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 Abhaya C. Nayak
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PRICAI 2019:
LNAI 11670

Trends in
Artificial Intelligence
16th Pacific Rim
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Cuvu, Yanuca Island, Fiji, August 26–30, 2019
Proceedings, Part I

123
Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 11670

Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Series Editors
Randy Goebel
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Yuzuru Tanaka
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Wolfgang Wahlster
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany

Founding Editor
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DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1244
Abhaya C. Nayak Alok Sharma (Eds.)
•

PRICAI 2019:
Trends in
Artificial Intelligence
16th Pacific Rim
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Cuvu, Yanuca Island, Fiji, August 26–30, 2019
Proceedings, Part I

123
Editors
Abhaya C. Nayak Alok Sharma
Department of Computing RIKEN Center for Integrative
Macquarie University Medical Sciences
Sydney, NSW, Australia Yokohama, Japan

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-030-29907-1 ISBN 978-3-030-29908-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29908-8
LNCS Sublibrary: SL7 – Artificial Intelligence

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 Preface

These proceedings in three volumes contain the papers presented at the 16th Pacific
Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI 2019) held during
August 26–30, 2019, in Yanuca Island, Fiji. PRICAI started as a biennial conference
inaugurated in Tokyo in 1990. It provides a common forum for researchers and
practitioners in various branches of artificial intelligence (AI) to exchange new ideas
and share experience and expertise. Over the past years the conference has grown, both
in participation and scope, to be a premier international AI event for all major Pacific
Rim nations as well as countries from further afield. Indeed, the growth has merited
holding PRICAI on an annual basis starting this year.
Submissions to PRICAI 2019 were received through two different routes: (1) some
papers were directly submitted to PRICAI as in earlier years, and (2) in a special
arrangement with IJCAI 2019, authors of submissions that narrowly missed out being
accepted were encouraged to resubmit to PRICAI, along with the reviews and
meta-reviews they received. The submissions of the first category underwent a
double-blind review process, and were reviewed by the PRICAI Program Committee
(PC) members and external reviewers against criteria such as significance, technical
soundness, and clarity of presentation. Every paper received at least two, and in most
cases three, reviews. Submissions of the second category were not subjected to further
review, keeping in mind the workload of the reviewers in the community.
Altogether we received 311 high-quality submissions (with 265 submissions being
of the first category) from 34 countries, which was impressive considering that for the
first time PRICAI was being held in consecutive years. The program co-chairs read the
reviews, the original papers, and called for additional reviews if necessary to make final
decisions. The entire review team (PC members, external reviewers, and co-chairs)
expended tremendous effort to ensure fairness and consistency in the paper selection
process. Of the 265 submissions under the first category, 105 (39.6%) were accepted as
full papers for the main-track, and 6 as full papers for the industry-track. A small
number of papers were also accepted as short papers for the main-track (6), short papers
for the industry-track (7), and as posters (6) – with the understanding that papers in the
last category will not be included in these proceedings. The papers are organized in
three volumes, under three broad (and naturally overlapping) themes, “Cognition”,
“Investigation”, and “Application.”
The technical program consisted of two workshops, five tutorials, and the main
conference program. The workshops and tutorials covered important and thriving
topics in AI. The workshops included the Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition
Workshop (PKAW 2019) and the Knowledge Representation Conventicle (2019). The
former was co-chaired by Prof. Kouzou Ohara and Dr. Quan Bai, while the latter was
organized by Dr. Jake Chandler. The tutorials focused on hot topics including Big Data
in bioinformatics, Data Science, Cognitive Logics, and Identity Management. All
papers at the main conference were orally presented over the three days in parallel, and
vi Preface

