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 Ioannis Caragiannis
Vahab Mirrokni
Evdokia Nikolova (Eds.)
ARCoSS
LNCS 11920

Web and
Internet Economics
15th International Conference, WINE 2019
New York, NY, USA, December 10–12, 2019
Proceedings
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11920
Commenced Publication in 1973
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board Members

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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409
Ioannis Caragiannis Vahab Mirrokni
• •

Evdokia Nikolova (Eds.)

Web and
Internet Economics
15th International Conference, WINE 2019
New York, NY, USA, December 10–12, 2019
Proceedings

123
Editors
Ioannis Caragiannis Vahab Mirrokni
University of Patras Google Research New York
Rio, Greece New York, NY, USA
Evdokia Nikolova
The University of Texas System
Austin, TX, USA

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)

Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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 Preface

This volume contains the regular papers and abstracts presented at the 15th Conference
on Web and Internet Economics (WINE 2019) held during December 10–12, 2019, in
New York (USA) at Columbia University.
Over almost 20 years, researchers in theoretical computer science, artificial intelli-
gence, and economics have joined forces to tackle problems involving incentives and
computation. These problems are of particular importance in application areas like the
Web and the Internet that involve large and diverse populations.
WINE is an interdisciplinary forum for the exchange of ideas and scientific progress
on incentives and computation arising from these various fields. WINE 2019 built on
the success of the WINE series (named Workshop on Internet and Network Economics
until 2013), which was held annually from 2005 to 2018.
The Program Committee, comprised of 42 top researchers from the field, reviewed
111 submissions and decided to accept 36 papers. Each paper had three reviews, with
additional reviews solicited as needed. We are very grateful to the Program Committee
for their insightful reviews and discussions. The review process was conducted entirely
electronically via EasyChair – we gratefully acknowledge this support. We also thank
Springer for providing the proceedings and offering support for the Best Paper Award.
The program included three invited talks by leading researchers in the field: Suchi
Chawla (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA), Michael I. Jordan (University of
California, Berkeley, USA), and Tuomas Sandholm (Carnegie Mellon University,
USA).
Our special thanks to the general chair Paul Goldberg, the local organizers Xi Chen
and Omri Weinstein, and the poster chairs Santiago Balseiro and Jon Schneider.

October 2019 Ioannis Caragiannis

Vahab Mirrokni
Evdokia Nikolova
 Organization

Program Committee
Elliot Anshelevich Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
Haris Aziz University of New South Wales, Australia
Santiago Balseiro Columbia University, USA
Siddharth Barman Indian Institute of Science, India
Ioannis Caragiannis University of Patras, Greece
George Christodoulou University of Liverpool, UK
Bart de Keijzer University of Essex, UK
Argyrios Deligkas University of Liverpool, UK
Edith Elkind University of Oxford, UK
Aris Filos-Ratsikas University of Liverpool, UK
Michele Flammini Gran Sasso Science Institute and University of L’Aquila,
Italy
Dimitris Fotakis National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Yiannis Technical University of Munich, Germany
Giannakopoulos
Vasilis Gkatzelis Drexel University, USA
Nikolai Gravin Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, China
Nima Haghpanah Pennsylvania State University, USA
Martin Hoefer Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
Ian Kash University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Thanasis Lianeas National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Azarakhsh Malekian University of Toronto, Canada
Evangelos Markakis Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece
Vahab Mirrokni Google, USA
Rad Niazadeh Stanford University, USA
Evdokia Nikolova University of Texas at Austin, USA
Sigal Oren Ben-Gurion University, Israel
Renato Paes Leme Google, USA
Ioannis Panageas Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
Giuseppe Persiano University of Salerno, Italy
Georgios Piliouras Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
Maria Polukarov King’s College London, UK
Emmanouil Drexel University, USA
Pountourakis
Davide Proserpio University of Southern California, USA
Alexandros Psomas Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, USA
Aviad Rubinstein Stanford University, USA
Marco Scarsini LUISS, Italy
viii Organization

