This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A897/A897M − 16

Standard Specification for

Austempered Ductile Iron Castings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A897/A897M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing

1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings that are of Steel Products
subsequently heat treated by an austempering process as A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
defined in 9.1. bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
1.2 The application of the austempering heat treatment A834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron
extends the range of properties achievable in ductile iron Castings for General Industrial Use
castings. E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
1.3 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be- E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the same E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test tallic Materials
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). 2.2 Military Standard:
However, austempering heat treatment will tend to diminish MIL-STD-129 Military Marking for Shipment and Storage3
any differences in mechanical properties.
1.4 The production of castings, machining (if required), and 3. Ordering Information
the austempering heat treatments may be performed by differ- 3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
ent manufacturers, as covered in Section 13. The purchaser following information:
should establish by contract agreement, at the time of ordering, 3.1.1 ASTM designation, with year of issue,
the responsibility of the various parties for meeting the 3.1.2 Grade of austempered ductile iron required (see Table
specification requirements. 1 or Table 2 and Section 6),
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3.1.3 Chemical composition requirements, if any (see Sec-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in tion 4),
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each 3.1.4 Heat treated microstructure restrictions (see Section
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 9),
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance 3.1.5 Test coupon criteria (see Section 11),
with the standard. 3.1.6 Lot size and tests per lot (see 11.6 and Section 13),
1.5.1 Exception—Within the text, the SI units are shown in 3.1.7 Special requirements, if desired, including hardness,
brackets. radiographic soundness, magnetic particle inspection, pressure
tightness, dimensions, or surface finish (see Section 8),
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.8 Certification, if required (see Section 14),
3.1.9 Special preparation for delivery, if required (see Sec-
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 tion 15).
A247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
Graphite in Iron Castings 4. Chemical Composition
4.1 Although this specification has no specific chemical
requirements, such requirements may be agreed upon between
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron the manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser.
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings. 4.2 Castings that are of sufficient quality (5.1 and Appendix
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Originally X1) and properly alloyed (have sufficient hardenability) for the
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A897/A897M – 15.
DOI: 10.1520/A0897_A0897M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. dodssp.daps.dla.mil.

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 A897/A897M − 16
TABLE 1 Mechanical Property Requirements of Grades 1–5
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
Inch-pound units
130/90/09 150/110/07 175/125/04 200/155/02 230/185/01
Tensile strength, min, ksi 130 150 175 200 230
Yield strength, min, ksi 90 110 125 155 185
Elongation in 2 in., min, % 9 7 4 2 1
Typical hardness, HBW, kg/mm2A 269–341 302–375 341–444 388–477 402–512
A
Hardness is not mandatory and is shown for information only.

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5

SI units
900/650/09 1050/750/07 1200/850/04 1400/1100/02 1600/1300/01
Tensile strength, min, MPa 900 1050 1200 1400 1600
Yield strength, min, MPa 650 750 850 1100 1300
Elongation in 50 mm, min, % 9 7 4 2 1
Typical hardness, HBW, kg/mm2A 269–341 302–375 341–444 388–477 402–512
A
Hardness is not mandatory and is shown for information only.

TABLE 2 Mechanical Property Requirements of Mixed

Microstructure Grades
Inch-pound units Grade
110/70/11
Tensile strength, min, ksi 110
Yield strength, min, ksi 70
Elongation in 2 in., min, % 11
Typical hardness, HBW, kg/mm2A 241–302
A
Hardness is not mandatory and is shown for information only.

SI units Grade
750/500/11
Tensile Strength, min, MPa 750
Yield strength, min, MPa 500
Elongation in 50 mm, min, % 11
Typical hardness, HBW, kg/mm2A 241–302
A
Hardness is not mandatory and is shown for information only.