in thematically organized sessions. The authors of the posters were also offered the
opportunity to give short talks to introduce their work.
It was our great honor to have four outstanding keynote/invited speakers, whose
contributions have pushed boundaries of AI across various aspects: Prof. Hiroaki
Kitano (Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc. and The System Biology Institute,
Japan), Prof. Grigoris Antoniou (University of Huddersfield, UK), Prof. Mary-Anne
Williams (University of Technology Sydney, Australia), and Prof. Byoung-Tak Zhang
(Seoul National University, South Korea). We are grateful to them for sharing their
insights on their latest research with us.
The success of PRICAI 2019 would not have been possible without the effort and
support of numerous people from all over the world. First of all, we would like to thank
the PC members and external reviewers for their engagements in providing rigorous
and timely reviews. It was because of them that the quality of the papers in this volume
is maintained at a high level. We wish to thank the general co-chairs, Professors Abdul
Sattar and MGM Khan for their continued support and guidance, and Dr. Sankalp
Khanna for his tireless effort toward the overall coordination of PRICAI 2019. We are
also thankful to various chairs and co-chairs, namely the industry co-chairs, workshop
co-chairs, the tutorial co-chairs, the web and publicity co-chairs, the sponsorship chair,
and the local organization chair, without whose support and hard work PRICAI 2019
could not have been successful. We also acknowledge the willing help of Kinzang
Chhogyal, Jandson S. Ribeiro, and Hijab Alavi toward the preparation of these
proceedings.
We gratefully acknowledge the financial and/or organizational support of a number
of institutions including the University of the South Pacific (Fiji), Griffith University
(Australia), Macquarie University (Australia), Fiji National University (Fiji), RIKEN
Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (Japan), University of Western Australia
(Australia), Australian Computer Society (ACS), and Springer Nature. Special thanks
to EasyChair, whose paper submission platform we used to organize reviews and
collate the files for these proceedings. We are also grateful to Alfred Hofmann and
Anna Kramer from Springer for their assistance in publishing the PRICAI 2019 pro-
ceedings in the Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence series, as well as sponsoring the
best paper awards.
We thank the Program Chair and the Conference Chair of IJCAI 2019, Professors
Sarit Kraus and Thomas Eiter, for encouraging the resubmission of many IJCAI
submissions to PRICAI 2019. Last but not least, we thank all authors and all confer-
ence participants for their contribution and support. We hope all the participants took
this valuable opportunity to share and exchange their ideas and thoughts with one
another and enjoyed their time at PRICAI 2019.

August 2019 Abhaya C. Nayak

Alok Sharma
 Organization

Steering Committee
Tru Hoang Cao Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam
Xin Geng Southeast University, China
Guido Governatori Data61, Australia
Takayuki Ito Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
Byeong-Ho Kang University of Tasmania, Australia
Sankalp Khanna CSIRO, Australia
Dickson Lukose GCS Agile Pty Ltd., Australia
Hideyuki Nakashima Sapporo City University, Japan
Seong-Bae Park Kyung Hee University, South Korea
Abdul Sattar Griffith University, Australia
Zhi-Hua Zhou Nanjing University, China

Honorary Members
Randy Goebel University of Alberta, Canada
Tu-Bao Ho JAIST, Japan
Mitsuru Ishizuka University of Tokyo, Japan
Hiroshi Motoda Osaka University, Japan
Geoff Webb Monash University, Australia
Wai K. Yeap Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Byoung-Tak Zhang Seoul National University, South Korea
Chengqi Zhang University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Organizing Committee
General Co-chairs
Abdul Sattar Griffith University, Australia
M. G. M. Khan University of the South Pacific, Fiji

Program Co-chairs
Abhaya C. Nayak Macquarie University, Australia
Alok Sharma RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Japan

Local Co-chairs
Salsabil Nusair University of the South Pacific, Fiji
A. B. M. Shawkat Ali Fiji National University, Fiji
viii Organization

Workshop Co-chairs
Nasser Sabar La Trobe University, Australia
Anurag Sharma University of the South Pacific, Fiji

Tutorial Co-chairs
Min-Ling Zhang Southeast University, China
Yi Mei Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand

Industry Co-chairs
Duc Nghia Pham MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia
Sankalp Khanna CSIRO, Australia

Sponsorship Co-chairs
Andy Song Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia
Sabiha Khan Fiji National University, Fiji

Web and Publicity Co-chairs

Mahmood Rashid Victoria University, Australia
Benjamin Cowley Griffith University, Australia

Local Arrangements
Priynka Sharma University of the South Pacific, Fiji
Gavin Khan University of the South Pacific, Fiji
Wafaa Wardha University of the South Pacific, Fiji
Goel Aman Lal University of the South Pacific, Fiji