Guido Schaefer CWI Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Jon Schneider Google, USA
Grant Schoenebeck University of Michigan, USA
Marc Schroder RWTH Aachen University, Germany
Nisarg Shah University of Toronto, Canada
Samuel Taggart Oberlin College, USA
Christos Tzamos University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Adrian Vetta McGill University, Canada
Matt Weinberg Princeton University, USA
Song Zuo Google, USA

Additional Reviewers

Aloisio, Alessandro Gergatsouli, Evangelia

Azizan, Navid Gurkan, Huseyin
Babichenko, Yakov Guruganesh, Guru
Beyhaghi, Hedyeh Hahn, Niklas
Bilò, Vittorio Hollender, Alexandros
Birmpas, Georgios Idem, Berk
Biswas, Arpita Jabbari, Shahin
Branzei, Simina Khodabakhsh, Ali
Brokkelkamp, Ruben Kleer, Pieter
Burrell, Noah Kodric, Bojana
Cai, Linda Kontonis, Vasilis
Castro, Francisco Kotsialou, Grammateia
Chakraborty, Mithun Krishna, Anand
Chen, Louis Kroer, Christian
Cheung, Yun Kuen Lahaie, Sebastien
Cseh, Ágnes Lazos, Philip
Dall’Aglio, Marco Lee, Barton
Dasaratha, Krishna Lenzner, Pascal
Deng, Yuan Leonardos, Stefanos
Dobzinski, Shahar Li, Bo
Du, Longyuan Liu, Siqi
Essaidi, Meryem Lucier, Brendan
Fallah, Alireza Ma, Hongyao
Fanelli, Angelo Mao, Jieming
Farajollahzadeh, Setareh Marmolejo Cossio, Francisco Javier
Fearnley, John Mauras, Simon
Feng, Yiding Melissourgos, Themistoklis
Feng, Zhe Mohan, Divyarthi
Ferraioli, Diodato Monachou, Faidra
Fournier, Gaëtan Monnot, Barnabé
Freeman, Rupert Moroz, Daniel
Garg, Jugal Mouzakis, Nikos
 Organization ix

Munoz Medina, Andres Syrgkanis, Vasilis

Nagarajan, Sai Ganesh Tang, Zhihao Gavin
Papadigenopoulos, Orestis Tao, Biaoshuai
Paparas, Dimitris Tavafoghi, Hamidreza
Patel, Neel Thomas, Clayton
Patsilinakos, Panagiotis Tsikiridis, Artem
Podimata, Chara Tziotis, Isidoros
Protopapas, Nicos Vaccari, Stefano
Quattropani, Matteo Vaidya, Tushar
Raghavan, Manish Ventre, Carmine
Rahimian, Amin Vinci, Cosimo
Rathi, Nidhi Voudouris, Alexandros
Ray Chaudhury, Bhaskar Wang, Xiao
Schmand, Daniel Wilhelmi, Lisa
Schoepflin, Daniel Williams, Cole
Schuldenzucker, Steffen X. Ferreira, Matheus V.
Schvartzman, Ariel Xiao, Shenke
Serafino, Paolo Xu, Haifeng
Sivan, Balasubramanian Yu, Fang-Yi
Skoulakis, Stratis Zhao, Mingfei
Sotiraki, Katerina Zhou, Yun
Strangway, Tyrone Ziani, Juba
Suksompong, Warut
 Contents

Regular Papers

Awareness of Voter Passion Greatly Improves the Distortion of Metric

Social Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ben Abramowitz, Elliot Anshelevich, and Wennan Zhu

Autobidding with Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Gagan Aggarwal, Ashwinkumar Badanidiyuru, and Aranyak Mehta

Response Prediction for Low-Regret Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Saeed Alaei, Ashwinkumar Badanidiyuru, Mohammad Mahdian,
and Sadra Yazdanbod

Computing Equilibria of Prediction Markets via Persuasion . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Jerry Anunrojwong, Yiling Chen, Bo Waggoner, and Haifeng Xu

Fair and Efficient Cake Division with Connected Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran, Siddharth Barman, Rachitesh Kumar,
and Nidhi Rathi

