Notes by Abhimanyu Kumar | B.Tech.

(CS), IIT Delhi | Rank 51, 68th BPSC

Ninja Series
May 2025 - National

National
1.​ India – 4th Largest Economy → India’s GDP ~$4.187 trillion surpassed Japan ($4.186 trillion) +
now ranks behind only the US, China, and Germany.​

2.​ HCL–Foxconn Semiconductor Plant → 6th semiconductor fab approved under India
Semiconductor Mission + a joint venture near Jewar Airport, Uttar Pradesh + boosts domestic
chip manufacturing and aligns with Make in India tech ambitions.​

3.​ 9000 HP Electric Locomotive → India’s most powerful single-unit electric locomotive (9000
horsepower) unveiled in Dahod, Gujarat + inaugurated by PM Modi.​

4.​ IWAI Srinagar Office (Waterways) → Inland Waterways Authority opened a regional office in
Srinagar + to develop inland navigation on Chenab (NW-26), Jhelum (NW-49), Ravi (NW-84).​

5.​ ReNew Power’s Mega Renewable Park → ReNew Power investing ₹22,000 crore in Anantapur,
Andhra Pradesh + setting up India’s largest single-site renewable energy complex (587 MW solar
+ 250 MW wind + 415 MWh battery storage).​

6.​ LIC’s One-Day Policy Sales Record → Life Insurance Corporation of India (est. 1956) achieved a
Guinness World Record by selling 588,107 policies in a single day (Jan 20, 2025).​

7.​ Nagshankar Turtle Conservation Temple → Nagshankar Temple in Assam recognized as a model
for turtle conservation + temple ponds serve as sanctuaries for endangered freshwater turtles.​

8.​ Maharashtra M-Sand Policy → Maharashtra mandates artificial sand (m-sand) for all
government and semi-government construction projects + curbs illegal river sand miningt.​

9.​ Vistadome Jungle Safari Train → India’s first Vistadome safari train launched in Uttar Pradesh +
connects Dudhwa Tiger Reserve with Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary + eco-tourism initiative
offering panoramic views of forests​

10.​Vat Amavasya – Harit Yoga → special event by NIN Pune (May 26, 2025) celebrating the Banyan
tree on Vat Amavasya + part of 11th International Yoga Day (theme “Yoga for One Earth, One

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Health”) linking yoga, nature, and wellness.​

11.​ President Murmu’s Article 143 Reference → President Droupadi Murmu invoked Article 143 of
the Constitution + sought Supreme Court’s advisory opinion on the limits of Governor’s and
President’s powers over State bills (Articles 200 & 201) + queries address issues of assent,
withholding, reservation of bills and the scope of judicial remedy under Article 142, bench
requirements (Article 145(3)), and immunity of Governors/President (Article 361).​

12.​Mandatory Experience for Judges → Supreme Court (Chief Justice B.R. Gavai’s bench) ruled
(May 20, 2025) that minimum 3 years of legal practice is required to apply for Civil Judge (Junior
Division) posts + aims to ensure new judges have hands-on litigation experience.​

13.​Judges’ Assets Made Public → In a push for transparency, the Supreme Court published the
asset declarations of 21 sitting judges (May 2025) + precedent-setting move ahead of CJI Sanjiv
Khanna’s retirement.​

14.​Justice Bela M. Trivedi Retires → Justice Bela Trivedi, 11th woman to serve on the Supreme
Court, retired on May 16, 2025 + noted for landmark judgments (upholding EWS quota, clarifying
POCSO Act, allowing SC/ST sub-classification) + had a distinguished career including key
administrative roles in Gujarat judiciary.​

15.​“Safe Harbour” Law Revisited → Government reviewing Section 79 of IT Act, 2000 (Safe
Harbour clause) + aims to make social media intermediaries more accountable for fake news and
misinformation + could narrow platforms’ immunity and compel stronger content moderation
to curb online misinformation.​

16.​Maternal Mortality Rate Drops → India’s Maternal Mortality Ratio improved to 93 per 100,000
live births (2019-21) + down from 97 in 2018–20 + indicates progress in maternal healthcare +
however, some states still have high MMR, highlighting need for targeted improvements to meet
the UN’s <70 goal by 2030.​

