Essential Lewis And Clark

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Essential Lewis And Clark

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 30 MAATOQNO> , e ; er > aA bi al , 2 \ 7 . jeev Tis o
BeATLOVS OlOS T VY TrOLELY N TTaVU OALYOL, Ot e ns > 7 a a a
immexot’ ot O€ modAol €av Tep Evy@at Kal xpovTa in, > oe + 3 / \
Tos, OvapOeipovoew ; ovx ovTas Exel, @ Medure, Kat “ ¥ , / / Tepi
immev Kal TOV aAAwV amavTav Cov; TAaVvTos ~ 7 wr \ v an 4 ~
dn mov, eav TE aU Kal Avuros ov pyre eav te pyre \ \ »” > / Sy \ \ /
> ToAAn yap av Tis Eevdatpovia «Ein TEpl TOUS VEoUS, EL \ c b]
RA na Els pev povos auTous OvaPGeiper, ot 6 adAow @edod> \ / S /
€ lal ’ / o¢ aw. adda yap, @ Medrre, ixaves emideikvucat ort > / / on
4 ovderamore ehporticas TOY véewy, Kal cahos amopai\ aA , ao / /
vets THY GAVTOD ameAELAV, OTL OVOEV TOL pEMEANKE > \ ,
TEpl WV EME ELOUYELS. . a et Wize , 9 \ N , Y. 13. Ere de We ei7e,
@ mpos Los Medrre, x TOTEpOV coTW OiKELY GpLeLVOV ev
modirats Xpnarois 7 Trovnpots ; @ ‘Tay demo puva’ ovdeyv yap ToL
Xarerov / Epora. ouX ol pey Trovnpot KAKOV TL epyacovrat TOUS
acl éyyuTaT@ éavTay ovtas, ot O ayabot ayabov TL; "Eay re—ov
ij7e, K. T. X.] Whether you and Anytus deny or admit it. It has been
proposed to read juz) PTE, on the grounds that py is the negative
particle by which «i, av, d¢0a, eee owe should be properly followed;
but ¢¢ or tay Cé ov is not equivalent to «i or éay 6 py. In all
passages in which the former phrase occurs, ov is to be referred to
some following verb with which it is intimately connected in sense
and construction: as ef 0& ob porxévoete, govenoec O&, now if thou
commit no adultery, yet if thou kill, §e. Epist. Jac. ii. 11. ct 82 ror of
doe: C09 ay yedor, but if he will not give, i. e. if he refuse, §e. Hom.
Il. w, 296. So in the text, éav— ob OTE, whether you do not confess,
i.e. whether you deny, &c. Seag. Viger. i a | Ei cic—Crag@eipe.] h.e.
Magna fuerit adolescentium felicitas, si unus tantum eos corrumpat,
quod tu ais.— STALL. Socrates so expressing himself, as if he
founded his conclusion upon his admitting what Melitus had
previously asserted to be true. Cf. c. 27. a med. moXX?} pny av pe
grropuxia éyot— et ovTwc aoy.or oe eigt. c. 17. sub. fin, ef piv oy
Tatra AEywv Cragbeinw rove viouc, TavT dy ein BrAaBepd. Ei with
the indic. and in the apodosis the opt. with dy, viz. when the
condition contains a determinately expressed case, and the apodosis
is uttered with the expression of a mere conjecture, or contains a
consequence which is merely possible or probable, forms one of
various deviations from the general rules affecting the opt. and
conjunc. after conditional particles. See Matthie Gr. s. 524. §. 13. *Q
rav.] Hesych. "Q° ray'— Tpdopnpa TUN TERT C héZewe EyeT AL c&
wat ézi sipwveig Toate. Tim. Gloss. Plat. "Q ’rax @ ovroc. Meeris. "Q
ray, ’Arricéct @ od, ‘EXAnyixée. Hermann, ad Soph. Philoctet. 1373.
makes it a crasis for @ éray, voc. of Erne. Scap. Lex. “ Interdum
usurpatur pro, bone vir, Plat. in Apol. o Tay an bkpwat, pro quo
paulo post dm bx peval w yale. ” Schol. August. "OQ rav— @ ovroe,
@ éraipe, o Tahar, @ pers. TavTa mapa Toic VEwTEpoLE uTo TWY
YUVaKGy Aeyerae povar, mapa oé Toig Tadarotc Kai om avopov.
ToXAaneg 6& kai exi wANPove gaci Td @ Tay, We rapa Kryoupavre.
ot 6& ’ArTiKoi THY TpwTnY cvrAdaGBiY TEPLC 
 AIIOAOTIA SOKPATOYS. 3l / + Cy a / € a la Tavu ye. “Eorw
odv os tis BovAerat vo tov €v/ / ~ » > a > / vovtav BramrecOar
padrAov 7 whedcioPat ; amoxKpt& / / / val, @ yabe’ Kal yap o
vomos Kedever avroxpivec Oa. / / al / eo0 os TLS Bovderau Pramrea
Bau 5 Ov dnra. Pepe i moTEpoV Eme cioayets devpo os
SuapOeipovra: TOUS véous Kal TovnpoTepous TOLOUVTE EKOVTO
1) GKOVTE 5 ‘Exovta eywye. Te Onra, w Menure ; TOG OUTOV ov
eHov coparepos El THALKOUTOU OVTOS TALKoade ov, @OTE GU
pev eyvoxas OTL OL [LEY KAKOL KAKOV TL epyaCovrat ael TOUS
padioTA TANGIOY EavTay, ol O€ ayarE ‘oe me \ \ > an > / a Ooi
ayabov’ eyw Oe On Eis TocovTov apabias nKo, cd wr 12 ~ d 32 x p
@OTE KA TOUT AYVOM, OTL eay TLVa PMoxOnpoY TolnTw r / / 4 lal
5] an tav EvvovTay, Kwodvvevow KaKkov TL AaBElY a aur Od, a ~ \
lat \ \ las @OTE TOVTO TO TODOUTOY KaKOY EKY TOL, os ns GU;
TadTA eyo cor ov TEopal, Menire, oimar O€ ovde adrAov avOpadarav
ovdéva’ aX 7 ov Oraddeipo, x‘ > / yf 4 / > > / n «i OvabGeipm,
akwv, woTE aU ye KaT apmorepa / coe , r , . revoet. de axov
OiadGeipw, Trav TowovTay Kat > / 7 5 a / 7 AaKOVTIOY
apapTnUaT@Y ov OEvpO VOLOS EloayeELY éoTHO, THY O&
O€VTEPaY BaptyoveL. Kai BédXriv: advvaroy yap piay dékv
evpeDivat Ovo Exouvcav TEPLOT WHEY AC. Aivvpoc o& TO mhijpes
sivar gyno w éray, ayvoov Oc ard TOU érae 7) KAQTUN tori éTa Kai
Awpik&c ETay. ‘O vopmog KedevecaroxcpivecGat.| The following are
the terms of the law to which Socrates alludes; Demosth. c. Steph.
orat. ii. p. 1131. Nopoce. roty avTwikow ém@avayKec eival,
aToKplveoOat addANXoLC TO EpwrHpEVoY, wapTupeiy O& py. Forst.
Kai rovnporépove mowvyra.| Ficinus has omitted the translation of
this phrase in his Latin translat. ; it is implied however in
dcapOeipovra preced. FIscH. Tyrukdo0de Wyv.| Melitus was but a
young man at this time, s. 14. sub. fin. kai vedrnre, K. T. A. and
Socrates was more than seventy years old, c. 1. amed. THOE TY
HAKig, and n. in loc. Elie rocovroy apabiac.| The neuters TOUTO,
TOGOUTO, TOE, with a preposition, often take a genitive as a
definition; Thue. 1. 49. Zvvéwecor é¢ rovTo avayKno, they came to
this, with respect to necessity, 1. e. into such necessity ; where in
Latin eo with the genitive is used, eo necessitatis adducti sunt, eo
dementia progressi sunt, §c. Matthie Gr. s. 341. Buttmann. Interm.