A New Approach to Fair Distribution of Welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Moshe Babaioff and Uriel Feige

From Darwin to Poincaré and von Neumann: Recurrence and Cycles

in Evolutionary and Algorithmic Game Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Victor Boone and Georgios Piliouras

On the Convergence of Swap Dynamics to Pareto-Optimal Matchings . . . . . . 100

Felix Brandt and Anaëlle Wilczynski

Hotelling Games with Random Tolerance Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Avi Cohen and David Peleg

Mix and Match: Markov Chains and Mixing Times for Matching
in Rideshare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Michael Curry, John P. Dickerson, Karthik Abinav Sankararaman,
Aravind Srinivasan, Yuhao Wan, and Pan Xu

Persuasion and Incentives Through the Lens of Duality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Shaddin Dughmi, Rad Niazadeh, Alexandros Psomas,
and S. Matthew Weinberg
xii Contents

Convergence and Hardness of Strategic Schelling Segregation . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Hagen Echzell, Tobias Friedrich, Pascal Lenzner, Louise Molitor,
Marcus Pappik, Friedrich Schöne, Fabian Sommer, and David Stangl

Automated Optimal OSP Mechanisms for Set Systems:

The Case of Small Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Diodato Ferraioli, Adrian Meier, Paolo Penna, and Carmine Ventre

The Pareto Frontier of Inefficiency in Mechanism Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Aris Filos-Ratsikas, Yiannis Giannakopoulos, and Philip Lazos

On the Price of Anarchy of Cost-Sharing in Real-Time

Scheduling Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Eirini Georgoulaki and Kostas Kollias

The Classes PPA-k: Existence from Arguments Modulo k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Alexandros Hollender

On the Approximability of Simple Mechanisms for MHR Distributions . . . . . 228

Yaonan Jin, Weian Li, and Qi Qi

Topological Price of Anarchy Bounds for Clustering Games on Networks . . . 241

Pieter Kleer and Guido Schäfer

Outsourcing Computation: The Minimal Refereed Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Yuqing Kong, Chris Peikert, Grant Schoenebeck, and Biaoshuai Tao

On Core-Selecting and Core-Competitive Mechanisms for Binary

Single-Parameter Auctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Evangelos Markakis and Artem Tsikiridis

Scheduling Games with Machine-Dependent Priority Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Marc Schröder, Tami Tamir, and Vipin Ravindran Vijayalakshmi

Optimal Search Segmentation Mechanisms for Online Platform Markets . . . . 301

Zhenzhe Zheng and R. Srikant

On the Price of Anarchy for High-Price Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Carme Àlvarez and Arnau Messegué

Abstracts

Competition in Ride-Hailing Markets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

AmirMahdi Ahmadinejad, Hamid Nazerzadeh, Amin Saberi,
Nolan Skochdopole, and Kane Sweeney

Persuading Risk-Conscious Agents: A Geometric Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Jerry Anunrojwong, Krishnamurthy Iyer, and David Lingenbrink
 Contents xiii

Scrip Systems with Minimal Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Itai Ashlagi and Süleyman Kerimov

The Capacity Constrained Facility Location Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Haris Aziz, Hau Chan, Barton E. Lee, and David C. Parkes

The Price of Anarchy in Routing Games as a Function of the Demand . . . . . 337

Roberto Cominetti, Valerio Dose, and Marco Scarsini

The Value of Personalized Pricing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Adam N. Elmachtoub, Vishal Gupta, and Michael L. Hamilton

Sophisticated Attacks on Decoy Ballots: A Devil’s Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Hans Gersbach, Akaki Mamageishvili, and Oriol Tejada

Markets Beyond Nash Welfare for Leontief Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Ashish Goel, Reyna Hulett, and Benjamin Plaut

Capacity and Price Competition in Markets with Congestion Effects . . . . . . . 341

Tobias Harks and Anja Schedel

Equality of Power and Fair Public Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Nicole Immorlica, Benjamin Plaut, and E. Glen Weyl

