSITION &

of Ventricles
of Atria t =
Left wrist
Right wrist
Cardio
= Left ankle

·apt Depolarisation
of Ventricles

-
-

D
KV eDUCATION

DOUBLE CIRCULATION
·
Blood passes through heart twice

Tunica externale) Made of Sq .

epithelium

= Tunica media (m) Made of smooth muscle s

=

(lhin in veins) elastic Fibre

# Tunica intima (i)o Made of collagen Fibre

& Cross section of ARTERY VEIN

-
ARTERY VEN
= Blood FlOW High Speeds pressure Low speeds pressure

Location
&

·
Deeply Situated present Superficially
= Lumen Constricted lumen Wide lumen

= Valves Valves ABSENT Valves PRESENT

 BLOOD CIRCULATION IN HUMANS

·
PULMONARY CIRCY SYSTEMIC CIRCY
Heart= Lungs = Heart Heart =
Body parts = Heart

#
2 cusps Flaps

smoothmus TISSUE

Smooth-muse

D
KV eDUCATION

HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM

>

Hepatic
-

O
>
-
>
-

portal vein
( I

LIVER
INTESTINE HEART
·

·
Use nutrients from blood
·
Remove toxins from blood
 Normal activitiesoftheheartareregulatedintrinsical
REGULATION OF CARDIAC ACTIVITY
EI

HORMONA
NERVOUS CONTROL

THROUGH
Medulla oblongata Adrenaline , Nor-Adr,
# Thyroxine
I I
Sympathetic
nervous sys .
Para-Sympathetic
nervous system Heuseat
Relecause Relecause
* br Nor-Adr
, Acetyl-Choline

Heuse t ~ se
Cause
Heart beat

D
KV eDUCATION

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

or ATHEROSCLEROSIS
EXPERTENSION Deposition of CALCIUM , CHOLESTROL$
Blood 120mm He FIBROUS TISSUE In coronary artery ,
Pressure 80 mmHg makes lumen narrower

# ↑

PEOMERMS
No enough OXYGEN is reaching
heart muscle Acute Chest Pain

A -RAWRE
Heart Fails to pump
blood effectively

REART-ATTACK
stop beating Heart muscles
damaged suddenly