Gr. Gr.s. 132. Obs. 4. yew is a remarkable instance of that class of
verbs which appear to have something in them which disturbs the
succession of the tenses; instead of being rendered J come, it is
constantly to be considered as a preterite, J am come,i.e. I am here;
Criton. init. “Aprt ipKeuc y waa. Eurip. Hec. 1. tjew vixpwr, x. TX.
Soin the text, to such a degree of stupidity have I come, as to be
ignorant, §c. Buttmann. s. 137. Obs. 8. Oipat 0é ob0e GMNov—
oddéva.] se. metoecOar gov; a common ellipsis after otwae ¢ kai, to
be supplied by the principal verb from the preceding member of the
sentence. STALL. Nopoc—éoriv.| Népoc, besides its primary
signification of a law, is also affirmed of a custom, habit, oy usage,
founded upon natural principles, in any
 39 ve MAATOQNOS . 7 7 a“ an tiv, GAN ila AaBovra
Sdackew Kai vovberetv’ dy>, 4 / ied M n~ Nov yap ore €av nado,
TAVTOMAL O YE AKOV TOL ov dé Evyyever bat pev 04 Kat bdatau
epuyes Kal OUK iOeAnoas, devpo O€ eiaayets, ot vopos eoTly eloaye
rovs KoAawews Seopevous GAN’ od pabjoews. ro > \ , 7 = > a a \
§. 14. AAAa yap, @ avdpes A@nvaiot, rovTo pev _ yv e » \ BT 4 /
dnAov On €or ov yw €deyor, OTe MeAit@ TovToY »” / ¥ \ / ay ae s a
OUTE MEya OUTE OpLkpov TaToTE EeveAnoev. “Ops \ \ / coa a \ ~
de On A€ye Hutv, was pe ys duafOeipav, & Mércre, \ , * on \ eo \ \ \
aA Tous vewTepous ; 7 OnAov On OTL KaTa THY ypadyny nv ; / \ / \
/ a € / eypawra, Ocovs diOackovTa pn vopiCery ods 177 mors \ / 4
ca vopiCet, erepa O€ Oamovia KOE § ov TavTa Aeyets ore
OvOacKeov diapbetpo ; Havu pev obv apodpa TAU Ta Eyo. II pos
avTOV TOWDy, a) Medure, TOUTOY Tov Ody, OY vo O oyos EoTLY,
Eire ETL TaheaTEpoV rn / / Kai €uol Kal-Tois avdpact TovTodl. €yw
yap ov dvca , / / f vapor paveiv, moTepov eyes SidacKevy pe
vomiCerv ae , ~\ Aw 5 \ cival tTivas Oeovs, kal avrTos apa voui@
eivar Beous \ > 2 5. \ / + >a / > a > Kal OUK €iut TO Tapamay
abeos ovde TaVTH GOLK@, OV of which latter senses it isto be
takenin vewraroc; Matthie Gr. s. 619. the text. For it is evident that
private advice and admonition, and not a formal public accusation,
should be adopted as the most salutary and efficient means of
correcting such errors as arise from inattention and ignorance.
Hence there is no need of requiring, with Rudinger, any particular
law, as expressly alluded to in the text, and bearing especially upon
the subject under discussion. FIscH. Tlatcopat.| Sc.7owy; which
Heindorf conjectures should be supplied. §. 14. OD ’yw.] Steph. Ald.
Bas. 1. 6 éyw. Bas. 2. Norib. Forst. But the reading in the text is
preferable; the Attic writers delighting in such crases: so Aristoph.
Acharn. 503. oui for 6 ézi. Plat. 275. odzwirptmroc. Eurip. Phen.
oupoc. FIiscH. “H éndoy, x. 7. X.] 7 is frequently used in a question,
when, as in the text, a preceding and indefinite question is made
more definite. Plat. Parm. p. 137. 13. ric ovr oot a7oxpwvetvar; 7 ri
“Ori kata THY yeaony.| Intell. éué gyc Crapbeipety TOVC
VEewrTEOVE. Ov ravra déyerc.| Tavra depends upon the part.
didacxcwy following. STALL. “Qy viv 0 Abyoe éoriv.] *Qy depends
here upon Adyoe, and not, as Rudinger and others have supposed,
upon wept, which they require either to be understood or supplied.
It has been already remarked, c. 9. supr., that Aéyery riva is an
equally legitimate construction as Eyer Epi Tivo; whence Adyoe
TVd¢E and Aoyoe Epi Ttvdc may likewise be indifferently used. See
c. 9. a med. Aéyew Toy Lwrparn, extr. Tov Gov datpsiav. Cf. Plat.
Charmid. p. 156. A. ov yap Ti cov OXiyoe AOyoe éoTiv. Demosth. de
Cor. p. 281. ed. R. rove AOyove aUT@Y, i. e. wEepi avr@y. Eurip.
Med. 541. ox dy qv Adyoc oé0er, i. e. zeot cov. Schefer. ad Sophocl.
Antig. v.11. voce dirwy, i. e. TEpt gidwy. STALL.
 ATIOAOTIA ZOKPATOY2. 33 perro. ous TEP YE 1) onus GAN
ETEPOUS Kal TOUT €oTW 0 poe €ykaNels, OTL Erepous" n TavraTacl
He dns ovre avrov vopiCey Oeovs Tous TE adXous TAUTA
OlOUCKELD. Beovs. Taira ré€yw, ws TO Tapamay ov vomiCes "0
Oavpacce Medre, wa Tl TAUTE Aevets 5 ovde nALov ovde WEAHVNY
apa vonive Oeovs eivat, ws Tep ol GAOL avOpomot 5 ; Ma Av 7 @
av6pes OLKACTAL, > \ \ \ érel TOV pev HALoY ALOov gnow ElVat,
77 d€ weAnyyy ynv. “Iva ri ravra Néyetc.| tva ri, why or wherefore, is
an elliptical form, to be supplied as denoting present or past time, by
yéynrac or yévouro. Scheettgen would rather understand yeyover in
iva Tl, and supplies the phrase, Tt yeyoven, iva, e.g. Acts, vii. 26.
“Iva TL G@OLKEL TEAhAHoVE 5 ; which he explains: Ti yéyovey, tva
aducsire adXdHAovc. Cf. Terent. Phorm. iii. 3. “ Quamobrem ut
quidnam facturus,” where ut quidnam is equivalent to tva ru. Liv. iv.
49. “ quid ut a vobis sperent.” Bos. Ellips. Gr.—Oddé ijdtoy ob6E
ceAHYNY. Dacier understands this question as ironical, and would
thence infer that Socrates intended to expose the folly of the
Athenians in regarding the sun and moon as divinities. But the
commentator appears to have forgotten that the sun and moon were
not only the principal objects of religious veneration amongst the
Persians and other barbarous nations, but that they were
worshipped by the Greeks also, by whom they were venerated under
the titles of Apollo and Diana, and who dedicated a common temple
to both in their own proper name. Now, it is well known that
although Socrates was free from many of the grosser superstitions
of his country, and, deeply impressed with a reverential belief in one,
great, first cause, was always inclined to reprobate the absurd
extremes incidental to polytheism, still he was not certainly exempt,
nor could it have been expected, from the errors of a system, which
unaided reason might prevail to modify, but never to destroy. It is
most likely then that he put the question seriously to Melitus; the
more so as he afterwards disavows the theory which should have
’"Avakayopou ole Katnyopely, @ pire Mebeen utterly inconsistent
with the belief that he professed. Ma Av.| Melitus replies in the
negative: Ma A’—ov vopiler Oeoveg ivat, kK. T. X. which is to be
supplied from the question preceding. "Avatayopov.| Anaxagoras,
born at Clazomene in the first year of the seventieth Olympiad, was
a disciple of Anaximenes, the hearer and associate of Anaximander,
who has been generally considered the founder of the Ionic sect,
having been the first to teach philosophy in a public school. At the
age of twenty Anaxagoras. went to reside at Athens, where he
devoted himself with diligence and success to the study of eloquence
and poetry, and where he became conversant with the writings of
Homer, of whose merits as an author and a moralist he entertained
as high an opinion as that recorded by the Roman satyrist ; Horat.
