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Central Product Classification CPC Version 1 1
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Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Statistics Division

STATISTICAL PAPERS SERIES M NO.77,VER.I.I

Central Product
Classification (CPC)
Version 1.1

United Nations N e w York, 2004

 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and
environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main
interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic,
social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the
United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy
options; fii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovern-
mental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global chal-
lenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of trans-
lating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into
programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build
national capacities.

NOTE
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with
figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do
not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations
concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning
the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The designation “country” as used in the text of this report also refers, as appropriate,
to territories or areas.

ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/77/Ver.
1.1

UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION

Sales No. E.03.XVII.3

ISBN 92- 1- 1 6 1455-4

Enquiries should be directed to:

United Nations Publications

DC2-853
New York, NY 10017

E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright 0 United Nations, 2004

All rights reserved
 Preface
The Central Product Classification (CPC) constitutes a complete product classification covering
goods and services. It is intended to serve as an international standard for assembling and tabulating all
kinds of data requiring product detail, including industrial production, national accounts, service industries,
domestic and foreign commodity trade, international trade in services, balance of payments, consumption
and price statistics. Other basic aims are to provide a framework for international comparison and
promote harmonization of various types of statistics dealing with goods and services.

The first version of the CPC, the Provisional Central Product Classification, was published in
1990. This version was superseded by the Central Product Classification (CPC), Version 1.O, published
in 1998. In that publication particular attention was paid to the elaboration of the services part of the
classification. The present newly revised Central Product Classification (CPC), Version 1.I, represents a
further update to the CPC. Version 1.1 is intended to incorporate modifications due to recent changes in
economies worldwide and sustained technological advancement in the period since the development of
CPC Version 1.0. The continual revision of this classification is evidence of the commitment to
systematize the improvement of the classification over time, keeping it current and making it more
responsive to existing economic and technological reality while maintaining conceptual consistency.

The primary purpose of CPC Version 1.Iis to classify the goods and services that are the result
of production in any economy. This production is accounted for in the national accounts of countries and
can be measured and analysed using the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA). CPC Version 1.Iis
useful in studying transactions in goods and services in detail. It can also be used as a basis for
developing lists of goods and services for specific purposes, such as price statistics surveys, its primary
advantage being that it has met the criteria for serving as an international standard. It has broad
acceptance and can facilitate the maintenance of constant categories of products, both with regard to
character and definition. It can therefore serve as a framework for international comparison.

The present publication consists of seven parts. Part I contains the introduction, which provides
basic information on the conceptual background, purpose, principles and application of this classification.
Part II shows the broad structure of CPC, Version I.Iat the one- and two-digit levels. Part Ill contains the
detailed classification structure, showing, for sections 0 to 4, the correspondence with the Harmonized
System, as amended in 2002, and SITC, Rev.3 in separate columns for each subclass (five-digit
category) of CPC, Version 1.1; the principal industry of origin in terms of ISIC, Rev.3.1 is indicated
throughout. Part IV consists of the explanatory notes for categories in sections 5 to 9 of CPC, Version
1.I.Part V shows two alternative structures complementing the CPC. The first one shows an option for a
more detailed breakdown of financial services in the CPC, while the second one provides a structure for
classifying physical outputs of the construction sector, complementing CPC division 54 on construction
services. Part VI contains a table of changes in sections 0 to 4 of CPC, Version 1.I, providing a list of
categories affected by change from the CPC, Version 1.0. It also includes correspondences between
versions 1.O and 1.Iof the classification, as well as between the Provisional CPC and CPC, Version 1.I.
Part VII includes an English alphabetical index to sections 5 to 9 of CPC, Version 1.1. The detailed
structure, explanatory notes, correspondence tables and alphabetical index of CPC, Version 1.I are
posted on the international economic and social classifications web site at
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class. The Provisional CPC and versions 1.O and 1.Iof the CPC are also
available in electronic format, upon request, from the United Nations Statistics Division.