17.​ Tobacco-Free Educational Zones → Nationwide drive for Tobacco-Free Educational Institutions
(ToFEI) launched May 31, 2025 (World No Tobacco Day) + enforcing COTPA 2003, Section 6(b)
ban on tobacco sales within 100 yards of schools/colleges + involves surprise inspections and
awareness campaigns (MyGov quizzes).​

18.​Mizorma Achieves Full Literacy → Mizoram becomes 1st state to become fully literate + Goa
becomes the 2nd state to achieve full literacy..​

19.​Navi Mumbai Edu City → Maharashtra announced India’s first Edu City in Navi Mumbai +
unveiled by CM Devendra Fadnavis at WAVES Summit 2025 + to partner with foreign universities

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for world-class higher education hub.​

20.​Kozhikode – Age-Friendly City → Kozhikode (Kerala) inducted into WHO’s Global Network of
Age-Friendly Cities + recognized for making the city more accessible and inclusive for the elderly
(e.g. barrier-free public spaces, healthcare access).​

21.​FSSAI Cracks Down on Carbide → Food Safety Authority (FSSAI) orders strict action against use
of calcium carbide for fruit ripening (especially in mangoes) + notes health hazards (carcinogenic
effects, mouth ulcers) + directs states to increase market inspections, raise public awareness,
and promote safe ripening alternatives like ethylene gas.​

22.​Miss World 2025 in Telangana → The 72nd Miss World pageant is being hosted in Telangana,
India (May 2025) + Offers a global stage to showcase the state’s rich cultural heritage, historic
UNESCO sites, and eco-tourism locales.​

23.​Bharat Bodh Kendra → A new cultural resource center “Bharat Bodh Kendra” opened at India
Habitat Centre, New Delhi + houses curated works on Indian art, music, spirituality, philosophy,
history + aims to celebrate and disseminate India’s civilizational heritage.​

24.​“Gyan Bharatam” Manuscripts Mission → Revamped National Manuscripts Mission (Gyan

Bharatam Mission) to launch on June 9, 2025 + budget hiked to ₹60 crore + will digitize, catalog
and conserve over 1 crore ancient manuscripts + leverages technology to preserve India’s
literary and knowledge heritage.​

25.​Rajon Ki Baoli Restored → The 16th-century Rajon Ki Baoli stepwell (Mehrauli, Delhi) has been
restored by ASI + an architectural relic from Lodi era given new life + enhances cultural tourism
and awareness of India’s historical water management structures.​

26.​Kodaikanal Observatory Stamp → A commemorative postage stamp released for 125 years of
Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (May 17, 2025).​

27.​RBI Surplus Transfer → RBI approves its largest-ever surplus transfer of ₹2.68 lakh crore to the
central government for FY 2024–25.​

28.​Fiscal Deficit Target Met → Government successfully contained the fiscal deficit at 4.8% of GDP
for 2024-25.​

29.​Record FDI Inflows → India attracted USD 81.04 billion in Foreign Direct Investment in FY
2024–25 (about 14% growth YoY) + Services led with +40.7% surge, followed by strong inflows in
manufacturing and computer hardware/software + Maharashtra, Karnataka, Delhi remained
top FDI destinations; major investor countries were Singapore, Mauritius, US​

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30.​Starlink Gets Green Light → Elon Musk’s Starlink received Indian govt.’s approval to offer
satellite internet services + Granted a Letter of Intent to obtain a GMPCS licence under new
satcom guidelines + Paves the way for Starlink to deliver broadband connectivity to remote
areas in India, emphasizing local manufacturing, NavIC integration, and data localization.​

31.​QNB in GIFT City → Qatar National Bank (QNB), the largest bank in the Middle East & Africa,
becomes the first from the region to open a branch in India’s GIFT City (Gujarat).​

32.​Tata-Airbus Helicopter Venture → Tata Advanced Systems Ltd (TASL) and Airbus to set up
India’s first private helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL) in Gujarat.