Program Committee
Eriko Aiba University of Electro-Communications, Japan
Patricia Anthony Lincoln University, New Zealand
Quan Bai Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Yun Bai University of Western Sydney, Australia
Blai Bonet Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela
Richard Booth Cardiff University, UK
Zied Bouraoui CRIL – CNRS, Université d’Artois, France
Arina Britz CAIR, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Rafael Cabredo De La Salle University, Philippines
Longbing Cao University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Lawrence Cavedon RMIT University, Australia
Siqi Chen Tianjin University, China
Songcan Chen Nanjing University of Aeronautics
and Astronautics, China
Wu Chen Southwest University, China
Yingke Chen Sichuan University, China
Wai Khuen Cheng Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
 Organization ix

Krisana Chinnasarn Burapha University, Thailand

Phatthanaphong Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Chomphuwiset
Dan Corbett Optimodal Technologies, USA
Célia da Costa Pereira Université Côte d’Azur, France
Jirapun Daengdej Assumption University, Thailand
Xuan-Hong Dang IBM T.J. Watson, USA
Abdollah Dehzangi Morgan State University, USA
Clare Dixon University of Liverpool, UK
Shyamala Doraisamy Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Atilla Elci Aksaray University, Turkey
Vlad Estivill-Castro Griffith University, Australia
Eduardo Fermé Universidade da Madeira, Portugal
Christian Freksa University of Bremen, Germany
Katsuhide Fujita Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,
Japan
Naoki Fukuta Shizuoka University, Japan
Marcus Gallagher University of Queensland, Australia
Dragan Gamberger Ruđer Bošković Institute, Croatia
Wei Gao Nanjing University, China
Xiaoying Gao Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Yang Gao Nanjing University, China
Xin Geng Southeast University, China
Manolis Gergatsoulis Ionian University, Greece
Guido Governatori CSIRO, Australia
Alban Grastien Data61, Australia
Fikret Gürgen Boğaziçi University, Turkey
Peter Haddawy Mahidol University, Thailand
Bing Han Xidian University, China
Choochart Haruechaiyasak NECTEC, Thailand
Kiyota Hashimoto Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Tessai Hayama Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan
Jose Hernandez-Orallo Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
Juhua Hu University of Washington, USA
Sheng-Jun Huang Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
China
Xiaodi Huang Charles Sturt University, Australia
Van Nam Huynh JAIST, Japan
Masashi Inoue Tohoku Institute of Technology, Japan
Sanjay Jain National University of Singapore, Singapore
Jianmin Ji University of Science and Technology of China, China
Liangxiao Jiang China University of Geosciences, China
Yichuan Jiang Southeast University, China
Hideaki Kanai JAIST, Japan
Ryo Kanamori Nagoya University, Japan
Byeong-Ho Kang University of Tasmania, Australia
x Organization

C. Maria Keet University of Cape Town, South Africa

Gabriele Kern-Isberner Technische Universität Dortmund, Germany
Sankalp Khanna CSIRO, Australia
Frank Klawonn Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Sébastien Konieczny CRIL - CNRS, France
Alfred Krzywicki University of New South Wales, Australia
Young-Bin Kwon Chung-Ang University, South Korea
Ho-Pun Lam CSIRO, Australia
Jérôme Lang CNRS, LAMSADE, University Paris-Dauphine,
France
Roberto Legaspi RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Japan
Gang Li Deakin University, Australia
Guangliang Li University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Li Li Southwest University, China
Ming Li Nanjing University, China
Tianrui Li Southwest Jiaotong University, China
Yu-Feng Li Nanjing University, China
Beishui Liao Zhejiang University, China
Jiamou Liu University of Auckland, New Zealand
Qing Liu CSIRO, Australia
Michael Maher Reasoning Research Institute, Australia
Xinjun Mao National University of Defense Technology, China
Eric Martin University of New South Wales, Australia
Maria Vanina Martinez Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Sanparith Marukatat NECTEC, Thailand
Michael Mayo University of Waikato, New Zealand
Brendan Mccane University of Otago, New Zealand
Thomas Meyer University of Cape Town and CAIR, South Africa
James Montgomery University of Tasmania, Australia
Abhaya Nayak Macquarie University, Australia
Richi Nayak QUT, Australia
Kourosh Neshatian University of Canterbury, New Zealand
M. A. Hakim Newton Griffith University, Australia
Shahrul Azman Noah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Masayuki Numao Osaka University, Japan
Kouzou Ohara Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan
Hayato Ohwada Tokyo University of Science, Japan
Mehmet Orgun Macquarie University, Australia
Noriko Otani Tokyo City University, Japan
Lionel Ott University of Sydney, Australia
Maurice Pagnucco University of New South Wales, Australia
Hye-Young Paik University of New South Wales, Australia
Laurent Perrussel IRIT, Université de Toulouse, France
Bernhard Pfahringer University of Waikato, New Zealand
Duc Nghia Pham MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia
Jantima Polpinij Mahasarakham University, Thailand
 Organization xi

