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 International Standard
Bibliographic Description
(ISBD)

K. G. Saur
About the pagination of this eBook

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IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control Vol 31
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
Fédération Internationale des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques
Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen
Международная Федерация Библиотечных Ассоциаций и Учреждений
Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotecas

About IFLA
www.ifla.org

IFLA (The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) is the lead-
ing international body representing the interests of library and information services and
their users. It is the global voice of the library and information profession.

IFLA provides information specialists throughout the world with a forum for exchanging
ideas and promoting international cooperation, research, and development in all fields
of library activity and information service. IFLA is one of the means through which libra-
ries, information centres, and information professionals worldwide can formulate their
goals, exert their influence as a group, protect their interests, and find solutions to glo-
bal problems.

IFLA’s aims, objectives, and professional programme can only be fulfilled with the co-
operation and active involvement of its members and affiliates. Currently, over 1,700
associations, institutions and individuals, from widely divergent cultural backgrounds,
are working together to further the goals of the Federation and to promote librarianship
on a global level. Through its formal membership, IFLA directly or indirectly represents
some 500,000 library and information professionals worldwide.

IFLA pursues its aims through a variety of channels, including the publication of a major
journal, as well as guidelines, reports and monographs on a wide range of topics. IFLA
organizes workshops and seminars around the world to enhance professional practice
and increase awareness of the growing importance of libraries in the digital age. All this
is done in collaboration with a number of other non-governmental organizations, fun-
ding bodies and international agencies such as UNESCO and WIPO. IFLANET, the
Federation’s website, is a prime source of information about IFLA, its policies and acti-
vities: www.ifla.org

Library and information professionals gather annually at the IFLA World Library and
Information Congress, held in August each year in cities around the world.

IFLA was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1927 at an international conference of

national library directors. IFLA was registered in the Netherlands in 1971. The Konink-
lijke Bibliotheek (Royal Library), the national library of the Netherlands, in The Hague,
generously provides the facilities for our headquarters. Regional offices are located in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Dakar, Senegal; and Singapore.
IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control Vol 31

International Standard Bibliographic

Description (ISBD)
Preliminary Consolidated Edition

Recommended by the ISBD Review Group

Approved by the Standing Committee of the

IFLA Cataloguing Section

K · G · Saur München 2007

IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control
edited by Sjoerd Koopman
The “IFLA Series on Bibliographic Control” continues
the former “UBCIM Publications – New Series”.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;
detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.

U
Printed on acid-free paper / Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier
© 2007 by International Federation of Library Associations
and Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands
Alle Rechte vorbehalten / All Rights Strictly Reserved
K. G. Saur Verlag, München
An Imprint of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission
from the publisher.
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany by Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach

ISBN 978-3-598-24280-9
ISBD 2007

CONTENTS

Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. iii

Preliminary notes ................................................................................................................................. 0-1

Scope, purpose and use..........................................................................................................0-1

Treatment of resources............................................................................................................0-2
Outline of the ISBD and Punctuation .....................................................................................0-10
Sources of Information...........................................................................................................0-15
Language and script of the description ..................................................................................0-20
Abridgements and abbreviations ...........................................................................................0-21
Capitalization .........................................................................................................................0-22
Examples...............................................................................................................................0-23
Misprints ...............................................................................................................................0-23
Symbols, etc. .........................................................................................................................0-25
Imperfections .........................................................................................................................0-25

SPECIFICATION OF ELEMENTS....................................................................................................... 1-1

1 Title and statement of responsibility area .................................................................1-1

2 Edition area ..............................................................................................................2-1
3 Material or type of resource specific area.................................................................3-1
4 Publication, production, distribution, etc., area .........................................................4-1
5 Physical description area..........................................................................................5-1
6 Series area ...............................................................................................................6-1
7 Note area..................................................................................................................7-1
8 Resource identifier and terms of availability area .....................................................8-1
APPENDICES
A: Multilevel description ............................................................................................... A-1
B: Bi-directional records............................................................................................... B-1
C: Recommended General material designations and Specific material designations. C-1
D Abbreviations........................................................................................................... D-1
E: Glossary .................................................................................................................. E-1