iii
This page intentionally left blank
 CONTENTS

Paragraphs Page

PREFACE............................................................................................................... iii

.
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION

Chapter

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND REVISION............................................. 1-14 3

A . Historical background.............................................................................. 1-10 3
B. The 2002 update to Version 1.0.............................................................. 1 1 -14 5
II . UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF THE CLASSIFICATION............................. 15 .33 6
A . Purpose and nature of the classification.................................................. 15-19 6

B. Principles used in constructing the CPC ................................................. 20 .26 7

C. Goods and services in the CPC .............................................................. 27 .28 8

D. Goods and services in the System of National Accounts ........................ 29 .30 9

E. Coding system of the classification ......................................................... 31 -33 9

Ill . APPLICATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION................................................... 34 .39 10

A . Use of different levels of the classification............................................... 34 10

B. Using the CPC in establishing national classifications of products.......... 35 .38 10

C. Support for users of the CPC .................................................................. 39 11

IV. RELATIONSHIP OF THE CPC TO OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS.................. 40 .59 11

A . Relationship to the International Standard Industrial Classification of all

Economic Activities ................................................................................. 40 .41 11

B. Relationship to the Harmonized System ................................................. 42 .48 11

C. Relationship to the Standard International Trade Classification .............. 49 .50 13

D. Relationship to other classifications and standards................................. 51 -59 13

V
 Paragraphs Page

V. INTERPRETATIONOF THE CPC SYSTEM.................................................. 60 - 83 16

A. Rules of interpretation ............................................................................. 60 - 64 16

B. Explanatory notes.................................................................................... 65 - 67 18

C. Alphabetical index to the classification .................................................... 68 - 69 19

D. Correspondence between revisions ........................................................ 70 - 72 19

E. Summary of main changes...................................................................... 73 - 82 19

F. Future work ............................................................................................. 83 21

PART TWO. BROAD STRUCTURE: SECTIONS AND DIVISIONS OF CPC VERSION 1.I

: broad structure..................................................................
CPC, Version 1.I 25

PART THREE. DETAILED STRUCTURE AND CORRESPONDENCES OF CPC VERSION 1.1

SUBCLASSES TO ISIC, REV. 3.1, HARMONIZED SYSTEM (2002), AND SITC, REV. 3

: detailed structure and correspondences...........................

CPC, Version 1.I 31

PART FOUR. EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR SECTIONS 5-9 OF CPC VERSION 1.I

: explanatory notes..............................................................
CPC, Version I.I 149

PART FIVE. ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURES

I. ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURE FOR DIVISION 71 .......................................... 279

II. LIST OF CONSTRUCTIONS.......................................................................... 293

PART SIX. CORRESPONDENCE TABLES BETWEEN CPC, VERSION 1.1 AND PREVIOUS
VERSIONS

Introduction..................................................................................................... 301

I. CPC, VERSION 1.I: CHANGES TO SECTIONS 0-4: LIST OF AFFECTED

CODES........................................................................................................... 303
vi
II. CORRESPONDENCEOF CPC, VERSION 1.0 TO CPC, VERSION 1.1:
CHANGES TO SECTIONS 5-9 ...................................................................... 319

111. CORRESPONDENCEOF CPC, VERSION 1.I TO CPC, VERSION 1.O:

CHANGES TO SECTIONS 5-9 ...................................................................... 331

IV. CORRESPONDENCEOF PROVISIONAL CPC TO CPC, VERSION I.1,

SECTIONS 5-9 ............................................................................................... 343
V. CORRESPONDENCE OF CPC, VERSION 1.ITO PROVISIONAL CPC,
SECTIONS 5-9 ............................................................................................... 465

PART SEVEN. ENGLISH ALPHABETICAL INDEX FOR SECTIONS 5 9 OF CPC VERSION 1.1 -
CPC, Version I.I- alphabetical Index............................................................ 593

vii
The following abbreviations are used in this volume:

AC alternating current
BTN Brussels Tariff Nomenclature
BEC Classification by Broad Economic Categories
ccc Customs Cooperation Council
CCCN Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature
cg centigram
cm centimetre
CPA Classification of Products by Activity
CPC Central Product Classification
CPU central processing unit
CVD chemical vapour decomposition
DC direct current
DSL digital subscriber line
DVD digital video disc
EDP electronic data processing
ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio
EUROSTAT Statistical Office of the European Communities
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GPS Global Positioning System
HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System)
IMF International Monetary Fund
IP lntemet protocol
ISDN integrated services digital network
ISlC International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities
ISP lntemet service provider
kg kilogram
MDS Multipoint Distribution Service
mm millimetre
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
n.8.c. not elsewhere classified
NACE General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the European Communities
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
PCS Personal communications service
PSTN public switched telephone network
PVD physical vapour deposition
SINAP Integrated System of Classification of Activities and Products
SITC Standard Intemational Trade Classification
SMS short message services
TSA Tourism Satellite Account
V volt
VAT value added tax
vol. volume
VPN virtual private network
VSAT very small aperture terminal
W watt
wco World Customs Organization
WTO World Trade Organization

viii
 PART ONE

INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL PRODUCT CLASSIFICATION

This page intentionally left blank
 Historical background and revision

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND REVISION

A. HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

1. The Central Product Classification originated from initiatives in the early 1970s to harmonize
international classifications. In the follow-up to those initiatives, a standard classification of all products
was perceived as a key element. At the seventeenth session of the Statistical Commission in 1972,' the
twenty-first session of the Conference of European Statisticians in 1973 and in meetings of members of
both bodies with the secretariats of international organizations, there was general agreement on the need
to improve harmonization among the various classifications prepared under the auspices of the United
Nations and other international bodies, in economic and other fields.

2. With regard to the preconditions for creating a comprehensive classification of all goods and services,
an important development took place in the 1970s. The Customs Cooperation Council (CCC) revised its
nomenclature (CCCN) and extended its four-digit system to a six-digit system. As a result, a new
nomenclature called the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS, or Harmonized
System) was adopted in 1983 and entered into force on 1 January 1988.~ The Statistical Office of the
United Nations Secretariat participated in its development, mainly in order to ensure that the
disaggregations applied in the Harmonized System were, to the extent possible, consistent with the
Standard lnternational Trade Classification (SITC)~of the United Nations and the industrial origin of the
goods.

3. Based on the recommendations of an expert group convened by the United Nations Secretariat, the
Statistical Commission at its nineteenth session in 1976~approved a programme to harmonize the
existing activity classifications of the United Nations, the European Communities and the Council for
Mutual Economic Assistance and to simultaneously develop a system of different, but interrelated,
classifications of economic activities and goods and services. The new classification covering both goods
and services (products) - the Central Product Classification (CPC) - was intended to provide a basic tool
in this programme. The proposed product classification would use the detailed subheadings of the
Harmonized System as building blocks for the part dealing with transportable goods and would take into
account the basic categories of economic supply and use as specified in the System of National
Accounts, such as intermediate consumption, final consumption, capital formation, and imports and
exports5 The Statistical Commission endorsed the programme and supported its continuation at
subsequent sessions, with the provision that existing systems maintain their essential character!