austempering process can be heat treated to meet the minimum 230/185/01 [1600/1300/01]. Acceptable quantities of marten-
properties for any of the five grades of ADI listed in Table 1 by site may be established by agreement between the
proper selection of heat treatment temperatures and times, but manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser.
may not be properly alloyed to produce castings meeting the 5.5 The microstructure shall be substantially free of unde-
minimum properties listed in Table 2. Alloy requirements for sirable microconstituents, the details of which shall be agreed
the mixed microstructure grades of ADI (Table 2) will be upon by the manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser.
different than those for the five grades of ADI listed in Table 1.
5.6 The manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser may
5. Microstructure agree upon special chemical compositions or processing re-
quirements to limit the microconstituents described in 5.3 –
5.1 The graphite component of the microstructure shall
5.5.
consist of a minimum 80 % spheroidal graphite conforming to
Types I and II per Test Method A247. 6. Mechanical Properties
5.2 The matrix microstructure shall substantially consist of 6.1 Tensile property requirements include tensile strength,
ausferrite (acicular ferrite and high carbon, stable austenite) for yield strength, and elongation and apply only after austemper-
Grades 1–5 ADI in Table 1. Proeutectoid ferrite will also be ing heat treatment.
present in Grade 110/70/11 [750/500/11] in Table 2.
6.2 The iron represented by the test specimens shall con-
5.3 The cooling rate within some sections may not be form to the requirements as presented in Table 1 or Table 2.
sufficient to avoid the formation of pearlite or other high
6.3 The yield strength shall be determined by the 0.2 %
temperature transformation products. In some cases, the maxi-
offset method (see Test Methods E8).
mum acceptable quantities of these microconstituents and the
location(s) within the casting may be established by agreement 7. Hardness
between the manufacturer, heat treater, and the purchaser. 7.1 The area or areas on the castings where hardness is to be
5.4 Martensite may be present in minor amounts in the checked shall be established by agreement between the manu-
microstructures of Grades 200/155/02 [1400/1100/02] and facturer and purchaser, or the manufacturer and the end user.

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 A897/A897M − 16
7.2 Brinell hardness shall be determined according to Test 10.2 Castings shall not have chilled corners or center chill in
Method E10 after sufficient material has been removed from areas to be machined.
the casting surface to insure representative hardness readings. 10.3 Welding repair is not acceptable on austempered cast-
The 10 mm ball and 3000 kg load shall be used unless ings.
otherwise specified and agreed upon.
11. Test Coupons
8. Special Requirements
11.1 Separately cast test coupons from which the tension
8.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order, test and Charpy test specimens are machined shall be cast to
castings shall meet special requirements as to hardness, chemi- the size and shape shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. A modified keel
cal composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radio- block cast from the mold shown in Fig. 3 may be substituted
graphic soundness, magnetic particle inspection, dimensions, for the 1-in. [25-mm] Y-block or the 1-in. [25-mm] keel block.
and surface finish. Refer to Specification A834 for a list of The test coupons shall be cast in open molds made of suitable
common requirements for iron castings not specifically refer- core sand having a minimum wall thickness of 11⁄2 in. [38-mm]
enced elsewhere in this specification. for the 1⁄2 -in. [13-mm] and 1-in. [25-mm] sizes and 3 in.
8.2 When specified in the contract or purchase order, [76-mm] for the 3-in. [76-mm] size. The coupons shall be left
castings shall meet special requirements prior to the austem- in the mold until they have cooled to a black color (900°F
pering heat treatment operation. [480°C] or less). The size and type of coupon cast to represent
the casting shall be at the option of the purchaser. In case no
9. Heat Treatment option is expressed, the manufacturer shall make the choice.
9.1 Castings produced in accordance with this specification 11.2 When investment castings are made in accordance with
to achieve the minimum mechanical properties in Table 1 shall this specification, the manufacturer may use cast-to-size test
be heat treated by an austempering process consisting of specimens that are either incorporated in the mold with the
heating the castings to a fully austenitic, homogeneous castings or separately cast using the same type of mold and the
condition, cooling (at a rate usually sufficient to avoid the same thermal conditions that are used to produce the castings.
formation of pearlite) to a temperature above the martensite The test specimens shall be made to the dimensions shown in
start temperature, and isothermally transforming the matrix Fig. 1 of Specification A732/A732M or Fig. 5 of Test Methods
structure for a time sufficient to produce the desired properties. and Definitions A370. The exact procedure to be used for
This process shall produce a microstructure that is substantially producing test specimens shall be agreed upon by the manu-
ausferrite. facturer and the purchaser.
9.2 Castings produced in accordance with this specification 11.3 When castings made in accordance with this specifi-
to achieve the minimum mechanical properties in Table 2 shall cation are produced by nodularization directly in the mold, the
be heat treated by an austempering process consisting of manufacturer may use either separately cast test coupons or test
heating the castings to an intercritical temperature to produce a specimens cut from castings. If test bars are to be cut from
fully homogeneous austenite/ferrite condition, cooling (at a castings, test bar location shall be agreed upon by the purchaser
rate usually sufficient to avoid the formation of pearlite) to a
temperature above the martensite start temperature, and iso-
thermally transforming the matrix structure for a time sufficient
to produce the desired properties. This process shall produce a
microstructure that is substantially a mixture of proeutectoid
ferrite and ausferrite.
9.3 Upon agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser, tension test specimens described in Section 12 may
be machined prior to the austempering heat treatment. In this
case, heat treatment shall be performed in an inert or carbon
controlled environment so as to prevent carburization,
decarburization, or scaling. Handling and fixturing must be
such as to prevent test bar distortion (see X1.4).
9.4 Re-austempering of castings or any deviation from the
established heat treating process is only permissable with the
approval of the casting purchaser.