Epist.i. 2. The repute of the school at Miletus attracted him thither,
where he studied the philosophical doctrines of Anaximenes and his
predecessors with considerable zeal and distinction, and after a
residence of some years returned to Athens, where he gave private
lectures in philosophy, and numbered among his pupils Euripides,
Pericles, and as some say, Socrates and Themistocles. His high
character, and his open derision of some of the popular superstitions
drew upon him the envy of his cotemporaries and the enmity of the
Athenian priesthood. He was imprisonedand condemned to death,
but through the influence of Pericles, the penalty was commuted to
fine and banishment. He retired accordingly to Lampsacus, where he
died, aged seventy-two years, and D
 ot MAATQNO® hire’ Kal odT@ Karadpovets Tr@vde Kal
oiler adTovs ameipous ypappareay civat, @oTE OvK Eidێvae OTL
TA ‘Avakayopov BiBAla rod KAaopeviov yeuer TovTwv Tov Aoyev. Kat
6) kal ot véo.Tadra Tap éuov pavOavovow, a e&eoTw EvioTe, Ei
TAVU TOAAOD, Spaxpns €K THs OpXNoTpas Tplapevors VoKparous
KaTayerav, €av whose inhabitants expressed their opinion of his
attainments by the following inscription upon his tomb : Ev@ade
xXsicroy aAnOeiac ézi reppa wepnoac Ovpaviov Kocpod Kceirac
Avataydpac. According to Plutarch, whose testimony is confirmed by
that of Plato and Aristotle, Anaxagoras was the first of the Ionic
philosophers who separated mind from matter, and attributed the
modifications of the latter to the control ofa supreme and pure
intelligence: Nove 6 raxotpey TE Kai TayToY airwe. The particular
branch of his doctrine, alluded to in the text, is mentioned by Diog.
Laertius, ii. 8. 9, who states that Anaxagoras conceived the sun to
be a pucpov c.arvpoy, an ignited mass, of iron, as some take it, or of
stone, as it appears to have been understood by Socrates, who
endeavours, in Xenoph. Mem. iv. 7. 7., to refute the opinion: gackwy
o& Tov HLOY ALBoy CraTTUpOY tivat, Kai TOUTO HyVdEL, OTe
AiBoe pév ty wupi @y ovTe ape, OTE TOAdY xoovov avréxe. etc. Cf.
infr. cai ovrwe aroma ovra. The moon, Anaxagoras judged to be
inhabited like the earth, and divided into hills, vallies, lakes, &c.
Hence the charge of asserting, Tov HAtoy AWov—eivar, THY Ce
cekyvny yijv, which Melitus urged against Socrates, whom he knew
to have been the hearer of Archelaus, the disciple of Anaxagoras, if
not actually the disciple of the latter himself.—B:8Aia—Diog.
Laertius, ii. 11., and Clemens Alexandr. state, that Anaxagoras was
the first who 6u3Xtov eEewre ovyypagonc, librum a se scriptum
edidit: but, according to some, Anaximander was the first who
committed to writing the principles of natural science: others assert
it of Pherecydes, a native of the Isle of Scyrus, the first preceptor of
Pythagoras. See Lucret. i. 831. sqq. Apaypije ix rE 6oxXHeTPac
mpLamévorc.] Dacier understands Socrates as alluding here to the
possibility of purchasing the books of Anaxagoras for a drachma in
the orchestra, where they were exposed, for this price, to sale. But
there is not a shadow of foundation for such a supposition. The
“Opynorpa, it is well known, was a part of the theatre; a level space,
twelve feet beneath the lowest range of seats, partly enclosed by
the sweep of the excavation, and partly extending outwards, right
and left, in a long parallelogram. See the Theatre of the Greeks, cap.
iii. sec. 2, and plan of the theatre of Bacchus. At Athens, both the
tragic and comic writers were in the habit of introducing upon the
stage, through the medium of the chorus, the precepts and
doctrines of the philosophers; Euripides, for instance, was so used to
the practice, especially in the case of his preceptor, Anaxagoras, that
he was called by many 6 cxnviKdc @tAdcogoe. Forster conjectures
that Socrates makes a direct allusion in the text to the speech of
Electra, in Orest. 980. MoXoue ray ovpavod pscov Kai x9ovec
Tetapévav aiwonpact réToav adtcear xpvciaior, Pepopéivay Aivacot,
Badov EE ’OAbprov, “Iv” ev Oonvocw avaBoacw TépovTe zarpi
Tavra\w—where, under the image of the stone impending over
Tantalus, the poet is said to have expressed the dogma of
Anaxagoras, respecting the sun. So the Scholiast in loc.
“Ava&ayopov paAnris yevopevoc 6 Eipividne, pydpoy héyer Tov wv.
otTw yap Co&ale. pvdpoy 6& Kadovot TOY TETUPAKTWpévoy
cidnpoy. zérpoy O& Kat BwXov Kata TavTo éonKkey: and further on,
ei 6 dpa tivec dvaropover mae é GbcEwe TEOLNPTHpEVOC
TEptinow O & HALOe, yiywoKéTwoay OTe Ta HUTLKa Toic pvOtKoic
Karapiyyuo 0 EvpuriCnc. Hence it may be concluded, that,.
 m AIIOAOTIA SOKPATOYY. 35 “ e cal 5 yf . 4 a4
TpooTroinrar EavTov €lvat, AA\AWS TE KAL OVTWS ATOTTA of > at
2D \ / e / al >Q/ ovTa. GAN w Tpos Atos, ovT@GI wot doKM
OvdEVa Vo/ \ 3 > / \ > »W C n picery Oeov ceiver; Ov pévroe pa Ai,
ovd or@atiovy. oy / > 3S 3 / \ A / e > X\ Amistos y el, © Merure,
Kal TOUTE HEVTOL, WS EfLOl doKets, THUTO. e€ol yap Soxet
ovrodt, @ avdpes AGnVaLOL, Tavu €ivae UBpiorns Kal G@koAagTos
Kal areXvos THY ypapny ravTyD upper rive Kal aKorac te Kat
VEOTNTL ypanpac au. €OLKE Yap Os ™ép aiviypa évyreGévre Kat
Sramerpapeve, "Apa yyocerat LoKparns O coos 67 Mov
XaprevTeCopevov Kal evavtt EMT ® AEyovros, 7 eCararnoo avTOV
Kab Tous adhous TOUS GKOVOYTES 5 ovTOs Yep EMol paiveras TO.
evar to. deyew AUTOS GUT@ EV TH ypepn, @s TEp av et Eliot
"Adixer Seoxparns: Jeovs ov vopiCov, adAa Beovs voplCov. Kal TOL
TOUTO EoTL mraiCovros. §. 15. Buveroxeparde b¢, o avOpes, 1
poor PaiveTae TaUTA AEyelY” TV be 7 mp GTOKpLVCL, o Menre. pels
O€, 0 TEP KAT apxas Mas TapHTnTauNY, [LELas the sentiments of
the philosophers were expressed chiefly by the chorus, as supra, in
Orest., and as the orchestra was the situation assigned to the
chorus; ov Kai ot yopoi yoy, Phot. Lex. Ms. from whence it always
took a part in the action of the drama, joining in the dialogue
through the medium of its copvgatoc, or leader, so Socrates intends
to say that he should bring ridicule upon himself, were he to lay
claim to those doctrines as his own, which the payment of a
drachma, at most, for a seat in the theatre, should satisfy the
auditors had originated with another :—Eizavv 7odov, even at most,
or for the highest price ; fully, et avti wavvu zoddXov TIpeyparocg or
apyvptov. Originally no payment was requirad for seats in the
theatre at Athens, but the strife and confusion consequent upon a
gratuitous admission, and the immense crowds which endeavoured
to avail themselves of the privilege, occasioned the passing of a law,
by which the entrance price was fixed at one drachma for each
individual. This regulation, which bore hardly upon the poorer
classes, was repealed by the influence of Pericles, who omitted no
chance of popularity, and a decree brought in, by which the price
was reduced to two oboli; and even these were made payable out of
a public fund.. From the text, however, it would appear that as high
a sum as a drachma was demanded for the best places, while the
ordinary were set at two oboli.— Harpoc. and Suid. Qewpuca. Theat.