How to Hire Secretaries with Stochastic Departures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Thomas Kesselheim, Alexandros Psomas, and Shai Vardi

Almost Quasi-linear Utilities in Disguise: Positive-Representation

an Extension of Roberts’ Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Ilan Nehama

Information Design in Spatial Resource Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Pu Yang, Krishnamurthy Iyer, and Peter I. Frazier

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Regular Papers
 Awareness of Voter Passion Greatly
Improves the Distortion of Metric Social
Choice

Ben Abramowitz(B) , Elliot Anshelevich(B) , and Wennan Zhu(B)

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

{abramb,anshee,zhuw5}@rpi.edu

Abstract. We develop new voting mechanisms for the case where voters
and candidates are located in an arbitrary unknown metric space, and
the goal is to choose a candidate minimizing social cost: the total dis-
tance of the voters to this candidate. Previous work has often assumed
that only the ordinal preferences of the voters are known (instead of
their true costs), and focused on minimizing distortion: the quality of
the chosen candidate as compared to the best possible candidate. In this
paper, we instead assume that a (very small) amount of information is
known about the voter preference strengths, not just about their ordinal
preferences. We provide mechanisms with much better distortion when
this extra information is known as compared to mechanisms which use
only ordinal information. We quantify tradeoffs between the amount of
information known about preference strengths and the achievable distor-
tion. We further provide advice about which type of information about
preference strengths seems to be the most useful. Finally, we conclude
by quantifying the ideal candidate distortion, which compares the quality
of the chosen outcome with the best possible candidate that could ever
exist, instead of only the best candidate that is actually in the running.

1 Introduction
One often hears about ‘where candidates stand’ on issues, calling to mind a
spatial model of preferences in social choice [5,25,27,28,32,35]. In proximity-
based spatial models, voters’ preferences over candidates are derived from their
distances to each of the candidates in some issue space. In particular, we consider
voters and candidates which lie in an arbitrary unknown metric space. Our work
follows a recent line of research in social choice which considers this setting [2–4,
10,15–17,19,22,24,26,33,36]. The distance between each voter and the winning
candidate is interpreted as the cost to that voter. Naturally, one of the main
goals is to select the candidate which minimizes the total Social Cost, i.e., the
sum of costs of the voters.
The crucial observation in the work cited above is that the actual costs of the
voters for the selection of each candidate (i.e., the distances in the metric space)
This work was partially supported by NSF award CCF-1527497.
c Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
I. Caragiannis et al. (Eds.): WINE 2019, LNCS 11920, pp. 3–16, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35389-6_1
4 B. Abramowitz et al.

are often unknown or difficult to obtain [11]. Instead, it is more reasonable to

assume that voters only report ordinal preferences: orderings over the candidates
which are induced by, and consistent with, latent individual costs. Because of
this, past research has often focused on optimizing distortion: the worst-case
ratio between the winning candidate selected by a voting rule aware of only
ordinal preferences, and the best available candidate which minimizes the overall
social cost. Many insights were obtained for this setting, including that there are
deterministic voting rules which obtain a distortion of at most a small constant
(5 in [2], and more recently 4.236 in [31]), and that no deterministic rule can
obtain a distortion of better than 3 given access to only ordinal information.1
The fundamental assumption and motivation in the above work is that the
strength or intensity of voter preferences is not possible to obtain, and thus we
must do the best we can with only ordinal preferences. And indeed, knowing the
exact strength of voter preferences is usually impossible. In many settings, how-
ever, some cardinal information about the ardor of voter preferences is readily
available or obtainable, and is often used to affect outcomes and make better
collective decisions. For example, a decision in a meeting may be decided in favor
of a minority position if those in the minority are significantly more adamant or
passionate about the issue than the apathetic majority, as revealed during dis-
cussion or debate. In political campaigns, the amounts of monetary donations,
activists attending rallies, and other measures of “grass-root support” can cause
a candidate to become a de-facto front-runner even before an official election or
primary is ever held. Because of this, in this paper we ask the question: “How
much can the quality of selected candidates be improved if we know some small
amount of information about the strength of voter preferences?”
There are many different approaches for modeling, measuring, eliciting, and
aggregating the strength or intensity of voter preferences [12,18]. Such measures
can be done through survey techniques, measuring the total amount of monetary
contributions, amounts of excitement and time people spend volunteering or
advocating for particular issues, etc (see Sect. 2). All such measures are by their
very nature imprecise. And yet while it is unreasonable to assume that exact
strength of preference is known for every voter, it is certainly possible to obtain
insights such as “there are many more voters who are passionate about candidate
A as compared to candidate B”, or quantify the approximate amount of extreme
preference strengths as opposed to the voters who are mostly indifferent. As we
show in this paper, even such a small amount of information about aggregate
preference strengths or the amount of passionate voters can greatly improve
distortion, and allow mechanisms which provably result in outcomes that are
close to optimal. In fact, knowing only a single additional bit of information for
each voter (i.e., do they prefer A to B strongly, or not strongly?) is enough to
greatly improve distortion.

