CHAPTER 1 A

01 same

B
UNIT 01 includes
2 all living creatures look at

ANALYSIS looked at

3
[ ] that

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01

ORGANIZER 5
7
1 ancestor
2 same
3 same
4 cousins

WORKSHEET
1 A same B includes
2 looking at looked at
3 Isn’t that a far more wonderful thought than any
myth

2
 Marketers need to [be aware of these stages] and [be
prepared to act at the appropriate time].
[ ] and to

For example, a couple who have just bought their

first house [will not currently be in the market to buy Human beings, therefore, never begin their existence
another larger house], but [very well might be in five from scratch, but always within some kind of context
to seven years’ time, when perhaps they have started — a context that changes, sometimes radically within
a family or are earning more money]. a single generation.
[ ] a couple but never A but B A B
when from scratch within
five to seven years time some kind of context

WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET 1 does is
1 earn 2 language a body of theory social institutions
2 1 true be does
1 is
earn deny that
2 when perhaps they have started a family or are
earning more money most some a part both
of most of which

a context
02 that
2

03

Dan Brown

2009 Herta Müller

3
 STEP 01

habitat
absorb
carbon dioxide
convert

STEP 02

~ to make it easy [for members to find them].

2
it [ ]
3
~ the more fluently we retrieve an item from
memory, the more often [we must have encountered STEP 03
it in the past].
the the
[ ] must have

WORKSHEET
1 that which being
2 1 available 2 literature
1 a public library
that which
being
the environment being
2 1 available

2
literature

4
 1
UNIT 02
minor

ANALYSIS 2 this

3 by you
is worn wear it
on which hand you wear it

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01

[Returning the watch to its usual place] brings back a

feeling of comfort.
[ ] Returning
brings
If feelings of discomfort accompany so minor an
alteration, how much more so with significant
behavior changes?
so an
such a n

ORGANIZER
1 uncomfortable 2 changes
One day while driving my car, I kept noticing things
[that were wrong with all the other cars on the road].
WORKSHEET [ ] things keep -ing
1 minor
2 But we can [develop awareness] and [use anything
{that happens to us and others} as great learning
3 on which hand you wear it experiences].

5
 [ ] and can [ ] { }
{ } anything
~ it was the story that drew us in.
WORKSHEET it is that
1 to have a taillight out to spew dark smoke out
of its tailpipe to have a bad tire
2 which what WORKSHEET
1 1 interested interesting
2 technologically advanced gadgets story

2 find 1 interested
what interesting your
story interesting

02 2 ET

03

ET The Extraterrestrial

ET

[The word magic has always been associated with the

film industry], and [{while some people consider the In most of the developed countries [specific
technical achievements of filmmakers to be the magic legislation has been made] and [scientific methods for
part of films,} I am of the belief that the story part of investigation of noise pollution have been invented].
a movie is the real magic]. and [ ]
[ ] and

6
 However, there is an urgent need [that the Central
Government of India should manage to get a
legislation passed for the control of noise pollution]. STEP 01
[ ] an urgent need get
1
2
3
WORKSHEET
1 passing passed
2 legislation noise STEP 02
1
passed 1
2
legislation 2

noise 3

refreshing
relax

STEP 03

7
 UNIT 03 PRACTICE

01 02 03
ANALYSIS

01
Smalltown

10 Smalltown

H Brown
H Brown
1 21
1 4

15%
Monica Diamond
Smalltown

[After investigating what caused the mistake], I found

ORGANIZER that we have two H. Browns in our customer files ~
1 addition
[ ] I
2 weddings I
3 January investigate
investigating
Again, I apologize for the inconvenience [we caused
WORKSHEET you].
[ ] the inconvenience
1 1 resident 2 appreciation
2 raising To show
3

1 1
resident WORKSHEET
2 1 what that
appreciation 2 I apologize for the inconvenience we caused you
2 raising 1 ensure
to that
3 2 we caused you the inconvenience

8
02 feeling

Ma and Pa 03

Alan Smith

Jenkins
hungry man s special Alice Jenkins Insurance Partners

Alice
Protect-All Insurance
2015 3
Alice
3
3
Ma and Pa s Kettle
Alice
Gail James

Della Johnson
Alice Jenkins

She reported directly to me [for the three years of her

Little did I know my meal would turn out to be so tenure with that company] until 2015, [when I retired].
bad. [ ]
little few never no not only [ ]
only
do does did
WORKSHEET
1 A to consider B become
That’s not the way [I thought a customer should feel
2 asset
after dining at Ma and Pa’s Kettle].
[ ] the way 1 A encourage
to consider
B watch become
WORKSHEET
1 establishment
2
2 feeling
asset
1
establishment
2 feel

9
 STEP 02

Jim Hanks

15

2017 10 26
10 26 5 7
5 ~7

STEP 01

1
Lawrence
2
10 26 5 7

promote
affordable
sustainable
take place

10
 2 dirt wash
UNIT 04
washed
never before
ANALYSIS had there been this finality

Charlie
Charlie

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01
Charlie

Charlie Anne Marco

Charlie Anne

Anne

Marco 6
16

He had had so many scares, heard so many terrifying

noises, got startled by so many shadows, been
hurt so often that all his senses were worn to a flat
hopelessness.
had heard got been