Greek. cap. ili. 2. "Eouce—évytilévre cai OuvaTveipwpéviw.|
Expressive of the modesty of the speaker, and used elegantly for
EuytiOno Kai Ovarreiparat ; ; as Cyrop. viii. 8. 7. éotkact ravTa
OWacKopévote, h.e. BAH Rak Fiscu. Pywoerar—é pov xaprevTes, |
See Matthiz Gr. s. 349. Obs. 2.—O copog O1j—sapiens scilicet ille.
STALL. §. 15. “He pot paiverat.] h. e. Quatenus, quomodo mihi
videatur. STALL. Socrates proceeds to prove the inconsistency of
Melitus, who at the same time denied and admitted that he believed
in the gods. D2
 36 MLAATQNOS / U \ a »\ > aa > / / \ vnoGe oi un
OopvBeiv, av Ev T@ ciwOoTL TpoTe@ Tovs , la Aoyous Toma. »” ’ ,
3 / / Eorw os tis avOpwrav, @ Medire, avOporen pev , > 3 > / \
vouicer mpaynar eivar, avOparous d€ ov vopiCers aroxpweobo, @
avdpes, kal be) GAAa Kal ara Copy Retro. ea 6 os Tus ummous pev
ov vomiCer, immKa Oe T pay Ware; 7 avdaras wey ov voices,
avAnriKa be Tpaypara ; OUK COTW, @ apiore avdpov" ei pn ov
BovrAc aroxpivacOa, éyw col A€yw Kal Tois aAXoLS , ’ \ \ eee / > /
yy > of TOUTOLCL. adna TO emt TOUT@ YE aTTOoKpUva. eaO os
Tis Oapovin pev vopiter mpaypar eva, Saipovas de ov vomicer 5 ;
Ovx eorw. Qs ovneas, OTL poyts areKpiyv@® UTO TOUT@VL
avayKaComeEvos. ovKOdY SaLjuLo\ / \ / \ / 7 > 3 via pev ys me Kal
voice Kai didackey, eit odv FO iat i ie > is. ; Kava etre Tadaa’ adr ody
Samorvia ye vouiCo Ka\ \ \ / \ la / a Ta TOV Gov AOyov, Kai TavTAa
Kal OtwMoOTw EV TH aVTI= > \ / / \ . / ypagy. «i de Sapovia
vopic@, kat Saovas 6) mov "Ev 7@ etwOdre Tpd7w.j} In his usual
method of interrogation, and deducing his conclusions from the
replies of his opponent. Kai pn—OopuGeirw.] It is to be supposed
that Melitus, who was fully aware of the object which Socrates had
in view, and equally so of the unerring skill by which it could not fail
to be established, felt but little inclination to entangle himself in his
own concessions, and sought rather by blustering upon extraneous
subjects to divert the attention of the judges, and evade the hold of
his too powerful adversary. ‘Qc wyvncac—avayKalopevoc.| Ut me
juvisti eo quod @gre aliquando respondisti. HEINDORF. Casaubon,
ad Pers. Sat. i. 112, remarks, that éy7oau, as the Latin juvare,
besides being synonymous with BonGeiv, to assist, has also the force
of delectare, to delight, in which latter sense it is to be taken in the
text. So V. Cousin ; que tu m’ obliges de repondre enfin, Se.
Stephens reads &xvnoac, which has been adopted by Ficinus, v. Lat.
Interp., and approved by Fischer, who renders we wevyoac, quam
cunctatus es! quam tergiversatus es ! quam longas nexuisti moras !
—as alluding to the surprise of Socrates in having, at last, contrary
to his expectation, extracted an answer from Melitus. Fischer
understands, further, the succeeding part of the sentence, O7t
pdyrtc amekp. UTO TOUT. avayk., as explanatory of the nature of
this hesitation on the part of Melitus. This, however, is objected to
by the advocates of the present reading, who, in the case of the
proposed emendation, look upon the latter part of the sentence as
an unnecessary repetition. Stallbaum would prefer dc p’ wrnoac.
Awpéow év Ty avrtypagy.] Most of the editions read dvopoow, in
which they are followed by Ficinus, and the Latin translations, and
which has been adhered to by Ruhnken ad Tim. Gloss. Plat. voc.
Awpocia. But the reading in the text scarcely admits of a question ;
for Socrates wished to show that his belief in the tutelary influences
of some presiding genius or divinity had not only been conceded to
him in the course of the verba] admissions of Melitus, but
 AITOAOTIA ZOKPATOY’S. \ 5 4, / ’ \ ee TOAAn avayKn
vopiCery ELE EOTLY. eye. On’ TiOnue yap oe 37 > oe wy OVX
OUTWS EXEL 5 ¢ a > \ > OmoAOYOUVTA, €7TELON OUK 2 / \ \ /
ye he / e / amokpiver. Tovs O€ Oaisovas ovyt nro Beous ye 1youb) “
“ \ 3, / pcOa 7 Oeav raidas; dys 7 08; Tlavu ye. OvkKovv v / c A c \ /
> a / / el TEp Oaipovas nyovpar, ws ov dys, eb pev Dear TivES > € /
ae x» By & oD Vd / rd aR €loly 0: Oalmoves, TOUT ay Ein 0 Eyw
Gynt GE alviT\ / \ > ¢ / / TecOa Kal yaptevTiCerOa, Oeovs ovx
ryoupevoy paean! \ BS ¢ la / > / / / var ene Oeovs avd nyetoOa Tad,
emedn Téep ye Oaie lal ’ > S e / “~ “ / b] provas nyovpa’ ei O ad ob
Oaisoves Pedy Traid€es Eioe / \ x‘ 3 lad xX yay A ie \ voOo Tives H
EK vUULpoOY nH EK TWaV aAAwY, wY ON that it had been
acknowledged in the very terms of the indictment, upon oath, of the
accuser ; cap. 11. supr. Besides the Attic writers use djovpat, not
dp0ow, consequently not Cvopdow. Tim. Plat. Lex. Aw pogia. OOKOL
OL UTO TOV Cucalopevon yevopevor TOU piv OpvivToc, ore waOwy
éyKaXet Tov Oé, Ort ovK ézoinoev. So Suid. Lexicon Rhet. Ms. Aw
pocia bpKog’ éorly, Ov Opyvoy ol povov ayava Sudwovrec 7)
PEVYOVTEC. apporepor yap WPVVoV HéTa TO eively TOY TapovTa
Aoyou" (0 pev) 1} pay an O7} Karn yoonKévat Kat Oikaiwe’ 0 0& 4
pny arn Oi atroXsXoyno8ar Kat diKaine. Opvvoy o& Kai Tply elwEtv,
TOY ad’roy opKoy apgoTEDOL, émrevex Oetonc 70n THC WHoov, él
pay bucaiwc veviknkévar, t&werav éauT@ érapwpevoc, et
LEnrwarnoey. "Av7tyoapn, in the passage above, is equivalent to
dyTwyooia, cap. 3. supr. Suid. Phavorin. v. avrvypapy'—llAaTwy O&
éy TH VwKparove aTodoyia TO aiTo Kasi ayTwpociav, Kai
ayriyoadnyv. Hesych: “Avriypady TO iv low TH) AVYTWpOCiG. Ei dé
Oayoma, «. 7. X.] V. Cousin CEuvres de Plat. tom. i. p. 336: “ Socrate
admettait une révélation surnaturelle qui lui enseignait en toute