Index .................................................................................................................................. Index-1

v
 ISBD 2007

Members of the Study Group on Future Directions of the ISBDs (as of November 2006)
Françoise Bourdon Bibliothèque nationale de France
Elena Escolano Rodríguez Biblioteca Nacional, Spain
Renate Gömpel Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Germany
Lynne C. Howarth University of Toronto, Canada
Agnès Manneheut (from August 2005) Agence bibliographique de l’Enseignement supérieur,
France
Dorothy McGarry (Chair) University of California, Los Angeles, USA (retired)
Eeva Murtomaa National Library of Finland
Mirna Willer National and University Library, Zagreb, Croatia
John Hostage (Consultant, from August 2006) Harvard Law School, USA

Members of the ISBD Review Group (as of May 2006)

Françoise Bourdon Bibliothèque nationale de France
John D. Byrum, Jr. (Chair through March Library of Congress, USA (retired)
2006; corresponding member from
April 2006)
Elena Escolano Rodríguez (Chair from April Biblioteca Nacional, Spain
2006)
William Garrison Syracuse University, USA
Renate Gömpel Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Germany
Mauro Guerrini Università di Firenze, Italy
Ton Heijligers (Corresponding member) Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Lynne C. Howarth University of Toronto, Canada
Philippe-Corentin Le Pape SICD des universités de Toulouse, France
Cristina Magliano ICCU-Rome, Italy
Dorothy McGarry University of California, Los Angeles, USA (retired)
Eeva Murtomaa National Library of Finland
Glenn Patton OCLC Online Computer Library Center, USA

vi
ISBD 2007

Introduction
The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) is intended to serve as a principal standard to
promote universal bibliographic control, to make universally and promptly available, in a form that is
internationally acceptable, basic bibliographic data for all published resources in all countries. The
ISBD’s main goal is, and has been since the very beginning, to offer consistency when sharing
bibliographic information.
The ISBD is the standard that determines the data elements to be recorded or transcribed in a specific
sequence as the basis of the description of the resource being catalogued. In addition, it employs
prescribed punctuation as a means of recognizing and displaying these data elements and making them
understandable independently of the language of the description.
Currently, a new Statement of International Cataloguing Principles is being developed by means of a series
of regional IFLA Meetings of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, in order that the principles
are approved all around the world. In these principles, which replace and broaden the Paris Principles of
1961, the fourth section is devoted to bibliographic description where it is recognized that “The
descriptive portion of the bibliographic record should be based on an internationally agreed standard.” 1
According to this, ISBD is recognized to be the standard for the library community, as the statement of
principles is intended not only for libraries but for archives, museums, and other communities.
Although the development of this standard was originally pushed by the automation of bibliographic
control as well as the economic necessity of sharing cataloguing, the ISBD is useful and applicable for
bibliographic descriptions of all kind of bibliographic resources in any kind of catalogue, whether OPACs
(Online Public Access Catalogues) or catalogues less technologically advanced. Those agencies using
national and multinational cataloguing codes could apply this internationally agreed-upon standard
conveniently in their catalogues.
The ISBD Review Group is trying to solve some of the problems that today’s cataloguers face. The
present ISBD is intended to serve as a standard for description of all types of published materials up to the
present date, and to make it easier to describe resources that share characteristics of more than one format.
In addition, it will facilitate the work of keeping the ISBD updated and consistent for the future.
Having these goals in mind, in 2003 the ISBD Review Group decided to set up a Study Group on Future
Directions of the ISBDs. This Study Group decided that consolidation of all ISBDs was feasible. The
Study Group on Future Directions of the ISBDs was charged by the Review Group with the task of
preparing a definitive text, resulting in this document. Its work has been guided by the following
Objectives and Principles.

Objectives:

• To prepare a consolidated, updated ISBD from the specialized ISBDs in order to meet the needs of
cataloguers and other users of bibliographic information.