ORGANIZER
1 morning fog
2 walls
3 weeds
4 hopelessness

Police cars are parked on the street outside the house,

WORKSHEET [their red lights flashing, pulsing through the front
1 hopelessness window and circling the pale walls].
2 washed had there been this finality [ ]
1 their red lights
hopelessness flashing pulsing circling

11
 WORKSHEET [ ] my feelings
1 wearing
2 shocked sad gone WORKSHEET
1 the baby 1 play
wearing 2 Emma
2 Anne Marco 1 insist suggest ask require
order advise
should
played
02 should play
2
It Emma’s mom who picked up the
purse without even saying thank you
Sondra
6 Emma
Emma
03
Sondra

Emma
600
Emma
Sondra Emma

Emma
Sondra
Emma

[Opening it up to find the owner’s identification], I

saw that it belonged to Emma’s mom.
[ ] When I opened it up The wave hit the boat with an amazing force,
[knocking me off my feet].
It confirmed my feelings [that Sondra’s relationship [ ]
with Emma needed to be monitored]. I [saw something floating in the water next to me] and

12
 [grabbed it] and [held on for my life].
[ ] and I
STEP 01

1
WORKSHEET
1 hold held
2
2 1 amazing 2 grab
1 saw grabbed held I 3

2 1
2 4

log
backpack
boots

STEP 02

13
CHAPTER

02
3 Paul Creston

UNIT 05

ANALYSIS
PRACTICE

Paul Creston 01 02 03
Paul Creston 20
Creston
01
Creston
Al-Jazari
1 1941
Al-Jazari 1136 1206
1938
1206
2
1960
Walt Whitman

Al-Jazari

Walt Whitman

He had already received a Guggenheim Fellowship Leonardo da Vinci Al-jazari

in 1938. Al-Jazari

had p p

Al-Jazari
ORGANIZER
constructed a hand washing automaton first employing
1 long-dead composers
the flush mechanism now used in modern toilets
2 Guggenheim Fellowship
3 Walt Whitman

Al-Jazari constructed a hand washing automaton [first

WORKSHEET employing the flush mechanism {now used in modern
1 fade toilets}].
2 called performed [ ] a hand washing automaton
3 when his Symphony No won the New York Music { } the flush mechanism
Critics Circle Award in Al-Jazari appears to have been the first inventor
1 fade to have
2 It appears

14
 that Al-Jazari was the first inventor protests.
[ ] { } a fine
WORKSHEET
1 is practical
2 machines comfort WORKSHEET
1 that a basin 1 A that B has
is 2 helping to win social and political gains for women
purposes practical launching the women’s movement in the twentieth
century
2 Al-Jazari 1 A
that
B advocacy
has
2 Anthony’s single-minded advocacy
02 of equal justice for women has been credited with
Anthony
Susan B Anthony
with
Susan B Anthony
1851 Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1869 03
Anthony
14 1872
20

1906
Anthony Paul Roos
20
1906
she did not live to see women gain the vote

1990
1980

With Elizabeth Cady Stanton, [whom she met in

1851], Anthony was the principal organizer and
ideological voice of the National Woman Suffrage 1906
Association [that they formed in 1869]. 1990
[ ] whom that 20

[Her arrest, trial, and sentence of a fine {that she

refused to pay}] became a model for other suffrage

15
 1980

It continues to be worn by the South African 1950

national rugby team today, [known universally as the
Springboks].
[ ] the South African national rugby team
which is

The 1906 Springboks were highly successful, [winning STEP 01

nearly all their matches including Wales, {the top
British Isles nation at the time}]. 1
[ ] The 1906 Springboks
{ } Wales 2

3
WORKSHEET
2006
1 the South African national rugby team
4
2 the Springboks
1 the South African national rugby
5
team which is
which the South African
national rugby team

compose
2 the Springbok emblem
await
the Springboks
unite

Culture Note STEP 02

springbok

For the Victory

Trans Fixion
2006

the Springboks

16
 3 the percentage
UNIT 06
1 1

ANALYSIS
respectively
2
respondent
2 A
which
2003 2006
B the percentage was
2003 2006

3 that
the percentage

PRACTICE

29% 17% 01 02 03

01

[The second highest response category for the two Taylor Community Yoga Free in February
groups], {which had the largest percentage point
gap between men and women}, was exercising with
Taylor Community 2
family members.
[ ] category 2 1
{ } which Taylor

ORGANIZER Taylor Community

1 Alone
2 Co-workers 10
3 Yoga Punch Pass

WORKSHEET Taylor Community Hall

2018 2 1
1 1 respectively 2 respondent
6 45 ~ 7 45
2 A which B was

17
 Taylor Community Hall 6 45 75
7 45 1 2014
10

Then take the first step by joining us for a free yoga 2014
class [presented by the Taylor District on Thursday, 48
February 1st]. 10
[ ] a free yoga class