occasion ce quwil devait faire et surtout ce quwil devait éviter. Il
croyait sentir en lui quelque chose au-dessus de |’humanité qui
l’éclairait et le dirigeait. Il ne disait pas que ce ftit un @tre positif; il
s’arrétait au fait dont il avait la conscience, et le servait de
l’expression: Ti Oauovioy, non pas un dieu tout-a-fait, mais une
espéce d’intermédiare entre les dieux et les hommes, quelque chose
qui "Epy. k. Hy. 1. 120. sqq. appartient a la nature des démons que
la mythologie paienne place entre le ciel et la terre. L’Orthodoxie du
tems ne reconnaisant pas la précisément ses dieux, avec leur
histoire et leurs noms propres, accuse Socrate de substituer a la
religion établie kava Oaoma, e’est a dire, une religion nouvelle,
fondée sur un mysticisme démoniaque. Soit, repond Socrate a
Melitus, du moins alors ne suisje pas athée. Car enfin tu ne
m’accuses pas d’admettre l’accident sans le sujet, Vadjectif sans le
substantif. Si j’admets Ti Oatpdvoy, quelque chose relatif aux
démons, il faut que tu m/’accordes que j’admets des démons,
daisovac. Or, les démons sont enfans des dieux, ou dieux eux-
memes; donc j’admets des dieux.” N60ot rivic 7) ex vuppway.|
Socrates speaks thus in compliance with the popular belief, that
demons were the offspring of the intercourse between the gods and
nymphs, or some other class of women. [7 é« Tevwy d\Awy.| It was
not his business to attack this error now, though it is certain that
such was not his own opinion, for he had adopted the theory of
Pythagoras, that demons or angels and heroes were descended from
the deity, to whom. they owed their origin, as light owes its own to a
luminous body. In his Timzus, also, speaking of the generation of
angels or demons, he asserts it to be beyond the reach of human
nature. Dacisr. See Hesiod, For the opinions of Aristotle, Democritus,
and Epicurus upon the subject of those inferior intelligences, see
Enfield’s Philosophy, B; 2. ch. 1x. s. T. ch. xiii, and ch. xv.
 38 MAATONOS e ‘\ , 7 * > 4, _ A n Kat A€yovTa, Tis av
avOpwrTav Ocov pev Taidas a S \ \ c \ » »” wyorro civat, Oeous O€
673 Opoleos yap av aroTrov el, ds Ep av €l Ts immo ev maidas
ayotro [a] xai ovey Tous npeavous, immous de Kai ovous pn myotre
eivat. a@d\A, wo Mérrre, ov« Eoriv bTws ov TadTA ovxi > , c a / \ \ ,
x ATOTELPOMEVOS NOY Eypayrw THY ypadny TaUvTHY, 7 , cal 4 >
c > eS \ xa/ co al \ amTopa@v 0 TL €yKaAois Euot adnOes adiknua’
oTas O¢ / / x» \ a / av Twa TeiBos av Kal opuKpoy vody €xovTa
avOpoe > “ > ~ , oa T@V, WS OV TOD avTOv avdpos eat Kail
Sanpovia Kal cod c a > An “~ / / Oeia nyetoOa, Kai ad Tov avTov
pyre Saisovas pyre / , ¢ > / tips Beous pANTE Npwas, ovdepia PIXaV
OTL. ae ‘ n cue a c > §. 16. AdAAa yap, @ avdpes A@nvaiot, ws pev
eyo > ’ a \ \ / , > “~ ovkK adtK@ Kata THY MeXirov ypadny, ov
modARsS pot cas 3 > De \ as Petas \ doxet eivar atoAoyias, aA ikava
kal TavTa’ oO Oe ~ re Sin »¥ 4 is 4 / 3 / Kal €v Tols EuTpoobev
Edeyov, OTL TOAAH pot aTrEX*Qy O& kai Néyorrat.} Eurip. Hipp.
474. “Ec d& ryy Tiyny TECOVT’, bony od, Tc av ixvevoat Coxeic.
Thuc. 1. 28. dinac 70erov Covvat iy TMedozTovvynsw Tapa 7m
6Xeoty, aic dv angoTepoe Eup BGory, for wap’ aic: so in the text,
where the relative wy, referring to Tivwy Gddwy joined with a
preposition, is used without it. Matthie Gr. s. 595. extr. “Hyotro [7]
wai dvwy.] Forster was the first who proposed to remove the particle
7, in which he was followed by Schleiermacher, to whose judgment
Bekker would have gladly deferred, had he not been restrained by
the authority of the MSS., whence he has enclosed it in brackets as
supr. Fischer defends the text as it stands, as mules may have for
their sires either horses or asses. Wolf also justly preserves the 7,
and renders it vel asinorum. Oixc tori O7wce—otyi.| You have by all
means preferred this indictment, &c. Matthiz Gr. s. 482. Obs. 2
“Orwe d& ob twa Teo, x. T. Xr.) h. e. But there is no possibility of
your persuading, by any means, a man with even a moderate share
of sense, that the same individual can believe in the attributes of
demons and divinities, and disbelieve in the existence of demons,
gods, and heroes themselves. Stephens explains the passage: nullo
autem fieri modo potest, ut ullis, qui tantillum sane mentis habeat,
persuadeas, ejusdem esse hominis, et dem. et divina (aliqua esse),
et rursus ejusdem, neque d. n. d. n. h. esse, existimare; and
Stallbaum: non poteris cuiquam persuadere, unius hominis esse, et
credere esse demonium quiddam ac divinum, et rursus credere nec
demonas nec deos esse. §. 16. "AN\Aa yao & dvdpec—.] Socrates
having closed his defence of the particular charges alleged against
him, proceeds to the discussion of some other subjects which these
charges involved. And first he complains in a degree of the odium
excited against him amongst the crowd, and the dangers of its
terminating in his death. But at the same time, with a simple and
touching eloquence, he inculcates the value which a good man
should attach to his duty and integrity, and how little life should be
regarded as the forfeit of adherence to high principle. Ob wodAije
prot Conee ecivar aroX. | Seems to me to require no great defence ;
as Plat. Gorg. p- 461. A. ovK« Odtyn¢ suvovciac tore; it requires no
short conversation. Matthiz Gr. s. 316.
 AITIOAOTIA ZOKPATOY2. 39 \ / 3 7 4 ’ / Oeva yéyove Kal
mpos ToAXovs, ed tate OTL adnes , \ =, 2 a A ’ \ / 7 € lad > EOTL.
