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Mastering React

Master the art of building modern web applications

using React

Adam Horton
Ryan Vice

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Mastering React

Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy
of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is
sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt
Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: February 2016

Production reference: 1170216

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78355-856-8
www.packtpub.com
 Credits

Authors Project Coordinator

Adam Horton Judie Jose
Ryan Vice
Proofreader
Reviewer Safis Editing
Tung Dao
Indexer
Commissioning Editor Mariammal Chettiyar
Veena Pagare
Graphics
Acquisition Editor Disha Haria
Kirk D'costa
Production Coordinator
Content Development Editor Nilesh Mohite
Rashmi Suvarna
Cover Work
Technical Editor Nilesh Mohite
Vivek Pala

Copy Editor
Neha Vyas
 Foreword
We've all heard the old phrase, "Don't reinvent the wheel."

On the surface, I understand the wisdom of this ancient idiom, especially in the
way it relates to software craftsmanship. Programmers are expected to always
work within known patterns and get it shipped as fast as possible. We have so
many words in software engineering to disparage the act of seemingly needless
experimentation and rework—stop yak shaving, bikeshedding, gold plating,
tinkering, configuring, fiddling, experimenting, reworking, or creating special
snowflake architectures. Also, we have heard "stop chasing waterfalls and stick to
the rivers and lakes that you're used to." Indeed, the noblest of software developers
proudly stand on the shoulders of giants by implementing best practices and
established standards. By contrast, the epitome of software self-indulgence is a shop
with Not Invented Here Syndrome. Stick to the plan, stay focused, stop wasting time,
and do what we already know works.

If ever a community of software developers rejected the total adoption of this

worldview, it is the serious practitioners of JavaScript. The constantly moving
target of browser capability, the never-ending inflow of developers with varied
backgrounds, and the ever-evolving standards of JavaScript itself conspire to forge
an expectation of mutability in the stack.

Reinvention is commonplace and always has been. When interacting with the DOM
on a browser was problematic, a target for reinvention was set. Sizzle, jQuery, and
eventually the native implementation, querySelectorAll, were born of a fundamental
dissatisfaction with existing standards. From the ashes of the best practice of XML,
JSON ascended as the dominant standard for web communication. Download a
JavaScript framework today, and it could be using any number of patterns. Look
upon the wheels of varying shapes and sizes: MVVM, MVC, MVW, MVP, Chain
of Responsibility, PubSub, Event-Driven, Declarative, Functional, Object-Oriented,
Modules, Prototypes. There is no one true way to architect a program. Furthermore,
even a cursory glance at the world of preprocessors, such as CoffeeScript, LiveScript,
Babel, Typescript, and ArnoldC, proves that developers are feverishly reinventing
even JavaScript itself. Nothing is sacred, and perhaps that is why JavaScript has
progressed so rapidly.
I remember the first time I learned about React. I was attending a fairly well-known
conference in San Francisco, and during lunch, I had the fortune of sitting next to
some developers from Facebook and Khan Academy, who made for some lively
conversation. At the time, the most popular tools were Ember, Backbone, and—of
course—Angular (there were something to the tune of thirty talks on that topic at the
conference). We began to discuss the pros and cons of the existing tooling, and some
of the difficulties, we felt, were because of the prevailing opinions on how to abstract
a web application. It was then that the person sitting next to me said, "Perhaps
you should join the React family," and he invited me to see his one and only talk
that day. Of course, I went. It ended up being the most valuable (and at the time,
controversial) presentation I attended.

This lunchtime conversationalist, who had introduced himself as Pete Hunt, turned
out to be a core contributor to a new way of thinking about web applications. I
attended his talk and knew immediately that I was looking upon the next great
reinvention of the wheel in JavaScript. Normal two-way data binding techniques
were eschewed for a clearer one-way data flow, and the standard MVC pattern of
application organization had been rethought and re-forged into actions, stores, and
dispatchers. However, the most interesting and radical feature of React was its way
of dealing with the troublesome DOM—completely and unapologetically rebuilding
it from the ground up in JavaScript.