Schemes
1.​ National Scheme for ITI Upgradation → announced in Budget 2024–25 & 2025–26 + to establish
5 National Centres of Excellence for Skilling (Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kanpur,
Ludhiana) + implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme.​

2.​ Panchayat Analytics Interface (PAI) 2.0 → launched by Ministry of Panchayati Raj (May 2025) +
enhances data-driven governance at Gram Panchayat level + aims to improve local planning &
monitoring with better analytics.​

3.​ ECI’s ECINET platform → a unified digital portal by Election Commission of India + integrates 40+
web & mobile apps into one interface.​

4.​ Depot Darpan, Anna Mitra & Anna Sahayata → new online portals launched under PDS reforms
+ aimed at transparency and efficiency in Public Distribution System + empower citizens with
real-time data on food grain stocks, distribution, and grievance redressal.​

5.​ 10th NITI Aayog Council Meeting → chaired by PM Modi (New Delhi, 2025) + theme “Viksit
Rajya for Viksit Bharat @2047” + attended by 24 States & 7 UTs + set development roadmap
towards a developed India by 2047 (observed silence for Pahalgam terror victims).​

6.​ Jan Suraksha Abhiyan social security schemes complete 10 years (launched 9th May 2015 by PM
Narendra Modi) + Includes PMJJBY, PMSBY, and APY providing affordable life insurance,
accident insurance, and pensions​

7.​ India at WHO → India played a leading role at the 78th World Health Assembly 2025 by
endorsing the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Strategy 2025–2034 + Facilitated the
establishment of a Global Centre for Traditional Medicine in Jamnagar​

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8.​ Tapti Basin Mega Recharge Project → Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra ink MoU to jointly
implement a large-scale water recharge scheme + Will utilize 31.13 TMC of Tapti river water for
irrigation and drinking needs in water-stressed districts​

9.​ Financial Fraud Risk Indicator (FRI) → The DoT unveils an FRI system to combat UPI-related
cyber frauds + Integrated into the Digital Intelligence Platform to rate mobile numbers as
Medium/High/Very High risk (based on inputs from cybercrime data and banks) + Major UPI
apps (PhonePe, Paytm, Google Pay) now get risk alerts to help prevent digital payment frauds.​

10.​Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) → Govt launches ECMS on May 1, 2025
with an outlay of ₹22,805 crore + Aims to boost domestic production of electronic
sub-assemblies (like PCBs, camera modules, lithium-ion cells) to cut import dependence + 70
applications received.​

11.​ RBI – Payments Regulatory Board → RBI establishes a new Payments Regulatory Board (PRB)
for oversight of payment systems + Six-member board (RBI officials and Government nominees
for the first time) chaired by the RBI Governor + Enhances coordination in regulating India’s
fast-growing digital payments ecosystem, focusing on security and innovation

Science, Technology and Defence

1.​ 3 nm Chip Design Centres → India’s first design hubs for 3-nanometer chips launched in Noida
and Bengaluru.​

2.​ Geothermal Energy Breakthrough → Centre for Earth Sciences & Himalayan Studies (CESHS)
drilled Northeast India’s first geothermal well at Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh + paves way for
Dirang to become India’s first geothermal-powered city.​

3.​ GeM-AI Chatbot → launch of GeM-AI, India’s first Generative AI chatbot for public services +
aims to streamline citizen-government interactions on the Government e-Marketplace.​

4.​ BrahMos Missile Facility → new BrahMos supersonic cruise missile production unit inaugurated
(virtually by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh) in Lucknow + part of Uttar Pradesh Defence
Industrial Corridor.​

5.​ Defence Leadership Update → Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi appointed as Navy Chief + Air Chief
Marshal Amar Preet Singh as IAF Chief + Rajesh Kumar Singh as Defence Secretary.​

6.​ INS Sharda – HADR in Maldives → Indian Navy’s INS Sharda deployed to the Maldives for a
week-long Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) exercise + Part of India’s
“MAHASAGAR” initiative to build regional disaster-response capacity and strengthen defence
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ties with IOR neighbors.​

7.​ INS Kiltan at IMDEX Asia → Stealth corvette INS Kiltan represented India at International
Maritime Defence Exhibition (IMDEX) Asia 2025 in Singapore + Showcased India’s naval
indigenization and capabilities to Asia-Pacific countries​