KAL TOUT EOTLY O EME ALPNTEL, EAV TEP ALPN, OV 2ari\7 > > ra
a va , Meduros ovde Avutos, aAX 7 TOV TOAA@Y OvaBoAn \ \ \ y AS
‘\ TE KGL POovos. a a On mod)ous Kal adAous Kal ayabous avOpas
y MPNKEVs cima O€ Kai aipnoev’ ovdev de Sewvov pin €v €0l OTN.
yA eS 5 yf Re | 5) . / 3 / lows 6 av ovy etrot Tis, Ett’ ovk aioyuvet, @
2oa / bd f e KpaTES, TOLODTOY ETrITHOEUPLA ETLTNOEVOUS, EE
OU KLV, > qn b) \ \ , x duvevers vuvi amodavetyv ; Eyw de rovrm av
Oika.ov , v4 > ey / 3 y oyov avreitouut, ore Ov Karas A€yels, @
avOpore, > 7 ~ , e / lal —~ x ei oles Oetv Kivduvov vrodoyiCerOa
Tov Gov 7n TéO/ yf co % \ BA / > > bd VaVaL aVOPa OTOV TL Kal
GpuLKpoV OdeAos EaTLV, AAA lanl / ~ “d / / OUK EKELVO povoyv
oKOTEW, OTaY TPATTH TL, TOTEpOV dikaa n adie mparrer Kal
avdpos ayaBov Epye 7 KQKOU. pavror yap av TD YE O@ oye Eley
TOV e / npilewv ooo ev Tpoia ney eheinkerun OL TE aAAOL ¢ A / 0
a la ~ / KaL O TIS Oeridos vlos, Os ToTovTOV Tov KLVOUVOU ad
Kareppovnoe Tapa TO aio pov Tl UTOMEWAL, MOTE errelon elev
BYNTNP avT@ mpoOvpovpévo “Exropa *AXnGEc.| Ald. adn OHe;
incorrectly, for it must be referred to 0 preceding. FiscH. “O émé
aionoe.| h. e. Quod efficiet, ut condemner neque absolvar judicum
sententits. STALL. Ficinus, and all the Latin translations, have erred
in explaining atonoer by perimet ; atpeiy in its forensic sense
signifying merely to bring about a conviction, unconnected with any
penalty whatever. It is properly a term used in warfare, and applied
to the capture of an enemy, or the storming of a city, whence it was
transferred, like others of its class, to the forum, and means facere
ut reus condemnetur judicum sententiis. FISCH. "AAN 47—CtaBory
TE Kai POdvoc. | These words, as Fischer correctly observes, might
have been omitted, for they were already implied in Tov7’ éorvy
supr. However the ancient writers were frequently in the habit of
adding, generally after a break in the sentence, some words by
which the preceding member of the sentence might be better
defined, or the subject more vividly recalled. Ovdev O& Cervdy ph év
Emot ory.} For there is no danger of its stopping with me. Steph. in
marg. haud enim timendum est, ne hee in me cessent, vel jinem
faciant. Fischer: neque vero, vel enim, (Oé for yap) ullum periculum
est, ne ego sim ultimus, quem damnet invidia et odium multitudinis.
V. Cousin: car al ne faut pas espérer que ce fléau s’arrete a@ mot.
So in Phedon. cap. 34. sub fin. ovdey Oevor pi pony. Ei7’ obdK
aioxive. | Eira and é7réTa are used in questions of impatience and
sarcasm, as supr. Matthie Gr. s. 603. ‘Yrodoy Zeca. | q- PpovTiger,
movere, rationem habere. Fiscu. ‘O ric BériOoc vidc.| See Iliad. xviii.
94. sqq.—Ilapa 76 aicypdy re vTropeivat, pre turpitudinis macula et
opinione, h. e. ne diceretur mortem Patrocli amici zquoanimo tulisse.
Fiscn. zapa, preter, with an accusative, being one of the forms for
the construction of the comparative. Matthie Gr. s. 455.
 40 IMAATQNOS = GITOKTELVAL, Beos ovoa, ovT@dt Tes,
os ey Qua, "0 mat, el TULeopHTELs [arpoxde T@® €TAlp@ TOV
povoy t “Exropa ATPOKTEVELS, avros droaver airixa yap TOL, gnc,
pel "Exropa ToT Hos eTOLMOS" 6 6€ radr axovoas TOU pwev
Oavatrov Kai ToD KuvOvvov oduyo~ pce, TOAU be Hadov deicas TO
(yy Kakos ov Kat Tois hiro pn Tywwpeiv, Avrtixa, dno, TeOvainy SiKnv
ereis T@ adiKovvTL, iva pn evOade péevw KarayéAacros Tapa vnvaol
Kopwviow, ayOos apovpns. jy avrov over ppovricas Oavarov Kai
KLvOvYOV 3 ovT@ yep EXEL, @ avdpes ‘AOnvaior, ™) ahn Peta’ ob
av Tus €avtov Taen 1 IyNoTapEVOS BeXrvov Eval 7) ur apxovros
TaxOn, evradOa Set, @s euol Soxel, pméevovra KivOvveverv, pndev
vToAoyLComevov pjTe Gavarov pHTE aro pndev Tpo Tov aicxpod. §.
17. “Ey ody dewa av einv cipyacpévos, @ avSpes “A@nvaior, ei Ore
pev pe ol apyovtes erarror, Tlorpoe.} Bass. Norib. +60p0c;
incorrectly. Hesych. w6rTpoc" popoc. Apollonius Lex. Homer.
wé7po0¢* @avaroc. FIscH. Tiuwwpeiy.] Mudge conjectures ztpwpey
in order to effect a similar construction to kakdc wy preced. But
71pewpeiy may depend, like, and with Zyy upon 70, which reading
has been adopted by Ficinus. Fiscu. The infinitive Zyy, as it
expresses the object of fear, takes the article. Matthie Gr. s. 520.
Obs. 1. Tlapd vuoi copwvicrr.| i. e. in castris nauticis—Ax8o0c
apovpne, homo nequam, homo nullius frugi. F1Iscu. M7) av’roy
otst.] A negative is used interrogatively for affirming more
emphatically; so John, xviii. 26. odx éyo oe gldov ty Tw KyTw pET
avTov. Plat. Gorg. p. 512. B. fy coi CoKet Kara Toy éikayiKoy elvat. §.
17. "Ey ovvy Cea, x. 7. X.] The distinction between the oe aE ES and
optative with «i, is particularly marked in this passage: iyo Gava ay
einv sipyaopevac, > et; OTE Bev ME ot apxovrec Erarroy, ov¢ bpeic
etheabe aipKev pov, . TOTE pV, Ov Exeivor éTaTTOY, Emevoyv,
Wome Kai GAXog Tic, Kal exe Ovvevoy pie tierce: TOU 6é Oso
TarrovToc . . . . AEiwotpe THY rai; where the andic: expresses a
determinate circumstance which had happened, but the opt. an
action which is merely assumed and possible. Matthize Gr. s, 524.