Mikhail Prokopenko University of Sydney, Australia

Chao Qian University of Science and Technology of China, China
Yuhua Qian Shanxi University, China
Joël Quinqueton LIRMM, France
Fenghui Ren University of Wollongong, Australia
Mark Reynolds University of Western Australia, Australia
Ji Ruan Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Kazumi Saito University of Shizuoka, Japan
Chiaki Sakama Wakayama University, Japan
Ken Satoh National Institute of Informatics and Sokendai, Japan
Abdul Sattar Griffith University, Australia
Torsten Schaub University of Potsdam, Germany
Nicolas Schwind National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology, Japan
Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher University of New Caledonia, New Caledonia
Lin Shang Nanjing University, China
Alok Sharma RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Japan
Chuan Shi Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
Zhenwei Shi Beihang University, China
Daichi Shigemizu NCGG, Japan
Yanfeng Shu CSIRO, Australia
Guillermo R. Simari Universidad del Sur in Bahia Blanca, Argentina
Tony Smith University of Waikato, New Zealand
Chattrakul Sombattheera Mahasarakham University, Thailand
Andy Song RMIT University, Australia
Markus Stumptner University of South Australia, Australia
Xing Su Beijing University of Technology, China
Merlin Teodosia Suarez De La Salle University, Philippines
Thepchai Supnithi NECTEC, Thailand
Michael Thielscher University of New South Wales, Australia
Shikui Tu Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Miroslav Velev Aries Design Automation, USA
Serena Villata CNRS, France
Toby Walsh University of New South Wales, Australia
Kewen Wang Griffith University, Australia
Qi Wang Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Wei Wang NJU, China
Paul Weng UM-SJTU Joint Institute, China
Peter Whigham University of Otago, New Zealand
Wayne Wobcke University of New South Wales, Australia
Brendon J. Woodford University of Otago, New Zealand
Chang Xu University of Sydney, Australia
Guandong Xu University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Ming Xu Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
Shuxiang Xu University of Tasmania, Australia
xii Organization

Xin-Shun Xu Shandong University, China

Bing Xue Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
Hui Xue Southeast University, China
Bo Yang Jilin University, China
Ming Yang Nanjing Normal University, China
Roland Yap National University of Singapore, Singapore
Kenichi Yoshida University of Tsukuba, Japan
Chao Yu University of Wollongong, Australia
Yang Yu Nanjing University, China
Takaya Yuizono JAIST, Japan
Yifeng Zeng Teesside University, UK
Chengqi Zhang University of Technology Sydney, Australia
Dongmo Zhang Western Sydney University, Australia
Du Zhang Macau University of Science and Technology, China
Min-Ling Zhang Southeast University, China
Minjie Zhang University of Wollongong, Australia
Qieshi Zhang Chinese Academy of Sciences, Australia
Rui Zhang University of Melbourne, Australia
Shichao Zhang Guangxi Normal University, China
Wen Zhang Beijing University of Technology, China
Yu Zhang Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
SAR China
Zhao Zhang Hefei University of Technology, China
Zili Zhang Deakin University, Australia
Zongzhang Zhang Soochow University, China
Li Zhao MSRA, China
Yanchang Zhao CSIRO, Australia
Shuigeng Zhou Fudan University, China
Zhi-Hua Zhou Nanjing University, China
Xiaofeng Zhu Guangxi Normal University, China
Xingquan Zhu Florida Atlantic University, USA
Fuzhen Zhuang Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Additional Reviewers