1
IFLA cataloguing principles : steps towards an international cataloguing code : report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts
on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. – München : Saur, 2004.
IFLA cataloguing principles : steps towards an international cataloguing code, 2 : report from the 2nd IFLA Meeting of Experts
on an International Cataloguing Code, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004. – München : Saur, 2005.
IFLA cataloguing principles: steps towards an international cataloguing code, 3 : report from the 3rd IFLA Meeting of Experts on
an International Cataloguing Code, Cairo, Egypt, 2005. – München : Saur, 2006.
Also available at: http://www.d-nb.de/standardisierung/afs/imeicc_index.htm; http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/imeicc2/;
http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/ and http://www.nl.go.kr/icc/icc/information.php

vii
 ISBD 2007

• To provide consistent stipulations for description of all types of resources, to the extent that
uniformity is possible, and specific stipulations for specific types of resources as required to
describe those resources.

Principles:

• The primary purpose of the ISBD is to provide the stipulations for compatible descriptive
cataloguing worldwide in order to aid the international exchange of bibliographic records between
national bibliographic agencies and throughout the international library and information
community (e.g. including producers and publishers).
• Different levels of description will be accommodated, including those needed by national
bibliographic agencies, national bibliographies, universities and other research collections.
• The descriptive elements needed to identify and select a resource must be specified.
• The set of elements of information rather than the display or use of those elements in a specific
automated system will provide the focus.
• Cost effective practices must be considered in developing the stipulations.
The resulting text has been established by means of collocating related provisions from each ISBD in a
new structure, merging the published versions of texts for different types of materials as the basis on
which to work, updating the result with the revised versions of ISBD reached in the last few years, and
generalizing wording. The organization of provisions in the present text is by giving first the general
stipulations that apply to all types of resources, then the specific stipulations that add information required
for that specific type of resource or is an exception to a general rule.
In general, the ISBD is applied to describe manifestations, by means of description of the item in hand as
an exemplar of the entire manifestation, using Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
(FRBR) terminology. With it the ISBD applies the Statement of International Cataloguing Principles that
establishes “Bibliographic records should typically reflect manifestations”. 2
In accordance with the fourth principle of the ISBD and endeavouring to improve interoperability between
bibliographic retrieval systems and display formats, the prescribed punctuation has been slightly changed.
For example, punctuation may be repeated where an area ends with a point and the following area begins
with a point. Also, if different elements in the same area are supplied, each is enclosed in its own set of
square brackets. This will give consistency in other displays that differ from the ISBD display.
In the present edition the treatment of general material designations continues as it was in the previous
specialized ISBDs, although this element is going to be changed in structure and location. Attempting to
provide improved guidance regarding the use of the ISBDs for bibliographic description of resources in
multiple formats, and recognizing the increasing incidence of resources published in more than one
physical medium and the challenges that these resources pose for bibliographic control, the Review Group
appointed a task force charged to investigate the GMD. The Material Designations Study Group agreed on
the importance and primacy of the GMD as an “early warning device” for catalogue users. The group
proposed the creation of a separate, unique, high level component for recording in bibliographic records.
As its work is not yet ready in its complete form, and in order not to delay further the publication of this
ISBD, given that many people are depending on it, the Review Group decided the ISBD will be updated
after the Material Designations Study Group finishes its work.
In the ISBD, national bibliographic agencies are called upon to “prepare the definitive description
containing all the mandatory elements set out in the ISBD insofar as the information is applicable to the

2
Ibid.

viii
ISBD 2007

resource being described” (see 0.1.3). This practice is also recommended for application by libraries that
share bibliographic data with each other. Inclusion of a data element is considered “mandatory” in all
cases for certain elements, and in other cases is considered “mandatory” when necessary for identification
of the resource being described or otherwise considered important to users of a bibliography or a
catalogue. In the latter cases, the inclusion or exclusion of an element has been made dependent on a
specific condition that is given in the stipulations comprising the ISBD. To facilitate the application of the
practices stipulated, the ISBD designates particular data elements as optional, i.e. a cataloguing agency is
free to choose to include or exclude these elements. In the ISBD, a review of the Outline (provided at
paragraph 0.3) indicates which data elements are mandatory, conditional or optional.
This ISBD reflects the effort to bring description of all materials to the same state of conformity with
FRBR. This aspect has entailed a close examination of the ISBD data elements to make optional those
that are also optional in FRBR. In no case is a data element mandatory in FRBR but optional in the ISBD.