We encourage you [to invite your friends, family, and

any fitness enthusiast you know] [to take advantage of The percentages of male online shopping preference
this free opportunity] [to take care of your body and were higher than those of female online shopping
mind with Taylor Community yoga]! preference for all the periods.
to [ ] encourage those the
[ ] percentages
[ ] this free opportunity In the spring of 2014, [the gap between the female
preference for online and in store shopping] was just
10 percentage points, while it was slightly more in the
case of males.
WORKSHEET [ ] the gap
1 presented to invite was
2 sample answer My New Year’s resolution is to read
an English novel in a month
1 a free yoga class present WORKSHEET
presented 1 the gap between online and in store shopping
encourage to invite preference
2 preference
2 1
it
the gap between the female preference
for online and in store shopping the
gap between online and in store shopping preference
02
2

preference

2013 2013 2014

03
2013

18
 Redwood
Daisy Meadows
STEP 01
5 12 26 9 1
5 13 27
1
2009 9

24 12

forbid
Paula Willson 718 987 2345
account for
proportion
Volunteers should bring their own tools such as
STEP 02
shovels and scissors
2009 9
3 2

Soft drinks and water will be provided.

62
will be p p

WORKSHEET
1 to invite
2 Soft drinks water
1 feel free to as long as ~

19
 UNIT 07

ANALYSIS

72
Brandon PRACTICE

01 02 03
Brandon

Brandon
01
Diane
Diane Martha
Benny Goodman One O Clock Jump Diane
Diane Martha
Diane
my father
Martha
Brandon

Martha
My father is in bare feet, [one foot high in the air], ~
Diane Martha
[ ] with
Diane
with
I know, [without having been there], {what song he is
dancing to}.
Diane
{ } know
[ ]
Martha
Diane
ORGANIZER
1 pale blue pajamas Diane made a communication mistake [that instantly
2 a wide grin persuaded her fellow teacher Martha {to resent her}].
3 standing [ ] a communication mistake
{ } persuaded
WORKSHEET ~, Diane sent Martha the message [that she didn’t
1 A dancing B that respect her or value her ideas].
2 cheerful a wide grin smiling or laughing [ ] the message

1 A my father dancing

B it appears that WORKSHEET

that 1 which that
2 2 instant negativity

20
 1 2
which the
message 1 a rather poignant note
that A week after that
2 Diane Martha came
instant negativity 2 she received a phone call saying one pair was actually
no longer being made
note from the saleswoman and her manager saying the
02 other pair was also unavailable

Salli

Salli
03

Brian

Salli
Brian

Brian
20 Brian

Brian Robeson

Salli

Brian
A week after that came a rather poignant note from
the saleswoman and her manager [saying {the other
pair was also unavailable}]. It passed directly over Brian, very low, touching the
[ ] saying a rather poignant water gently once, twice, and stopped [with its floats
note from the saleswoman and her manager gently bumping the beach in front of his shelter].
{ } saying that [ ] with

They did enclose a 20% off coupon for her next visit. bumping
did did
enclose enclosed WORKSHEET
1 took them off to stare
WORKSHEET 2 rescue save find quit
1 came 1 take off

21
 them took off

STEP 01
2 Brian
Brian
1

determined
enthusiastic

STEP 02

participate in ~

22
CHAPTER B

03 increasing
2 children parents
whose
UNIT 08
it
that
ANALYSIS
3 a desire to
make choices for oneself

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01

24
24 10
10 7

ORGANIZER
1 Choices
2 dependence
3 maturing

WORKSHEET
1 A core B increasing
2 whose that
3 desire make choices
1 A
core
margin

23
 ~ [much of what we do read] we either ignore or don’t
understand.
[ ] ignore or don’t understand

read do

A bird [building its nest today] will do it in almost

WORKSHEET exactly the same way [that birds did it yesterday, a
1 A ignore B consulted year ago, even thousands of years ago].
2 performed the given task without looking at the [ ] A bird
instructions [ ] the same way
1 A
A house built today is quite different from one
[that was built thousands of years ago or even a few
ignore recall
B
decades ago].
A is different from B A B
consulted provided
quite
[ ] one one
2
a house

WORKSHEET
instructions 1 A reveals B show
2 different sameness
1 A The history
reveals

02 B All animals show

2

different
sameness
1
sameness

03

20
30

24
 17
Paco Underhill STEP 01

500 1 Lucy

exchange
shatter
In the luxury trade, that describes an incredibly
deliver
high-priced article [displayed mainly to manipulate
opening ceremony
consumers].
that anchor [ ] STEP 02
an incredibly high-priced article

WORKSHEET
1 manipulate
2 500 bag in the window
1
manipulate

2 anchor

anchor
Emma Lucy

25
 UNIT 09 ORGANIZER
1 checkmark

ANALYSIS 2 visual statement

3 notice

Santa Clara Big Brothers Big Sisters WORKSHEET

1 objective
2 realizing
3

1
Sheila Kriefels
objective

2 come closer to to
realize realizing
3 review individual and team objectives talks about
what he or she has been doing identifies how those
Big Brothers Big Sisters accomplishments have helped to achieve the agency’s
aspirations
Sheila
Kriefels

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01
Each person talks about [what he or she has been
doing] and identifies [how those accomplishments
have helped to achieve the agency’s aspirations].
[ ] about [ ]
identifies
This process is followed by rounds of applause,
whoops, and hollers.
5
A be followed by B A B
10 000 8 300