Shintaro Akiyama Bayu Distiawan

Yuya Asanomi Shaokang Dong
Mansour Assaf Steve Edwards
Weiling Cai Suhendry Effendy
Rohitash Chandra Jorge Fandinno
Jairui Chen Zaiwen Feng
Armin Chitizadeh Chuanxin Geng
Laurenz A. Cornelissen Sayuri Higaki
Emon Dey Jin B. Hong
Duy Tai Dinh Yuxuan Hu
 Organization xiii

Paul Salvador Inventado Swakkhar Shatabda

Abdul Karim Manisha Sirsat
Karamjit Kaur Fengyi Song
Sunil Lal Yixin Su
Ang Li Adam Svahn
Haopeng Li Trung Huynh Thanh
Weikai Li Yanlling Tian
Yun Li Qing Tian
Yuyu Li Jannai Tokotoko
Shenglan Liao Nhi N. Y. Vo
Shaowu Liu Guodong Wang
Yuxin Liu Jing Wang
Wolfgang Mayer Xiaojie Wang
Kingshuk Mazumdar Yi Wang
Nguyen Le Minh Yuchen Wang
Risa Mitsumori Yunyun Wang
Taiki Mori Shiqing Wu
Majid Namaazi Peng Xiao
Courtney Ngo Yi Xu
Aaron Nicolson Wanqi Yang
Lifan Pan Heng Yao
Asanga Ranasinghe Dayong Ye
Vahid Riahi Jun Yin
Maria AF Rodriguez Zhao Zhang
Manou Rosenberg Zhu Zhirui
Matt Selway Zili Zhou
Cong Shang Yunkai Zhuang
 Contents – Part I

Learning

Explaining Black-Box Models Using Interpretable Surrogates . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Deepthi Praveenlal Kuttichira, Sunil Gupta, Cheng Li, Santu Rana,
and Svetha Venkatesh

Classifier Learning from Imbalanced Corpus

by Autoencoded Over-Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Eunkyung Park, Raymond K. Wong, and Victor W. Chu

Semisupervised Cross-Media Retrieval by Distance-Preserving

Correlation Learning and Multi-modal Manifold Regularization . . . . . . . . . . 30
Ting Wang, Hong Zhang, Bo Li, and Xin Xu

Explaining Deep Learning Models with Constrained

Adversarial Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Jonathan Moore, Nils Hammerla, and Chris Watkins

Time-Guided High-Order Attention Model of Longitudinal

Heterogeneous Healthcare Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Yi Huang, Xiaoshan Yang, and Changsheng Xu

Towards Understanding Classification and Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Mattia Fumagalli, Gábor Bella, and Fausto Giunchiglia

What Prize Is Right? How to Learn the Optimal Structure

for Crowdsourcing Contests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Nhat Van-Quoc Truong, Sebastian Stein, Long Tran-Thanh,
and Nicholas R. Jennings

Simple Is Better: A Global Semantic Consistency Based End-to-End

Framework for Effective Zero-Shot Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Fan Wu, Shuigeng Zhou, Kang Wang, Yi Xu, Jihong Guan,
and Jun Huan

A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Gaining Social Capital

with Partial Observation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
He Zhao, Hongyi Su, Yang Chen, Jiamou Liu, Hong Zheng, and Bo Yan
xvi Contents – Part I

Knowledge Handling

Emotion Recognition from Music Enhanced by Domain Knowledge . . . . . . . 121

Yangyang Shu and Guandong Xu

A Better Understanding of the Interaction Between Users and Items

by Knowledge Graph Learning for Temporal Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . 135
Chunjing Xiao, Cong Xie, Shuyan Cao, Yuxiang Zhang, Wei Fan,
and Hongjun Heng

Knowledge-Aware and Retrieval-Based Models for Distantly Supervised

Relation Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Xuemiao Zhang, Kejun Deng, Leilei Zhang, Zhouxing Tan,
and Junfei Liu

Two-Stage Entity Alignment: Combining Hybrid Knowledge Graph

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