8.​ “Golden Dome” Missile Defense → The US unveiled a proposal for a space-based missile
defense system nicknamed “Golden Dome” + Envisions using satellites or space interceptors to
form a protective shield against incoming missiles.​

9.​ DRDO Stratospheric Airship Test → DRDO (ADRDE Agra) successfully carried out the maiden
flight of a Stratospheric Airship Platform from Sheopur, MP + The airship ascended to ~17 km
altitude and cruised for 62 minutes, testing envelope pressure controls and emergency deflation
systems.​

10.​Indigenous Undersea Mine (MIGM) → DRDO, with the Indian Navy, validated the
Multi-Influence Ground Mine (MIGM) in a test firing with reduced explosives + Developed by
NSTL Visakhapatnam and produced with Bharat Dynamics Ltd and Apollo Microsystems + This
smart mine can target modern stealth submarines, bolstering undersea warfare capabilities​

11.​ “Yashoda AI” for Women → Yashoda AI program launched by National Commission for Women
(with Future Shift Labs) + trains women from rural/semi-urban areas in Artificial Intelligence,
cybersecurity, and digital safety.​

International Affairs
1.​ WHO Global Pandemic Treaty → World Health Assembly (May 2025, Geneva) adopted the
first-ever pandemic treaty + focuses on equitable access to vaccines/diagnostics, strengthening
global coordination, One Health approach, and pathogen-sharing for future pandemics +
absence of the US (former WHO member) raises funding and implementation concerns.​

2.​ Vietnam 10-Year Golden Visa → Vietnam introduced a 10-year “Golden Visa” for Indian
nationals + targets Indian investors, tourists, and professionals for long-term residency.​

3.​ India–Maldives Financial Support → India extended a $50 million credit (Treasury bond) to
Maldives by one more year (May 2025) + via State Bank of India + helps Maldives manage debt
and underscores.​

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4.​ Philippines unveils new visa-free travel policy for Indian nationals + Aims to boost bilateral
tourism and cultural ties​

5.​ Singapore General Election 2025 yields a landslide victory for the ruling People’s Action Party
(PAP) + Prime Minister Lawrence Wong leads PAP to 87 out of 97 seats​

6.​ Australia → In a surprising comeback, Anthony Albanese secures a second term as Prime
Minister in 2025 + Leads the Labor Party to a landslide win​

7.​ Yemen → The Presidential Leadership Council (PLC) appoints Salem Saleh Bin Braik as the new
Prime Minister + Follows the resignation of Ahmed bin Mubarak (citing constitutional
constraints and inability to reform)​

8.​ Germany → Opposition leader Friedrich Merz becomes Chancellor after a historic initial defeat
in the Bundestag + Secures the position in a second vote, ending a period of political uncertainty​

9.​ Vatican → Cardinal Robert Francis Prevost from the US elected as Pope Leo XIV on May 8, 2025
+ Succeeds Pope Francis (who passed on April 21, 2025) + Brings a moderate, globally aware
perspective shaped by years of missionary work in Peru​

10.​Honduras opens its first embassy in New Delhi, India​

11.​ Sudan → Military leader Gen. Abdel-Fattah Burhan appoints Kamil al-Taib Idris as Prime
Minister + First PM named since the civil war erupted in April 2023​

12.​Chagos Islands → The UK signs an agreement (May 22, 2025) to transfer sovereignty of the
Chagos Islands to Mauritius + India welcomes the decision​

13.​Algeria accedes to the New Development Bank (NDB) (BRICS-led)​

14.​US → The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) revokes Harvard University’s SEVP
certification in a rare move + Bars Harvard from admitting new international students for Fall
2025​

15.​Nepal → Yala Glacier in the Himalayas is declared “dead” (no snow/ice left) + Rapid melting
attributed to climate change + Ends its role as a vital research site​

16.​Indonesia → Mount Lewotobi Laki-Laki volcano erupts twice on May 19, 2025​

17.​ Nepal → Legendary Sherpa climber Kami Rita Sherpa summits Mount Everest for the 31st time
(world record).​