26
 02

Humans are among the few species [whose unrelated

members exchange favors, such as {trading
goods, engaging in social contracts, or forming
organizations}].
[ ] the few species { }
such as favors
She did her work cheerfully and made herself
If we were not able to recognize faces, voices, or indispensable to the dwarves.
names, we would not be able to tell whom we’d made
encountered previously, and as a consequence, not herself herself
recall [who treated us fairly] and [who cheated]. indispensable
[ ] recall and

WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET 1 A that B herself
1 cheating cheated 2 work hard your coworkers
2 participants 10,000 pictures 1 A it wasn’t that her pretty face
1 who
who treated cheated B made
herself
2 2
participants 10,000 pictures

27
03
STEP 01

be held

STEP 02

So every day they line up their priorities anew, find

the lead domino, and whack away at it until it falls.
line find whack

WORKSHEET
1 straightforward
2 highly successful people the lead domino
1
straightforward
2 they
it

28
 reflect ignore
UNIT 10
2 be apparent

ANALYSIS 3

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01

ORGANIZER
1 norms
2 illegally
3 overestimate

WORKSHEET
1 A acceptable B reflect
2 apparently apparent
3 illegally downloading music tax evasion
1 A
acceptable Sometimes a creative problem is so difficult that it
inadequate requires people to connect their imaginations together; ~
B so that

29
 Instead, it is a chance for those talents to exceed This is basically his way of calling out for attention,
themselves, [to produce something greater than anyone of calling out to make sure [that you know he is there]
thought possible]. and [that you have not forgotten about him].
[ ] to exceed themselves [ ] that make sure

WORKSHEET WORKSHEET
1 exceed 1 to make to be
2 to connect 2 insecure
1 exceed 1 make
to
2 require to need to
to connect 2

02
03

30
 That is, the amount of light [reflected from one side]
is the same as that [reflected from the other]. STEP 01
[ ] light that
that the amount of light
It is essential [that the observation room remain dark], ~ 1
It [ ]
essential 2
[ ] should
3

4
WORKSHEET
1 disguised remain
2 reflected one-way
in favor of ~
1 disguise
expose
a wealth of
essential
be opposed to ~
should
remains remain STEP 02

improve
restrict

31
 2 them some drivers
UNIT 11
3
braking safer
ANALYSIS

ABS
3
PRACTICE

01 02 03
ABS

01
ABS

A
However
B
In other
words

A
A

ORGANIZER however
B
1 ABS
B
2 braking
3 markedly
4 inferior
As a consequence

WORKSHEET
1 help
2 some drivers
3 braking safer
1 make for When emotions are highly charged, it makes good
help sense [to delay conversation about conflict until

32
 attention, mental focus, and goodwill have returned].
it [ ]
No one wants to [talk about conflict] and [risk
spoiling the good time].
[ ] and to In the case of China and Eastern Europe, it is clear
[that market liberalization has helped a lot].
WORKSHEET [ ] it
1 while during This is true of all Latin American countries, [including
2 to delay take up Brazil], despite the enthusiastic media reports about
that country.
1 while
[ ] all Latin American countries
during
that country Brazil
2

to delay take WORKSHEET

up 1 Market Liberalization
2

02 1

Market Liberalization

2 has been historically characterized by slow

1998
economic growth In addition that region has a relatively
high birth rate
1998

03
1998 2008

Nevertheless

As a result

33
 A
STEP 02
A
For example

Moreover 1
2
3

For example, [although sewing clothes for the family

is thought of as women’s work in North America (most propeller
men have never operated a sewing machine or made a go off
purchase in a fabric store)], [{among the Ecuadorian completely
men and traditional Hopi of Arizona}, men are the
spinners, weavers, and tailors]. STEP 03
[ ] [ ]
{ }

WORKSHEET
1 a assigned b although
2 jockey Major League Baseball umpire
1 a roles
assigned
b although

2
jockey Major League Baseball umpire

34
CHAPTER 2 velocity

04 2 keep from -ing

3
UNIT 12

ANALYSIS

Newton
Newton
PRACTICE

01 02 03

01

However, there are outside forces [that keep a golf

ball from moving in its original direction forever].
[ ] outside forces keep
from -ing

ORGANIZER
1 gravity
2 friction
3 slows down

WORKSHEET Prior to the modern era, the Chinese actor, whether

1 1 gravity 2 velocity rural amateur or urban professional, rarely enjoyed
2 keep it from going the respect [that society pays him or her today].
3 air resistance a grassy and sandy surface friction with [ ] the respect
the surface He often became an itinerant performer, [travelling
1 1 among small towns and rural villages to perform
gravity during festivals or to celebrate important occasions in

35
 the lives of the local gentry].
[ ] Every great thing [that was ever started] began in
uncertainty.
WORKSHEET [ ] Every great thing
began Every great thing
1 A respect B travelling
We must remind ourselves [that there are two possible
2 they contributed to the image of the vagabond
ends to every uncertain journey {we embark upon}] ~
good-for-nothing that afflicted his profession for
[ ] remind
centuries
{ } every uncertain
1
journey

A respect blame
WORKSHEET
B 1 what that
travelling 2 face began
1 know
2 and that
they contributed to the image of the vagabond good-for-
nothing that afflicted his profession for centuries 2