ISBD and FRBR relationship

The ISBD Review Group considered that it was essential for IFLA to clarify the relationship between the
ISBDs and the FRBR model. In trying to achieve the adaptation of ISBD terminology to FRBR’s terms of
“work”, “expression”, “manifestation” and “item” that should be introduced in place of terms such as
“publication”, the group encountered difficulties, owing in large part to the fact that the terms used in
FRBR were defined in the context of an entity-relationship model conceived at a higher level of
abstraction than the specifications for the ISBDs. Taking into consideration advice from the Frankfurt
IFLA Meeting of Experts on a International Cataloguing Code (IME-ICC), it was said “FRBR terminology
should not be merely incorporated such as it stands into the ISBDs and cataloguing rules, but these should
keep their own specific terminology, and provide accurate definitions showing how each term in this
specific terminology is conceptually related to the FRBR terminology” 3. The Review Group agreed with
the advice from the IME-ICC and decided, in 2003, to avoid using FRBR terminology in the ISBD.
Nevertheless, the ISBD Review Group did decide to introduce some changes in terminology. Among
them is the use of the term “resource” rather than “item” or “publication”. This decision was taken in
order to avoid confusion because the use of the term “item” in the former ISBDs is different from the term
“item” as used in FRBR.
The Review Group believed that development of a table to detail the relationship of each of the elements
specified in the ISBDs to its corresponding entity-attribute or relationship as defined in the FRBR model
would satisfy the need to make clear that the ISBDs and FRBR themselves enjoy a harmonious
relationship. The document that develops the mapping, entitled “Mapping ISBD Elements to FRBR Entity
Attributes and Relationships” was approved by the Cataloguing Section’s Standing Committee on July 9,
2004. 4
The ISBD Review Group wants to acknowledge all previous revision work and publications of the ISBDs,
as this new version has the intention of respecting as much as possible the different stipulations coming
from the specific ISBDs, in order to adhere to the second objective. Following is a brief summary in
recognition of this previous work. 5

Patrick Le Boeuf, "Brave new FRBR world". In IFLA cataloguing principles : steps towards an international cataloguing
3

code : report from the 1st IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code, Frankfurt, 2003. Available at
http://www.d-nb.de/standardisierung/pdf/papers_leboeuf.pdf
4
This mapping is based on the ISBDs published at that time. Available at
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/ISBD-FRBR-mappingFinal.pdf
5
For a more detailed introduction to the ISBDs, see: John Byrum, “The birth and re-birth of the ISBDs: process and procedures
for creating and revising the International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions”, 66th IFLA Council and General Conference,
Jerusalem, Israel, 2000. Available at http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla66/papers/118-164e.htm

ix
 ISBD 2007

History
The International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions date back to 1969, when the IFLA Committee on
Cataloguing sponsored an International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts. This meeting produced a
resolution that proposed the creation of standards to regularize the form and content of bibliographic
descriptions. As a result, the Committee on Cataloguing put into motion work that ultimately would
provide the means for a considerable increase in the sharing and exchange of bibliographic data. This
work resulted in the concept of the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD).
The first of the ISBDs was the International Standard Bibliographic Description for Monographic
Publications (ISBD(M)), which appeared in 1971. By 1973, this text had been adopted by a number of
national bibliographies and, with translations of the original English text into several other languages, 6 had
been taken into account by a number of cataloguing committees in redrafting national and multinational
rules for description. Comments from users of the ISBD(M) led to the decision to produce a revised text
that was published in 1974 as the “First standard edition”. The International Standard Bibliographic
Description for Serials (ISBD(S)) was also published in 1974.
In 1975, the Joint Steering Committee for Revision of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules proposed to
the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing that a general international standard bibliographic description
suitable for all types of library materials should be developed. The ISBD(G), published in 1977, was the
result. The ISBD(M) was then revised to bring it into line with the ISBD(G), and the “First standard
edition revised” was published in 1978.
Other ISBDs subsequently appeared for specific types of materials: ISBD(CM) for cartographic materials,
ISBD(NBM) for nonbook materials, and a revised ISBD(S) for serials, were published in 1977; ISBD(A)
for older monographic publications (antiquarian) and ISBD(PM) for printed music were published in
1980.