1
Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, Fiw-fourth Session, Supplement No. 2 (E/5236), para. 104.
* Customs Cooperation Council, The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Brussels, 1983).
Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 2, Statistical Papers Series M, No. 34, Rev.2 (United
Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.XV11.6).
OfJcial Records of the Economic and Social Council, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 2 (El591O),
para. l28(c).
A System of National Accounts, Studies in Methods Series F, No. 2, Rev.3 (United Nations publication, Sales
No. E.69.XV11.3).
Offical Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1981, Supplement No. 2 (El198l/l2), para. 87; Official
Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1983, Supplement No. 2 (E11983/12), para. 75(a); Offcial
Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1985, Supplement No. 6 (Ell 985126), paras. 45 and 57(a); and
Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1987, Supplement No. 6 (Ell 98711g), para. 75(a).
CPC, Version 1.l

4. During the period 1977-1987, the Statistical Office of the United Nations Secretariat and the
Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT) convened six meetings of the Joint
Working Group on World Level Classifications for the purpose of developing an Integrated System of
Classification of Activities and Products (SINAP) to serve as an interim classification. The categories of
SINAP were intended to be used as building blocks for the second revision of the International Standard
lndustrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC),~ the General lndustrial Classification of
Economic Activities within the European Communities (NACE),~and for related classifications of goods
and services. The Joint Working Group also contributed proposals on the relationship between the
SlTC and the CPC.

5. During the period 1983-1988, the Statistical Office of the United Nations Secretariat organized a
series of expert group meetings dealing with economic classifications. Representatives from countries
in different parts of the world and at various stages of development were present at the meetings, as
were those from regional commissions and international organizations. The main task of the meetings
was to review the drafts of the ISIC, Rev.3 and the CPC, which had been prepared by the Statistical
~ffice.~

6. The first complete draft of the CPC was reviewed by the Statistical Commission at its twenty-fourth
session in 1987.'' On the recommendation of the Commission, work on the CPC continued in
conjunction with a number of international organizations, in particular EUROSTAT and the Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The development of service classifications and
related explanatory notes for service products was the main item on the agenda at the early meetings of
the Voorburg Group on Service ~tatistics." In 1987 and 1988 the Joint Working Group on World Level
Classifications and a United Nations expert group meeting reviewed subsequent drafts of the CPC.
The Expert Group on Harmonization of Economic Classifications recommended that the acronym "CPC"
for "Central Product Classification" be included in the title, regardless of language, to facilitate
international recognition when referring to the clas~ification.'~

7. The Statistical Commission, at its twenty-fifth session in 1989, considered the final draft and
approved its publication as a provisional document.13 The Commission recommended that Member
States start testing the Provisional Central Product Classification in order to gain experience in
obtaining internationally comparable data on goods and services.

8. The Provisional Central Product Classification was published by the United Nations in 1991.l4The
experience of national and international users provided a sound basis for its subsequent revision. The

lnternational Standard lndustrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers Series M. No. 4,
Rev.2 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.68.XV11.8).
General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the European Communities (Luxembourg,
Statistical Office of the European Communities, 1970).
See the report of the Secretary-General on the Revision and harmonization of internationaleconomic
classifications (E/CN.31198918), paras. 4, 5 and 7.
Offcial Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1987, Supplement No. 6 (Ell 987119). para. 58.
l1 EH987119, para. 72; and EICN.31198918, para. 9.
'* See Provisional Central Product Classification,Statistical Papers Series M, No. 77 (United Nations
publication, Sales No. E.91.XV11.7), para. 8.
l3 Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1989, Supplement No. 3 (Ell 989/2l), paras. 95(b) and (f).
l4 Provisional Central Product Classification,Statistical Papers Series M, No. 77 (United Nations publication,
Sales No. E.91.XV11.7).
 Historical background and revision

experience gained by the European Economic Community in the development of the Statistical
Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) was also taken into a~count.'~

9. The Provisional CPC was revised, updated and finalized, and presented for adoption to the United
Nations Statistics Division as the Central Product Classification (CPC), Version 1.O. The Central Product
Classification (CPC) Version 1.0 was published in 1998'~in response to the need to update and revise
parts of the provisional version. Particular attention was paid to the part of the classification concerning
services in order to ensure that the structure of the CPC adequately reflected new technologies and
growth in the services sector of the economy. In addition, the goods part of the Provisional CPC and the
Standard lnternational Trade Classification (SITC, ~ev.3)' were revised in accordance with the 1996
edition of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) 18.