03
02

Thomas Alva Edison

Steve Jobs

This is what causes difficulty in seeing close objects

36
 clearly (called presbyopia), [necessitating either
longer arms or corrective lenses].
[ ] STEP 01

To complicate matters further, the time [our eyes

need to change focus from near to far (or vice versa)] 1

increases.
[ ] the time 2

increases

WORKSHEET 3
1 what increases
2 4

1 causes
what

lift
the time increases straight
arrow
2 Because drivers are constantly changing bubble
their focus due to ~

STEP 02

spin

37
 1 A
UNIT 13
be viewed
B Such mechanisms refer
ANALYSIS
2 1
adaptive
2
aggression
3 this reason

PRACTICE

01 02 03

01

Being aggressive to others in response to every

provocation [is definitely not adaptive], and [can
greatly disrupt social life].
[ ] and

ORGANIZER
1 adaptive
2 restraining
3 aggression

WORKSHEET these habits such

1 A be viewed B refer happy habits
2 1 adaptive 2 aggression
3

How does that happen if our brain rewards behaviors

38
 [that are good for survival]? The same techniques [that allow genetic defects
[ ] behaviors (very inferior genes) to be eliminated] allow the
[Anything that worked before] built a pathway in your replacement of slightly inferior genes with superior
brain. ones.
[ ] built Anything that [ ] The same techniques
Whatever ones genes

WORKSHEET WORKSHEET
1 was built built has built 1 defect
2 such happy habits from snacking to exercising 2
1 Anything build
built has built
2 these habits 1
such happy habits from snacking to exercising defect
2 Plants can be built that resist diseases without
pesticides use less water and produce more edible
food
02

03

1 365 24

24

Plants can be built [that resist diseases without

pesticides, use less water, and produce more edible
food]. But [even if the possibility of closing could be ruled
[ ] Plants [ ] out with certainty], it is doubtful that a store would
resist use produce and find it advantageous to purchase doors without locks.

39
 [ ]
it that
it to STEP 01

purchase
1
2
WORKSHEET 3
1 to make
2 4

1 it 5
to make
2 6

make a resolution
midterm exam
leave

STEP 02

40
 UNIT 14 WORKSHEET
1 persuade which

ANALYSIS 2 empty vague

3 persuaded backed up specific details
1 to
to
to persuade
C which where
answer
which
B 2
empty
A

vague

3 specific
details backed up
persuaded
C

However B
C specific details C
A These B
PRACTICE
B
01 02 03
‘Research has shown that ...’ is a phrase [often used
to persuade the listener that the speaker can back
up {what he or she is saying} with firm empirical 01
evidence].
[ ] a phrase { } back up
However, it is extremely vague [to claim that ‘research 2002 UC Santa Barbara Michael
has shown’ anything] ~. Miller 16
it [ ] fMRI
B
ORGANIZER
1 firm empirical evidence A
2 methods
3 empty C Miller
4 persuaded

Miller

41
 16
a set of words
a second series of words C
B
A he had seen a particular word a few minutes ago

B A C by B
averaging together all the individual brain maps from
his subjects A
A
A C

One by one, sixteen participants [lay down in an fMRI

brain scanner] and [were shown a set of words].
[ ] and C
sixteen participants [ ] B
sixteen participants show A the same way
were shown
Miller’s expectation was [that this average map would
reveal the neural circuits involved in verbal memory
in the typical human brain]. It recognizes an evil virus the second time around,
[ ] knows it will cause trouble, and attacks it [before it
has a chance to do its mischief again].
WORKSHEET recognizes knows attacks It
and [ ]
1 showing shown
2 a map of the Average Brain that would reveal the
neural circuits involved in verbal memory in the typical
human brain WORKSHEET
1 sixteen participants show 1 be let tries
were shown 2 an evil virus a big ugly dog
2 Michael Miller 1 be let

a map snarls it tries

of the Average Brain that would reveal the neural circuits 2
involved in verbal memory in the typical human brain

03
02

42
 C STEP 01

1998 2010
A 65 8 300
2
B

12
20%

C
A
B
a range of
network
Say you want him to bring the bill [with the credit status
card already stamped] as you finish your meal.
Say that STEP 02
[ ] the bill 1998 2010
2 65
WORKSHEET 8 300

1 disturb
2 the person who seats you the waiter the server
the check the bill 12 20%

1
disturb
2 him the person who seats you

it the check the bill

43
UNIT 15 ORGANIZER
1 Delaying

ANALYSIS 2 problems
3 superior

WORKSHEET
Stanford 4 1 relationship In contrast
2 studying that
3 a relationship between an ability to delay gratification
15 in preschool and excelling in adolescence
2 1
Walter Mischel relationship

In
contrast
Mischel 2 a psychologist studying

noticed
that
3
SAT a relationship between
an ability to delay gratification in preschool and excelling
Mischel in adolescence

PRACTICE
A superior B satisfaction 01 02 03

01

Culture Note
SAT Scholastic Aptitude Test

SAT
50
SAT Reasoning Test

44
 A B
position want A

improper
B

various
Our instincts tell us the higher we climb up the ladder,
the more stress we feel and the weaker our feeling of
safety.
the the