10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance

10.1 The surfaces of castings shall be clean and free of
adhering molding material, heat treatment oils or salts, cracks,
hot tears, or other injurious defects such as slag and surface
porosity. Dimensions shall conform to drawings or patterns
supplied by the purchaser. FIG. 1 Keel Block for Test Coupons

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 A897/A897M − 16
tory. Tension test specimens shall be machined only from
Positions A (preferred) or B in Fig. 4. The test bars may be
machined before or after heat treatment in accordance with 9.3.

13. Responsibility for Quality and Inspection

13.1 At the time of an order, the purchaser should establish
an agreement for quality and inspection requirements with the
manufacturers. The form of this agreement depends upon
which of the conditions in 13.2 or 13.3 are determined to exist.
13.2 If all manufacturing operations are performed by a
single manufacturer, that manufacturer is responsible for per-
“Y” Block Size
formance of all quality and inspection requirements covered
For Castings of For Castings of For Castings of
Thickness Less Thickness 1⁄2 Thickness of 11⁄2 in. herein.
Dimensions
Than 1⁄2 in. to 11⁄2 in. [13 to 38 [38 mm]
[13 mm] mm] and Over
13.3 If, at the time of ordering, the purchaser determines
in. [mm] in. [mm] in. [mm]
that more than one manufacturer will contribute to the casting,
machining, and heat treatment operations, in any sequential
A 12⁄ [13] 1 [25] 3 [75]
B 15⁄8 [40] 21⁄8 [55] 5 [125] fashion, an agreement should be negotiated that defines and
C 2 [50] 3 [75] 4 [100] assigns individual responsibility for each specific quality and
D 4 [100] 6 [150] 8 [200]
E 7 [175] 7 [175] 7 [175]
inspection requirement. This does not prevent an agreement
approx approx approx wherein any one manufacturer in the chain of sequential
F 9⁄16 [14] 1 1⁄16 [27] 3 1⁄16 [78] operations can agree to assume full responsibility for all quality
G 7 1⁄8 [180] 7 1⁄8 [180] 7 1⁄8 [180]
approx approx approx
and inspection requirements.
13.4 To avoid future disputes, the purchaser can require that
FIG. 2 Y-Blocks for Test Coupons all companies in the manufacturing chain be identified.
Changes shall not be made without approval of the purchaser.
and the manufacturer and indicated on the casting drawing. The manufacturer(s) may require the purchaser to provide
When separately cast test coupons are used, selection shall be written agreement for any changes mutually agreed upon.
as outlined in 11.1 and shown in Figs. 1-6. Appendix X2
13.5 Unless specified to the contrary by the purchaser, any
provides guidelines for selection of coupons with mold cooling
of the manufacturers in the chain may use his or her own or any
rates representative of various casting sections.
other facilities for performance of the inspection requirements.
11.4 Test coupons shall be poured from the same ladle or Responsibility for meeting the specified properties remains
heat as the castings they represent and, unless otherwise agreed with the parties defined in 13.2 or 13.3. This shall not prevent
upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, shall be subject to the purchaser from also performing any or all of the quality and
the same post inoculation and alloying practice. inspection requirements.
11.5 Test coupons shall be heat treated with the castings
they represent. 14. Certification
11.6 The number of test coupons and the number of tests 14.1 Where required by contract, the manufacturer’s certi-
required per order or lot size shall be established at the time of fication shall be furnished to the purchaser stating that the
ordering. This agreement should include a definition of lot size. material was manufactured, sampled, tested, and inspected in
Lot size can be defined to include the entire order, a specified accordance with the material specification and was found to
portion of that order, a specified manufacturing production meet the requirements. The certification shall include the
period, or a specified quantity of parts shipped to the purchaser. results of all tests performed.
11.7 If any test specimen shows obvious defects, another 15. Preparation for Delivery
may be cut from the same test block or from another test block
15.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
representing the same metal. Positions other than “A” or “B” in
order, cleaning, drying, preservation, and packaging of castings
Fig. 4 shall not be used. In those cases where removal of test
shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s commercial
bars from actual castings has been agreed upon (see 11.2 and
practice. Packaging and marking shall be adequate to ensure
11.3), a second test bar may be obtained from an alternate
safe delivery by the carrier.
location of equivalent section or from a second casting
processed in the same lot. 15.2 Government Procurement—When specified in the con-
tract or purchase order, marking for shipment shall be in
12. Tension Test Specimens accordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-129.
12.1 The standard round tension test specimen with a 2-in.
[50-mm] gage length shown in Fig. 5 shall be used, except 16. Keywords
when the 1⁄2-in. [13-mm] Y-block coupon is used. In this case, 16.1 Ausferrite; Austempering; Ductile Cast Iron; Harden-
either of the test specimens shown in Fig. 6 shall be satisfac- ability; Heat Treatment; Proeutectoid Ferrite