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18.​India–Vietnam Buddhist MoU → On Vesak Day 2025 in Vietnam, India and Vietnam signed an
MoU to deepen Buddhist cooperation + Launched the Vietnam Chapter of the International
Buddhist Confederation (IBC) in partnership with the Vietnam Buddhist Sangha + Aims to
promote Buddha Dhamma (teachings).​

19.​India–EU Green Tech Initiatives → Under the new India–EU Trade and Technology Council
(TTC), two joint research calls launched to tackle Marine Plastic Litter (MPL) and
Waste-to-Green Hydrogen (W2GH) + Aligns with the EU’s Zero Pollution Action Plan and India’s
National Green Hydrogen Mission.

Awards & Achievements

1.​ Geeta Samota Scales Everest → CISF Sub-Inspector Geeta Samota from Rajasthan became the
first CISF officer to summit Mount Everest.​

2.​ Actor-philanthropist Sonu Sood wins the Humanitarian Award at the 72nd Miss World Festival +
Honored for his extensive social work during COVID-19 and beyond​

3.​ La Prensa, Nicaragua’s oldest newspaper, awarded the 2025 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World
Press Freedom Prize + Recognized for fearless journalism and resistance in the face of
government repression​

4.​ Child-rights activist Bhuwan Ribhu receives the World Jurist Association’s Medal of Honour +
Acknowledged for his legal advocacy (notably with Bachpan Bachao Andolan) fighting child
labor and trafficking​

5.​ Brazilian scientist Mariangela Hungria wins the 2025 World Food Prize + Awarded for pioneering
research in soil health and sustainable agriculture, benefiting food security in the tropics​

6.​ Renowned poet-lyricist Gulzar and Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya jointly win the
58th Jnanpith Award + Gulzar honored for his profound impact on Indian literature and cinema;
Rambhadracharya for his scholarship in Sanskrit and contributions to literature despite being
visually impaired​

7.​ Author Banu Mushtaq wins the 2025 International Booker Prize for her novel Heart Lamp (first
Indian writer to achieve this honor)​

8.​ Raja Kumari, Indian-American rapper-singer, got an American Music Award (AMA) in 2025 +
Wins in the new international artist category (first Indian-origin to do so)​

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9.​ Spiritual leader Sadhguru (Jaggi Vasudev) honored as “Global Indian of the Year” by the Canada
India Foundation (CIF) + Recognized for his efforts in raising human consciousness and
spearheading environmental initiatives like Rally for Rivers

Rankings & Reports

1.​ India’s Fertility Rate – SRS 2021 → The Sample Registration System report shows Total Fertility
Rate (TFR) at 2.0 (in 2021, unchanged from 2020) + Bihar highest at 3.0; Delhi & West Bengal
lowest at 1.4 + Most populous states now at or below replacement level (2.1) + Average female
marriage age increased to 22.5 years (from 19.3 in 1990)​

2.​ Forbes W-Power 2025 → Forbes India’s W-Power list 2025 celebrates leading Indian women
achievers + Features Gita Gopinath (IMF First Deputy MD) and Leena Nair (Global CEO of
Chanel) for leadership in economics and business + Honors sports icons like Smriti Mandhana,
PV Sindhu, Manu Bhaker and creative leaders like filmmaker Payal Kapadia + Also includes
women in health (Dr. Pratima Murthy of NIMHANS) and business (Shefali Goradia of Deloitte,
Vishakha Mulye of Aditya Birla Capital)​

3.​ India Justice Report 2025 → Assesses states on police, judiciary, prisons, legal aid capacity (using
government data) + Karnataka ranks 1st (retains top spot), Andhra Pradesh 2nd (up from 5th);
Telangana 3rd, Kerala 4th + Uttar Pradesh remains near bottom at 17th (improving one rank),
West Bengal last at 18th (down one) among large states + Highlights gaps in justice delivery,
workforce and budgets​

4.​ World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index 2024 → India ranked 79th out of 142 countries
(notably low in Civil Justice (111th) and Criminal Justice (89th) domains due to delays, access
issues, and corruption)​