[Knowing {how iron behaves when left in conditions

WORKSHEET optimal to its continued, unchanged existence}] only
gives a partial view of its nature.
1 astounding
[ ]
2 Decades ago
gives { } Knowing
1
astounding
2 WORKSHEET
Decades ago
1 cook cooking
2 correct environment salmon iron
1 when be
cooking
to know
02 Knowing how iron behaves when left in
conditions optimal to its continued unchanged existence
gives
Radcliffe Richards 2

45
03 WORKSHEET
1 non-Western people
2 1 nutritional nutritionally
2 inferior nutritionally

1
2 inferior

STEP 01

15
A B
demands undernourished

But more often than not, diets change because of gratification

circumstances [associated with the objectives of
economic development {that are beyond the control STEP 02
of the local people}]. Walter Mischel
[ ] circumstances { }
the objectives of economic development
15
The result is that they spend much of their hard-earned
cash on foods [that are both costly and nutritionally
inferior {to feed their families}].
[ ] foods { }
to

follow-up survey

46
CHAPTER notion of what is cinema.

05
[ ] has influenced
the essential broad notion of what is cinema

UNIT 16
ORGANIZER
ANALYSIS 1 revenue
2 impact

George Lucas
George Lucas WORKSHEET
George Lucas 1 fund
Star Wars 2 bringing
3
Industrial Light and Magic ILM 1

fund
2 bring
bringing
3 Industrial Light and Magic ILM the company he
Chris Salewicz created to produce those impossible special effects
ILM became a source of revenue to help fund his other
George Lucas projects ILM

although who ANALYSIS

those although despite
Industrial Light and Magic ILM

another revenue stream to

in
through

He was able to produce merchandising tie-ins to his

movies, [thus bringing in another revenue stream to
fund his moviemaking].
[ ] He and thus
he brought in
At first directly through his own work and then via
the unparalleled influence of ILM, George Lucas
A to cry about anything
has influenced [for two decades] the essential broad
it

47
 B feel
that
C
to we it us
allows who
corporations allow
ORGANIZER
1 postponing to postpone The past couple of decades
2 avoid
3 urgency
encourage to

WORKSHEET
their spending their shoppers
1 1 postpone 2 vulnerable
their
2 because of because
that
3 because we must be willing to allow it sorrow to
that
overtake us
1 1
The past couple of decades have seen many
postpone
corporations joining with charities in what is called
2
“cause-related marketing” efforts, [in which a
vulnerable
corporation donates a certain percentage of its profits
2 because
from a particular item].
3
have seen see
many corporations joining

V-ing
V-p p [ ] cause-related marketing
PRACTICE efforts

01 02 03
WORKSHEET
1 A arrangement B receive
01 2 beneficial sell goods financial support helping
charities
1 A

arrangement
B
receive

2
beneficial
goods

48
sell financial
support discovering your authentic self
charities helping

03
02

without
A shines confidently question questioning
Some things they
B you manipulate
be manipulated which
C what avoid trying

because of
[Whatever binds you and keeps you from living your
truth] is false and can be shed.
[ ] whatever It’s important [to do your best when performing your
anything that job, cultivating your marriage, raising your children,
Yet to be uniquely you, to listen within and love and competing for the league bowling championship].
yourself for all of your weaknesses and missteps, is It [ ]
[what your soul longs for]. performing cultivating raising competing
[ ]

WORKSHEET WORKSHEET
1 Anything that 1 looking after
2 discovering your authentic self 2
1 whatever 1 raising
anything that looking after
2

49
2 this advice Always do your
best
STEP 01

1 Tim
2 Tim Mia Three Winners

3 Tim
4 Tim

5 Tim
6 Tim

be eager to do ~
judge
text message
filming

STEP 02
Tim Mia
Three Winners
Tim

50
 UNIT 17

ANALYSIS

Steven Pressfield
A
specific
B
impressed
C
accessible

A general
retains discards B indifferent
C vague
ORGANIZER
1 excuse ORGANIZER
2 protection 1 your teacher
3 loses 2 impress
4 safety 3 reader teacher

WORKSHEET WORKSHEET
1 was considered 1 responsibility
2 a warrior carries 2 that
3 Spear Shield 3 The quality and strength of my ideas
1 1
was considered responsibility
2 but a 2 What
warrior carries that
3
Spear Shield

ANALYSIS

51
 PRACTICE WORKSHEET
1 served that
01 02 03
2 1 disturbance 2 separate
1 facilitated and

01 served
that
2 1
disturbance
Yellowstone
2
separate

Culture Note
Scramble for Africa

02

maintained disrupted
10
10

Safeguarding animal populations in protected areas

[facilitated the control of access to wildlife] and [also
served to separate wildlife and domestic stock] ~. 7~8
[ ] and
Safeguarding animal populations in protected areas

A
[Since human influence was contradictory to the
low
wilderness ethic], the management ideal was to
B
isolate conservation areas, [keeping disturbance to a
massive
minimum] ~.
C 7 8
[ ] [ ]
slowly