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 A897/A897M − 16

FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel Block

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 A897/A897M − 16

FIG. 4 Sectioning Procedure for Y-Blocks

FIG. 5 Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. [50-mm] Gage Length

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 A897/A897M − 16

FIG. 6 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional to Standard 1⁄2-in. [13-mm] Round Specimen

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 A897/A897M − 16
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS TO BE AUSTEMPERED

X1.1 In order to achieve the required mechanical properties X1.3 Alloying elements such as Molybdenum, Copper,
in castings, or test coupons, the iron must have a chemical Nickel and additional Manganese above the base metal level
composition that provides sufficient hardenability to fully should be added only when additional hardenability is required
respond in the austempering heat treatment cycle. The response for heavy sections. Increased hardenability is only required to
to heat treatment is affected by the effective section size, avoid the formation of pearlite during quenching. The amount
graphite nodule count, and chemical composition. It also of alloying required (if any) will be a function of the alloy
depends on the capabilities of the specific heat treater’s content in the base metal, the part configuration and the
equipment. The heavier the effective section size and the more austempering process used. The proper alloy composition
massive the casting, the slower will be the cooling or quench- should be determined jointly by the foundry and the heat
ing rate in the austempering cycle. This quenching rate must treating source. Addition of alloying elements when not re-
exceed some critical value to attain the correct microstructure quired does not enchance the properties of ADI and merely
(ausferrite or ausferrite and proeutectoid ferrite). adds to the cost of the iron. Composition guidelines are
recommended in Tables X1.2 and X1.3.
X1.2 Published literature and commercial heat treaters as
well as many foundries can provide information on required X1.3.1 Other nodulizing elements like beryllium, calcium,
alloy additions needed for specific parts, casting section sizes, strontium, barium, yttrium, lanthanum and cerium should be
or masses. Austempered Ductile Iron can be successfully present only to the extent that they are used to replace Mg in
produced from ductile iron castings with a wide range of treatment. The amount of residual Mg plus the amounts of
chemical compositions and configurations. There is no opti- these elements should not exceed 0.06%. Carbide forming
mum recipe; however those produced to the following param- elements (like Cr, Ti , V) tend to be additive in effect with Mn
eters have been shown to yield excellent results. and/or Mo; thus, one should take note of this in alloy design to
avoid the formation of carbides in the casting.
X1.2.1 The castings should be free of non-metallic
inclusions, carbides, shrink and dross. Proper purchasing, X1.3.2 The preceding guidelines are intended to be useful
storage and use of charge materials will minimize the occur- parameters for production. Good ADI can, and is, being
rence of carbides and gas defects. Proper molding control will produced from ductile iron not meeting these criteria, however,
minimize surface defects and other sub-surface discontinuities. these criteria represent sound, commercial practices known to
The castings should be properly gated and poured using produce good results. They do not constitute a guarantee of
consistent and effective treatment and inoculation techniques to final properties.
yield shrink free castings. Any of the aforementioned non- X1.4 Machining of tension test specimens after austemper-
conforming conditions will reduce the toughness of an ADI ing may be difficult, particularly for the higher strength grades.
component, even if adequate for conventional ductile iron. The For this reason, some manufacturers prefer to machine the test
following should be met as a minimum: Nodule Count 100/ bars to size or near net size (with some final grinding
mm2 and Nodularity 80%. allowances) before the austempering operation. (Warning—
X1.2.2 The carbon equivalent (CE) can be approximated Achieving the required mechanical properties and austempered
by the relationship: CE = %C + 1/3 (%Si). It should be microstructure in the smaller cross sections of a premachined
controlled as follows in Table X1.1. test bar does not ensure the correct response in the heavier
sections of actual parts, as explained in X1.1. When prema-
chined test bars are to be used, it is recommended that adequate
TABLE X1.1 Suggested Carbon Equivalent Ranges for Various austempering be verified. This can be done by sectioning a
Section Sizes casting, examining the microstructure in that section, and then
Section Size CE Range comparing the results with that of a premachined test bar that
0 to 1⁄2 in. (0 to 13 mm) 4.4 to 4.6 has been austempered in the same furnace load. When inad-
1⁄2 to 2 in. (13 to 51 mm) 4.3 to 4.6
Over 2 in. (51 mm) 4.3 to 4.5 equate austempering response is identified, increased alloying
as discussed in X1.3 may be required.)