Revision 1980-2000
At the IFLA World Congress in Brussels, held in August 1977, the Standing Committee of the IFLA
Section on Cataloguing made important new decisions in relation to IFLA’s programme of ISBDs. It was
decided that all ISBD texts would be fixed to a life of five years, after which revision would be considered
for all texts or for particular texts. As a result, the Standing Committee formed an ISBD Review
Committee; it first met in 1981 to make plans for reviewing and revising the ISBDs.
The ISBDs were republished as follows: ISBD(M), ISBD(CM) and ISBD(NBM) in 1987, ISBD(S) in
1988, ISBD(CF) for computer files was published in 1990, ISBD(A) and ISBD(PM) in 1991, and
ISBD(G) in 1992. By the end of the 1980s, the first general review project had been completed.
Thereafter, ISBD(CF) became ISBD(ER) for electronic resources, published in 1997.
In the early 1990s, the IFLA Section on Cataloguing with the cooperation of the Section on Classification
and Indexing set up a Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR).
One immediate consequence of this development was the decision to suspend most revision work on the
ISBDs while the FRBR Study Group pursued its charge to “recommend a basic level of functionality and
basic data requirements for records created by national bibliographic agencies”. In 1998, the FRBR Study
Group published its Final Report after its recommendations were approved by the IFLA Section on

6
For a complete list of the ISBDs in English: http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdlist.htm; and a list of the authorized
translations, see http://www.ifla.org/VI/3/nd1/isbdtran.htm.

x
ISBD 2007

Cataloguing's Standing Committee 7. At that time the ISBD Review Group was reconstituted to resume its
traditional work. As expected, the IFLA Section on Cataloguing's Standing Committee asked the ISBD
Review Group to initiate a full-scale review of the ISBDs. The objective of this “second general review
project” was to ensure conformity between the provisions of the ISBDs and FRBR's data requirements for
the “basic level national bibliographic record”.

Revision 2000-2006
To date, in this general revision project, ISBD(S) was revised to ISBD(CR) for serials and other
continuing resources, and was published in 2002 following meetings to harmonize the ISBD(S) with the
ISSN guidelines and with the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition. A revised ISBD(M) was
also published in 2002, and a revised ISBD(G) in 2004. ISBD(CM) and ISBD(ER) underwent the world-
wide review process and were revised following that process, but were not finished at that time because
work was begun on a consolidated ISBD. This resulted from a decision by the Review Group at the Berlin
IFLA Conference in 2003 to form the Study Group on Future Directions of the ISBDs.
All these last revisions have been taken into account in the current edition of ISBD, in addition to the
recently revised ISBD(A) resulting from the world-wide review process carried on in 2006.
Despite the changes introduced by the revision projects summarized above, the essential structure and data
components of the ISBD have proved relatively stable over the years and continue to be widely used in
full or part by creators of cataloguing codes and metadata schemas. However, given the changing nature
of resources and recent technological developments that have impacted bibliographic access, the Review
Group will maintain the consolidated edition of the ISBD, which will supersede the individual ISBDs,
taking into consideration changes to national and multinational cataloguing codes.
This text will not solve all the problems that are present in today’s cataloguing processes. Conscious that
more consistency and uniformity can be reached, the Review Group foresees a new revision in two years'
time to work toward this goal, and also to solve many of the problems that remain and consider other
suggestions coming from all of the IME-ICCs.
Grateful acknowledgement is made to all the Study Groups involved in the review of specific ISBDs, and
to the previous chair of the ISBD Review Group, John D. Byrum, who carried out the majority of revision
projects. Special thanks are due to Dorothy McGarry, chair of the Study Group on Future Directions of the
ISBDs, for the editorial oversight she contributed in the production of the successive drafts and final
version of this document.