If you've picked up this book, you are already interested in the future of JavaScript.
This recurring theme of reinvention has been more relevant than ever in the last few
years. React, ES6, modern build systems, scaffolding, and many more are the new
tools populating the JavaScript landscape. This book is important because it teaches
React alongside this modern ecosystem. After reading this book, you'll understand
the principles needed to plan, design, and, ultimately, write a real application.

I can think of no better teacher for this exciting journey into the frontier of
application design than Adam. I first met him when I was a student and have
since had the pleasure of seeing him speak at Thunder Plains, a conference focused
on the latest and greatest in the world of web development. He presented a
whimsical collection of his personal projects, such as a lander game-based midpoint
displacement and a completely rebuilt 3D ray casting engine in vanilla JavaScript.

Adam is a unique flavor of programmer. He works like a scientist, tinkerer, and

craftsman. He is neither afraid to rebuild an existing system to better understand it,
nor is he afraid to experiment in new ways to seek better ways of achieving his goals.
When navigating these exciting new happenings in the world of JavaScript, you need
a guide that encourages critical thinking, exploration, and discovery.
Your other guide is Ryan Vice, who has, over the years, thrice held the title of
Microsoft MVP, published books on enterprise architecture, spoken frequently at
industry events, and worked in the battle-hardened trenches of software development.
More importantly though, Ryan created his own shop, Vice Software LLC, that puts
React at the center of their webstack to solve their problems. His real-world experience
in production of React projects qualifies him as an excellent teacher to help you on
your way to building your own applications on the bleeding-edge of the web.

Reinventing the wheel is necessary. If you disagree, then I challenge you to attach to
your car the first wheels ever invented. Stick to your convictions and roll mirthfully
along the highway propelled by cumbersome stone disks. I will be dreaming of
flying cars and betting on JavaScript.

Jesse Harlin

http://jesseharlin.net/

JavaScript Architect and Community Leader

 About the Authors

Adam Horton is an avid retro gamer as well as a creator, destroyer, and rebuilder
of all things Web, computing, and gaming. He started his career as a firmware
developer for the high-end Superdome server division at Hewlett Packard. There, the
JavaScript and C he wrought directed the power, cooling, health, and configuration
of those behemoth devices. Since then, he has been a web developer for PayPal,
utilizing cross-domain JavaScript techniques with an emphasis on user identity.
Lately, at ESO Solutions, he's a lead JavaScript developer for next-generation, pre-
hospital electronic health record (EHR) field collection applications.

Adam believes in an inclusive, ubiquitous, and open Web. He values pragmatism

and practice over dogma in the design and implementation of computing
applications and education.

I'd like to thank my wife for her enduring patience and support. She
is the wind at my back that presses forward all of my endeavors,
including this book. I'd also like to thank my parents for constantly
fueling a stray rocket of a child while he tuned his guidance system.

Ryan Vice is the founder and chief architect of Vice Software, which specializes
in practical, tailored solutions for clients, whether they are looking to get their MVP
to market or modernize existing applications. On top of offering more competitive
prices across the board, Vice Software offers skill-based pricing, which means you
only pay architect rates when needed and pay much lower production rates for
simpler feature work. Ryan has also been awarded Microsoft's MVP award three
times, has published one other book on software architecture, and frequently speaks
at conferences and events in Texas. Additionally, Ryan is lucky enough to be married
to his wife, Heather, and spends most of his free time trying to keep up with their
three kids, Grace, Dylan, and Noah.
 About the Reviewer

Tung Dao is a full-stack developer with several years of experience building

websites and services.

Currently, he works as a software engineer at FPT Software, Vietnam, where he

builds RESTful web services involving NoSQL and Elasticsearch. In his free time, he
is busy building web apps in Clojure/Go or hacking his Raspberry Pi.

Nowadays, his front-end work is mostly done in ClojureScript/Reagent (React

binding in Clojure). Working over a binding did hide some of the great ideas in
React. This book is a refresher to him, as he works with the next generation of
JavaScript (ES6) and the re-explorer core React philosophy.