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 A897/A897M − 16
TABLE X1.2 Suggested Targets and Control Ranges for Intentionally Added Elements
Element Recommended Range
Carbon—Carbon should be controlled within the recommended range except when deviations are required 3.60 % ± 0.20 %
to produce a defect-free casting. If too high levels of carbon are present, carbon flotation can occur and
reduce the apparent strength levels of ADI.

Silicon—Silicon is one of the most important elements in ADI because it promotes graphite formation, 2.50 % ± 0.20 %
decreases the solubility of carbon in austenite, increases the eutectoid temperature and inhibits the
formation of bainitic carbide. Excessively high levels of Si can suppress ausferrite in localized areas by
stabilizing ferrite.

Magnesium—Magnesium is added to create the conditions for graphite nodules to form. Excessively high (% S x 0.76) + 0.025 % ± 0.005 %
levels will promote carbide formation while low levels promote nonspheroidal graphite.

Manganese—Manganese additions above that of the base metal composition are not recommended 0.35% ± 0.05 %
because Mn segregates to the last to freeze regions of the casting and will retard the formation of ausferrite
if the nodule count is not sufficiently high to break up the Mn segregated region. In section sizes up to 1⁄2 in.
or 13 mm, Mn targets as high as 0.60 % have been used due to high nodule counts. In section sizes over
1⁄2 in. (13 mm) or in the presence of Mo other carbide formers, the Mn target should be reduced to 0.35 %

or less to minimize the formation of cell boundary carbides which may negatively affect component
machinability or ductility, or both.

Copper—Copper may be added to ADI to increase hardenability in additions up to 0.80 %. Above this level, 0.80 % maximum, only as needed ± 0.05 %
Cu creates a diffusion barrier around the graphite nodules, thus inhibiting carbon mobility during
austenitizing.

Nickel—Nickel may be used to increase the hardenability of ductile iron in additions up to 2.0 %. Because of 2.0 % maximum, only as needed ± 0.10 %
the costs associated with the use of Ni, larger additions may be cost prohibitive.

Molybdenum—Molybdenum is the most potent hardenability agent in ADI and may be necessary in heavy 0.30 % maximum (only as needed) ± 0.03 %
section castings to prevent the formation of pearlite. Both tensile strength and ductility decrease as the Mo
content increases beyond that required for hardenability. This deterioration in properties is likely caused by
the segregation of Mo to cell boundaries and the formation of carbides. The level of Mo should be restricted
to not more than 0.30 % in heavy section castings.