5.​ Human Development Index 2025 → India rises to 130th out of 193 countries on UNDP’s HDI
(value 0.685) + Up from rank 133 (HDI 0.677) in 2022, inching closer to “High Human
Development” category (threshold 0.700) + Iceland tops the HDI (0.972) followed by Norway;
the 2025 report theme is “A matter of choice – People and possibilities in the age of AI”

Summits and Conferences

1.​ Rising North East Investors Summit 2025 → Held in Guwahati and inaugurated by PM Narendra
Modi + Focus on key sectors of the North Eastern region → tourism, textiles, agro-food
processing, energy + Aims to attract investment, boost infrastructure and jobs, and integrate the
Northeast’s development with India’s Act East policy​

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2.​ 9th BRICS Industry Ministers’ Meeting → Convened in Brasília, Brazil, with India actively
participating + India highlighted inclusive industrial growth initiatives like the BRICS Startup
Knowledge Hub, support for MSMEs, and embracing Industry 4.0 technologies + Proposed
cooperative governance based on “Sahyog, Samanjasya, Samagrata, Sarvasammati”
(coordination and consensus) + Meeting noted the induction of six new BRICS members​

3.​ International Tea Day Convention 2025 → Hosted in New Delhi celebrating India’s rich tea
heritage

Appointments and Resignations

1.​ Parameswaran Iyer appointed as India’s interim Executive Director at the IMF + Succeeds K.V.
Subramanian (who was relieved 6 months early) + Iyer, former CEO of NITI Aayog and World
Bank water expert, will represent India’s interests at the IMF Board​

2.​ Prakash Magdum (1999 batch IIS officer) takes charge as Managing Director of National Film
Development Corporation (NFDC) + Previously headed the National Film Archive of India (NFAI)
and served at FTII and the Defence Ministry​

3.​ Ajay Kumar (ex-Defence Secretary, Kerala cadre IAS) appointed Chairman of UPSC by President
Droupadi Murmu + Known for spearheading defence procurement reforms and Digital India
initiatives during his tenure​

4.​ Former CJI D.Y. Chandrachud joins National Law University, Delhi as a Distinguished Professor​

5.​ Anurag Bhushan appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Sweden + Seasoned diplomat
(Indian Foreign Service 1995) with prior postings in UAE and Maldives​

6.​ Dr. Samir V. Kamat, Chairman of DRDO, receives a one-year extension (now serving till May
2026) + This is his second extension, approved under special provisions “in public interest”

Exercises and Operations

1.​ Operation Hawk 2025 → CBI-led international operation against online child sexual exploitation
networks + targeted offenders on platforms like Discord and Arisu.​

2.​ Exercise Raahat 2025 → joint disaster relief drill by Indian Army & NDRF in Assam + live flood
rescue simulations.​

3.​ Operation Olivia (Turtle Protection) → Indian Coast Guard’s annual mission (Nov–May) +
safeguarded ~6.98 lakh Olive Ridley turtles during mass nesting at Rushikulya, Odisha (Feb
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2025) + involved coastal community participation, NGO support, and mandatory use of Turtle
Excluder Devices (TEDs) for fishing.​

4.​ Operation Sindoor → precision strikes by Indian forces on terrorist camps in Pakistan & PoJK +
conducted after the Pahalgam terror attack.​

5.​ Exercise Nomadic Elephant 2025 → 17th India-Mongolia joint military exercise Nomadic
Elephant kicked off in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (May 31 – June 13, 2025).​

6.​ Operation Abhyas (Civil Defence Drill) → A nationwide civil defence mock drill “Operation
Abhyas” was conducted on 7 May 2025 under MHA guidance + Aimed to test emergency
preparedness and instill public confidence in disaster-response mechanisms​

7.​ Golden Dragon 2025 → China and Cambodia conducted Golden Dragon-2025 joint military
exercise in Cambodia​

8.​ Quad Disaster Relief Exercise → Quad nations (India, US, Japan, Australia) held a tabletop
exercise in Honolulu to initiate an Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN) + Aimed at improving
shared logistics and supply-chain coordination for disaster relief in the Indo-Pacific​

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