Many thanks to the authors and the staff at Packt Publishing for all
their hard work and support.
 www.PacktPub.com

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 Table of Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1: Introduction to React 1
Hello React 1
JSX 6
How it works 6
Decompiling JSX 8
Structure of render result 9
props 11
How it works 12
propTypes 13
getDefaultProps 15
state 16
How it works 17
Summary 18
Chapter 2: Component Composition and Lifecycle 19
How to compose simple components 19
Composing components with behavior 21
How it works 23
Accessing a component's children 27
Component lifecycle - mounting and unmounting 32
Component lifecycle – updating events 35
How it works 38
Summary 41
Chapter 3: Dynamic Components, Mixins, Forms, and More JSX 43
Dynamic components 43
How it works 45
Mixins 47
How it works 49
[i]
Table of Contents

Forms 51
Controlled components - the read-only input 51
How it works 52
Controlled components - the read and write input 52
How it works 53
Isn't that harder than it needs to be? 54
Controlled components – a simple form 55
How it works 57
But what about the best practices? 58
Refactoring the form to be data driven 59
How it works 60
Validation 60
Validation types 61
The react-validation-mixin example 62
Summary 75
Chapter 4: Anatomy of a React Application 77
What is a single-page application? 78
Three aspects of a SPA design 79
Build systems 80
Choosing a build system 81
Module systems 83
CSS preprocessors 85
Compiling the modern JS syntax and JSX templates 85
Front-end architecture components 86
The front-end router 87
Front-end models 87
Views, view models, and view controllers 88
Messaging and eventing 88
Other utility needs 88
The application design 89
Creating wireframes 90
Main data entities and the API 92
Main views, site map, and routes 93
Summary 94
Chapter 5: Starting a React Application 95
Application design 95
Creating wireframes 95
User-related views 96
Post-related views 98
Data entities 99
Main views and the sitemap 100
Preparing the development environment 101
Installing Node and its dependencies 101
Installing and configuring Webpack 103

[ ii ]
 Table of Contents

The Webpack configuration 104

Considerations before starting 109
React and rendering 109
Starting the app 111
The directory structure 111
The mock database 112
index.html 112
js/app.jsx 113
Main views 115
Linking views with React Router 116
Summary 118
Chapter 6: React Blog App Part 1 – Actions and Common
Components 119
Reflux actions 120
Reusable components and base styles 121
Base styles 121
Inputs and loading indicator 125
The BasicInput component 125
The loader component 126
The application header 128
Summary 128
Chapter 7: React Blog App Part 2 – Users 129
Code manifest 130
Application runtime configuration 131
Mixins and dependencies 131
Reading and writing cookies 131
The form utilities mixin 132
User-related stores 135
The session context store 135
The user store 137
User views 139
The log in view 139
The create user view 141
Mixins and lifecycle methods 146
The user profile image 147
Form validation and submission 147
The user view component 149
The user list view 150
The user view 152
Other affected views 152
The app header 152
Summary 153

[ iii ]
Table of Contents

Chapter 8: React Blog App Part 3 – Posts 155

Code manifest 155
The posts store 156
Post views 158
Post create/edit 158
Mixins and lifecycle methods 163
Form submission 164
The post view 164
The post list component 169
The post list view 171
Other affected views 172
The user view 172
Summary 173
Chapter 9: React Blog App Part 4 – Infinite Scroll and Search 175
Infinite scroll loading 176
Infinite scroll code manifest 177
Modifying the posts store 177
Modifying the post list component 180
Searching posts 184
Search feature code manifest 184
The search store 185
Modifying the posts store 185
Modifying the application header 188
Modifying the post list component 190
Final thoughts 193
Suggested improvements 193
Level up the blog app 194
Moving forward 194
Chapter 10: Animation in React 195
Animation terms 196
CSS transitions using class switching 196
JavaScript code 197
CSS source 198
Animating DOM enter and exit 199
Popover menus 200
JavaScript source 200
CSS source 202
List filtering 205
JavaScript source 206
CSS source 209

[ iv ]
 Table of Contents

Using the React-Motion animation library 210

How React-Motion works 210
Clock animation 211
JavaScript source 211
CSS source 218
Summary 220
Index 221

[v]
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