Obs. 2. 1. See alsos. 622. 4. upon the above. Ot apxovrec.| Callias,
Cleo, and Hippocrates ; of whom the last was commander-in-chief of
the Athenian forces when they were routed by the Beotians, under
Pagondas, at Delium ; upon which occasion Socrates, who served in
the Athenian infantry, being pressed by the pursuing enemy, was
only enabled to secure a retreat for himself and those about him by
the protection of his pupil Alcibiades, who came up with a body of
cavalry. Cleon commanded the Athenians at Amphipolis, a town of
Thrace or Macedonia, near the Strymon, where he was defeated by
Brasidas, the Lacedemonian general, upon which occasion Socrates
also distinguished himself. Callias, the Athenian general, was killed at
the siege of Potidza, a town situated on the isthmus which connects
the penin 
 ANMOAOTIA ZOKPATOY’S. 41 BS e a ed A \ 2 II ) / Ly wd
ous vpets elAeo Oe apxew pov, Katey Lloridatg Kat ep “Apron Kal
emt Ani, TOTE [EV OU EKELVOL ETATTov é€uevov ws ep Kal aos Tis
Kal exeyOvvevov amoOaveiv, Tov d€ Oeod TaTTOVTOS, ws éyw
wNOnV TE / val / la “~ Q ’ / kat UréAaBov, diiocopovvra pe Oeiy Cov
Kat e€era’ \ \ \ a ; b ~ \ \ Covra e“avtov Kai Tovs adXous, evravda
de hoByOeis x / x yy € a a / \ / ) Oavarov 7 adXo OTLOdY TPaypa
AiTroyU THY TAL. \ / > x By \ e > ~ Tee im yy Oevov pevT av ein,
Kat ws adnOas TOT av pe Ol/ / cf > / \ Kaos ELOAYOL TLS ELS
OuxaarnpLoy, OTL OV VoLiG@ Beous iva ameOav TH pavr eis. Kab
dedims Gavarov Kat oidpevos coos €ivar ovK @Y. TO yap ToL
Oavarop Oe/ Sy oS, > \ x a \ du€vat, & avdpes, ovdev aAAO EoTIiV
7H OoKely coor 9 \ SYA es lal \ , > Q elvat py ovra’ Soxeiv yap
€idévar early & ovK olde. 3 \ \ > \ \ , x” oide pev yap ovdels Tov
Oavarov ovd €i TvyxXaver TO / , / x lal >’ qn / avOpare TavTav
peyioTov ov Tav ayadav, dediact ’ > / / , a an ’ t, 6 as ev elO0TES
OTL MEYLGTOV TOY KAK@V E€OTi. Kal lal og > / ’ \ o e 5 J e
TOUTO TMS OUK apavia EaTiV aUTN n ETOVELOLTTOS, 1 A / xA7 a
> 3 SN , 3 yy Tov olecOGa eidevat & ovK oldev; eyw O€, @ avopes,
, X\ 5 ~ + E ~ ~ > / TOUT@ Kal EvTAVOA tows diahEepw TaY
TOAAwY avOpa\ > / / / / > / TOV, KAL EL On TO TDOPwTEpos Tov
hainy Elvat, ToVvyy 4 > sah € a \ o 2 a oS T@ GV, OTL OVK ELOWS
LKaVaS TEpL TMV Ev ALdov OvTM cc v) sula of Pallene with
Macedonia, where it bordered on Thrace. While the Athenians were
before the town a skirmish occurred, in which Alcibiades, who,
though still very young, had joined the expedition, was wounded,
and his life preserved by Socrates, who managed to have the prize
of valour, which he had manifestly earned himself, bestowed upon lis
favourite pupil. V. Laert. ii. 22. sqq. Athen. iv. 15. Cic. de Divin. 1.54.
Plut. Alcibid. Thucyd. 1. 56. sqq. "AmelO@yv Ty pavreia.] sc. Qeov.
Aoxeiy yap eidevar—oidev. } Fully : éoTL yap éxetvo (sc. TO Oavaroy
Oecuevat) OoKety eidévar & ovk older. Tovro—apabia éoriv.] Plat.
Phedr. p- 245. C. rovro mnyi) Kai apyy yEvéoewe, which Cicero,
Tusc. Disp. 1. 23. 58, renders hic fons, hoc principium est Tow
movendi ; so in Phedon. c. 18. sub. fin. TouTo 0 éoriv avapyyoic. The
neuter of the demonstrative pronoun, as the subject of the
proposition, seems to be used when the word to which it refers is to
be emphatically distinguished.— Matthie Gr. s. 440. 7.—‘H rov
otecPar eidévat, que in eo cernitur, ut quis se scire opinetur que non
sciat. STALL. Tr. And how is not this the veriest reprehensible
ignorance, this of thinking that one knows, §c.; so VY. Cousin: que
de croire connaitre, &c.; Cf. Demosth. de Coron. p. 231. 1. 1. 1 TOY
Orwy “EMvoy, ELTE xpi Kaxiay, ELTE ayvouay, eiTE Kal TATA
apnporepa el Tely. Tovrw ay.] sc. gainyv eiva or ein. “Ort ouK eiOwe
—ovTw. ] i. q. Ort, OOTED ovK vida tx. wep. T. tv “Ato. oUTwW Kai,
K.T.r. STALL. OUTw often
 MAATOQNOZ \ oe . , , A \ \ > a \ \ > ~ Kal olomae ovK
€id€vac’ TO de aduKeEty Kal TO ameBety TO Bedrion, Kal Jew Kal
avOpome, OTL _K&KOV Kal : al oxpov eoTw oda. po ovv TOV
KAaK@V ov olda Ore KaKa €OTW, & py OlOa ci Ayala bvTa
TVYXAVEL, ovderote hoBnOncopae ovde hevEopar. ware ovd cl pe
vov vpels apiere —Avure ATL TOUTES, os en 7 THY apxny ov dew ee
Seiipo eloedOety 7, 7 emreLo1) Eto AOOv ovxX olov T €ivat TO py
amoKreival HE, A€you pos UEas @S EL Siapevoiuny, non av UpOV ol
uleis em Ltndevortes & LoKparns bSacrxer TavTEs TAVTAT ACL
SiaOapnaovra,—el jor pos Tadra elmore DQ Sofollows after
participles, whose meaning it thus repeats for the sake of emphasis.
Matthie Gr. s. 610. 7. Te Berrion.] Ei qui vobis superior presit. Serran.
Tepidpaotikwc. Bedriwy signifying here, one who excels another in
authority and influence. So melior is used for potentior, Horat. Epl. 1.
10. 34. “* Cervus equum pugna melior communibus herbis
Pellebat,”’ &c.; and those are designated as Optimates, who are
possessed of the most considerable power in a republic. Stephens
renders it meliori, or prestantiori, which Fischer approves and
explains by sapientiori, prudentiori. IIpd ov Tév KakGy, kK. 7. Xr.)
Socrates had just asserted that an unwarrantable disobedience to a
better than himself, either god or man, was, in his conviction, both
criminal and dishonorable; he now proceeds to say that he never
should feel afraid of, or inclined to fly from what, for all he knew,
might be a blessing, sooner than feel so affected with regard to
those things which he knew to be actually evil. See Matthie Gr. s.
575. voc. mpo. —Popeicba and gevyey 790 TOY KakiY—E pI owda, is
used for gopercbae padXov 7a Kaka a oida OTL Kaka éoTLy i) ravra
& py oida él ayaba o ovra TUX avEL. STALL. “Qore ovd et pt, k.7.r.]
Stephens considers this passage as elliptical, and reads and supplies
it thus: Wore ovd’ ét pee voy vpete apioure Bédoupe av op ipov
agiecOat, or akwoayu ay, etc. But the force of o¥0’ may either be
carried on to the firm refusal of Socrates to alter his conduct, on the
condition of his acquittal, or it may be presumed that this is one of
the many interruptions familiar to the philosopher, by which the
sense was only meant to be suspended during one or more
parentheses, and yet was neglected to be afterwards supplied,
owing to the greater importance of the subjects thus introduced.
"Amtornoayrec.| Ald. Bas. 1. Norib. awiOnoavrec. Steph. Forst.