10. The Statistical Commission at its thirtieth session,lg recommended that the Expert Group on
lnternational Economic and Social Classifications should be the central coordinating body for
implementing the proposed work programme on statistical classifications, and that its tasks should include
classification revisions, practical proposals to bring about convergence of existing international and
multinational classifications and a review of the underlying principles. The Expert Group, at its meeting in
New York from 15 to 17 November 1999, approved the establishment of a Technical Subq;oup to the
Expert Group. This Technical Subgroup was asked to take action to update CPC, Version 1.0 .

B. THE2002 UPDATE TO VERSION 1.O

11. The Technical Subgroup was set up to carry out technical, analytical and exploratory tasks in the
further development of the CPC, resulting in the development of the new classification, CPC, Version l.l.
Development of the CPC Version 1.lconsisted of several stages, leading to its approval by the Statistical
Commission at its thirty-third session. First, the members of the Technical Subgroup discussed the
shortcomings of CPC, Version 1.0 based on feedback from users of the classification, then considered
and finalized the draft of CPC, Version 1.l. This draft was then widely circulated to a number of national
statistical offices and regional and international agencies for comment. Recommendations for change
were taken into consideration before the classification was completed and submitted to the Statistical
Commission at its thirty-third session in 2002.

12. The members of the Technical Subgroup made significant contributions to updating and further
developing CPC, Version 1.l, with Statistics Canada playing the key coordinating role in the process.
Without the valuable voluntary contributions of the statistical agencies of Australia, Austria, Canada,
France and the United States of America; the lnternational Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for

l 5 Council Regulation (EEC) No. 3696193 on the statistical classification of products by activity (CPA) in the
European Economic Community (European Economic Community, 1993).
l6 Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 1.0, Statistical Papers Series M, No. 77, Ver.1 .O (United
Nations publication, Sales No. E.98.XV11.5)
' Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3, Statistical Papers Series M, No. 34, Rev.3 (United
Nations publication, Sales No. E.86.XV11.12 and corrigenda).
l8 World Customs Organization, The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, 1996 version
Brussels, 1996) and amendments.
I9 Offcial Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1999 (E11999124). para. 1O8(b).
*' See Report of the Secretary-General on InternationalEconomic and Social Classifications (ElCN.312000117),
annex.
CPC, Version 1.1

Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Statistical Office of the European
Communities (EUROSTAT); and statistical offices of a number of other countries, it would not have been
possible to complete this task.

13. The CPC was used as a source in the preparation of the General Agreement on Trade in Services
(GATS).~'In addition, a correspondence table linking (a) the Extended Balance of Payments Services
(EBOPS) classification; (b) the CPC; and (c) the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
Services Sectoral Classification list (GNSNVI120) is included as an annex to the first Manual on Statistics
of lnternational Trade in prepared by the Task Force on Statistics of lnternational Trade in
Services. As a result of these collaborative efforts, the United Nations Statistics Division and the
Technical Subgroup have established a close working relationship with the lnternational Monetary Fund
and the World Trade Organization (WTO) secretariat.

14. The focus in the round of revisions for 2002 was to incorporate all of the necessary changes to CPC,
Version 1.0 that had occurred since its official use began in 1998. Among these were the recommended
changes in selected parts of the classification relating to services, including the updates and errata as
compiled in the Classifications Registry, which are regularly posted on the United Nations international
economic and social classifications web site at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/class. A major initiative was to
update both the part of the CPC, Version 1.0 concerning goods and the Standard lnternational Trade
Classification (SITC, Rev.3) in accordance with the 2002 edition of the Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System (HS2002). These changes and the necessary corrections in the
correspondence with the lnternational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC
~ ~ incorporated into the present version of the CPC in sections 0 to 4 and are summarized
Rev. 3 . 1 1 were
below in part VI, "Correspondence tables". However, apart from these limited changes, no overall review
or revision of Sections 0 to 4 of either the Provisional Central Product Classification or the Central Product
Classification, Version 1.0 has been undertaken in CPC, Version 1.l

II. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES OF THE CLASSIFICATION

A. PURPOSEAND NATURE OF THE CLASSIFICATION

15. The main purpose of the Central Product Classification is to provide a framework for the international
comparison of statistics dealing with products and to serve as a guide for developing or revising existing
classification schemes for products in order to make them compatible with international standards. The
CPC was developed primarily to enhance harmonization among various fields of economic and related
statistics and to strengthen the role of national accounts as an instrument for the coordination of economic
statistics. It provides a basis for recompiling basic statistics from their original classifications into a
standard classification for analytical use.

16. The CPC constitutes a comprehensive classification of all goods and services. With regard to
services, before the development of the CPC, no international classification covering the whole spectrum
of outputs of the various service industries and serving the different analytical needs of statistical and

*' World Trade Organization, Services sectoral classification list (MTN.GNSBVI120).

22 Manual on Statistics of lnternational Trade in Services, Statistical Papers Series M, No. 86 (United Nations
publication, Sales No. E.02.XVII.11).
23 lnternational Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Statistical Papers Series M, No.4,
Rev. 3.1 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.XV11.4).
 Underlying principles of the classification

other users was available. As a general-purpose classification, the CPC provides less detail than other
specific classification systems in areas or applications for which such systems are available, for example
the Harmonized System for international commodity trade statistics.

17. The CPC presents categories for all products that can be the object of domestic or international
transactions or that can be entered into stocks. It includes products that are an output of economic
activity, including transportable goods, non-transportable goods and services. The CPC in general
follows the definition of products within the SNA. A few deviations from this standard have been accepted
to allow for the maintenance of links to other product classifications and to address needs for statistics in
other frameworks. Assets that were previously included in the CPC have been removed and will be
incorporated into a future comprehensive classification of assets.

18. The CPC, as a standard central product classification, was developed to serve as an instrument for
assembling and tabulating all kinds of statistics requiring product detail. Such statistics may cover
production, intermediate and final consumption, capital formation, foreign trade or prices. They may refer
to commodity flows, stocks or balances and may be compiled in the context of input-output tables,
balance-of-payments and other analytical presentations.

19. It is hoped that, in the long run, the CPC will contribute to a reduction in the number of product
classifications used internationally. As a general-purpose product classification, it provides guidelines for
future product-type classifications for specific areas of the economy. Such specific classifications should
be compatible with the general framework of the CPC so as to ensure comparability of data.

B. PRINCIPLESUSED IN CONSTRUCTING THE CPC

20. The CPC, covering all goods and services, is a system of categories that are both exhaustive and
mutually exclusive. This means that if a product does not fit into one CPC category, it must automatically
fit into another. Consistent with the other principles used, homogeneity within categories is maximized.
The CPC classifies products based on the physical properties and the intrinsic nature of the products as
well as on the principle of industrial origin.

21. Each subclass in sections 0 to 4 of the CPC is defined as the equivalent of one heading or
subheading or the aggregation of several headings or subheadings of the Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System, a classification of the World Customs Organization. The Harmonized
System uses primarily the physical property criterion for classifying goods. With the Harmonized System
already in use in many countries for international trade statistics and in some countries for production
statistics, the introduction of the CPC in those countries is facilitated.

22. The physical properties and intrinsic nature of products are distinguishing characteristics that are
proper to the products themselves. These include, for example, the raw materials of which goods are
made, the stage of production or the way in which goods are produced or services rendered, the purpose
or user category for which products are intended and the prices at which they are sold.