TABLE X1.3 Suggested Targets and Control Ranges for Trace or

Tramp Elements
Trace or Tramp Suggested Target (or Typical Control
Elements maximum) Range
Sn Tin 0.02% maximum ± 0.003 %
Sb Antimony 0.002% maximum ± 0.0003 %
P Phosphorus 0.04% maximum
S Sulfur 0.02% maximum
O Oxygen 50 ppm maximum
Cr Chromium 0.10% maximum
Ti Titanium 0.040 % maximum
V Vanadium 0.10% maximum
Al Aluminium 0.050% maximum
As Arsenic 0.020% maximum
Bi Bismuth 0.002% maximum
B Boron 0.0004% maximum
Cd Cadmium 0.005% maximum
Pb Lead 0.002% maximum
Se Selenium 0.030% maximum
Te Tellurium 0.003% maximum

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 A897/A897M − 16

X2. Y-BLOCK SELECTION

TABLE X2.1 Equivalent Geometric Shapes Corresponding to

Y-BlocksA
Y-Block Infinite Plate Round Cube
Size, in. [mm] Thickness, in. Diameter, Edge, in.
[mm] in. [mm] [mm]
0.5 [13] 0.5 [13] 1.2 [30] 1.8 [46]
1.0 [25] 0.9 [22] 1.8 [46] 2.8 [72]
3.0 [76] 1.6 [40] 3.1 [80] 4.8 [120]
A
For castings with cross sections that would require a Y-block greater than 3 in.
[76mm], alloy requirements must be based upon experimental trials with test
castings or previous experience with similar parts. Test coupons should be
selected upon agreement between the producer and the purchaser.

X2.1 Table X2.1 provides guidelines for the selection of

Y-blocks that have cooling rates that are representative of
equivalent shapes having the dimensions shown.

X3. IMPACT PROPERTIES OF AUSTEMPERED DUCTILE IRON

X3.1 Reference minimum values for unnotched Charpy to dimensions in Fig. 3 of Test Methods E23. Blanks from
impact testing of ADI are listed in Tables X3.1 and X3.2. These which test specimens are machined should be cut only from
values are provided for informative purposes only and not Positions A or B in Fig. 4.
required to meet the minimum mechanical properties for any
grade of ADI. X3.4 The minimum reference values listed in Tables X3.1
and X3.2 are only for standard size impact bars in Fig. 3 of Test
X3.2 The impact energy values in Tables X3.1 and X3.2
Methods E23. Decreasing the width or depth of an impact bar
apply only after test material has been austempered. The
will decrease the volume of metal subject to distortion during
impact test specimens should be finish ground to required
dimensions after heat treatment. testing; resulting in a decrease in the energy absorption to
break the test specimen. If reduced size bars are tested, then the
X3.3 Unnotched Charpy impact strength for comparative minimum reference values should be determined and decreased
purposes should be determined according to Test Methods E23 accordingly by agreement between the manufacturer and
with the following variations: Specimens should be unnotched purchaser.

TABLE X3.1 Unnotched Impact Properties of Grades 1–5 ADI

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
Inch-pound units
130/90/09 150/110/07 175/125/04 200/155/02 230/185/01
Impact energy, ft-lbA 75 60 45 25 15
A
Unnotched charpy bars tested at 72 ± 7°F [22 ± 4°C]. The values in the table are a minimum for the average of the highest three test values of the four tested samples.

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5

SI units
900/650/09 1050/750/07 1200/850/04 1400/1100/02 1600/1300/01
Impact energy, JA 100 80 60 35 20
A
Unnotched charpy bars tested at 72 ± 7°F [22 ± 4°C]. The values in the table are a minimum for the average of the highest three test values of the four tested samples.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 21 08:15:57 EST 2017
10
Downloaded/printed by
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 A897/A897M − 16
TABLE X3.2 Unnotched Impact Properties of Mixed
Microstructure Grades of ADI
Grade
Inch-pound units
110/70/11
Impact energy, ft-lbA 80
A
Unnotched charpy bars tested at 72 ± 7°F [22 ± 4°C]. The values in the table are
a minimum for the average of the highest three test values of the four tested
samples.

Grade
SI units
750/500/11
Impact energy, JA 110
A
Unnotched charpy bars tested at 72 ± 7°F [22 ± 4°C]. The values in the table are
a minimum for the average of the highest three test values of the four tested
samples.

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Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 21 08:15:57 EST 2017
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Downloaded/printed by
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