If we [sit in a parking lot] and [run all our car’s

52
 accessories], ~ we can probably sap that battery in of the Chilean arpilleristas , [who told the story of
about ten minutes. political oppression on scraps of cloth].
If and [ ] the Chilean arpilleristas
[ ]
we These courageous artists were considered such a
It’s going to take seven or eight hours [to bring it all threat to the established government that they were
the way back up]. eventually banned in their own country.
It [ ] such that
that
WORKSHEET
1 take takes
2 emotional battery WORKSHEET
1 to recover properly from an emotionally draining 1 1 protest 2 depict
activity take takes 2
1 1
2 protest
emotional 2
depict
2
battery

Culture Note
03 arpilleristas
Augusto Pinochet

Marjorie Agosin
arpilleristas

Augusto Pinochet

support
threat

For example, Marjorie Agosin documented the case

53
 STEP 02

STEP 01

1
2

3
4

battle
punishment
run away
severely

54
CHAPTER

06
For Kuhn, science leaps forward [when contradictions
UNIT 18 {pile up} and {lead to giving up a dominant theory}].
[ ] { }
ANALYSIS and lead to
01 02

WORKSHEET
1 A is B welcoming
2 1 hypothesis 2 precede
3
Karl Popper Thomas Kuhn 1 A Accepting uncertainty
Popper is
B means taking seeing welcoming
Kuhn and
2 1
hypothesis
Tamsin Edwards
2
Nature precede
3 this point Accepting
uncertainty

ANALYSIS
01 02 03

01
A

02
C

39
distrustful
Dolly Dolly

55
 who understands
1 a sign a sign
B advertise V-ing

other another
little ball
another
2 D

PRACTICE

01 02 03 04
05

01 A
C 01~02
C 01 02
B

B
D

02 d
03 39
Sure

He will never be able to run and play with you like

these other dogs would.
would run and play with you

In doing so he revealed ~.
doing so rolling up one leg of his trousers

WORKSHEET
1 advertising another
2 I don’t run too well myself and he will need someone 01

56
 John Bowman
Stuart Diamond
Stuart
Ari Amanuel
Bowman

C
Stuart
02

Stuart

D
Stuart

Bowman
[Thinking he would make a great addition to the home
Stuart Stuart
office in Chicago], you offer him a job.
[ ] As you think he in Chicago

Rather, your employee would think primarily about

B Bowman
the interests of extended family members, [many of
whom probably would not want him to move].
[ ] extended family members

03 A Bowman Stuart
WORKSHEET
Stuart
1 what whom
Bowman C
2
Bowman
D
1 extended family members B
of who
04 b his Stuart Bowman
whom
2
05 Bowman Stuart

People like to give things to others [who listen to

03~05 them, who value them, who consult with them].
[ ] others who
03 04 05

A 2008

57
 WORKSHEET
1 royalties basic compensation
STEP 01
2 skeptical
1 those issues
1
2
2 skeptical
3

4
5

run away
missing
be reunited with ~

STEP 02

58
 WORD PLUS

03 certain 04 slight
UNIT 01 WORD PLUS
05 comfort 06 minor
TEST 07 virtually 08 awareness
01 02 09 learning 10 trait
03 04 11 trace 12 industry
05 06 13 achievement 14 capture
07 08 15 budget 16 expectation
09 10 17 specific 18 pollution
11 12 19 branch 20 investigation
13 14
15 16
UNIT 03 WORD PLUS
17 18
19 20 TEST
01 02
TEST
01 ancestor 02 translate 03 04

03 myth 04 verge 05 06

05 aware 06 present 07 08

07 start 08 genetic 09 10

09 inherit 10 generation 11 12

11 institution 12 confirm 13 14

13 radically 14 scratch 15 16

15 organize 16 infer 17 18

17 reflect 18 historical 19 20

19 successive 20 evolution TEST

01 addition 02 serve
UNIT 02 WORD PLUS 03 oversized 04 support
05 fund 06 shipping
TEST 07 order 08 sincere
01 02 09 customer 10 account
03 04 11 try 12 turn
05 06 13 mashed 14 lump
07 08 15 reputation 16 senior
09 10 17 knowledgeable 18 opinion
11 12 19 responsibility 20 confident
13 14
15 16
UNIT 04 WORD PLUS
17 18
19 20
TEST
TEST 01 02
01 long-term 02 creature 03 04

59
05 06 09 release 10 comfort
07 08 11 reformer 12 launch
09 10 13 suffrage 14 determined
11 12 15 credit 16 emblem
13 14 17 divisive 18 captain
15 16 19 Isles 20 minority
17 18
19 20
UNIT 06 WORD PLUS
TEST
01 wild 02 while TEST
03 fog 04 straight 01 02

05 noise 06 hopelessness 03 04

07 crime 08 window 05 06

09 pale 10 description 07 08

11 disposable 12 out 09 10

13 directly 14 belong 11

15 purse 16 identification 12

17 calm 18 bad 13 14

19 toward 20 daze 15 16
17 18
19 20
UNIT 05 WORD PLUS
TEST
TEST 01 step 02 advantage
01 02 03 shape 04 care
03 04 05 along 06 due
05 06 07 invasive 08 resolution
07 08 09 free 10 supervise
09 11 encourage 12 dig
10 13 save 14 purchase
11 12 15 enthusiast 16 case
13 14 17 preference 18 gap
15 16 19 periods 20 increasingly
17
18 19
UNIT 07 WORD PLUS
20