azreOjcavrec. Bas. 2. axtorioayrec, sanctioned by Eusebius, and
certainly the most correct. For amuoreiv, amisToc, and az.oria are
not merely used in reference to those who distrust, who place no
confidence in others, but to those also who, from this want of
confidence, resist being led by any whom so they mistrust. Thy
aoxny. | From the first, ai ail. "Arroxretvat.| To condemn to death,
vote the death of. Sententiis damnare mortis, STALL., in which sense
it occurs also cap. 18. infr. and Xenoph. Mem. IV. 8.5, where it is
opposed to a7roAvbecv. “Hon dv tipov—oradPapjoorrat. | Those who
could not admit the use of ay with the future, have proposed to read
CragPapyootvTo : but almost all the editions support the reading in
the text. Matthie, Gr. s. 599. d. states that ay is sometimes joined
with the indicative of the future, to designate as only probable, that
which the future alone would declare decidedly about to happen; but
the quotations adduced in proof can be otherwise explained by
anacolu 
 ATIOAOTIA ZOKPATOYY. 43 - \ > / > / 5] > > / / Kpares,
vuv pey Avut@ ov Treva opeba, arr apiewev oe, €7l TOUT@ MEVTOL
ep OTE PNKETL ev TOUTY TH (TOE SuarpiBew pnoe pedoaogpeir’
ea de ados eTL TovTO TPATTOY, am oBavel. el ovv He, 0 mep elov,
eT! rovrois adioure, elroy av vpiv ore Eyo vpas, @ yy > la ’ , \ \ ie /
avopes A@nvatot, dom agopat pev Kat Piro, TEicoc a o x pect be
paddov TO dep 7 piv, Kal €ws TEP ap eMTVED Kat olos TE @, Ov Fg
Trave opeat procopar Kal UpLy 7 TapaKehevopievos TE Kal
eVOELKYUMEVOS, or@ av Gel evTVYXAVO VU@V, A€yov ola TEP
ElwOa, Ort S y > as > a yj / a l Q apiore avdpav, A@nvatos wv,
Todews THs pEeyio, > / \ / 7 TNS KAaL EVOOKiLMTATHS cis TOpiay
Kal LaxVY, Ypnua\ > > / / fof yf TOV [EV OVK aloxUVEL
ETLLEAOMEVOS, OTWS TOL ETTAL e a \ / x Gs / \ \ as TAEloTa, Kal
So€ns Kai Tyuns, dpovnoews dé Kat > / \ io ‘a v4 ¢€ / yy adnGeias
Kal THS Wuxyns, oT@s ws BEeATITTN EoTAL, an 3 \ / \ SF c las
OvK eTyenel ovde povTiCes; Kal eav Tis vMov OfLpea Byrnon Kai oy
empedelo Bau, ouK evdus abnow avTOY OVO a7rELLL, GAN
Epnoopat avToY Kal e€eTaTw tha, various readings, &c. Whence he
concludes, that it is even very doubtful whether the genuine Attics
ever used ay with the future indicative ; for this usage is found, in
Euripides, only in lyrical passages, and perhaps was still prevalent in
the old language. Dawes, Misc. Critic. p. 104, denies that dy is used
with the future, in which he is followed by most English critics.
Brunck and Wolf express themselves doubtfully ; App. Crit. ad Dem.
1. 604. Sept. p. 343. See in Phedon. cap. 5. init. od0’ OTWOTLOUY
AY, etc. "Ed wre.] For wore, wpon condition that. This should be,
properly, éxi Ttovrm Wore, as Thucydides, 3. 114. says, omovddc
wai Evppaytay éTolnoavTo ...émwi TOLTCE, WOTE PNre “Apmpaxirac
pera "Akapvavov oToareve Ei Hekowovvnciove, &c. Thus wore, Thuc.
3. 34. 75. 114. 5. 94. 7. 82. But because the relative properly refers
to the demonstrative, SO, according to Gr. s. 473, they said ézi
rovTW, @, OY TE, or with the preposition repeated, émi rovT@, é~
qTe as supr. Matthie Gr. s. 479. a. "Aomalopat piy cat Giro.|]
"AomwaZeoPat, aliquem salutare ita ut eum amplectaris ; gtdetyv,
salutare aliquem ita ut eum osculeris ; whence the passage in the
text means: grato letoque animo vestram hunanitatem et
clementiam amplector atque veneror. STALL. Maddov rp Geqp.]
Stephens compares this passage with Acts, v. 29. mwevlapyety Ost
Oem parrov, 7 avOo0Toi.— Ewe ep av itpviw. So Cicero p- red. ad
Quir. 10. “‘ dum anima spirabo mea.” Kai ivdeucvipevoc.| So cap. 9.
extr. Tp Os BonOdy éivosixnvupt, Ort odK E0TL COpOc. "Ioxdv.]
Ficinus has mistaken the sense of this word in explaining it potentia,
it is here expressive of the magnanimity and resolution which consist
in the contempt of wealth and worldly grandeur. The qualities of the
body are not uncommonly affirmed of the mind; so Xenoph. Apol.
34, uses pwun, as synonymous with yevvaiorye, s. 38. It is evident,
from what Socrates con» .
 44 MAATONO® ©, coe / wy 2 ul \ “ ~ ’ / Kali edeyEo, Kal
eav poor pn Soxn KexTHoOar aperny, , , > ~ @ \ / » i Je , hava dé,
overdid OT Ta TWAELTTOUV aELa TEpl EAaxio- \ \ / a Tov Toveita,
Ta Oe havroTEpa TeEpi TAEiovos. TaiTa , , 4 x , Kal vewTeép@ Kal
mpecRuTEep@, OT@ ay EVTVYXAVO, , / > “ cal \ ~ a Tomow, Kal
€évm Kal aoT@, padrov O€ Tols aoTois, od > / > \ / a \ / € Oo@
MoU EYYUTEPH ETTE YEvEL. TAVTA Yap KeAEvVEL O S » * b] »” / e
lal ca Oeos, «0 lore. Kal (€7@_olopat ovdev TO vply pretCov ayabov
“yever Oat ev ™ Toe y THY Epa TO Oe@ vIn pEeTiay. ovdev yep ado
7 parTov eyo TTEPLEepXopac 7 Te(Owv cipov Kal vewrépovs Kal
mpeoBureé/ / > a / / povs pyre coparov emteheto Oat TE Xpnparev
Tporepoy unde ovT@ opodpa os 77s Wux7s, 6 omras os apiorn
€OTAL, eyov OTL OuK Ek XPNHarov apeTn ylyverat, adr eE aperns
ypnmara Kal TadAa ayaba rad > / 7 \ p | Tols avOpwros atavra Kat
idia kat Onuooia, €i pev 3 ~ / / \ / es) x y+ ovv TavTa AEeywv
diabOeipw Tous veous, TAUT av Ein = / x a BrAaBepa’ «i O€ Tis we
hnow adrAa Héyey 7 TadTa, >a / \ a / » Sa ’ ovdev eyel. Tpos
TadTA, hainv av, w@ avdpes AOnca x ‘6 6 "A / x / Lo. / / x \ vaio, 7
welWecOe AvuT@ 7 py, Kal n apleTe mE ] MH > / e > A > x / » x”.
> aQleTe, MS E“OU OVK av ToLnTOVTOS aAAa, ovd Ei / / péeAAw
ToAAAaKLS TEOvavat. tinues to say, that ioxdy is opposed to
superstition. But while this amazing a concern about riches and an
anxiety for dignity and fame. Newripy Kai mpecBurépy. | Matthie Gr.
s. 415. Obs. 1. Ma@Xov dé roig acroic bow pov éyy-] A similar
construction occurs, cap. 30. a med. cat X@rETwrEDOL ETOVTaL
0ow vewrepot eiot. Cf. Liv. ii. 51. “Quo plures erant, major cedes
fuit.” Ovid. Epist. iv. 19. “‘ Venit amor gravius quo serius.” Tp Oep
urnpeciay.| See cap. 9. extr. Tov Oe0v AaTpeEiav. Mare cwparwr
ixtercio8at, x.7.X. } Neither to be solicitous for the body nor for
riches, prior to, nor with such zeal, as for the soul. It is impossible
not to observe in what grand and beautiful relief these noble
sentiments of the philosopher stand out upon the dark ground of
pagan See exercise of self-instructed mind may well furnish a
subject for surprise and admiration, it must be remembered that
reason is but the dawn within ourselves, revelation the day-spring
from on high, that can alone mature its light. Et piv odv—dragbsiow
—rair’ ay ein BA.] See cap. 12. extr. Ei sic— CragPetper. Tavr’ ay in
PraBeEpa.] So Xenophon, of Socrates; Tac av oby 0 TOlovro¢ avno
bragbeiper Tove véove, Et 1) apa THC apEeTTC ewupedera
cvagPopa éorw. Mem. Socr. i. c. 2. 8. IIlp0¢ ravra.] Harum rerum
habita ratione, quocirca. STALL. So Soph. El. 382. zpdc ravra gpalou,
accordingly, therefore, consider. Matthie Gr. s. 591. B.—Qe ipod ode
adv ToincovToc.— For the construction of ay with the in