1
We focus on deterministic mechanisms in this paper; see Sect. 2 for a discussion of
why.
 Awareness of Voter Passion 5

Model and Notation. As in previous work on metric distortion, we have

a set of voters V = {1, 2, . . . , n} and a set of candidates (or alternatives) C.
These voters and candidates correspond to points in an arbitrary (unknown)
metric space d. The voter preferences over the candidates are induced by the
underlying metric, i.e., voters prefer candidates who are closer to them. Voter
i prefers candidate P over candidate Q (i.e., P i Q) only if d(i, P ) ≤ d(i, Q).
Moreover, we assume that the strengths of voter preferences are induced by
these latent distances. If i prefers P over Q, then the strength of this preference
is αiP Q = d(i,Q)
d(i,P ) . The cost to voter i if candidate P is elected is d(i, P
), and the
goal is to select the candidate minimizing the Social Cost: SC(P ) = d(i, P ).
i∈V
Given a set of preference strength thresholds {1 ≤ τ1 < τ2 < . . . < τm },
voters report the largest threshold which their preference strength exceeds for
each pair of candidates. We let AP 
Q
= {i ∈ V : d(i, P ) ≤ d(i, Q) and τ ≤
αi < τ+1 } and B = {j ∈ V : d(j, Q) ≤ d(j, P ) and τ ≤ αjQP < τ+1 }.
PQ PQ

When τ1 = 1 we know the preferred candidate of every voter, i.e., for voter i
and each pair of candidates P and Q, we know whether i prefer P or Q. When
τ1 > 1 we let C denote the set of voters with preference strength strictly less than
τ1 whose preferred candidate is unknown. When m → ∞, we know the exact
preference strength of every voter for every pair of candidates. For convenience in
expressing some of our bounds, we also sometimes say τm+1 = ∞ and τ0 = 1/τ1 .
In previous work on metric distortion only the ordinal preferences were
known, i.e., whether (P i Q) or (Q i P ). In this paper, however, we
assume that we are also given some information about the preference strengths
αiP Q = d(i,Q)
d(i,P ) as well. Note that knowing these values still does not tell us how
d(i, P ) compares with d(j, P ) for i = j, only how strongly each voter feels when
comparing different candidates.
For a given voting rule R and instance I = {V, C, d}, let PI be the winning
candidate selected by R and let ZI be the best available candidate (the one
minimizing the Social Cost). Then, the distortion of winning candidate PI is
defined as
SC(PI )
δI =
SC(ZI )
The distortion of a voting rule R is defined by its behavior on a worst-case
instance:
SC(PI )
δ = max δI = max
I I SC(ZI )

Lower Bounds on Distortion with Preference Strengths. Before present-

ing our main results, we first provide lower bounds on the minimum distortion
any deterministic mechanism can achieve given only preference strength infor-
mation. First, note that even if all exact preference strengths were known to us,
we still would not be able to choose the optimal candidate: knowing the relative
strength of preference for every voter is not the same thing as knowing their
d(i,P )
exact distances to every candidate (i.e., we would only know αi = d(i,Q) and not
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