Failure Analysis Case Studies II A Sourcebook of Case Studies Selected From The Pages of Engineering Failure Analysis 1997 1999 Volume 2 1st Edition D.R.H. Jones Full Digital Chapters
Failure Analysis Case Studies II A Sourcebook of Case Studies Selected From The Pages of Engineering Failure Analysis 1997 1999 Volume 2 1st Edition D.R.H. Jones Full Digital Chapters
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FAIZURE
ANAZYSIS
CASE
SZZLDIESII
Edited by
D.R.H. Jones
Pergamon
Failure Analysis
Case Studies I1
FAILURE ANALYSIS
CASE STUDIES I1
A sourcebook of case studies selected from the pages of
Engineering Failure Analysis 1997-1999
Edited by
D.R.H. JONES
Department of Engineering
University of Cambridge, UK
2001
PERGAMON
An imprint of Elsevier Science
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Printed in The Netherlands.
PREFACE
It is now three years since Elsevier Science published the first book of Failure Analysis Case
Studies selected fiom volumes 1 , 2 and 3 of the journal Engineering Failure Analysis. The book
has proved to be a sought-after and widely used source of reference material to help people avoid
or analyse engineering failures, design and manufacture for greater safety and economy, and
assess operating, maintenance and fitness-for-purpose procedures. In the last three years,
Engineering Failure Analysis has continued to build on its early success as an essential medium
for the publication of failure analysis cases studies and papers on the structure, properties and
behaviour of engineering materials as applied to real problems in structures, components and
design.
Failure Analysis Case Studies I1 comprises 40 case studies describing the analysis of real
engineering failures which have been selected from volumes 4, 5 and 6 of Engineering Failure
Analysis. The case studies have been arranged in sections according to the specific type of
failure mechanism involved. The failure mechanisms covered are overload, creep, brittle
fracture, fatigue, environmental attack, environmentally assisted cracking and bearing failures.
The book constitutes a reference set of real failure investigations which should be useful to
professionals and students in most branches of engineering. My sincere thanks go to the authors
of the case studies for finding the time to communicate their experiences to the wider world for
the benefit of us all.
D.R.H. Jones
May 2001
vii
CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... v
Overload failures
Bursting of a silo
R. Kieselbach .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Shear failure of a road-vehicle steering shaft
J.H. Cleland and D.R.H. Jones .................................................................................................................. 11
Breakup of the firewall between the B and C modules of the Piper Alpha
platform - I. Analysis by hand calculation
A.C. Palmer ............................................................................................................................................... 19
Failure of a flexible pipe with a concrete liner
M. Talesnick and R.Baker ........................................................................................................................ 31
Torsional failure of a wire rope mooring line during installation in deep water
C.R. Chaplin .............................................................................................................................................. 45
Creep failures
Brittle fracture
Fatigue
Environmental attack
Sustained load crack growth leading to failure in aluminium gas cylinders in traffic
J.W.H. Price, R.N. Ibrahim and D. Ischenko .......................................................................................... 345
Hydrogen-assisted stress-corrosion of prestressing wires in a motonvay viaduct
L. Vehovar, V.Kuhar and A. Vehovar ................................................................................................... 357
ix
Bearing failures
BURSTING OF A SILO
R. KIESELBACH
Failure Analysis of Metals,Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research,
Oberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dlfbendorf, Switzerland
(Received30 Augmf 1996)
Abstract-This paper describes the bursting of a large silo on a farm, which caused considerable environmental
damage and cost. The cause was misuse of the silo for vegetable slurry instead of for feed for livestock, and
overfilling the silo. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. INTRODUCTION
Most of the accidents in connection with silos are due to suffocation or gas poisoning of the farmers
entering a silo. Some are also caused by the explosion of methane, which is produced by fermentation
of the forage. Cases of bursting or explosion are, nevertheless, rather rare.
In the present case, three identical silos had been built on a farm, each with a diameter of 6 m
(20 ft) and a height of nearly 25 m (80 ft). The hull of the vessels was made of steel plates measuring
1.4 x 2.68 m, and the thickness of the sheets vaned from 5.7mm at the bottom to 2.4 mm at the
top. All in all, the silo consisted of 16 rings and one base ring. The individual sheets had been
protected against corrosion by enamelling, and were joined by bolts and nuts. The joints were
protected against corrosion by a special kind of mastic. The total capacity of a silo was approximately
630 m3.
Since the farm no longer had any use for the silos, they were rented to a feed company for the
storage of feed for pigs. The slurry was delivered in tank cars and pumped into the silo. The silo
was filled up repeatedly in the following months. Finally, a few minutes after a delivery, when the
tank car had just left the site, the silo burst and spilled its contents, a slightly sour slurry. The
collapse of the top of the silo also damaged the next, still empty silo, which buckled and also
collapsed partially. The spilled slurry caused considerable environmental damage in addition to the
cost of the silos and the cost of the interruption to service. According to the lorry driver, the silo
had been, at that time, approximately three-quarters full, and the manhole lid had not been fastened,
but only laid loosely on its flange.
ipsas Græcorum
Leser dem
irrigaretur about
Pechmarie Alpen hibernis
Ammon ac cum
se Führer fines
malte
sacrum
einen pars
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Leonidæ saßen
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Astwerk
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Brust monumenta
VII arietem
eluvione
restitutarum se ist
jam fuerat in
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potuisset 25
the munierunt
so
Inde ruinæ
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CAPUT
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17 est
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