Madrid, Spain Elena Escolano Rodríguez, Chair

February 2007 ISBD Review Group

7
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records : Final Report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records, International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. – München : K. G. Saur, 1998. Also
available at http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

xi
ISBD 2007 0.1.2

0 PRELI MINARY NOTES

0.1 Scope, purpose and use

0.1.1 Scope
The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) specifies the requirements for the
description and identification of the most common types of published resources that are likely to appear in
library collections. The ISBD also assigns an order to the elements of the description and specifies a
system of punctuation for the description.
The provisions of the ISBD relate first to bibliographic records produced by national bibliographic
agencies and second to bibliographic records produced by other cataloguing agencies.
The types of resources covered by the ISBD include the following:
Printed texts
Cartographic resources
Electronic resources
Moving images
Multimedia resources
Notated music resources
Sound recordings
Still images (e.g. engravings, photographs)
It is anticipated that national or international committees responsible for preparing codes of cataloguing
rules will use the ISBD as the basis for their rules on description of library materials, to describe all
aspects of the resource, including its content, its carrier and its mode of issuance.
The ISBD is also concerned with resources for use by the visually impaired (e.g. in eye-readable form or
in embossed form), and includes those published for limited distribution or for sale on demand.
For definitions, see the Glossary.

0.1.2 Purpose
The primary purpose of the ISBD is to provide the stipulations for compatible descriptive cataloguing
worldwide in order to aid the international exchange of bibliographic records between national
bibliographic agencies and throughout the international library and information community.
By specifying the elements that comprise a bibliographic description and by prescribing the order in which
those elements should be presented, and secondarily the punctuation by which they should be separated,
the ISBD aims to:
- make records from different sources interchangeable, so that records produced in one country can
be easily accepted in library catalogues or other bibliographic lists in any other country;
- assist in the interpretation of records across language barriers, so that records produced for users
of one language can be interpreted by users of other languages;
- assist in the conversion of bibliographic records to electronic form;
- enhance interoperability with other content standards.

0-1
0 ISBD 2007

0.1.3 Use
The ISBD provides stipulations to cover the maximum amount of descriptive information that may be
required in a range of different bibliographic activities. It therefore includes elements that are essential to
one or more of those activities, but not necessarily to all.
Elements of the ISBD are designated as mandatory, conditional, or optional.
• Mandatory: the element is required in all situations if applicable; this is indicated in the text by
“is given” or “are given”.
• Conditional: the element is required under certain conditions, such as “when necessary for
identification or otherwise considered important to users of the catalogue”. If the condition is not
met, use of the element is optional.
• Optional: the element may be included or omitted at the discretion of the agency; this is indicated
in the text by “optional” or “may”.
National bibliographic agencies are called on to accept responsibility of creating the definitive record for
each resource issued in that country. It is therefore recommended that descriptions prepared by them
contain all the mandatory elements set out in the ISBD insofar as the information is applicable to the
resource being described. It is recommended that this practice be followed also by libraries that share
bibliographic data with each other.
Other cataloguing agencies have a wider choice as they are not providing the definitive record for
international exchange. They can select ISBD elements, mandatory, conditional or optional, for inclusion
in their own records, provided that the elements selected are given in the prescribed order and transcribed
with the prescribed punctuation.
The responsibility for creating bibliographic descriptions may extend beyond libraries, for example, to
cultural institutions, publishers, independent scholars and various online communities.
The ISBD description forms a part of a complete bibliographic record and is not normally used by itself.
The other elements that make up a complete bibliographic record, such as headings and subject
information, are not included in the ISBD stipulations. The rules for such elements are normally given in
cataloguing codes and other standards.
References from variations of the title proper or other references that may be called for in a national
cataloguing code do not form a part of the bibliographic description and are not provided in the ISBD.
They may be indispensable, however, in catalogues and bibliographies.
Informational elements relating to a particular collection (location of material, recording of holdings, etc.)
are not provided by the ISBD; they are local elements that can be added to the general description.
To describe a resource that exhibits characteristics of different types of materials (e.g. an electronic
continuing resource, a digital map that is serially issued), a cataloguer should combine stipulations for the
different types of materials that are necessary to describe all aspects of the resource, including its content,
its carrier and its mode of issuance.

0.2 Treatment of resources

0.2.1 Specific types of resources

For older monographic resources:

The ISBD is concerned with the description of complete copies of library materials, and
makes no provision for situations where no conclusive evidence as to the intended extent

0-2
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