23. The importance of the industrial origin of goods and services was underscored by the attempt to
group into one CPC subclass mainly the products that are the output of a single industry. Through their
linkage to the criterion of industrial origin, the input structure, technology and organization of production
characteristics of products are also reflected in the structure of the CPC. The industrial origin of products
Other documents randomly have
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 Design - Quick Reference
Fall 2023 - Faculty

Prepared by: Teaching Assistant Miller

Date: August 12, 2025

Appendix 1: Fundamental concepts and principles

Learning Objective 1: Practical applications and examples
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 2: Literature review and discussion
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 3: Case studies and real-world applications
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Learning Objective 4: Case studies and real-world applications
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Learning Objective 5: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Ethical considerations and implications
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 7: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 8: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 8: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 9: Practical applications and examples
• Historical development and evolution
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Appendix 2: Assessment criteria and rubrics
Example 10: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 11: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Current trends and future directions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 13: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 14: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 15: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 16: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 16: Experimental procedures and results
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Abstract 3: Comparative analysis and synthesis
Example 20: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 21: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Example 22: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 24: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Important: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 27: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Module 4: Literature review and discussion
Practice Problem 30: Key terms and definitions
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 31: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Study tips and learning strategies
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 34: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 37: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Study tips and learning strategies
• Theoretical framework and methodology
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Practical applications and examples
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Example 39: Key terms and definitions
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Test 5: Learning outcomes and objectives
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Research findings and conclusions
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Current trends and future directions
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 44: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Statistical analysis and interpretation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Remember: Experimental procedures and results
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 48: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 49: Historical development and evolution
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Section 6: Ethical considerations and implications
Practice Problem 50: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Ethical considerations and implications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Research findings and conclusions
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 52: Experimental procedures and results
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Case studies and real-world applications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 54: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 55: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Practice Problem 55: Experimental procedures and results
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Practice Problem 56: Practical applications and examples
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 57: Research findings and conclusions
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 58: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Best practices and recommendations
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Review 7: Learning outcomes and objectives
Important: Literature review and discussion
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 61: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Historical development and evolution
• Critical analysis and evaluation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Definition: Research findings and conclusions
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Case studies and real-world applications
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Definition: Best practices and recommendations
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 66: Best practices and recommendations
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 67: Experimental procedures and results
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 68: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 68: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 69: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Part 8: Interdisciplinary approaches
Remember: Practical applications and examples
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 71: Practical applications and examples
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 72: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Experimental procedures and results
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Practical applications and examples
• Interdisciplinary approaches
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Key terms and definitions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Experimental procedures and results
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Note: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Literature review and discussion
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Research findings and conclusions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Chapter 9: Current trends and future directions
Practice Problem 80: Practical applications and examples
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 81: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Example 81: Experimental procedures and results
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Assessment criteria and rubrics
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 83: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Definition: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 84: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Theoretical framework and methodology
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Note: Best practices and recommendations
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Literature review and discussion
• Problem-solving strategies and techniques
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
Key Concept: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Statistical analysis and interpretation
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Ethical considerations and implications
• Practical applications and examples
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Experimental procedures and results
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Background 10: Fundamental concepts and principles
Important: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Remember: Learning outcomes and objectives
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
[Figure 92: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Key Concept: Current trends and future directions
• Literature review and discussion
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Note: Assessment criteria and rubrics
• Learning outcomes and objectives
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Formula: [Mathematical expression or equation]
Key Concept: Problem-solving strategies and techniques
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 95: Fundamental concepts and principles
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Example 96: Study tips and learning strategies
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 97: Literature review and discussion
• Best practices and recommendations
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
[Figure 98: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
Remember: Comparative analysis and synthesis
• Key terms and definitions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 99: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Discussion 11: Theoretical framework and methodology
Example 100: Study tips and learning strategies
• Case studies and real-world applications
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Important: Current trends and future directions
• Fundamental concepts and principles
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Key Concept: Ethical considerations and implications
• Current trends and future directions
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Practice Problem 103: Critical analysis and evaluation
• Comparative analysis and synthesis
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
- Note: Important consideration
Definition: Interdisciplinary approaches
• Study tips and learning strategies
- Sub-point: Additional details and explanations
- Example: Practical application scenario
[Figure 105: Diagram/Chart/Graph]
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