TEST TEST
01 conservative 02 renown 01 02
03 fade 04 repertoire 03 04
05 composer 06 fanciful 05 06
07 function 08 construct 07 08

60
09 10 17 affordable 18 consumer
11 12 19 term 20 reveal
13 14
15 16
UNIT 09 WORD PLUS
17 18
19 20 TEST
TEST 01 02

01 take 02 best 03 04

03 bare 04 reject 05 06

05 resent 06 article 07 08

07 advocate 08 value 09 10

09 discourage 10 dismiss 11 12

11 disappointed 12 available 13 14

13 stock 14 pair 15 16

15 note 16 balance 17 18

17 shelter 18 forward 19 20

19 emergency 20 stick TEST

01 get 02 aspiration
UNIT 08 WORD PLUS 03 checkmark 04 round
05 notice 06 common
TEST 07 capacity 08 stream
01 02 09 remarkable 10 favor
03 04 11 consequence 12 loyalty
05 06 13 tip 14 resources
07 08 15 immediate 16 line
09 10 17 lead 18 extraordinary
11 12 19 add 20 potential
13 14
15 16
UNIT 10 WORD PLUS
17 18
19 20
TEST
TEST 01 02
01 overlook 02 autonomy 03 04
03 infant 04 crucial 05 06
05 author 06 unfamiliar 07 08
07 characteristic 08 decade 09 10
09 luxury 10 contrast 11 12
11 strategy 12 confidence 13 14
13 responsibility 14 replace 15 16
15 abandon 16 regularity 17 18

61
19 20 TEST
01 02
TEST
03 04
01 belief 02 case
05 06
03 questionable 04 grounds
07 08
05 associate 06 sudden
09 10
07 unfamiliar 08 circuit
11
09 creative 10 collaborate
12 13
11 call 12 insecure
14 15
13 himself 14 house
16 17
15 expression 16 opposite
18 19
17 amount 18 half
20
19 do 20 turned
TEST
UNIT 11 WORD PLUS 01 straight 02 friction
03 grassy 04 velocity
TEST 05 club 06 prior
01 02 07 pop 08 gentry
03 04 09 afflict 10 era
05 06 11 uncertainty 12 life
07 08 13 hold 14 embark
09 10 15 set 16 versa
11 12 17 instrument 18 contact
13 14 19 discrimination 20 corrective
15 16
17 18 UNIT 13 WORD PLUS
19 20
TEST
TEST
01 02
01 equipped 02 innovation
03 04
03 secret 04 driving
05 06
05 difference 06 additional
07 08
07 delay 08 mental
09 10
09 off 10 conflict
11 12
11 ease 12 market
13 14
13 due 14 political
15 16
15 boom 16 birth
17 18
17 various 18 sewing
19 20
19 number 20 biological
TEST
UNIT 12 WORD PLUS 01 comes 02 grazing

62
03 up 04 wake 05 06
05 convenience 06 given 07 08
07 bother 08 make 09 10
09 time 10 point 11 12
11 adaptive 12 aggressive 13 14
13 regulate 14 feel like 15 16
15 pesticide 16 vast 17 18
17 eliminate 18 dual-use 19 20
19 defect 20 possibility
TEST
01 adolescence 02 participate
UNIT 14 WORD PLUS 03 initial 04 inferior
05 cope 06 trivial
TEST
07 gratification 08 instinct
01 02
09 stereotype 10 relentless
03 04
11 shareholder 12 profound
05 06
13 ladder 14 corporate
07 08
15 partial 16 optimal
09 10
17 improper 18 voluntary
11 12
19 concern 20 cash
13 14
15 16
UNIT 16 WORD PLUS
17 18
19 20
TEST
TEST 01 02
01 back 02 firm 03 04
03 sort 04 carry 05 06
05 confirm 06 field 07 08
07 vague 08 rest 09 10
09 present 10 average 11 12
11 involved 12 recognize 13 14
13 mischief 14 lay 15 16
15 snatch 16 bill 17
17 fill 18 impressed 18 19
19 disturb 20 seat 20

TEST
UNIT 15 WORD PLUS 01 effect 02 revenue
03 fund 04 impact
TEST
05 decade 06 acknowledgment
01 02
07 commercial 08 urgency
03 04

63
09 nonprofit 10 benefit 11 12
11 nominate 12 funding 13 14
13 purpose 14 rewarding 15 16
15 presence 16 authentic 17 18
17 misstep 18 commitment 19 20
19 self-worth 20 accept
TEST
01 refute 02 precede
UNIT 17 WORD PLUS 03 nail 04 leap
05 rub 06 deal
TEST
07 awkward 08 point
01 02
09 reach 10 attach
03 04
11 career 12 company
05 06
13 compelling 14 position
07 08
15 extended 16 supposed
09 10
17 substantive 18 aside
11 12
19 blame 20 sympathize
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20

TEST
01 penalty 02 citizenship
03 protection 04 communicate
05 specific 06 mind
07 flawless 08 crucial
09 manner 10 come
11 protected 12 aim
13 domestic 14 grounds
15 fuel 16 parking
17 draining 18 status
19 consciousness 20 structure

UNIT 18 PLUS

TEST
01 02
03 04
05 06
07 08
09 10

64